ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT · 2016. 7. 10. · khanh hoa prov1ncial people's committee nha trang city environmental sanitation project management unit . environmental impact

KHANH HOA PROV1NCIAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE

NHA TRANG CITY ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REPORT

FOR

COASTAL CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT

NHA TRANG SUB-PROJECTS - PHASE 2

COMPONENT 3 - SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (FINAL REPORT)

NHA TRANG, FEBRUARY, 2011

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KHANH HOA PROVINCIAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE NHA TRANG CITY ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT COASTAL CITIES ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT-

NHA TRANG SUB-PROJECTS

COMPONENT 3 • SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

INVESTOR

NHA TRANG CITY ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT

G ~ lDOC

CONSULTANT

LAC VIET INVESTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

AND INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNIQUES JOINT STOCK

COMPANY (LAVIC)

-----..

Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Suh-project Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page .

1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................... 1

2. LEGAL DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................... 2

3. IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................ 6

CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT ............................................... 7

1.1. PROJECT TITLE ........................................................................................................... 7

1.2. PROJECT OWNER ........................................................................................................ 7

1.3. OVERVIEW OF COMPONENT 3 PHASE 2 ............................................................. 7

1.3.1. Location of the Sub-project .................................................................................... 7

1.3.2. Procurement of equipments .................................................................................. 11

1.3.3. Construction of waste collection points and Transfer points ............................... 11

1.3.4. Transport leachate from Ru Ri landfill to the Luong Hoa landfilL ..................... 13

1.3.5. Redesign of Landfill Luong Hoa .......................................................................... 14

1.3.5.1. Adjustment of Rock Excavation .................................................................... 14

1.3.5.2. Redesign of liner system ................................................................................ 15

1.3.5.3. Improvment of leachate management ............................................................ 15

1.3.5.4. Shift and redesign of hazardous waste cell .................................................... 15

1.3.5.5. Redesign Luong Hoa Leachate Treatment Plant.. .......................................... 16

1.3.6. Total capital investment and operation schedule of Component 3 ...................... 18

CHAPTER 2: NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................................... 20

2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................................... 20

2.1.1. Geotechnical and hydro-geological conditions .................................................... 20

2.1.1.1. Geo-technical conditions ................................................................................ 20

2.1.1.2. Hydro-geological features .............................................................................. 20

2.1.1.3. Topography .................................................................................................... 22

2.1.2. Climate ................................................................................................................. 22

2.1.2.1. Air temperature ............................................................................................... 22

2.1.2.2. Rainfall ........................................................................................................... 23

2.1.2.3. Wind ............................................................................................................... 23

2.1.2.4. Moisture .......................................................................................................... 23

2.1.2.5. Evaporation .................................................................................................... 24

2.1.2.6. Solar radiation ................................................................................................ 24

2.1.2.7. Typhoon .......................................................................................................... 24 ,.;f

2.1.3. Ecosystem ............................................................................................................. 25

2.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 25

2.2.1. Economic development situation ......................................................................... 25

EIA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 i

Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

2.2.1.1. Development of industry ................................................................................ 25

2.2.1.2. Development of agriculture - forestry - aquaculture ..................................... 26

2.2.1.3. Tourism and services ...................................................................................... 26

2.2.1.4. Cultural works ................................................................................................ 26

2.2.2. Social development situation ................................................................................ 27

2.2.2.1. Population ....................................................................................................... 27

2.2.2.2. Culture ............................................................................................................ 27

2.2.2.3. Education ........................................................................................................ 27

2.2.2.4. Health service ................................................................................................. 27

2.3. CURRENT SITUATION OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURES .......................... 28

2.3.1. Flooding and inundations ..................................................................................... 28

2.3.2. Current situation of solid waste collection in Nha Trang City ............................. 28

2.3.2.1. Composition of solid waste ............................................................................ 28 .

2.3.2.2. Solid waste generation .................................................................................... 29

2.3.2.3. Current Situation of Urban Waste Collection ................................................ 32

2.3.2.4. Current Situation of Waste Collection from the Islands ................................ 33

2.3.2.5. Current Situation of Medical Waste Collection and Treatment ..................... 33

2.3.2.6. Current Situation of Collection of Construction Waste and Debris ............... 33

2.3.2.7. Current Situation of Industrial Waste Collection (Hazardous Wastes) .......... 33

2.3.2.8. Solid Wastes in Rivers and Beaches .............................................................. 34

2.4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ................................................................ 34

2.4.1. Air environment ................................................................................................... 34

2.4.2. Surface water environment. .................................................................................. 37

2.4.3. Underground water ............................................................................................... 38

2.4.4. Leachate Quality ................................................................................................... 38

CHAPTER 3: ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................. 40

3.1. SOURCES OF IMPACTS ............................................................................................ 40

3.1.1. Sources of impact ................................................................................................. 40

3.1.2. Objects of impact. ................................................................................................. 40

3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................................................................................. 41

3.2.1. Preparation Phase ................................................................................................. 41

3.2.2. Construction Phase ............................................................................................... 41

... 3.2.3. Operation Phase .................................................................................................... 43 3.2.3.1. Impacts on health ............................................................................................ 43

3.2.3.2. Impacts on labour ........................................................................................... 44

3.3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RISKS ....................................................................... 44

3.3.1. Risk ....................................................................................................................... 44

3.3.2. Labour and traffic accidents ................................................................................. 44

CHAPTER 4: MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................ 45

EIA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 ii


4.1. MITIGATION MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...................................... 45

4.2. MITIGATION MEASURES IN OPERATION PHASE .............................................. 45

4.2.1.1. For Luong Hoa landfill ................................................................................... 45

4.2.1.2. For collection and transfer points ................................................................... 45

4.3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION PREVENTION MEASURES ............................................. 46

4.4. HYGIENE AND LABOR SAFETy ............................................................................. 46

4.5. COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION .................................................................. 47

CHAPTER 5 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................. 48

5.1. MITIGATION MEASURE PLAN ............................................................................... 48

5.1.1. Summarized plan for mitigation measures during three principal stages ............ 48

5.1.2. Public information program and community relation .......................................... 49

5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAME .................................................. 50

5.3. ORGANIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ii RESPONSIBILITY .............................................................................................................. 53

5.4. COSTS ESTIMATED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM .... 55

5.4.1. Monitoring cost ofIndependent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC)56

5.4.2. Implementation cost of monitoring program ........................................................ 56

5.4.3. Total Estimated Budget Cost for EMP implementation ....................................... 56

CHAPTER 6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................ 58

6.1. THE OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................................................. 58 I

6.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION IMPLEMENT ................................................................ 59

6.2.1. Public consultation in accordance with WB' policy ............................................ 59

6.2.2. Public consultation in accordance with Circular No. OS/2008/TT-BTNMT ........ 60

6.3. RESULTS OF PUBLICCONSULTATION ................................................................. 60

." 6.3.1. Results of public consultation .............................................................................. 60 6.3.2. Opinions from local governments ........................................................................ 61

6.4. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE .............................................................................................. 61

CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND COMMITMENTS ................................... 62

1. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 62 .m

2. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 62

3. COMMITMENT .............................................................................................................. 63

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ElA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 iii


LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1-1: list of equipments .................................................................................................... 11

Table 1-2: list of waste collection points at markets in Nha Trang .......................................... 11

Table 1-3: Project implementation schedule of Component 3 ................................................. 19

Table 2-1: Wind speed in dominant directions (m/s) ............................................................... 23

Table 2-2: Average monthly and annual air humidity at Nha Trang station (%) ..................... 23

Table 2-3: Total of monthly and annual evaporation capacity (mm) ....................................... 24

Table 2-4: Average monthly and annual sunshine hour variation in Nha Trang station (%) ... 24

Table 2-5: Some features of typhoons in Khanh Hoa .............................................................. 24

Table 2-6: Production value at current price ofNha Trang City divided by economic sectors in 2005 - 2007 ....................................................................................................................... 25

Table 2-7: Production value of agriculture at current price ofNha Trang City ....................... 26

Table 2-8: Average population ofNha Trang City 2004 - 2008 ............................................. 27

Table 2-9: Quantities of waste collected in 2009 (URENCO, 2010) ....................................... 30

Table 2-10: Predicted solid waste quantities generating in Nha Trang .................................... 31

Table 2-11: Results of ambient air quality ............................................................................... 34

Table 2-12: Analysis results of surface water quality in the study area ................................... 37

Table 2-13: The analysis results of groundwater quality at project area .................................. 38

Table 2-14: The results ofleachate quality and flow at Ru Ri landfill .................................... 39 fi '

Table 3-1: Sources, objects and degree of impacts during implementing Component 3 ......... 40

Table 3-2: Characteristics of the construction items of the Component 3 - Phase 2 .............. 41

Table 5-1: Summarized plan for mitigation measures ............................................................. 48

Table 5-2: Environmental Monitoring Supplement for Component 3 in Phase 11 ................... 50

Table 5-3: Locations of ambient air monitoring supplement for Component 3 in Phase II ..... 51

Table 5-4: Institutional Responsibilities ................................................................................... 54

Table 5-5: Cost for Environmental Monitoring Program for Component 3 - Phase II ........... 56

Table 5-6: Total cost for environmental management plan ..................................................... 56

Table 6-1: First round public consultation conducted by LA VIC ............................................ 59

Table 6-2: Second round public consultation conducted by LAVIC ....................................... 60

EIA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 iv


LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1-1: Map oflocations of Component 3 - Phase 2 ........................................................... 8

Figure 1-2: Transportation pipe between Ru Ri and Luong Hoa Landfills ................................ 9

Figure 1-3: Locations of transferred solid waste stations and the main transportation routes to landfill ................................................................................................................................ 10

Figure 1-4: Basic design collection point ................................................................................. 13

Figure 1-5: Proposal for moving hazardous cell out oflandfill pit.. ....................................... 16

Figure 1-6: Chart of Leachate treatment process in the Luong Hoa Landfill .......................... 17

Figure 2-1: Composition of household waste ........................................................................... 28

Figure 2-2: Composition of waste from restaurants ................................................................. 28

Figure 2-3: Composition of waste from market.. ..................................................................... 29

Figure 2-4: Composition of waste from offices ....................................................................... 29

Figure 2-5: Sampling loactions of eEnvironmental quality in Component 3 - Phase 2 .......... 36

Figure 5-1: Map of environmental monitoring program for Component 3 - Phase 2 ............. 52

Figure 5-2: Flowchart ofEMP implementation reporting ........................................................ 53

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Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Sub-project

ADB CAS DOC DOF DPI DONRE EAI EMP EIRR FIRR FS GSO GoV MOF LAVIC

MOC MPI MOSTE NRW NPV O&M PPC PMU PC PM URENCO USD VND VAT WB WSDC wrp

Component 3 Solid Waste Management

ABBREVIATION

Asian Development Bank Country Assistance Stratergy Department of Construction Department of Finance Department of Planning and Investment Department of Natural Resources and Environment Environment Impact Assessment environment management plan Economic internal rate of return Financial Internal Rate of Return Feasibility Study General Statistics Office Government of Vietnam Ministry of Finance Lac Viet Investment, Environmental Technology and Technical Infrastructure Joint-Stock Company Ministry of Construction Ministry of Planning and Investment Ministry of Science Technology and Environment NonRevenue Water Net Present Value Operation and Maintenance Provincial People's Committee (Vietnam) Project Management Unit People's Committee Prime Minister (Vietnam) Urban Service and Environment Company United Sates Dollar Vietnam Dong Value Added Tax World Bank Water Supply and Drainage Company Water Treatment Plant

EIA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 vi


INTRODUCTION

1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Nha Trang City Environmental Sanitation Project is one of the three sub-projects under

the Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (including Quy Nhon, Dong Hoi and

Nha Trang). The Project has been proposed in order to solve the existing serious

environmental sanitation problems, improve environmental sanitation conditions of the

cities, improve the local resident's living standards as well as to ensure sustainable

economic development.

The Project shall be financed under the World Bank's loan and on the basis of experiences

from other projects funded by the WB such as environmental sanitation projects in Ho Chi

Minh and Hai Phong cities.

The project shall be divided into 2 phases (phase 1: 2006-2011; Phase 2: 2011-2014) and

include 6 components:

Component 1: Drainage, Flood Controlling and Wastewater Collection;

Component 2: Wastewater Treatment Plant;

Component 3: Solid Waste Management;

Component 4: Development of Resettlement Areas;

Component 5: Sanitation Revolving Fund

Component 6: Capacity Building and Executive Assistance.

According to the Credit Agreement, the Component 3 shall be implemented in two phase.

The Phase 1 included:

Build the Luong Hoa landfill of 6ha areas, which ensure that meet the safely

deposal of solid waste in Nha Trang City.

- Rehabilitate the existing landfill and close Ru Ri landfill.

- Purchasing equipments (dustbins and solid waste pressing cars) to improve the

effective of solid waste collection in the central areas and new urban areas in the

north and the south ofNha Trang City.

So far, Only the purchasing equipments has been completed, and the construction of

Luong Hoa landfill is in process.

Implementation of Compo 3, Phase 2 according to the Credit Agreement consists of

following contracts:

• Supply of Solid Waste Equipment (NT-3.3)

EIA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 1


• Development of Luong Hoa Landfill Site (ph2) (NT-3.4)

• Transfer and Collection Points (NT-3.5)

However, in its letter dated January 22, 2010 PMU requested the consultant not to

take into consideration extension of the landfill but to review existing design for phase 1

with the aim to:

• Re-evaluate all equipment and installations according to the reduced

capacity;

• Improve the design to increase the capacity;

• Aim to cover increasing costs by design adjustments

• Develop new drawings and BoQs accordingly.

In order to complete necessary legal procedures, the Project Owner has collaborated with the consulting unit - Lac Viet Investment, Environmental Technology and Infrastructure Engineering JSC (LAVIC) - to prepare the environmental impact assessment report and the environment management plan in accordance with the regulation on environment protection of the Vietnamese Government and the World Ban1e

In the framework of this report, the Consultant LACVIC shall evaluate the impacts on environment, social and environment management plan for the implementation of Component 3. The impacts include potential, positive and negative, direct and indirect, long tenn and short tenn. Based on these forecast and assessment, mitigation measures (include management and technical measures) shall be proposed to take full advantage of the positive impacts and minimize the negative impacts on natural and social environment during the project implementation.

2. LEGAL DOCUMENTS

2.1. Legal basis

- Law on Environmental Protection No. 52/2005/QH 11 dated November 29, 2005 by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;

- Decree No. 80 12006/ND-CP dated August 9, 2006 by the Go V in regard of detail stipulation and guideline for execution of some articles of the Law on

Environmental Protection;

- Decree No. 2112008/ND-CP dated February 28, 2008 in regard of amendment and

addition of some articles of the Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated August 9,2006 by the Go V in regard of detail stipulation and guideline for execution of some

articles of the Law on Environmental Protection;

- Circular No. OS/2008fIT-BTNMT dated December 8, 2008 by the Ministry of

Natural Resource and Environment in regard of guideline for strategic

EfA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 2

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environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment;

- Decree No. 209/2004/ND-CP dated of December 16,2004 by the GoV in regard

of quality management of construction works;

Decree No. 16/2005/ND-CP dated February 7, 2005 by the GoV in regard of

management of construction investment projects;

- Decree No. 11212006/ND-CP dated September 29, 2006 by the GoV in regard of amendment and addition of some articles of the Decree No. 16/2005/ND-CP in

regard of management of construction investment projects;

- Decision No. 13/2007/QD-BXD dated December 18, 2006 by the Ministry of

Natural Resource and Environment in regard of compulsory application of

Vietnamese Standards on Environment;

Letter No. 175112007 IBXD-VP dated August 14, 2007 by the Ministry of

Construction in regard of issuance of Norms on project management costs and

consulting costs for the construction investment projects.

2.2. Related documents

Decision No. 65!TTg-CN dated January 11,2006 in regard of approval of the Pre-FS Report for the Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project including Nha

Trang City sub-project;

Memorandums of the Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project and

Memorandums prepared by the preparation delegation of Nha Trang City Sub-

project;

Memorandum dated March 5, 2004 between WB's Missions and Khanh Hoa PPC

in Nha Trang city;

Terms of Reference (TOR) dated March 25, 2004 by the WB's Mission and the

Project Preparation Delegation;

General Adjusted Master Plan of Nha Trang to 2020 and General Master Plan of

Con Minh Area to 2020 (under preparation); and

Report on Project Viewpoint by the International Coordinator; Reports by the

international experts on wastewater treatment, solid waste and resettlement; Policy

frame on resettlement assistance.

The standards and regulations applied for the environmental sanitation subproject of Nha Trang City are listed as bellows:



.....

Standard No Contents

22TCN 224-93 Road mechanical means - Specifications on technical safety inspection and environment protection.

TCVN 5298-1995 General requirements for usage of wastewater and its sediment sludge for irrigation and production of fertilizer.

TCVN 5302-1995 General requirements for land reclamation (mining activities and coverage of Landfills).

TCVN 5524-1995 General requirements for protection of surface water against contamination.

TCVN 5525-1995 General requirements for protection of underground water.

QCVN 05: 2009 National Technical Specifications on quality of surrounding air.

QCVN 06: 2009 National Technical Specifications on some toxic substances surrounding air.

QCVN 07:20081BINMT National Technical Specifications on dangerous solid wastes.

QCVN 08:20081BINMT National Technical Specifications on surface water quality.

QCVN 09:20081BINMT National Technical Specifications on underground water quality.

QCVN 14:20081BINMT National Technical Specifications on domestic wastewater.

QCVN 25:20081BINMT National Technical Specifications on wastewater from the solid waste Landfills.

TCVN 5948-1995 Maximum allowable noise level for the road transportation means.

TCVN 5949-1995 Maximum allowable noise level in public and residential areas.

TCVN6962:2001: Vibration and Seism - Vibration due to construction activities and industrial production - Maximum allowable level in public and residential areas.

TCVN 5970-1995 Preparation of plans for monitoring of surrounding air quality.

TCVN 5980-1995 Water quality - Standards of groundwater quality.

TCVN 5999-1995 Instructions for wastewater sampling (ISO 5667-10:1992).

TCVN 6431-1998 Road traffic means - Polluting exhaust fumes from vehicles and motors with gasoline engines.

TCVN 6436-1998 Noise from road traffic means while parking.

TCVN 6438-2001 Air quality - Exhaust fumes from road traffic means - Maximum allowable limit.

- TCXD 66-1991 Operation of water supply and drainage systems - Safety Regulations.

TCVN 6772:2000 Water quality - Domestic wastewater - Pollution limit.

TCVN 6774:2000 Water quality - Quality of fresh water - Protection of aquatic life.


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Standard No Contents ....

TCVN 6696- 2000 Solid wastes - Sanitary landfills - General requirements on environment protection.

TCVN6705 Non-hazardous solid wastes - Classification.

TCVN6706 Hazardous solid wastes - Classification.

TCVN7222: 2002 General requirements on environment for the centralized wastewater treatment plants.

QCVN 0112009IBYT National Technical Specifications on drinking water quality.

QCXDO 1/2008IBXD Vietnamese Construction Specifications - Construction Masterplan.

2.3. Environmental policies of the World Bank

Besides the environmental review and approval procedures of the Vietnamese Government applied to coastal cities environmental project, Nha Trang City sub-project must be prepared and implemented in compliance with environmental and social safety policies of the World Bank. According to these safety policies, the World Bank has classified the project as type A project that has negative impacts on the environment, at a large scale and has multi - dimensional and unprecedented impacts. These effects can cover a large area than the construction area.

According to the requirements of World Bank, the environmental assessment (EA) of projects has to prepare and propose a financing bank to ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. The polices, requirements and regulations ofWB are applied for EIA and RAP including:

• Environment assessment - Operation Process I Procedures of the Bank (OPIBP 4.01): • Physical Cultural Resource (OPIBP 4.11) • Involuntary Resettlement (OPIBP 4.12)

Consultation: According to the operation procedures of the World Bank and the Decree No. 2112008JND-CP, an A-type project must be consulted two times, the content of each consultation program must be recorded.

The first consultation will be conducted for households who can be affected by the project component implementation. This consultation process shall be conducted with the Program of economic-social survey and the environmental data collection from the project implementation area. The second consultation about the Draft Report on Environmental impact assessment for Component 3 was conducted in May 2010. Meeting minutes of the consultation meetings are attached in the annex.

Disclosure of information: According to the operation procedures of the World Bank and the Decree No. 80/2006JND-CP and the Decree No. 2112008JND-CP, Report on Environmental impact assessment must be mass published. The Report on Environmental impact assessment must be displayed at Washington DC, Vietnam Development Information Center (VDIC) in Hanoi, People's Committee ofNha Trang City, Khanh Hoa Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Project Management Unit of the



Project for improvement of environmental sanitation of Nha Trang City, People's Committee of communes in the research area of the project.

3. IMPLEMENTATION

3.1. EIA Report Preparation Agency

Lac Viet Investment, Environment and Infrastructure Engineering Joint Stock Company (LA VIC)

Representative:

Position:

Address:

Tel:

E-mail:

Mr. Nguyen Phan Anh

Director

No.9, Duong Thanh Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi.

(04) 3 923 2977

[email protected]

3.2. Applied Methods and Implementation

The EIA Report of the Component 3 "Solid Waste Management" shall be made by the

following methods:

- Statistical Method: Collection of meteorological, hydrological, river and socio-

economic data, reports and information on annually measured environmental data

and processing of such collected data;

- Method of Onsite Survey and Sampling and Laboratory Analysis of environmental

quality parameters: Determination of parameters of current situation of

environment.

- Method of Rapid Assessment: Calculation of pollution tonnage on the basis of

pollution coefficient in each phase of the Project.

- Method of Socio-economic Investigation: Investigation of Project areas and the

areas affected by the Project, determination of existing situation of the popUlation

and their awareness on environment, community consultation on environment

impacts during the Project implementation period.

EM, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011 6

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CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT

1.1. PROJECT TITLE

Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Nha Trang City Environmental

Sanitation Sub-project, Phase 2 ~ Component 3.

1.2. PROJECT OWNER

The Khanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee (Khanh Hoa PPC).

1.3. OVERVIEW OF COMPONENT 3 - PHASE 2

1.3.1. Location of the Sub-project

Nha Trang City Environmental Sanitation Sub-project (Hereinafter referred to as Nha

Trang Sub-project) under the Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project that

includes 3 cities of Nha Trang, Dong Hoi and Quy Nhon. At present, there are 19

urban wards and 8 suburban communes in Nha Trang City. Solid waste collection and

management has undertaken in the entire Nha Trang City by the Nha Trang Urban

Environment Company (URENCO). The location ofNha Trang Sub-project is shown

in the Figure 1-1.


01; , • i II, i I .. t Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Sub-project

600.000 &15.000 610.000 25QO 5000m

EfA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011

'" 111; III

615,000

..,

620.000

Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

FIGURE 1-1: MAP OF LOCATIONS OF COMPONENT 3 - PHASE 2

(Scale: 1 : 12500)

LEGEND:

,:, Dislrict People Committee House

CAM R.'1NH Name 01 Oistric:1lCity

"" - Name of CommuneNVard

River

-(i}- National Road and Number

--[1!i2!- Provincial Road and Name --c:::J-- Railway and Sialion

01herRoad

Boundary Lina

!,OCATIQIIS OE.J:llJ>;.

~ Transfer Points

~ leachale Pipe

o Landfils (Luong Hoa and Ru Ri)

8

....

-

-


Den Stream Leachate Pipe

Figure 1-2: Transportation pipe between Ru Ri and Luong Hoa Landfills


Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Pbase 2 Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

\

32.0 17M

1,0 Vinh Hal Market transfer point

Dam Market transfer point

I.e

Vinh Truong ward transfer point

Figure 1-3: Locations of transferred solid waste stations and the main transportation routes to landfill


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II

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1.3.2. Procurement of equipments

In the Phase 2 of Component 3, the equipments and vehicles will be invest as follows:

Table 1-1: list of equipments

No Equipment Quatities

1 Dustbins 660 liters 720

2 ins 240 liters 77

3 Push carts 75

4 Dump truck 4 tons 6



7 Boat for servicing the islands 1

8 Press container for transfer point 5

9 Skip truck for press container 1

10 Compactor for landfill 1

11 Wheel loader for landfill 1

1.3.3. Construction of waste collection points and Transfer points

.:. Collection points:

•

After surveyed all places at the hospitals, schools, markets and supermarkets where the land-use belongs to the public, it is recommended to prepare these 25 sites as collection points during Phase 2 (see Table 1-2) .

1

Table 1-2: list of waste collection points at markets in Nha Trang

BaLang VinhLuong On Duong Hien Quyen St., 50 m fromDien Bien Phu St.

2 Dai Han Crossing VinhHoa On 2/4 St., near North Coach Station

3 VinhHai VinhHai At the corner between Nguyen Khuyen Street and 2/4 St.

on Thuy VinhPhuoc

5 Vinh Tho Vinh Tho

6 Dam Van Thanh

7 Flea Market VanThang

8 Phuong Sai Phuong Son

EIA, LA VIC Consultant, Fehruary 2011

122 Son Thuy St., from 214 St. 500m

On 2/4 Street, 200m from Xom Bong bridge on the North

I The area surrounded by Xuong Huan St., Nguyen Hong Son St. and Nguyen Thai Hoc S1.

At the corner between Yet Kieu St. and Tran Quoc Toan .St

On Phuong Sai St., 1 km from Thong Nhat St.

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9 Vinh Ngoc Vinh Ngoc Far away Dua bridge 2 km on the north

10 VinhHiep

11 Vinh Thai

12 Ga Vinh Thanh

13 Vinh Tnmg

14 Lac Long Quan

15 XomMoi

16 Flea Market

17 DongNai

18 Phuoc Tin

19 Hoang Dieu

20 Binh Tan

21 CuaBe

22 DiemCang

23 HonRo

24 HienNhi

25 VinhLuong

Vinh Hiep On 23/1 0 Street, 50m from Dua bridge

Vinh Thai From 23/1 0 Street 1 km on the south

Vinh Thanh

VinhTnmg

PhuocTan

Tan Lap

Phuoc Tien

PhuocHai

PhuocLong

VinhNguyen

Phuoc Long

Vinh Truong

VinhNguyen

PhuocDong

VinhPhuoc

VinhLuong

on Trung Tam Xa Street, 50 m from 23/1 0 Street on the north

Km 7, 23/10 Street

on Lac Long Quan St., 50m from Van Kiep St.

The area surrounded by Vo Tru St., Ngo Gia Tu .St and Huynh Thuc Khang St.

At the comer between Truong Dinh St. and Tran Binh Trong St.

on Dong Nai Street

end of Be Van Dan Street

on Hoang Dieu St., near Vinh Nguyen 1 school, lkm from Tran Phu St.

At the comer between Truong Sa St. and Vo TIll Sau St.

91 Vo TIll Sau street

At the comer between Tran Phu St. and Phan Van Tri St.

At the comer between Nguyen Xi St. and Ton Duc Thang St.

Near Ha Ra bridge

At Vo Tanh Village

Locations for dustbins: Dustbins shall be placed on the pavements. On these places, a small slope shall be provided for convenience in moving and drawing dustbins.

The area of collection point: 5.30m x 1.36m = 7.20 m2•

The basic design collection point is shown in following figure:


•

II

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COLLECTION POINT Case 2

HOUSE OR PLOT

FOOTPATH

STREET

Figure 1-4: Basic design collection point

.:. Transfer points:

In accordance with URENCO transfer points are recommended at:

• Vinh Hai market (public toilets existing), area of 100m2;

• Dam market (public toilets existing), area of 160m2;

SECTION 9-8 .$:* !/lX'

• Vinh Truong Village including transfer of waste from islands (public toilets existing), area of 120m2•

The basic design of transfer points are decribed in figures in Annex.

1.3.4. Transport leachate from Ru Ri landfill to the Luong Hoa landfill

- Transmission of leachate via tanker (option I)

- Transmission of leachate via pump and pipeline (option 2)

The first option includes the purchase of a tanker. The settling basin would serve as the

storage and balancing tank. Depending on the size of the tanker app. 4 to 6 trips during

the day would be required for the estimated leachate quantities.

Investment cost is lower for the second option.

Operation cost are considerably lower, taking into account that in option I a driver! operator must be available 7 days a week. Also fuel cost is much lower compared to a

full size diesel truck.


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Maintenance cost is also considerably lower and the service easier for a small pump as required.

For these reasons, it is recommended to follow Option 2.

Pumping station will be located at the site of the e settling tank and pipes are laid in the

shoulder of the new access road to Luong Hoa landfill. No additional land is required.

Option 2 includes:

Construction of a small pump station (Q= 3.6 cbmlh, H= 15m).

- Pressure line to the highest point of the access road to LH landfill near the administration building, L=360 m, location in the embankment of the access road (width 1m).

Power supply cable and data transfer cable (L=360 m) parallel to pressure line.

Gravity line to the inlet of the leachate treatment Luong Hoa, L= 570m.

1.3.5. Redesign of Landfill Luong Hoa

By request from PPC (pMU letter dated 22.01.2010), no expansion of Luong Hoa landfill

will be implemented, instead revision of existing design Phase 1 will be carried out.

The design of Luong Hoa landfill Phase 1 has been reviewed by the Consultant. Based

on the new data of under-construction Luong Hoa landfill, a number of changes have

been proposed aiming on increasing the capacity, improving the landfill performance,

adjusting problematic or inappropriate design and gaining more cost efficiency.

Landfill redesigning is to solve the issues as follows:

- Re-designing rock excavation in the reasonable volume, technical geometry to reduce the cost of excavation;

- Re-designing the lining system to avoid using qualitative natural clay required that cannot found in Khanh Hoa province region;

- Generating possible measures by re-design to compensate the lost volume of landfill capacity caused by reduction of rock excavation.

- Redesign the leachate collection system to improve the performance of the landfill and leachate treatment efficiency to meet current standard.

1.3.5.1. Adjustment of Rock Excavation

• Reducing landfill area at Southern embankment;

Areas at the Southern embankment, which require massive excavation works, will be excluded from landfill bed and therefore from liner construction. At the South-East comer ofthe landfill a strip of2.700 m2 will be excluded.

• Construction of steep slopes

At several locations of the landfill steep slopes up to 1: 1 will be constructed in order to reduce excavation.


II

II


1.3.5.2. Redesign of liner system

F or several reasons the liner system need to be adjusted. The natural clay is not available on site and needs to be replaced by geo synthetic material. A geo synthetic clay liner (GCL) is recommended. In steeper areas, the proposed protection and drainage layer (sand, gravel) is not stable. In these areas, the drainage layer will be replaced by drainage textiles. In the newly designed steep rock excavation areas (up to 1:1), the entire liner system will be constructed by mainly geo synthetic components (GCL, drainage textiles, geo textiles).

1.3.5.3. Improvment of leachate management

• Leachate collection improvement

In order to reduce the amount of leachate, the leachate collection shafts (collection pit)

and transportation pipes will be adjusted. The future concept enables discharging

unpolluted water directly to the storm water channels. While redesigning the pipe

system, the incorrect placement of shafts (at the deepest point of the embankment) can

be corrected. Redesign drawings have already been fmalized. Redesign of pipe

collection can be served for leachate circulation that can improve the landfill

performance.

• Leachate treatment

The leachate quality measurements at Ru Ri indicate that significant Ammonia concentrations should be expected at Luong Hoa. It is unlikely that the treatment plant

according to the current design has sufficient capacity for nitrogen removal. An

additional nitrogen elimination step (stripping) should be added.

1.3.5.4. Shift and redesign of hazardous waste cell

According to current design, the hazardous waste cell is unfavorably placed at the municipal solid waste dumping area. This creates adverse operational problems, particularly since the hazardous waste cell is not operating level with the same speed as the adjacent municipal solid waste areas, as a result of reductions of airspace. It is recommended to move the hazardous waste cell to a separate place outside the solid waste site. A 4000 m2 area next to the Northern (slope) road is available and feasible. The flat area allows a leachate free waste storage under installed roof. Thus, the leachate tank including peripheral installations (pumping, pressure pipe) can be cancelled.


41

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Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Sub-project Component 3 Solid Waste Management

Shift of hazardous waste cell Example: Roofed hazardous landfill Rondeshs-gan (Germany)

Figure 1-5: Proposal for moving hazardous cell out of landfill pit

The former hazardous waste cell will be turned into solid waste disposal area providing additional 200.000 m3 airspace.

1.3.5.5. Redesign Luong Hoa Leachate Treatment Plant

Redesign of the treatment plant at the landfill is required because the proposed process

technology acceptable effluent values cannot be reached.

Design criteria are:

- use of the already constructed ponds as biological treatment step

use of technology available and used in Vietnam

flexibility and ease of operation

Compared to domestic waste water leachate contains a high concentration of nitrogen mostly in the form of ammonium as landfills develop anaerobic conditions.

The existing design proposes for the leachate treatment 3 ponds.

Considering inflow data and reviewing experiences at other operating landfills in the South of Viet Nam, it should be noted that leachate is very difficult to treat even using several high loading steps of treatment. For example at an advanced landfill in Ho Chi Minh city, process includes a step of physical-chemicals treatment and two steps of biological treatment for removal of organic matter. Additionally two steps of anoxic treatment to remove nitrogen and two steps of physical treatment to remove suspended solid were implemented (CENTEMA, 2008). However, nitrogen parameters sometimes could not meet the standard. The modified technology of leachate treatment plant in Luong Hoa landfill are shown in Fig. 1-6.


"

• ..

.. Iii

.. •

jlh


The raw leachate

Ca(OH)2 NaOH

Collection pit

Pump hole 1

r----'-'-'-' I

~.-.~ t ,-P_u_m_p_ho_l_e 2---'~J

NaOH ~ ~ - -- -- - --1L.... __ c_a_us_tl_·c_ta_n_k_.....l ----+11101 Pump hole 3 I

Alz(SOMl

Polymer, HCI "'"'------- L.......-__ -.--__ .....J ........ (~ .......... ~L.......-_S_IU_d __ ge~ta_n_k_...I

r'-'-'-'-'-' ~.- .... \0 .

I ~.-.-.-.-.-.

Receiving body (QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT, B2)

Water pipe

Sludge pipe

.

. t

Landfill

II>

........... ~ Air pipe - • - • ~

Chemical pipe - - - ..

Figure 1-6: Chart of Leachate treatment process in the Luong Boa Landfill

The presence of nitrogen in the leachate is mainly in the form of ammonium produced

under anaerobic conditions in the landfill. As experiences of leachate treatment at Nam Binh Duong Landfill (Binh Duong Province) and Soc Son Landfill (Ha Noi) show,

currently the most suitable process to remove ammonia is stripping. During the process

the pH of leachate is raised to 11 or 12, and most of the ammonium converses to

ammonia that can be removed by air stripping.


..

-


In addition to the biological step as designed under phase 1 the removal of nitrogen by stripping is strongly recommended.

For the organic matter and COD, the existing and already constructed pond system is sufficient and operation must include intensive aeration.

In comparison with the domestic wastewater, leachate contains a high content of Nitrogen, mainly under the type of Ammonium. The treatment technology proposed in the Phase 1 is to use 3 lakes for treatment of leachate. However, the treatment of leachate is very difficult, especially treatment of Nitrogen contained therein. Therefore, within this Phase the Consultant proposes to add 2 more stripping towers. Size of the treatment plant is proposed as follows:

1. Collection Well: 500m3

2. Lime mixing tank: HRT: 30 minutes, D=1.2 m x H=2.8

3. Stripping Tower 1: D=3m x H = 8m;

4. Stripping Tower 2: D=3m xH = 8m;

5. Neutralization (eliminating lime): HRT: 3 hours; D=2.8 x H=6m.

6. Anaerobic pond 1: HRT: 111 days (15,000m3).

7. Anaerobic pond 2: HRT: 111 days (l5,000m\

8. Oxidization ditch: HRT: 66 days (9000m\

The leachate, after treated, will meet the class B2, the National Technical Regulation on Wastewater of the Solid Waste Landfill Sites QCVN 25 :2009 (for BOD, COD, total nitrogen and ammonia), and follow the class B, the QCVN 24:2009 (for other parameters) .

1.3.6. Total capital investment and operation schedule of Component 3

.:. Operation schedule of the component 3

According to the Credit Agreement, the total investment cost is follows:

- Supply of Solid Waste Equipment (NT-3.3): 580.500 USD

- Development of Luong Hoa Landfill Site (Ph2) (NT-3.4): 278.124 USD

- Transfer Station (NT-3.5): 100.000 USD

.:. Schedule of project implementation

The schedule of project implementation is shown in Table 1-4. In the Table 1-4, the symbol of book is report, line is the implementing time from the beginning to fmishing (solid line is expected time, dash line is extention time), triangle is signed time.


i. Ii I. '" • It if If

Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Sub-project

..- 4 .. • •

Table 1-3: Project implementation schedule of Component 3

EIA, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011

Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

19

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CHAPTER 2: NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS

2.1.1. Geotechnical and hydro-geological conditions

2.1.1.1. Geo-technical conditions

General geological characteristics ofNha Trang City are as follows:

a) The coastal area: most of the covering layers are sand in which several areas have thickness of 3m, followed by layers of clay with good pressure strength (R;:::l kglcm2)

b) Hillside: includes layers in order:

- Medium crushed sand layer with R;:::1 Kglcm2

Carved stone and local coral layer, met at the depth of3+6.5m, thickness of3+3.2m

- Pebble and clay layer, encountered at depth of 6.5+7.5 m, thickness ofO.8+1m

- Mixed clay layer, encountered at depth of7+7.6 m, ending at depth of8.8+9.0m

- Bedrock layer, encountered at depth of 8.8+9m, firm.

c) Low-lying area (western of the city, located at two sides ofQuan Truong River): The area is usually flooded every year, terrain elevation is less than I meter, strata includes following layers:

- Top layer is gray white sand in soft plastic status, thickness from 1.5 to 2.5 m, this layer is widely distributed throughout the area.

- Next layer is a black clay sludge and shell layer in stretching status, thickness of about 7m.

- Under clay sludge layer is sludge layer, gray, stretching status, thickness of2.5 m

- At a depth of about 20m is yellow grey layer, semi-solid to solid status at depth of -20m to-25m.

2.1.1.2. Hydro-geologicalfeatures

Currently, Nha Trang City has large reserves of underground water; however, the water is mostly contaminated with salinity in coastal areas and at river outlets in Cai and Quan Truong River.

According to the geological survey report of Phase 1 and Phase 2 by VIW ASE implemented in September 2005 and May 2009, the hydrological characteristics in the project area are summarized as follows:


•

II


• Tide:

Nha Trang City is close to Nha Trang Bay. Tidal regime in Nha Trang Bay is not even.

According to observation data in Cau Do hydrological station in Khanh Hoa province,

there are 18-20 diurnal tide days per month, time of rising tide is more than time of falling

tide. Fluctuation water has relatively clear periodicity with the largest amplitude of 2.4 m;

the average amplitude of tidal period is 1.2-2 m. Tidal water level ranges from -1.37 m to

+ 1.03 m (VN2000 National Coordinate System) .

• Wave:

Maximum wave height was observed in the coast of Khanh Hoa provincal People's Committee office, which was 2.5 m (November 15, 1990). In Nha Trang Bay observable waves are greater than 2.0 m in height.

• River:

- Cai River (Nha Trang):

In many years, the average annual flow on Cai River in Dong Trang area with basin area of 1,244 km2 basin reaches 56.5 m3/s, corresponding to the module number of flow which is 45.5 l/s/km2 and total flows are 1.78 billion m3/year.

However, the annual flow variation in years is not great. Coefficient of variation (Cv) of annual flow is 0.37. Annual flow with frequency of 75% is 41.3 m3/s or 1.3 billion m3 of water.

Flow in Hood season: Annual flood of Cai River in Nha Trang starts from September to December (time maybe different a few weeks).

Flood peak discharge at peak Ha Ra - Xom Bong is as follow:

P% 1 3

Qmax( m3/s) 4551 3692

Water levels measured in Nha Trang City are:

Hmax=2.05m

Htb=0.48 m

- Tac and Quan Truong River

5

3202

10

2446

Hydrological regime of the Quan Truong River directly affects the South of Nha Trang airport. It's just a branch of Cai River in Nha Trang; during the dry season there is no water, in the rainy season, water from Cai River in Nha Trang sweeps through adding with field water in Dien Khanh, concentrating and discharging into Be river outlet, Dong Bo river, causing flooding in two riverbanks.

According to the plan, Quan Truong River will be improved, straightened to go close to the expansion area of the city to the west to ensure flood discharging in part of Cai River to Be outlet.


•

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Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Suh-project Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

• Flood:

In this area, there are often 2-5 floods each year, as mentioned above part of flood flow discharges to Tac River to go to Be outlet. High speed of flood on the river often causes serious flooding to low land. Submerged time can last 2-3 days. Historic floods in 1964 lasted for a week. The most dangerous case is when encountering wave combining with flood tide. In Nha Trang city, the most frequent flooded areas are Dien Khanh district and low areas such as: Vinh Thai, Vinh Ngoc, Vinh Hiep, Vinh Thanh, Vinh Phuoc, Vinh Hai and Ngoc Hiep Ward.

2.1.1.3. Topography

Topographic and geomorphic characteristics ofNha Trang City are generalized to three areas as follows:

• The Northern ofCai River:

This area included the residential areas of Vinh Hai and Vinh Tho Ward, has relatively flat terrain with elevations from 3 m to 3.5 m; only the area near the end of emission station is low with elevation from 0.37m to 1.86m. This area is heavily affected by the flood from Hon Kho Mountain; this area is often flooded when it rains .

Residential area in Vinh Tho, Vinh Phuoc ward has terrain along the pied of Hon Chong and Hon San Mountain so it is very slope with elevation from 5.1 m to 24m. Son Thuy residential area along Cai River has elevation from 0.5 m to 5.1 m.

• Central area:

The urban roads are flat terrain; elevation is from 3.9 m to 4.2 m.

Urban area to the west ofLe Hong Phong Street and Tac River through the western plain is lying terrain, elevation is from 0.5 m to 1.5m.

• Southern area:

Southern area is flat terrain; average elevation is from 2.4 to 3.5 m.

2.1.2. Climate

Nha Trang City has characteristics of tropical climate with two distinct rainy and dry

seasons.

2.1.2.1. Air temperature

With its mild climate, in the whole year, Nha Trang City has the summer which is lots of sunshine but not hot and the winter which is rainy but not cold. The details are as follows:

- Average annual temperature:

- Minimum temperature:

- Maximum Temperature:

- Monthly average temperature:

EM, LA VIC Consultant, February 2011

26.600C

14.60oC

39.50oC

28.40oC (June, July, August)

22

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Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nba Trang City Sub-project Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

- Monthly average temperature: 24.30° C (January, December)

- The total amount of heat during the year: 98,2000C

2.1.2.2. Rainfall

Rainfall varying from 1,000-1 ,500mm accounts for 51 %, rainfall under 1,000mm to 700mm accounts for 20%, the rest is rainfall from 1,500mm to 2,500mm, in which the rainfall over 2,000 mm accounting for 12%.

- The average annual rainfall: 1,252mm and maximum: 1,061mm (November -1917)

- The highest annual rainfall: 2,552mm; lowest: 641mm

Rainfall is unevenly distributed in the year: 85% of rainfall concentrating in the rainy months (September to December).

2.1.2.3. Wind

Main prevailing wind direction in the year in Nha Trang City is North and Northeast, Southeast with average wind speed of 6mJs; dry heat Southwest wind appear less. Overall, Nha Trang City is rarely affected by typhoons, cyclones.

Table 2-1: Wind speed in dominant directions (mls)

Average annual air moisture in Nha Trang City varies from 77% + 80%, the details are

shown in following table:

Table 2-2: Average monthly and annual air humidity at Nha Trang station (%)

2005 77 74 78

2006 77 77 76 75 76 75 79

2007 78 76 80 80 81 78 78 80 81 84 83 79

2008 81 79 81 81 80 78 76 78 81 81 85 82 80 Source: Statistic yearbook ofNha Trang City, 2008.


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2.1.2.5. Evaporation

Average annual evaporation is 3.2 mmJday equivalent to the annual rainfall, but focusing

on the dry months so the lack of water occurs in production and life.

Table 2-3: Total of monthly and annual evaporation capacity (mm)

Trang 133 115 123 117

Cam 152 130 140 125 141 159 155

Ranh

2.1.2.6. Solar radiation

Average annual hours of sunshine in Nha Trang City in 2008 was 2,404.7 hours. Total of

average daily sunshine hours is 6-7 hours. Variations of sunshine hours in months and

years in 2004-2008 are shown in the following table.

Table 2-4: Average monthly and annual sunshine hour variation in Nha Trang station (%)

2005 206.0 231.0

2006 136.5 190.4

2007 122.5

2008 157.3

Source: Statistic yearbook ofNha Trang City, 2008.

2.1.2.7. Typhoon

From 1976 to 2007, 11 hurricanes and 1 tropical depression landed on the territory of

Khanh Hoa. The strongest wind intensity was level 6, level 7 (39-61 km/h) accounting for

55%; level 8, level 9 (62-88K.m1h) accounts for 33%, level 10 (89-102 km/h) accounts for

12%.

Table 2-5: Some features of typhoons in Khanh Hoa

Cam Ranh Nha Trang Cam Ranh Nha Trang Cam Ranh Nha Trang

KhanhHoa 14/10/81 3/11178 23/10/92

20-S 26-W 98.5 133.3 98.5 20-NW 24-W 345 246 345 6-NE 20-E 222 103 130


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2.1.3. Ecosystem

The project area has very limited flora and fauna due to the urban development in recent years. The non-urban areas are widely used for agricultural purposes, which are mainly rice fields, shrimp farms. In the hills, cashew and coconut are grown.

No indigenous animal and vegetable breeds do exist in the region. Nearby beach area is mostly sand or sludge and offshore dip slope. Most nearest coral reefs is about 15km from the coast including Hon Mun Marine Protected Area, which is the most diverse place on coral of Vietnam.

The number of fish in eai and Tac rivers decline sharply in recently years according to local fishermen due to the fmishing and pollution from human activities. Over use of chemical, foodstuff for aqua farming cultivation, that effected water body quality.

2.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.2.1. Economic development situation

Nha Trang is one key economic area in Khanh Hoa Procince, the economic growth of the city is relatively high. The average annual GDP increases l3.13% (2003 - 2007), trade - services increases 15.54%, industrial output value increases 14.87%.

Total production value at current price of province in 2007 was 1,208,984,514 million VND. The details are shown in the following table:

Table 2-6: Production value at current price of Nha Trang City divided by economic sectors in 2005 - 2007

X~4~;',!)t~onoiDi~'$ec~4)1$'! i~!;:':i!'!i ·,1·,: ;':!2006i;,!!,>< '9!

Agriculture, Value (million 361,276 438,003 452,003

1 forestry, don r-----~----r---------_+--------_+------~--~

aquaculture Rate (%) 0.07% 0.06% 0.04% Investment, Value (million

5,850,949 6,206,667 6,302,511

1.14% 0.91% 0.52% 2 construction, VND)

r-----~----r---------_+--------_+------~~ industry Rate %

Value (million 505,364,000 678,545,000 1,202,230,000

3 Service, tourism VND) r-----~----r----------+--------_+--------~

Rate (%) 98.79% 99.03% 99.44% Value (million

511,576,225 685,189,670 1,208,984,514 Toal ~

r---~~----r---------_+--------_+--------~

Source: Statistical Yearbook ofNha Trang City in, 2008,

2.2.1.1. Development of industry

100% 100% 100%

In 2008, the value of industry production in Nha Trang is 6.672.540 million VND (by conversion price of 1994). Nha Trang has 2058 industrial establishments and small industries, with 31,396 employees, including state-owned enterprises. Nha Trang city has a share of 34.4% of the total value of industrial output across the province, mainly food industry, tobacco, textiles, clothing, leather dyeing, manufacture of metal products, wood appliances.


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2.2.1.2. Development of agriculture -forestry - aquaculture

- Agriculture: In first half of 2009, the total area of the cultivation is 2,061 ha. Winter-spring rice areas in period of 2008 - 2009 are 750 and 720 hectares with average productivity of 59.6 quintals per hectare. In late 2008, the city has granted support of 40.5 tons of seed rice due to flood damage to the communes, wards for sowing of winter-spring season with a total value of335 million VND.

- Fishery: the total fishing output is about 18,996 tons. For shrimp hatching, the fanning area of shrimp consist of 200 ha with a productivity of 145 tons/year.

The agricultural production value of Nha Trang City in 2008 is 70,059 million VND, of which the cultivation production value accounts for 63.88%, followed by the livestock raising production value which accounts for 32.7% and the value of the agricultural service sector accounts for 3.42%, the details are shown as follows:

Table 2-7: Production value of agriculture at current price of Nha Trang City

in period of 2004 - 2008 Unit: Million VND

""......,,=-:~r:-==

51,042 44,759 2. Livestock raising 34,207 22,931 3. Agricultural service 2,115 2,369 Total 87,364 66,379 69,556 71,470 70,059

Source: Statistical Yearbook ofNha Trang City in, 2008.

2.2.1.3. Tourism and services

Nha Trang is one of the popular tourist areas of the country and all over the world with famous landscapes: Nha Trang Beach, Vinpearl Land Bay, Thap Ba PoNagar, etc., which has become a highlight in tourism development, landscape conservation, contributing to economic development.

Tourism plays important role of major economic sectors in Nha Trang City, the tourism and service revenue dominates about 40% City's GDP. With nice and famous landscapes, the City attracts a huge tourists amount every years. In 2007, the total amount of tourists is 925.000 visitors, in which international tourists are 294.000 visitors. In 2008, due to effect of the global economic crisis, the amount of tourism visitors reduce, there are 776,000 visitors, in which the number of international tourists is 162,000 visitors. The total tourism revenue is 1,282,000 million VND and 773,704 million VND, respectively.

Items 2005 2006 2007 2008

Tourism revenue (million VND) 505,364 678,545 1,202,230 1,282,000

2.2.1.4. Cultural works

Khanh Roa province in general and Nha Trang City in particular has many valuable cultural and historical works. Especially the Cham relics still exist in many parts of the city, notably Ba Ponagar tower located in the North of Xom Bong Bridge, Vinh Rai



Ward, Nha Trang City. This is one of the largest Champa temples in the Central of Vietnam, which was built from 7th century to 12th century.

Long Son Pagoda at the foot of Trai Thuy Mountain is the largest Buddhist pagoda among more than 20 pagodas in Nha Trang, which was built in the 19th century.

In addition, Nha Trang has many cultural works, historical works such as Dong Bo War zone, Alexandre Yersin Relic, Tram Huong Tower, mountain church, and many other small temples, pagodas.

All cultural and historical works locate far from the project areas; therefore, there are no effects and damages to cultural and historical works in the area.

2.2.2. Social development situation

2.2.2.1. Population

By the end in 2008, the city has 19 wards and 8 communes and a total area of 252,596 km2, total population of 380,552 people, and average population density of 1,506 persons /km2• Total number of households is 83,220 households, on average of 4.5 persons per household. Average population of the City changed over the years from 2004 to 2008 which are shown in tables following:

Table 2-8: Average population of Nha Trang City 2004 - 2008

Source: Statistical Yearbook ofNha Trang City, 2008.

2.2.2.2. Culture

Nha Trang is a culture - society city. The authorities cooperate with the city's organizations and unions to conduct many information and communication activities, cultural activities, and sport tournaments to celebrate the important national days, anniversaries, political and economical events of the city. The City organized successfully the Ceremony of the Decision of Prime Minister on recognition of Nha Trang as a Grade I city directly under the province.

2.2.2.3. Education

There are 72 schools in Nha Trang City, including: 39 primary schools, 22 secondary schools, 01 secondary and high schools and 10 high schools with a total of 1,712 classes and 2,932 teachers and 63,673 pupils (2008).

2.2.2.4. Health service

In Nha Trang City, there are 04 hospitals; 06 local clinics, City maternity homes and 27 communes/wards medical stations. Infrastructure of the city's health sector is relatively good with large numbers of hospital beds and medical and pharmaceutical staffs.



2.3. CURRENT SITUATION OF TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURES

2.3.1. Flooding and inundations

Nha Trang City only has storm water drainage system with the limitation of capacity, the flooding and inundation sill happen in some areas ofNha Trang City, especially in rainy season. There is no wastewater drainage system, the dredging of drainage culverts and canals, etc. is very limited, the encroachment of residents and development of trees in some drainage ditches preventing traffic flow, accumulating of waste water causing pollutions and flooding after heavy rains.

2.3.2. Current situation of solid waste collection in Nha Trang City

2.3.2.1. Composition of solid waste

In 2009, the consultant Fichtner has conducted four waste analyses to show the difference of the particular sources. The following figures show the result of the composition of waste from four different waste generators: Households, restaurants, offices.

Sand,soil,stone 20/0

Paper 13

Ceram ic 1 0/0

Food waste 690/0

nylon+soft plastic 120/0

Cloth 3%

Figure 2-1: Composition of household waste

soft· box (styrofoam) 1 %

Shoes' 1 Uf_-__

Paper' 8%

Food-waste 65%

nylon+soft plastic 11 016

Cloth·5%

.... ..---~Glass,4%

Figure 2-2: Composition of waste from restaurants



Sand,s:oil,

Wood 1%

Paper 30/0

soft box (styrofoam) 1%

Shoes 20/0

Food waste 810/0

Nylon+soft plastic 50/0

Hard plastic 0/0

Cloth 1%

Figure 2-3: Composition of waste from market

Garden waste 21%

soft box ;tyrofoam) 1 %

7%

Rubber 2%

Electric waste 3%

Wood 6%

nylon+soft plastic 12%

Figure 2-4: Composition of waste from offices

2.3.2.2. Solid waste generation

• Existing solid waste generation

Cloth 2%

Food waste 16%

The following table shows the quantities of waste collected by URENCO in 2009 from the general public and small enterprises as shops, offices, restaurants and hotels and public institutions. These data include also the waste generated by the tourists.


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Table 2-9: Quantities of waste collected in 2009 (URENCO,2010)

Trips Waste Daily waste

Month Monthly average

days quantity quantity per

total per load person month per day

(pop385.482

tons No. tons/trip day tons kglpers*day

January 6,606 1,513 4.37 31 213 0.553

I February L 7,581 1,722 4.40 28 271 0.702 : March 8,324 1,950 4.27 31 269 0.697

• April 8,282 1,933 4.28 30 276 0.716

May 8,914 2,084 4.28 31 288 0.746

i June 8,949 2,164 4.14 30 298 0.774

July 9,091 2,170 4.19 31 293 0.761

August 8,769 2,107 4.16 31 283 0.734

September 8,270 1,990 4.16 30 276 0.715

October 8,509 2,051 4.15 31 274 0.712

November 9,340 2,271 4.11 30 311 0.808

December 8,709 2,030 ! 4.29 31 281 0.729

. Total 101,344 23,985 4.23 365 278 0.720

According to the data received from URENCO the average rate for collected waste in 2009 is only 0.72 kg per capita and day. This value is in contradiction to the design criteria of 1,3 kg/person and day. Data on the ratio of waste collected by the infonnal sector to be recycled is not available. Since the infonnal sector is collecting light recyclable materials like plastic and paper, the reduction of the total waste quantity is not as high to be considered in the calculation of the transportation capacity. The volume is more relevant regarding the intennediate storage within the waste bins. As long as there are no data available on the number of recyclers and the quantity and composition of recyclables it is not advisable to modify the given design criteria.

According to the data presented in Table 2-9 the yearly generation of waste has been

101.344 tons in 2009, this means the collection rate was below 70 %, compared with the estimation based on official baseline data. It has to be emphasized that the estimation is based on a design criteria, which seems a little high compared with international expenences.

The collection rate depends mainly on the access to the waste generators and how the general public assists by putting the waste properly where it can be collected by URENCO. All wide streets in the urban wards are serviced daily, the attached alleys are serviced 2 times a week. The rural communes are not serviced every day as reported by URENCO.


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• Future solid waste generation

In 2009 municipal waste includes besides household waste (garbage) also waste from shops, hotels, restaurants, offices and small scale industries. The daily waste collection includes also the waste generated by the tourists collected from hotels, restaurants and the beach.

Present waste generators will be also waste generators in the future. But there will be a significant change in Nha Trang: The tourist industry will bring more tourists during the specific seasons and therefore the quantity of waste will presumably change from month to month. The present data base is not sufficient to project the waste generation of tourist in detail. The tourist will increase the volume of packing waste according to their consumption profile. The consultant predicts that this increase will be absorbed by the recyclers rather than added to the general waste. Since the design criteria for the future waste generation are quite high the Consultant does recommends to add a tourist factor.

Table 2-10: Predicted solid waste quantities generating in Nha Trang Unit: kg! day

Phuong Son 12,694 13,742 15,173 16,917

Phuong Sai 13,241 14,335 15,827 17,647

Vinh Hai 30,832 33,379 36,853 41,089 45,812

VinhPhuoc 36,013 38,988 43,045 47,993 53,510

Vinh Tho 13,523 14,640 16,163 18,021 20,093

VinhHoa 20,139 21,803 24,072 26,839 29,924

VinhLuong 19,495 21,105 23,302 25,980 28,967

i Vinh Phuong 16,668 18,045 19,923 22,213 24,766

Van Thang 14,204 15,377 16,978 18,929 21,105

XuongHuan 14,110 i 15,275 16,865 18,804 20,965

Van Thanh 15,002 16,242 17,932 19,993 22,291

Loc Tho 15,810 17,116 18,897 21,069 23,491

Phuoc Hoa 15,920 17,235 19,029 21,216 23,655

Tan Lap 17,649 19,107 21,096 23,520 26,224

Phuoc Tan 17,739 19,205 21,203 23,641 26,358

Phuoc Tien 11,654 12,617 13,930 15,531 17,317

! Phuoc Hai 26,277 28,448 31,409 35,019 39,044

Phuoc Long 36,916 39,965 44,125 49,197 54,852

Vinh Thai 13,024 14,100 15,567 17,357 19,352

Phuoc Dong 25,793 27,924 30,830 34,374 i 38,325


Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

Vinh Ngoc

. Vinh Thanh 14,684 15,897 19,569 21,819

VinhHiep 10,375 11,232 12,401 13,826 15,415

Vinh Trung 10,804 11,697 12,914 14,399 16,054

VinhNguyen 26,987 29,216 32,257 35,965 40,099 i

Vinh Truong 20,977 22,710 25,074 27,956 31,169

Total 517,816 560,589 618,935 690,080 769,403

2.3.2.3. Current Situation ofUrhan Waste Collection

Nearly 100% quantity of wastes has been collected in the inner city wards ofNha Trang, despite of the fact that it is very difficult to collect all of wastes from small and narrow roads, alleys and riverbanks where the local villagers still have a habit of free discharging their wastes directly to the rivers. The solid waste management is described as follows:

, ! i ! Public I I 110' I

! insiifutions I i I waste I houses along

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I Remole houses H Collection i I in narrow alleys

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I Recycling dealers

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Existing methods of collection:

• The household gathers their family waste bags to the collection points on the roads waiting for dump trucks to collect;

• Collection by trolleys: Wastes shall be collected from the streets, residential areas, along the alleys by trolleys. These trolleys shall later gather at the "waste collection points" waiting for the dump trucks to collect.

• Public dustbins: Some streets and residential areas are provided with dustbins with a capacity of 140 liters and 240 liters. Households around these areas shall pour their wastes into such dustbins. Dump trucks shall collect wastes from these dustbins.


•


• Market wastes: Solid wastes arisen from the shops shall be put in baskets and then transferred to an intermediate waste conveyance point within the markets. Normally, the intermediate waste conveyance points within the markets are not properly designed.

Currently, almost of the dump trucks in Nha Trang City do not have lifting equipment, thus the workers must use canvas as lifting tools to load collected waste into the dump trucks. The wastes shall be put on the canvas and 4 workers will raise the canvas to load the wastes on the trucks.

2.3.2.4. Current Situation of Waste Collection from the Islands

At present, URENCO has been in charge of collecting wastes from almost of the islands except for the Vinpearl Resort. According to the URENCO, total quantity of population on the islands is estimated 3,000 persons living in about 700 households that belong to Vinh Nguyen ward. Those persons living at the aquatic farms for raising lobsters and shrimps are now discharging a lot of special wastes. According to the URENCO, the quantity of wastes daily collected from islands as follows:

- Tri Nguyen Island: 22 barrels of240 liters;

- Bich Dam Island: 5 barrels of240 liters;

- Dam Vinh Island: 2 barrels of240 liters;

- Hon Mot Island: 2 barrels of240 liters;

- Vung Ngan Island: 5 barrels of240 liters.

Wastes from the households and streets are directly collected by the URENCO's workers and stored in the dustbins at the collection points until they are conveyed by boats to the mainland. Currently, URENCO has not been in charge of collecting wastes from the Vinpearl Resort. Instead, the wastes therein are collected and conveyed to the Ru Ri Landfill by its staff in charge.

2.3.2.5. Current Situation of Medical Waste Collection and Treatment

Toxic wastes from the hospitals such as infection-risk wastes, chemical contaminated wastes, etc. These wastes are classified and safely treated at the incinerators of the Dermatology Hospital.

2.3.2.6. Current Situation of Collection of Construction Waste and Debris

Construction waste and debris (C&D) is a mixture of construction materials and other components used at the construction sites such as pieces of wood, metal or plastic broken pieces. It is rather expensive to convey such C&D that is normally used for the site leveling within the construction projects in the city as an alternative. Debris is transported to the Landfills. Normally, debris is sold on a basis of measuring by vehicle trips. Only debris mixed with other urban wastes shall be allowed to be conveyed to the Ru Ri Landfill.

2.3.2.7. Current Situation of Industrial Waste Collection (Hazardous Wastes)

Currently, only a few factories in Nha Trang are discharging industrial wastes, especially toxic wastes. Collection and treatment of such toxic wastes shall be undertaken and paid by the discharging factories themselves. These factories often hire private companies to


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Coastal Cities Environmental Sanitation Project (CCESP) - Phase 2 Nha Trang City Sub~project Component 3 - Solid Waste Management

conduct collection and treatment of toxic wastes. Until 2010, the collection of toxic industrial wastes has not been undertaken by the URENCO.

2.3.2.8. Solid Wastes in Rivers and Beaches

URENCO has, at present, used a special kind of equipment for cleaning beaches. However, it is also necessary to take proper measures to mitigate solid wastes from the upstream areas to the sea. Boats have been used by URENCO for fishing the floating wastes out of water in the Cai River. However, capacity and effects of this boat is very low.

2.4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

2.4.1. Air environment

In order to evaluate the air environmental situation in project area, the Consultant conducted survey, measurement of some targets of air environmental quality at the expected construction locations of the transferring solid waste station, access T - junction between Nguyen Khuyen and April3rd road; T- junction between Tan Trang and Nguyen Hong Son street; opposite the way go to Be gate on Vo Thi Sau road. The air quality in those areas can be affected by smell, smoke, dust, noise, fly... which is caused by transferring solid waste station operation.

The environmental parameters were measured at the most typical locations for the basic air quality and reflect fairly accurately the current situation of preparing areas for project construction. The samples were taken continuously in Ihour; dust indicators PMIO and lead dust were measured in 24 consecutive hours. Monitoring locations were at 1; 7.5; 15; 30; 60m a part from selected site at the height of 1.2 to 1.5 m. The average value was taken and shown in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11: Results of ambient air quality

2

3 Wind speed

4 Suspended dust 0.3 QCVN 05:2008

5 Dust PM 10 0.01 0.15 QCVN 05:2008

6 CO 12.5 11.9 13.1 30 QCVN 05:2008

7 N02 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.2 QCVN 05:2008

8 S02 0.09 0.18 0.13 0.35 QCVN 05:2008

9 H2S 0.18

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT · 2016. 7. 10. · khanh hoa prov1ncial people's committee nha trang city environmental sanitation project management unit . environmental impact

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