Regulatory Affairs Product Safety Consulting Training Environmental Fate Modelling February 23 rd 2012 Regulatory Affairs Product Safety Consulting Training FOCUS STEP 4 23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 2 Any questions about yesterday?
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Environmental Fate Modelling
February 23rd 2012
Regulatory Affairs Product Safety Consulting Training
FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 2
Any questions about yesterday?
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RECAPITULATION
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 3
Assumptions at Step 1:
• Entry routes: Spray drift, runoff, drainage
• Application: the total dose rate is applied as
one single application
• Substance data: DT50 total system, solubility
in water, Koc value
• Use related assumption: spray drift values for
a single application
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RECAPITULATION
28 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 4
Assumptions in Step 2:
• Entry routes: spray drift, runoff, drainage
• Application rate for multiple applications (g/ha)
• Specification of the season of application
• Substance properties: DT50 total system, solubility in water,
KOC value, DT50 soil, DT50 water, DT50 sediment
• Use related assumptions: spray drift values for multiple
applications, interception valueSous
• Regional specification: Northern and Southern Europe
North
South
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RECAPITULATION
28 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 5
Assumptions in Step 3:
• Entry routes: Spray drift, runoff, drainage
• Application rate for multiple applications (g/ha)
• Specification of the season of application and of the
chemical application method
• Substance properties: DT50 total system, solubility in
water, KOC value, DT50 soil, DT50 water, DT50 sediment and
vapour pressure
• Use related assumptions: spray drift values for multiple
applications, interception values, application window
• Regional specification of 10 scenarios across Europe
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RECAPITULTION
FOCUS sw scenarios
10 locations :
– 6 drainage scenarios
– 4 runoff scenarios
– Spray drift occurring at all locations
28 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 6
Lanna
Skousbo
Brimston Vredepeel
La Jailliere
Thiva
Weiherbach
BolognaPorto
Roujan
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 7
What about today?
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 8
− Step 4 Theory
− Step 4 Excercise
− Excercise
What about today?
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FOCUS STEP 4
STEP 1: Single application, one standard scenario
STEP 2: Multiple application, two standard scenarios (North and South Europe)
STEP 3: 10 realistic worst case scenarios
STEP 4: Refined modelling
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 10
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 11
Step 4 modelling options:
• Changes to the modelling to incorporate the use of risk mitigation measure
• Changes to individual model parameters
substance or GAP related refinements
• Complex refinements
creation of new scenarios, use of monitoring data, probabilisticapproaches, catchment models (GIS)
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 12
FOCUS surface water Steps 1-3 represents a harmonised approach for conducting lower-tier exposure assessments
Guidance is also needed to manage the risks identified at Step 3 level
� FOCUS Working Group on Landscape and Mitigation Factors in Ecological Risk Assessment*
Recommendations for
• Higher tier exposure assessments
• Implementation of mitigation measures
* FOCUS (2007). “Landscape And Mitigation Factors In Aquatic Risk Assessment. Volume 1. Extended Summary and Recommendations”. Report of the FOCUS Working Group on Landscape and Mitigation Factors in Ecological Risk Assessment, EC Document Reference SANCO/10422/2005 v2.0 169 pp.
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 13
Sup-topics of FOCUS L&M:
� Development of harmonised approaches to mitigation measures
� Incorporating modelling refinements and mitigation into the aquatic exposure assessment at Step 4
� Methods and data for describing agricultural landscapes
� Ecological considerations in landscape assessment
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FOCUS STEP 4
Reducing of risk with
• Drift buffer (drift buffer & nozzle reduction)
• Runoff entries (vegtated filter strips)
• Drainage entries
• All entry pathways
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 14
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FOCUS STEP 4 – NO-SPRAY ZONES
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 15
Mitigation option to reduce spray drift entries: buffer strip (no-spray zone)
Reduced spray drift values (Rautmann-values)
Safe use demonstrated using a drift rate of 0.29% in the modelling
���� Managemnt measure: 10m buffer between field and water body
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FOCUS STEP 4 - SDRT
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 16
Mitigation option to reduce spray drift entries: Spray drift reducing technology (SDRT)
Reduced losses via spray drift when drift reducing spray nozzles are used
during applications
Classification by percent reduction:
• 50% reduction
• 75% reduction
• 90% reduction
• 99% reduction (only few products exist)
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FOCUS STEP 4
SDRT – Spray Drift Reduction Technology
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 17
Reference cross flow spraying machine (Munckhof) Wanner sprayer with reflection shields
Quelle: LfL
Quelle: Wenneker & van de Zande (2008)
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FOCUS STEP 4 -VFS
Vegetated Filter Strips (VFS)
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 18
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FOCUS STEP 4 - DRAINAGE
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 19
Mitigation option to reduce drainage losses:
Reduction of the application rate
�similar reduction of substance losses with drainflow
Restriction of the application window
�avoiding applications before the winter drainflow period
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FOCUS STEP 4 – INPUT PARAMETERS
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 20
Refinement of Step 3 Input-Parameters
- Chemical input parameters (sorption, degradation on plant surface,
wash-off factor from crop surface, additional water sediment
studies, dissipation processes)
- Application data
- BBCH-stage
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FOCUS STEP 4 – LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 21
Further mitigation options:
• Landscape analysis
– Focusing on specific regions or catchments
– Implementing real conditions
(size of upstream catchment, 10% of area treated,…)
– Refine the model simulations using real environmental data (soil, climate)
– Spacial analysis (GIS analysis)
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FOCUS STEP 4 – LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 22
0 100 200 300 40050Meters
Landcover Class
Arable Crop
Bare
Brush
Grass
Orchard Crops
Trees
Urban
Vine Crops
Landscape analysis Statistical evaluations of crop density and distances between crops and adjacent surface water can be obtained using GIS analyses of aerial or satellite imagery
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FOCUS STEP 4
Risk mitigation
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 23
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FOCUS STEP 4
SWAN-Tool (Surface Water Assessment eNabler)• Developed from ECPA (European Crop Protection
Association)• Step 4 Modelling with mitigation measures
• Mitigation measures according to FOCUS L&M (Run-off and drift mitigation)
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 24
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FOCUS STEP 4
Drift mitigation�No-spray buffer zones�Nozzle reduction
Run-off�VFS (10m or 20m)
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 25
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 26
� FOCUS Landscape&Mitigation guidance (2007, vol. 1, S. 33)
FOCUS L&M Runoff-values
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 27
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 28
Choose existing Step 3 Project
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 29
Create new folder and use as output project.
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 30
Select mitigation options to
be applied!
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 31
Runoff-Mitigation; different factors
(10m or 20m) can be applied
� According to FOCUS L&M (2007, vol. 1), table 7, p. 33
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 32
Nozzle reduction
Select buffer width
(Drop down menu)
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 33
Set to run TOSWA
immediately
Creates inut files
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 34
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 35
TOXSWA run with selected mitigation measures
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 36
SWAN log file with selected mitigation options
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 37
Results for the TOXSWA Runs
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 38
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 39
Go to SWAN_log.txt to check the mitigation options chosen
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 40
Check mitigation
measures
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 41
Results are displayed
in xxxx.sum; identical
to Step 3
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 42
Step 4 Excercise with SWAN:
Calculations (Use existing Step 3 calculations: Excercise Step 3)
1. 10 m no-spray buffer zones
2. 10 m with no-spray buffer zone and VFS (60% runoff volume, runoff
flux, 85% bei erosion mass, erosion flux => Input with 0.6 and 0.85)
3. 20 m no-spray buffer zones
4. 20 m with no-spray buffer zone and VFS (80% runoff volume, runoff flux,
95% erosion mass, erosion flux => Input with 0.8 and 0.95)
� Deposition should not be considered!!
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 43
Presentations of results
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FOCUS STEP 4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 44
Step 4 Excercise with SWAN – Results for Step 4:
R4s PECsw(µg/L)
PECsed(µg/kg)
Main entry
10m drift buffer 18.888 3.040 Spray
10m drift & runoff
buffer
18.888 3.040 Spray
20m drift buffer 4.889 1.632 Spray
20m drift &runoff
buffer
4.889 0.805 Spray
Regulatory Affairs Product Safety Consulting Training23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 45
LUNCH
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FOCUS STEP 1-4
23 February 2012 FOCUSsw - Part I 46
Excercise –Group Work 1-10