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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # ### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # ## # # # # # ## # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # ## # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ### # # # # # ### ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # ## # # # # # # ## # ## ### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # ## # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## ## # # ## # # ## # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # # # ## ## # # Bathimetry of taal. # 1.1 - 10 m # 10 - 30 m # 30 - 60 m # 60 - 90 m # 90 - 166.7 m # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # # ## # CTDO06 CTDO01 7 17 # # # # # # CM 03 CM 05 CM 01 CM 06 CM 02 CM 04 Environmental monitoring and modelling of aquaculture in risk areas of the Philippines Preliminary information from Taal, Batangas, Philippines Modelling of carrying capacity for aquaculture production Bathymetry of Taal Lake Taal survey area Data collected Bathymetry (depth recordings) of the area Tidal range and current speed, direction and dispersion Physical parameters - Temperature, turbidity, salinity, oxygen, profile through the water column Water quality – chlorophyll, phosphorous, nitrite, ammonia Sediment analysis (biological and chemical) Weather data wind direction, speed, temperature Current meter stations and measurements Salinity, temperature and oxygen stations and measurements Chlorophyll-A measurements Sediment condition Secchi disc measurements Production data Location of fish cages Interviews with tilapia cage farmers Calculation of carrying capacity of the Taal Lake Volume of the part of the estuary under consideration is V = 2.43 * 109 m3. The volume is derived from the surface area of the lake, which is 2.43 * 108 m2 and the depth of the upper 10 m. Flushing rate. The average yearly rainfall is 1882.9 mm while the average evaporation is 116.75 mm, so the net water layer entering the Lake is 1766.15 mm over the watershed and the lake. In addition to the lake, the watershed is 4.2 108 m2. Hence the yearly inflow is 1.2 109 m3 and the flushing rate is D = (inflow=outflow)/V = 0.494 1/year. The lake needs 2 years to renew one volume of water to the depth of 10 m. Lake Taal CM01 (5,5 m depth) water transport (l/(s*m^2)) 0 2 4 6 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 Lake Taal CM06 (10,5 m depth) water transport (l/(s*m^2)) 0 2 4 6 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 Lake Taal CM04 (10,5 m depth) water transport (l/(s*m^2)) 0 2 4 6 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 Lake Taal CM02 (10,5 m depth) water transport (l/(s*m^2)) 0 2 4 6 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 Lake Taal CM05 (8,5 m depth) water transport (l/(s*m^2)) 0 2 4 6 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 Lake Taal CM03 (7,5 m depth) water transport (l/(s*m^2)) 0 2 4 6 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 26 27 28 29 30 T e m p e ra tu re (°C ) 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0.4 0 .8 1 .2 1.6 2 S a lin ity (P S U ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 O x y g e n (m g /l) 0 2 4 6 8 C h lo ro p h yll - F (µ g /l) C TD O 17 Lake T aal 03.30.06. 2 6 27 28 2 9 30 31 Te m pe ratu re (°C ) 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 D e p th (m ) 0 0.4 0 .8 1.2 1.6 2 S alinity (P S U ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 O xyg en (m g/l) 2 4 6 8 10 C h lo ro p h y ll - F (µ g /l) C T D O 0 6 L ak e Taal 10.04.0 5. 26 27 28 2 9 30 31 Tem pe ra ture (°C ) 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 D e p th (m ) 0 0 .4 0.8 1 .2 1.6 2 Sa linity (P SU ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Ox y ge n (m g/l) 4 8 12 16 20 24 C h lo ro p h yll - F (µ g /l) C T D O 0 1 La ke Taa l 10.04 .0 5. 26 27 2 8 29 30 Tem p erature (°C ) 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 D e p th (m ) 0 0 .4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 S a linity (P S U ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 O x yge n (m g /l) 0 2 4 6 8 C h lo ro p h y ll - F (µ g /l) C T D O 07 L ake Taal 03.29.06. 2.22:1 2.14 to 2.5:1 FCR 2.45%/day 1.45 to 4.45%/day Feeding rate 60.5 5 to 100 Feed given (kg/day) 7.45 2.5 to 10 Final density 5.75 4 to 7 Culture period (months) 16.9 4.3 to 50 Survival (%) 311.75 225g to 500 Final market size (g) 2,467 Present Biomass (kg) 221.5 50 to 500 Present Size (g) 4.14 0.62 to 7.5 Present Density (kg/m3) 153.8 62 to 214 Stocking Density (fry/m3) Tilapia Tilapia Species 837.5 700 to 1000 Net Volume (m3) Fish Cage - square Type 30 March 2006 Date Average Range Tilapia Fish Cage 2.22:1 2.14 to 2.5:1 FCR 2.45%/day 1.45 to 4.45%/day Feeding rate 60.5 5 to 100 Feed given (kg/day) 7.45 2.5 to 10 Final density 5.75 4 to 7 Culture period (months) 16.9 4.3 to 50 Survival (%) 311.75 225g to 500 Final market size (g) 2,467 Present Biomass (kg) 221.5 50 to 500 Present Size (g) 4.14 0.62 to 7.5 Present Density (kg/m3) 153.8 62 to 214 Stocking Density (fry/m3) Tilapia Tilapia Species 837.5 700 to 1000 Net Volume (m3) Fish Cage - square Type 30 March 2006 Date Average Range Tilapia Fish Cage 2.14:1 1.67 to 2.5:1 FCR 2.98%/day 1.45 to 4.45%/day Feeding rate 144 75 to 300 Feed given (kg/day) 5.72 5 to 9.9 Final density 5.67 5.5 to 6 Culture period (months) 84 50 to 96 Survival (%) 336 250g to 500 Final market size (g) 4,826 kg Present biomass 225 2 to 250 Present Size (g) 4.10 3.34 to 8.6 Present Density (kg/m3) 20.3 12 to 34.5 Stocking Density (fry/m3) Bangus Bangus Species 1177 1000 to 1508 Net Volume (m3) Fish Cage - round Type 30 March 2006 Date Average Range Milkfish Fish Cage 2.14:1 1.67 to 2.5:1 FCR 2.98%/day 1.45 to 4.45%/day Feeding rate 144 75 to 300 Feed given (kg/day) 5.72 5 to 9.9 Final density 5.67 5.5 to 6 Culture period (months) 84 50 to 96 Survival (%) 336 250g to 500 Final market size (g) 4,826 kg Present biomass 225 2 to 250 Present Size (g) 4.10 3.34 to 8.6 Present Density (kg/m3) 20.3 12 to 34.5 Stocking Density (fry/m3) Bangus Bangus Species 1177 1000 to 1508 Net Volume (m3) Fish Cage - round Type 30 March 2006 Date Average Range Milkfish Fish Cage Interviews with milkfish cage farmers By: Guttorm N. Christensen 1 , Rune Palerud 1 , Patrick White 1 , Tarzan Legoviz 1 , Regie Regpala 2 . 1 Akvaplan-niva, 2 BFAR NIFTDC # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Chlorophyll-taal.dbf # 1 - 4 ug/L # 4 - 8 ug/L # 8 - 12 ug/L # 12 - 16 ug/L # 16.1 - 22 ug/L # # # # # # # # # # # # Sediment-oct05.dbf # 1 Very good # 2 Good # 3 Bad # 4 Very bad # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Secchi all.dbf # 0.2 - 0.7 m # 0.7 - 2 m # 2 - 4 m # 4 - 20 m