Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development

7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development

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INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPM

&

RESETTLEMENT ISSUES ~ IN

CHIRANJEET GANGULY, DAVID SOLOMON, GEORGE T



“The millions of displaced people do not exist anymore. When history is written they would

not be in it, not even as statistics. Some of them have subsequently been displaced three

and four times. True, they are not being annihilated or taken to gas chambers, but I can

warrant that the quality of their accommodation is worse than in any concentration camp

of the Third Reich. They are not captive, but they re-define the meaning of liberty and still

the nightmare does not end. They continue to be uprooted even from their hellish hovels by

government bulldozers. The millions of displaced people in India are nothing but refugees

of an unacknowledged war.” – Arundhati Roy, The Greater Common Good



DEVELOPMENT INDUCED DISPLACEMENT &

RESETTLEMENT

• Forcing of individuals and communities out of their homes for the purpose of economic devel

• CAUSES: Construction of Dams for Hydroelectric Power & Irrigation facilities, Mining, Infrastru

development – Airports, Military installations, Industrial Plants, Weapon Testing grounds, Railw

development, Urbanization.

• TARGET SEGMENT: Multiple level affected, from Tribal & Village communities to developed Ur

• MAJOR ISSUES: Lack of rehabilitation policies, Improper grievance redressal systems, Lack of s

improve livelihood



DISPLACEMENT: A SOCIAL CONCERN FO

INDIA

• Displacement of 10 million per year globally through Industrial Development projects, Infrastr

Development, Dams, Highways, Ports, Power Projects, Urban improvements etc.

• In the last 5 decades, 50 million people in India have been displaced – majorly tribal and rural

• RISKS FACED DUE TO DISPLACEMENT: Impoverishment risks including Landlessness, Joblessne

Marginalization, Food Insecurity, Loss of access to common property & Social disarticulation.

• Dismantling of production systems, Scattering of kinship groups, Disorganization of informal s

Disruption of Trade and Market links, Desecration of ancestral sacred zones and Loss of cultur

to physiological stress and psychological trauma.



RISKS TO RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITA

• Economic Risks: Loss of livelihood, Loss of income sources like arable land, Loss of common pr

resources like forests, grazing land, fisheries

• Decline in living standards leading to marginalization

• Loss of livelihood and agricultural activity disruption - Household food security risks leading to

nourishment

• Increased morbidity and mortality rates.

• Identity loss of tribals - Breakup of families, Erosion of intercommunity marriages, ignorance

character

• Institutional weaknesses, absence of policy and legal instruments leading to loss of livelihood



CRITICAL AREAS OF CONCERN:

• Social Costs

• Lack of basic amenities

• Decline in role of women and relationship in family

• Problems due to cash compensation









REHABILITATION & DEVELOPMENT: WAYS

TACKLE

Reconstruction Model of Rehabilitation marked by:

• Landlessness to land-based resettlement;

• Joblessness to re-employment;

• Food insecurity to safe nutrition.

• Increased morbidity and mortality to improved health and well-being

• Social disarticulation and deprivation of common property resources to community reconstru

inclusion



RESETTLEMENT PLAN:

• Planned and implemented as a development project for a minimum of 2 generations

• Provision of new rights, resources and strategies on top of protective measures implemented

• Sustainable improvement in terms of quality of life of majority of relocatees, particularly of th

marginalized

• Cumulative empowerment of relocatees - Effective participation in decision making process, G

control over day to day affairs



Resettlement and Rehabilitation ~ Mumbai



• Present Scenario of Housing: 55% live in slums, 65 Lakh people don’t have shelter, 12 Lakh ho

• Infrastructure projects by GoM: Mumbai Urban Transport Project, Metro Rail, Western Freewa

Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project, Mumbai Trans Harbour Link

• Impact of Infrastructural Development: Displacement of 58,000 slum families with 3,50,000 p

slums surround the airport who require immediate rehabilitation

• Resettlement & Rehabilitation: 23,000 PAH’s resettled under MUTP, 35,000 PAH’s under MUIP,

under Airport Slum Rehabilitation

TENEMENTS CONSTRUCTED AT DIFFEREN



MUTPOption A: Majas, Ajgaonkar Plot, Nirlon & NSE, Kanjurmarg, Ghatkopar, Powai

LocationsProject

5,

Option B: Mahul , Anik –

Runwal, Anik –

Rockline, Mankhurd –

S.V.Patel

Option C :Kokari Agar, Dharavi, Antop Hill, Mankhurd

MUIP

Anik (Chembur), Dahisar, Tunga Village SRA

No. of ten

TENEMENTS CONSTRUCTED AT DIFFERENLOCATIONS

4,2

3

12,3

Goregoan, ODC. Majas,Poonamnagar, Kanjurmarg (W), Kanjurmarg (E),

Bhandup (W). Anik (Chembur), Anik (Bhakti park), Anik(Mahul), Mankhurd,

Borla, Shivaji Nagar, Chembur

27

Project Requirement Already shifted Yet to be shifted

MUTP 22, 829 18,000 4,829

MUIP 35, 000 26,000 9,000

Total 57, 829 44,000 13,829



Site Views:

Mankhurd Oshiwara

Majas Ghatkopar

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http://localhost/var/www/apps/select_VR_movies/MAHUL%20VEDEOCON.mov

http://localhost/var/www/apps/select_VR_movies/OSHIWAR%20MOVIE.mov

http://localhost/var/www/apps/select_VR_movies/MANKHURD.mov



SALIENT FEATURES OF POLICIES:

• GoM R&R Policy: Rehabilitation of Slum dwellers for project affected households; Active comm

participation; Accord housing and civic rights to form Co-Operative Housing Society; Retain ex

network and minimize adverse impact

• Slum Rehabilitation Scheme: Free tenement of 225 sq.ft. carpet area; 20,000/structure for fut

maintenance; Maximum density of 500 PAH per hectare; 1 balwadi,1 welfare centre and a Soc

every 100 tenements each measuring 225 sq.ft.

• Un-encroached land belonging to private party is conveyed to Government free of cost for use

• Resettlement Townships: Construction of 50,000 tenements for resettlement of 3,50,000 slum

integrated townships well connected by rail and roadways. Physical infrastructure like water su

water drain, roads with footpaths and recreation grounds also completed by MMRDA.



RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION PRO

Rehabilitation Action Plan prepared covering:

Number of families affected by the project

Policy framework and entitlements

Land acquisition details

Identification of resettlement sites and purchase of built houses

Plans for transit and permanent housing

Economic rehabilitation measuresMonitoring, evaluation procedures, grievance & redressal mechanisms

Time-table including the preparation of detailed implementation plans



INNOVATION IN IMPLEMENTATION:

• Supervision to ensure design standard, quality construction utilizing engineering capabilities o

• Involvement of NGO’s to carry out procedures efficiently.

• Co ordination with government agencies like revenue department and collector encroachme

eligibility and entitlements.

• Taking over of cleared lands and provide security to prevent re encroachments

•Motivating developers to offer tenements under various schemes.

• Timely approvals after scrutiny to the proposals of developers.



THANK

YOU

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