Environmental Impact Assessment - Asian Development Bank

Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 36188-023 November 2014

Nepal: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project

Sanitary Landfill Development for Improved Solid Waste Management Subproject Birgunj Municipality, Nepal Prepared by Department of Urban Development and Building Construction, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 December 2014)

Currency unit – Nepalese rupee/s(NRe/NRs)

NRe1.00 = $0.0101 $1.00 = NRs98.85

NOTE{S}

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY 2011 ends on 15 July 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environment impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Governrnent of NePalMinistry of Urban DevdloPment

Department of urban Development and Building construction(DUDBC)

Secondary Towns Integrated Urban EnvironmentImProvement Project (STIUEIP)

ENVI RONMENTAL IMPAGT ASSESSMENT

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$anitary Landfill Development for lmprovedSotid Vllaste Management of Bingunj

MunicipalitY

tIIIItIIIIIIII

Proponent

Birgunj Sub-metroPolitan CitY

Project lmplementation Unit (PlU)

Secondary Towns lntegrated Urban Environment lmprovement Project(sTluElP)

Birgunj, Parsa, NePal

Submitted to

Ministry of Science, Technology and EnvironmentThrough

Department of Urban Development and Building constructionAnd

MinistrY of Urban DeveloPment

Prepared bY

SMEC lnternational Pty Ltd., Australia in association with Brisbane City

Enterprises Pty Ltd., Australia, CEMAT Consultants (P) Ltd', Nepal and

Building Design AuthoritY. NePal

November 2414

T

Governrnent of NePal

Ministry of Urban DeveloPment

Department of u;;; d"r"i3t;#,uno Building construction

Secondary Towns Integrated Ut!3.1 EnvironmentImProvement Project (STIUEIP)

ENVIRoNTVIENTALIMPAGTASSESSMENTof

SanltarySolid

Landfill Development for lmproved

Waste Management of Birgu:t'i.-.

MuniciPalitY #,- ' '-tA

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Proponent t --1'f,'

Birgunj Sub-metroPolitan CtY

Projeit lmplementation Unit (PlU)

Second ary Towns I nteg rated U !L?l..En'iron ment lmprovement Project

(sTluElP)Birgunj, Parsa, NePal

Submitted to

Ministry of Science l??:ffii:gv

and Environment

DepartmentofUrbanDeveloPme.ntandBuildingConstruction

Ministry of Urban DeveloPment

PrePared bY

SMEC lnternational Pty Ltd , Ausiralia in association with Brisbane city

Enterprises pty r-ti., nltt,.aira CEMAT Consultants (P) Ltd'' Nepal and

Builcing Design AuthoritY' NePal

November 2014

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. lntroduction

The Deparlmeni of U.ca- l:,eoc*leni and Building conrtrr.tl-lLoTrrffi under the

Ministry of Urban Deve:c-=^: l;ioUD), through the Government of Nepal, has received

Loan 2650-NEP: Seccrca-i -c'nyns lntegrated Urban Environmental lmprovement Project

(STtUEIP or the Projecl) frcr ::e Asran Development Bank (ADB). MoUD is the executing

agency for the Projec:. r.vcrking through DUDBC, and Birgunj municipality is the

implementing agencies (lAs).

The EIA study covers ihe Sorid Waste Management component of the subproiect with

development of Sanitary Landfill ai Ward 7 and 9 of ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC respectively

of Bara District for Birgunj Sub-metropolltan City.

Birgunj Sub-metropolitan City, PlU, STIUEIP as project proponent has engaged the Design

and Supervision Consultant to undertake Detailed Engineering Survey, Design and

Construction Supervision for improvement/development of Sanitary Landfill with

infrastructural facilities for management of solid waste for Birgunj City including

Environmental lmpact Assessment, preparation of contract document for execution of the

construction work.

Birgunj Municipality exceeds the required threshold value on solid waste generation as it isestimated at around 12,228 tons per year at year 2016 and total solid waste of 254,312 tons

will be filled in the land fill cells area bf 4.92ha during its 15 years life span i.e. year 2030

(DSC design report). Thus it exceeds the threshold value for rate of land filling as well as

land filling area (i.e. total area of 10.76 ha that is greaterthan 10 ha) requiring EIA study.

Subsequently the EPR empowers the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

(MoSTE) to approve the EIA report. This EIA report has been prepared in accordance with

the requirements of the EPR Clause 7 , 10 and Schedule 1,2,4, and 6.

2. Methodology

The overall procedure followed for this study follows EPA and EPR 1997 and as arnended(1999 & 2007). The EIA is prepared in compliancewith otherGoN legislation, based on fieldstudies and consultation with local people and officials of VDC, DDC, and Municipality,

All relevant literature, design reports, maps and other required information was collected andreviewed during desk study including avallable secondary data's of the project area.

A field visit was conducted by DSC Environmental Specialist including group of

multidisciplinary team of experts comprislng Waste Management Specialist (international),

Solid Waste Engineer (national), Ecologist, Social Development Specialist, Surveyors and

Enumerators. lnformation on physical, chemical, biological and socio-economic and cultural

conditions of the project's direct and indirect impacts was collected.

lmpacts have been categorized as direct and indirect. Each of the direct and indirect impacts

has further been evaluated in :erms of Extent (site specific, local and regional); Duration(short term, medium term anc ,cng term); and Magnitude (low, medium and high) based on

conditions of the envircn:re^:a ca.arneter at present, estimated and projected damage of

the project,

t

Around 60 local people were present in the public hearing meeting held on December 2'1

20'13 (Paush 6, 2070) at Shree Nepal Rastriya Madhyamik Vidhyalaya, Nagwa, Ward No

19, Birgunj, Parsa. A number of local area representative expressed their views anc

comments on the project. The public consultation deliberation, suggestions and comments is

sunnmarized and given in Annex 6 of this reporl. Recommendation letters received from the

relevant stakeholders is kept in Annex 7.

At the final stage of EIA Study, a public notice of 30 days duration was given in a nationa:

daily newspaper by Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE) requesting

individual or institutional stakeholders to provide their comments on the EIA report. Copies of

the EIA reports were displayed at the project sites as well as at different public places

including some relevant libraries.

The final EIA report was prepared upon incorporating comments received from the relevani

stakeholders and EIA review committee members present during final presentation of the

EIA report on September 03, 2014 at MoSTE.

3. Project Description

Th'e pr:oposed Sanitary Landfill Site for Solid Waste Management of Birgunj Municipality lies

in ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC Ward No. 7 and 9 respectively of Bara District in Central

Development Region of Nepal. The Singaha river located on the western boundary of the

proposed sanitary landfill site touches Ward No. 19 of Birgunj Sub-metropolitan city. The

proposed Sanitary Landfill site is linked with an existing gravel road from Ward No. 19 of

Birgunj.

During detail survey and design, the Bulk density of Jolid waste is estimated at 320 kg/m3

and the total existing solid waste generation for Birgunj is estimated at 56.609 tons/day for

design year 2016. With the proposed coverage of 60%, estimated solid waste generation for

base year 2016 is estimated at 33.965 tonsiday and the residual waste reaching Landfill celi

is estimated at23.775 tons/day (12,228 tons/year). The census of 20'11 officially establishes

the population of all lgwards at 135,904with annual growth rate of 1.91%.

The Birgunj Municipality provides waste collection service in all 19 wards with two tippers

and 8 tractors-trailers. The service is provided at two levels, one is the central-level service

and other is ward-level service. At the central-level service, the Municipality controls the

main routes namely. Road No. 1, Road No. 2 and Road No. 3 with two tippers and deploying

290 cleaning staffs for street sweeping.

The total number of collection points identified is 37 in respective wards of the Birgunj

Municipaiity. There are no permanent dumpsites under control of Municipality. All the

identified areas are lowland areas owned by private parties and river banks.

The SWM component adopts an integrated approach for solid waste management, with

review and improvement of the entire system from segregation and collection, through 3R

including focus on composting of organic waste, to transporlation and final disposal at the

sanitary landfill, and thus include procurement of necessary equipment and vehicles and the

construction of a sanitary landfill site. The system design is for a planning period of 20 years'

The proposed SWM system includes waste collection from designated location and direct

transporlation to the sanitary landfill, construction / improvement of access road to the waste

processing centre, development of buffer zone, landfilt,.&1L administration facilities,

composting facilities, receiving facilities, and parking arefu-1tea..f , Ê' ' i:r' . .i E- o.._*^^.. :i

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The total construction ccs: êec3c :cr ihe implementation of the sub-project is estimated tobe around NRs 479,992.077.27 'c*i' hundred seventy nine million nine hundred ninety two

thousand seventy seven a^c .z sa :wenty seven only) including VAT, 5% price contingency

and 5% physical contingenc:i ras cef design estimate).

The landfill site developreii,i,,o'< -nder STIUEIP will be implemented over 2 year's period

upon work commencerneni ',yii: tne provision of single ICB contract package. One year's

defects liability period has been allocated for defects remedial works.

The operational plan enabies the site preparation, landfill cell construction, soil cover,

leachate treatment, gas management, record keeping activities, closure activities and

environmental monitoring (during landfilling and post-closure) to be conducted in a safe,

efficient, and environmentally sound manner.

4. Review of Policies, Plans, Laws and Guidelines

The existing policies, plans, laws, guidelines and institutions were revieimplications on the project functioning was outlined.

5. Existing Environmental Condition

Phvsical and Chemical environment

The proposed SLF with a total area of 10.76 ha is located in the Terai plain ft,re,"{tr

area consist plain terrain mainly of quaternary sediments constituting cultivated land. lt iscomposed of very fertile soil mixed of clay, silt and sand. Birgunj Sub-metropolitan city has

elongated shape with a maximum north-south length of 8 km and east-west width of 4 km.

The altitude ranges from about 78 m in south near border area to 87m in the north.

The climatic condition is subtropical monsoon with very hot and wet summer. Basin area of

Singaha river up to the Sanitary landfill (SLF) site located at eastern side of Birgunj is 12km2

having 20 years flood level at 79.486m and flood discharge of 49.02m3/s. The ground water

table at the western part of the SLF near the Singaha river varies between 4.25m to 3.75m

below ground level whereas the eastern part possesses 2.50m below the ground level.

The land use type of the SLF is agricultural land with sparse vegetation owned by the Birgunj

Municipality. The proposed Sanitary Landfill Site is stable and no traces of soil erosion is

detected which is harmful to waste landfill works. As the proposed sanitary landfill area in

Itiyahi and Bishrampur VDC of Bara District lies in the rural settings not affected by Industrial

emissions, vehicular movement and other infrastructures developments, the air and noise of

the subproject area is assumed fair at present condition.

The lancifiii site area cioes not have any form of noise pollution as such because there is no

outside encroachment. The vehicular movement is very low with no industry nearby. The

nearest settlement from the proposed SLF is Mushharuva in Bishrampur VDC which is 2km

east of SLF and ltiyahi settlement located around 2km North East of SLF. Nagwa ward No.

19 of Birgunj Municipality is ar-ound '1km west of SLF connected by existing gravel road"

The surface water quality of Singaha rrver flowing north to south at the western side of the

proposed landfill site is fairiy gse6 The quality of the ground water was noted potable for

drinking purpose.

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a does not fall in any restricted areas, places of cultural, historical andThe subproject are

archeological importance i monuments, conservation areas' wild life national parks' and any

other praces where the raw of the rand prohibits any construction activities. Parsa wildlife

Reserve is located around 31km north of proposed sanitary Landfitl site.

The proposed sLF consists of agricultural land with sparse vegetation mostly concentrated

at the western part constituting trees of girth size ranging from 0'3m to 0'90m' Total 733

number of trees will have to be cleared for sub-project development'

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment I

As per Population census of 2011, total population of the ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC is

6,659 and 6,321 and household number is 977 and 912 respectively' Male comprises about

53.24%while fema le 46.76% for ltiyahi and 52.460/o male and 47 '54Yo female for Bishrampur

VDC.

About 52% of the population involved in economic activity above 10 years of age is

economicaily active. Majority of the economicaily actrve popuration rs engaged in agriculture

followed by trade, service and labor. Total literacy rate is 69.5%' comprising of 79'21o/o

among male and 57.72% among female. Total literacy rate is 39'4% for BishrampurVDC

and 32.7o/o for ltiYahi.

There are no project affected famiries within the proposed landfi, site area. Atl the land area

is owned by the Birgunj Municipality. Temporary structures and people living illegally within

the project ,r". ,i. nil, thu, land acquisition and resettlement issues need not to be

assessed. The waste coilection and transporlation wi, be carried out within the existing

footprint without affecting the private properties of Birgunj Municipality'

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The common diseases

be due to Poor water

management.

reported for the project area are gastroenteritis and diarrhea' it may

quality, lack of proper surface drainage systems and solid waste

solid waste of Birgunj Municipality is collected and transported using tractors and open

trailers. ln the absence of a permanent sanitary dumping site, a daily estimaled 47 '57 tons of

garbage is being dumped haphazardly along river banks, ponds, by-pass road and open

spaces. Nearby areas of those places are prone to serious health hazard'

Around 43 industries are registered and approved in .the Bara district most of them

concentrated near Tribhuvan Rajmargh in t"t*""n Birgunj and Pathlaiya road' According to

district profire (2007),more than 163 different type of in-oustries are rocated within the Birguni

municipality. The major types .r" ,orp, ptrtiit, textile, garment, metal' leather' distillery'

pharmaceutical etc.

The proposed sub-project is not expected to.,advei?,:ly 1I:^:tresources but will i'nciease the existing quality of life values

f'.rygl"n" and health. Several mitigation measures have been

,di"tt" environmental impacts wherever it is necessary'

any cultural or recreationaldue to the imProvernent in

proposed in order to reduce

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6. Environmental lrnpact and Mitigation Measures

Beneficial lmpact

The direct benefit from the s*b-pre,e.1 will be forbe disposed off for 15 years Thereafter the sitedepending upon the wish cf tne lccai people.

Employment opporlunity to local people by the sub-project will be the most awaited benefit.However, these will be considered depending upon their quatification and availability. Thesub-project will give first priority to the Iocal people while rendering training program. Thetraining program to enhance their skill in various construction related work will augment theircapacity.

With the implementation of the sub-project, there will be increase in economic activities suchas business, rental of houses etc. Marketing the local products to the sub-project employeesand the construction workers will increase income of the local people. The support for thedevelopment activities will ensure its sustainability arrangement.

The developed infrastructure will facilitate in sanitary disposal of solid wastes which willreduce environmental risk associated with health hazard and improve environment, healthand hygiene of the people as compared to the present haphazard dumping of solid waste inlow land area and ponds.

The sub-project provisions composting center. As per the demand of the local people, theMunicipality has been recommended to make an arrangement for sale of compost product ina cheaper rate to the local farmers residing in nearby villages who are indirecfly affected bythe sub-project development. The support from BSMC and GoN will be continued for thedevelopment of the local area during operation phase also.

At present, the river bank of the project area is not disturbed. However, during construction,the river bank slope may get disturbed inviting land instability and soil erosion problem. Thedesign drawings include well planned drainage channels and blacktopped roads includingconcrete pavement over parking and vehicle wash/maintenance area. The river banks areprovisioned with bank protection works with gabion walls and gabion mattress. All theembanked slopes are provisioned in the design with broadcasting of grass seeds.

The construction activity will add emission of air pollutant in the local atmosphere andincrease noise level at site. The construction wastes are likely to enter the Singaha river.This could change the river water quality. These changes in the natural environment arenormal in any construction projects. To reduce noise level, the sub-project will avoid noisegenerating activities at night; minimize period of construction; place noise barriers atappropriate location and noise reducing equipment will be fitted for noise producing engines.ln order to minimize possible changes in air quality, the sub-project will keep the site dampwith regular spray of water, stockpiled material will be covered with tarpaulin; ensure deliveryvehicles are covered; and ensure construction vehicles comply with GoN requirernents.

The proposed landfill site will generate highly concentrated leachate. The leachate couldcontaminate the surface and ground water if they are allowed to pass into them. These hasbeen taken care by detailed ciesign. Horizontal and vertical lining have been proposed in the

Birgunj Municipality whose solid waste willwill be developed as a recreational facility

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ical and Chemical Envi

1 qnt*.design. The leachate will be. safely collected via perforated piSg. ae+-tldisposal. Effective implementation of these provisions will be made -i ,. ,.," :

Bad smell is one of the characteristic of solid wastes. This wrll Oe fiinimi=ed by bringir^;waste into the landfill site as early in the day as possible without undue delay covere:properly in the waste carrying vehicle. Buffer zone all around the landfill site and daily cove'of disposed waste with clay liner has been proposed to prevent the foul smell spreading ,-the community.

The decomposition process of the solid waste wiil generate the methane and other gaseswhich will be collected and released in the environment without any treatment through gasvent pipe. The inflammability could cause fire hazard if precautions are not taken in timeThe landfill site will have provision of adequate number of fire extinguishers in case of theemergency.

The disposed waste will be covered daily by the soil. Total '1 1,644 m3 of soil cover will berequired for the entire period. These cover material is not available nearby the project areaIt had to be brought from Ratomate, about 5km south of Hetauda and 50krn norlh from theproposed landfill site located near Tribhuvan Rajpath. The operation of the borrow sites is

Iikely to disturb the landscape, change in elevation level and loss of fertile topsoil and wiiincrease the dust emission. The slopes of the borrow sites could be unstable and migh:invite erosion and landslide. Extraction of the cover material will be planned properlyRetaining structures will be constructed where required for stable side slopes. Preferably''less than 45o slope will be maintained at the borrow sites. Proper drainage will beprovisioned to drain out water.

The workforce will be made aware of the health problems that may cause due to unsafehandling of the waste. Proper way of handling of waste will be instructed. Project will ensureadequate safety measures such as provision of helmets, masks, ear plugs etc. are availablein the landfill site. A medical kit with necessary emergency medicines will be made availablein the landfill sites. Regular and periodic medical check up will be carried out to the staffsworking in the site.

There is the risk of community health and safety from odor and diseases transmitted by flies.insects, birds and rats. The project will ensure that the waste disposal, spreading andcompaction operation will be carried out as soon as the wastes are unloaded. The waste willbe covered daily by clay material. Special attention will be given for the waste brought infrom the slaughter houses.

It is estimated that around '150 numbers of workforce will be required during peak period ofconstruction. Around 53 kg of solid waste per day is likely to be produced by the workforce.Pollution of surface and ground water is likely from unsanitary waste disposal practices andcould create social conflicts. The labor camp will have provision of proper drinking water,sewerage and waste disposal facilities. The solid waste generated will be separated. Non-degradable waste as plastic, steel, glasses etc. will be recycled while bio-degradable wastewill be collected and dumped at proper location approved by Design and SupervisionConsultant/Municipality with consent of relevant stakeholders. Open burning of solid wastewill be strictly banned during construction.

Biol oq ic al Env i ron me nt

The proposed landfill site development works entails clearing of existing trees within theproposed landfill site area owned by the Birgunj Municipality with girth ranging from 0.3m to1.8m. Most of the trees are located along the western boundary of the proposed landfill sitenear Singaha River. The number of trees required for felling amounts 733in numbers. Treeplantation will be carried out all around the landfill site (covering i5m strip around'1398mperimeter) for creation of buffer area/strip. Total 7,330 nos of apcropriate trees will be

planted (including management for 5 years).

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There is the risk of community health and safety from odor ancj cjiseases transrnitted by flies,insects, birds and rats. The project will ensure that the waste disposa[, spreading andcompaction operation will be carried out as soon as the wastes are unloaded. The waste willbe covered daily by clay material.

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

Tne proposed sub-project will not have any adverse impact on loss of farmland and otherlaiegory of Iands as the proposed land for landfilt site is owned by the Birgunj Municipality,

:rere will be no impact on development of sanitary landfill site as the site is far away fromsellienrent areas. However, during transportation of waste, there could be impact onc-cric/private utilities, access to them or damages due to heavy equipnnent/vehicular-cvement depending upon the methods of transportation. The sub-project will plan for'^^ *eciate attendance by the service providers to any damages to utilities during::^s:'uoticn The sub-project will ensure keeping the site free from all unnecessary::s:'-:: c^s and storing of disposing of any contractor's equipment or surplus material, and: =.-

^; .:,.: and removing from the site any wreckage rubbish and temporary works which.^^ . -^)

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-: =::' =^l o'o;ect staffs may be exposed to high noise and dust levels during::-: --:::^ l:^centration of a large number of people in the project sites may create:":: :-s - : s::sai cf sewerage and water contamination, These may increase pressure to'-: -:::- ::-, :.s Tne project will ebtablish campsite for the workers from outside of the:.: :: =-=2 z-: a outside workers will be housed in the campsite. The camp site will have'.: :.: s-:- as c:rking water supply, pit latrines and health clinics along with necessary*:l: -3s :3 :-e v;orkers and their dependants in the labor camps so that no additional:-::s-': :^ :ê existing services and facilities will be created due to workers who come from

^ -F^ ^-^;^^r ,: -:S := ::= p'CjeCI area.

- s::3 cf orecautionary measures, occurrence of serious accidents cannot be completely-- :: c-t. Construction activities and plying of vehicle in the earthen road will increase dust

=-: Jaseous emission, and respiratory diseases may threaten health of the local people and"',l"rers All construction workers and staffs will be covered with accident insurance. ln order:: * ^ niize the unwanted accidents and possible effect of dust and gaseous emission to::^s:'uction workers, the project will ensure adequate safety measures such as provision of-: ..ets masks, air plugs, road signs, warning signals etc. To minimize dustto local people,:':; sion of water spray will be made during the dry season.

-^3 concentration of large number of people with varied social and cultural backgrounds and^',ow of cash at the same time may lead to anti-social activities such as use of morealcchol. gambling, and prostitution that may invite conflict between local and outsiders. Accal cornmittee representing local political parties will be formed which will be encouraged toiipose restrictions on ceftain activities in the social places so that the workers do notoecome a nuisance to local people. Regular surveillance by security people will also bemanaged. To develop good relationship and understandings between local community andihe project people and to maintain a harmonious relationship between them a public relationofficer will be employed.

i

I

The execution of supt'6ioiegl.activities will not disturb archaeo:og;ca: ancj/or religious sites ofthe area.

Though there iq*no settlementl area near the iandfill site r,,rtrin one to two kilometerperiphery, but the"settlement nearby use the access road comnicn to landfill site leading totheir residence. The local people may oppose and hincjer rn transportation of waste to thelandfitl site raising issues of bad smell and Iittering of waste to their locality creatingunhygienic condition. This could lead in risk of disturoances by the local people intransportation of wastes to the Sanitary Landfill site. The prolect will ensure that all the wastecarrying vehicles are properly covered and no littering of waste occurs while transportation.The access road leading to landfill site will be well maintained.

The workers may be exposed to high noise levels during unloading and compaction of thesolid waste. They may be exposed to high levels of dust durinE new cell construction, plyingof wastes transporlation vehicies, unloading and covering the cells. The gas emissionsgenerated may affect heaith of the workers. Workers will be provided with safety equipmentand safety procedures will be implemented as far as possibte. Routine rnedical exams forworkers will be carried out. The area being sensitive, entry of unauthorized person will berestricted. As per the demand of the local people, a health care center for workers andneighborhood has been provisioned in the detailed design.

7. AlternativeAnalysis

Within the outlined scope of work, various alternativeg for implementation of the proposalwere analyzed pertaining to environmental impacts of the project activities. The alternativeanalysis mainly focuses on project site; project design, technotogy selection and operation;and no project options.

8. Environment Management plan

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) delineates key issues Iikely to arise fromProject implementation, and proposes mitigation measures, including monitoring scheduleand responsibility. The EMP also outlines environmental management roles andresponsibilities, sub-project design and construction management of different activities, sitesupervision, monitoring and reporting, records, and corrective measures, improvementproposals, and cost estimates for mitigation measures.

For urban projects, Ministry of Urban Developrnent (MoUD) is legally responsible for projectmanagement and monitoring works. The PlU, STIUEIP-Birgunj will carry out themanagernent/monitoring of the implementation of the EMP by the Contractor through itsDesign and Supervision Consultant.

PlU, STIUEIP-Birgunj will co-ordinate with DUDBC/PCO and get the technical assistancerequired for the implementation of the environmental protection measures. plU, STIUEIp-Birgunj may also seek additional technical assistance from the Ministry of Forests and SoilConservation and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment as and whennecessary. PIU staff will work alongside the construction and operation to ensure that themeasures and requirements outlined in the EMP are carried out effectively.

The six main parties responsible for the design and implementation of mitigation measuresprior to, during and following sub-project implementq{on are.

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PlU, STIUEIP-3::gur'Asian Deveiocment Bank (ADB)

Design and Suoervision Consultant

Construction Ccntlactor

Similarly roles and responsibiliiies of other local, district and central level institutions and

those affected by the projecr construction will also be equally important and the projectproponent will maintain interaction and coordination with all of them accordingly. The otherinstitutions are as follows:

. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE)

. District Forest Officer Municipatity / DDC

MoSTE is responsible for final approval of the EIA report as per the provisions of Act andRules and issue environmental clearance. Furlher it will carry out Environmental Audit of theproject after two years of project operation.

Most of the mitigation costs are included as in-built in desiEn and estimate. However,mitigation cost not included in in-built design and estimated separately to be included as partof the contractor's bill of quantity is specified in the EMP. The total estimated environmentalcost is NRs. 11,226,270. The percentage of environmental cost to the project cost is around2.34%.

9. Conclusion

Conclusion

There is no environmentally sensitive area near to the proposed site. Since there is nosettlement nearby, nuisance to neighboring area due to foul order and influx of insects,rodents and public health hazard from odor, and disease transmitted by flies, insects, birdand rats will be insignificant.

Surface and ground water pollution from leachate is less likely because the land presently is

used for flooded paddy indicating very low infiltration and the design includes leachatecollection and treatment facility with placement of HDPE sheet liner and clay liner system atthe bottom as well as along the vertical slope of waste storage dam to prevent leachatecontaminating the ground and surface water. Methane and other gases will be generated asthe waste degrades within the landfill mass. Gas collectlon facilities consists of collectionwells and a flaring station depending upon the characteristics of the deposited waste aftercomposting and other waste recovery and processing activities.

The identified and predicted impacts have been evaluated to know their significance. Anumber of benefit augmentation measures and adverse impacts mitigation measures havebeen proposed to offset the adverse environmental impacts, and make the projectenvironrnent-friendly. The mitigation measures will minimize the impacts sufficiently.

Recommendation

The project will be impieme'tec with strict adherence to the mitigation measures asprescribed in the Environn e^:a lv'lanagement Plan which is designed to form part of theBidding Document so tha::'e .3'i"actor's are compelled to implement them. The proposedenvironrnental enhancere.: . sesures wlll help upgrade the quality of life of the affected

people. Training and employment du:-: ::^s:'-3: c" will be cruciai in enhancing liveiihood

of affected locals.

Taking into consideration the nature 3' :^: ;'l.eci its location, evaluated environmentai

impacts and practical mitigation meas-'es -3 -ring existing policies and laws on solid

waste management and resource moo, za: c' anc the environment, this project could be

re6ommended for implementation. Howerrei I s io be noted that proposed site is meant for

the disposal of the municipal wastes only anc nazardous waste shall not be entertained in

the landfilt site.

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TIIrIIrIIIrItIIIIrI

Table of Contents

Executive Summary (in Nepati and Engtish)E S 1 lntroduction

= S 2 Methodology

=S3 ProjectDescription

=.S 4 Review of Policies, Plans, Laws and Guidelines

= S 5 Existing Environmental Condition

= S 6 Environmental lmpact and Mitigation Measures

= S 7 AlternativeAnalysis

= S 8 Environment Management plan: S I ConclusionAbbreviations / AcronymsMain ReportCHAPTERl: INTRODUCTTON

3+AP*ER 2:

(ÎJADTEtr) ".vr rnr I Lt\ J.

1,1 Background

1.2 Rationality for Conducting EIA1.3 Objectives of EtA Study1 .4 The Project Proponent1.5 Organization Responsible for Carrying out the Study1.6 Hospital Waste

METHODOLOGY2.1 Study Team2 2 Project lmpact Area Delineation2.3 Methods

2.3.1 Desk Study2.3.2 Field Study2.3.3 lmpact Analisis2.3.4 Public Hearing2.3.5 Public Notice fQr Finalization of EIA Study Report2.3.6 Finalization of f tR Repo(

PROJECT DESCRIPTION3.1 Project Location and Existing solid waste Management practice

3.'1 .'1 Project Location3.1.2 Waste Generation Rates and Waste Volume projections

(Household, Commercial, lnstitutional, Street Sweepings)3.1.3 Waste Characterization and Composition3.1.4 Existing Waste Collection Seruice3.1 .5 Temporary Disposal Sites3.1.6 Private contract Arrangement on sorid waste Management3.1 7 HospitalWaste Management3.1.8 Organizational Structure and Staffing3.1 .9 Financial Aspect

3.2 Proposed lntegrated Solid Waste Management System3.2.1 Waste Segregation, Storage and Volume Reduction at

Source3.2.2 Waste Collection, Transport and Disposal at Sanitary

Landfill3 2.3 Proposed Sanitary Landfill Site

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3-9

CHAPTER 4:

3.2.4 Saiie': =zz'--'.:' :-: :'.ccsed Sanitary Landfill Site

3.2.5 lnstltul:c-a r"2- 13-3-: Awareness and Training

3.3 Project Works ?' : ','='.=' =

s :: :: -sed3.4 Manpower Re:- '=-=-:s a-: l:rsi'ilction Methcd

3.5 Resources Rec;,'::':':-: -o en:entation of the Proposal

3 6 Total Cost of the P:; =::3.7 Work Schedule3.8 Operation of Lar^c'

REVIEW OF POLICIES. PLANS, LAWS AND GUIDELINES4 1 Plan, Policies and Sirategies

4.1.1 The interinr Corstii;iion of Nepal2063 (2007)

4.1.2 Three Years inlerim PIan, 2008

4.1 .3 Environrnental Pciicy anC Plan

4.1.4 Other Policies4.2 Relevant Laws

4.2.1 Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1996 and the

Environment Protection Rules EPR), 1997

4.2.2 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 (2011)

4.2.3 Soiid Waste Management Rules, 2OlO (2013) ',#+*u4.2.4 Local Self Governance Act, 2055 (1999) and LW.al'

Governance Rules, 2056 (1999) ffi.. .

4.2.5 Land Acquisition Act, 203411977) - 'Yt{{;

4.2.6 Town Development Act, 2045 (199-2) g- ,rqr€4.2.7 Soil and Water Conservation.Act, 2039 (1982f"t,+ il u-*

-u

4.2.8 Public Road Act, 2048 (1991) tu+..=ra;r

4.2.9 Other Relevant Laws '(ri {\*4.2.10 Plant Proiection Act, 2064 (2007)

4.2.11 Aquatic Animal Protection Act, 20'18 (1961)

4.3 Guidelines and Manuals4.3.1 National EIA Guidelines, 2050 (1993)

4.3.2EnvironmentManagementGuidelines,lggTandtheElAPolicy Document for the Road Sector (DoR 1997 and

2000)4.3.3 Urban Environment Management Guideline' 2068

4.4 lnstitutions4 4.1 Local lnstitutions

(a) Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City(b) Village Developmqnt Committee(c) District Administration Office(d) District Development Committee

4 4.2 National lnstitutions(a) Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

(MoSTE)(b) Ministry of Urban DeveloPment(c) Department of Urban Development and Building

Construction (DUDBC)

4 5 lnternational Convention4 5.1 Conveniion on lnternational Trade for Endangered

Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora'2032 (1973)

4.5.2 The Convention on Biological Diversity' 2050 (1992)

4.5.3 Basel Convention4.5.4 Minamata Convention

EXISTTNG ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION5.'1 Physical anc Cremical Environment

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5-'lCHAPTER 5:

5 1 1 Geophysical: Location, Topography Geology and Soils5.1.2 Climate5 1.3 Surface and Ground Water5.1 .4 Land Use and Land Cover5.1 .5 Slope Stability5.1.6 Air and Noise Level5.1.7 Water Quality5 1.8 Odor LevelBiological Environment5 2.1 Flora and FaunaSocio-economic and Cultural Environment5.3.1 Population, Communities and Occupation5.3.2 Project Affected Family5.3.3 Health and Sanitation5.3.4 Solid Waste Management5.3.5 lndustries

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5.3.6 Agriculture Development a dffi."i-j#" 15.3.7 lnfrastructure Facilities A -ci}jg-e I5.3.8 Qualities of Life Values "+rjftr {{{.;5.3.9 Historical/Reiigious Sites/Practices/Culture'.p rn ar{65.3.10 Project Affected People '+'.-fpr{ trtt6q'

(a) Land Acquisitron Details

CHAPTER 6:

(b) Population Composition and Sex(c) Ethnicity Composition(d) Educational Status(e) Occupation(f) Debt(g) Level of lncome by Status(h) Women Status

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION6.1 Beneficial lmpact

6.1 .1 Beneficial lmpact - Construction Stage(i) Employment Opportunities to Local People(ii) Technical Skills and Know-how(iii) Local Economy(iv) Local Development Activities

6 I 2 Beneficial lmpact - Operation Stage(i) Employment Generation to Local People(ii) Developed lnfrastructure for Solid Waste

Disposal(iii) Use of Landfill Site 6-4(iv) Local Development Activities 6-5

6.1.3 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 6-56.2 Adverse lmpacts and Mitigation Measures 6-6

6.2.1 Physical Environment 6-66.2.1.1 Construction Stage - Physical Environment 6-6(i) Landscape Disturbance 6-6(ii) Land Stability and Soil Erosion 6-7(iii) Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Level 6-7(iv) Operation and Closure of Quarries and Borrow 6-8

Pits(v) Drainage Alteration and Associated Erosion and 6-9

Sediment(vi) Leakage of Oil, Grease and other Materials 6-10(vii) Labor Camp and Solid Waste DisposalGenerated 6-'10

:r :-€ ::-s:.-clion Workers(viri) l.::::^

-; o'Constructlon Materials and SpoilJ >--:=

(ix) Loss 3'ro: Soli6.2': 2 Cse:a: or Siage - Physical Environment(i) La:c Stac ,'lY and Soil Erosion(ii) SuaaC€ \,n'Jaier HYdrologY(iii) Arr Qua,;:Y(iv) Leacna:e Generation and Risk on Water Quality

(sur{ace and ground water)(v) Norse anC Vibration(vi) BaC Smeii(vii) Gas Generaiion, Emission and Dispersion(viii) Availaoility of Cover Material(ix) Human Health Associated with Environmental

Pollution(x) lmpact of Environment on the Project(xi) River Pollution and Scattering of Waste by

Rodents and Birds(xii) Fire Hazard and Access Road Pollution

6.2.2 Biotogical Environment6.2.2.1 Construction Stage - Biological Environment(i) Clearing of Vegetation6.2.2.2 Operation Stage - Biologicai Environrnent

,,, (i) Birds Hazards,:, (ii) Aquatic Life - Water Pollution

6.2.3 Socio-economicandCulturalEnvironment.2.3 1 consSr;Hi1"..,fli?- socio-economic and

(i) Loss of Farmland and other Category of Lands as

a Part of Site Clearance(ii) Disturbance to Public/Private Utilities and Access

io them(iii) Health and Sanitation(iv) Occupational Health and Safety(v) Conflict between Local and Outsiders / lncrease in

Bad Habit due to Cash Flow(vi) EmploYment for Locals(vii) Cultural and Aesthetic Sites6"2.3.2 Operation Stage - Socio-economic and Cultural

Environment(i) Public Health, Health and Sanitation(ii) Local Disturbance in Transportation of Waste(iii) Nuisance due to Inadequate Supply of Water(iv) Occupaiional Health and Safety(v) Employment for Locals(vi) Rodents and lmpact on Agro-Productivity(vii) Aesthetic Values, Foul/Bad Odor(viii) Site Recovery upon Saturation of Landfill Site

Capacity6.3 Summary of Mitigation Cost

ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS7 .1 Projecl Si:e Desrgn and Layout Planning

7.1 ' D-c =:: S:e

7 ."; 2 f,e i g" arc Layout Planning

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6-20

6-21

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6-27

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CHAPTER 7:

7 2 Tectnology and procedure of Operation7 3 Time Scnedule and Raw Materials to be Used7.4 Do Noihing Alternative

CHAPTER B: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)8.1 Background8.2 Objectives of the EMp8.3 project OrganizationI 4 Environmentar Management Rores and ResponsibirityB.S Monitoring and Evaluation8.6 Environmental Audit8.7 Site Supervision, Monitoring and Reporting8.7.1 Pre-Constructionphase

8 7 .2 Construction phase ,,,i ,, :

8.7.3 post - Construction phase . .ir8.7.4 Operation and Maintenance phase i

B.B Grievance Re_dress MechanismB.g^ Accident Response Mechanism during construction8.10 summary of Environmentar Mitigation-co.t and Benefit

Assessment8 i 1 Environmental Management and Monitoring plan

CIAPTER 9: CONCLUSTON AND RECOMMENDATTON

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9.1 Conclusion9.2 Recommendation

- S- OF TABLES

E:vironmental Study Requirements\

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Saiient Features of proposed Sub-project ComponentS-nirnar! of Estimated euantities of MaterialsRequired Key Plant and EquipmentsPiV.0 TSP, SO2, NO2, CO, and pb Measurementssummary of lmpact Matrix- physicar Environment (construction stage)Summary of lmpact Matrix- Biorogicar Environment (construction stage)summary of Impact Matrix- socio--economic Environment (Co;;tr;tion stage)Summary of Mitigation MatrixSummary of Mitigation Matrix and Benefit AssessmentEnvironmental Management plan (EMp)Compliance Monitoring planlmpact Monitoring plan

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.'1 Location of proposed solid waste Management and Landfill siteFigure 3.2 lndicative Map of Solid Waste Collection-pointFigure 3.3 Layout plan of the proposed Sanitary Landfill SiteFigure 3.4 North-south sectional profire of the proposed Landfilr SiteFigure 5.1 Geological profile of the Landfill SiteFigure 8.1 Environmentar Management organizationar structure

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Annex 5:

Annex 6:

Annex /:

Annex 8:

:::-:.=: :--s cf ,Reference

- - =: " s: ': - l: ectron of Baseline Environmentl-^ : 1-- ^ 1r^ ^^1,- -- _ ;--rorOl'l

=-: : l=:: :' =:quiry public Hearing Meeting

tr:: : :a-:s A:lendance public Hearing MeetingS --=- ^r D htia i^L, _ r __ _ vur-tsUltation Deliberation

R-."-=,...ation Letters from the Relevant Stakeholders

Waler Quaiity Test Results

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Abbreviations / Acronvms

Above Mean Sea Level

Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City

Convention on lnternational Trade for Endangered Species

District Development Committee

Defects Liability Period

Design and Supervision Consultant

Department of Urban Development and Building constructionExecuting Agency

Environment lmpact Assessment

Environmental Management plan

Environmental Protection Act

Environmental Protection Rules

Government of Nepal

lmplementing Agency

lnitial Environmental Examination

Kilometer

Meter

Square Meter

Cubic Meter

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

Ministry of Urban Development

Non Government Organization

Project Affected Peoples

Project Coordination Office

Project lmplementation Unit

Project Management and Support Consultant

Public Works Di rectives

secondary Towns lntegrated Urban Environment lmprovement project

Sanitary Landfill

Solid Waste Managementl

Terms of Reference

Village Deveiopment Committee

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PAPs

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PIU

PMSC

PWD

STIUEIP

SLF

SWM

ToR

VDC

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i, INTRODUCTION

' .', Background

--: -lepaftment of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC), under the.'- s:'.i cf Urban Development (MoUD), through the Government of Nepal, has received-:=^ 2550-NEP: Secondary Towns lntegrated Urban Environmental lmprovement Project:- -= P ct'the Project), from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). MoUD is the executing

=:.,^:; for the Project, working through DUDBC, and Birgunj municipality is the^- : . * e. irng ag encies (lAs).

: =-: e:: wil implement urban environmental improvement on an integrated basis-: *l ^l selverage and drainage, solid waste and urban roads and lanes in tfre Birgunj.a :r lt wiil also include.

' ::*-*i'ly development programs such as awareness-raising on health and hygiene;. : =, .cc'rce reuse. and recycle);

I. -. esirient in small-scale community facilities in the municipalities, and. :a:ac,ly strengthening of the municipalities and central government in the field of project* a-agement and operation.

--: ='3 331lvill be implemented over a five year period supported by the Asian Development=-.'' -.13t through'project loans. The EIA study covers the Solid Waste Management

:: ^3': cf ihe subproject with development of Sanitary Landfill at Ward 7 and 9 of ltiyahiI s^:ar:pur VDC respectively of Bara District for Birgunj Sub-metropolitan City.

= -;-^ S-c-Metropolitan City is Nepal's principal trade centre. The city has experienced-::: :'3','/tn especially in the past decade, due to migration to the city from peripheral

: s.':is and VDCs for security reasons. or other reasons such as for a better livelihood"^3'3 is consequently environmental deterioration resulting from inadequate sanitation and

:'a :lage, and mounting traffic congestion mainly in the main road leading to poor airquality^ ine city. The individual institutional efforls of both the sub-metropolis and sectorala3ericies in addressing these issues, has remained uncoordinated and grossly inadequate.

"losi of the fertile agricultural fields are rapidly converting into residential and commercial

a:eas. The eastern part of the sub-metropolis which lles in the flood-prone area of theSingaha River is also being changed to residential and commercial areas due to pressure ofan increase in the population in the sub-metropolitan city^ Most buildings are beingconstructed in Wards 18 and 19. The infrastructural facilities such as solid waste, roads,sewer and storm-water drains and water supply, need to be developed to match the currentrate of other development, which remains a ma.jor future concern.

Birgunj Sub-metropolitan City PIU STIUEIP as project proponent has engaged the Designand Supervision Consultant to undertake Detailed Engineering Survey, Design andConstruction Supervision fcr- improvement/development of Sanitary Landfill withinfrastructural facilities fcr' -anagement of solid waste for Birgunj City includingEnvironnnental Impact Assess*e:t preparation of contract document for execution of theconstruction work

1.2 Rationality for Conducting EIA

As per EPR 1997 anddevelopment of SanitarY

its subsequent amencn'lents, EIA is mandatory for the proposeo

Landfill as per clause oelaiis presented in Table 1'1'

Table Environmental Studv RequirementsEPR Clause,., , 1\lg,

Schedule 1,

l1 (a)

Schedule 1, l1(c)

EPR Clause,statement

Requires IEE for land filling of waste

ranging between 1000 - 5000 tons per

year whereas EIA for greater than 50CI

tons per Year.. Requires IEE for land filling covering

area between 5 to 10 ha.

The proposed sanitary iand filling process at proposed sanitary landfill in'10.76 ha land at

privately owned paddy land already acquired by the Municipality at ltiyahi and Bishrarnpur

VDC of Bara District for Birgunj Municipality exceeds the required threshold value as the

solid waste generation is estimated at around 12,228 tons per year at year 2016 and total

solid waste of 254,312 tons will be filled in the land fill cells area of 4.92ha during its 15

years life span i.e. year 2030 (DSC design reporl). Thus it exceeds the threshold value for

rate of land filling as well as landfilling area requiring EIA study.

Subsequently the EPR emPowers the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

(MoSTE) to aPProve the EIA rePort.

the requirements of the EPR Clause

1.3 Objectives of EIA StudY

The primary objective of the EIA is to assess and inform decision makers about the potential

environmental impacts of the proposed project and to suggest appropriate and pragmatic

mitigation measures to mitigate and / or'minimize theradverse impacts so that the Project

can be implemented in an environment friendly manner'

The specific objective of the EIA are:

. to document important physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline

conditions of the subProject area;

This EIA report has been prepared in accordance with

7, 10 and Schedule 1 ,2, 4, and 6.

and beneficial environmental impacts of theduration during the proiect construction and

. to identify, predict and assess the adverseproject in terms of magnitude, extent and

operation phases;

. to suggest mitigation measures for the adverse

beneficial imPacts;

impacts and enhancement measures for

. to familiarize various stakeholders with EIA outcomes through public consultation and

participation progiu*s and to incorporate their relevant ccncerns and issues in EIA

report;

. to prepare environmental management' monitoring and audi:rng clans' and

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. to provide sufficient information to decision makers aoc;: ixeiy consequences of theproject due to its implementation to make the finai cecisicn for the approval of theproject.

1.4 The Project Proponent

Proiect I mplementation Aqencv

3irgunj Sub-Metropolitan CityDrcject lmplementation Unit (PlU)Secondary Towns lntegrated Urban Environment lmprovement Project (STIUEIP)3irgunj Parsa, NepalTelephone'. +977 5'1 5321 86

=acsimile: +977 51521220

=-mail: stiueip. [email protected]

Proiect Execution Aqencv

ilinistry of Urban Development (MoUD)

Cc-ordination, Monitorinq and lmplementation

--e Project Coordination Office (PCO) in Deparlment of Urban Development and Buildingl:-siruction (DUDBC) is responsible for overall coordination, monitoring and*c ernentation of STIUEIP assisted by the Project Management Support Consultants

1.5 Organization Responsible for Carrying out the Study

The EIA study for lmprovement/Development of Sanitary Landfill for solid wastemanagement component of Birgunj Sub-metropolitan City under Secondary Townslntegrated Urban Environment lmprorlement Project (STIUEIP) has been prepared by theproponent through its Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) "SMEC lnternational PtyLto., Australia in association with Brisbane City Enterprises Pty Ltd, Australia, CEMATConsultants (P) Ltd., Nepal and Building Design Authority Nepal". The Ministry of Science,Technology and Environment (MoSTE) is the concerned authority for the approval of theScoping, ToR and EIA study report.

1.6 Hospital Waste

It is to be noted that the proposed Sanitary Landfill Site is meant for the disposal of MunicipalWastes only and Hospital Wastes I Nazardous Wastes shail not be entertained in the LandfillSite.

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2' Methodology '"$=r-eâ;55er-

The overall procedure followed for this study is as briefed below which follows EPA and EPR'1997 and as amended (1999 &2007). The EIA is prepared in compliance with other GONlegislation, based on field studies and consultation with local people and officials of VDC,DDC, and Municipality.

2,1 Study Team

T'e FIA Study team comprised of following key professionalfrom multi disciplinary field.

2.2 Project lmpact Area Delineation

-J-'e suboroject impact area for the EIA study has been divided into two parts on the basis oforcximity and magnitude of the impact. They are "core subproject area" and the "surroundingareas' likely to be affected by the construction and operation of the proposed project. Thecore sub-project area and surrounding areas are as defined below.

Core Sub-proiect Area

The core subproject area delineates area occupied by the project structures, facilities, wastecollection and transportation areas as well as the area that will be impacted due to theconstruction and operation of the project and fenced off for safeguarding of variousstructures and facilities as well as the permanently acquired area by the project. The "coresubproject area" includes areas occupied by the proposed Landfill site at Ward 7 and Ward 9of ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC respectively of Bara District and Birgunj Sub-metropolitanCity area of Parsa District where collection and transportation of waste is carried outincluding area covering Ward 7 and Ward 9 of ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC. These area isalso defined as "Direct lmoact Zone".

Surroundinq Area

"surrounding area" indicates a greater area, which will directly or indirectly be influenced by

the implementation of the pro;ect These area includes Boundary of Birgunj Sub-metropolitanarea of Parsa District anc itiyani and Bishrampur VDC of Bara District where no projectstructure and facilities are loca:eci These area is also defined as "lndirect lmpact Zone'. The

iI

Name/Positioh1 in, EIA::Study Team Area(s) ,Sfudy i.['EIA

',': Nagendra Jha / Team LeaderISC-STIUEtP-Birgunj

M.E. Civil Engineering /SanitationB.E. Civil Enqineerinq

Overail Design andSupervision TeamLeader

i.i' Sarad Raj Shrestha /Environmental Specialist (ElA Study-eani Leader)

M.Sc. in EnvironmentalEngineeringB.Sc. Civil Enqineerinq

EIA Study and ReportPreparation

',1' Ricardo Mate Miranda / Solid,', 3s:e l./anagement Specialist-:e'^ a:icnal)

B.Sc. CE, B.Sc. SE, MSc. PublicHealth

Engineering Design ofSanitary Landfill Site

','- 3,a-resh Kaji Tuladhar / Solid" ::': Inînaar

M.Sc. in Civil Engineering Engineering Design ofSanitarv Landfill Site

::', Kunrar Bajracharya /Develcpment Specialist

M"A. Political Science (SocialScience)

Socio-economic andCultural Environment

administrative boundary of Birgunj suc--='-':::'.2' z'ea of parsa District covers 8 km North

to South (Gandak canai to boarder a'ea z': : '* East

river). i(Singaha river to Sirsiya

2.3 Methods

2.3.1 Desk Study _ ,, l-.

All relevant literature, design reports, maps a',c c:.er required information was coliected and

reviewed during desk study including avariaoie secondary data's of the project area. The

environmental statutory legal provisions were also reviewed in addition to EIA manuals andguidelines, the EIA Scoping Document, approved ToR and Detailed Project Report whichformed the basis for project study requirement 'ooth at desk level and field level. Publishedand unpubtished literatures of the project area were collected from various sources and

reviewed delineating coverage of the studies and data requirement during the fieldstudies/visit to fulfilt the gap in the EIA document. Approved ToR is presented in Annex 1.

Coordination was made with the design engineers about project location, design layout,project construction and operation modality aspects, and different activities in the project

construction and operation. Various alternative options pertaining to design, technology,procedure of operation was also discussed for the selection of best alternatives.

This study guided for the development of checklists for depiction of data's and information on

various environmental aspects during field survey and investigation so as to fulfil the TOR

objectives. Detailed discussions were also held among the experts team on the field visit and

methodology to obtain the required database for the evaluation of impact.

2.3.2 Field Study

A group of multidisciplinary team of experts comprising of DSC Team Leader, Environmental

Specialist, Waste Management Specialist (international), Solid Waste Engineer (national),

Ecologist and Social Development Specialist including Surveyors and Enumerators have

been involved in the field study. The group collected existing baseline information about the

project.

lnformation on physical, cultural, chemical, biological and social conditions of the project's

direct and indirect impacts was collected. The information on different environmental

components collected is as detailed below.

Physicat Environment; Detailed field investigations along the proposed project components

were done and baseline information was collected on physical environment. The checklist

used for collection of physical environment is kept in Annex 2. Topographic features, land

use, soil type were observed and recoi'ded. Hydrological behaviours and drainage

characteristics of the Singaha river and geolcgical characteristics of the project area was

documented.

Culturat Environmenf; Cultural. archaeclcE:cai hrstorical and religious sites within the

project area were observed by using cnec( s:s as presented in Annex 2. Direct observatlon

methods were used for the stuc.v cf c-r:,'a : :e^',pies Manes, festival sites and cremation

sites), historical and archaeologica s:=s ,',:- ^:^- :roject affected areas. lnformationon the

local culture was collected by focus J':-: : s:-ss ors (cultural practices, traditions, and its

significance).

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Chemicat Environmenf; A sample checklist was used tA,gp:*:fi.?lElabase on chemicalervironment which is presented'in Annex 2. The data's were coi;ebled by direct observation':' air and noise qua.tity; direct observation and laboratory analysis for water quality on watersa*cle collected from Singaha river at two location (U/S and D/S of Landfill site) and ground,'. a:er from nearby tube well. The water Quality test results are kept in Annex 8. Besides. air,^: se. water and solid waste information were also noted from discussions with local people.

Biological Environment: Survey and interviews were undertaken with the local people in

:ê orcject area for the cotlection of information on flora and fauna of the project area using:::as"eet and questionnaires as given in Annex 2. The consultants and the local people

: sr,ssec about possible impacts on the biological environment by the proposal and their- : :a: ol measures.

Sccio-economic Environmenf: The methods and tools used to collect the information on

S:::-eoorcrntc and Cultural Environment of the proposed project area is Focus GroupI -.:-ss c: (FGD) The practices of Focus Group Discussions were exercised in the affected, I ls Tne participants for the group discussions were mainly local people residing near to:':::seC landfill site including farmels, workers, teachers, politicians, and businessman.-^s ' aitendance and issues raised/response is given in Annex 3.

-ê s:udy did not require any survey for affected household as there do not exist any^:*sehcid within the project site. The nearby settlement is located far beyond 500 metersi'^-:ê oroposed site and the proposed landfill site area is owned by the Birgunj','-- : :aiily The nearest settlement is Birgunj Ward 19 which is around 1.5 km west of the: -:::seC site. The socio-economic data has been drawn from CBS 2011.

2.3.3 lmpact Analysis

: :-3 caseline information on environment of the project area and all the environmental:3'a-eiers of the project were first assembled and examined using various methods and::o s o' the project activities in different steps of project development. The National EIAG- celine format was used and the impacts have been categorized as direct and indirect-cacts. Each of the direct and indirect impacts has further been evaluated in terms ofExtent (site specific, local and regional); Duration (short term, medium term and long term);arc Magnitude (low, medium and high) based on conditions of the environmental parametera: cresent, estimated and projected damage of the project. But the magnitude of impacts asg:ven in National EIA Guidelines has not been used as the system is not suitable to present::e existing status and the reversibility of the overall impact.

2,3.4 Public Hearing

Public hearing/consultation meeting was conducted on December 21,2013 (Paush 6,2070)and presentation was made on findings of the EIA study to the stakeholders and gatheredtheir opinions, suggestions and comments. A notice for the publlc hearing was published inthe Kantipur Daily newspaper with the date of first publication December 11 , 2013 (Mangsir26,2070) and posting of notice was made at each of the affected VDC offices, Municipality,DDC, schools, health posts and other public places to inform the local people. Notice forPublic Hearing and Public Deed of Enquiry (Muchulka) of the notice is kept in Annex 4.

Around 60 local people were present in the meeting held at Shree Nepal RastriyaMadhyamikVidhyalaya, Nagwa. Ward No. 19, Birgunj, Parsa. The detail of attendanceof theparticipants in the public hearing is kept in Annex 5. A number of local area representativeexpressed their views and ccnrnrents on the project. Comments and suggestions on the EIArepoft were received from the 'ccal people of the area. The public consultation deliberation,

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suggestions and comments is surnra-z=: a-: given in Annex 6 of this reporl.Recommendation letters received from the r'c i,i't s:akeholders is kept in Annex 7.

:

2.3.5 Public Notice for Finalization of EIA Study Report

At the final stage of EIA Study, a Public Notice cf 3C ciays duration was given in a national

daily newspaper by Ministry of Science. Technolcgy and Environment (MoSTE) requesting

individual or institutional stakeholders to proviie tne:r comments on the EIA report. Copies of

the EIA reporl was displayed at the projecl sites as well as at different public places

including some relevant libraries.

2.3.6 Finalization of EIA Report

The final EIA report was prepared upon incorporating comments received from the relevant

stakeholders and EIA review committee members present during final presentation of the

EtA report on September 03, 2014 al MoSTE.4{

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3.1 Projeci -ocatio-, and Existing sorid waste Management practice

3.1,1 Project Loca:ion

The prooose: Sa-::'.' -:-:' S:e for solid waste Management of Birgunj Municipality liesin lilya:r arc 3 s--a*: -' .:a ,','arci No. 7 and g re;pectively of Bara District in centralDevelcprneni Rsg l^ :'''.=.a -ie singaha riverllocated on t'he western boundary of theproposed sanita'" 'a'c' s:e:otches ward No. 19 of Birgunj sub-metropolitan city. Theproposed sanitary La-c' s:=;s linked with an existing gravel road from ward No. 1g ofBirgunj rhe locaiio: :i c'oc:sec solid *rrt" *rr.g.r.n, and Iandfill site is indicated inFigure 3.1.

The swM componeni wili accpt an integrated approach for solid waste management, withreview and improvement of tne entire system from segregation and collection, through 3Rincluding focus on compostrng of organic waste, to transportation and final disposal at thesanitary landfill' and thus include procurement of necessary equipment and vehicles and theconstruction of a sanitary landfill site. Preliminary assessment has been made about thepotential for utilizing the clean Development Mechanism (cDM) for composting, and furtherstudies will be undertaken during the detailed design stage.

3'1'2 waste Generation Rates and waste volume projections (Flousehold,Commerciat, lnstitutionat, Street Sweepings)

The waste generation rate used in the detailed design is 0.35 kg/cap/day starting in 2011 astne base population year for planning. This,figurJ is-an average amount for the wholemunicipality and includes pre-collection recyclin-g ano composting from the waste stream.Population at2Q1'1 of 135,904 was proiected to ylar 2030 with base year 2016 as planningperiod' This average generation rater includes only the wastes arising from households,commercial and institutional establishments, and street sweepings. Health care waste datawere not available during the detailed design stage. A separate study should be penformedand a separate calculation performed when BSMC addresses the problem of health carewaste management as ultimately this becomes a problem for BMSC. lndustrial wastes are

,ffi::lffluded in the design and are bv law the responsibility of the waste generators

The bulk density of 0'320 kg/l or 320 kg/m3 was used for projecting the trucked or collectedvolume of un-compacted wastes generated from Birgunj. However, the level of collectionservice was found to range only between 35% to 40% based on collection data obtainedfrom the sanitation Department for 3 months. calculations of waste volumes were perforrnedto estimate the indicative quantities of municipal solid waste that need to be collected anddisposed of rhese quantities are calculated from the point of generation. waste collectiondata for 3 months by BMSC Sanitation deparlment was compiled and analyzed to cross-check and verify the volume estimates at the points of collection by collection vehicles and atthe point of disposal at the existing open dumps, temporary dumpsites and fill areas usingmunicipal solid waste.

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Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan CityParsa District

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3.1.3 Waste Characterization and Composition

ln Birgunj, the waste collection and sweeping services reach only about 30% to 40% of themunicipality. There is no organized door-to-door collection system as yet, and 78o/o of thehouseholds still dispose of theirwaste in public places. Only'10.5% of households used fixedplaces or containers. From the community surveys, people view solid waste management asboth their 1't and 2no priority. The existing waste generation and composition obtained fromofficial documents of Solid Waste Management Resource Management Center (SWMRMC)updated during the year 2011 is as follows:

Waste Composition

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Orqanic 5'1.09lnert 25.08 tMetal 0.16Paoer 6.55Glass 1.66Plastic 10.14Textile 4.65Rubber 0Others o

Survey data from 201'1 indicated a per-capita waste generation of 0.35 kg/cap/day asmunicipal average with a bulk of 0.323 kgil for Birgunj Sub-metropolish (ADB TA 7355-NEP,lnstitutional Strengthening of Municipalities, Final Report). Therefore, for a projectedpopulation of 135,904 in 2011, the total municipal waste generation is estimated at47.57tonnes/day.

During detail survey and design, the Bulk Density of solid waste is assumed at 320 kgim3and the total existing solid waste generation for Birgunj is estimated at 56.609 tons/day fordesign year 2016. With the proposed coverage of 60%, estimated solid waste generation forbase year 20'16 is estimated at 33.965 tons/day and the residual waste reaching landfill cellsis estimated al 23.775 tons/day (12,228 tons/year) [source detail desrgrn repoft]. Thus thesolid waste generation is estimated at around 12,228 tons per year at year 2016 and totalsolid waste of 254,312 tons will be filled in the landfill cells during its 15 years life span i.e.year 2030 (DSC design report). The census of 2011 officially establishes the population of all19 wards at'135,904 with annual groMh rate of 1.91%.

3.1.4 Existing Waste Collection Service

The Birgunj Municipality crovices waste collection service in all 19 wards with two tippersand 8 tractors{railers The senuice is provided at two levels, one is the central-level serviceand other is ward-level sen,,ce Ai the central-level service, the Municipality controls themain routes namely: Roac Nc 1 Rcad No. 2 and Road No. 3 with two tippers and deploying290 cleaning staffs for stiee: s,,,,eecing. The existing collection routes are.

. Road No. 1. Bhania'3-c;,. R.a'ai Jayanti Chowt</By-Pass Road junction, Masjid RoadChowk, Birta Mar^c - C-:,',< is<halia Chowk, Ghantaghar Chowk, National TradingChowk, and Powe.^3-s:

. Road No. 2: Bina i,'a-=' 1-:,',< Bifia Bazar Chowk, Ganeshman Chowk, LoharpattiChowk and Ghan:a:*2- l-.;,.

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. Road No. 3: Ganes--=- S owk, Reshamkothi Chowk and Link Road.

Ten open dump collection points in route no, 1. srx corection points in route no. 2 and 6collection poinis in route no 3 aie placed for iernporary dumping of road side collectedwaste.

ln the ward-level service, each ward office carries the cieaning work within ward boundariesupon their own management. The tractors are provided by Municipality in alternative days to

collect and dispose the waste. ln addition to routine alternative days, Municipality provides

tractor upon call by ward particularly in the time of local festivities. ln general 2 tippers do 10

trips per 2 shifts per day in core area whereas 8 tractors perform 16 to 20 trips daily in innerand outer core area. It is known to be operating private service under PPP program in ward

no. 10, parl of ward no. 15 and some cluster of ward no. 6 in Kumal Tole. The Municipatityhas supporled them with rickshaw and manpower.

The total number of collection points identified is 37 in respective wards of the Birgunj

Municipality which are as detailed below.

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2 Cp No. 28,29,30 and 32. Two CP are located in Tribhuvan Highway and in front ofShree Ram hall. One at entry point of Doctor's colony and another in Ghusukpur Mainroad/railwav line.

J CP NoJ3 and 4. Cp eS is located in front of Aadalat Quarier building opposite roadsideof Udyogh Banijya Sangh and CP4 is located beside footpath of Narayani HospitalChowk.

4 CP No. 5 located at intersection of Birta Bazaar Chowk towards Birta Link road.( ffisearelocatedinfrontofKawadigatebetweenKanyaSchooland

Ganesh Man Chowk.6 CP Nb-6 15 located in Ganesh Man Chowk and is common service point of three wards

naming 4,5 and 6. Most of the settlements of these wards are not accessible by large

vehicles, tractor and tipper. So waste is collected by hand cart in inner area and bringswaste io collection point where tractor comes.Cp No. 2.26, 8 and 37. CP 37 is located in Chirinjibi Mill Chowk Road No. 3 which is

boundary of all four wards (9,6,7 and 11). CP 7 is located at boundaries of wards 7(north) and 6 (south) demarcated by Drainage Canal and CP 8 in road no. 2 oppositecolleoe and secondarv schoolcompound. CP 26 is located as shown in the map.

I CP t\l(} 9, '32 and 35. CP 9 is located beside culvert between Kailas road and JameMasjid, CP 32 in front of Himalayan Bank and CP 35 located in Maisthan temple in Road

No.2.o CP No. 16 is located near poverty cluster in railway road10 ffiearelocatedinMaanhbeshpuMandirareaancincowyard

area near Birquni Ratri Madhvamic school11 CP Nto^36JTand 11. CP 12 is located beside the wall of Telecom office, CP 11 at

junction of vegetable market where market building stall is under construction, and CP 36

is located in road no. 3 at Gahawa Tole.12 Cp tlo iZ (private) and 19. CP 19 is located near CDO office and Schooljunction area.

cP 17 is located beside the sate of Gopal Mandali (Marwadi sewa tt!!!ite!sn)._'13 Cp Nlo.10 and ia. Cp '10 is located in Ghdiharwa tole in front of Narayani Boarding

SchoolandKumariChowk.CP1Bislocatedbesidewallofp@14 CP Nol0 and 21. CP2O is located nearAgriculture Research Centre office and CP 21

oooosite of school qate in Shreepur where sewer manhole extsts.

15 Cp NIc-2,3 and 1 eP 1 located at north of Suresh Oil, CP 2 nearby department of

medicine manaqement and CP 3 near Murli Chowk.'16 Cp trlo. ZZwhich is located atcentre of highway in Trimurti CineI!e lalLt!gv/&tt ffiislocatedbesidesha|lowwelIinThuIoPipraroadwhere

handcart used to park after daily work and CP 23 is locaed opposite of Sugar Mill in

Sano Pipra. The Sugar Mill was closed down since iO years ago and the land is

occupied bv Armed Police Force officeto CP No. 25 is located in Laxmanwa Gaon.

19 No collection point in Ward No. '19.

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3.1,5 Temporary Disposal Sitesa\

.^^:,:.:l:,ilt:9:11:: sx temporary.du.mpsites idenrrfie*.*,*;*rrjtiiere are unknown sitesi:llt^tîl_::y"Irl,other.rfr:ppftg.q afe_as in the Municibatity. There are no permanent;'*psites under control,of Municipality. All the identlfieC areas are lowland areas owned by:'i,aie parties and river banks.

' Murli Pond Dr'rmpsite: The pond area is located in Ward No. 1b. The dump site haveceen used since 10 days as of February 14,2013. tt is reporled that the community has'equested the Municipality to raise the lowland area to the level of road. Waste fromward No. 17, 1s, 16,'10, and 1g (some part) is being disposed off here.

' iidalat Disposal Site: This site previously being used as dumpsite is located close to thecridge bordering with Ramgadwa VDC and Municipality Ward No. 6. The site has been-sed despite oppose from neighborhood. Sirsiya river separates the VDC andr,,4unicipality area.

' Custom Office Dumpsite. The site is located near Custom office in Wardnaruwa. one is at side of rribhuvan Highway and another at south whereilospital building is being built.

No. 19 atKedia Eye

' Sirsiva Dumpsite. The site is along Sirsiya river bank beginning from pashupatinagar to:re bridge that links to lndia Rakswol border. This is the major dumping site being usedcy the Municipality. The local is now opposing the act of dumping now.

' R'aniqhat Dumpsite. The site is located in Nayabasti at the bank of sirsiya river in WardNo 13 lt is reported that Municipal tractors or tippers bring nearly 2 trips of waste from\,n/ard No. 13, 12 and part of ward No. 14 to dispose in this site.' Pond Dumpsite: The site is located at turning point from main road to Thulo pipra. The

iand is known to be a pond below road level.

3'1.6 Private contract Arrangement on solid waste ManagementUnder the support of PPPUE program of UNDP in Nepal, and as a new model for privatesector involvement in rendering municipal- services, Birgunj Sub-metropolis has recenly(since September,2oll) contracted its SWM service in cire areas of ward nos. 10 and 15for a period of 5 years to a local NGo catled "sthaniya Agrasarta git<asn SahayogKaryakram (LIDS)". The sub-metropolis sets its objective of exteniing swrMl;rvice with thisconcept in other wards too in near future, if it proves viable aftei close monitoring andevaluation of the private sector,s performance.

3.1.7 Hospital Waste Management

There is no proper system of managing hospital waste in Birgunj Municipality. There are fourbig hospitals (Kedia.Eye hospital. Nirayani hospital, Maternily hospital and krishna hospital)and many private clinics. The hospital wastes are getting mixed wiih municipal waste. lt wasnoted that clinical waste is belng dumped in colleciion piint no. 4 located beside footpath ofNarayani Hospital in Ward No 3 ln this site, waste ior., from wards and two hospitalsnamely Kedial Eye hospital Narayani hospital. All the hospitals has no own system ofmanagement of hospital wasle Recently, it is learned that Narayani hospital is currenlydisposing theirwaste in custcr c*rce located in Ward No. lg nearto lndia border.

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3.1.8 Organizational Structure and Staffing r'

ln the municipal organizational structure, staffing of sectioniidnd eVen of sub-sections with

respective job des-criptions remains mostly uncle_ar According to the current municipal

organizational char1, iwo units (i.e. Solid Waste Collection Sub-section and Solid Waste

Diiposal Sub-section) are direcily responsible for total solid waste management in the Sub-

meiropolis. These sub-sections are organized under "sanitation Section" of the

"Environment and Sanitation Division".

Equipment / vehicles possessed by the Sub-metropolis for regular Sotid Waste collection

and disposal service and other sanitation / construction works includes Handcardts (40

nos.), Tricycle (14 nos.), Tractor trailer (14 nos., 3m3 capacity), Tractor trailer (14 nos., 4 m3

capacity), Tipper (6 m3 capacity), Back hoe loader (1 no.) and Suction Tanker (2 nos', 3 m3

cap). Among these all are in operating condition except for one Suction tanker though in high

demand.

3.1.9 Financial AsPect

Annual expenditure of the Sub-metropolis in solid waste management service in the last

fiscal year 2o1)t11 was reported to be 57.75 million NPR, and the expenditure in the current

fiscal year is projected at 5g.02 million NPR (2.2% higher compared to the last fiscal year).

This expenditure seems to be very high for the coverage and quality of the service being

provided. Expenditure analysis of the last fiscal year shows that 65.2% of the total amount is

expended in salary, 23.8% in allowances and other benefits, 6.2% in fuel and lubricants,

6.2o/o in repair & maintenance of equipmenUvehicles, 1.3% in clothes/dresses for sweepers,

and 0.g% in purchasing small equipment and tools (e.g. brooms, shovels, disinfecting

materials etc.). lt is however to be noted that there has been negligible revenue collection

from the SWM service rendered by; the Sub-metropolis, except that from septic tanks

cleaning service.

3.2 Proposed lntegrated solid waste Management System

The proposed Solid Waste Management (SWM) system is based on the integrated solid

waste management principle including the 3 Rs (Reduce, Recycle and Re-use) that covers

not only the final disposal facility at the sanitary landfill site but the equally important aspects

of waste minimization and reduction at the source, segregation and separation for waste

recovery, storage, transfer, segregated collection, recycling, composting, waste processing

and final residual waste disposal. The system design is for the households and the wards to

be involved in all the management aspects of the solid waste stream. All elements will be

acting as a coordinated and integrated whole with the aim of preventing and mitigating

environmental pollution, causing minimum environmental impact and protecting public

health. The system design is for-a planning period of 15 years'

Massive awareness campaign and training will be launched for the development of waste

minimization and reducticn eifcns for household as well as for the wards. The key to itssuccess is the commitn e.,t cf the Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City Ieadership to good

governance and exercis;^g :ê oolitical will to enforce the newly revitalized Solid Waste

Management Act. The l(GOs arc the social mobilizers of the project such as the "Tole"

organization will also ?e: e '.:a 'ce in the success of the integrated system'

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3.2.1 Waste Segregation, storage and volume Reduction at source

The concept of volume reduction at the source shall be tne first priority to be promoted by

the solid waste management organization that is proposec to be established in the wards of

Birgunj. Under the leadership of the City, all wards shail embark on a massive community

awareness campaign (information, education and communication) and actively promote the

reduction, recycling and reuse (3Rs) and minimization of wastes generated at the source.

Responsibility for sorling and segregation of biodegradaole and non-biodegradable wastes

shall be at the household level, business, commercial. industrial and institutional centers,

and in all other point source of solid wastes.

3.2.2 Waste Collection, Transport and Disposal at Sanitary Landfill

The objective is to organize and prepare a schedule that will collect, transport and dispose

soiid waste at Sanitary Landfill. Waste collection point has been established at designated

locations (improved existing 32 collection points) and transpod routes established to

increase the present collection service of the fleet of vehicles and trailers and target a

collection service of 60%. The assessment of road conditions and coordinating new routes

with municipality will be a priority activity to increase collection service.

The collection efforts will be coordinated with the ward leaders, the households and the

'.,"t1OO. who are working on the 3Rs as this would ddcrease their load and increase their

,t efficiency. The concertld efforts are targeted to minrmrze waste generation and reduce

waste at the source or at the points of generation.

Wards shall be made organized to be responsible for the collection, segregation, recycling of

biodegradable, recyclable, compostable and reusable wastes. The resulting residual wastes

shall then be transferred to the waste resource processing center for composting and

recycling at the Sanitary Landfill Site. Referring to 3R concept, 30% of the collection service

is the targeted waste diversion for the households to practice waste reduction at pre-

collection stage. The households are encouraged to reduce their waste and handle by way

of backyard composting and reuse or redemption of recyclables. This amount is allocated to

the households for waste reduction by intended waste diversion. Success will be dependent

on the cooperation of the households on this activity.

Vehicles used for collection and transport of solid wastes shall have appropriate

compartments to facilitate efficient storing of sorted wastes while in transit. The waste

compartment shall have a cover to ensure the secure containment of solid wastes while in

transit.

The City,s waste collection vehicles coming from different wards of Birgunj shall bring the

segregated recyclable wastes into the waste resources processing centre in the Sanitary

Landfill site. Furlher the recyclables will be sorted and biodegradable will be separated that

will go for composting. The remaining waste will then be dumped in designated landfill cells

in a sanitary manner with daily cover of waste, proper management of leachate and gas.

The following is recommended for

system.

the collection, transport and handling of solid waste

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A.ll collectors and other personnel directly dealirg ,',:' :l eciron of solid waste shall be

equipped with personal protective equipment anc c?'2.'-:?,a ia such as, but not limitedto gloves, masks and safety boots, to protecr ire- "oli hazards of handling solidwastes.

The City or at the wards level shall provide necessary iraining to the collectors and

oersonnel to ensure that the solid wastes are hand eo prcperly in accordance with thecity's solid waste guidelines.

Collectton of solid waste shall be done in a manner that prevents damage to theccntainer and spillage or scattering of solid waste within the collection vicinity.

Collection equipment e.g. tractor trailers, trucks. etc. shall be maintained in goodcondition and kept clean to prevent the harboring of vectors and the creation ofluisances.The use of separate collection schedules and/or separate trucks or haulers shatl be:equii-ed for specific types of wastes. Otherwise, vehicles used for the collection andiransport of solid wastes shall have appropriate compartments to facilitate efficientstoring of sorted wastes while in transit. The waste compartment shall have a cover toensure the secure containment of solid wastes while in transit.Vehicles shall be designed to consider road size, condition and capacity to ensure thesafe and efficient collection and transport of solid wastes.

. For the purpose of identificaiion, vehicies (tippers, tractorhandcarts) shall bear the identiflcation/body number, the name,the contractor/agency collecting solid waste.

3.2.3 Proposed Sanitary Landfill Site

trailers, rickshaand telephone n

&-=, uiaThe proposed subproject includes Solid Waste Resource Processing Facility and SanitdiyLandfill to be developed on a 10.76 paddy land owned by the Birgunj Municipality at ltiyahiand Bishrampur VDC in Bara District, east of the Singaha River. The proposed SWM systemincludes waste collection from designated location and direct transportation to the sanitarylandfill, construction / improvement of access road to the waste processing centre,development of buffet zone, landfill cells, administratlon facilities, composting facilities,receiving facilities, and parking areas, etc.

The sanitary landfill site consists of a complex of the following solid waste managementfunctions:

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Waste reception, busrness offrce and clearance for entry into sanitary landfill site.Composting Centre for a '1-2 ionne pilot compost manufacturing facility.Waste resource processing center for managing recyclable waste for storage and linkingthe products after lrght or-ocessrng with buyers, consolidators and junk shops.

Landfill cells area for the ceocsition of residual wastes in a properly engineered manner.

Workshops and servrce ce':er-for servicing of landfill equipments and washing/servicingof the collection vehicres a^c e cuipments.Leachate collection a.c :'ea:-ent system for ensuring that the groundwater table is notcontaminated by ,ea:^ =::Waste stabilization c3':s ,-3 :eachate treatment plant system for ensuring treatment ofleachate as per Neca e-,.-: or stream standards priorto release into Singaha River.

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3.2.4 Salient Feature of the proposed Sanitary Landfill Site

Table 3.1: Salient Features of Proposed Sub-project Component

A. General

1. Project Name

2. Sub-Project

3. Location

4. Nearest Settlement fromproposed SLF

5. Accessibility

6. TotalArea Covered bySLF

7. Coverage of Birgunj

Municipality

7. Topography, Land Useand Ownership of SLFSite

8. Total Life Span of SLF

9 Sur-face ano GroundWater

320 kg/m3 (Loose)

Anaerobic Sanitary Landfiil System

B. Solid Waste Generation and LandfillCells

1. Total existing Solid Waste : 56.609 tons/day (estimated for base year 2016)Design Generation Rate

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Solid Waste,DesignGeneration Rate withiproposed coverage of600k.'

Bulk Density Considered

Type of SLF

Landfill Cells AreaE-+i-^+^,{ D^^:,{,,^t \Ar^^+^LOLIil TOLEU l\ESlUUat V VdDLU

going to Landfill Cells

Total Capacity of SLFCells Area

: 33.965 tons/day (estimated for base yea

Secondary Towns inlegrated Urban Environment lmprovementProject (STIUEIP) - Birgunj

Sanitary Landfill (SLF) Development for Solid WasieManagement of Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City

Ward No. 7 of ltiyahi and Ward No. 9 of BishrampurVDC ofBara District. Collection and transportation of solid waste fromBirgunj Sub-Metropolitan City (BMSC), Parsa District. Theproposed SLF is around 3km south east from the Birgunj corearea (Ghantaghar)

Mushharwa in Bishrampur VDC around 2 km Easi of SLF;

Itiyahi setttement around 2 km North-East of SLF, and NagwaWard No. 19 of Birgunj Municipality around 1 km West of SLF.

SLF is linked with existing Gravel Road of around 1 km lengthfrom Nagwa, Birgunj Municipality.

10.76 ha

8 km North to South (Gandak canal to boarder area) and 4 km

East to West (Singaha river to Sirsiya river).

Terai plain, paddy land with sparse vegetation owned by BMSC

15 years beginning from year 2016 to 2030

Singaha river flows from North to South along the western edgeof SLF which also forrns boundary of Bara and Parsa District"

20 years flood level is measured at 79.486m. Ground watertable at Western part of SLF varies between 4.25 lo 3.75m

below ground level whereas Eastern part possesses 2.50mbelow GL.

4.92 ha

23.775 tons/day (12,228 tons/year). Estimaied for base year2016.

254,312 tons of Residual Solrcj Waste including cover material

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Land Filling Method :

Leachate and Gas Management

Bottom Liner System :

including over EmbankedWaste Storage Dam

Leachate Collection :

Area method of la^:' ^3 ex:ending up to around 1Bm heightwith 1:4 side slopes .a.''rg eanhen waste retaining dam at thetoe of the fill all a:c--: a-c', I cells

Composite of imporied red clay layer and geomembrane(HDPE sheet liners).

Blanket leachate collection and recovery layer (granularmaterial covered with geotextile is designed to drain into acollection drain (perforated Pipe).

Biological process consisting of series of ponds i.e. Leachatewill pass through anaerobic, facultative and maturation pondsprior disposal to river body.

\flill be operational throughout post-closure period.

Consists of collection wells and a flaring station. Flaring stationwill be operated throughout the post-closure period.

Waste materials shall normally be deposited at the toe of thefill. For practical purposes, the working area has been set at1.5m high cell lifts with 6 meter widths and 20 meter length foreach working day after which daily cover of clayey material willbe applied.

Solid waste will be spread and compacted in layers withrepeated passages of the landfill equipment to minimize voidswithin the cell and maximize compaction. The loose layer shallnot exceed a depth approximately 0.60m before compaction.

Surface water drainage benches have been laid out at verticalintervals on the side slopes up to the final landfill height. Bermshave been provided on the top cap to divert water to collectionditches and down drains to transport water off the cap.

The cover design is based on locally availablevegetative/protective cover layer and a drainage layer overlyinga low permeability infiltration barrier. At closure, the cover isplanned for seeding as necessary to promote re-vegetation tominimize erosion and potential e to the cap.

D,

Leachate Treatment

Leachate l/lanagement

Gas Management

SLF Operational Plan

Operational Procedure

Spreading and Laying ofSolid Waste

3. Drainage Management ofSLF Cells

Final Cover

E. Asso.'ciated" I nfrastructu re

1. Access ioad'2. Bridge over Singaha River

3. lnternal Access Road

4. Office and Training Centre

5. Waste Segregation andComposting Yard

Approximate 2.0 km

12 m span

1.585 km

177.412 mz

Area: 2368.19 m2

Consists of a receiving office area, material separation yard,two composting machines with hammermiils orshredder,windrow compost piles and transfer sheds for aeration andmaturation into compost.

Not proposed

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Staff Quarters

7. Parking Area

B. WorkshopA/ehicle Washand Maintenance Yard

9. Weighbridge

10. BoundaryProtection

11. Guard House

12. Buffer Strip

13. Drainage System

F. Total Costs

1. Total Estimated Project

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2. Environmental MitigationEstimated Cost

3. Percentage ofEnvironmental Cost toProject Cost

". 511.054 m2

'. 395.214 m2

: 56m2

: Chain link fence ali arc;rc vvirh main entrance iron gate.

Total Length: '1375 m

: 35.716 m2

. Tree Plantation covering 15 m strip all around the proposed

site.

: 1700 m

. NRs. 479,992,077.27

: NRs. 11,226,270.00

'. 2.340/o

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The Layout Plan of the proposed sanitary landfill is presented in Figure 3.3. All the designdrawings of the above features have been prepared and were used in the cost estimatingand preparation of the detailed Bill of Quantities that form part of bidding document.

3.2.5 lnstitutional Arrangement, Awareness and Training

The existing organization of Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City constituting sanitation departmentand environmental services division department should be rationalized for greater efficiency.The project awareness campaign has to be started right away and role of NGOs will be vitalin the campaign. lt is important for the present organization to work with the neworganization running the landfill site. The two organization need to be attached to theSanitation and Environmental Department of Birgunj in their present set-up. A ResidentManager is recommended to be assigned to the Sanitary Landfill Site.

During Defects Liability Period/One Year Operation Period, the Froject Contractor wiil carryout operation and maintenance of the Sanitary Landfill with the cost to be borne by theProject. During this period, the nominated Resident Manager and other Municipal staff's will

be trained by the Contractor for independent future operation and maintenance of Landfill

site by the Municipality. Required key plant and equipments to be furnished by the Project to

the Municipality under Project loan is as listed below. The ADB will supportthe Projecttill itsdefects liability period/one year operation period.

I

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Required Key Plant and Equipment for Operation and Maintenance of Landfillincluding those to be Furnished by the project to the Municipality

TrIrIIIIIIIIrIttIIII

Remarks

To be handed over to

Condition

New

S.No.

4 Track Dozer

Municioalitv bv the Proi2 Backhoe Loader 1 New To be handed over to

Municipalitv bv the PrRefuge Collector Hoist Truck(Skip Loader)

2 New To be handed over toMunicipalitv bv the Proiect

Tractor with Trailer(caoacitv 3-4 m3)

4 New To be handed over toMunicioalitv bv the Proiect

Tipper Truck (capacity 6 m 1 New To be handed over toMunicipalitv bv the Proiect3 Rickshaw / Tricycte

(size 50"x33"x30")4 New To be handed over to

!t/unicipalitv bv the PrRickshaw / Tricycle(size 39"x39"x16")

Jb New To be handed over toMunicipalitv bv the Pr3 Tipping Pedal Rickshaw New To be handed over toMunicipality by the Proiect

Hand Cart(size 60"x36"x18"

LJ New To be handed over toMunicipalitv bv the Proiect

Hand uart(size 48"x30"x18"

15 New To be handed over toMunicipality bV the Proiect

Platform Weighing Seale(balance)

I (capacitv 60 kq)

I New To be handed over toMunicipality by the Projecl

i2 ; Shredding Machrne 2 New To be handed over toMunicipalitv bv the Pr13 Solid Waste Skip Container 28 New To be handed over toMunicipalitv bv the Pr4 i Srngte Axte Weighing Bridge 1 New To be handed over toMunicipality by the Proiect

IJ Portable Landfill GasMonitorinq Device

1 New To be handed over toMunicipality by the Proiect

16 Roller Compactor(8 Ton capacitv)

1 old Owned at present byMunicipalitv

17 Tipper Truck 1 otd Owned at present byMunicioalitv

IIIIIIIrrIIIrrIIIrII

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Legend :

Pond

al ^+ Lt Tree

7777) Buir.ding

-.::-:--4---/ River Khoto

Proposed Rood

Earbed Vire Fencing

Prcposed 0ralnTraverse Statlon

Flectrlc Pole

GPS Polnt ./3ench l'iork

Brldge & Cutteft

Boundary Llne

Ecrthen Droln

Hlgh Flood LevFL

@6

Surfoce woier qucliiy 6 2387200 N

Sompling U/S o{ SLF

Moniioring

Figure 3.3 Layout PIan of F,,/, l,tiyahi & Bishran

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Scmpling Exisiing

Total Area = 111,311.841 m2

=11.13 Hectares

= 16 Bigha , 8 Katha ,14 dhoor

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F{t%.6,.&&Secondan, Torvns ]nte qraied

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Design & Supervision Consultant

roposed Sanitary Landfill Site_

'rpur VDC, Bara District

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12. Ar=e.cll:.Fc:uiioiiva & Moiurotion Pon{:L*15. Lecchcie Cuilei Chcmber

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3. Se::'::-, f:--en Dom.4. Lcr:'i :-e:iPicse-1,Phose-2 & Phcse-3)E la-^--a ^- a-:r-F cih-6

O. GaS t:-' -::

7. Ilc'r S=-,':: RccC (5.50m Widih)8. lnie:'-i:r Se:.;ice Rood (3.0m Width)9. Pc..li:3 Are:

10. Sic:= *c:er D:'cin (Type I,ll & lll)ir h,,u-\. l--:-

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14. River Trcining Works

15. Brick Llcscncry Compound Woll16. Bcrbed \fire Fencing(Living Fence wilh Tree plonioiion)17. Moin Enironce Gote

'18. Adminisiraiive Building.l9. Service Cenler ond Workshop Office20. Recycloble Wosle Sioroge Building

21. Shed for Sioroge of Recycloble Wosle processing Cenier22. Wosle Processing ond Recovery Buiiding23. Generoior House

24. Guord House

25. Septlc Tonk ond Sookpil25. Tubawell

27. 5m3 HDPE Elevoled Woler Tonk & Woter Supply Sysiem28. Trioxle Weighing Pod29. Volve Chomber for Woier Supply Sysiem30" Eleciriclly Loyoul Plon31" Doily Cover Siockpile Areo32. Bore Hole Plotform53. Environmeni Monitoring W€lls(BH-1,8H-2 & BH-3)

PROPOSED IN FUTURE

A. Composting FacilityAt. Composting Recepiion AreoA2. Windrow Compost PilesA3. Compost Moturotion BinsA4. Post-horvest screening ond pockcgingA5. Finol Compost Produci Sioroge & Soles 0lfice

B Leachate Treatment Facility

81. Leochoie Treolmeni Holding Tonk(Future)

82. Leochoie Treotmanl Plonl (Fulure)

C, Management Facilities

C1.Gos Monogemenl Faciliiies Fulure

C2. Fuel storoge Slruclura (3000-5000 lit€rs)

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Drown Ey : G.P. Choudhcry

Lavorrf Plnr of

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ure 3.4 North - South Sectic

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8m6frrrEd Ortrf a+rnaerrtt:

NORTH SOUTH S

)nal Profile of the Proposed Lamdfill Site

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. ,ECTIONAL PROFNLE OF SEGTION XOs -)UO 5

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Druxn By : G,P. Choudhory s s toi l5eJutv 2O{3

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'*l$;J'- 1t*,.,? d{*',3.3 Project Works and Materials to be Used ?Try"

Mechanized methods for soec alizecj works will be employed iJ7ffia& irorks, such as forlandfill cells base excavaiicn: excavation for anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds;

laying of clay liner and earlhe" ,rvsSie storage dam, drainage material, Ieachate collectingdrainage pipes; back filling worKS: production of sub-base and base course includingspreading, compacting, ani flnishing with a bituminous seal. Labour - intensive methodsshall be used for other works sucn as tree plantation and turfing that can be done manually,including small earlhworks for builiing trenches, road side drain, construction of proposedbuildings and minor retaining struciures etc. Local people will be given priority for worksaccording to their skill and quaiification. The project works will include following majoractivities:

. Excavation for base layer preparation of landfill cells and trenches for proposed buildingsand river training works.

. Excavation of different ponds and treatment units for leachate treatment.r Construction of earthen dam for waste storage (laying and compaction of embankment

fill).. Laying of clay liner, HDPE sheet liner, drainage layer and installation of geotextile fabric.. Laying of leachate collection drainage pipes.. lnstallation of weighbridge.. Masonry and concreting works for building, dralnage and pavement construction over

compositing and vehicle maintenance, parking and wash area.. Embankment fill for interior road construction works and site development.. Sub-base and base laying for road works.o Bituminous Pavement for road works.. Construction of road side drains, cross-drainages (pipe & slab culverts), retaining walls

etc.r lnstallation of services i.e, electricity, telecommunication and water supply pipelines.. Tree felling for site clearance, tree plantation for creation of buffer zone including tur-fing

on embanked slopes of earthen dam for waste storage.o Proper land filling on landfill cell;, placement of cover material, cleaning and proper

operation of plant and equipment, waste segregation and separation, composting andappropriate operation of leachate treatment plant during operation phase.

The major materials to be used in the project works are as detailed below.

Table 3.2: S of Esti ated o ntiti of Materialsm UA esiitit nitiir ;.t::i,

Site clearance of grass, shrubs and excavation of loose material. m' 32,076Earthwork in Excavation m 48,374Backfilling with compaction, watering in layer not more than 1Scm m' 1,706Formation of embankment for waste storage dam, road formationworks and site development.

m' 101,573

Laying filter layer (grain size 30-50mm) m" 12,173Filling with fine sand for cushioning over 1.5 mm thick HDPEGeo-membrane

m' 3,257

Supply and laying red clay liner m' 11 ,644Laying 1.Smm thick HDPE Geo-membrane m' 55,975Supply and laying Geo-texi;te iFiiter Fabric) m' 35,480

Draiaat r\.\6^r;^+;^h. 2 1C

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Source: Preliminary Qu antity Estimate

3.4 Manpower Requirements and Construction Method

The maximum numbers of workers required for the proposed project during the peak periodof construction is estimated to be approximately 150 in numbers. Local people will be givenpriority for employment as per their skill, experience and qualification in the project duringthe construction phase. Similarly, around 20-25 permanent jobs will be created during theoperation phase of the project.

The major components of works related to the project will require pre/post qualification ofcontractors in order to execute project works under single ICB Contract package for civilworks and supply and installation of plant and equipment. The construction sequence hasbeen planned in accordance to productivity rates of required equipments for the respectiveworks. The construction will involve both machine and manpower.

3.5 Resources Required for the lmplementation of the Proposal

The key equipments required forbelow.

Item DesCi.!ption Unit ,,iQuantitySupply and laying perforated HDPE pipe of size rang,ng from160mm to 400mm for leachate collection and manage:l:eni.

RM 1,749

Supply and laying non-perforated HDPE pipe for Sanrtat:cn works RM 1 ,130Supply and laying Gl pipe for Water Supply works (i5onr dia to100mm dia) RM 326

Concrete works of M20 grade m' 798Concrete works of M15 grade m" 340Concrete works of lV10 grade m" 6Placing Steel Rienforcement Tonne 32Laying RCC hume pipe of size 400, 600, and g00mm dia RM 184Brick Masonry for structures m' 1,353Flat brick soling m' 4,466Random rubble masonry (stone pitching) m- 1,008Supply and laying Gabion works m' 1,101Supply and laying sub-base for road works m' 1,356Supply and laying graded crushed stone base mo 1,317Supply and apply 80/100 grade bitumen with 10% cutback fortack coat m2 6,898

lnstallation of Asphalt Concrete on newly constructed road m- 351Broadcasting of grass seeds on embanked stope m' 40,000Cutting and Felling of Trees of girth size >0.30 - 0.60m Nos. bJJCutting and felling of Trees of girth size >0"60 - 0.gOm Nos. 92Cutting and felling of Trees of girlh size >0.90 - 1.80 Nos. 8Plantation of rrees all around the landfill site for creation of buJferzone and road side plantation at access road @1:25

Nos. 15,825

the smooth execution of the project works are as detailed

ItIIttIrtIIT

tI

Table 3.3: Requirec = a-: a:o EquipmentsS. No,

j Loader (1.5 m3)

Grader (100 hp)Tipper Trucks (8 m

20

3.6 Total Cost of the project

The total construction cost needed for the implementation of the sub-project is estimated tobe around NRs 479,992,077.27 (four hundred seventy nine million nine hundred ninety twothousand seventy seven and paisa twenty seven only) including VAT, 5% price contingencyand 5% physical contingency (as per design estimatel.

3.7 Work Schedule

The landfill site development work under srlUE|P wiil be implemented over 2 year,s periodupon work commencement with the provision of single rcB contract package. one year,sdefects liability period has been allocated for defects remedial works. The earth workactivities of the Project shall be avoided during monsoon period. The construction activitieswill be carried out during day hours only.

3.8 Operation of Landfill

The operational plan enables the site preparation, landfill ceil construction, soil cover,leachate treatment, gas management, record keeping activities, closure activities andenvironmental monitoring (d"rring landfilling and post-cLsure; to be conducted in a safe,efficient, and environmentally sound manner.

Unloading of sotid wastes snall be confined to a smail area as possible to accommodate thenumber of vehicles using :'e ar-ea wrthout re.sulting in traffic, personnel, or public safety

I

Vibratory Rotter I1JOO tmtm;Pneumatic fyre notter! O-t5f crqWater BowserBitumen OistriOutor ISOOO iltrelBitumen Decanter 15000 litre;Chips SpreaderCrusher PlantScreen PlantDozer (G7)

Concrete Mixture fi bagiapacrtgHand Operated CompaciorWater Pump

Concrete VibratorUnique Crane

rc,- ]p

Irl

hazards. Waste materials shall normalty be deposited at the toe of the fill' For I

purposes, the working area has been set at 1 5m high cell lifts wiih 6 meter..widths

meter length for each working day after which daily cover of clayey material will be

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solid waste will be spread and compacted in layers with repeated passages of the lr

equipment to minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction' The loose layr

not exceed a depth.approximately 0.60m before compaction' Spreading and compa

;; ;.;*;tished, as iapidly as practicable. covered surfaces of the disposal area

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grrJ"i,"'fromote laterat runoff of precipitation and to prevent ponding. Grades mmiltr

established'of sufficient slopes to account for future settlement of the fill surJace 3u

*ri"rir' or native material unsuitable for cover, stockpiled on the site for use or rerrodtr"

be placed so as not to cause problems or interfere with unloading' spreading' corncad

access, safety, cirainage or other operations

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4. REVIEW OF POLICIES. PLANS. LAWS AND GUIDELINES

The existing policies, plans, laws. gu oe -=s z': 's::-': 3's are summarized in this chapter

in order to inform the decision mai(e's e'= -.3,2-: s::<=^c,ders about their implications on

the Project functioning. For easy refere^:= -3:.e^: c'ovrsions of constitution, policies and

plans, laws, guidelines and instituiiona :rsir**:e:ts tc t:ils Proj

below:

een summarized

4.1 Plan, Policies and Strategies

4.1.1 The lnterim Constitution of Nepal 2063 (2007)

Article 16 (1)of the lnterim Constitution of Nepal 2063 (2007) as proclaims that every person

shall have the right to live in healthy environment. The Constitution also establishes the right

of property as a fundamental right to citizens. Article 19(1) states that every citizen shall,

subject to the laws in force, have the right to acquire, own, sell, dispose of and otherwise

deal with property. Similarly, article 19(2) states that the state shall not, except in the public

interest requisition or acquire, or otherfyise create any encumbrance on the property of anyperson. Provided this clause shall not apply to any property earned in an illicit manner.

Article 19(3) specifies that there shall be given compensation for any property requisitioned,

acquired or encumbered by the state in the course of enforcing a scientific land reform

program or in the public interest in accordance with law. The compensation, the basis

thereof and the procedure therefore shall be as determined by law.

Article 12 (1,2 & 3) of the Constitution of Nepal 2063 (2007) states that every person shallhave the right to live with dignity, and no law which provides for capital punishment shall be

made. Except as provided for by.law no person shall be deprived of his/her personal liberty.

Every citizen shall have the following freedoms: freedom of opinion and expression; freedom

to assemble peaceably and without arms; freedom to form political party; freedom to form

unions and associations; freedom to move and reslde in any part of Nepal; and freedom toengage In any occupation or be engaged in employment, industry and trade.

4.1.2 Three Years lnterim Plan, 2008

Under the Environment and Waste Management Section of Local Development of this plan,

It states that "Special effort will be made towards establishing a processing center for themanagement of biodegradable uzasfes in Municipalities and urbanizing VDCs of Nepal.

lnitiative will be made towards modifying and updating the National Policy, 1997 forwastemanagement with the parlicipation of concerned stakeholders. Hazardous wasfes generated

from the rndustries and hospitals, will be managed by the institutions concerned without

health consequences resu/ting from management of such uuasfes. The municipalities andurbanizing VDCs, fhose geographically nearer and connected to transportation for easyaccessibility, shall work jointly in community awareness building, management of landfill

sifes, orEranic fertilizer production and energy development. The waste Management andResource Mobilization Center ttill facilitate fhrs initiative. Efforts shall be made towards

increasing private secfor aarticipation and promotion of public-private parinership rn fasks

relating to waste managefieni such as, collection, storage, transporT, sorting, recycling andprocessrng of wastes -hs Concept Design of Sanitary Landfill Sife for Birgunj has

considered all the above aspecfs. But the application cf these measures must be ensured bythe government as well as municipalities who witl have the responsibitity of operation of thelandfill site.

4.1.3 Envirqnmental Policy and plan

Government of Nepal, for the first time in the planning history of Nepal, integratedenvironmental aspects in the Sxfh Ptan (1980-'85) and urged to carry out EIA ofdevelopment Projects and programmes (NPC, 1980). This commitment was re-enforced inthe Sevenfh Plan (1985-90),the National Conservation Strategy, 1g88, andlhe Master ptanfor Forestry Sec/or (1989). The Eighth Plan (1992-'97) elaborated the need forinstitutionalizing EIA system to attain the goals of sustainable development by integratingenvironmental aspects into development activities (NPC, lggl). The Nepai EnvironmentalPolicy and Action Plan (1993) and Environmentat Strategies and Policies for lndustry,Forestry and Water Resource Sectors (1998) also recognized EIA as an essential planningand management tool to internalize environmental management activities into developmentProjects.

The Ninth Plan (1gg7-2AA2) emphasized on participatory EIA, involvement of thestakeholders in natural resource management and internalization of environmentalmanagement in sectoral development Projects and programs, with a view to attainingsustainable development objectives. Ihe Environment and Natural Resource ManagementPolicy, as included in the Ninth Plan, has re-emphasized the need for rnternalizing andinstitutionalizing the EIA system right from the local level through coordinated effort (NpC,1 997).

The Tenth Plan (2003-2007) has identified EIA as a priority area, and it emphasizes onenvironmental monitoring of the Project that have undergone EIA process. The plan focuseson the need for setting-up national environmental standards with the strategy of internalizingenvironmental management into the development programmes. The plan has also realizedthe need for carrying out Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to promoteenvironmental administraiion and governance. The plan emphasizes on the participation ofthe local people for environment conservation, according to the Local Self Governance Act2055 (1999), through the local bodies, by making them responsible and capabte to managenatural resources at the local level. The Local Self Governance Act, 2055 also empowers thelocal bodies for the Conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implementenvironment conservatlon activities"

During the last two and half decades, Government of Nepal has endorsed and irnplementedseveral sectoral policies and conservation-friendly documents which also focus onconducting environmental assessment, To name a few, the National Conservation Strategy(1988) and Master Plan for Forestry Sector (1989), Nepal Environment Policy and ActionPlan (NEPAP I and ll) (1993 and 1998) and Sustainable Development Agenda for Nepat(SDAN) (1993) provide a number of opportunities to internalize and institutionalize

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4.1.4 Other Policies

ln view of the location of th,s atee'.-='a s -: :-s:: i ^^:ac: cn forest. Thus forest policy isnot attracted. Governmeni ci i.le:a -:s =-::-s=: '.3ca Biodiversity Strategy (NBS) inAugust 2002 which emphasizes :- 12--:'i :-: Fr-, ine focus of thqffih8$A*s on theconservation, management. anc s,s:a âc

= -se :' c cc,versity includingffiq6ft_&ffi sharingof benefits arising out of the usage c' : : :: :e -3so-.ces (MFSC, ,Op,) lq.lf:ff

^d4*..?4d4.2 Relevant Laws F.;:,. 1:d-""t^l;j;TNepal has a wide range of regulatory fran"revrork towards the protection of the environmentand promotion of development aciiviiies Ariicle 16(1) of the lnterim Constitution of Nepal2063 (2007) as proclaims that every person shall have the right to live in a healthyenvironment.

A number of important measures have been already been adopted with the objective ofintegrating the environmental concerns into development programmes since UNCED. TheEnvironmental Proteciion Act (EPA), '1996 and Environmental Protection Regulations (EpR),1997 set the legal framework for the integration of environmental aspects into developmentprojects and industrial investments.

4.2.1 Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1996 and the Environment ProtectionRules EPR), 1997

The Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1996 and the Environment Protection Rules (EpR),1997 are the principal regulatory frameworks to make the development programs andProjects environment-friendly. The law entered into force since June 1997 contains severalprovisions to internalize environmental assessment system and to maintain a clean andhealthy environment by minimizing the adverse impacts on human beings and other lifeforms and physical objects. Section 3 to 6 of the EPA, 1996 and Rules 3 to 11 of the EpR,1997 contain provisions on the approval process of the IEE/EIA report. Rule 12 of the EpRoblige the Proponent to comply with matters mentioned in the report and other conditions, ifany prescribed by the approval agency. As per the environmental law, the proponent isrequired to prepare EMAP for EIA study and should implement the environmentenhancement and mitigation measures as per Environmental Management Action plan(EMAP) proposed in IEE or ElA.

The EPA, 1997 obliges the proponent not to implement the proposals without approving IEEor EIA reports for the prescribed Projects (Section 4). Section 6 empowers the Ministry ofScience, Technology and Environment (MoSTE) to approve the EIA reporl. Based onSchedule 2 of the EPR, 1997, this Project requires to complete the EIA process and to getthe EIA report approved before its implementation. The EPR, '1997 provides detail provisionswith regard to approval of the EIA report and responsibilities of the institutions during theProject irnplementation stages. MoSTE should approve the EIA report legally within 60 daysof its receipt, in general. but nc iaterthan 90 days upon its receipt.

The environmental iegisia:;s. :s very clear with regard to environmental monitoring andauditing and EPR 199r e"^co',,rers the concerned agency. ln this case for environmental

++IIIIIIIIIIIIIIITII

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the decision of the prescribed authority

within 35 days from the date of decision

monitoring at all phases of the project and MoSTE for envii-onmental auditing after two years

of service start bY the Project.

Major Highlights of Environment Protection Act, '1997 are as follows:

. Section 3: The proponent should carry out IEE/EIA of the prescribed proposals'

. Section 4: No one should implement the proposals requiring IEE or EIA without

approval.. Section 5: The proponeni should submit the IEE/ElA reports for approval by the

concerned agency for approval process'

. Section 6: Upon receipt of such proposal, the concerned agency should approve the IEE

report and forward the EIA report to MoSTE for approval process' MoSTE should

approve the EIA report after public notice is over. MoSTE can form a committee to seek

suggestions over EIA rePorts.

section 17: lf any person ask for compensation, the proponent is liable to compensate

for the loss or effect as prescribed.

section 18: ln case the proposal requiring environrhental assessments is implemented

without necessary approval or violates the conditions of approval' the prescribed

authority may close down such activity immediately and may punish up to NRs'

100,000/.. Section 19: A person who is not satisfied with

may appeal to the concerned Appellate Court

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or order.. Section 23: Government may frame and implement necedsary guidelines, including EIA

guidelines.. Section 24: Government may frame necessary rules,

standards etc.

including conduction of IEE or ElA,

Major highlights of Environment Protection Rules, 1997 (amendment 5 April 1999) are as

follows:

. Rule 3: The proponent is required to prepare IEE and EIA reporl as per Schedules 1 and

2 respectivelY.. Rute 4: Befoie preparing an EIA report, the proponent should publish a '15 days public

notice to provide the stakeholders to offer their opinions and concerns in writing on the

proposal. The proponent should prepare and submit the scoping report to the concerned

agency and forward to MoSTE for approval and MoSTE should determine the scope of

the EIA study as submitted or amended'

o Rule 5: ln case of IEE report, the proponent should prepare and submit the TOR and get

approval of ToR from concerned agency while in case of EIA report, *h,t.#topon::] ..:

should prepare and submit the TOR to the concerned agency, which shoulqilorward 'to

MoSTE for necessary approval. i-..',,'

. Rule 6: ln case, the approving agency of IEE report finds appropriate toparry 6ut.Etn'

the proponent should futfill all the formalities of the EIA process '''bo',.,,

. Rule 7: The proponent should prepare IEE and EIA repcrl in the format as indicated in

schedule 5 and 6 of the EPR, 1997 respectively ln case of IEE report' the proponent

should notice the concerned VDC, Municipality, DDC. scnoci health posts and hospital

to offertheir opinions and suggestions in writing before the r:"allzation of the IEE report'

Review of Policies: 4-4

1rrIrrrrrrrrrrT

T

T

T

T

r

However, the proponeni s-:reporl.

. Rule 10: The proponeni s-3_: -*:*: -: --. =s :, :êrecommendation of the cc^:3--:: .I _ :- -_^ ::a :,/approval.

'=E/ElA reporl along with theto the concerned agency for

' Rule '1'1:The concerned age.3., a:3- -.:s::a: r^ snculd approve the IEE reportwithin21 days from the date of its re:e c: a-- ':-,,,a': ::e 10 copies of the EIA report with itssuggestions to MoSTE within 2', :a,s ''c* :'e care of receipt. Upon receipt of the EIArepoft, MoSTE should issue a 3C ca.vs cr,o,:c nctice in the daily newspaper to offerwritten comments of the siakehctce:s. iVoSTE also may seek the suggestions of thecommittee, if formed for this purpose and should approve the EIA reporl within 60 daysfrom the date of receipt or within g0 days in case of special reason.

' Rule 12: the proponent should implement EIA and other conditions given during theapproval process.

' Rule 13: The concerned agency (ministry) is made responsible for environmentalmonitoring and evaluation activities, and issue necessary directives to the proponent toimpiement environmental prctection measures.

' Rule 14: MoSTE is responsible to prepare the environmental auditing report after twoyears of the commencement of the services by the proposal.

' Rule 45-47: Anyone wishing to receive compensation may file the application to theChief District officer (CDO) and should forward the file to the concerned agency in casethe evaluation of effects/loss. once the loss of evaluated, the cDo should determine theamount of compensation within 60 days of receipt of application. The proponent shouldpay the compensation amount within 30 days of decision. ln case the proponent(individual, institution or proponent) fails to pay within the time limit, the victim maysubmit an application, and the CDo shall auction the property of the proponent and paythe amount of compensation as determined.

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE) published an additional notice inthe Nepal Gazette, on 23 August 1999, stating that the proposals which are not listed inSchedules 1 and worth of investment of over Rs. 10 million to 1.ggf,*$Jion may require IEEstudy, and those which are not risted in schedure 2 and worlh .dft:Biffint of over Rs. 100million shoutd undergo an EtA process.

" ffi;H-$ F4.2.2 Sotid Waste Management Act, 2068 (2011) \.., ;.:#%"

-;'t- rgr 6e,.''-.4'solid waste Management Act, 2011 recognizes the importanc6lottsaidw:ste managementin maintaining a healthy environment. The act requires local body to take all theresponsibility to construct and operate the infrastructure or structure required for thecollection, final disposal anc processing of solid waste, including construction of any transferstation, landfill site, processing plant compost plant, and bio gas plant for the managementof solid waste.

Section 4 of the Act ass,g^ :'e ocai body to manage or use otherwise the solid wastedischarged or dumpeo ;: :: e:: o" center, transfer station or treatment plant or collectedduring cleaning. As pe'S::::- r. S-b-section 2 of the Act, the responsibility for processingand management af tzzz'::-s ,',3sie medrcal waste, chemical waste or industrial waste

!

under the prescribed standards shall rest with the person or institution that has generatedthe solid waste.

According to Section 6, Sub-section 1, the local body shall have to prescribe for segregationof solid waste at source by dividing the solid waste into different categories including at leastorganic and inorganic. Similarly, as per Sub-section 2 of the Act, a person, institution orentity that produces solid waste shall require carrying them in the collection centre, Localbody may provide necessary technology, goods, equipments, containers, etc. to them.

4.2.3 Sotid Waste Management Rules, 2O7O (20131

The So/id Waste Management Rules, 2070 was formulated as per provision rnade in Article50 of So/id Waste Management Act, 2068. The Rules contain 27 sections that provision themethodology, procedures, technology and execution of solid waste management.

Secticn 3 of the Rule describes about the segregation and management of solid waste. lthas mentioned that while segregating solid waste in degradable and non-degradable wasteat scurce, it is essential to segregate waste into hazardous and chemical waste. lt aisostates that the local body will be responsible for conducting awareness program regardingsource reduction, source separation and adopting suitable technologies.

Section 5 of the Rule outlines management and execution of hazardous/chemical waste.Similarly, Section 7 of the Rule states about the standard of vehicles for transportation ofsolid waste.

4.2.4 Local Self Governance Act, 2055(1999) and Local Governance Rules,2056(1see)

The role of local government in the development and avoiding environmental degradation bypromoting conservation and enhancement environmental activities is crucial. Realizing thishard core fact, GON has promulgated local governance act in 1998 and Local GovernanceRules, 1999. The Act and Rule has followed the spirit of decentralization and strengtheningthe local government agencies. ln a number of sections of this Act deals with land useplanning and implementation, environmental conservation and land development. lt alsocontains section dealing with land acquisition by local bodies.

Section 55 empowers VDC to levy taxes on utilization of natural resources. Section 68 liststhe property of the VDC which includes natural resources. Section 189 of the Locai Self-Governance Act provides the powers and functions of the District Development Committees(DDC) which include formulation and implementation of plans for conservation of forest,vegetation, biological diversity and soil.

Section 189 of the Local Self Governance Act provides the powers and functions of theDistrict Development Committee (DDC) which include formulation and implementation ofplans for conservation of forest, vegetation, biological di'rersity and soil.

4.2.5 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (r rrr) .,.',{i ' . -;:.i

(1993) guides the2034 (1977) and the

=

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( The Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (7,97.#"rdryi$ a"mendmeni rn 2049compulsory acquisition of land in the .gtslii, TF," tipa Acqursition Act,

s r,.,i '';r li,r- \4'i f:i.lffir.,rt: ..r:i" .,- ,.

Land Acquisition Rutes 2a25 ':a: ?-. :-. :.1^: -z- ,egal instrument that specifyprocedural matters of land acc! s::- :-: ::-:e-s3::^ Government can acquire land atany place in any quaniity by g,,,,r-g 3:*::-=a::- :_-s_a-: :c the Act for the land acquiredfor any public purpose or for cc3-a: :-

=, .^.::,:::-c:t project initiated by governmentinstitutions (section 3 and 4). T::s ::::*.::/,:-s:-e:o'/ei-nment to acquire land for publicpurposes, by providing compensa::- ':-:-3 :-.a:3 a:c and properties, as determined bythe Compensation Fixation Comnr,::ee

The Land Act, 2021 (1964) a;sc cc::a'rs p:cv;s;ons related to compensation issues,particularly on the maximurn size cf irolv:dual iandholdings. According to the Act, aIandowner may not be compensatec for nore ihan he/she is entiiled to hold the land. TheLand Act also specifies the compensation entitlements of registered tenants on land sold bythe owner or acquired for developmenr ourpose.

4.2.6 Town Development Act, ZO4S (1gg?)

The Town Development Act, 2045 (1992)was enacted taking into accounts the folowingobjectives.

. To promote guided expansion of th! existing townships into urban area,

' To provide necessary service and facilities to the residential citizens,

' To make necessary management of the required facilities to the economic interest of theurban people.

Clause 9 of this Act empowers the Town Development Committee to regulate control orprohibit any act or activities, which has an adverse effect on public health or the aesthetics ofthe town or any way pollutes the environment. lt contains penalty provisions in the form offines for the violation of the Act. However, no specific legal provision has been mentioned inthis legislation regarding the solid waste management in the urban area. Amendment in thislegislation has included word "sewage system and sanitation" and conferred powers toTown Planning Board for planning and approval of the town planning.

4.2.7 Soil and Water Conservation Act, 2039 (19g2)

The Soil and Water Conservation Act, '1982 and its Rules '1985 contain several provisions toregulate activities in the watershed area. However, the Project area has not been declaredas a protected watershed and, therefore, the legal provisions thereof are not applicable forthis Project.

4.2.8 Public Road Act, 2048 (1991)

The landfill site will require construction/improvement of access road for the transportationfacility to the proposed landfill site and borrow areas, and, therefore, relevant provisions ofthe Public Road Act 2048 rr'ay be attracted. Based on this Act, the proponent, therefore,should plant road sicie trees ancj handover it to the local bodies for management andutilization purposes (Sec:tcr i5, The Act also provides provisions to operate quarries andborrow pits and other fac,,: -s 3-. rQ Ir

r .a

\

ion (Section '17).

4.2.9 Other Relevant Laws

The Labour Act, 2048 prohibits the over utilization cf the iabour. Section 27 of the Act hasmade the provision relating to health and safety of the hired labour. Section 4 states thatprior work permit is required to the non Nepali citizens and they are allowed to work in Nepalfor certain period only in the area where Nepalese work force is not available and notcompetent. Section 5 prohibits hiring of labour under 14 years old. Section '18 states thatthifiy minute must be allowed as rest and/or refreshment should be given in every five hoursof work. This section also states over time shall be paid at the rate of 1.5 times normalwages rates. The normal working hour shall be 8 hours beyond that shall be considered as

overtime.

Review of existing legal regime on the environment and sectoral legislation calls upon theProponent to integrate environmental protection measures in this Project to avoid, mitigateor compensate adverse environmental impacts.

4.2.10 Plant Protection Act, 2064 (2007)

The Plant Protection Act, 2064 (2007) is made to provide laws for protection of plantsenacting legal provisions for preventing the introduction, establishment, prevalence andspread of pests while importing and exporling plants and plant products, promoting trade inplants and plant products by adopting appropriate measures for their effective control.

Section 3 provisions establishment of committee to make advice and suggestions io theGovernment of Nepal on policies on the quarantine of plants or plants products. A person orbody wishing to export piants, plant products, biological control agents or beneficialorganism may obtain the phyto-sanitary certificate (Section 12). For the purpose of makinginspection of plants, plant products, biological control agents, beneficial organism or otherarticles, the Mlnistry of Agriculture may designate any employee who possess thequalification as prescribed, as inspectors (Section 14)r. Section 23 states penalties to anyperson who commits the offenses set forth in various clauses of section 22 dealing withoffense and penalties.

4.2.11 Aquatic Animal Protection Act, 2018(1961)

The provision of the Aquatic Life Protection Act, 1961 obliges the proponent to enforcenecessary measures at construction sites in order to maintain aquatic ecosystem and safemovement of aquatic animal. The proponent should establish fish hatchery or a nursery,close to the dam site of the water resources projects (where fish ladder construction is notpossible), for artificial reproduction and ex situ conservation (section 5b

4.3 Guidelines and Manuals

4.3.1 National EIA Guidelines, 2050 (1993) t+o=, ..The National EIA Guidelines, 1993 developed by the National Piannrng confrtission (NPC) inconjunction with international Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) set out the process

for the environmental review andrmafia.pement of infrastruc:ure orojects in all sectors andthe respective roles of certain governriient agencies and tle c'clect proponents. Theseguidelines were part of a comprehensive p-rogram to deve cD :'e national and sectoral

''t''l' .:f Pnlirioc' l,-R

IIrIIIIrIIIrIIIIIIr implementation of urban envircnment ma

guidelines for establishing a na:io:a s_.s:=- ':- :-, -:--e:ial impact assessment whichwas a part of the Government's Na::-: l:-::-,:::- S:.a:egy and Nepal's Sevenih yearPlan. The guideline was endorsec c..:-= 3r', r-.- S=::ernber 1992 and gazette on 19

July 1993.

The Guideline includes elaborarec c.o:s:-..s ':.key areas to be looked into (soclc-ecc'c- c 3 c

impacts) during the EIA study. Tne g;:celr:reenvironment protection measures in c:cer :o avo,cadverse impact and to augment beneflciai inoac:s

= .: .3oori preparation and also includescg ca, and physic-chemicat, and culturalalsc provides a basis for proposing

. eiiminate, minimize and/or mitigate eachresulting from the Project (NPC, 1993).

4.3.2 Environment Management Guidelines, 1997 and the EIA Policy Document forthe Road Sector (DoR 1997 and 2000)

During the implementation of this Project, an access road should also beconstructed/improved which can be made environment friendly by considering the issuesand aspects as included in the Environment Management Guidelines, 1997 and the EIAPoiicy Document for the Road Sector (DoR 1997 and 2000).

Environment Management Guidelines, 1997 highlights operational practices for all roadmaintenance, rehabilitation and construction activities. The guideline consists ofenvironmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into road projects, procedures forpublic participation, and socio-economic considerations. lmplementation methods forundertaking mitigation measures for each of the activities are also given in the guideline. TheGuideline suggests methods for determining how and when the public should be included inthe environmental analysis. The guidelines also advise on socio-economic impacts andstrategies for reducing or avoiding the potential negative impacts and for maximizing thebeneficial impacts to local residents.

The EIA Policy Document for road sector explains how environmental practice beincorporated in road construction activities. lt gives clear, practical guidance and explainswhere more information can be found in support of particular issues. Emphasis is given tostraightforuuard, achievable and effective measures which can be incorporated intoengineering practice to achieve the main principles of sound environmental management.

4.3.3 Urban Environment Management Guideline, 2068

The Urban Environment Management Guideline, 2068 has been enacted in order tominimize adverse environmental impacts due to development activities in the urban area; toprotect and preserve national heritage; to assure human health related rights; and to ensureclean environmentTqiendly sustainable urban development.

The guideline deals with management of solid waste and hazardous waste, minimizatton ofair pollution and energy consumption; minimization of noise pollution; supply of drinkingwater, its quality and'minimization of water pollution; Greenery, open space and agriculturalland conservation, managenrent of urbanization, building design and energy technology eic.The guideline also elaborates on management institutional requirement for the

categorizes hazardous wastes i: terms ofhazardous nature etc.

i*

rideline. The guideline further

The Generic Standards, Tolerance Limits for Wastewater Discharged

Water from Combined Waste Water Treatment Plani as outlined in

Guideline is as follows.

into lnland SurfaceSchedule 2 of the

I.t

Parameter Tolerance Limits

<40Etr-on50, max54, max14, max

Phenolic Compounds,Cvanides as CN, (mg/l

Total Residual Chlorine,Sulfides as S, (mq/l

Fiuorides as F,

Arsenic as As,

IJ12 Cadmium as Cd,

0.1, maxHexavalent Chromium as Cr,

5, max0.05, max

4.4 lnstitutions

4.4.1 Local lnstitutions

(a) Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City

Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City is the city whose solid waste is going to be disposed off in the

proposed landfill site. The operation of the landfill site will be carried out by the municipality.

The Municipality might provide recommendation letters for inclusion in the EIA study report

for its timely approval from the MoSTE. The Municipality must ensure that only the municipal

wastes are disposed off in the proposed landfill site, proposed mitigation measures for the

operational phase and monitoring activities are carried out as suggested in the EIA repod.

lmplementation of the project will be the responsibility of Project Manager, Project

lmplementation Unit (plu), sTluElP-Birgunj with technical assistance from Department of

Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC), Project Coordination Office (PCO)

that will undertake environmental assessment functions, as well as monitoring of sub-

projects and provision of advice relating to design of environmental mitigation and

enhancernent measures, and the setting of environmental quality standards'

:'-,.

ilC

=

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1 Temperature, oC

Total Suspended Solids,BODs at 20"CCils and Grease, (m

as Cu, (m

15 Lead as Pb, (mgil0.01, max

Nickel as Ni,Zinc as Zn, (mg/l)Selenium as Se, (m

Ammoniacal Nitroqen,Demand, (mq/l

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(b) VillageDevelopmentCornr:,:iee

The proposed landfill site is lcca:e: 2'. ,'.?-: - :-r .'.:-: 9 cf ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDCrespectively of Bara District. Tle ','*-::: :.. *:-: :-ovrde recommendation letters forinclusion in the ErA study repoii '.' :s : *.., 2..-..2 from the MosrE. The VDC caneducate the local people ancj fac :a:: - :l-, -: -E :or necessary support for projectconstruction in time. Based on ihe ic:a Se '-C3.e,-nance Act (1ggg), the VDCs can planand implement the envrronmental ccnse-,,a: c: crogtarnmes and the project can assist inVDC's activities. The VDC will facilitaie :ne Proleci in issuing permits regarding the use ofnecessary quarries, borrow pits, spoil anc ccnsiruction waste disposal area and temporaryiand required for construction purpose.

(c) DistrictAdministrationOffice

The District Administration office (DAo), Parsa and Bara could assist the project in avoidingand/or resolving any conflict during the Project implementation. Similarly, the Chief Districtofficer of the respective districts might facilitate the implementation of the project by issuingpermits regarcjing the use of necessary quarries, borrow pits, spoil and construction wastedisposal area and temporary rand required for construction purpose.

(d) DistrictDevelopmentCommittee

The Parsa DDC and Bara DDC could play a pivotal role for timely completion of the projectby educating local people and also enabling the Project in resolving any conflict duringProject implementation.

4.4.2 National lnstitutions

(a) Ministry of science, Technology and Environment (MosrE)

once the EIA report is received, MoSTE might approve it in stipulated time period as per theEPR, 1997 with view to assist the Proponent to implement the project in time. As per theenvironmental law, MoSTE should be involved in preparing the environmental auditing reporlafter two years of operation of the Project. Also it can appoint or designate environmentalinspectors to ensure the compliance of the environmental requirements, if any, during theconstruction and operational stages. Furthermore, MoSTE has ample opportunities to issueguidance and instruction(s) to make the Project environmentally sound and sustainable.

(b) Ministry of Urban Development

within the urban sector, the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) as project ExecutionAgency has overall responslbility for environmental safeguarding, The specific responsibilityis as follows.

' Review and comrner:s c- riA for final approvar from MosrE.. Give permission fc. p.:.e:.

^:clementation.. Review of montlo. -:

for corrective ac::-s'3..:S C{ Croject construction and operation and give comments

Eloti'it'

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(c) Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC)

The DUDBC, project Coordination Office (PCC), as co-ordination, monitoring and

implementation agency is responsible for overall coordination, monitoring and

implementation of STIUEIP and environmental monitoring/management works assisted by

Project Management support consultant (PMSC). The specific responsibility is as follows:

. Review and comments on EIA for final approval from MoSTE.

. Give permission for Project lmplementation'

. Review project design & contract documents against approved EIA measures and

national environmen]tal standards and give comments for corrective actions.

. Review of monitoring reports of project construction and operation and give comments

for corrective actions.

4.5 InternationalConvention

The number of legally-binding international instruments (conventions, treaties, protocols or

agreements) have been adopted for the conservation of biological species and the natural

environment. Nepal has also ratified or accessed a number of such instruments and she has

lots of obligations and commitments on the management of natural environment and

biodiversity. As perthe Nepal TreatyAct, 1991 [Section 9(1)], the provisions included in such

international instruments are above the national laws'

4.s.1 convention on lnternational Trade for Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild

Fauna and Flora, 2032 (1973)

Nepal is the Party to the convention on Biological Diversity (cBD), Convention on the

lnternational Trade in Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Wetlands

of International lmportance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) and World

Heritage convention, which are related to species conservation, international trade of

species and their products, and conservation of wetlands, and natural and cultural heritage"

The country as a whole is obliged to implement the Convention's provisions. The project

area does not contain world Heritage sites and wetlands of lnternational lmportance'

Furthermore, the project will not be involved in the international trade of wild fauna and flora'

However, the project will make every effort to respect the provisions of such environment-

related instruments and least damage the natural resources and the environment'

4.S.2TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,2050(1992)

The convention on Biological Diversity was signed by Nepal at Rio de Janeiro on June 12'

1gg2. The convention and particularly Article 14 provides broad framework on the need for

carrying out EIA to minimize adverse impacts of the Projects and programs on biodiversity'

4.5.3 Nepal is signatory to many international convention, which deal with the protection of

environment. Some of them are as listed below:

. Convention on

(cITES), 1973.

. UN Convention

lnternational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,

IttRotricrlt of Policies: 4-12

IIIIrIIIIIIITIIIIIr!

. Basel convention on the c:-:': :'-'=-s:r*-:a-,'Movements of Hazardous wastesand their disposal, 1989.

. Viena Convention for the P:cte:: :- :':-: l::-e -a'ier'. 1985.

. UN Framework convention oi- C -::= 2'z';= '?32.

. Plan Projection Agreemen: ic':-: 3:-:- 3as: :s a and the Pacific (as amended), 1956.

. Convention on Biological Dir,ers:_, '?22

. Conservation for the protecl,c: :":-: ,',:-: C-:;rai and Natural Heritage, 1g72.

Besides the international legaiiy c': -; -s:'-menis, there are other instruments such asStockholm declaration, Rio declara::0. a-: a sc Agenda 21 - a blue print of action -for the21't century, which obiiges the uN r-emoer states to adopt necessary measures on EIAapplication so as to minimize ociei:,a, environmental impacts and augment beneficialenvironmental impacts. The Stcckncim and Rio Declarations also encourage the UNmember States to integrate EIA process in the overall decision-making, planning andimplementation of the development projects and programmes.

ln this context, there are ampIe opporlunities to internalize and institutionalize EA system inavoiding and mitigating adverse environmental impacts and make the developmentinitiatives environment-friendly, economically beneficial and sustainable.

4.5.3 Basel Convention

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastesand their Disposal was adopted on 22 March 1989 by the Conference of Plenipotentiaries inBasel, Switzerland, in response to a public outcry following the discovery, in the 1980s, InAfrica and other parts of the developing world of deposits of toxic wastes imporled fromabroad. The overarching objective of the Basel Convention is to protect human health andthe environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes. The provisions of theConvention center around the following principal aims: (i) the reduction of hazardous wastegeneration and the promotion of environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes,wherever the place of disposal; (ii) the restriction of transboundary movements of hazardouswastes except where it is perceived to be in accordance with the principles ofenvironmentally sound management; and (iii) a regulatory system applying to cases wheretransboundary movements are permissible.

4.5.4 Minamata Convention

The objective of the convention is to identify and promote good practices relating to the useof human rights obligations and commitments to inform, support and strengthenenvironmental policy making, especially in the areas of environmental protection andmanagement. A Global Symposium on Environmental Rule of Law, held at the first UnitedNations Environment Assembly (UNEA) in Nairobi, brought together Chief Justices, Headsof Jurisdiction, Attorneys General. Auditors General, Chief Prosecutors, lawyers and legalexperts to raise awareness of the role of environmental law as an indispensable tool inachieving sustainable development and a Green Economy.

4Wfl-F%*i=.ilS*ip

5. EXISTING ENVIRONI\,,IE\*.A- CONDITION

5.1 Physical and ChemicaI E-,':-rent

5.1.1 Geophysical: Locatiop' Tcc:;'a:-. Geology and Soils

The proposed SanitarY Landfili S :: ':"in ltiyahi and BishramPur VDC ',",3-:

Development Region of NePa, --:proposed sanitary landfill site tc-:-:s

ny'anagement of Birgunj Municipality lies

'espectiveiy of Bara District in Central

ocated on the western Parl of theof Birgunj Sub-metropolitan city. Thev a existing '1.Okm gravel road fromproposed sanitary landfill site is -/:: ,',

Nagwa ward no. 19.

The proposed SLF with a total area c' -l ;6 na is lccatec in the Terai plain. Geographically-

it is located a:-26"59'47" north larilu:e a:c 84"53'2O" east iongitude wiih average altitude of

g0.5m. The landfili site area consisi c a ^ terrain mainly of quaternary sediments constituting

cultivated land. lt is composed of very ferlile soil mixed of clay, silt and sand' The geological

profile is presented in Figure 5.1.

Birgunj Municipality, with a total area of 21.17 sq.km., is located in the Terai plain (northward

extension of lndo-Gangetic plain). lt lies in Parsa distriet of Narayani zone in

Central Development {egion of Nepal. There are 19 wards in this municipality.

Geograplhically, it is located between i6"57'45' - 27"02'30" north latitude and 84"52'15" -

84.5-5'0b" easi longitude. The eastern parl of this city is bordered by another district - Bara

whereas the southern and south western part by Bihar State of lndia. Birgunj is one of the

major gateway town to lndia and more than 50% of total foreign trade is carried out via this

town.

Birgunj Sub-metropolitan city has elongated shape with a maximum north-south length of 8

km and east-west width of 4 km. The altitude ranges from about 78 m in south near border

area to 87m in the north. However, there is high micro-topographical variation.

5.1.2 Climate

The climatic condition is sub-tropical monsoon with very hot and wet summer. The mean

annual temperature ranges from 23.8"C to 24.5'C. The maximum extreme daily temperature

recorded is 41.6"C in May and minimum is 4.5"C in January. The annual rainfall ranges from

about 1300 mm to 2g00 mm with an average of 1800 mm. More lhan 82oh precipitation

occurs in 4 summer months (June to September). Average sunshine duration ranges from

7.26 - 7.50 hr/d and average wind speed ranges from 1.95 - 2.31 km/hr.

5.1.3 Surface and Ground Water

Basin area of Singaha river up to the Sanitary landfill (SLF) site located at eastern side of

;;;;.j l; 1 ixi; having 20 years ftood level it zg +aom and flood discharge of 49.02m3/s.

The ground water tab,e al the western part of the SLF near the singaha river varies between

4.ZSm to 3.75m beiov, q.c;ni ievel whereas the eastern parl possesses 2.50m below the

ground level.

P,acalina Cnnrlifinn \-1

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Dol. : - JuU2Ot3

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Birgunj is drained by two rivers - S "s.,: - -. ,,,:-:: :-: S -:a-a in the east. Singaha riveroriginates about 4 km upstream fr'e- :-- -::-.r-- ::-::- :':-3 nnunicipality whereas Sirsiyaoriginates from far northern a.ea :':s= -,=- :-=':::a: :-ring summer monsoon andriver bank cutting particularly a: t.le ^.::-::-:€-: : --^:":ccirg is common. The water inthese rivers during dry winter cel.ioc S ,3-r I rh

5.1.4 Land Use and Land Cover

The land use type of the SLF is ag:ic.i-'a :-: /.:- spa:se vegetaticn owned by the BirgunjMunicipality holding land ownersh:p cer'ia:=

For Birguni nearly 73oh area is uncjer ci: ,,'a:lo: folcwed by residential area (11o/o), ruralresidential area (2.1%), business mixeo \ritl .esicential area (4.3o/o), industrial area (3%),institutional area (4.3%), open land (C.7%l ano poncs (0.4%).

5.1.5 Slope Stability

The proposed Sanitary Landfill Site is stable and no traces of soil erosion is dis harmfulto waste landfill works.

5.1.6 Air and Noise Level

etecffiWffi{ E*d#As the proposed sanitary landfill area in ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC of Bara District lies inthe rural settings not affected by industrial emissions, vehicular movement and otherinfrastructures developments, the air and noise of the subproject area is assumed fair atpresent condition.

lnformation on air quality of Birgunj is scanty. The only available data is B-hour surveyconducted in 2000 (Table 5.1). lt shows a very high concentration of particulate matters lessthan 10 microgram and total suspended particulates in the air as compared to the nationalstandard and the standards fixed by WHO. Birgunj had higher carbon monoxide and leadconcentration in the air as compared to other part of the country located in middle hills.

Source: Nepal Health Research Council and Nepat Enviio ,

Nepal Gazette B.S. 2060/4/19 (August 2003).

Many families within the project VDC are using fuel-wood and dung-cakes for cooking.lndoor pollution is another environmental problems associated with health hazard.

The landfill site area does not have any form of noise pollution as such because there is nooutside encroachment. The vehicular movement is very low with no industry nearby. Thenearest settlement from the proposed SLF is Mushharwa in Bishrampur VDC which is 2kmeast of SLF and ltiyahr settiement located around 2km North East of SLF Nagwa ward No.19 of Birgunj Municipali:y is a:ound 1km west of SLF connected by existing gravel road.

abte 5.1: PM TSP NO2, CO, and Pb Measurements

Site Altitude(masl) Date Time

ParametersPMlO

(us/mt)TSP

(uq/mt)so2

(uq/m3)N02

(uq/m3)co

(uq/rn3)Pb

(uo/m3)Birgunj 091 30t11/2400 10:00

18:00

782.90 567.80 63.00 23.00 378.00 0.27

To 3rance 120 230 70 80 '10,000 050

I

J

iiJJdilJ;

T;

Ta,:$

g

6&a\

d

t's

1

Id4[t

5.1.7 Water Quality

(a) Surface Water

The surface water quality of Singaha river flowing nonh io south at the western side of the

proposed landfill site is fairly good. The surface water quality sampled and tested at

upstream and downstream of the landfill site is presented in Annex 8. People are very much

concerned about the surface water to be polluted by Solid Waste dumping operation.

(b) Ground Water

Ground water quality of the project area was tested taking sample from nearby tube well.

The quality of the water was noted potable for drinking purpose. The physical and chemical

characteristic of the groundwater is kept in Annex 8.

5.1.8 Odor Level

Presently, therd is no odor problem encountered in the project vicinity. ln other words, the

project area is quite pristine in terms of air, noise and odor level.

5.2 Biological Environment

The subproject area does not fall in any restricted areas, places of cultural, historical and

archeological importance / monuments, conservation areas, wild life national parks, and any

other places where the law of the land prohibits any construction activities. Parsa Wildlife

Reserve is located around 31km north of proposed Sanitary Landfill Site. lt is indicated in

Figure 3.1: Location Map.

5.2.1 Flora and Fauna

The proposed SLF consists of agricultural land with sparse vegetation mostly concentratedat the western part constituting trees of girth size ranging from 0.3m to 0.90m. The details ofthe major trees noted within the proposed landfill site area are as follows:

tt

:rrS,Nti;: Tiee,Size (Girth)1 >0.30 - 0.60m Masala (Eucalyptus camaldulensls), Sisau

(dalbergia sisso), Sirish (albizia sp), Teak(tectona grandis), Biruwa, Kukath (l ndigofereatropurpurea), Chhatiban, Bachkarai, Mango(magnifera indica), Jamun (syzygium cumini),Runi, Nimbu (azadirachta indica), Sohajan,Gaqal, Pithwa

633

2 >0.60 - 0.90m Sirish (albizia sp), Sisau (dalbergia srsso),M asa Ia (E u caly pt u s cam al d u lensr's), Bach karai,Tilka, Mango (magnifera indica), Bel, Kathar,Runi, Gular, Bayar, Pithwa, Kadam, Simal(Bombax ceiba var. leiocarpum), Kt-ikath( I nd iqofe re atro p u rp u re a)

92

J >0.90 - 1.80m

.;ii" - \..-

Pithwa, Peeple (ficus religiosa,), Kadam(a nthoce p h a I u s c h i n e n sis), S isau (d al b e rg i a st'sso/,

Manoo ( maqnifera indica), Bachkarai

8

ItrIrItIr!:rTrrIrrrrTrI

Almost all the area within the r:-'-- ::: rr : --:=- :_: .a::- and built up area. There is nonatural forest area with consrce'e: e s:i :r:"::i e ':,,* E3:cnes of orchard and nurseriesscattered in different places. The ":-: ::e:"e: ':*-: - E ig;nj are Sisau (dalbergia sisso),siris (albizia sp), Kadam (anihcs€:-. -: :- -:--r: a-: !-cves of Bamboo poioax sp,S.Groves of bamboo are common'c--: ' ... =-'.2 ric:;c scecies such as Sapeta is aisofound in different parts of Birgur. (a-s a-t ir3--,31 a.: aiso found in the flood plain andbanks along the river.

Mammals reporled from the subcrc.es: et.z e'. Nyaur, (Herpestes edwardsi), Syal (Canisaureuq and Musa (Ra/fus rattuq.lvlajcr birc scec es repoited are Battai, Bhangera (passerdomestica), Saras (Grus antigonel. S.rga rFsittacala krameri), Koili -(Eudynamys

scolopacea), Parewa (Columba tivia). Dnuk;: (S:..eptopetia orientatb), Dangre (Aeridotheiesfuscus) and Kauwa (Corvus macrorhynchos)

ln the context of fish and other aquatic animals Occasional ponds and seasonal river(Singaha river-) provide aquatic habitais in which snral! fish, frogs and a range ofinvertebrates are invariably found. lt is likely that surface water flows in the wekseason areimportant for the distribution of aquatic organisms. tr..fi&

*"^...;,#d h5.3 socio-economic and cultural Environment ?fr'*.".'lH* F

E 'i+i;=;'ls'd5.3.1 Population, Communities and occupation ttt*

$}S",,sp*o,6i:,.

As per Population Census o'f 2011, total population of the ltiyahi and Bishiampur VDC is6,659 and 6,321 and household numberis g77 and g12 respectively. Male comprisesabout53.24% while female 46.76% for ltiyahi and 52.46% male and 47.54% female for BishrampurVDC. The population by caste/ethnic group comprises Muslim (13.43%), Tharu (11.31%),Yadav (10.43%), Brahmin Hil (5.29o/o), Kanu (4.64%), Koiri (4.51%), Teti (4.11%), Chamar,harijan (4.11%), Kurmi-(3.95%), Tamang (3.47o/o), Kalwar (3.34%) and Chhetri (3.09%).Total literacy rate is 55%. (District and vDC profite of NepaL2ale.

Similarly, As per census 2011, Birgunj Municipality had a total population of 135,904 withannual district growth rate of 1.90o/o. Male comprises about 53.405o/o and female 46.595%.There are more than 70 caste/ethnic groups. Among them 20 caste/ethnic groups havepopulation more than 1% in the total population. Those are Muslim (17.4%), Kanu (7.3%),Hill Brahamin (7.3o/o), Kurmi (5.9%), Newar (5.6%), Katwar (4.so/o), naanryaoi (4.4%), sonai\I1"1"), chhetry (3.9%), Baniya (3.3%), Kayastha (3.3%), yadav (2.7o/o), Terai Brahamin(27%), Teti (2.4%), Tharu (1.a%), Koiri (1 7%), Rajput (.a%), eiohae (1.4%), Dhanuk(1 .3o/o) and Nuniya (1 .2o/o). (District and vDC profite oi Nepat-2010).

About 52% of the Population involved in economic activity above 10 years of age iseconomically active. Majority of the economically active population is engaged in agricrllturefollowed by trade, service and labor. Total literacy rate is 6g.5%,

"oilpiiring of lg.Zl"l"

among rnale and 57.72% among female. The town is experiencing high level ofr:n-rnigration.This has resulted into the emergence of squatter settlement in severaiareas of the town

Total literacy rate is 39.4% for Bishrampur VDC and 32.7% for ltiyahi. Economically activepopulation is engaged in agricuiitrii-e followed by trade, service and Iabor. (District and VDCprofile of Nepal-2)1 0).

JJJJJita

t

5.3.2 Project Affected Family

There are no project affected families within the proposed landfill site area. All the land areais owned by the Birgunj Municipality. Temporary structures and people living illegally withinthe project area are nil, thus land acquisition and resettlement issues need not to beassessed. The waste collection and transporlation will be carried out within the existingfootprint without affecting the private properties of Birgunj Municipality. The nearestsettlement from the proposed SLF is Mushharwa in Bishrampur VDC which is 2km east ofSLF and ltiyahi settlement located around 2km North East of SLF. Nagwa ward No. 19 ofBirgunj Municipality is around 1km west of SLF connected by existing gravel road. However,detail of land owner whose land has been acquired by the Municipality is presented underSection 5.3.10 under this Chapter.

5.3.3 Health and Sanitation

Bara District consists of 1 Government hospital, 4 primary health care centre, 11 healthposts, 83 sub health posts, 300 primary health care out reach clinic and 492 EPI clinic.Present sanitation coverage is 17 .49% - rural and 52.50% - urban, and present water supply.cover.age is 88.04% - rural and 100% in urban.

Birgunj has I hospitals, 2 institute of medical sciences, 2 Nursing Homes and one clinic.Those hospitals are Narayani zonal hospital, A.M.C hospital, Sabottam Maternity home,Kediya eye hospital, Shiva hospital, Shree Ram hospital, national medical hospital, and M.B.Kediya dental hospital. The present sanitation coverage of ltiyahi and Bishrampur is 19.06%while water supply coverage is 88.58%.

The common diseases reported are gastroenteritis and diarrhea. lt may be due to poor waterquality, Iack of proper surface drainage systems and solid waste management.

According to Municipality Profile (2007), there are approximately +.li main and 40.54 kmtributary drains for storm water discharge. These existing drains are not adequate. So,inundation and flooding during rainy season are common.

There is no centralized sewerage collection and disposal system in Birgunj. The presentsystem of sewage disposal is the on-site sanitation with septic tank and soak pits. TheMunicipality Law requires each household to construct a toilet and a septic tank. About 51%households do have modern toilet, additional22o/o households have ordinary toilet but 25%households do not have toilet. Though most of the houses do have septic tank, but very fewhave soak pits for soaking away the effluent of the septic tank. The disposal of the septictank effluent directly to open road-side drains is causing serious environmental and healthhazard. During the dry period, the situation is worst due to absence of diluting storm water.The municipality does not have facilities for the collection and disposal of the septic tanksolids. Generally the private operators provide these kinds of services and were found todispose the solids in the road side drains or in the vacant land. As a result the possibility ofinfecting from water borne diseases inclu_ding germination of mosquito in the region is veryhish d'xh k5.3.4 Solid Waste Management

ql, "

-. f i^

Solid waste is cottected by ,,rrr+*#U#ij,* ,-;r"",des waste conection and sweepingservices. The containers/bins *" prrffiffiitbient strategic locations which are used by

il,II

TrIrrrrrrrrrrttIIr

households, rnstitutions and the cc--e-:: :::::. - --.-.:,,,- Ti.:ere is no organized door_to-door collection system in Birg;- *,':.: -:., -i,, :, :-: ^:_seholds dispose their wastestiil in public places and only 1C 5:, -:-s=-: :: -:: --,:r . aces or containers. Waste istransported using tractors and cc--- :-::-: - -.-:::sc.ce of a permanent sanitarydumping site, a daily estimated 4- 5- ::-: :. I z--z:. _r c3.g dumped haphazardly alongriver banks, ponds, by-pass roac ar: ::=- ::=::> ',i3-i,,ai-eas of those places are proneto serious health hazard

5.3.5 lndustries

Around 43 industries are registerec a:: a:3rci/ei ln the Bara district most of themconcentrated near Tribhuvan Rajmargh in ce:,,,een Bir-gunj and pathlaiya road.

According to district profile (2007), mcre tnai '163 ciifferent type of industries are locatedwithin the Birgunj municipality. The major types are soap, plastic, textile, garment, metal,leather, distillery, pharmaceutical etc. Tnere are many big and small industries located alongBirgunj-Simara Highway in the upstream area. Many industries do not have affluenttreatment facilities and it is directly disposed to local streams. As a result. local streamsdownstream from the site of such streams are polluted. Sirsiya river which is frequenflvflooded in the western part of the municipality is highty poiluted from efftuent gf-&frf&discharged in the river. rt has increased the risk of hearth hazard. .,* &ffi5.3.6 Agriculture Development { o=i*}*ru, ,$t4g^%>'-,*

r-.' ;:'i'.. #Agriculture is still the major source of family income of majority of people ri"irg ffiiai *g->city core' Paddy, wheat, maize,jute, sugarcane, potato are the major crops iro*fr1fi't11fl''area' Lentills and peas are also grown. The fruits commonly grown are mango, Ieechi,pineapple, banana and lemon. Similarly, vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, lady finger arealso grown

5.3.7 lnfrastructure Facitities

Water Supply: The main source of drinking water in Birgunj and Bara is the deep tube wellground water. Bara District consists of total 18,633 taplpipeO water system and 85,671tubewell/hand pump. At present there are four pumping'siations operated by Nepal WaterSupply Corporation that supply 8 million liters oi *rierio the Sub-metropotitln city. Nearly6'067 households have piped water supply facility, 1,210 households have drinking waterfacility from public shallow tube wells and z,8tg house'holds have drinking water facility fromshallow tube wells. The water quality from deep tube wells is reported to Le safe for drinkingwater but from shallow tube wells is usually contaminated by surface water and seepage o1wastewater.

Communication: Birgunj has good communication system. More than 13,g00 telephone linehas been distributed. There are three post offices, iow FM radios, 6 currier services andquite a few internet facilities within the municipality. More than 199 daily, weekly, monthlyand quarierly newspapers are published.

Similarlyr Bara distr-ict possesses around 4270 telephone line. There are 1 distr-!ct post office,13 regionai post on'ice. 70 acciticnat post office faciiities with 35 daiiy, weekiy, monthiynewspapers.

Transportation: Birgu:r a : 3a': cistrict is quite accessible lt is Iinked with different placesvia the Tribhuvan Ra'oa:^ 3^c ;asi-West Highway. There are around B3km black toped

"i

:l

road,6gkm gravel road and 16km earthen road in Bara District. Similarly, there are 115 km

of black topeO road, g3 km graveled and 82 km earthen roads and a number of trails within

the municipality. Overall r.oJdr in Birgunj are in a poor condition. Simara Airport is located

about ZZkmto the north of the city. there are more than 5200 Riksa,313 Tempu and 456

Tanga in Birgunj providing transporlation services. Traffic congestion particularly in the city

centre is observed.

Electricity: Electricity supply operated by NEA is from the national power grid' There are

more than 1524s service connections in which 14,100 is for the purpose of domestic use'

g60 for industrial, 50 for commercial and 8 for drinking water. In Bara district, total 74'169

population use electricity, 31,934 kerosene, 179 biogas and 926 solar energy'

Electricity is mainly used by majorities for lighting purpose whereas wood is still found to be

major rolr." of energy fortverilt domestic purposes i.e. cooking and boiling. Kerosene and

dung patch/cake ,r"fl.o used by large number of peopte. lt shows the higher possibility of

infection from the indoor pollutions.

lnstitutions: Birgunj is also an administrative centre. There are more than 70 regional and

district level administrative offices located within this municipality. There are more than 48

primary schools, 7 lower secondary, 40 secondary, 3 higher secondary schools, 10

campuses and 1S technical and comfutertraining institutions within this municipality. Many

INGOs and NGOs are working in the Municipality'

ln Bara district, there aretotal 58 pre-primary, 14 primary, l2lowersecondary' 9 secondary

and 7 higher secondary schools.

5.3.8 Qualities of Life Values

The proposed sub-project is not expected to adversely affect any cultural or recreational

resources but will increase the existing quality of life values due to the improvement in

-hygiene and health. Several mitigation measures have been proposed in order to reduce

adverse environmental impacts wherever it is necessary'

5.3.9 Historical/Religious Sites/Practices/Culture

Maisthan, Birta, Alakhiya, Gita, Mahabirsthan temple, Bisma stupa are some of the

historically and religiously important places in the Birgunj Municipality. The nearest world

heritage site i.e Chitawan National Park is located more than 35km far from this area'

5.3.10 Project Affected PeoPle

(a) Land Acquisition Details

The following are the detail of project affected people whose land has been acquired by the

BSMC for development of Sanitary Landfill site at ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC of Bara

District. BSMC has paid reasonable compensation for the land intake and the project

affected people are satisfied with the compensation provided by BSMC. Now the land is

owned by BSMC. lt is to be noted that the entire land owner resides in Birgunj Municipality

though their land is located in Bara Distt-ict'

r::

-:

mC

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irrrrtrIItIII

I

I

i ,t 4ân.;r:: l --' -l__

Lano owner Name Trfr" Land Location-:1]i:

I Ram Chano'

prabhu pree ishrampur_9 Bar

'a-a

'a

ttlaj-al

1

a

q4

Nagwa, BirqLln 19Nagwa, Airgunjf g

_llagyq, eirquni- o5

!r',lrg*r, qtrgrE_19-

6r\irgwa, urrgunj_19

N D7

oo

Art.,

i,,lggwa, Birquni_.19Naowa R;

10 t\l11 =;-----r::_-' 116 t gcsnambhu Prasad an"% I ltivarri-z E r-{ut rJ- | v

Itiyahi-7, BaEr\dgwir, Elrqunl INagwa, BrrgunFlg

12 MaH /u ) a6? Itivahi-Z na

Arnri?a o.

srrrampur_9, Bara Nagwa, ArgffiLo+ 4 Bishrampur-glBaraIVUZ 2 Bishram^,1'o -E

dt

f\/lina l-l^'

a )at.o

ttzr(ryct u-/ , t1afa Nagwa, Birdnjrg6 Itiyahi-7, Bara-Itryahi-7. Bara

-

lJlshr:mn, rr ar D

173 614 949 1.5

15 Sri KantiD;; srralal479 3.5247

lulfar [-/ , tJarato Lakhiya Kumin 0.80 Itiyahi-7, BaE

502 rydgwa, btrgunl_19

(lh ha+h 950rpu[-y, Eara Nagwa, Birgu+1,

17 4.5 Bishr:m^,,. oIUUIII

Vre n^621 2.38 Flich626 0.63

tr)dl il Negrya, Birquni_1918

3:l=+s!,.+.u\-naurastya 802 6.73rragwa, ulfgunl_19

19 569 6.50 Fffi Nagwa, Birgu+19Ramhhr n^'-l

2A Jogindar M;hato Kotri

.h

1612 779 8 iI::l_:t,1E:I -Y, Par i,

Hlshrrmnrrr o D^-^ lggqa, Birquni_19

21 618 0.25 Bishramn,,-o-Er\dgwa, otrgUnl_19

22rJuS ontn 76 7.5

615 uur-v, bara Illggwa, eirafii_le23 R

I\ /l:

D 8 RiqhI Da[al 424 0.72 Rioh.

r\ilgwa, UtrqUni_19

1425 0.72 I.lllY' lIllt I -v, oilr aBlShramnr rr-o D^-^

r\agwa, Birgunj_.19

422 0.72 Bishrem^.Io o1423 0.72 Bishraqrpur-g, Bara

24 1426 0.72 Bishrem^, '. o[u notil 495 B Rich.^86 37s

ryur -v, Ddt iiRich

Nagwa, Birgu.tto616 0.25

dBishram^rlo o

25 617 2.75 Bishr:-^,,;;rndr ro. cnaurasiya 326 5 tflyant-/, Bara t\lto RarnH tl't / 1.25 Bishram",, '-o-E

yuru-ty

27 325 5ParR"t'

Srb

nl-

me\^/2f; l-)orri D Irryant-/, Bara NI

28 nsa@ 1218 7tr Bishramî--o E, tey vyq, utr g U ill_ l y

121s 1.25 9yva, urrqunl_19.hnirr= Q

327uror rr dr I rpu[_y, bafa Nagwa, Btrgunjf g6 Itivahi-Z nar:

4Et.J _i!yglri-7, Bara Nagwa, Birgu+192 _!!iyahi-7, Barab Itiyahi-7, Bara

')i 0.5 Itivahi-7 nJI 4fi J BisnrampuEg, garaUnlV Shankar Pe i N Q;-^

4 5 Itiyahi-7, Baran- '' -.. '1!i wa, ulrqun 19

:,,i[and,.,,,Kitta.rl:rNO-..'

:Area' ,in .

Kattha1216 1.25 Bishrampur-9, Bara

32 Nakchhed Pandit Kumhar 480 0.60 Bishrampur-9, Bara Naowa. Birouni-'1933 Laxmi Raut Kurmi 92 5 liiyahi-7, Bara Naqwa, Birquni-1934 Ramjeet Raut Ahir 94 o Itivahi-7, Bara Nagwa, Birgunj-19

o7 A Itiyahi-7, Bara35 Bhola Prasad Barai 1 003 aE Bishrampur-9, Bara Naqwa, Birquni-19Jb Babu Lal Prasad Barai 0.85 Bishrampur-9, Bara Naowa. Birquni-19J/ Som Prasad Chaurasiva 0.85 Bishrampur-9, Bara Naqwa, Birquni-'1938 Rai Dev Prasad Barai 0.80 Bishrampur-9, Bara Naqwa, Birquni-19?o Durpati Barain 1650 2.75 Bishrampur-9, Bara Nagwa, Birgunj-19

550 A Itiyahi-7, Bara40 Janqi Raut kurmi 99 4.50 Itiyahi-7, Bara Naqwa. Birquni-1941 Rup Naravan Mahto Kushwaha 98 14 Bishrampur-9, Bara Naqwa. Birouni-19A) Shubh I'Jarai,an Prasad A,t o A'A aiohramn,'r o a-.ûror I ql I rvut -J! uql q t\l^^..,^ D;.^,,^; .'t l.)rrqqvvq, uil\-lur rl- I w

43 Baijnath Prasad Barai 1649 2.75 Bishrampur-9, Bara Nagwa, Birgunj-19549 b Itivahi-7, Bara

44 Biiav Chaurasiva 97 1 Itiyahi-7, Bara Naqwa. Birquni-1945 JayRam Prasad Barai 248 0.80 Itivahi-7, Bara Nagwa, Birgunj-19

891 0.90 Bishrampur-9, Bara46 Jaqdish Raut Barai 88 1.60 Bishrampur-9, Bara Naqwa, Birquni-1947 Chanraman Raut Barai 95 5.50 Bishrampur-9. Bara Naqwa. Birouni-1948 TaramatiYadav 87 1.60 Bishrampur-9, Bara Birquni-1840 Taramati Barai 89 2.42 Bishrampur-9. Bara Birouni-1850 Prati 82 1.50 Bishrampur-9, Bara Naqwa, Birquni-1951 Madan Raj, including Munna 677 4.0 Nagwa, Birgunj-19

679 5.17681 10683 1.2507 19 0)6 0.75

etr 08 1.75109 2.54

52 Jagadish Raut Ahir 'T,.r.., :,'i 84 '1.60 Bishram$ur-9, Bara Naowa. Birouni-19

JIilrrIrrrrrr

(Source: Birgunj Municipality),;i,:*-.r{S

(b) Population Composition and Sex

The total households and population of the Displaced person available during survey inSanitaryLandfill Siteareas arc41 and234 respectively.Thesexratioof thetotal populationis found to be 108 female and 126 male. The number of male is higher (53.85%) comparedto the female population (46.15%). The average size of the household is 5.71. The detailsare presented in Table below.

Distribution of Populatian by Sex..,:: ::::.,:tr rr:r:aiiil..i:::r..i::t:l. :.' . a a:.i:i:.::1.:, ta,'.:..,'a.t i!r: :a..:.l.ra:a i: : t::t:.::.

,VDC.1i:ia,: j:..rr :,,i::rir::: :_j,;;,rir:i::: :r t: j;i,'. .'. :.:.,:t:,|:t.t: :: ! :it. :... : ::: :t:. - . r:r: . r i: lr ,:;: .:::

: ! :r:;a ,._i r:-_1: .:: , ii

li'ij;'W iil-.'r::ji.l:ai:: r::i:i: lrr:i:: i.-

HHs,,to1"1 ,, .:Female Male - '-. -:'.

Hoputatton

I Lanei Fiil Site,Itiyahi &Bishrampur

itiyahi-7 &Bishrampur-9

4t {UU 5. /'l

Source: Field Survey, May 2013

IIIrIrrrrrIrII

(c) Ethnicity Composition

The major ethnic/caste group curren:,,Sanitary Landfill site area is as give. :

Major ethnic/caste

acie during survey within the

IIII

Source: f ien Suruey, Uay ZU S

The distribution caste/ethnicity groups have been designated in various order based onNFDIN category' According to NFDIN, Brahaman ,no-cr',r,"tri group are found nil. similadfno indigenous group is found under Aadibasi Janjatis category. Dhobi and Dusadh under theTarai Dalit is found 3. ln the similar way Ahir, Kurmi, Kumhar, Teli, Kalwar, sonar, Koiri,Kanu, Hajam, Baniya are kept under Other Backward group.

(d) Educationat Status'

out of the total population about 43.84% are illiterate. The reietflement survey revealed thatabout 28.77% have compretqd primary rever study, abour ;;;;;';;;"";;;=oreted the highschool level study and abou't' 4-oYo have entered the college level education. There were 2absentee HH in Land fill site at ltiyahi/Bishrampur. (source: Fietd survey, secondary Townlntegrated lJrban Environmentar tmproviment project May 2013)

(e) Occupation

The major and primary source of income of most of the HHs of the affected area istrade/business' The maximum about 14.96% household families are dependent on thisprimary source which is a considerable number. The people engaged in the agricultureprofession are about 14.960/o which seems to be surprising in the context of project area.The third highest source of income is the employment to government and private sectorwhich is about 2'56% household families. A considerable number of young people from theaffected project area are also engaged in foreign employment in Gulf countries. About5'56% of the total population is engaged in waged labour. Apart from this, 21.2g% peopleare found engaged in household chores. similarly, 3g.gg% people is found student andstudying in different school and colleges. (source : Fierd suruey, secondary Town tntegratedUrban Environrnenta! lmprovement project !,lay 2013)

(0 Debt

During the resettlement survey. all ihe respondents were asked about their existing debt.The survey data reveals tha: majority of the households about 53.65% family members have

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debt and the remaining 46.35% households do not have any debt. Out of the total

households, who have the debt, about 60.87% have borrowed the loan from the Bank.

Likewise, 13.04o/o have borrowed the loan from the Cooperatives and about 21-74%

households have borrowed money from the relatives on 0 % interest. (Source: Field Survey,

Secondary Town lntegrated lJrban Environmental lmprovement Proiect May 2013)

(g) Level of lncome bY Status

The survey data reveals that out of 41 displaced HHs, entire 100o/o of HHs are having

monthly income more than Rs. 30,000 per month. The ranges between below 5000, 5000 to

10,000, 10,000 to 20,000 and 20,000 to 30,000 is found nil. The average monthly household

income of the project areas is found to be 43.944.22 al land fill site at Bishrampur and ltiyahi.

The project area seems to be of urban nature, the percentage of people engaged in

agriculture profession is found small compared to another profession. Most of the people

ai-e found engaged either in ii'ade bi;siness oi- in sei-vice or foreigr-r ernpioyment. So ihe

average income level of family is quite satisfactory. (Source: Field Survey, Secondary Town

lntegrated U rban Environmental lmprovement Proiect May 201 3)

(h) Women Status

From the survey analysis it was found that in the affected area women are rnainly

responsible for the domestic work tike fetching water, cooking, cleaning works (like house,

cloths, utensils etc) and child care. But in case of some nuclear family, male were also found

involved in fetching of water, cooking and cleaning works. But the situation is just reverse in

the case of traditional joint families, where male dominance is prominent. (Source: Field

Survey, Secondary Town lntegrated t)rban Environmental lmprovement Proiect May 2013)

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6. ENVIRONMENTAL IM PAC- A \ D UlITIGATION

ldentification and prediction o: e-, -:-*:-:: -:::::actions/activities of the Projeci c -. -; :-: : : - :: -- :: : -Both beneficial and adverse inrcac:s a'= z- = ,:::

Potential environmental impacis or D'..s:: :-: l-:-:ai. Biological and Socio-econornicand cultural aspects are ideniifiec a^: c'3:::3: casei on the existing environmentalcondition with respect to the propcsec.'c.e::'r:er-ventions in terms of type of impact(direct/indirect), their magnitude (io,',' nicce-a:e nrgh) duration (short term/ mediumterm/long term), and extent (site specificrrcca 'eg onai/global).

6.1 Beneficial lmpact

The direct benefit from the sub-project will be for Birgunj Municipality whose solid waste willbe disposed off for 15 years. Thereafter the site will be developed as a recreational facilitydepending upon the view of the local people. During the preparation of the landfill site,infrastructural faciIities such as roads, electricity, telecommunication facilities will beestablished in the sub-project area which can be extended to the sub-project area vicinity.Apart from these benefits, the sub-project will provide employment opportunity duringconstruction and operation stages.

Beneficial impacts due to the implementation of the proposal during construction andoperation phases have been assessed and further enhancement measures are suggested.Local potential areas have been identified that can be promoted to enhance the localeconomy. They are related mainly to improving the livelihoods of the local / poor people. Thelikely beneficial impacts envisaged during construction and operation stages of the Proposalare as described below.

6.1.1 Beneficial lmpact - Construction Stage

Likely beneficial impacts of the sub-project during construction stage are.

(i) Employment Opportunities to Local Peopte

Benefit

Large number of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be required during theconstruction of the sub-project. Public consultation during scoping revealed that peopleexpects employment opportunrty from the project, whether it is skilled/unskilled labour oradministrative section. However these will be considered and priority will be given to thelocal people depending upon their qualification and availability. The employment opportunitywill increase the income level of the local people. Local people will generate substantialincomes from unskiiieci and serr.r-skilied jobs. The amount of money that is injected in theurban economy in the f3"r- c' '.',,age earnings will directly enhance the initiation of variousancillary economic ac: /:iis a': e-terprise development. The impact is thus direct, of highsignificance, local b.i -r-.l: .:-- ^ nature lf the earned wage income is saved and utilizedfor micro-enterprises ::-:':s :a- ce for Iong term duration.

-:.e ceen made for the proposed:-: cceration stages of the Project.

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Enhancement Measures

The project will render first priority to the local people who wish to work in the sub-project.The project will maintain the roster of local people and will offer employment based on

his/her skill. The employment will increase the income level of that family. The project willprovide necessary training, if required, depending upon the nature of the work offered.

A binding clause will be included in the contractor's agreement to give first priority to the

local people while hiring both skilled and unskilled Iabor forces and will ensure to give daily

wages or monthly wages equal to the official district rates. The project information will be

disseminated through pamphlets and other printed materials regularly.

(ii) Technical Skills and Know-how

Deneilt

During the implemeniation of the sub-project works, the local laborers will receive manifoldskill training in construction techniques, small engineering structures, bio-engineering works,operation of heavy equipments, spoil handling, laying of horizontal liners etc. They also willreceive additional knowledge in waste management, material handling, composting andgeneral application of environmental health and social precautionary measures. The trainingprogram is being rendered under the project through the involvement of separate NGO withthe cost being borne by the sub-project. The impact is direct, of high significance, local andlong term in nature.


The sub-project will give first priority to the local people while rendering training program.

The training program to enhance their skill in various construction related work will augmenttheir capacity and the local people involved in the sub-project will find it easier to find skilledmanpower jobs in the future,occupation to agriculture.

(iii) Local Economy

Benefit

With the implementation of the sub-project, there will be increase in economic activities suchas business, rental of houses etc. Marketing the local products to the sub-project employeesand the construction workers will increase income of the local people. Furlhermore,construction workers and project staffs will have good purchasing power, and increases inconsumption of local products will likely improve the local economy. tt will also result to theflow of significant amount of cash into the local economy and additional income generation

opportunities will be opened.

The impact will be indirect in nature and the magnitude. extent ano ouration of the irnpacts

will be high, local and shortterm respectively.

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The project will designate ceta., :.-=: ., -- - :-: :-:"::: a-ea for the operation of teastalls and grocery shops to sell ic:a :-::-::s s-:- :: ,::3::cres rice, pulses, eggs, milks,ghee, chicken, mutton etc. to ihe e:-::-: ::ss: = -= :-:.e:::hrough its NGO will rendertraining to local farmers and trace's i, -; :: :--:-:= s. s : modern techniques of cashcrop and livestock productions anc - :-.3-:" s:s ::,= :;*reni activities suitable to fulfilllikely demands from the work fcrce. T-: s-:-:':-3.: ,,, e^courage its staff and constructionworkers to purchase local prodLrcts i: c':=-.: -: ::-.3:cncmic condition of localfarmers.

(iv) Local Development Activities

Benefit

The proposed sub-project area is Iocatec n the rural area just outskirt of urban settings. Theexisting access road from Nagwa, ward '19 of Birgunj Municipality is earthen providing poormobility. The infrastructure development considered under the project design cost includesprovisions such as upgrading of existing road to bituminous standard and extension ofelectricity will provide smooth mobility and benefit to the nearby settlements.

As per the demand of the local people, the sub-project has provisioned NRs. 4,000,000(four million) for the construction of well managed cemetery nearby proposed landfill siteand contribution to the local schools, temples for its development. The contribution to schoolwill cover supply of black boards, chalks, Duster, sports materials, improvement ofplayground etc. The Birgunj Municipality will finalize the location for the construction ofcemetery and select the schools requiring development assistance. The magnitude, extentand duration of the beneficial impact is predicted as high, regional and long-termrespectively.


The support for the development activities will ensure its sustainability arrangement.

6.1.2 Beneficial lmpact - Operation Stage

Likely beneficial impacts of the sub-project during operation stage are:

(i) Employment Generation to Local people

Benefit

Upon completion of the construction work, the sub-project will definitely require somepermanent posts for the smooth operation and regular maintenance of the sub-project. Localpeople will be given preference during recruitment of necessary personnel for administrativeand technical works according to their qualifications and skills. These will give permanentincome source to some of the local people. The number of posts required could bequantified during cnset of operat'on phase Ho',^rever. the requlred numbers will not be brg.

During operation stage envircrrental impacts would be of indirect nature. The magnitude,extent and duration ci l-:i-.aris r,vill be low, local and long-term respectively.

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Enhance.ment Measures

Employment opportunity will be provided to the local peopie.

(ii) Developed lnfrastructure for Solid Waste Disposal

The sub-project will provide solid wastes disposal facilities for the Birgunj Municipality foraround estimated 15 years. The total capacity of the landfill siie is around 0.78 million m3.

The developed infrastructure will faciliiate in sanitary disposal of solid wastes which wili

reduce environmental risk associated with health hazard and improve environment, health

and hygiene of the people as compared to the present haphazard dumping of solid waste in

:o',v iand area and ponds. The sub-project will enhance the efficiency in collection and

transporlation of wastes which will avoid Iittering of waste and will help in keeping the city

envii'onment clean.

Asioe from landfill cells area for the deposition of residual wastes in a properly engineeredmanner, the sub-project provisions composting center where bio-degradable waste will be

separated, shredded, place them into windrow compost piles, transfer to compost maturationbins, post-harvest screening/packaging, and final storage and sale of compost product tofarmers. Waste resource processing center will also manage recyclable waste for storage

and linking the products after light processing with buyers, consolidators and junk shops.With this activity, the Municipality will generate permanent income source during operation

stage.

As per the demand of the local people, the Municipality has been recommended to make an

arrangement for sale of compost product in a cheaper rate to the local farmers residing innearby villages who are indirectly affected by the sub-project development.

This will be the direct impact at regional level. The magnitude, extent and duration of theimpacts will be high, regional and long-term respectively.


The lifespan of the disposal site has been estimated in consideration of the proposed "after

waste reduction" at community and municipal level through community composting, wasteprocessing. The compost prepared from solid wastes is quite popular in the kitchen gardens

and the process of recycling of the waste will yield reusable materials as well as provide

employment and business opportunities to many people.

The local farmers will receive compost product in a cheaper rate from the sub-project which

will enhance their farming works.

(iii) Reclamation of Landfill Site

Upon saturation of the landfill site, it has been planned to develcc :he site as the recreationground which could be used by the local communities as weli as ceople from Birgunj and

Kalaiya. This benefit is expected to come after quite some tirie :1c,tever, once the site is

fully developed for the recreation purpose it could remain in ser', :e 'or a very long period ifproperly maintained and operated. The magnitude, extent anc o-:a: c" c'this benefit will be

medium, local and long term respectively.

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The cost of developing.the landfi; s:eproject cost.

(iv) Local Develbpment Activities

Benefit

play ground will be part of

The supporl from BSMC and GoN wiit be cc-:^-:::or tne d of the local areaduring operation phase also. As a reflec:icr c' ::: current political environment, the localpeople have been using the landfill site as a 'u,crurn to bargain for fulfillment of theirdemands. There have been a number of incicenis cf obstructing the disposal of waste byIocal people for reasons not necessarily reiateo ic ihe waste disposal. The magnitude, extentand duration of the benefltwill be high. regional and long term.

E ii h ance m e nt fi,fiea su res

The available budget shall be spent on plans and programs. Allocation of fund from thegovernment for local development activities is at the discretion of the government authority.Since the local community has accepted waste of the people from the Birgunj Municipality,they have the right to get compensation for their gesture. Hence it is proposed that thecommunity should get the development fund through the incoming waste in the landfill siterather than depending on the discretion of Government authority. Assuming nominal tippingfee per ton of waste could be used for the operation of the landfill site as well as for thedevelopment activities of the local affected area.

6.1.3 Corporate Social Responsibitity (CSR)

The direct benefit from the sub-project will be for8irgunj Municipality whose solid waste willbe disposed off for 15 years. Thereafter the site will be developed as a recreational facilitydepending upon the view olthe local people. During the preparation of the landfill site, localpeople from Ward 7 of ltiyahi and Ward g of Bishrampur VDC of Bara District and projectaffected people mostly residence of Nagwa 19 of Birgunj Municipality whose land has beenacquired will be benefited with the establishment of infrastructural facilities such as roads,electricity, telecommunication facilities by the Project. The Project has also introducedvarious enhancement activities as per the demand of the local people/stakeholders raisedduring Public Hearing Meeting conducted on December 21,2013 at Shree Nepal RastriyaMadhyamik Vidhyalaya, Nagwa, Ward No. 19, Birgunj, Parsa. The enhancement activitiesproposed are summarized as follows.

' The project will render first priority to the iocal people who wish to work in the sub-project. The project will maintain the roster of local people and will offer employmentbased on his/her skill.

' The sub-project will give first priority to the local people while rendering training programto enhance their skill in various construction related work that will augment their capacitythat will ease them to find skilled manpower job in the futur-e. This will ensure theirIivelihood as an alternative/additional occupation to agriculture.

. The project through its NGO will render training to local farmers and traders willing toenhance skills in modern techniques of cash crop and livestock productions and inenterprises development aciivities suitable to fulfill likely demand from the work force.

The sub-c:c,s:: wiil encourage its.,staff and construciion workers to purchase localprooucts ra crc='io uplift the economic condition of locai farmers.

o As per the cenianc of the local people, the sub-project has provisioned NRs. Four Millionfor the cons:rrciion of well .minaged cemetery nearby proposed landfill site andcontribution ic tocal schools, temples for its enhancemenVrenovation. The contribution toschools wiil cover supply of black boards, chalks, duster, sports materials, improvementof playgrouncj etc.

. The life span cf the disposal site has been estimated in consideration of the proposed"after waste reduction" at community and municipal level through communitycomposting, waste processing. The compost prepared from solid wastes is quite popularin the kitchen gardens and the process of recycling of the waste will yield reusablematerials as well as provide employment and business opporlunities to many people.The local farmers will receive compost product in a cheaper rate from the sub-projectrarhinh ratill anhanna ihair larminn rarnrkcr r rI r:i !vui iao-

. Since the local community has accepted waste of the people from the BirgunjMunicipality, they have the right to get compensation for their gesture. Hence it isproposed that the community should get the development fund through the incomingwaste in the landfill site rather than depending on the discretion of Government authority.Assuming nominal tipping fee per ton of waste could be used for the operation of thelandfill site as well as for the development activities of the local affected area.

6.2 Adverse lmpacts and Mitigation Measures

The sub-project activities during construction and operation may create a number of adverseimpacts on physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment as identified inthe approved scoping and Terms of Reference. In order to keep the study as per its ToR,impact on each issue has been identified, predicted and evaluated in the following sub-sections.

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6.2.1 Physical Environment

6.2.1 "1 C onstruction Stage - Physical Environment

(i) Landscape Disturbance

lmpact

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The land to be covered by the proposed landfill site area constitutes paddy field owned bythe Birgunj Municipality. The construction of infrastructures for the sub-project will changethe land use pattern of the area but will not affect much as the land is already owned by theMunicipality. The magnitude, extent and duration of this impact will be low, site-specific andshort{errn respectively.

Mitiqation Measures

The project will do all the necessary needs to minimize disturba^ce :c :ie surrounding areaand all natural drainage channels has been guided to give conii:*:, 13,'-ar-is its natural flowso that no measure alteration in the natural drainage channeis'.2/.

= =:= The cost for themitigatian measures is included in the construction contract.

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ar+_(.i) Land Stabitity and Soit Erosio n a f, itSa ',--itr Ilmpact ^r, , -----. 4l{

The proposed site is a prain terrain c' :e-: z-=. ,,,-.-G;#r frowsborder. At present, the river bank oi i.3 c.:.=:: a.e=.s not disturbed.construction, the river bank slope may cs: r s:_-c.^ -., .r.g rand instabilityproblem The magnitude, extent ani orra: o- c. :..,s i::cact wiil be low,short-term respectively.

Mitiqation Measures

The design drawings includes well planned dr-ainage channels and blacktopped roads allaround including concrete pavement over parking and vehicre wash/maintenance area. Theriver banks are provisioneci with bank proteetion works with gabion waiis and gabionmattress' All the embanked slopes (40,000 m') are provisioned in the design withbroadcasting of grass seeds with seeding rate 2s gmlm2. The cosl ro,, tn, mitiga,onmeasures is included in the construction contract.

(iii) Air Quality, Water euality and Noise Level

lmpacts

The earthworks in excavation for site development, various wastewater stabilization ponds,trench excavation for proposed structures and earthwork filling in development of earthenembanked waste storage'dam, road sub-grade pr"pririion, structural fills, laying of sub-base' base' bituminous-surfacing and plying of verricles within the sub-project area for thetransportation of construction m"aterials tro"rn t," q;*ry site to the construction site andmovement of consultant's and contractor's personnel on'daily basis will add emission of airpollutant in the local atmosphere. This could i*por" ii.r. of health and safety hazard toworkers and nearby resident from dust and other accidents. similarly the constructionactivities will take Place, nea.r the singaha river. The constiuction waste are likely to enter thesingaha river' This coitld change thl-river water qrrritv'or singaha river. The constructionactivities such as operation of -heavy

equipments'wilt increase the noise level at the site.These changes in the natural environment are normal in any construction projects. Hence, itis not significant impact as such. The magnitude, extent and duration of this impact will below, site-specific and shorl_term respective-iy.

Mitiqation Measures

from its westernHowever. duringand soil erosionsite-specific and

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will make effort to reduce themeasures for maintaining noise

Noise Level - Although noise level increase has been evaluated asduring its construction

follows:

insignificant, the projectperiod. The mitigation

nature, duration and likelyconcerns so that these can

norse levellevel are as

consult with the rocar community to inform thern of theeffects of the construction work, and to identify any localbe addressed

. Avoid noise generating aciivities at night.. Minimization of the period cf construction.

. Noise barriers tc be c,aced at appropriate location.' Noise producinc e ^g '-'s i'r'rr ps fitted with noise reducing equipment

. All vehrcles plying in the construction area will bem anufacturer's recommendations.

The cost for mitigation measures is included in construction

maintained regularly as per

contract.

Air Qualitv - ln order to minimize possible changes in air quality, the followingmeasures will be implemented.

Reduce dust by spraying water on stockpiled soil, excavated materials. and spoils.

Construction area and access road to the site shall be maintained damp by periodica

spray of water.

Cover stockpiled construction materials with tarpaulin.Ensure delivery vehicles be covered.Enfcrce construction contractor to produce and implement a site Health and Safety(H&S) Plan that includes: (a) excluding the public from the site, (b) ensure that al;workers are provided with and use appropriate personal protective equipment, (c)H&S training for all site personnel, (d) documented procedures to be followed for alisite activities, and (e) documentation of work-related accidents.The Contractor will implement safety measures against accident risks.All construction vehicles will comply with Motor Vehicles and TransportationManagement Act as amended.

. Ensure use of vehicles complying with NVMES 2069 BS.

The cost for mitigation measures is included in construction contract..!i,..

Water Qualitv - For the minimization of surface water quality during construction, thefollowing mitigation measures will be implemented.

. Surface and groundwater reserves will be protected from any source ofcontamination such as construction and oily waste that will degrade its potablequality.

. Solid wastes shall be disposed off in designated sites and covered so that scatteringof waste by rodents and birds will be avoided.

. Ensure that the construction debris do not find their waycanals which may get clogged.

the drainage or irrigation

Prohibit washing of machinery and vehicles in sudace waters, provide sealedwashing basins and collect wastewater in sedimentation/retention pond.Contractor needs to arrange for sufficient water supplies and proper sanitationfacilities for its labor force.

. Regular water quality monitoring (physic-chemical and microbiologicaltests)according to determined sampling schedule.

The cost for mitigation measures is included in construction contract. However, the

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estimated cost for water quality monitoring provisioned during conss@qg... phase rs NRs.1,260,000 (3 sites x 12 times x 35,000). f ' ;-$ E"i' *] ji(iv) Operation and Ctosure of Quai'ries and Borrow Pits r!

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The sub-project work will require significant quantities of construction ma:erials such as clay,embankment fill material, sand. aggregates, gravel, and chippings eic rvrich are supposed

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to be brought from approved quarry a-: .:'*:r, .: -i:=s -,v:i-action activity could disruptnatural land contour, additional lano :e:-er:::- :_= :: :,ilessive quarrying inviting landdisputes, soil erosion, loss of poien:,a .-.:.-: :ss :, .::eiaiion, scouring of river bedsetc The magnitude of the impact lvlii bs -.: -- 3:ti-i s:e-scecific and the duration shortterm.

Mitiqation Measures

The following mitigation measures wiii be enlc'ce: io :rinimize impact against operation ofquarries and borrow pits.

' Locate and peg quarries and seek apprcval frcm the supervising consultant.' Obtain permission/license for extraction of materials from stakeholders, Municipality,

DDC or VDC as appropriate.

' Locate extraciion siies restricied io si-rraii areas, preferabiy on existing quarr-y sitesand sites without any tree cover, away from dwellings, archeologicai, ieligious orcultural sites, sites which will not alter river flow regime and possess wateiloggingproblem in future, and sites where effects will be temporary.. Prevent ponding of water through adequate drainage.

' The depth of the pits should be regulated so that the sides of the excavation will havea slope not steeper than 1:4.

' Stripped materials shall be stored so as not to disrupt natural drainage and shall beprotected so as not to be eroded into surface waters.. Restore the site maintaining natural contours and vegetation.

This will be a part of the civil works and the cost for mitigation meathe canstruction contract.

il "hil.- I(v) Drainage Alteration and Associated Erosion and sediment %f:lrmpact 6,of]* ""_1rfi.:.

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The construction activities are likely to make temporary drainage alteration resulting soilerosion and sediment transporl in the river. Since, the sub-project area is confined to a smallplain area, such an alteration will be low in magnitude. lt wilt be site specific in location andshort term in duration.

The project will do all the necessary needs to minimize disturbance to the surrounding areaand all natural drainage channels has been guided to give continuity towards its natural flowso that no measure alteration in the natural drainage channels take place. The designdrawings includes,well planned drainage channels within the sub-project area draining it toSingaha, river. As demanded by the locals. the project will initiate building new bridge overSingaha river in place of existrng poorly maintained six meter span bridge along the accessleading to landfill srte. The p.ooosed canal i-oad has been designed with adequate drainagechannel. The cost for tfie mitigatrcn measures for drainage channel and bridge constructionis included in the construc!;:r, ccqtract

(vi) Leakage of Oil, Grease and other Materials

lmpact

Number of light and heavy vehicles will be required for the construction of the sub-project.

These vehicles will use diesel and petrol, engine oil, gear oil, brake oil etc. The labor housing

would require large volume of kerosene for cooking purpose.

The possibility of leakage of oil and grease and other liquid materials cannot be overruled.

The oil if spilled wilt easily spread over the ground and produce eye sore. The oil spill

pollutes the water surface and the dissotved oxygen content of the stream water might be

reduced. The oil leakage would have detrimental impact on the aquatic life. The sub-project

:nvclves bituminous works for road surfacing where release of Bitumen into environment and

i'unoff of bitumen into surface water is inevitable. Fuel wood may be burned for heating

biiumen

Taking note of the limited presence of aquatic species, and use of stream water,

environmental impact will be low in magnitude, the extent is site-specific and duration is

short-term.

Mitiqation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize leakage hazard.

. Construct double berms of concrete around the oil and grease holding structures.

. Fuel wood shall not be used for heaiing bitumen. Bitumen shall be melted in heaters

using kerosene, diesel or gas fuel. *r{dqlp.. Petroleum products will be stored in dedicated areas, not scattereO *totigltHitfoa{and any small accidental spills will be cleared up immediately. t..; .1 $ - g..

. No petroleum products will be discharged into side drains. .^. ' -: jr" ;: t\, ,*' ,,' '..1.J:. "

The cost for the mitigation measures is inctuded in the construction contract. ' Pr\? a ; '&ffi{<'r

(vii) Labor Camp and Solid Waste Disposal Generated by the Construction Workers

lmpact

It is estimated that around 150 numbers of workforce will be required during peak period of

construction. Around 53 kg of solid waste per day is likely to be produced by the workforce.

Pollution of surface and ground water is likely from unsanitary waste disposal practices and

could create social conflicts. The magnitude, extent and duration of this impact will be

m od erate, site-specific and s hortterm respective ly.

Mitiqation Measures

The foliowing mitigaiion measures wiii be impiementeci in orcjer to minimize impact ciue to

solid waste disposal generated by the construction workers.

. Locate, peg and seek approval from Supervising Consultant for laoor camp sites

The cost for the mitigation rneasures is included in the construction contract. a.\

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Camps shall not be locaie: -=a- :=::*:-:s '=-z' !,a:e'suoply intakes; or sites thataffects locals access to dri < ^: .,*:::-Camp shall not be in the vic -:-, :' :-:: := :-:'::r p ains.

Provide and maintain proce'=-'- -; .',:::- s:-',:-aj3 and waste disposal facilities atthe camps.The solid waste generated u, c. s::.'.'.== ''-:^-:egradable waste as plastic, steel,glasses etc. will be recyciec ,',- 3 . r-r.::a.acie waste will be collected anddumped at proper lcca: c- 33c'c r,3C cy Design and SupervisionConsultant/Municipality with co.se:: cl '-e e'.,art stakeholders. Open burning of solidwaste will be strictly bannec cu:rrg cors:r;c:icn Management of solid waste will beundertaken as per SWMA 2068 BS.The solid waste will be disposec oii ai cesignated location and will be covered byclay material in order to avoid scattering of waste by rodents and birds.Ensure no wood is burnt by any worKer cn or off site. Camps shall be provided free ofcost, with electricity and regulator & adequate fuel supplies of LPG or Kerosene.Prohibit workforce from poaching wrldlife and cutting trees.After use, sites shall be cleared and restored to near natural or stable conditions withvegetative cover.

. Restrict working hours from 7:00 to 18:00.

. The Contractor shall not employ child or under aged person as per La

2048.

a

a

(viii) Stockpiling of Construction Materials and Spoil Disposal

lmpact

Construction materials if not stored properly will lead to siltation and pollution of waterbodies. Haphazard spoit disposal could cause smothering of vegetative cover triggeringerosion, siltation, pollution, destruction of private property, crops, land, and irrigationsystems. The magnitude, extent and duration of this impact will be moderate, site-specificand shortterm respectively.

Mitiqation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be implemented in order to minimize impact due tostockpiling of construction materials and spoil disposal.

. Locate, peg and seek approval from the supervising consultant for the use ofstockpile sites.

. Stockpile should not be located on water courses; should not be within 50m ofschools, hospitals or public standpipes; and should noi affect locals and theirproperties.

. Obtain written permission from landowners and local bodies for stockpiling on their

a

a

a

land.Stockpiles should be covered urith tarpaulins. For large stockpiles, it should beenclosed with side barrrers and also covered when not in use.Provide intervening vegetated buffer to control any un-expected run-off.Clean area proper-ly afier completion.Locate disposal sites cn stable ground without excessive slope; that avoids watercourses and l^,,eiiancs :na: will not promote instability and result in destruction of

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:-:=-- . .:leiation and local services. Preferably permissible sites are abandonei:-z-'. :-:."3','|/ pit in orderto restore original contour'

. i..=:- :. : s:lSa at approved locations with correct placement of fill

fhe c;-., i-': : ^'::a:ton measures is included in the Construction Contract.

(ix) Loss of Top Soil

lmpact

During site ciea:ance. top soil will need to be removed which will propagate habitat

degradation scecies Ioss, siltation in water courses, and downstream water QUalii',i

deterioration. The magnitude, extent and duration of this impact will be moderate, siie-

specific and shod-ierm respectively.

Mitiqation Measures

The following mitigation measures will be implemented in order to minimize the impact'

Mark out extent of clearing within approved worksite areas.

Restrict clearing to the marked areas and not to harvest any forest products for personal

consumption or sale.

. Stockpile cleared shrub foliage where possible at designated location

brush layer.

Protect remaining vegetation within the proposed site.

Renewal of natural resources (i.e. seed sowing).

The cost for the mitigation measures is included in the construction contract.

Table 6.1: Summary of lmpact Matrix- Physical Environment (Construction Stage)

{ui:l!mf

iDuration

LandscapeDisturbance

. Change in landuse patternD L

Site -

specificShort -

term

Land Stabilityand Soil Erosion

. River bank slope may getdisturbed due to excavation.Exposed cut slopes andembanked slopes to rain andwind could cause soil erosionand siltation.

. Risks of temporary silt runoff due

to drsposal of excavated soil.

D LSite -

specific

Short -

term

Air Quality,Water Qualityand Noise Level

. Risk of health and safety hazardto workers and nearbY residentsfrom dust and other accidents.

. Deterioration of air quality andincrease irr dustisrrsPendedparticulate matter"

. Effect on adjoining water bodiesfrom construction activities.

. Surface water might getcontaminated due to the disPosal

USite -

i._.specrtlc

Shori -

term

D = Direct lmpacts l -ca:ls L=Lowlmpacts

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II

1-^^rLikely Impac-.s :-:::^ Magnitude

ng I rectof construclc- ,,.:::= ::-:-=: : -. Nuisance to c-: : t -= ::increased nc ss =,= s :_- -:constructicr

Operation ofQuarries andBorrow Pits

The project !1,,c:( ,,, -a:* -=

construction niaie. a s as s3-:aggregates gra i: s* :=: =material. 6hipo :i3s =:: ,,, - :-are supposed to be brc_:r^: .r-c-approved quarry sites. Ex:.ao:,cactivity could disrupt "a:L.a e-.cotour, addrtional lancidegradation due to excess vequarrying.Disruption of natural landcontour, iand disputes, soilerosion, loss of potentralcropland, loss of vegetation,scouring of river beds etc.Ponding, water logging, andwater pollution.

Site -specific

DrainageAlteration andAssoqiatedErosion andSediment

r Soil erosion. Sediment transport in the river

Fire and explosion hazardPollution of water surfaceFuelwood may be burned forheating bitumen

a

a

a

Solid WasteDisposalGenerated bythe ConstructionWorkers

r Pollution of surface and groundwaters from unsanitary wastedisposal practices.

. Social conflicts.

Stockpiling ofConstructionMaterials andSpoil Disposal

. Construction materials if notstored properly will lead tosiltation and pollution.

. Disturbance to private property.

. Haphazard spoil disposal couldcause smotherrng of vegetativecover triggering erosion, siltation,pollution destructron of privateproperty crcos land irrigation

Site -specific

Loss of Top Soil o habitat degraCation. species oss

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Short -term

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(iii) Air Quality

lmpact

6.2.1 .2 Operation Stage - Physical Envi ronment

(i) Land Stability and Soil Erosion

The project will not be disturbing the river banks of the sub-project area during operation

stage of proposed landfill site. The sub-project has made provision to develop buffer

area/strip all around the landfill site and carry out plantation in it. This will improve the land

stability of the project area vicinity. This will not only bar in viewing land filling operation from

outside but also check soil erosion. Mitigation cosf is provisioned as sub-proiect operation

and maintenance cost.

(ii) Surface Water Hydrology

lmpact

The Singaha river if not properly controlled, the river banks could get eroded affecting the

sub-project area. The magnitude of the impact will be high, extent will be site specific and

duratron will be long term.

Mitiqation Measures

River training works is one of the important component of the sub-project. The sub-project

will initiate construction of new bridge over Singaha river down stream of the landfilt site so

as to maintain smooth flow of the river channel. Further, the design includes ropriate

drainage channels along the proposed canal road to guide the surface r

cost r's provisioned in the design including sub-project operation and maintena

Movement of the waste carrying vehicles within the landfill site and waste disposal activities

will deteriorate the air quality of the area and at the same time the gas emitted from the

landfill site would further deteriorate the air quality. This impact is inevitable. Hence the

magnitude of the impact is considered high, the duration is longterm and extent is beyond

the site (i.e. local).

Mitiqation Measures

Provision has been made for the waste carrying vehicles to be covered properly to avoid

littering of the waste. All the roads and working area within the landfill will be

bituminous/concrete paved so that dust emission is minimized. Vehicles moving out will be

properly washed. The workers within the landfill site will be provided with masks. Mitigation

cost is provisioned as sub-proiect operation and maintenance cosf.

(iv) Leachate Generation and Risk on Water Quality (surface and ground water)

lmpact

The proposed landfill site will generated highly concentrated leachate. lf the surface runoff of

the landfill site or any other water sources is allowed to enter in the landfill site, the quantity

of the leachate will increase.. ln addition, the quantity of leachale rvili increase during the

rainy season. The leachate could contaminate the surface znc Qiornc water if they are

IIIIItIIIIIIItItIT

II

allowed to pass into them. The mag.:-:: :':-: -:::: : :::sidered high, the duration islong{erm and extent is beyoncl ine s :e e ::.3

Mitiqation Measures

The detailed design has consicierec:ês::s:.:rs :-::aken care of it. Horizontal andvertical lining have been proposed ,rr :r-e :ss J^

*': :esrgn makes sure that the leachate

does not get access to the surface a-c;':--r ,,,3r3.. They are safely collected viaperforated pipes and treated prior tc dlsocsa A t1e generated leachate will be treatedthrough stabilization ponds (i.e. anae:ccic fac,:a:ive and maturation ponds). Effectiveimplementation of these provisions will be niace

The estimated cost for water quality monitoring (1 treated leachate effluent, 2 ground waterand 2 sufface water) provisioned during operation phaseis NRs. 2j0A,A00 $ sites x 12times x 35,a00). The estimafed cost is for one years of operation phase during defectsliability period. However the water qualfty monitoring shall be carried out during thelife of the landfill site and beyond

'b.(v) Noise and vibration ffi:l$ffi Flmpact S+_ -*, o.'.1,$1.' 48& .=, ,' il'-.-;T'Number of waste collection vehicle will be running in the sub-proiect ,r"r'ffi1qrrg*Enttsuch as excavator, compactor and dozers will also be plying in the landfill site."M'ovement ofthese vehicles and equipments will generate some noise and vibration during operation ofthe landfill s.ite. However, magnitude of the impact will be comparatively low, the extent ofthe impact will be site specific and the duration will be long term as long as the sub-project isin operation.

Mitiqation Measures

All the vehicles and equipment will be kept in good condition. Regular servicing of thevehicles and equipments will be carried out. The workers will be provided with safetygadgets such as ear plugs, gloves, mouth mask, helmets and boots. The maintenance of thevehicles and equipments will be part of the operation plan of the landfill site. Mitigation costis provisioned as sub-project operation and maintenance cost.

(vi) Bad Smell

lmpact

Bad smell is one of the characteristic of solid wastes. This is particularly true in case of thesolid wastes with higher percentage of biodegradable materials. As the waste gets old, itsmells bad. Sometimes the collection of waste in the cities is delayed due to variousreasons. On such occasions the waste remains dumped on streets or roads for quite sometime. Ultimately when they are transported to the landfill site they would be in thedecomposition stage. When such waste are mixed and shuffled, it produces very bad smellwhich would extend to a larger distance than normal.

ln addition to this, the leachaie coliected and treatment process in stabilization ponds givesbad smell to some extent. Ho',vever. the smell will not be as bad as the shuffling of oldwaste. The magnitude of in-cac: ',,t:l! be high, the duration longterm and the extent beyondthe site (i.e. local).

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I

I

Mitiqation Measures

The solid waste will be brought into the landfill siie as early in the day as possible withoutundue delay covered properly in the waste carrying vehicle. The shuffling of waste will becarried out when the wind blow is less. All the staff working in the landfill site will be providedwith quality mouth mask. Buffer area/strip all around the landfill site and daily cover ofdisposed waste with clay liner has been proposed to prevent the foul smell spreading in thecommunity. Mitigation cosf is provisioned as sub-project operation and maintenance cosf.

(vii) Gas Generation, Emission and Dispersion

lmpact

The decomposition process of the solid waste will generate the methane and other gaseswhich will be collected and released in the environment without any treatment through gasvent pipe. The methane gas is inflammable and gives foul smell. The inflammability couldcause fire hazard if precautions are not taken in time. The foul smell of gas could spreadaround the project area vicinity. The magnitude of the impact is considered high, extent localand duration longterm.

Mitiqation Measures

The landfill site will have provision of adequate number of fire extinguishers in case of theemergency and all the workers working within the landfill site will have mouth masks"Smoking will be strictly prohibited in the landfill site. The design provisions in trapping andflaring up of gases. Mitigation cost ls provisioned as sub-project design, operation andmaintenance cosf.

(viii) Availability of Gover Material

lmpact

The disposed waste will be covered daily by the soil. Total 1 1,644 m3 of soil cover will berequired for the entire period. These cover material is not available nearby the project area.It had to be brought from Ratomate, about 5km south of Hetauda and 50km north from theproposed landfill site located near Tribhuvan Rajpath. The operation of the borrow sites islikely to disturb the landscape, change in elevation level and loss of fertile topsoil and willincrease the dust emission. The slopes of the borrow sites could be unstable and mightinvite erosion and landslide.

The magnitude of the impacts will be low, extent site-specific and duration medium{erm.

Mitiqation Measures

Extraction of the cover material will be planned properly Retaining structures will beconstructed where required for stable side slopes. Preferably less than 45o slope will be

maintained at the borrow sites. Proper drainage will be provisroned to drain out water.Mitigation cosf ls provisioned as sub-project design, operation and maintenance cost.

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(ix) Human Health Associated uri:r- !-, .i-*:-:e =o,:uijon

lmpact

During operation stage there will D3 -:.=^-:-. :' :':.=:: siaff and workers who will beengaged in the disposal operation c' ,,,:s:: -: ,:- : - ano equipments such as dozer,compactor, dump trucks and exca.:::-,,, :=::-siantiy in operation. Hence theoccupational health and safety of the s:a-s a-r ,'-3'(3's s cf much concern. The health andsafety being of major concern, magnit;:: 3'.-: -.e::s has been evaluated as high. Theextent will be site-specific and duration ,,n,,,, ce ,c:c-:s:.r

Mitiqation Measures

The workforce will be made aware of the heaiih problems that may cause due to unsafehandling of the waste. Proper way of handling of waste will be instructed. Project will ensureadequate safety measures such as provision of helmets. masks, ear plugs etc. are availablein the landfill site. A medical kit with necessary emergency medicines will be made availablein the landfill site. Regular and periodic medical check up will be carried out to the staffsworking in the site. All the staffs will be covered by the accident insurance. Mitigation cosl rsprovisioned as sub-project design, operation and maintenance cost.

(x) lmpact of Environment on the project

lmpact

Though there is no settlement area near the landfill site within one to two kilometerperiphery, but the settlement nearby use the access road common to iandfiil site leading totheir residence. The local people may oppose and hinder in transportation of waste to thelandfill site raising issues of bad smell and littering of waste to their locality creatingunhygienic condition. This could lead in risk of disturbance from the locals. The magnitude ofimpact has been evaluated as high, extent site -specific and duration long-term.

Mitiqation Measures

The project will ensure that all the waste carrying vehicles are properly covered and nolittering of waste occurs while transporlation. Mitigation cosl rs provisioned as sub-projectdesign, operation and maintenance cost.

(xi) River Pollution and scattering of waste by Rodents and Birds

lmpact

There is possibility of visiting landfill site by scavenger birds like vultures, crows, eagles etc.This may create hazard to the local community close to the landfill site. They carry wastematerials on the roof tops of the local settlement and may contaminate surface water byscattering and dropping of waste on river water. They may even attack the poultries of thelocal community. There is the ',sk o: community health and safety from odor and diseasestransmitted by flies insects orcs and rats. Since, the buffer area/strip has been created allaround the landfill site tre tr:a:: :o;ld be Iow, site specific and long term in duration.

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Mitiqation Measures

The project will ensure that the waste disposal, spreading and compaction operation will be

carried out as soon as the wastes are unloaded. The waste will be covered daily by clay

material. Special attention will be given for the waste brought in from the slaughter houses.

Mitigation cosf r's provisioned as sub-project design, operation and maintenance cost.

(xii) Fire Hazard and Access Road Pollution

lmpact

The decomposition process of the solid waste will generate the methane and other gases

which wili be coltected and released in the environment without any treatment through gas

vent pipe The methane gas is inflammable and gives foul smell. The inflammability could

cause fire hazard if precautions are not taken in time. The foul smell of gas could spread

around tne project area vicinity. While transportation waste in the landfill site, the access

roacj could get polluted due to scattering of waste. The magnitude of the impact is

considered high, extent local and duration long{erm.

Mitiqation Measures

The Iandflll site will have provision of adequate number of fire extinguishers in case of the

emergency and all the workers working within the landfill site will have mouth masks.

Smoking will be strictly prohibited in the landfill site. The design provisions in trapping and

flaring up of gases. The project will ensure that all the waste carrying vehicles will be

covered properly. Mitigation cosf rs provisioned as sub-prqect design, operation and

maintenance cosf.

6.2.2 Biological Environment

6.2.2.1 C onstruction Stage - B iological Envi ronment

(i) Clearing of Vegetation

lmpact

The proposed landfill 'site

development works entails clearing of exisiing trees within the

proposecl landfill site area owned by the Birgunj Municipality with girth ranging from 0.3m to

1.8m" Most of the trees are located along the western boundary of the proposed landfill site

near Singaha River. The number of trees required for felling are as follows.

',S,No. Tree:Size,(Girth) Species Numbers1 >0.30 - 0.60m Masala (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). Sisau (dalbergia

slsso), Sirish (a/bizia sp) Teax (teciona grandis),Biruwa, Kukath (lndigofere atropurpurea) Chhatiban,Bachkarai, Mango (magnifera indica). Jamun(syzygium cumini), Runi, Nimbu (azaCirachta indica),Sohaian, Gaqal, Piihwa

633

2 >0.60 - 0.90m Sirish (a/b2ia sp), Sisau (dalbergia -. ssc) liiasala(Eucalyptus camaidulensls).Bacni:a:a Ti <a ilango(magnifera indica), Bel, Kathar R;r C- a' lznr,Pithwa, Kadam, Simal (Bombax ce':2 '.'leiocarpum), Kukath (lndigofere alrc: -'. -': =

92

J

ffinn - t:$Pm i,

Pithwa, Peeple (ficus religiosa) Ka:a- ] B

(anthocephalus chinensis), Sisau i3. .:'; = : ssl i

Manqo (maqnifera indica), Bachkare

IIrIIIIIIIrrIIIIIIr!

The anticipated impact is of dire::medium term.

Mitiqation Measures

Tree plantation will be carnec c-:: ='.-': -.'= ,--:-' sle (covering 15m strip around

1,398m perimeter) for creation cf c--:- 3-=: s.-: --'.2 330 nos of trees will be plantedwhich forms good compensatron ir l^: 'z'.. .' ' - -'":,',a'cs iikeiy clearance of 733 numbersof trees (though 1.2 ratio has bee: 3^::'s=r ^ :^: r,e\!i provision). The sub-project willcoordinate with the concerned auihc:.ir 'i.'-'::a',, Vf,C DDC, District Forest Office) forpropertagging, felling, stacking ancl ira's::: -; :gs ai designated location. The estimatedcost for felling (including tagging siacklrg aic iransporlation) and plantation (includingmanagement for 5 years) of trees are as ceia lec below

Fuel wood use shall be banned for construction works as well as for workers. Kerosene

supply will be regular and easily available to the construction workers. The anticipated cost

and specific conditions are included in the construction contract.

Table 6.2: Summary of lmpact Matrix- Biological Environment (Construction Stage)

Note:

D = Direct lmpactsM = Moderate lmpacts

| = lndirect lmpactsH = High lmpacts

6.2.2.20peration Stage - Biological Environment

(i) Birds Hazards

lmpact

There is possibility of visiting lanCfill site by scavenger birds like vultures, crows, eagles etc.

This may create hazard to the lccal community close to the landfill site. They carry waste

materials on the roof tops of tne local settlement and may contaminate sudace water by

scattering and dropping of ','iasie or rivei' water. They may even attack the poultries of thelocal cornmunity. There is i.: . sK o; community health and safety from odor and diseases

transmiited by flies inse::s :':s and rats. Since, the buffer areaistrip area has been

created all around tne 2..' ::: :ne rmpact could be low, site specific and long term in

duration.

S. No;: ,Description Unit cost(NRs.)r,,

1 Fellinq of existinq TreesGirth >0.30 - 0.60m (Pole Class Trees) 290 633 1 83,570Glrth >0.60 - 0.90m (Poie Class Trees) 1,425 92 94,300Girth >0.90 - 1.80m (Timber Class) 2,800 8 22,400

a Plantation of suitable Trees 200 7,330 1,466,000Total 1,766.270

lt,:.,.,' ,DifecU:i,,,lndiieOt.

Clearing ofVegetation

Clearing and felling of existing treeswithin the proposed landfill site areawith girth ranging from 0.3 to '1.8m.

D MSite

SpecificMedium

Term

iF

Mitiqation Measures

The project will ensure that the waste disposal, spreading and compaction operation will be

carried out as soon as the wastes are unloaded The waste will be covered daity by clay

material. Special attention will be given for the waste brought in from the slaughter houses'

ln case immediate spreading, compaction and cover by clay material of solid waste could not

materialize, the waste wilt be ensured to be covered property by vinyl sheets for the time

being so that the waste are not carried away by scavenger birds like vultures' crows' eagles

^t^tsl,u,

Mitigationcost is provisioned as sub-proiect design, operation and maintenance cost'

(ii) Aquatic Life - Water Pollution

lmpact

The proposed landfill site will generate highty concentrated leachate' The leachate could

contaminatethesudaceandgroundwateriftheyareallowedtopassintothem.Themagnitude of the impact is considered high, the duration is long-term and extent is beyond

the site (i.e. local).

Mitiqation Measures

Thedetaileddesignhasconsideredtheseaspectsandtakencareofit.Horizontalandverticat lining have been proposed in the design' The design makes sure that the leachate

does not get access to the surface and ground water' They are safely collected via

perforatedpipesandtreatedpriortodisposal.Allthegeneratedleachatewillbetreatedthroughstabilizationponds(i.e.anaerobic,facultativqandmaturationponds).Effectiveimplementationoftheseprovisionswillbemade.Mitigationcosflsprovisionedassub-proiect design, operation and maintenance cost'

6.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

6.2.3.{constructionStage-socio.economicandCulturalEnvironment

(i)LossofFarmlandandotherCategoryofLandsasaPartofSiteClearance

lmpact

The proposed sub-project will not have any adverse impact on loss of farmland and other

category of rands ,. *,u proposed rand for randfi, site is owned by the Birgunj Municipality'

Thustheimpacthasbeenevaluatedlowintermsofmagnitude,sitespecificintermsofextent and shorl term in terms of duration'

cr{E}"{.,n , ..i, 1

Mitiqation Measures .L^Lirilalinn ic ranr rir

:it' t:;-'";iJ ,

Noacquisitioncompensationancirehabiliiationisrequrreci".t'i'-.,,r,.r,o,"ul .-.

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( ii) Disturbance to Public/Private Ut"ii['ces ano Access to them

lmpact

There wilt be no impact on developnre.'. c' sa-:a... ar':i site as the siie is far away fromsettlement areas. However, during tra-s3::3::- :i ',';aste, there could be impact onpubliciprivate utilities, access to ihe:"- c' :a-a!3s c;e to heavy equipment/vehicularmovement depending upon the methccs c: i'a:sccaa:ion. The magnitude of impact hasbeen evaluated as low, extent site -specif c a',: cu:ation longterm.

Mitiqation Measures

The sub-project will plan for immediate attencjance by the service providers to any damagesto utilities during construction. The sub-project will ensure keeping the site free from allunnecessary obstructions and storing of disposing of any contractor's equipment or surplusmaterial, and clearing away and removing from the site any wreckage rubbish and temporaryworks which are no longer required. As per the demand of the locals during scoping. theproject has designed an internal road within the landfill site which will be used for transfer ofwaste during operation of the site and upon completion of land filling, it will turn out to formas a periphery road for recreational park to be developed in later stage. The cost for this isalready included in design and construction contracf. ln addition to this, the project will alsoconstruct a well managed cemetery near the landfill site (location to be decided by theBirgunj Municipality) as per local demand. The cost for this has already been reflected inlocal development activity under beneficial impact.

(iii) Health and Sanitation

lmpact

The labor and project staffs may be exposed to high noise and dust levels O*ingconstruction. Concentration of a large number of people in the project sites may createproblems in disposal of sewerage and water contamination. These may increase pressure tothe health services. Hence the magnitude of the impact will be high, extent site specific andduration short term.

Mitiqation Measures

The workforce will be made aware of the health problems caused by unhealthy sanitationand contamination of drinking water. Proper methods of managing disposal of sewerage andchecking of water contamination will be taught to the contractors and workers.

The project will establish campsite for the workers from outside of the project area and alloutside workers will be housed in the campsite. The camp site will have facilities such asdrinking water. supply, pit latrines and health clinics along with necessary medicines to theworkers and their dependants in the labor camps so that no additional pressure on theexisting services and facilities lviii be created due to workers who come from outside theproject area. One pit latrine fc. every 10 workers will be constructed.

The cost for the mitigation ftie zS:)GS is irycluded in the construction contract

A1*

/-

(iv) Occupational Health and Safety

lmpact

ln spite of precautionary measures, occurrence of serious accidents can not be completely

ruled out. Construction activities and plying of vehicle in the eafihen road will increase dust

and gaseous emission, and respiratory diseases may threaten health of the local people and

workers. Although the health and safety wilt be major concern during the construction siage,

magnitude of the impacts has been evaluated as low since provisions of health and safety

measures are mandatory in any of the construction contract. The extent will be site-specific

and duration short{erm.

Mitiqation Measures

Ali construction workers and staffs will be covered with accident insurance. ln order to

minimize the unwanted accidents and possible effect of dust and gaseous emission to

construction workers, the project will ensure aciequate safety measures such as provision of

helmets, masks, air plugs, road signs, warning signals etc. To minimize dust to local people,

provision of water spray will be made during the dry season.

The construction site will have a provision of health clinics (as demanded by locals) along

with necessary medicines for immediate treatment in case of any accidents. The workforce

will be made aware of the likely occurrence of accidents during construction works and teach

them precautionary measures to be taken for avoiding such accidents.

Safety measures for the local people around the area will also be carefully dealt with" Ihecost for the mitigation measures is included in the construction contract.

(v) Conflict between Local and Outsiders / lncrease in Bad Habit due to Cash Flow

lmpact

The concentration of large number of people with varied social and cultural backgrounds and

inflow of cash at the same time may lead to anti-social activities such as use of more

alcohol, gambling, and prostitution that may invite conflict between local and outsiders. The

influx of outside workers may also disturb existing socio-cultural practices of the area. This

may bring uneasiness to the local people resulting in conflicts. The conflict may deteriorate

the law and order situation. The project proposes to hire local people to the extent possible

limiting number of workers from outside. The magnitude of the impact is therefore

considered to be low, extent local and duration shot"t term'

Mitiqation Measures

A local committee representing local political parlies will be formed which will be encouraged

to impose restrictions on certain activities in the social places so that the workers do not

become a nuisance to local people. Regular surveillance by securiiy people will also be

managed. To develop good relationship and understandings between local community and

the project people and to maintain a harmonious relationship between lhem a public relation

officer will be employed.

The cost far the mitigation measures is included in the construction cc,''i'e.t.

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II

(vi) Employment for Locals

Large number of skilled, semi-sKi e: :-: --3- .: *z'.:,^,,er will be required during theconstruction of the sub-project P;o: ::-s-:a::- :-'rJ scoping revealed that peopleexpects employment opportunity frc-:-: E-:.3': ,',-=::er ii is skilled/unskilled labour oradministrative section. However these *,, :: ::-:::'3r depending upon their qualification

and availability.

Upon completion of the constructic:r !,,c-( :.= s-D-Droject will definitely require somepermanent postsforthe smooth operaticr: a.c :egu ar maintenance of the sub-project. Localpeople will be given preference during rec:uiin-len: of necessary personnel for administrativeand technical works according to their qua;ificatrcns and skills. These are considered as

beneficial impact.

(vii) Cultural and Aesthetic Sites

The execution of sub-project activities will not disturb archaeological and/or religious sites ofthe area.

,tl* lmnarf and Alilinafinn G-)?

Table 6.3: Summary of lmpact Matrix- Socio-economic Environment (Construction Stage)

;tfiiisii# .::

.:,1

jrj:1i;'iio.;,,1;$9$'ii;.;l.lndire-c,.ti;

:i:::t 1:,:!aa:, aaa :. ---::. tl:;lEUrAtion"."r':.:,:aat ) :.::,':..-. ).':a': :.:::;:,,-!...:.:.: :.':,-,..: :: :: ..:.

Loss of Farmlandand otherCategory of Landsas a Part of siteClearance

No adverse impact as the proposedland for landfill site is owned by theBirgunj Municipality. D L

Site

SpecificShort term

Disturbance toPublic/PrivateUtilities andAccess to them

No disturbance in development ofsanitary landfill. However,transportation of waste may haveimpact on public/private utilities,access to them or damages due toequ ipmenUvehicular movement.

D LSite

SpecificShort term

Health andSanitation

Exposure of labor force to highnoise and dust levels duringconstruction. Concentration of largenumber of people in the project sitemay create problems in disposal ofsewerage and water contamination.May increase pressure to healthservices.

Dfi HSite

SpecificShort term

OccupationalHealth and Safety

Construction activities and plying ofvehicle in the earthen road willincrease dust and gaseousemission, and respiratory diseasesmay threaten health of the localoeoole and workers.

D LSite

SpecificShort term

Conflict betweenLocal andOutsiders /lncrease in BadHabit due to CashFlow

The concentration of targenumber of people with variedsocial and culiural backgroundsand inflc,,',,of cash at the sametirne ma;r ieao io anti-socialactivit,e s sic:i as use of morealcohc cerbr rg. and

I

,.1-., 1.:,.;'. \i1'i ;' .'rt>.r.-,,#H:o.,a -:.;,1#

L

r;iE

Local Short term

.',r,i,,4,*_r$- Y'.

IilJ+IIIIIII|r

:

Note:

D = Direct lmpactsM = Moderate lmpacts

chemicals

Mitigationcosl is provisioned as sub-proiect desigrt, operation and maiyter'&;"ffiA. ;. t'l\. .n(ii) Local Disturbance in Transportation of Waste

lmpact

Though there is no settlement area near the landfill site urithin one to two kilometerperiphery, but the settlement nearby use the access road cornmon to landfill site leading to

their residence. The local people may oppose and hinder in transportation of waste to the

landfill site raising issues of bad smell and littering of waste to their locality creating

unhygienic condition. This could lead in risk of disturbances by tne local people in

transportation of wastes to the Sanitary Landfill site. The magr:1,;Ce of impact has been

evaluated as high, extent site -specific and duration long-term.

Mitiqatrcn Measures

The project will ensure that all the waste carrying vehicles ai= .'::.' , .overed and no

littering of waste occurs while transportation. The access roacj lea: ^: :: :-if il site will be

| = lndirect lmpactsH = High lmpacts

r by applying*-i};trh"# ='S

ffiie e'bs*: i''s'-l:,". '::..rirfj

L = Low lmpacts

6.2.3.2 Operation Stage - Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

(i) Public Health, Health and Sanitation

lmpact

Exposure to gas emission generated at the landfill site may be highly annoyed due to bad

odour resulting from improper covering of the cells. Similarly, the people working in the

landfill site may be exposed to high noise levels during unloading and compacting of the

solid wastes. Animals and insects existing in the site may result in spreading of infectious

diseases and annoyance to the local people due to waste dispersion and contamination of

waste. This may pose risk to community health and safety from odor and diseases

transmitted by flies, insects, birds and rats.

Local people may also be highly annoyed due to dispersion of wastes during transportation.

Mitiqation Measures

Collection, storage and compaction of the solid waste will be properly handled to prevent

generation of bad odor. Continuous cover over the cell will be_maintained to prevent odor

impact. Dispersion of solid waste during transportation, storage and compaction will be

checked by proper handling. Visits of animals like dogs, cats, rats in site will be controlled

strictly and insects such as flies will be controlled to the extent possible by applying the

' ,l_,

lssues Likely lmpacts :: DirecU

lndirect

::. : . : : .

Maignitude Duration

prostitution that may inviteconflict between local andc.risiders.

. The conflict may deteriorate the{ar,v and order situation.

FTtFFFTrrIrrrIrIrIrr

well maintained. Mitigation cas. :maintenance cosf.

(iii) Nuisance due to lnadequa:e

lmpact

The proposed sanitary landfill s:te ::-s: :-:.s . a" : *s c;:lcing (i.e. staff quarters, office,training centre, watchman quarters :. 3:s '.' .z:- :t-:o:ents, workshop office etc_)whichare provisioned with adequate waie's-:3., -=:,',:-- 3-l curing the course of operation ofthe site, there lies risks of nuisance :c .e j^.r-s c., -or^-functioning of toilets due to lack ofinadequate supply of water. Since alt :ê c'o. s:^ :or adequate supply of water is made inthe detail design, the magnitude cf in:pac: s 3.a -ated as low, extent site specific andduration long term.

Mitiqation Measures

The project and the Birgunj Municipality will ensure that adequate water supply and sanitaryequipments are maintained cluring entire period of operation of iancjfili site. Mitigalion cos/ isprovisioned as sub-project design, operation and maintenance cost.

(iv) Occupational Health and Safety

lmpact

The workers may be exposed to high noise levels during unloading and compaction of thesolid waste' They may be exposed to high levels of dust during new cell construction, plyingof wastes transportation vehicles, unloading and covering the cells. The gas emissionsgenerated may affect health of the workers. Probable existence of hazardous waste enteringthe site may affect health of the workers if not managed in proper manner.

Mitiqation Measures

Workers will be provided with safety equipment and safety procedures will be imptementedas far as possible. Drivers and workers will be trained and made aware on proper handlingof waste and personal protections. They will also be trained on identifying hazardous wasteand proper safety procedures on handring and reporting such items.

Routine medical""exams for workers will be carried out. The area being sensitive entry ofunauthorized person will be restricted. As per the demand of the local people, a health carecenter for workers and neighborhood has been provisioned in the detailed design. Estimatedcosf of NRs. 1,500,000 has been allocated for the purpose with the tocation to be identifiedand provided by the Birgunj Municipality.

(v) Employment for Locals

Upon completion of the ccrstruction work, the sub-project will definitely require somepermanent posts for the smco:h cceratton and regular maintenance of the sub-project. Localpeople will be given preiere-c3 c-r:,'tQ recruitment of necessary personnel for administrativeand technical works accc'3 î :c tl'eir qualitjcations and skills. These are considered asbeneficial impacr !{-lii.,.;,,,,

,c;:,.'.rii*i1:.r..r cr

1_ Tri .,,...rL, j

(vi) Rodents and lmpact on Agro-Productivity

lmpact

Animals and insects existing in the site may result in spreading of infectious diseases and

nearby agro-productivity could be affected due to waste dispersion and contamination. Thismay pose risk to surrounding agro-productivity from diseases transmitted by flies, insects,birds and rats. Since the operation of landfill site will be strictly in a sanitary manner, theimpact has been evaluated low in magnitude, site-specific in extent and long term in

duration.

Mitiqation Measures

Collection. storage and compaction of the solid waste with immediate cover will be properly

nandied to prevent transmission of waste by insects, birds, flies and rats" Dispersion of solidlvaste ciuring transportation, storage and compaction will be checked by proper handling.Visits of animals like dogs, cats, rats in site will be controlled strictly and insects such as flieswill be controlled to the extent possible by applying the chemicals. Mitigation cosf isprovisioned as sub-project design, operation and maintenance cost.

(vii) Aesthetic Values, Foul/Bad Odor

lmpact

Bad smell is one of the characteristic of solid wastes. Sometimes the collection of waste in

the cities is delayed due to various reasons. On such occasions the waste remains dumpedon streets or roads for quite some time. Ultimately when they are transported to the landfillsite they would be in the decomposition stage. When such waste are mixed and shuffled, it

- produces very bad smell which would extend to a larger distance than normal.

ln addition to this, the leachate collected and treatment process in stabilization ponds givesbad smell to some extent. However, the smell will not be as bad as the shuffling of oldwaste. The magnitude of impact will be high, the duration longterm and the extent beyondthe site (i.e. local). ':'':i:

Mitiqation Measures iThe solid waste will be brought into the landfill site as early in the day as possible withoutundue delay covered properly in the waste carrying vehrcle. The shuffling of waste will becarried out when the wind blow is less. All the staff working in the landfill site will be provided

with quality mouth mask. Buffer arealstrip all around the landfill site and daily cover ofdisposed waste with clay liner has been proposed to prevent the foul smell spreading in thecommunity. Mitigation cosf is provisioned as sub-project operation and maintenance cost.

(viii) Site Recovery upon Saturation of Landfill Site Capacity

Upon saturation of the landfill site, it has been planned to develop the site as the recreaiionground which could be used by the local communities as well as people from Birgunj andKalaiya. This benefit is expected to come after quite some time. However, once the site isfully developed for the recreation purpose it could remain in servic= for a very long period if

IIIIIIItrIrtIrIIT

IIr

properly maintained andoperatec --: -=l-:-:e extent and duration of this benefit will bemedium, local and long term resc€; -3,

The cost of developing the landfiil s.s -:: . '.:'eeiton park or play ground will be part ofproject cost.

6.3 Summary of Mitigation Cost

Most of the mitigation costs are inciucec as r-i, ri in cesign and estimate. However,mitigation cost not included in in-buiit cies.g: a:c est .ra:eci separately to be included as part

of the contractor's bill of quantity is as lisiec beio,un'

Table 6.4: Summary of Mitigation Matrix

S:No. Particulars

1 Environmental Enhancement

Construction of well managed cemetery and contribution to localschools and temples

4,000,000

2 Environmental Mitigation - Construction Stage

Water quality monitoring - (3 sites x 12 times x 35,000) '1,260,000

Clearing of trees and compensatory plantation 1,766,270

3 Environmental Mitigation - Operation Stage

Water/leachate quality monitoring (5 sites x 12 times x 35,000) 2,100,000

Provision of health care center 1,500,000

Total 10,626,270

lmnonl cnA trlilinc*inn' C,-)-7

7. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

Within the outlined scope of work. r-= ': rri -t =:=--a:',3s for implementation of the

proposal were analyzed pertaining to s^" -:--.-'.= -ca.:s of the project activities. The

alternative analysis mainly focuses Cn c:C.e:: s:= :-:.=:: :sslgn technology selection and

impact on the beneficiaries as well as the e'r. -:'-:-:

7.1 Project Site, Design and Layout Planning

7.1.1 Project Site

lnitially three alternative sites were identified fcr Sanitary Landfill. Those were lnaruwa,

Masaharwa and Managadawa. Birgunj Municipaii:y cjecideci to deveiop soiid waste resource

processing centre at Masaharwa which is located in Bishrampur and ltiyahi VDC of Bara

District near south-eastern boundary of Birgunj Municipality of Parsa District. The proposed

sanitary land fiiling process at sanitary landfill in 10.76 ha paddy land is owned by the Birgunj

Municipality. Geographically the site is suitable as the nearby settlement is far beyond 500

meters and Singaha river ftows along the western border of the proposed site. This provides

natural seitings in discharge of treated leachate in natural drainage channel. There is no

environmentally sensitive area near to the proposed site. The nearest Parsa Wildlife

Reserve is around 25 km far from the proposed site. Since there is no settlement nearby'

nuisance to neighboring area due to foul order and influx of insects, rodents and public

health hazard from odor, and disease transmitted by flies, insects, bird and rats will be

insignificant. SurJace and ground water pollution from leachate is less likely because the

land is used for flooded paddy indicating very low infiltration and the design includes

leachate treatment facility with placement of HDPE sheet liner and clay liner system at the

bottom as well as along the vertical slope of waste storage dam to prevent leachate

contaminating the ground and surface water. The probability of road blockage during

construction period is very less as the site is locaied along rural setting with current low

traffic flow. The positive aspect of the proposed site is that it is presently connected with

existing gravel road to Ward 19 of Birgunj Municipality which is just around 1.0 km west of

the proposed site.

7.1.2 Design and LaYout Planning

The key design alternatives relates to the choice of landfilling methods and landfill system

including type of leachate treatment plant. While designing the project activities, emphasis

was given to urban environment improvement either due consideration on integration among

project components and concentration of investment in few localities; inclusiveness and

equity in participation with focus to urban poor and disadvantaged groups; public-private

partnership, and demand from the proponent i.e. PIU-Birgunj Municipality.

The locations of the facilities and the landfill area for the site was based on the flat

topography, anticipated traffic patterns, location of existing roads, location of the river

channels, etc. As per si:e condrtion, the landfilling methods and operations adopted is area

method where fillinc cceraticn of soiid waste is carried out by building an earthen dam all

Allornefirro A nalvsis" 7 -1

which to place i-e solid waste.

Anaerobic San:lary Landfill system has been designed against Re-circulatory Semi-aerobic

Sanitary Lanofii: system as the former is simple during operation and is less costly" The

anaerobic sani'rary iandfill structure constitutes leachate collecting pipe installed at the

bottom for drainage. The pipe ends are not exposed to air (the main leachate pipe outlet is

immersed in the leachate pond). There is no conveyance of air into the waste disposal area

and the wastes decomposition is mainly in anaerobic condition. The decision to re-circulate

leachate back into the landfilt to promote rapid degradation of the waste was not made

because of its operational complexity and literature on landfill operations indicate that there

is no long term advantage for such a system.

There are various types of storage dam such as RCC retaining structure, concrete gravity

dam, soil cement dam and earthen gravity dam. Each of them has its own advantage and

disadvantage" RCC and concrete dams occupy less space compared to the soil cement or

earthen dam but they are expensive. The eafthen dams are cost effective compare to other

but it occupies large area reducing the capacity of the land fitl. Among ihese, the design

consideration has been made to eadhen dam for its cost effectiveness and availability of

adequate space for anticipated 15 years life span"

The bottom grades were chosen based on depth to groundwater and landfill stability

requirements. The bottom liner has been designed to be made up of composite of imported

red clay layer and geomembrane (HDPE sheet liners). The blanket leachate collection and

recovery layer was designed to drain into a collection drain located at a central point at thedown gradient end of the landfill. These will go either to the Leachate Treatment Plant or aseries of anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds down slope depending on the leachate

characteristics. The leachate management system would remain operational throughout thepost-closure period. Methane and other gases will be generated as the waste degrades

within the landfill mass. Gas collection facilities consists of collection wells and a flaring

station depending upon the characteristics of the deposited waste after composting and

other waste recovery and processing activities. As with the leachate management system,

the flaring station will be operated throughout the post-closure period"

The waste will be placed in multiple, compacted lifts with daily soil cover. When an areareaches its final grade, intermediate cover (300mm thick) shall be placed to minimize

infiltration of rainfall and to prevent infestation by insects. rodents or other disease vectors

until the final cover is constructed. Surface water drainage benches has been laid out at

vertical intervals on the side slopes up to the final landfill heigni Berms has been provided

on the top cap to divert water to collection ditches and down Crains ic transport water off the

cap. Access to the cap has been provided from several entr,, pcirris at various locations

around the facility.

Thefinal fill heightforthesitehasbeenestablishedbasedoni-et'-2.'?aallocatedforthesanitary landfill cells and landfill stability requirements. The co\./=r t3s:' s cased on locally

available vegetati,telprotective cover layer and a drainage laye: o.3-., -: 3 c\.^/ permeability

infiltration barrier. At closure, the cover is planned for seeding as -:::s::--. :c promote re-

vegetation to minimize erosion and potential damage to the cac

IItIIItT

tIIIIIT

I;

T

T

r

Community composting area has b=:- = :-:,::3: ' Z::^-: : anning that is also designed tobe a training ground for composi;nc c' :';:-: ".,:s:= ::- -g from whole sub-metropolitancity of Birgunj. The proposed sys:e- ::-s s:: :' : '3:c !''1g office area, two compostingmachines with hammermills or shre:ce' r, -i":-,, ::-cost piles and transfer sheds foraeration and maturation into composi A- e'z-,-es:'-:crobial activators will be used tohasten the decomposition process. Afte. ac:-i 'a-rl car's (depending on the quality of thecompost) of transferring from one sic.age srel io another, the compost qi nbehammermilled again or shredded to insoec:icn : ne screened and bagged forsale.

7.2 Technology and Procedure of Operation

Different strategies and approaches have been adoptedselecting the technologies and operational proceduresguidelines and standards.

after reviewing best practices,

The operational plan enables the site preparation, landfill cell construction, soil cover,leachate treatment, gas management, record keeping activities, closure activities andenvironmental monitoring (during landfilling and post-closure) to be conducted in a safe,efficient, and environmentally sound manner.

Unloading of solid wastes shall be confined to a small area as possible to accommodate thenumber of vehicles using the area without resulting in traffic, personnel, or public safetyhazards. Waste materials shall normally be deposited at the toe of the fill. For practicalpurposes, the working area has been set at 1.5m high cell lifts with 6 meter widths and 20meter length for each working day after which daily cover of clayey material will be applied.

Solid waste will be spread and compaeted in layers with repeated passages of the landfillequipment to minimize voids within the cell and maximize compaction. The loose layer shallnot exceed a depth approximately 0.60m before compaction. Spreading and compacting willbe accomplished as rapidly as practicable. Covered surfaces of the disposal area shall begraded to promote lateral runoff of precipitation and to prevent ponding. Grades will beestablished of sufficient slopes to account for future settlement of the fill surface. Covermaterial or native material unsuitable for cover, stockpiled on the site for use or removal, willbe placed so as not to cause problems or interfere with unloading, spreading, compacting,access, safety, drainage or other operations.

Priorities have been given to labour intensive technologies and community led basicsanitation for all with gender consideration. The working procedures proposed areparticipatory one. Awareness creation and skill development activities for the improvement ofenvironrnent, health and hygiene have also been integrated with the development of basicinfrastructures facilities. The project will use local materials as far as possible.

7.3 Time Schedule and Raw Materials to be used

The proposed sub-project unCer STiUEIP will be implemenied over 2 years upon workcommencement with the prcvis;cr of single ICB contract package for civil works and supplyand installation of plani ar: ec;icment A one year defects liability period is allocated tocarry out defects remec a ,',3'(s The earlh work activities of the Project will be avoided

Altarna+irta Anal,toia. 1 a

during monsoon period.The project will use local

Time Schedule ChartDescriotion 2016

Detail and ProcurementConstructionManaqement/Su ston

Period

7.4 Do Nothing Alternative

lnciCence of health hazard (mosquito, flies/odor nuisance and infiltration to ground water)due to lack of proper management of solid waste are some of the main environmentalprooiems in Birgunj. Such problems are Iikely to be intensified in future if the solid waste ofBirgunj is not managed properly for disposal to Sanitary Landfill. lmplementation of theproposed subproject will improve the environmental condition of the city and health andsafety of the community by reducing environrnental pollution on the one hand andawareness creation on the other. lt will also help to improve economic condition andlivelihood of the poor communities by providing employment opportunities in the projectactivities. Ultimately, it will help to improve the quality of life of the people living in themunicipality. The implementation of the proposed subproject will have more positive impacts.However, adverse impacts will be minimized through implementation of proposed mitigationand monitoring measures.

fi;-,f!*.

The construction activities wili be carried out during day hours only.materials as far as possible.

ffi;

2A12 I 2013

IIrIrItttII

8.

8.1

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAG EI,IENT PLAN (EMP)

Background

-s. -'- --- -'J-:l( L

The environmental managemenl -o-:r- ^; .-: 2_:: s .3:nrLtlsls6 in accordance with EIArequirements of Nepal. The oDjecii",e :i:-= =-, --^*e::al Management pian (EMp) is to

basis for examining whether the mitga: oi -3as-'es a:e effective after implementation. TheEMP ensures that all mitigation measJ'es aic ::oniicrrng requirements specified in thisstudy report wiil be carried out in subsegueni slages of prolect deveropment.

The Environmental Management Plan (E[4P) deirneates key issues likely to arise fromProiect implementation, and proposes mitigation measures, including monitoring scheduleand responsibility' The EMP also outlines environmentaI management roles andresponsibilities' sub-project design and construction management of different activities, sitesupervision, monitoring and reporling. records, and corrective measures, improvementproposals, and cost estimates for mitigation measures. The EMp is detailed in Table g.2,presented at the end of the section and will form a part of Bidding Document. Environmentalcompliance Monitoring Plan and Environmental impact Monitoring plan is presented inTable 8'3 and rable 8'4 respectively delineating monitoring indicators, period, andfrequency during various stages of project imprementJtion and operation.

8.2 Objectives of the EMp

' Define environmental management principles in particular the implementation of EMp;' Describe practical mitigation measures that shall be implemented during projectconstruction and ancillary sites to prevent or mitigate environmental impacts;' Establish roles and responsibilities of all partles involved in the implementation ofenvironmenta I controls;' Formurate supervision, monitoring, auditing and reporting framework

8.3 Project Organization

For urban projects, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is legally responsible for projectmanagement and monitoring works. The Plu, sruErp-Birgunj will carry out themanagement/monitoring of the implementation of the EMp by the contractor through itsDesign and Supervision Consultant

PIU' srtuElP-Birgunj will co-ordinate with DUDBC/pco and get the technical assistancerequired for the implementation of the environmental protection measures. plu, sIUElp-Birgunj may also seek additional technical assistan.u iro* the Ministry of Forests and soilconservation and the Minist:y of soence Technology and Environment as and whennecessary.

PIU staff will work alongside :ê .3-s:fuction and operation to ensure that the measures andrequirements outlined in i-: =:.:D are carried out effectively. The EnvironmentalOrganization Structure;S pre S=-::l - Figure g.1.

-. !.

r$

:

MoUDEnvironmental Section

DUDBC / PCO

Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan CityPIU/STtUEIP

Project Manager

Design & SupervisionConsultant

Construction Contractor

District Forest OfficeDistrict AgricultureOfficeDistrict lrrigation OfficeDistrict NEADistrictTelecommunication gi^^\-/ I I ILC

Disirici Waier Suppiyand Sewerage OfficeDistrict Traffic PoliceOffice

CDOMunicipalityDDCruDCDistrict Survey OfficeNGOs / CBODPHO

Figure 8.1 : Environmental Management Organizational Structure

8.4 Environmental Management Roles and Responsibility

Responsibility for environmental management associated with implementation of SecondaryTowns lntegrated Urban Environment lmprovement Project for Birgunj Municipality involvesnumber of parties, each with specific responsibilities for particular activities.

(a) ' The six main parties responsible for the design and implementation of mitigationmeasures prior to, during and following sub-project implementation are:

. Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)

.. DUDBC/ PCO STIUEIP

. PlU, STIUEIP-Birgunj

. Asian Development Bank (ADB)

. Design and Supervision Consultant

. Construction Contractor

The specific roles and responsibility of the parties are as follows

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)

. Review and comment on EIA for final approval from MoSTE

. Give permission for Project lmplementation.

. Within the urban sector MoUD bears ihe responsibility for environmentai safeguarding.

. Review project design & contract documents against approved EIA measures andnational environmental standards and give comments for corre cti'.,e actions.

. Review of monitoring reports of project construction and ope:ai c^ arC give commentsfor corrective actions.

;

i

IItIIttrrIIIIIIIIIIr

DUDBC/PCO STIUEIP

The Department of Urbar l: . = : : ^' : -'Coordination Office (PCC as : :-_. _' ='responsible for overall coorc'-a: :

. Environmental monitoringlmaî::--:-:Supporl Consultant (PMSC).

: - : -: lorstruction (DUDBC), Project--- ::- -; ari implementation agency is

=': - c ementation of STIUEIP.- : ass s:el by Project Managemenr

mainil'1rn

tts,r.'*.

PIU/STIUEIP- Birgunj

' Project lmplementation Unit (PiU ST,-tr'p-3r.E;nj with technical assistance fromDUDBC, PCO will under"take envirorn:e n:a assessment functions, as well as monitoringof sub-projects and provision of acjvrce reiatrng io cesign of environmental mitigation andenhancement measures, and the seiting of environmental quality standards.

' PIU Project ManaEer will be responsible for implementation of the Project.. Clearance for possession of site and land acquisition, if any.. Review and approval of detailed project construction designs.. l..\F+îni r,, ^^-*;+^ r-^*

^^f,rr^- --^:= '..lurarnlfiE necessary pei-miis ii'om \joi\ ioi- pi-oject consti-uciion aetiviiies inciuciing iiaisingwith various Government lnstitutions (i.e. District Forest Office, District Agriculture Office,District lrrigation Office, Office of Nepal Electricity Authority, District TelecommunicationOffice, District Water Supply and Sewerage Office, Traffic Police Office, DistrictAdministration Office, District Survey Office etc.) and Local Bodies (i.e. Municipality,DDC, VDC etc.) including NGO/CBO.

. Review and approval of survey, marking and subproject works.

' Review and approval of proposed ancillary work sites (including workforce camps,quarries, borrow pits and storage areas).

' Project maintenance and environmental monitoring and management following handoverby the Contractor

' The operators of Birgunj Municipality will be responsible for operation andof the newly developed system.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

fu't"Overseeing of DUDBC project management in accordance with loan condit'o;e{*roverseeing the detailed design and EMp, including periodic site visits tocompliance.

Design and Supervision Consultant (pilJ's representative)

' Preparation of final project construction design, conduct required environmental studiesand EMP design recommendatrons.

o Survey and pegging of project construction design works.

' Supervision of the Contractor to ensure work to be undertaken as per sub-projectconstruction contract.

. inspection ancj reponing c' Coniracior's activiiies to ensure effective implementation ofthe EMP.

. Auditing Contractcrs'.',.'(s e'i ac:ivities against the conditions set out in EMP.

. lssuing correcttve a:::^ ':t-=s:s and conducting follow up rnspections and evaluation ofcorrective actiors

a

a

c^,,;-^^*^^t^t An^^^^^*^-r -,^.^- - a

a

a

' Reporting all non-conformances to the Project Manager, PlU, STIUEIP, Birgunj.. Certifying correctly constructed sub-project works for payment.

Co n stru cti o n Co ntra cto r

construction of detailed project design works and implementation of EMp.Participation in site inspections and audits undefiaken by the Design and SupervisionConsultant.

. Implementation of corrective actions in response to requests made by the Design ancls u pervision consultant regarding specific environmental safeguards.

Similarly roles and responsibilities of other local, district and central level institutionsand ihose affected by the project construction will atso be equally important and theproject proponent will maintain interaction and coordination with all of themaccordingly. The roles and responsibilities are as briefed below.

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE)

Final apprcval of the EIA reports as per the provisions of Act and Ruies ar-rd issueenvironmental clearance.Review of project monitoring reports during construction and operation phases andgive comments for corrective actions.Auditing of project general performance after two years of operation phase.

District Forest Office

. Give approval and permission for tree clearance.

' Assist proponent in pegging, measuring and evaluation of the affected tree.

' Review of monitoring reports of project construction and operation and give commentsfor corrective actions related to vegetation.

Municipality / DDC

' Provide recommendation to the proponent with comments and suggestions and assistproponent in the project implementation"

o Assist in public consultation awareness building organized by the proponent.

' Assist and provide suggestions to the proponent in the matters related to communitymobilization.

. Assist MoSTE in the proposal audit.

' Review of monitoring reporls of project construction and operation and give commentsfor corrective actions.

' Ensure that transparency in the project activities are maintained by all the concernedstakeholders as per EIA report and commitments.

' The operators of Birgunj Municipality will be responsible for operation and maintenanceof the newly developed system.

8.5 Monitoring and Evaluation

(b)

The MoUD will evaluate thecomment from MoSTE

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mgnitoTin$- resql,ts, as and when necessary for review andF,. . .ni*

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The monitoring for compliance :' -:- -''--=-:.: ^- :,: l- -easures during constructionand post-construction certificai o- ->::: : - :' -..:- __^-: e:ed sectron of sub-project andeach rehabilitated ancillary s,ies s-: :: ,-::::.:- ..,, tne Design and SupervisionConsultant on Behalf of PIU S- -= =-= -=- -= ::s:::r-monitoring during constructionand post-construction certificaticr -s::r::- s ^: -::l ^ lie project implementation cost.

During Construction, PIU-STIUEIP-ts'J-^. z-:.---13 ,'. corry out external monitoring of theenvironmental compliance carrieo c;:.,, :-: C:^:'aclo,- while the Design and SupervisionConsultant will carry out internal nrcrii:. r: a: i. I ).r ng cperational phase. ADB will carryout external monitoring white PIU-STiUErr-3 :g;-, 1.,,'il carry out internal monitoring.

8.6 Environmental Audit

The Environmental audit of the project wiil be carried out by Ministry of Science, Technologyand Environment (MoSTE) after two years of project operation as per the pror.,ision of EpRand the estimated cost of NRs. 600,000 has been allocated for this purpose.

During the course of carrying out monitoring and evaluation of impact, if the actual impact isfound higher than the one specified in the conditions prescribed at the time of approving theproposal, the MoSTE through MoUD shatl issue necessary directives to the proponent toadopt measures to reduce or control such impact. Monitoring activities during projectoperation will focus on recording environmental performance and proposing remedial actionsto address unexpected impacts.

8.7 Site Supervision, Monitoring and Reporting

Strict supervision of sub-project construction activities is required prior to, during ancifollowing construction to ensure that works are constructed in accordance with the approveddesigns and that environmental impact are fully mitigated in accordance with ihe EMp" Astandard system of site inspections, reporling and approval shall be undertat<en d"Frftfuelife of sub-project, as described below" # #o.t'#8.7 .1 Pre-Construction Phase fo +'.,

1,:' -f .I'+". ,l . .'-,,1.( ,.'"'

Pre-construction inspections of each section of the project component unO ,tffi6'iifrtV.S1{{q.shall be undertaken by the Desrgn and Supervision Consultant and Contractor. I?rfi,itt ,"ru"'to:

' ldentify site specific sub-pr-oject construction or environmental problems.

' ldentify existing services and public utilities that are required to be reinstated, extendecj,and re-located.

. ldentify construction waste disposal sites.

' ldentify quarries and borro,.v p,ts site for extraction of construction materials. ldentify labor and work fc.ce ssn p sites.

' PIan of phasing of consi:.ci':' along the drainage, sewerage and road alignment.

Design and Supei-vision Co-s- .:-: and Conii"acior shall discuss anci agree upon the factorslisted above and docume': =--.'. -g y The Design and Supervision Consultant shall reviewthe sites pegged by tne C:-'.'z:.:':rc approve them for construction where appropriate, orrequest the Contracic':: -:-::-: =::s The cost for inspection is included in the sub-projectimplementation cost

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81.2 Construction Phase

The contractor is whotly responsible for comptying with alt aspects in the construction

contract pertaining to environmental protection provisions and must at all times during the

contract term provide clear evidence that contract requirements are being met'

TheDesignandSupervisionConsultantshaltundertakeappropriatesupervisionsofsub-project works during construction, and inspections of ancitlary sites during their period of

use.Fornon-complianceactivitiesasperEMPcontractconditions,noticeshallbeissuedforrectificationaccordinglyandifrequired,payitemsshallbewithheld.

TheDesignandSupervisionConsultantshallundertakeappropriateinspectionofallancirary sites in use over preceding months, as we* as any anci*ary site activities currently

in progress, at the end of each month in conjunction with the contractor' lf any activities are

not being undedaken in accordance with the contract or EMP conditions' the Design and

supervision consultant shall document these and specify corrective measures rn the

Monthly Report. The Design and'supervision consultant shall provide a copy of the Monthly

Report to the contractor of the inspection for action. The cost for super-vision is included in

the sub-project implementation cost'

8.7.3 Post - Construction Phase

TheDesignandSupervisionConsultantshatlundertakeapost-constructioncertificationinspection of each completed section of sub-project component and each rehabititated

anciilary sites. certification shail be based upon the contract conditions and EMP conditions'

Thecostforpost-constructioncertificationinspectionisincludedintheprojectimplementation cost.

8.7.4 Operation and Maintenance Phase

The environmental monitoring of project during the sub-project operation and maintenance

phase shall concentrate on the major identified potential impacts of the projeci'

The PlU, sTluElP-Birgunj shall underlake regular inspection of the sub-project component

and rerated features upon compretion of sub-project construction. The inspection will include

an assessment of:

proper land filling on landfill cells, placement of cover material' compaction' grading'

cleaning and proper operation of ptant and equipment

Waste segregation, separation and composting '*&Fti*'Appropriate operation of leachate treatment plant Li. '-. nl*i

'',,

Ground and surface water quality monitoring ,{' - - ;Drains and drainage lines, their stability anidrainage line erosion t ""i''.u;'''1"'" ;

Health and safety hazardfor workers / arru vrqrrru,v -- \or;"

-. t"':":'

'

Blockage of drains and cross-drainage , -, -- f,^^r e*o,o. -

Nuisan-ce to neighbouring areas due to odor, insects and rodent liu"Removal and disposal of siudge from treatment plant

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. Road sudace conditioneManagementofprojectstructuressuchastoileJ::admtnistrativebuildings'staffquarters'

guardposts,officebuildings,plantandequipmentmaintenanceunitoarkinglotsetc..Embankedslopestabilityandvegetativecoveroneafthendamfo:rvastestorage.. Damage from sedimentation'

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Standard report covering abo,,efollowing each inspection.

s-: :: completed by PlU, STIUEIP-Birgunj

8.8 Grievance Re-dress Mechanisnr

Public dissent, especially amongsi icca s:a{3'::ers is obvious and common to surfaceupon the sub-project stretch wnere iis a:i.,,ii, ,s undertaken and continued withoutsuggested environmental safeguarcis oei:ig cor:ec:iy r-espected, most notably during materialextraction, sub-project excavation and srorage or spoil material, and draining out hazardousspills over the private land without consent of tne landowner, and finally, creatinginconvenience to the locals (littering along roaC sicje and arable [and, dust hazard, noisepollution etc.) because of inappropriate construction practice.

The concern/grievances from local/affected peop{e may come up related to inappropriateimplementation of various components of EMP These issues can be easily addressedthrough acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. Toresolve grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the sub-project will be directed tothe Project Manager, PtU, STIUE!P-Birgunj through nominated PRO whc will address socialissues and coordinate with PlU, STIUEIP and local community. For local stakeholders'convenience, this mechanism will be affected by establishing mandatory "grievance registerbook" at the Office of Project Manager, PlU, STIUEIP-Birgunj. The register book willdelineate i) date of grievance registered ii) name i address of grievance lodger (stakeholder)iii) nature of grievance being lodged and iv) location / site of fault works requiring corrections.

Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable.Accordingly, response will be given wiihin 15-30 days by the PlU, STIUEIP-Birgunj inconsultation with the Design and Supervision Consultant. ln case the Project Manager, PlU,STIUEIP-Birgunj through Design and Supervision Consultant is unable to resolve the issue,the matter will be forwarded to the PD, DUDBC/PCO. The corrective action will be carriedout as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. Lastly if PD,DUDBC/PCO is unable resolve the matter, the matter will be resolved by the court of law.The outcome shall also form part of quarlerly progress report. Grievance re-dressmechanism shall be translated in Nepali language and posted to the respectiveDDC/Municipality office by PlU, STIUEIP-Birgunj at least 30 days prior to commencement ofconstruction works.

Enttirnnmanlal A/lananamanl Plan 9--7

PIU-Birgunj MunicipalityRegistration of Grievances

Dnt/ncÎIU/UUV

GRM Committee

PD/DUDBC/PCO

Court of Law

Within '15 days

Grievance Re-dress Mechanism

8.9 Accident Response Mechanism during Construction

ln order to adopt prompt accident response mechanism, at work place, a readily availablefirst aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, technician and a standbyvehicle will be provisioned for Accident Response Mechanism. Pertaining to seriousness ofthe nature of injury, immediate transportation to nearby hospital will also be maintained inthe work site.

8.10 Summary of Environmental Mitigation Cost and Benefit Assessment

Most of the mitigation costs are included as in-built in design and estimate. However,mitigation cost not included in in-built design and estimated separately to be included as parlof the contractor's bill of quantity is as listed below- The benefit assessment in terms ofmoney could not be assessed at this.juncture. However, summary of sub-project benefit islisted in the table below.

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Table 8.1: Summary of C. \rtA:f .r Benefit Assessment

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2,100,000

8.11 Environmentar Management and Monitoring pran

Table 8.2, 8.3 and 8.4 presents Environmentar Management pran,Plan and lmpact Monitoring plan respectively.

Compliance Monitoring

Pal;cu a,'s Estimated CoSt:

Environmental Enhancement

Construction of well mana:.:temples

:c iocal schools and

Environmentat Mitigation - Construciion Staoe

Water quality monitoring - 13 s :=s

Clearing of trees and comperisa:c:, c.2-:e: .: 1,766,270Environmental Mitigation - Operation Stage

water/leachate quarity moniroring i5 s,ies x i2 iimes x 35,000)Provision of health care center

Cost for Environmental Audii

Total Environ mental M itigation/Mon itoring Cost 11,226,270Benefit Assessment

Employment opportunity to local people.Transfer of technical skills and know_how.lncrease in economic activity due to project implementation.Local Development Activity i.e. provision of weil managed cemetery,support to locar schoors, provision of new bridge over Sin{ana iiver, andprovision of health care centre as per the demand of rocar ieopte.lmproved Solid waste Management system of Birgunj Municiparity whichwill reduce environmentar risk associaied with heai-th hazard

"nJ irprou"environment, hearth and hygiene of the peopre as compared to thepresent haphazard dumping of sorid waste in low rand

"r"" "no ponos.

Total Project cost incruding vAT, price & physicar contingencies 479,992,077.27Percentage of Environmental Cost to the project Cost

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9_1

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

Birgunj Municipality decideci rc c3 , e 3p s: : ,'. as:e iesource processing centre at

Masaharwa which is located in B,s-''a-3;r a'r i,3., VDC of Bara District near south-

eastern boundary of Birgunj Munlcioa ts cf Parsa D,s:r;c: Tne proposed sanitary land filling

process at sanitary tandfill in 10.76 ha oacoi la:c ts owned by the Birgunj Municipality.

Geographicatly the site is surtable as the nearby settlenrent is far beyond 500 meters and

Singaha river flows along the wesiern border of ihe proposed site. This provides natural

settings in discharge of treated leachate in naiur-al cirarnage channel.

There is no environmentatly sensitive area near to the proposed site. The nearest Parsa

Wildlife Reserve is around 25 km far from the proposed site. Since there is no settlement

nearby, nuisance to neighboring area due to foul order and influx of insects, rodents and

public health hazard from odor, and disease transmitted by fties, insects, bird and rats will be

insignificant.

As per site condition, the land filling methods and operations adopted is area method where

filling operation of solid waste is carried out by building an eadhen dam all around the

proposed landfill cells as the terrain is unsuitable for the excavation of trenches in which to

place the solid waste.

Anaerobic Sanitary Landfill system has been designed against Re-circulatory Semi-aerobic

Sanitary Landfill system as the former is simple during operation and is less costly. There is

no conveyance of air into the waste disposal area and the wastes decomposition is mainly in

anaerobic condition. The decision to re-circulate leachate back into the landfill to promote

rapid degradation of the waste was not made because of its operational complexity and

literature on landfill operations indicate that there is no long term advantage for such a

system.

Surface and ground water pollution from leachate is less likely because the land presently is

used for flooded paddy indicating very low infiltration and the design includes leachate

collection and treatment facility with placement of HDPE sheet liner and clay liner system at

the bottom as well as along the vertical slope of waste storage dam to prevent leachate

contaminating the ground and sur-face water. Methane and other gases will be generated as

the waste degrades within the landfill mass. Gas collection facilities consists of collection

wells and a flaring station depending upon the characteristics of the deposited waste after

composting and other waste recovery and processing activities.

The probability of road blockage during construction period is very less as the site is located

along rural setting with current low traffic ftow. The positive aspect of the proposed site is

that it is presently connected with exlsting gravel road to Ward 19 of Birgunj Municipality

which is just around 1.5 km west of the proposed site.

ln order to minimize the impact in nearby settlement, buffer area/strip has been proposed all

around the landfill site with apprcpriate tree plantation within the buffer arealstrip.

^-.^^1..^:^^ ^^) n^^^^^^Â^l;^^' O 1

The experience of operational difficulty of other lancifili site. the operation of this landfill site

will also be not easy The local people will use this srie as ihe fulcrum to bargain for

fulfillment of their demand. Hence a clear agreement wtli have to be made with the local

community on the availability of the development fund against using their area.

The identified anci predicted impacts have been evaluated to know their significance. A

number of benefit augmentation measures and adverse impacts mitigation measures have

been proposed to offset the adverse environmental impacts, and make the project

environment-friendly. The mitigation measures will minimize the impacts sufficiently.

ln order to ensure the implementaiion of the proposed mitigation measures, an

environmental management ptan has been developed which includes activities, staffing,

budgeting and reporting.

Cost for environmental mitigation, monitoring and auditing have been proposeci. Most of the

mitigation costs are included as in-built in design and estimate. However, environmental

managernent cost not inctuded in in-built design and estimated separately to be included as

part of the contractor's bill of quantity amounts to be NRs. 11,226,270"00 for the effective

implementation of mitigation, monitoring and project auditing activities. This cost is about

2.34% of the total project cost that includes vat, price and physical contingencies.

9.2 Recommendation

The EIA reporl uses valuable information of the detailed design of the project. The design of

the proposed project has considered lessons learnt from implementation of various landfill

sites around the country.

The project will be implemented with strict adherence to the mitigation measures as

prescribed in the Environmental Management Plan which is designed to form part of the

Bidding Document so that the contractor's are compelled to implement them. The proposed

environmental enhancement measures will help upgrade the quality of life of the affected

people. Training and employment during construction will be crucial in enhancing livelihood

of affected locals.

Taking into consideration the nature of the project, its location, evaluated environmental

impacts and practical mitigation measures, including existing policies and laws on solid

waste management and resource mobilization, and the environment, this project could be

recommended for implementation. However, it is to be noted that proposed site is meant for

the disposal of the municipal wastes only and hazardous waste shall not be entertained in

the landfill site.

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ANNEX 1

Appil"oved Terms of Reference

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Government of NepalMinistry of Urban Development

Department of Urban Development and BuildingConstruction (DUDBC)

TERMS OF REFERENCE .

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTof

Sanitary Landfill Development for lmproved SolidWaste Management of Birgunj Municipality

Bara and Parsa District

Proponent

Birgunj Sub-metropolitan CityProject Implementation Unit (PlU)

Secondary Towns lntegrated Urban Environment Improvement Project (STIUEIP)Birgunj, Parsa, Nepal

Submitted to

Ministry of Science, Technology and EnvironmentThrough

Department of Urban Development and Building ConstructionAnd di i'', ,,

Ministry of Urban Development ;rar+

Prepared by

SMEC lnternational Pty Ltd.. Australia in association with Brisbane City EnterprisesPty Ltd, Australia, CEI,.4AT Consultants (P) Ltd., Nepal and Building Design Authority

Nepal

July 2013

lr

-:rms of ReferenceSanitary Ljrndfill Development for Birgur.:

Table of Contents{BBREVIATIONS AND ACRONY}IS :........-...............III

1. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PROPO\E\T PREPARING THE REPORT....................... ...........4t:

1.1. THE PRopoN8NT.............. ........-.......4

2.2 PROJECT LOCATION AND EXISTNG S -i,]] \\..{STE I\4ANAGEMENT PRACTICE ................... 52.3 PRoJECTAccESSTBiLtTy ................92.4 IMpACTAREADELnrEATIoN........ ......................- 92.5 OBJECTTvES oF TOR....... .............. t02.6 OBJECTTvES oF EIA ..................... l02.7 RATroNALrry roR CoNoucrrNc EIA .............. l02.8 FEATURES oF pRoposED Sue-pRo-recr CoMpoNENT ....-........ I 1

2.9 CoNSTRUCTIoN PLANNnrG.................. "............ 15

]. DATA NEEDED FOR. THE PREPARATIO|.,I OF TTIE REPORT, AND PROCEDURE OF COLLECTTNG

3.1 REeUTRED DaraaNo INFoRMATroN................. ....................11? I I Duvcra r ^\rn t-ttattrn^ r n,r,rn^.,.,. .,...rr I rllnL ru\u vnEtvuuAL Ll\ vtf(ul\lvLtl\ 1............ ---.-.-....-.... I I3.1.2 BroLoGrcAL ENVTRoNMENT ......... 173.1.3 Socro-EcoNoMrc AND CuLTURAL ENVrRoNMENT............. ....................... 173.2 DATACoLLECTToNPRocEDURESi Meruoos... ...-...---""....-._.-. lg3.2.1 DESK STUDy aNo LmeRatuRE REVTEw ........... lg

323PuBLtc CoNSULrArroN............... ......".......-...... 19

3.2.5 PuBLrc HEARnTG ..-... 19

3.2.7 CoNSULTATToN wrru CoNcpRNED AGENCIcS............... .......20

4. POLICTES, LAWS, RULES AND MANUATS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHILE PREPARING

5.2 Esrrvareo BUDGET ......"............225.3 NECESSARy ExpeRrs...... ._..........22

6. SCOPE DETERMTNED FOR THE PREPARATTON OF THE REPORT"... ......-........,..23

6.1 ScopE or EIA .........23

6.1.2 IssuES Relseo By STAKEHoLDERS.......... ."......236.2 IssuES PRroRrrrzED erqo CoNsToERED FoR THE 8IA...... ._ 246.2.1 ADVERSE IssuES ""....246.2.2 BENEFrcrel IssuEs ........"."..._.".....25

7. IMPACT ON THE ENVTRONNIENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ............26

8. OTHER ALTERNATIVES FOR THE IN{PLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSAL..."..............."....26

9. MEASURES TO REMOVE AN}'\ECATIVE IMPACT THAT MAY BE NOTICED WHILEIMPLEMENTING THE PROPOS{L ....................26

IItItIIIIIttT

tIII

Terms of Re;=:=::=Sanitary Lan:- : -l:'.,=iocment for Birgunj Municipality

IO..PARTICLLARS OF THE COST AND RETURNS OFTHE PROPOSAL......... .............2i

I1. MATTERS TO BE }IONITORED WHILE TMPLEMENTTNG THE PROPOSAL........ ..,................?7

RELEVANT INFORMATION, REFERENCE LISTS, ANNEXES, MAPS, PHOTOGRAPHS, TABLES .'\\CHARTS, GRA.PHS AND QUESTTONNATRES TO BE MONITORED AT THE TIME OF PREPARI\C

17.

13.

]Q

?e

References...... -"'2tProject Photos

List of Tables

Environmental Study Requirements..... ..:..--- ..'10Salient Features of irroposed Sub-project Component... .--.-..11Environmental lmpact Assessment Schedule... ... " ' " 22

lnput from the Stakeholders. --...23

List of Figures

2.12.25.16.1

2.12.2

Location of Proposed Solid Waste Management and Landfill SiteLayout Plan of the Proposed Sanitary Landfill Site...

List of Study Team Members

A,nnexes

Annex 1:

IIIIIIItIIIIII

---ms of Reference: 'ritary Landfill Development for Birouni i.t ,- ^ -, -

AB BREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ArnsI

CBOs

DDC

DDP

DUDBC

EA

EIA

EMAP

EMP

EPA

EPR

GoN

IA

IEE

Km

m

MoSTE

MoUD

NGO

PAPs

PCO

PIU

PMSC

PWD

PAPs

STIUEIP

SLF

SWM

WWTP

ToR

VDC

. ,,a"rit;.y49,i;;' ;'r ':'W' '

,].4a '1.,1e,.f'%*?...,'"'

" /)*A 1iy" .':i"',,&.\- Iry>

Above Mean Sea Level

Community Based Organizations

District Development Commiltee

District Development profile

Department of Urban Development and Building constructionExecuting Agency

Environment lmprovement project

Environmental lmpact A.ssessment

Environmental Monitoring plan

Environmental Protection Act

EnvironmentaI Protection Rutes

Government of Nepal

lmplementation Agency

lnitial Environmental Examination

Kilometre

Meter

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

Ministry of Urban Development

Non Goverqnrent Organization


Project Coordination efficeProject lmplementation Unit

Project Management and Support Consultant

Public Works Directives


Secondary Towns lntegrated Urban Environment lmprovement project

Sanitary Landfill

Solid Waste Management

Waste Water Treatment plant

Terms of Reference

Village Development Committee

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ttIII

.Terms of Reference forEnvironmental lmpact Assessment (ElA) of

Sanitary Landfill Development for lmproved Solid WasteManagement of Birgunj Municipality

,1 . NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PROPONENT PREPARING THE REPORT

1.1. The Proponent

rroiect lmplementation Agencv

Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan CityProject lmplementation Unit (PIU)Secondary Towns lntegrated Urban Environment lmprovement Project (STIUEIP)Birgunj, Parsa, NepalTelephone . +977 5153218GFacsimile: +977 51521220E-mail. stiueip. [email protected]

Proiect Execution Aqencv

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD)

Co-ordination, Monitorinq and lmplementation

The Project Coordination Office (PCO) in Department of Urban Development and BuildingConstruction (DUDBC) is responsible for overall coordination, monitoring andimplementation of STIUEIP assisted by the Project Management Support Consultants(PMSC).

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-::mS of Referencej.:itary Landfill Development for Birguni l,i_

2, GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF TI-,{E PROPOSAL2.1 Background-re Department of Urban Developr::::::rj Building Construction (DUDBC), under the'.linistry of Urban Development (MoUD, :-:cugh the Government of Nepar, has received-can 2650-NEP: Secondary Towns lnia:rated Urban Environmental lmprovement ProjectSTIUEIP or the Project), from the Asia;r D=,relopment Bank (ADB). MoUD is the execuiing

agency for the Project, working thrcugh DUDBC, and Birgunj municipality is the:n plementing agencies (lAs).

The Project will implement urban env;ronmental improvement on an integrated basisincluding sewerage and drainage, solid waste and urban roads and lanes in the Birgunjmunicipality. lt will also include:

a

a

a

a

community development programs such as awareness-raising on health and hygiene;3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle);investment in small-scale community facilities in the municipalities; andcapacity strengthening of the municipalities and central government in the field of projectmanagement and operation.

The Project will be implemented over a five year period supported by the Asian DevelopmentBank (ADB) through project loans. The EIA study covers the Solid Waste Managementcomponent of the subproject with development of Sanitary Landfill for Birgunj Sub-metropolitan City.

Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City is Nepal's principal trade centre. The city has experiencedrapid groMh especially in the past decade, due to migration to the city from peripheraldistricts and VDCs for security reasons, or other reasons such as for a better livelihood.There is consequently environmental deterior.ation resulting from inadequate sanitation anddrainage, and mounting traffic congestion mainly in the main road leading to poor air qualityin the city. The individual institutional efforts of both the sub-metropolis and sectoralagencies in addressing these issues, has remained uncoordinated and grossly inadequate.Most of the fertile agricultural fields are rapidly converting into residential and commercialareas. The eastern part of the sub-metropolis which lies in the flood-prone area of theSingaha River is also being changed to residential and commercial areas due to pressure ofan increase in the population in the sub-metropolitan city. Most buildings are beingconstructed in Wards 1B and 19. The infrastructural facilities such as solid waste, roads,sewer and storm-water drains and water supply, need to be developed to match the currentrate of other development, which remains a major future concern.

Birgunj Sub-metropolitan City, PlU, STIUEIP has engaged the Design and SupervisionConsultant to undertake Detailed Engineering Survey, Deiign and Conslruction Supervisionfor improvemenUdevelopment of infrastructural facilities including Sanitary Land Fill fmanagement of solid waste for Birgunj City including Environmental lrnpact Assessmepreparation of contract document for execution of the construction work..

2-2 Project Location and Existing Solid Waste Management Practice { tb;The proposed Sanitary Landfill Site for Solid Waste Management of Birgunj Municipalidte&.in ltiyahi and Bishrampur VDC Ward No" 7 and 9 respeitively of Baia oirtri"t in CEffi,"Development Region of Nepal. The Singaha river located on the western part of theproposed sanitary landfill site touches Ward No. 19 of Birgunj Sub-metropolitan city. Theproposed Sanitary Landfill site is linked with Birgunj via existing 1.0km gravel road fromWard No. 19 of Birgunj. The location of proposed solid waste manigement ind landfill site isindicated in Figure 2.1.

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Sanitary Landfill Development for Eir:_

i-he proposed SLF with a totaj a:_=ais_iocated it 26'Sg, q7,, north Iaii:u :.:1.5m.

l"J1[:ffiH[TL[J:i?;5'#,,.-='= =:=r.:::

-.1--- i.,. sorid waste manasement, with:ciuding tocus on

"orposting of ,ror.:,;=,.=.. ::-"1'.-gation and collection, through 3i: il xfl

y"l il' :l' : :: ru; l**ii::; t ;; :-: : ;. iJ.,'&"I'1ffi : li if is;',5::'i,i ll::ctentiar ror utirizins the crean D";l;o;.=;, ,';:=;:.;.,.#fi [?=.iffi:#ff"r;:?Xlffs.udies wilr be unue-rtaren J*irg ih" i!,r,,uo cesign stage.

S:ruey data from 2011 stated a per-capita waste generation of ,0.35 .rcglcapldayas municipalaverase with a bulk densitv or b.sza r<g/ ror_Hir;rni sro-r"ti"p"rlJ rnSt rn z3ss-NEp,'nstitutional strenqthening tilurn-ilipti-ti"., ri."i nli"5) Fgr_ a projected popuration of180'624 in 2o1r ' tn" totalhunicip"i ,,,ir.t" generation t? eirgun; sub-metroporis is estimated

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Particr rlar Pqrcentage (o/o) Particularorganic Darran+nnllil51 0e Leatheri,iastic

PaDer1O.14 Metal

0.1 66.55Textile r\uuoer 0.10

BonesUIASS 0.05lnertsuthers 25.O8

o.11

Under the support.of PPPUE program of uNDp in Nepal, and as a new model for privatesector involvemert in rendering-";unicrpat services,'iirgunl sub-metroporis has recenrv(since september,2olrl contraZt.i it, swrvr';;;;'in core areas of ward nos. 10 and 15ror a period of s yeal. t;';-i;;rr NGo Ji"J1st., aniya As;;il; Bikash sahayosKaryakram (LIDS)"' fn" *o-rltroJori" ""1.

it. ;[]"tii* of. extending swM service with thisconcept in other wards too in ,"li^l1ll", ;i il r;;;;r viabre artei ctose monitoring andevaluation of the private sector,s'p!lor*rn"". : monitoring and

ln all other wards however, as before, the sub-metroporis has been rendering regurarmuntcipal cleaning service in two snitts aaiiy ti". ,i*i"g.and day shitts) at two differentlevels - municipai-tevet "no

*rii rlver ,rhe'"i;;iJil'rever servic" "or"o the area in andaround main roads divided in g Jifrerent routes, *r'.,"i"r, the ward level service covers thearea within the soecific ward' orting winter woitin!-time ot the morning shift is 06:30 -10:30 and rhat

"rir'," JrvLn#i ir"rl,bi- l7:ooi.H"*"rlr, ouring summer, working time of themorning shift is 06:00 - io,oo ,ro il,rt of the a"/rr..,iril. 14.00-- lt:oo,- iiivlteaning servicecoverage is about 60% by ,r"r. ih. ,rnLip.r'swM ."ri.", li o"rlrr".nt, technicary /operationally includes: rqrrrerHqr uvvrvr setvlce, at present, technically /

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(a) city creanins 3T ;i;7+,.1t,;i'il,',i',t:..-'-:',.',;i-=;;l

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./' the regular street / p'i"': s:a:= cleaning at municipal level along main roads, andi,ai,.;.,' ,;;..r-* ,.:,iward level along sic-=':=:: :-:s ",

lhin w-ards in tnuilru.pective oJrineo areas; ,,,; -;,ir,) "i"

' cleaning of urban .c2-i -= ^'' -" l^c special drains by the municipalservice; and ,

Te-i-:s: P.eference

-sair:ai-, La:iflll Developmeni for B

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. collecr,on of swept wpstes together wiih waste heaps dumped by the public at traditionai

colleciion points along road sides (unfortunately also in roadside drains) by pick-up

service using tippers and tractor-trailers.

(b) Collecilon and Transportation

. collection of household and commercial wastes dumped at certain designated public

collection points (usually corners of road junctions) by pick-up service using tractor-

trailers and tippers;

. collection of household and commercial wastes in some core areas by door-to-door

service rendered by some Tote Devetopment committees, and

. transporting the wastes thus collected either to private disposal sites for filling lowlands

upon ,"qr&t of the owners or to the present dump sites near custom office in ward nos'

2 and 19 close to the border to lndia.

It is reported that, collection of waste by container service was practiced some 5-6 years

ago, however without success. The publit container sites were always seen dirty, as wastes

were thrown mostly outside the containers.

Average municipal waste collection was reportedly 30 tons/day in 2011 This shows that,

although city cleaning service coverage is about AOU Oy area, by collected waste quantity

however the service coverage is only about 47% (2011).

(c) Final Disposal

All collected solid wastes are finally disposed of either at private areas for filling lowlands

upon request of the owners, or filling public lands of depressions, stagnant ponding areas,

welands, or even along river bankJwithin the municipal area. The lowlands, after gaining

height by waste filling, -rr" cor"r"d with soil as and when required. Through t.his practice,

sevlral' dump sites-have been changed into valuable lands for developing squatter

settlement areas. Nevertheless, the pr6sent dump site near custom oflice in ward no'2

(close to the border to lndia) is still in operation, however with crude dumping practice.

(d) Composting

Composting of organic waste fractions is very little practiced within the municipal area

although the was-te composition is favorabli for composting. There is reportecjlv rccomminal composting at present, and even household composting is also negligible'

(e) Recycling

Despite high content on reusable/recyclables (e'g. paper, plastics, glass etc') in the

municipal waste stream, the Sub-metropolis, as suih, is not at all involved in recovery of

these waste fractions. Many scrap dealers are found to have settled their kawadi depots in

and around along the roadi to the custom office for their own private business on municipai

solid waste.

Orqanizational Structu re and Staffi ng

In the municipal organizational structure, staffing of sections and even of sub-sections r';:;:

respective job desiriptions remains mostly ,ncleat. According to the current municica

organizational chart, iwo units (i.e. Solid Waste Collection Sub-section and Solid V/a":=

Diiposal Sub-section) are directly responsible for total solid wqsJe T.l1EiT"nt in the Suc-

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r : clis. These sub-sections 2:=-:nment and Sanitation Divisro--:Cer "Sanitation Section,,of the

n-:rent / vehicles possessed by':-= S-:--=:-::: s for regurar Sorid waste colection:.sposal service and other san':a: :- :'-s:--::ron wor(s includes Handcardts (40Tricycle (14 nos.), Tractortraije- '- -:-: 3..: :apaciiy), Tractortrairer fia nos., + m.

=--,:y), Tipper (6 m'capacity), Bacx -:3_".::::- - :o.) and suction irn[ur'(2 nos., 3 mB

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these all are in operating cc'dt: :- :i.:ect ror- onu Suction tanker tr-ught in high

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- ---al expenditure of the Sub-metropolis inlsot3driqlste management service in the last:.:, I::: ?!!0!11 y,t l"P9t?d to be 57 75 mirriin r.r-Fnland the expenditure in the current

-=::l year is projected at 59.02 million NPR (2.2% highe'r compared to the last fiscal year).- s expenditure seems to be very high for the cove-rage and quality of the service being' -: ' ided. Expenditure analysis of t-he list fiscal year shJws that -65.20/o of the total amount' :'<pended in salary,23.8o/o in allowances and other benefits,6.2o/o in fuel and lubricantsl

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!!uinmenlrverricrei, r .yr" in ctothes/dresses for "*""p"r.,:':0.9Yo in purchasing smail equipment and toors (e.g. brooms,.hore]r:ri#-1!ffi:;

--=-'-.I-i:lt t^t.9) lt is however to be noted that there has'b6en negtigiole *u"nr. collection'-:r the SWM service rendered by the Sub-metropotir,

"r."pt that from septic tanks: :aning service.

:.3 ProjectAccessibility

: -gunj is quite accessible. lt is linked with .d.ifferent places via the Tribhuvan Rajpath and

=ast-west Highway. There are 115 km of black topeJ road, g3 km gravelled and g2 km=arthen roads and a number of trails within ftre municiprtity. ou"rrll roa"ds in tsirgunj are in a:cor condition. Simara Airport is located about 22kmlo il-.r" nor6r oith";ity.2.4 lmpact Area Delineation

ihe subproject area impact zone for the EIA study has been divided into two parts on the:j:.:t^ ?jl,:i-TlY_fl,! lasnitude.of ftre impaJinuv-rr" "core subproject area,, and the;::i:'"lH:';EX1Jf,:l::ii:,,ffi,:3,:,,11;;:;:::*;t",,,*;##ffi#;:#-d4.,-,r__imcore subproiect area h-$$ -,.,'-.f

racitities, -ffi Tj:.}COlleCtion and francnnrfotinn ar^^- aa ..,û ^^ rr--

\.{,w_,collection and transportation areas as weu as the ;rJ ih;i;ilffi;;;i:;"'J;:',:i"n.l* --construction and operation of the project and fenced off for safeguarding of variousstructures and facilities as well as the. permanently acquireo area by the project. The .coresubproject area" includes a.reas occupied by the pr.p"rl,o Landfill site at ward T andward gof ltiyahi and BishraTPur vDC respectively of

'Baia oistrict and Birgunj sub-metropolitancity area of Parsa District where collecti-on and transportation of waste is carried outincluding area covering ward 7 and ward s of ttiyahilno gi.nrampur VDC. These area isalso defined as "Direct lmpact Zone".

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Surroundinq Area

"surrounding area" indicaies a greater area, which will directiy or indirecfly be influenced bythe implementation of the pro:ec-i. These area includes Boundary of Birgunj sub-metropolitan

I

Birguni Municipality

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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

s:rict and ltiyahi and Bishramp-ur VDC of Bara District where no project

, :,es are located. These area is also defined as "lndirect lmpact Zone" "

2.5 Objectives of TOR

The principat cbjec:;ve of the TOR for the EIA of the Prdject are:

. to identify the general requirements for the EIA of the Subproject area;

. to define the main tasks for EIA investigations and reporting; incorporating the main

issues identifieC during the scoping and the issues and concerns of the local people

raised during the scoping meetings;. to systematization of working procedure;. to set out a time frame with required expert human r"=-@c-'es''for carrying out EIA study

together wiih estimated budget required, and -,,:\' ; ';1'"1'',,i.i. to provide guideline for the ElA. ?|.,, ,r;.i:,,,,..-,i,,1i' .,jl2.6 Objectives of EIA u;") !;; ; i"";ii- ':i':'

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The primary objective of the EIA is to assess and inform '&eman makers about the potential

enviionmentat impacts of the proposed project and to suggest appropriate and pragmatic

mitigation measures to mitigate and I or minimize the adverse impacts so that the Project

can be implemented in an environmentally friendly manner.

The specific objective of the EIA are:

. to document important physical,conditions of the subproject area;

biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline

to identify, predict and assess the adverseproject in terms of magnitude, extent andoperation phases;

. to suggest mitigation measures forbeneficial impacts;

. to familiarize various stakeholders with EIAparticipation programs and to incorporate

and beneficial environmental impacts of theduration during the project construction and

the adverse impacts and enhancement measures for

outcomes through public consultation andtheir relevant concerns and issues in EIA

1*tir\rfrh

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report;. to prepare environmental management, monitoring and auditing plans; and to provlde

sufficient information to decision makers about likely consequences of the project due to

its implementation to make the final decision for the approval of the project.

2.7 Rationality for Conducting EIA

As per EPR 1gg7 and its subsequent amendments, EIA is mandatory for the proposec

development of Sanitary Landfill as per clause details presented in Table 2.1.

J

Table 2.1: Environmenta ReouirementsProject

GomponentStudy

ReouirementEPR Clause

No.EPR Clause Statement

Solid WasteManagement

EIA

Schedulel1 (a)

Schedule(c)

1,

1, t1

. Requires IEE for land filling of wasteranging between 1000-5000 tons peryear whereas EIA for greater than 5000tons per Year.

. Requires IEE for land filling coveringarea between 5 to 10 ha.

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Project9omponent

Component

SWM] ComponentSolid WasteResourceProcessingFacility andSanitary Landfill

flSubsequenflv the EpR empowers the Ministry of:l?:.1:l ro-approv_e the EtA reporr. this roR has-=qurrements

of EpR Rule S and'schedule 4.

Science, Technology and Environmentbeen prepared in Lccordance with the

I

urrementtrDD r- -, -^gr t\ !t=.:5E;

EPR Clause StatementThepropose@process at sanitary landfill in 11.i3 haland at privately owned paddy fanO

3f readV acquired by the'frif unitipaiity at

Itiyahi and Bishrampur VDC oi B;;"-District for Birgunj Municipality

"r.""0.rne required threshold value as the dailysolid waste generation i.

"rtirli"A ,iaround 1Z,SZZ tons per year at year2016 and total solid *r.i" ot ZSq-,ilZtons will be fiiled in the tand fill ."iL

"ru,of 4.92 ha during its j5 years fiie spanr.e. year2030 (DSC design report). ThusrI exceeds the threshold value of landfilling as well as landfilling ,r..-ruqriiingEIA study.

Function /Purpose Description of Activities

Quantificationof

ConstructionItems /

Activities

Location

basic Ievelsolid wastemanagementsystem andimproveurbanenvironment

. Construction of bounUarywall, processing shed andwatchmen quarter andworkers changing rooms /shower, waste depositareas;

. Construction of receivingramps and loading bays,tree plantation, turfing-andlandscaping at solid rlrastetransfei points;

. lmprovement of accessroads including internalroads with metallic surface. Site clearance, surfacingand excavation

. Construction of waste

Construction ofsolid wasteresourceprocessingcentre in 1 1.13ha land havingtotal life spanof 15 yearsbeginning fromyear 2016 andending in year2030.

owned paddyland of 11.18ha alreadyacquired bytheMunicipality inWard 7 andWard g ofItiyahi andBishrampurVDC of BaraDistrict.

The nearestsettlementfrom the

Second6ry

San;ia . *a-:-- I )evelopment for B

Component i Function /''- -"-"- I Purpose Description of Activities

Quantificationof

ConstructionItems /

Activities

Location Ideposit area,administrative buildingsincluding health carefacility for workers,watchmen quafter andgenerator house,segregation andprocessing shed, separatededicated pit for medicalwaste, parking lot,weighbridge and vehiclewash, water supplydistribution network, well,surface drainage, Ieachatedrainage collection andsump tanks, leachatetreatment unit, installationof site lights and fireextinguishers;Landfill gas managementfacilities;Waste composting facilityarea;Waste recycling andmaterial recovery.facilitiesarea;Tree plantation, tur.fing andlandscaping in solid wasteprocessing site;River training and bankprotection in Singaha riverincluding retaining walls forembankment protection oflandfill cells"Stock pile area for suitableclay, liner and covermaterial,Operation of the landfilland also other wastemanagement facilities (e, g.MRF, windrow compostingfacility with inpuUoutputdesign capacity) for theestimated life span of theISWM site.

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I proposed SLFj is Mushharwa

I in BishrampurI VDC which isI zt, east ofSLF andItiyahisettlementlocatedaround 2kmNorth East ofSLF. Nagwaward No. 19 ofBirgunjMunicipality isaround 1kmwest of SLFconnected byexisting gravelroad. Theproposed SLFis around 3kmsouth eastfrom theBirgunj corearea(Ghantaghar).

The proposedSLF consistsof agriculturalland withsparseuegetationiconcentratedat western;ide)ronstituting

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'anging from l

).30m to '

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The Layout PIan of the proposed sanitary randfiil is presented in Figure 2.2.ttISecondary Towns Urban invironment tnprorement proiect

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,':ste segregation, storage and Vorui-r-a F"eduction at source--= concept of volume reduction a: :-: s:--:. s-=i be the first priority to be promoted by-= sclid waste management organiza::- :-=: s .-ccosed to be established in the wards of: -;:ni. Under the leidership oT the C.-, = ,'=,.. !i-,rrt u.n"rk on a massive .t*rrritv: ::-'ness campaign (information, e:*::::- a^: .ommunication) and actively promote the=:-ction, recycling and reuse (3Rs a-: - -:.:alion of wastes generated it't" source.:=sconsibility for sorting and segrege'..' .'::iegradable and non-biodegradabte wastes'^: i be at the household level, bus,r:-.ss :::meicial, industrial and instiiutional centers,: -: in all other point source of solid v/as:es.

"i aste collection, Transport and Disposal at sanitary Landfill

--e objective is to organize and prepare a schedule that will collect, transport and dispose': d waste at Sanitary Landfill. Waste coilection points shall be established at designated::ations and transport routes established to increase the present collection service of the':=t of vehicles and trailers and target a coliection service of 600/o. The assessment of road::nditions and coordinating new roules with municipality will be a priority activity to increase-: iiection service.

:e collection efforts will be coordinated with the ward leaders, the households and the"GOs

who are working on the 3Rs as this would decrease their load and increase their:ficiency. The concerted efforts are targeted to minimize waste g"n"rrtion and reduce,',aste at the source or at the points of generation.

'lehicles used for collection and transport of solid wastes shall have appropriate:cmpartments to facilitate efficient storing of sorted wastes while in transit The waste:ompartment shall have a cover to ensure the secure containment of solid wastes while in::ansit.

'^/ards shall be made organized to be responsible for the collection, segregation, recycling ofciodegradable, recyclable, cornpostable and reusable wastes. The resulting residual wastesshall then be transferred to the waste resource processing center for composting andrecycling at the Sanitary Landfill Site. I s

The City's waste collection vehicles coping from different wards of Birgunj shall bring thesegregated recyclable wastes into the waste resources processing "en=tre'in

the saiitaryLandfill site. Further the recyclables will be sorted and biodegradable will be separated thatl'll g_? for composting. The iemaining waste will then be dumlped in designated landfill cellstn a sanitary manner with daily cover of waste, proper management of leaihate and gas.

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- s of Reference- -=ry Landfill

Figure 2.2 Layout plan of proposItiyahi & tsishrampr

;BeraPi-SrdIt

: :',, ,,,] |l/itli lf/ala

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f#-l f_.'1,-tl

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TstalArea = 111,58.071 nz*17.152 Hq#re* fS S&*e i 9168,7 dtoor

d& *ffiTtwm$# @raaryea*m&ade8:

r-

ed Sanitary Landfill SiterrVDC;i

Ei' i :e87:il x

---@--,-

=ff -\. -, ,i

ffi. "--, li ,i ffH lli'-t.l :;ilh.\,'li-;i . I jll6l .!l-= l;ti lx t I

-. ,-.1\ >,

::7 liiiia I (t 'i

^ ; ).-'- - -ii.ui $1 @ /:-l , li;i -7 ,' I'li,illlli-: li"i'lfo"! Il -"' lri U ll

Legend:1,0 Enirsnce Gole

2,0 lYort" Reception cenlre

3.0 Siie Offico/Adminisiroiion tsuildihg

i,0 Wosle Resources processing Csnter (wRPe)5,0 Reeycloble Sloroge Poper,Plosiid,Gloss,Melol6.0 Sioff offics (IYRPC)

7.0 Hozordous (Reslduol) wosle Room

8.0 Cornposling Cenlar9,0 Recyclobles (non-compcsloble sioroge sheds)

10.0 Compostlng Racepiion Areo

11.0_wtqry_!9-posl Plles. , _:'12.0 Composi Moiurotlon BIns

13.0 Post-horvasi screaning onC pockoging

I 4,0 Finol Composl Produci Siorag€ ,

l5,o Stotfr/workers Chonglng Arao &: Quorl:re16.0 Wokshop/Equipmeni depol ond iWoshing Focilities

l7.O Londflll Cells Ai'eo Finol Cover Plon

18.O Lcndlill Cells Oifice Offica cndiCovered Siorcga

19.0 Leochcle Treotmeni Fociliil Ofiice20,0 LeocholE Treoimeni Holding Tonk

2i,0 Leochoia Treotmenl Ploni Areo (Fuiura)

_ 2Z,O Anoqr-ebic_-g-o,rrd-.-.-.... -..- ;25.0 Foculioiiva pend i

24,0 Molurolion Pond

25.0 Sludge Drying Ber!

ti.62

I ..., I- : , 1l,4 i\- ii"i ,-r-- i

li !r'r\;-liiil,lil'jr\ li i i

Ji i---r=*-- li

2b.O Ganerotor House end Eleclricol Room2i,a Fual sioroge Siruelura (soeo-sooo niars)

Zi,O \ycier Supply Pumping Sioiion and Elevolsd Wotsr Tonk (Yahicle \{oier Focility)

30,0 Wolur Supply Pumping Sioiion ind Elevoled Woier Tank (Domestic)

5J.O Woter Supply Fociliiies ;

32,0 lnierior roods

55.0 Comunicqiion iociliiY i

5i.o Heqlih Core Yfosis Focifii,v (Fuiure)55,0 Properiy Boundory fence

I

SOO F**.S" goundoq, Wett .

57,0 Surfccs \{oler lniercepiion Cqndl

s6.o ooily Cover Siockpile Arec I

59.0 |,{oniioring \{ell f 1

41,0 SecuritY Wslch Totter

Lffics, <r(

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ir/ tJ

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-

brovel Kocql

^"//

-

River Khoto:

e.oposed Rood

Borbed Vlne Fenclng

-l- Proposed }raln :

:

Dro'rn By : G P' Chcui;:ry

,ur-9

KIg&

-.-- : tf ReferenceLandflll Development for Bi

: ! Construction planning

: ;.1 Construction Schedule

-: entire construction period is piar:=: ,:- :---::::: .,,:r.irn 24 months, beginning froml=':ember 2013 up to the end oi Aug:s: 2--- --: ccsi construction period (i.e. defects=: iiiy period) is planned from the begil;-.;:; :, S:c:=:-=er 2A15 till the end of January 2016-:: may extend furtheras necessitatei,,,,-,_- s-: ;3 iis end of the project

--= full fledge construction will be affeciec::r-i'r! ine nronsoon season i.e. June, July and- -gust when the rainwater will obstru.ci in sr-ic::rl impiementation of the project. This effect-=s been taken into account in preparing the scredule.

:.9.2 Project lnfrastructures

-i:e lmplementation Schedule will aiso consider construction camps and facilities. ln the' :inity of the Subproject area, labour camps coulcj be built or rented accommodation shall:: soughtforthe laborswhich shall have ali basic requirements of health and sanitation.

@Allunwantedexcavatedmaterialscomingfromthesiteofdifferent"rolect components shall be disposed off in a systematic wJy in the designated spoil:rsposal areas. some of the volume of excavated material might be useful for filling workscehind retaining and other structures including tanuscaping at borrow areas etc.

Scoil deposits should be shaped into forms merging to the landscape.

C The camp will include workshops/mechanical yards,

l,"Ji:l" areas wilt be anocated for frOorurl-;;;";'d;;; in due consideration for safedrinking water and sanitation facirities shail be made.

within chure range nearwill be used to provide

- _- -* -:-' : --.>.', i.- -=-,_;--

Quanies arrd Borrow Areas: lt is highry likely to get the materiarsamlekhgunj area located around 40 ti, ,ortn oi girgun;. Thesenecessary construction materials for the construction works.

Enoineers Camo:. The Engineers camp and office will be at rented house in Birgunj cityconstituting guesthouse, laboratory, community cenleis, ofiices, ,nJ ii"ing-quarters with safedrinking water, sanitation and communication fl.ifiti"..-

Fmerqencv Medical Unit: ln order to provide a firsthand emergency treatment to all thestaffs' as and when required, a provision of a medical clinic is envisaged within the project;itg for.gm.ergency medical .u*i.u. For further treatment, if so required, one can approachto the distriet hospital in Birgunj.

2.9.3 ConstructionMaterials

The availability of construction material, the time required for their procurement, transport,processing and delivery has a big influence in the planning and scheduling of works at site.The major construction materials-required for the construction which will be looked into fortheir availability, transport. storage and other aspects from project implementation purposeare as follows:

' cement will be impoie: f:c:r ric:a if locar suppry is inadequate;

. Sources for course and fine aggregates and ctalr maierials will be explored. It is highlyIikely to get the materials within chure rangd near amlekhgunj area located around 40 km

Terms of ReferenceSanitary Landflll Development for Birgunj Municipality

north of Birgunj. Reinforcement and structural steel will be

inadeq uate.

2.9.4 Major Construction Equipments

imported from lndia if local supply is

Some construction equipments envisaged for use during construction and operation phase

will include mixer machines, loader, excavator, grader, vibratory roller, plate compactor,tipper trucks, bitumen distributor, biturnen boiler, asphalt paver, water tanker etc.

2.9.5 Human Resources

The maximum numbers of workers required for the proposed project during the peak periodof construction is estimated to be approximately 150 in numbers. Local people will be givenpriority for employment as per their skill, experience and qualification in the project duringthe construction phase. Similarly, around 20-25 perrnanent jobs will be created during theoperation phase of the project.

2.9.6 ConstructionMethod

The major components of works related to the project will require preipost qualification ofcontractors in order to execute project works under probably two separate package namely:i) Civil works of Sanitary landfill and ii) Supply and installation of equipment and plant. Theconstruction will involve both machine and manpower.

III

IIIIIIIIIttIIItItI

1'i

:_I--

-,ii\KIi\,

\:,

tIIIIII

Terms of ReferenceSanitary Landfill Development for Birgur:. 1.,-_ : :: -

3 SAJI=I[FE:'' J![.,.,t:,.,I:=:i;*rroN oF rHE REpoRr, AND

The ErA wiil be conducted in acsc-::-:e -",:- :-= requirements of the EpR 1gg7. The[:,ffjiJ:nlj;..].,,ouJri,,u'ioii.,,, _; :=: :_: s-= :e adopteo to.lrprute the ErA and its

3.1 Required Data and tnformationThe following information shall be c:lrec:ec c: described in reration to physicar, biorogicar,soclo-economic and cutturai enuironm3ni ci the subproject ;; 'tie

oata of the coresubproject area

3r oirect-i'p,.i Z,oae i,i"l u. =i:i"specific. DetaireJ Jocumentation sha,

focus on those .aspects like)y to bu .h;;;.J rir"rgl project imprementation and shalr;;Jilffi"i"Xinot oe,imii"o'i" ,,nJiorrov*nj o-iiii."r-f Lrogi.jL .o.iJ_e,conomic and cutrural

3'f .1 Physical and Chemical Environment :-:1 u,,.t,i*":i ;1ffi:;\ni' climate Data - temperature, rainfall and humidity of the subproj""t

"rjfr1,,J:,,'.id$1;"i': f,"J*:: i:J[1,:,;:jlii:o'il".i,TJ::''o' r;; :::;l^. ,,' Hydrotogicalano seo-hyjrliosicat oata; "oti'#$S-:,' Geographic.ar, cg;rog;c;rg;iechnical data of the subproject area;

. iqig;l31xi,fl::H:i;,;."r vorume, ifi;,;;i,,e to be ,,"Jloi construction,' :#ffi:#il:i;:,1fl"[:[;;ta river) and ground water quarity - physicar, chemicar. water qrlrity ;;;;;;;;i"-diu",.[y.

3.1.2 Biotogical Environment

The subproject area does not fall in any restricted areas, praces of curturar, historical andarcheological imoorta'""1'onr,i"ntr, .on"ervation ,rur., wiro tite nalilriat pa.ks, and any:[',1,51"?B',y["Ji,'Xtr#ii.[i,,f::

ru:igl'"il,"j;:il].,:"# activities rn! "il"iiFIora

clearance of minor vegetation and their type within the subproject area.Wildtite

Mammals and birds in the subproject area.

3.1.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

,':y:ffi ijHff{ ;i?; Jy|"f ;ili};i::5; I g,;,E

I f :ilT; I;;3;:. D ire ct i m p a cr a re a (wa rd

Socla/ Feafgres

- fffffl:15ii:i::,T,""',::t"liil:lrdistribution, gender composition, migration pattern,. Religion and festivals,

-r 's vLLr I

. Education and skill ievel

i-

Secondarym

Tern:s ci R.=:e:enceSanitarlr LanCiJl Dev_elopmeqt lor Birgunj Municipality

. Public health and sanitation conditions;

. Gender. women, children, the elderly, poor and eihnic minorities;

. Community infrastructures and services in the subproject areas;

. Local institutions and activities;

. Cropping pattern, practices and production

. Other development activities;

. Livestock raising;.. Crop loss.. Settlements. Employment. Irrigation

Economic Features

\-

. Local price information; land, and agriculture products, etc;

. Economy. occupation / employment, agriculture and livestock production, trade andcommerce;

. Land ownership; list of landowners likely to be affected by land acquisition andresettlement;

. Income and expenditure of Project Affected Families (PAFs);

. Existing and planned development activities;

Cultural Features

Places of Cultural lmportance - historic, religious or cultural, and archeologicalimportance sites in the project;

. Attitude of the local people to the development and to this project; and

. Cultural practices of the area.

3.2 Data Collection Procedures / Methods

Literature review, field survey (observation, inventory, household survey and key informantsurvey) and stakeholders meetings shall be used to collect data and information. Themethodologies to be applied for the EIA shall be clear hnd specific for physical, biological,socio-economic and cultural environment. These rnethods are discussed below:

3.2.1 Desk Study and Literature Review

Available secondary information and literatures in the form of reporls and maps will becollected and reviewed during the study. Some of the pertinent literatures to be reviewedduring the study period includes;

. PPTA reports;

. lnception and design criteria report;

. Concept plan, preliminary plan, design, drawings etc. of the proposed project;

. District and VDC profile;

. Census data, 2001 published by Central Bureau of Statistics, GON;

. Topographical and land use maps of the area;

. EIA reports of similar projects.

Other required data and information will be collected from the Topographic SurveyDepartment, Department of Forest and Soil Conservation, Agricultural Development Office,Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), concerned District Development Committee (DDC),

IIIIIScaonrlant Tntatnc Itrhan trn,,;" nmanI Imnrarro,nanl Drniant

=i-ms of Reference

Il

lt

S enitary Landfill Development for Bir

'.4unicipality and Village Developnie:: ::__:_:3encies.'

the EPR

librarie-:

s and other concerned

3.2.2 Fietd Study

;:lif:n'LTli": i:::l,l:1":l,.ll?:n,:"_ s::;:-:::-.- -re'dic,rt,,."r environments win bef l[:?i:*or^1"-,t:""::l:,":",t.;ili; ,;=- ;:J; ,-,#'X;11H:1,::':f H?it:,.yjiJ:;:5"Tffj1",,"0,i::s,"1*::":::" ::- :i,;1_ =;=.=;.ff H:ni#"ffil x'"'"r".133'",:vqrqrJcrDE lut lr:Fa::accommodate issues as contained, inter alia ir=rA

Guidlril;;;ail W::?J."il::':;il2.ru;=;: :;?1,"=,#:il*"1lil,:: fll,it*I.l:::,cther ir.ru. ,. .rri#!o'ffi:'#i;;:??t,[:'L;S i. the Municipatities or Nepar, iooi,ItT

lr

lr

Direct observatiol by the expert and field rneasurement methods will be employed forgenerating the physical database including -.=ting. and interviews with knowledgeablepersons of the local areas. Most of the piv.i.rr .iuironrunt data will be compiled fromconcept design of sanitary randfiil site at rtiyahi and Bishrampur vDC.similarly' for biological database, vegetation surveys within llrg n19i""1 site (though fewer)shall be conducted ano ptants rpf"i"; in the impaci area shalt be identified. The loss of fewplants will be surueyed and estimafled. The fauna in trre area shall be identified through fieldobservations andliscussions-sffire of river watei and ground water will be collected forlaboratory analysis.

Required data and information on prevailing socio-economic conditions, quality of life, valuesand infrastructures will be cottecieJ thro;gn oo."*riion by experts, questionnaire tools,focus group discussions, starenotJers meeting, ,nJ household surveys. Besides, keyinformants survey will also u" crrtruo oyl.lo gather pertinent information oh socio-economicand cultural practices, education and skilr aii;.;i L;;i, use of community resources andfacilities' problems and major i..r"., expected impacts:and. possible mitigation measures,local perception on trre propotJJ' pro.;""t ut.. -iniormation

on land acquisition andcompensation issues will be collected.'^ll'?qlrr.y,"thl' socio-economic conditions will be:;:i:?t',iiJ:;:l,H#,ffi1 ,lffi

;; PRA, vDCruJla i","r m""iinJ= w;il k;y stakehorders,

ln addition, application .of accepted tools of impact assessment bysuggestions and knowredge of the rocar peopre wiil arso be taken intoirnpact evaluation, recommLnding mitigation and monitoring tne prans.

3.2.3 PublicConsuttation

Meetings and discussions wiil be herd with the concerned peopreild communities, the stakehotder. ,, weil as the locar rinecomments regarding the imprementation of the pioporlo project.

3.2.4 Analysis of Data

The data and information gathered from the field work wiil be compiled and analyzed toestablish the relations betwJen the environmentat impacts ano their mitiQation measures. onthe basis of data analyses, conclusions will be drawn on the resolution of environmentallssues and enhancement of the environment of ine'subproject area. Field data shall becompiled and cross checked for errors and discrepancies, if any, All the data shall becompiled into a computerized database system.

3.2.5 Public Hearing

matrix method,consideration for

and the affected familiesagencies to solicit their

Secondarv T6*n

:,

I

I,

IIIIIIIIII1IIIIIII:

I

.\'.\-

\

,8.

1i

,\\-ftLru'

rtL}l"

I

I

Tern:s :i i=fe'eiceSanitar-,2 La:c:.1 Development for Birgunj Municipality

Public hearing program will be conducted at the appropriate location in the subproject areato inform the Iccal coinmunities and the stakeholders about the proposed project and togather their cpinions, comments and suggestions. A noiice for the public hearing shall bepublished in a national daily newspaper. The notice of the public hearing will be given inadvance to the locai people through the concerned Municipality, VDCs, and other concernedagencies. An Executive Summary of the draft EIA report in Nepali language will be preparedand distributed to the participants.

fhe public hearing program will mainly focus on the findings of the draft ElA, provideinformation and the awareness about the project plans and programs, building up of mutualconsensus on the implementation of the project, identification of key issues andconsideration of these issues in the EIA report and in the project design. Public views,opinions and relevant issues raised in the program will be recorded.

3.2.6 Public Notice

At the final stage of EIA Study, a public notice of 30 days duration will be given in a nationaldaily newspaper by MoSTE requesting individual or institutional stakeholders to provide theircomments on the EIA report. Copies of the EIA report will be displayed at the project sites aswell as different public places including some relevant libraries.

3.2.7 Consultation with Concerned Agencies

The following organizations will be consulted during the preparation of the EIA:

Central Level Agencies

Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE); Ministry of Urban Development(MoUD); Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC); and otherrelevant Government Departments.

District Level Agencies

District Development Committee, District Survey Office, District Land Revenue Office,District Agriculture Development Office, District Soil Conservation Office, District HealthOffice, and other concerned district level agencies.

.,Lo cal Level Organizatio ns

Birgunj Sub-motropolitan City, VDCs, Schools, health posts, non-governmentalorganizations (NGOs), and other related organizations.

3.3 tmpact Matrix

An impact matrix shall be developed and used to identify project impacts on physical,biological, socio-economic and cultural resources of the subproject area during theconstruction and operation phases of the project. Based on the information and assessmentof the studies, project induced beneficial and adverse environmental impacts shall beidentified. The impacts shall further be classified as shor/ term, medium term and long termin terms of DURATION; /our, high and medium in terms of MAGNITUDE and; site specific,local and regional in terms of EXTENT. The impacts shall also be categorized for theconstruction and operation phases.

*,ir:r.' l -!\ . \

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\i \"î,-ij]. :Y{

... ,l: ;, iiSecondarv Towns IJrban Environmenl lmnrovement Proiecl

FrrrIIII

Terms of ReferenceSanitary Landfill Development for Bi

4.5 Convention

a

a

5ll::l; sub-metroporitan cityXli?g9 Devetopment CommiiteefJs jlct Administi-ation Officeutstnct Development Committee

POI-ICIES, LAWS, RULES A CD P,'IAN UALS TO BE TAKEN INTOACCOUNT WHILE PREPARIT,,IG TiiE REPORTThe following policies, laws, acts :_ =. ^ ^ , _ , treviewedwhi-le'unde.trr.ing'Er,irirar-=: =-= -?--z= lguide / guidelines etc. shall be

4.1 plan, policies and Strategies

. lnterim Constitution of Necai 2^:: :^^-. Three years lnterim plan - L' -. Environmental policy and pian. Other relevant policies

4.2 Laws

a

a

a

a

o

a

a

a

a

a

a

::Jj::::::l:l :.l".tion Act 20s3 (1se6)

::#?lT1t3,l l_ltection R u ie s -

;, ; ;"ri6!n, t.;J3, gff rS

#: [T;I1,j,]t;111;H,, 7 . *, ru res e n do rs e d d u ri n s E,A st u dyI::, fil g:y",1"1.? nct, zo# rr s6grllnd tcquisition Act,2034 (tezi;Ioyn Devetopment Act, tggZ-eiqq3:l,rsy:,::..? :::.ationl;i ii'u n r nrrrPublic Road Act, 1924The Labour Act, 204gOther relevant LawsPlant protection Act

Guidelines and Manuals

National EIA Guidelines, 2050 (1993)

fifr[sffJJ?t[Hit"#*i"rtffi'tr s, 1ee7 and the ErA poricy Document ror rhe

vvaste water management guideline.

lnstitutions

t

4.3

a

a

4.4

,ffi#il[,,3 ll fi:*nent science and rechnorosy\lll,:,* of Urban Devetopment

l::. n,"":t or Ur[-n' ;.#"ffi ;

" nt a nd B uildin g constructio n

idir,.xislJ?,"#5jionr, rrade for Endansered species (crrES) of wird Fauna

;,,".::JH: Xi i.;J5;;:"f;.2 jrl:ffi z oso (1 ss2)

Local lnstitutions

f;eioiafu

-Ter-r:s of ReferenceSanitary i.-andflll Development for Birgunj Municipality

5. PREPARATION OF THE REPORT

5.1 Time

The EIA study for the proposed project will be completed within 6 months upon obtainingapproval for scoping and ToR. The time schedule with various tasks is shown in Table 5.1.

5.2 Estimated Budget

As IEE/EIA is parl of DSC ToR, the budget for the study team is included in DSC Contract.

5.3 Necessary Experts

The following experts / specialist will be involved in the EIA:

. Environmentalspecialist

. Solid Waste Management Exped

. Ecologist / Botanist / Zoologist

. Sociologist / Socio-economist

. Hydrologist / Hydro-geologist

. Engineering Geologist / Geotechnical Engineer

--1j1 . ":l

.:,, ' ',;i

!)*,.." ,t', ,..

'rri,

.1".

. Roads Specialist

To assist the EIA team, enumerators, surveyors shall be involved as per the requirement.

Table 5.1: Environmental lmpact Assessment Schedule

:1:

!l

\-

1{tl|-

-z

D.

No.Activities

Schedule in Months2 3 4 5 6

1 I 31 4 11 21 31 4 2 J 4 1 2 a 4 1 2 4 1 2 J 41 Literature Collection and

Review2 Field Visit, Data

Collection, Analysis,Prediction & Evaluation

J Preparation ofEnvironmentalManaqement Plan

i Preparation of Draft EIAReoort

+sr

i#$:;$-u

i.t]1:H

q Preparation,lmplementation ofPublic Hearing Program& Collection ofMunicipality / VDCRecommendation

ti:g-l-;P.:Jtr1rH1nrr:lrltCtull

ffiJ;sIit

Atl'#

6 Draft Final EIA ReportSubmission _i

iri:

7 EIA Report Approvaland Finalization "1!:lrl

Iiili=}rl#

Scrnndant Tmtrn< I lrhan Fnrirnnmanl lmnr.:'tamant Prniacl

-e'ms of Reference: =:itary Landfill Development for Birgun l..__ :: :.

6. SCOPE DETERMINED FOR:

ne scope determined for the prepa,a:

6.1 Scope of EIA

Tt'rE D?EDARATTON OF THE REPORT^- - j -_: -:_ - _ _-_ ^_ ! tt. = -__.a.=aSfollows:

:e environmental issues of the D.r:^<=_ ^^^:, L

i::lYfi=; :'.ix' lxsi kl ll fl *iJ :, : i : .=,-# i i,? "'H# : ::i J;;"' f i##:l

.entioned berow. ---- "''"'r rv o"gv **= .- c =rentation of the proposeo prolect are

6.1.1 priority lssues

. soil erosion;" Spoil disposal;. Acquisition of land if any;. Air, Water and Noise potlution. Bad Smell. Local Employment; and. CommunityDevelopment.

6.1.2 lssues Raised by Stakeholders

The issues raised by the stakeholders of theare presented in table 6.1 below: -

Table,6.1: lnput from the Stakehotders

: ' "li

; ,- rr-'.1'".

!:al:::ir.i!'

l1

subproject areas during the scoping process

S. No.

1

Z

:

tII

I

!

Person/lnJEtution &

Shom pEsadEhaurashryaNagawa-1g, parsa Employment op

ghoge tano has been acquiredj as pl-r their skiil.Bihaya DodotPlU, MuniciJalit

Health "rr" .unt

ChaurashiyaAuditor, Nagawa _ 1g,Parsa

BishwanathFEiad . P:ruproject@' ,[ln,r,sument of health

"rr" *nt"iin tI-". Construction of new bridqe overPromod Jha

Vehicle Denter/painterDemand fo=

Bishrampur - gRamaoharF. pIi

Employmer,to be implemented.Devtal p.T;ahav

Bishrampur - 7The fertilizei p,ro

cted villaqes..Anarjeet K.Yadha-t Demand ro=

L<adhi p. Chaurashr

Nagiwa - 19 lDemandtora@Madan p. TulaNagawa - 1g

An undergro,lhe newty proposed Caiat noal.

-- -'Mahabir p. KaruBishrampur - 6

Demand for a n

Secondarv r;;; u;t .-

Terms of Reference

t,li

6.2IssuesPrioritizedandConsideredfortheElA

The Proponent shall prepare the EIA report consideling but not limited. to the following

priority issues which are also included in the Scoping Report' The EIA study will assess the

issues during prolect construction and operation stages.and propose appropriate pragmatic

mitigation measures. However, the survey shall not-Le limited to the one mentioned below'

and any further issues identified durinj the course of the study shall be covered in detail'

-.; {1. ..

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t-+:.* ', ti'1(j i'l \ rI tr\ /i\-rl'/' --,4{{\5'\, qDlo<lq-

. Land stability and soil erosion;

. Air quality, water quality (ground and surface) and noise level;

. Operation of quarry and borrow pits,

. Drainage alteration anO associaied erosion; Demand for a new Bridge over Singaha

river and an underground d;;;";long'proposed Canal road' (/ssue raised by

locals). Leakage of oil, grease and other materials;. Solid wastes disposalgenerated by the construction workers'

. River pollution and scattering of waste by rodents and birds.

(ii) Operation Phase

. Land stability and soil erosion;o Surface waier hydrology; Demand for: a new Bridge over Singaha river and an

underground dr.ainage along proposed canal road. r/ssue raised by locals)

Sanitary Landfill DeveloPment for B njM

6.2.1 Adverse Issues

6.2.1.1 Physicat and Chemical Environment

(i) Construction Phase

. LandscaPedisturbance;

. Air quality;

. Leachate generation and

o Noise and vibration;

risk on water quality (ground and surface water);

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. Bad smell; Demand for a closed vehicle for transfer of waste'

. Gas generation, emission and dispersion;

o Availability of cover materials;.Humanhealthassociatedwithenvironmentalpollution.. lmpact of environment on the project'

.Riverpollutionandscatteringofwastebyrodentsandbirds.

. Fire Hazard and access road pollution'

6.2.1.2 Biol ogical Environment

(i) Construction Phase

(/ssue raised bY locals)

. Clearing of vegetation


. Bird hazard: scattering solid waste (bones, infectious materials etc') by birds in the

su rrounding settlements.. Aquatic life - water Pollution

6.2.1.3 Socio-eco nomic and Cultural Environment

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-=

-::ms of Referencerpment for Birqun: i,l-- :::: -

i) Construction phase

. Loss of farm land, other categ.--, :.. lssues on public/private utilir=s =-:and well managed cemetery: 1',s-r_:. lncrease in health and sanitation --.r

cf site clearance;Demand for a peripheral road

' Occupational health and safe:.,' H:e '.' .e'. :=r:er for labour and their children.(issue raised by locals)

' Conflict between local communii.;',',::-:=-s e:. cutside construction workers;. lncrease in bad habit due to sudcen :as- ic,.,,.' Employment for locals specifically prcje ,r a:ected families. (/ssue raised by locats)


. Public health, Health and sanitation risk:' Risk of dis.turbance by local peopre in rransportation of waste;' Risk of nuisance to neighbors due to iack or inadequate supply of water";' occupational health and safety. Health care center for workers and neighborhood.(/ssue raised by tocals)

' Employment for locals specifically project affected families. (/ssue raised by locals)' Rodents development/attraction and impact on agro productivity.. Aesthetic values, foul/bad odour.' study on site recovery upon saturation of Landfiil site capacity. Ep ;r',il_i:fu

lit ':r::i.,, \ri:l -.);,1iir6.2.2 Beneficiat tssues Arf_tj. i;,

(i) Construction Stage i,73',r':.:-_ Eri"=-ir-,,.;.'r,'F+,'ir- f,n"ier.rf'

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' Employment opportunities to local people; (/ssue raised by locals) "nt'q

fillir'd,. Enhancement in technical skills and know_how;' lncrease in local economy .u.n ,, business, rental of houses and its impact on localeconomy and;' Increased mobility through improved project access and internal road. (/ssue raisedby tocals)

' Demand for a well managed cemetery. (/ssue raised by the locals)' Projects contribution to the local school.'(/ssue raised by locals)

(ii) Operation Stage

' Employment generation to rocar peopre. (/ssue raised by tocars)' Developed infrastructure for the disposal of solid waste in sanitary landfill will reduceenvironmental risk associated with health hazard.' lmproved environment, health and hygiene of the people reducing the risk of adverseenvironmental impacts associateo wittr improved solid waste rnr,i"t"r"nt system.' Locals demand fertilizer in a cheaper rate from the project for the a#ecteo villages. (/ssueraised by locals)

EIA study shall discuss about evaluation of theevaluation and prediction.

Secondarv Towns I l* p- =-

residual issues and their method of identification,

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Terms of ReferenceSanitary Landfill Development for Birgunj Municipality

7. IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THEPROJECT

The proponent shall identify and evaluate each project impact on the environment during theconstruction and operation phases. Each impact shall be evaluated as per the National EIAGuidelines, 1993 or the other standard methods, and shall be documented in the EIA report.The nature of impacts, such as direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse, reversible orirreversible, and their magnitude shall be identified in the ElA. The EIA shall assess impactcategorized under Magnitude (high, medium, low), Extent (siie specific, local and regional)and Duration (short term, medium term, & long term) using appropriate criteria anddefinitions

The proponent shall also consider the cumulative impacts that might arise due toimplementation of the project. A matrix including identified impacts shall be prepared bycategorizing impacts in terms of physical, biological, socio-economic and culturalenvironment for all the project phases. The identification and assessment of impacts andsignificance analysis shall be conducted based on the professional judgment, National EIAGuideline '1993 etc.

.."nif:ft1,The environmentar domrnates are risted below: ;p j,,,.(5:):l:;1

) :,,, ,. ;_ ,,i.i j.. Socio-economic and Cultural; ?: ..r" .!:-7,t. j,.

. Physical and Chemical; '-i,.t'::;-,' i-'r-;.{' ..'.'. Biotogicat. .';i|Jl :_j^).:.r j, i,ttC_,

8. OTHER ALTERNATIVES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSAL

The study shall document no action alternative and other possible alternatives of the project.ln general, the following alternatives shall be considered:

. Design and Layout Planning

. Technology and Procedure of Operation

. Time Schedule and Raw Materials to be Used

. Do Nothing Alternative

9. MEASURES TO REMOVE ANY NEGATIVE IMPACT THAT MAY BE NOTICEDWHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROPOSAL

ln order to avoid and or minimize adverse environmental impacts, cost effective and locallyimplementable mitigation measures will be included in the EIA Report. The EIA Report willalso include cornpensatory, corrective and preventive measures as applicable. The reportnray also include augmentation measures to provide additional benefits rather than moremitigation of impacts. Furthermore, mitigation measures should be included for design,construction and operational stages, particularly to address physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural impacts as applicable. Mitigation measures will be included as a partof the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). These measures will be clearly set out inthe EIA and the Contract Documents. EMP wili specifically include:

. Environrnental management action plan (EMAP)r fl matrix showing the identified impact and corresponding mitigation measure. Estimated cost for mitigation. Monitoring and evaluation

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Terms of ReferenceSanitary Landfill Development icr E

. Description of monitoring eJ=-::

The EMP shall be prepared in malrr, ':-- e:l srall be develop-ed for the following phases.t ;-z;.:: ...;i,,. Construction Phase; and . '. ",: , it

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. Operational Phase

The EIA shall propose organizations arcmltigation programs.

Summary of Cost Benefit assessment shall be given which shall include the followings:

. Cost for Environmental Mitigation Measures

. Cost for Enhancement Measures,

. Cost for Other Social Support Programs and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),

. Cost for Environmental Monitoring,

. Total Project Cost; and Total Project Benefit, and

. Percentage of total Environmental Cost to the Total Project Cost.

10. PARTTCULARS OF THE COSTTAND RETURNS OF THE PROPOSAL

The Proponent shall include cost for benefits augmentation and adverse impacts mitigationmeasures to the extent possible in the EIA report.

11. MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE TMPLEMENTING THE PROPOSAL

Important monitoring parameters, schedule of monitoring and responsible agencies formonitoring for both construction and operational stages will be identified, included and welldocumented in the EIA report. Estimated cost foi environmental monitoring should beincluded in the main reporl. Three basic types of monitoring discussed below will beincluded. lndicators specifying these monitoring types along with the schedule of moniloringwill be given.

. Baseline monitoring : includes parameters which indicate the changes in the baselineenvironmental condition during the project construction, after the project completion orduring operation and maintenance of the project

. lmpact monitoring : includes parameters indicating the changes occurring due to theimplementation of project

. Compliance monitoring: this employs periodic sarnpling or continuous recording ofspecific environmental quality indicators or pollution levels to ensure project compliancewith recommended environmental protection standards.

11.1 EnvironmentalAuditing

Environmental Auditing is an integral part of EPR, 1997, and is mentioned in its Chapter2,Item 14. It obliges Ministry of Environment to conduct environmental auditing two years afterthe project is completed. During the study, an auditing plan should be prepared to assessthe effectiveness of implemented mitigation measures. Furthermore, the type of auditing,auditing indicators, method of auditing and cost for conducting the audit shall also beincluded in the EIA Report.

l-errns cf S.elerenceSaniiai'y i.-andilil Development for Birgunj M

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12. RELEVANT INFORMATION, REFERENCE LISTS, ANNEXES, MAPS'

PHOTOGRAPHS, TABLES NNO CUARTS, GRAPHS AND QUESTIONNAIRES TO

BEMoNIToREDATTHETIMEoFPREPARINGTHEREPoRT

The proponent shall complywith all the requirements as mentioned in the EPR 1997 before

submitting the EIA report for necessary approval. The EIA report shall adequately cover the

aspects iicluded in this TOR and mentioned in Schedule 6 of EPR 1997'

The conclusions of the EIA shall be drawn up and presented in a separate chapter. The

recommendation of the study shall be clearly presented in the report'

The reporl shall include proof of public hearing and recommendations of the concerned

Municipality and VDCs. li shall include relevant information, references, annexes, maps'

phoios, tables, charts, graphs and questionnaires, as applicable' A map showing the project

Iayout shall also Ue irictuaed in it. Furlhermore, references shall be given in the frame

mentioned in item 13 0f the schedule 6 0f the EPR. A clear linkage on baseline information'

impacts, environmental protection meaSures, monitoring and auditing plans shall be-

maintained in the EIA report. The proponent shall also annex the approved Terms of

Reference in the report.

13. REPORTING

The proponent shall submit fifteen (15) copies of the final EIA Report to the Ministry of

Urban Development (nloUO) as per Rule 10 of EPR and forfinal approval from the Ministry

of Science, Technology and'Environment (MoSTE) as per Rule 11 of EPR'

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-::ms of ReferenceS:nitary Landfill Development for Birgun

REFEREfTOES

District Development Profile of lres: Z-:tPPTA Reporl.lnception Report, Design Criieria P,=:cn a-: C::r:epi plan of the project.Nepal Development lnformatror: rirDl . 2::5 Nepal District profile, 2006,Kathmandu, Nepal.Central Bureau of Statistics (CBSr Ju:ie 2!!i. Population Census-2001, NationalReport, Kathmandu, Nepal.Central Bureau of Statistlcs (CBSI Nov 200'1, Population of Nepal, PopulationCensus-2OO1, Village Development Cornmiitee / Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal.District & VDC Profile of Nepal published in 2013 by lntensive Study and ResearchCentre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Village Development Committee ProfileStudy & Research Centre.

of Nepal published in 2010 by lntensive

9. Uprety 8.K., Environmental lmpact Assessment: Process and Practice , Kathmandu,Nepal.

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Proiect Fhotos

: '!l$'J,W._tiPublic Consultation at Shree NepalRastrryaMadhyamik Vidhyalaya, Nagawa-19, parsa on

Public Consultation Briefing

September 18, 2012 (0210612

Solid wastes on streets in a residential areas atRanighat, Birgunj

AruNEX {E-tst off Stttdy Tearm Mermbers

-:--s of Reference

List of SD/ToR Studv Team Members

Name/Position in SDffoRTeam

Study QualificationArea(s) of study in

EIA

'-l:. Nagendra Jha / Team Leader:SC-STIUEIP-Birgunj

fu1.E. C,'ri. Fr:gineering /Sani'iat;cnaL f 'r.-rl ;4^!na3rrnn

I

Overall Design andSupervision TeamLeader

'.1:. Sarad Raj Shrestha /=nvironmental Specialist (ElA Study

=am Leader)

M.Sc. in EnvironmentalEngineeringB.Sc. Civil Enqineerinq

SD/ToR ReportPreparation

'.ir. Ricardo Mate Miranda / Solid.'/aste Management Specialistnternational)

B.Sc. CE, B.Sc. SE, MSc. PublicHealth

Engineering Design ofSanitary Landfill Site

'.1r. Ramesh Kaji Tuladhar / Solid,',/aste Enoineer

M.Sc. in Civil Engineering Engineering Design ofSanitary Landfill Site

1.1r. Uttam Kumar Bajracharya /Social Development Specialist

M.A. Political Science (SocialScience)

Socio-econornic andCultural Environment

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ANNEX 2

Checklist for Collection of BaselineEnvironment

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1. Checklist for Topography r Fhysioqr-ap:ry

2. Checklist for River Hydrology i Drainage Pattern

S.No. Name of the River Location Drainaoe

3. Checklist for Ground / Spring Water Uses

4. Checklist for River Water Uses

TonognaphuicFeatul re

Verification of Topog raphicFeature in the Field

Location Ground Water Uses Sprinq Water Uses

Drinking /DomesticUse

lrrigation Others Drinking /DomesticUse

lrrigation Others

Name ofRiver

Upstream Downstream

lrrigation Drinking /Domestic

Use

Others lrrigation Drinking /Domestic

Use

Others

Water Use Conflicts:

;

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I5. Checklist for Erosion and Land Stability

S.No. Location Extent Erosion Unstable Land Remarks

6. Checklist for Landslides

7 " Checklist for Land Use

8. Checklist for Historical, Cultural and Religious Shrines

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S.No. Location Tvpe Extent No. of Landslides

S.No. Forest Aqriculture Cultivated Grassland Barren Others

No Name of Shrines /Temples

ReligiousSiqnificance

VDG / Ward No /Villaqes

Distance fromProiect Site

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No Cremation Ghat Historic / TouristSignificance in the

area

Name VDC i Ward I'.,larme of -ECrvation day ofNo / Village the Festlval the Festival

9. Checklist for Religious and Spfrr,ituail Traditions

10. checklist for water euality Analysis - Ground and surface water

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Parameters Unit Ground Waterl;rbtTuEewetl

Surface Water (Singaha River)U/S of landfill D/S of landfillPhysical

P-

Colour TCUTurbidity NTUConductivity M mhos/cmSuspended Solids Mg/lDissolved Solids Ms/lChemicalMagnesium Hardness Ms/lCalcium Hardness Mg/lTotalAlkalinity Mg/lChloride Mg/lSilica Mg/lSiO2lron Mg/lManganese Mg/lCalcium Mg/lMagnesium Mg/lSulphate Mg/lNitrite Mg/las NNitrate Mg/l as N

Arsenic Mg/lLead Mg/lCadmium Mg/lCopper Mg/lZinc Mg/lSodium Mg/lPotassium Ms/lNickel Mg/lChromium MgilMercury Mg/lDissolved Oxygen Mq/l

ruar \rxygen ueman0 Mg/l i.,dru)Total Coliform, Cfu,'100 ml(MPN lndex/l00m1) il [:M

*,'.{''s

11. Checklist for Noise Level Measurement

SN Location ActivitY Noise Level in dBA Remarks

Note. dBA = Decibel unit of Sound pressure level

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13. Checklist for Flora of the project Area

SN Ward No, Detail of Vegetation Girth (m) Approx. Height

S.No. Scientific Name LocalName

ObservationSite

Family Type

1ffiFSk ",-"-;.C

14. Checklist for Mammals of the Project Area

Checklist for Reptiles and Amphibians of the Project Area

checklist for Birds and Butterfly in the Project Area

15.

16.

Conservation StatusS.N. Local Name Common

NameScientific

NameCITES

Appendix

IUCN

Red List

GoN

Conservation StatusS.N. Local Name Common

NameScientific

NameCITES

Appendix

IUCN

Red List

GoN

Scientific NameName ofBird/ButterflY

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17. checklist for lndustries/sefilennents in the project Area

No Name of Location: VDC / Ward No /lndustry/Settlements Village etc.Distance from Project

Site

ffiANNEX 3

Focus Group Discussion

SECONDARY TOWNS I NTEGRF.;=: - e 5A\ EVr'=.CNsiENT I MPROVEMENT PROJ ECTis: -E :

BIRGU}IJ SUE..II[=TROPO:-ITAN CITYSanitary Landfill for lncicve€ Ssiid T/asie Management

PUBLlC CONSULTATIS}i -AND iOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS

Attendance Sheet

Venue: ...L.q.*dl:.,1..5,.1"...., ii,i.. ^ - .a..4 F:A:.?:.{y.:...1....$.t1*"aate: .. .?.179 1 F I t 3. .....N.l"'.*e- 2 -<, 2c t j

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SECONDARY TCWNS INTEGRATED URBAN ENVIRONMENT IMPROVEMENTPROJECT (STIUEIP)

BIRGUNJ SUB.METROPOLITAN CIry

Sanitary Landfill for lmproved Solid Waste Management

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND FOGUS GROUP DISCUS

lssues Raised

Venue: Landfill Site, ltiyahi 7 and Bishrampur 9, Bara

Date: 2070181 13 (Novemb er 28, 2013)

S.No. lssues / Comments fromthe Participants

Joint recommendations by the Participants and DSCConsultant

1 The local people should begiven opportunity foremployment.

Provision has been made in the project to give priority tothe local people for employment to the extent possibledepeding upon their skill and capacity.

2. Priority be given foremployment to the localpeople.

Provision has been made in the project to give priority tothe local people for employment to the extent possibledepeding upon their skill and capacity.

J. There should be propermanagement intransporation of solidwaste so that spread ofodour and smell could beminimized.

. Allthe vehicles carrying solid waste will be properlycovered.

. Every day's solid waste will be collected immediately,separated, laid, spread, covered by soil andcompacted in the landfill cells.

. Buffer zone will be developed all around the landfillsite with tree plantation for attenuation of odour andsmell.

4. . Collection and disposalof solid waste shouldbe done properly.

. The solid wastemanagement should bedone as such that thereis minimum chance ofspread of disease.

. The existing earthenroad should beupgraded to sealedsurface.

. The project's solid waste management provisionsproper collection and disposal of waste in the sanitarylandfill in the engineered manner.

. The sanitary landfill includes engineeringmanagement of solid waste giving due regards inminimization of spread of disease.

. The design drawing includes provision for upgradingof existing earthen road to sealed surface.

5. . Littering of solid wasteshould be avoidedwhile transportation

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ISEcoNDARY TowNS INTEGRiTaD - =.!r \ -r*{uipcNMENT TMpROyEMENT p RoJEcr

BIRG UNJ SU3+{ =TROPCi.JTAN CITY

Sanitary Landfill for ii-rproved Solid Waste Management

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venue: I.:gv6.f:V.*t- rif:V.(*rsl c ii - :n, N.:lt-*-Date: . k..7:t.1"-.8..1.1.L . Nr -+u 2t , 2,. i3

Aitendance Sheet

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SECON DARY TCWNS I NTEGRATED URBAN ENVI RONMENT IMPROVEMENTPROJECT (STTUETP)

BIRGUNJ SUB-METROPOLITAN CITY

Sanitary Landfill for lmproved Solid Waste Management

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS

lssues Raised

Venue. Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City 19, Nagwa Ward Office, Parsa

Date: 207018113 (Novemb er 28, 2013)

S.No. lssues / Comments fromthe Participants

Joint recommendations by the Participants andDSC Consultant

1 The project should minimizeodour and smell.

. All the vehicles carrying solid waste will be properlycovered.

. Every day's solid waste will be collectedimmediately, separated, laid, spread, covered bysoil and compacted in the landfill cells.

. Buffer zone will be developed all around the landfillsite with tree plantation for attenuation of odour andsmell.

2. Priority be given foremployment to the localpeople.

Provision has been made in the project to give priorityto the local people for employment to the extentpossible depeding upon their skill and capacity.

4. Minimization of accidents andmedical treatment to workers.

. ln order to minimize the unwanted accidents andpossible effect of dust and gaseous emission toconstruction workers, the project will ensureadequate safety measures such as provision ofhelmets, masks, air plugs, road signs, warningsignals and fire extrnguishers etc.

. The construction site will have a provision of healthclinic along with necessary medicines forimmediate treatment in case of anv accidents.

5. Presently a security guardnamely Mr. Mahendra RautKurmi is employed for thesecurity of proposed landfillsite. He should be givencontinuity during Project'simplementation.

Provision has been made in the project to give priorityto the local people for employment to the extentpossible depeding upon their skill and capacity.

6. The project should beimplemented as soon aspossible.

The project is in its final shape for tendering. lt will beimplemented as soon as tendering and evaluationprocess is over.

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Hearing MeetingI (Public Notice and Muchulka of the Public Notice)

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ANNEX 4

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Public Deed of Enquiry PublicHearing Meeting

(Public Notice and Muchulka of the Public Notice)

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isanrple Letter for Pasting of Public Notice)

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PUBLIC HEARING DELIBERATION

PROGRAM

Project: Secondary Towns Integrated U;'ban Environment lmprovement Project

Date: Paush 06, 2070, Saturday (December 21,2013)

Venue: Shree Nepal Rastriya MadhyamikVldhyalaya, Nagawa-19, Birgunj, Parsa

Time: 11.00 am

Chairman of the Session: Mr. Mohammad Sarif, Senior Citizen of Nagwa 19, BirgunjSub-Metropolitan City, Parsa

Chief Guest: Mr. Bijaya Dongol, Acting Executive Officer, Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City(BSMC) Office.

Guests:

1. Mr. Prakash Man Amatya, Chief Planning Officer, BSMC Office

2. Mr. Devaki Prasad Chaurasiya, Engineer, BSMC Office

3. Mr. Rajiv Giri, Social Development Officer, PlU, STIUEIP

4. Mr. Satish Kumar Shrivastav, Secretary, Nagwa Ward No. 19, Birgunj, Parsa

5. Mr. Ramananda Mahato, Secretary, Bishrampur VDC, Bara

6. Mr. Ramesh Kumar, Secretary, ltiyahi VDC, Bara

Welcome Speech and lntroduction about the Project: Mr. Nagendra Jha, TeamLeader, DSC, STIUEIP, Birgunj

Detail Briefing about EIA of Sanitary Landfill Site: Mr. Sarad Raj Shrestha,Environmental Specialist, DSC, STIUEIP, Birgunj

Discussion: The floor was open for comments and suggestions from the participants.

Master of Ceremony: Mr. Hem Raj Subedi, Socio-economist, DSC, STIUEIP, Birgunj

Raporter: Mr. Kameshwor Prasad Singh, Engineer, DSC, STIUEIP, Birgunj

PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC HEARING

The public hearing program conducted on Paush 06, 2070 (December 21, 2013) atShree Nepal Rastriya Madhyamik Vidhyalaya, Nagwa Ward No. 19 of Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City was chaired by Mr. Mohammad Sarif, Sr. Citizen of Nagwa Ward No.19 of Birgunj Sub-Metropolitan City. The chief guest was Mr. Bijaya Dongol, actingExecutive Officer, Birgunj SutrMetropolitan City Office. The program was also attendedby representative from the BSMC, PIU-STIUElP, Secretary of Ward 19-BSMC,Secretaries of Bishrampur and ltiyahi VDC and local people.

On behalf of the poroponent, Mr. Nagendra Jha, the Team Leader, DSC, STIUEIPwelcomed all the guest and participants attending the public hearing program. He briefedabout the project, its status and further activities that are due in the process. Heemphasized that the project's detail design is almost complete and the procurement

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process :s underway He assured that the Construction of the project will commence

within next four months.

Mr. Sarad Raj shrestha, the Environmental specialist from the DSC, STIUEIP stated the

purpo." of the public hearing program. He made presentations on the EIA repod

prepared for the proporeO Slnitari Landfill Site development. He briefed about the

environmental settinis potential adverse environmental impacts due to project

implementation and proposed mitigation measures in-built in the design for its

minimizatron. ne ouilin'ed'prolects pro-vision on various enhancement measures targeted

for the betterment of local community' He conveyed conclusion and recommendation

drawn from EIA findings.

Views Expressed bY the SPeakers

summary of Public Hearing deliberations and views expressed by the speakers are

given below.

(BSMCI

. He expressed his pleasure on exchange of opinion with the local people and thanked

them for their support and cooperation rendered during acqulsition of land that was

mostlyownedby.peopleresidinginNagwaWardNo.lgofBSMC.

. He emphasized that the project is loan finance from Asian Development Bank and

highlighted project settings on Private Public Partnership approach.

. He clarified on issues raised by the locals and said the project provisions all the

remedial measures for minimization of adverse environmental impact due to

implementation or the project and urged all to keep.positive thinking on project

implementation. He ,uiO if,at the pro]ect rather wilt improve the environment of

Birgunj.

Mr. Amatya made aware regarding another project component that will improve

drainage, sewerage and roadi of Birgunj Municipility that will ultimately resolve the

flooding problem that Birgunj is presently facing'

The sTlUElP project in Birgunj consists of two components. First will take care of

drainage, Sewerage and roJds-improvement while second focuses on improvement

of solid waste *rn.g.;"nt of aitgrnj Sub-metropolitan City by developing Sanitary

Landfill site at ltiyahi 7 and Bishrampur 9 of Bara District. The drainage component

provisions more investment in Nagwa Ward No. 19' The present haphazard dumping

of solid waste in Biigunj will now-be managed properly by placing solid waste in a

sanitary mannepii-.por"d landfill site having various infrastructures including

composting Plant.

The social development program of the project consists of various training program

to be given to atfected lotals"in a priority basit. tf'". pLrase.wise training program will

now focus on atfecieO locals of ltiyahi/Bishrampur VDC of Bara District and Nagwa

WarO No. 19 of Birgunj Sub-metropolitan City'

ii' "6: ."

Mr. Deveki Prasad Chaurasiva. Enqineer. BSMC Office

The project will be implemented as per the detail designenvironmental impacts.

which

Mr. Raiiv Giri. Social Development Officer. PlU. STIUEIP

. The training program to be rendered by the Project basically focuses on tailoring,badic computer, driving, beautiparlor, and mobile reparing etc.

. He urged the affected locals to form cluster of committees and submit selectedtraining program sought to the project through respective ward office. These willease the project in selecting training candidate for suitable training program.

Mr. Satish Kumar Shrivastav, Secretarv, NaowaWard No. 19. Birquni, Parsa

He urged that the ward office will coordinate with the project on training programs soughtby different committees from the affected locals. Similar Notation was delivered by Mr.Ramananda Mahato, secretary, Bishrampur VDC and Mr. Ramesh Kumar, Secretary,Itiyahi VDC of Bara District.

After the expression of views and concerns by the representatives, people were atlowedto express their feeling and views on the project. Similarly, various issues were raised bytotal 11 participants. The copy of written comments is presented at the end of theproceeding. on behalf of the proponent, Team Leader Mr. Nagendra Jha andEnvironmental Specialist Mr. Sarad Raj Shrestha answered the querries raised by theparticipants. lt was assured that the project is committed to safeguard the environmentand will implement all the mitigation and enhancement measures outlined in the EIAreport within the rules and regulation of the Government of Nepal.

The proponent elaborated that the environmental impact assessment process isconducted in accordance with Environmental Protection Rules. The purpose of EIAstudy is classifying the impacts which can be avoided or mitigated or compensated. Thestudy will incorporate all the relevant issues raised during the public hearing meeting.The proponent will submit the EIA Report to MoSTE through Ministry of UrbanDevelopment by incorporating the suggestions of this meeting. MoSTE will make EIAreport public by publishing 30 days public notice in one of the national daily newspaper.The notice will specify the locations where the EIA report will be available. People willhave another opportunity to review the report and makie sure that their concerns andsuggestions are incorporated. People can directly send the suggestions to MoSTE ifthey have not been incorporated in Final EIA Report.

/ssues Raised by the Participants

The issues raised and answers given during the public hearing meeting are summarizedas follows.

Mr. Shom P. Chaurasiva

lssues:

. The temple nearest to the project site should be rectified.

. The project should construct Cemetary.

. New bridge whoud be built on Singaha River. n'1q€({'Answers:

. The cost for rectification of temples, construction of well managed cemetery and a

bridge in Singaha river is already included in the project design estimate.

Mr. Lalu P. Chaurasiva

lssues:

. The locals of Nagwa should be involed in development works.

. Land for Cemetary should be identified and constructed accordingly.

Answers:

. The project will give priority to affected locals on employment opportunities as pertheir skill and capacity.

. During construction, the Municipality will identify appropriate location for constructionof well managed cemetery in consultation with the locals. The project has alreadyallocated budged for the same.

Mr. Ram Binod Sinqh

lssues:

. The project should develop our surrounding villages by constructing roads.

Answers:

o The project in it's design and estimate includes development of roads, bridge anddrainage structures including various training programs for the affected locals.

Mr. Krishna P. Kashuwaha

lssues:

The mechanism for minimization of odor problem should be clarified.The project should make arrangement for few locals to observe ongoing similarproject to ensure that the project will not incure any adverse impacts.The project NGO has been rendering training program without maintaining co-ordination with the local club. This should not happen in future.

Answers:

o For minimization of odor, the solid waste will be transported at the earliest from thecollection point in closed vehicles. The waste will be immediately sorted forcomposting and recycling while the residual waste will be laid, spread in layers, dailycovered by clay soil and compacted. Further, a buffer zone all around the landfill sitewill be developed with plantation of suitable trees for the attenuation of air pollutionand smell.

o During construction period, the project will organize visit program for few selectedlocals to similar project to make them aware that the sanitary landfilling system willnot adversely affect the local environment.

a

a

r The NGO will coorOinatd'ir.,ittprograms.

office while rendering traning

Mr. Medhish P. Yadav

lssues:

' The project should give priority to the children of affected locals for employrnent asper their skill and capacity.

Answers:

o lt is already mentioned that the project provisions in providing employmentopportunity to the extent possible to the affected locals as per their skiii and cafacity.

Mr. Ariun P. Yadav

lssues:

' Alerted that the project works will be stopped if the assurance given at present is notfulfilled.

. Assurance for employment should be fulfilled.

Answers:

o The project will stick towards its committment.

Mr. Harindra Yadav

lssues:

' The assurance made by Municipality during acquisition of land should be fulfilled.o we are suspicious on quality operation of the landfill by the Municipality.o Environmental pollution should be minimized.. We are assured that the project will rectify nearby temple.' Assurance only is given for construction of health post but it has not been initiated.' Employment opportunity to the affected locals should be assured.' Construction of bridge should be carried out together with project implementation.Answers:

o All the above assurances are provisioned inimplemented.

. Various mitigation measures are inclusive inenvironmental pollution.

' A health clinic will be established upon commencement of project work within the sitefor use by project personnel as well as local residents.. The bridge over Singaha River will be constructed.. The landfill will be operated as per its operational plan.

Rest of the issues raised by other four participants is similar to the issues already voicedabove.

the project which is sure to be

the design for minimization of

DOCUMENTATION OF PAPERS OF PUBLIC HEARING

The EIA reporl coutd be legally finalized only after incorporation of issues during public

hearing on Draft EIA Reporl. Almost all the issues raised by locals are alreadyaddressed in this EIA reporl. Hence, in order to comply with the legal requirements, thedocumentation of procedures indicated in the EPR 1997 seems important. The EIA

report is such a compilation and contains the following.

. Public Notice and Muchulkas.

. Public Hearing Deliberation and Collection of Written Notes (lssues/Suggestions)from the participants.

. Executive Summary of Draft EIA Report (NepaliVersion).

. Recommendations from the affected VDCs and Municipality.

. List of Participants.

. Photographs.

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'ffiANNEX 7

Recomrnendation Letters from theRelevant Stakeholders

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ANNEX 8

Water Quality Test Results

.":l]\'--fx -? .t .^*''}r ',r* +;1'"" r{eh# ,i

Sr. No. Parameters UnitBasel ne Results (Not r. 29, 2413)

U/S Singaha D/S Singaha Ground Water

PHYSICAL1 oH 7.8 772 Turbiditv NTU Aa 47 2a Electric Conductivitv uS/cm 324 322 482

4 Total Dissolved Solids mq/L 141 140 11t1

5 Color TCU <1 <1 <1

b Total Susoended Solids mq/L 79.9 234.2 < 0.1

7 Lab. Temperature oi 170 17.0 170CHEMICAL

Bicarbonate mq/L as CaCOt 159 165 aaEJJJ

2 Chloride mq/L as Cl 11 11 J

J T. Phosphate mo/L as P 0.1 0.'1 < 0.1

4 Sulphate mq/L as SOa 8 8 <1

^Nitrite mq/L as N 1.8 0.3

o Nitrate ma/L as NO" ,a l_3 0.9

7 Ammonia mq/L as NHs 1.5 I.O < 0.'1

U Calcium mo/L as Ca 46q lron mq/L as Fe 6.8 I l.o 0.'1

10 Manoanese mq/L as Mn 1.7 t.o 0.5

11 Arsenic mq/L as As < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05

12 Sodium mo/L as Na 16 16 47

IJ Zinc mo/L as Zn < 0.1 <01 < 0.141l+ Copper mq/L as Cu < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

15 Chromium mq/L as Cr <005 < 0.05 <00516 Cadmium mq/L as Cd < 0.01 <001 < 0.0'1

17 Lead mo/L as Pb < 0.0'1 < 0.01 < 0.01

to Mercurv mq/L as Hq 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001

19 Nickel mq/L as Ni < 0.1 < 0.'1 < 0.1

20 Selenium mq/L as Se < 0.0'1 < 0.0'1 < 0.01

21 Sulfide mo/L as S <1 <1 <1

22 c.o.D. mq/L 22 <1

23 B.O.D. mq/L 8 4 <1

24 Flouride mq/L as F < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.'1

Total Nitroqen mq/L as N 1.1 0.7 <1

lo Dissolved Oxvqen mq/L I v 7

27 Permanqanate Value mo/L as O" <1 <1 <1

2B Phenolic Comoound ND ND ND

IV Oil and Grease ND ND ND

BACTI :RIOLOGICAL1 Faecal Coliform Cfu / 100 ml NiI Nit Nit

Note: 1)

2)

3)4)

ND = Not DetectedBaseline ground water quality tested parameters are found to be within the limit

of NDWQS except that of Manganese.Detailed test results are kept in Annex - 8

The water quality monitoring will be carried out taking into considerationparameters tested during baseline survey.

$fiFff*f' LrD[\\ater .-1,nal1-sis. Treatment Consultancy & Environment Research)

IIIItIIIIIIIIIIttItI

't ,' ln\ -

Tel. No.4416389, 4436667Fax: 977 -1- 4417690, P.O.Box : 3953

E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]

Web. : www.cematwaterlab.com.npPawan Marg-33, Maitidevi

Kathmandu, Nepal

WATER ANALYSIS REPORT

Continae,....

iffi:lff*;rr .6if,

trm 1r'i&'.' - ,4io'

K-'',. -

Sender :- Cemat Consultant P. LtdCollector :- CEIvIAT Water Lab P. Ltd*Source :- Upstream -1, Singha RiverReceipt Dare'.- 29 Nov , 2013

Sample No. :- 1

Locadon :- Birgunj

Collection Date :- 28 Nov, 2018

Analvsis Date i29 Nov - 2013

Lab No. > 1273/13

District :- Parsa

ime :- (8:00 ANQ

Parameters Unit Result MethodP.}TYSICAL

pHTurbidityElecuic conduct-ivityTotal dissolved solids

LolorTotal Suspended Solids

Lab.Temperature

AITUpS /cnng/LTCUng/L,,C

7.8

431a A

1.41.

<179.9

17,0

ISO 7 0523:1 99a @)2/ 30 B, APIL4,|7th Ed.

ISO 7888:7 985

2540 C, APHAISO 7887:t994 (E), Section )2540 D, APA]]Thermometer

CHEMICAIBicarbonate

ChlorideT. Phosphate

Sulphate

NitriteNiuate

Ammonia

Calcium

Ironl{anganeseAtsenic

SodiumZiocCopperChromiumCadmium

Lead

lvlercury

NickelSelenium

Sulflde

nglL as CaCO jnglL at ClmglL at P

ndL as SO a

ng/L at Nrug/L at NO tng/L as NH s

ng/L at Ca

ng/ L at Fe

ng/L at Mnng/L atAtmglL as Narzg/L at Znng/L a: Ca

nglL ar Crng/L ar Cd

ntg/L as Plt

mg/L at HgnglL at Ning/L a: Se

np/L at S

159

11

0.1

8

3.7

4.3

1.5

33

6.8

1.7

< 0.05

1,6

< 0.1

< 0.1

< 0.05< 0.01

< 0.01

0.001

< 0.1

< 0.01

<1

ISO 996)-/:l 994

ISO 9297:/ 989

ISO 6878:7 998(E)

4500-so 42'E, APIfA 17rh Elt.

4500-NO2.APHAI7th edn

ISO7890-3

4500-NHjC, APHA 7 7tb edn

3500-Ca D APHA lTth edn

ISO 8288:1998

ISO 8288:1 998

ISO 11969:1996

3500- B Na, APHA / Tedirion

3171, APHA 7 Ttlt Ed.

3111, APIIA / 7th Ed.

3500-Cn APHA 17t/t Ed.

3/ 7 7, APHA 7 7th Ed.

37 71, APHA 17rl: Ed.

ISO 5666:1 999

3/ t 1, APIIA / 7th Ed.

3500-se c, APHA 17th Ed.

4500-5- E, APHA l7tlt Ed.

Page 7

6,"

reffiffi#J''rmTel. No.441 6389, 4436667

Fax: 977 -1-4417690, P.O.Box : 3953E-mail : [email protected]

info@cematwaterlab'com.nPWeb. : www.cematwaterlab.com.nP

Pawan Marg'33, MaitideviKathmandu, NePal

(Water Analysis, Treatment Consultancl' & Environment Research

I

I

:

I + Sampling as per ISO 5667-6

** Subcontracted pfameters ND= Not Detected

Continue of l-"ab Na 1 273 / 13

Authoriz ed sign: {'':bZ?Date:4j*. ," lZ

L:$.n/lA? 1:/a&.6-Ii,qe A_,.6ts {t9-} 4_T-f,r-

Analyze d byt 8=*----.--^Date: 2-1 l>ac- ,'\g

a9'L .:.'' Sryr,.

Note: - The results refer only to thc paramcters resred of rhe samples provided/$lcctcd for anallsis. llndorsemcnt of products is neither inferred nor imp)ied'

- The reproduction oI rhis reporr rvholly or putly cannor be used as ,,, ilI;,..

in the Court of larv and should not be used in any advertising media

rvithour prior rvritten permissioo from us'

Page 2

5220 B, .4PI1A 17th Ed.

5210 B, APILA 17th Ed.

4500-F D, APILA / 7th Ed.

ISO 566):198a@,)

4500-O-C , APILA l7tlt Ed.

P ern anganim e ti t' M e t b o d

GC-fuIS

22

8

< 0.1

1.1

9

<1NDND

,8/Lng/L as Fng/L as NnB/L

B.O.D.Flouride

Total NitogenDissolved Oxygen

Petmanganate Value

Phenolic Compound**

Oil and Gtease*x

BACTERIOTOGICI\L,.,: ' ' .

9222 D APIlA,l Tedition

Parameters Unit Result Method

Bicarbonate

NitrateAmmonia

ng/Las HCO tng/L as Nno/L as N

97

1.0

1..2

ISO 9963J:1994

ISO7890-1

4500-NLf3C, APLLA 17th edn

checked oy WL"*)'|

0fuFF#*$ LTD(\1'ater-\oaIlsii.TreaImentConsultancy&EnvironmentR.,..,.h)]

WATER ANALYSIS REPORT

t=;'i-)>";-

Tel. No.44'l 6389, 443668:Fax:977 -1- 4417690, P.O.Box : 3953

E-mail : [email protected]"npi nfo@cematwaterla b.com. n p

Web. : www.cematwaterlab.com" n pPawan Marg-33, Maitidenl

Sender :- Cemat Coosultanr P. Ltdector :- CENIAT Warer Lab P. Lrdx

:- Downstream -2, Singha fuverReceipt Date:- 29 Nov , 2013

Sample No. :- 1

Location :- BirgunjCollection Date :- 28 Nov, 2013

Analysis Date -29 Nov , 2013

Lab No. :1274/1,3District :- Parsa

Time :- (8:15 Alv!

Parameters Unit Result MethodPHYSICATpH

TurbidiryElectric conductiviryTotal dissolved solids

Color

Total Suspended Solids

Lab.Temoerarue

NruuSfcnng/LTCUng/Loc

7.7

47

322

140<1

234.2

1,7.0

ISO 10523:7994 (E)21 30 B, APILA,I7th Ed.

tSO 7888:1985

2540 C, APAHISO 7887:7 994 (E), Section 3

2540 D,APAHThermometer

CHEMICAIBicarbonate

ChlorideT. Phosphate

Sulphate

NiuireNitrateAmmonia

CalciumIronNlanganese

Arsenic

Sodium

ZiocCopper

ChromiumCadmium

Lead

Ivlercury

NickelSelenium

Sulf,de

ng/L as CaCO jnglL at ClnglL at Pnry/L as SO tng/L a: NnglL at NO jng/L at NH tng/L at Ca

ntgf L as Fe

nglL at Mnmg/L as As

mg/L as Namg/L as Znmg/L as Cu

mg,/L as Crmg,/L as Cd

mgll- as Pb

mg/L as Hgmgll- as Nimg/L as Se

as/L at S

165

11

0.1

B

1.8

2.3

1,.6

33

11.6

1.8

< 0.05

16

< 0.1

< 0.1

< 0.05

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.001

< 0.1

< 0.01

<'1

ISO 996)-1:1 994

ISO 9297:1 989

ISO 6878:1 998 @)4500-so ,2' E, APITA 17th Ett.4500-NO2 API-IA| 7th edn

ISO7890- j4500-NH3C, APILA 17rh edn

J500-Ca D APIIA 7 7th edn

ISO 8288:7 998

ISO 8288:1 998

15O71969:7996

i500- B Na, APILA l Tedition

)111, APHA / 7th Ed.

J71t, APITA / 7th Ed.

)500-Cr, APITA tTth Ed.

Jl 11, APIIA / 7th Ed.

3/ fi, APILA / 7th Ed.ISO 5566:1 999

)7 / 7, APILA /7th Ed.3500-Se C, APITA / 7th Ed.4500-s- E, APHA 17th Ed.

Continae....

rdse t

4MfiF##$ LTD(Water Analysis, Treatment Consultancy & Environment Research

* Smpl.ing as per ISO 5667-6

** Subcontracted puameters

Analyzed by: &_c-^-*--.t-Date: z-q b ec ,' I 3

Note: - The results refer only to the puameters tested of the samples provided/collected for analysis. Endorsement oIproducts is neither inferred nor impJied.

- The reproduction oI this report rvhoLly or pudy cannot be used as;in evidence in the Court oflarv and should not be used in any advertising media

without prior rvritten permission from us.

Page 2

Tel. No.441 6389, 4436667Fax: 977 -1- 4417690, P.O.Box : 3953

E-mail : [email protected]@cematwaterlab.com, np


Kathmandu, Nepal

Continae of Lab No. 1 274 / 7 3

Parameters Unit Result MethodCHEMICALC.O.D,

B.O.D.Flouride

Total NitrogenDissolved OxygenPermanganate Value

Phenolic Compoundxx

Oi-l and Grease**

mg/Lmg/Lmgll- as F

mg/L as Nmg/Lmg/Las Oz

13

4

< 0.1

0.7

9

<1NDND

5220 B, APIIA t Ttb Ed.

5210 B, APHA 7 7th Ed.

4500-F D,APHAl7thEd.ISO 56631984(E)4500-o-c , APITA 17th Ed.

P ern anga ni m e ti c M e t b o d

CC-MSCC.MS

BACTERTOLOGICALFaecal Coliform Cfi/ t 00 nl Nil 9222 D APILA,I Tedition

ND= Not Detected

Parameters Unit Result Method

Bicarbonate

Nitrate

Ammonia

ng/ L as HCO tmg/LatNns/L as N

101

0.5

1.3

ISO 996i-1:7 994

ISO7890-3

4500-NH3C, APIIA 17th ednIif

Checked by: Authorized sign: LJL'?Date: 11 -b.-;17

tiE:-&/tr'6,7- WAi'Ei!{,!.r.4 [! (I,.; [_TD

ffiFqd;8#

1F

$$F##nLrD(1\ aler -'1,nal1,sis' Treatment Consultancy & Environment Research

of Landlietd Site at brid, collection

Tel' No.4416389, 4436667Fax'.977 -1- 4417690, P.O.Box : 3953

E-mail : cematlab@wlink'com'nP I

info@cematwaterlab'com'nP'Web. : www.cematwaterlab'com'nP

Pawan Marg'33, Maitidevi

IIIIIIIT

II

Kathmandu, NePal

Lab No. :- 1275/13

District':- Parsa

ime :- (9:05 ANf)

Sample No. :- 1

Location:- Birgunj

Collection Date :- 28 Nov, 2013

Analvsis Date >29 Nov , 2013

:- Cemat Consulunt P. Ltd

Collector :- CEiVIAT Water Lab P' Ltd+

Soutce :- Ground Water

Receiot Date - 29 Nov , 2013

#South West Corner at

Parameters Unit Result NDWQS Method

(-1AT

pH

TurbidityElectric conductiviryTotal dissolved solds

ColorTotal Suspended So[ds

Lab.Temperature

NTUuSfcnng/LTCU*g/Loc

8.3

482

210<1

< 0.1

17.0

6.5 -8.5

s (Q (taax)

1s00 (h[ax)

1000 (L[ax)

s (1s) (Laax)

ISO 10523:1994 $:)21 30 B, APIIA,T 7th Ed.

ISO 7888:7 985

2540 C, APAH 7 Tedition

ISO 7887:1994 @), Senion 3

(5a0 D,APAH tTedirion

lThermometer

(.T{F',MICAT15O 9961-1:7 9Ya

ISO 9297:1989

ISO 6878:1998(E)

45oo-so !2-E, APHA t 7th Ed.

4500-NO 2',4PHA1 7 th edn

ISO7890-3

4500-I{Lf3c, APITA 7 7rh edn

psoo-co D AP\TA 17lh etltt

IISO 8288:1 998

lr.so szts,t gst

lrso ,, our,, re6 (AAS)

llsoo- n Na, APITA l Terlition

ltttt,apuz 77thEd.

llt,,, epru,q. t zlh Ed.

lssoo c,, APHA t7t/) E(t.

131t t, APHA 7 7th Ed.

ltt r r. epuz t Tth Ed.I

IISO 5666:1 999

lsttt,,sPHAtTrhEd.ltsoo-s, c, APIuA t zth Ed.

lrsoo s- E, APITA t 7 tt) Ed.

Bicarbonate

Chioride

T. Phosphate '

Sulphate

NitriteNitrateAmmonia

Calcium

ILo.,

lNIr,,*rn.r.lA.r..,.iclsod.i..,,.,

lz,;ntÎ LopPer

lch'o-,u,,,lc^d-ru..,I

lLead

lMercuq,lNickells.l.*.,rnI a,,,fir.

nglL m CaCO Img/L at Clng/L a: P

mg/L a: SO tng/L as Nmg/L a: NO t1ng/ L a: NH tt._lng/ L as Ca

lns/L at Fe

l*|1r n, un

lmg/L as As

lmg/L as Na

lmg/L asZo

lr,g/L as Cu

lms/L as Cr

l-!/L u, ca

lmg/L as Pb

lmg/L as Hg

lmg/L as Ni

lmg/L as Se

lnts/ L as S

335

3

< 0.1

<10.3

0.9

< 0.1

40

0.1

0.5< 0.05

47

< 0.1

< 0.1

< 0.05

< 0.01

< 0.01

<10.001

< 0.1

< 0.01

<1

250 (ltax)

250 (lvIax)

50 (NIax)

1.5 (NIax)

0.i (3)(h[ax)

0.2 (trlax)

0.05 (Max)

3 (L4ax)

7 (L4ax)

0.05 (L4ax)

0.003 (tuIax)

0.01 (Max)

0.001 (Max)

Page 1

reffiru**ILrm

ND= Not Detected

Analyzed by; &_o^**_r-Date: >q b e.r' /J

Tel. No.441 6389, 4436667Fax: 977 -1- 4417690, P.O.Box : 3953

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Kathmandu, Nepal(Water Analysis, Treatment Consultancy & Environment Research

NDWQS= National Drinking Water Qualiry Srandrd (2062)t Sampling as per ISO 5667-6** Subcontracted pmameters

Remarks: The observed values of all the tested parameters are

except that of Manganese.

Continue of l-ab No. 1275 /13

Method

9222 D APIlA,l Tedition

( )=If there is no other alternative source ofrvater

found to be within the limit of ND\7eS,

Authotized signt /c&:. l-Date: r,1 tr. .=- +) D1'. - ls

..EI&.8.6-'!. vvAtE.qt.&a[r (8,.) t_?{_}.

The results reFcr only to the parameters tesred o[ tlrc samples provided/collected for analysis. l]ndorsement of products is ncirhcr infcrred nor implied.- The reproduction of this report rvholly or Putl), cannot be used as an evidence in the Court oI larv and should not be u'sed in any advertising nedia

without prior rvritten permission from us.

c.o.D.B.O.D.Flouride

Dissolved OxygenPermanganate Value

Phenolic Compound**Oil and Grease**

mg/Lmg/Lmgll- as F

mgll- as Nmg/Lmg/L as 02

<1< 0.1

<17

<1

NDND

5220 B, APHA 17tb Ed.5210 B, APITA 17tb Ed.

4500-F D, APITA 17th Ed.ISO s663:198a@)4500-o-c , APIfA 17th Ed.P erm anga ni m e ti t M e t h o d

CC-MS

CC-MSBACTERIOLOGICAI

Parameters Unit Resu1t MethodBicarbonate

NitrateAmmonia

nglL asHCO jrug/L ar Nnp/L at N

204

0.2

< 0.1

ISO 9963-/:7 994

ISO7890-3

4500-NH/C, APILA 17tb edn

Checked ot, Y(r-*{o*

Page 2