ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS: EXPERIENCES IN HUNGARY Tibor Málnási, É. Vaskövi, G. Nádor, A. Páldy “József Fodor” National Center for Public Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
Jan 21, 2016
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS:
EXPERIENCES IN HUNGARY
Tibor Málnási, É. Vaskövi, G. Nádor,
A. Páldy “József Fodor” National Center for Public Health,
National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary
• Hungary has been involved in the WHO/ECEH project “Environmental Health Indicators for the WHO European Region” since the beginning.
• After the evaluation of the feasibility study, the data collection started.
• The software tool for the date collection and management (EuroIndy) was developed by the help of the National Institute of Environmental Health, in Hungary
• During the data collection and the assessment several difficulties were discovered:
• some data are not available in Hungary,
• others are not available according to the requirements,
• it was difficult to identify the data holders and the cooperation between the different institutes was not sufficient.
• The “Exposure to urban ambient air pollutants” is a key indicator, summarizing important environmental and health information. Several difficulties emerged in Hungary during the data collection and the computation of this indicator.
• One key element is the identification of the population that is relevant to the measured pollutant concentration.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
fra
cti
on
of
po
pu
lati
on
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
TSP, μg/m3
0-5days
0 days
TSP annualmean
Exposure of population to daily average TSP concentrationabove 230 μg/m3 in Budapest
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
frac
tio
n o
f p
op
ula
tio
n
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
TSP, µg/m3
71-90days
51-70days
31-50days
11-30days
0-10days
0 days
TSP annualmean
Exposure of population to daily average TSP concentrationabove national standard (100 μg/m3) in Budapest
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
frac
tio
n o
f p
op
ula
tio
n
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
SO2, µg/m3
>9days
4-9days
0-3days
0 days
SO2annualmean
Exposure of population to daily average SO2 concentration
above 125 μg/m3 in Budapest
Population weighted exposure to NO2 exceeding
40 μg/m3 annual mean in Budapest
0
2
4
6
8
10
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
µg
/m3 x
ye
ar
0
20
40
60
80
100
NO2, µg/m3
41-60µg/m3
61-80µg/m3
81-100µg/m3
NO2 annualmean
• A GIS method was used • in a selected city (Budapest), • for a selected pollutant (NO2), • to identify the relevant population for the
concentration measured by a passive monitoring.
• For the characterization of the exposure, concentration categories were used.
Assessment of EHI by WHO
exposure
population
concentration
Limit value
EXPy = ( Pi/P) * (Cyi – RV y )
NO2, SO2, O3
PM10, TSP, BS,
Air pollution exposure assessment
• Location Budapest
• Component NO2
• Timeframe 2001 - 2002 / quarter of a year
• Duration of exposure 1 week• No of sampling points 80 (10% traffic)• Methods
– sampling: passive monitoring– analyzis: photometry
Population categories
• 0 - 14 year
• 15 - 64 year
• > 65 year
Categories of air pollution (µgm3)
17/2001 (VIII.3.) directive of MinEnv
NO2
Lower threshold < 26
Upper threshold 26 – 32
Limit value 32 – 40
1,5 * LV 40 – 60
2 *LV 60 – 80
> 2 *LV > 80
LV
NO2 pollution (µgm3) by sampling points
Spatial distribution of NO2 pollution (µgm3)
2001-2002
40-60
32-40
26-32
<26
60-80
Yearly mean pollution of NO2 by age groups (1)
79
21
82
18
80
20
72
28
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
összeslakosság
lakossá g(10-14)
lakosság (14-65év )
lakosság (>65év)
>LV
<LV
Yearly mean pollution of NO2 by age groups (2)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
<26 26-32 32-40 40-60 60-80 >80 µg/m3
>65 y
14-65 y
0-14 y
NO2 indicator
0
1
2
3
4
5
súlyozott
konc.,µg/m3
20 40 konc.,µg/m3
összes lakosság lakosság (0-14) lakosság (14-65) lakosság (>65év)
Summary I.
• The fraction of population exposed to TSP and SO2 concentration exceeding the RV showed a decreasing tendency
• The population weighted exposure to NO2 incerased during the first 3 years, later decreased
Summary II.• The results of GIS analysis of the spatial distribution of NO2 exposure showed:• Highest exposed area: downtown• Highest exposed group of population:
– > 65 y
• >Percentage of exposed population to NO2 over the limit value: 28%