Environmental Endocrine Disruption Environmental Endocrine Disruption In San Francisco Bay Fish In San Francisco Bay Fish Effects Assessment Effects Assessment Kevin Kelley Kevin Kelley 1-3 1-3 , Jesus Reyes , Jesus Reyes 1-3 1-3 , , Rusty Fairey Rusty Fairey 4 , Zed Mason , Zed Mason 2,3 2,3 , Cathy , Cathy Propper Propper 5 , Julianne Kalman , Julianne Kalman 1,2, 1,2,3 1 EEL --Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory , Marine Biology EEL --Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory , Marine Biology Program Program 2 IIRMES --Institute for Integrated Research on Materials, IIRMES --Institute for Integrated Research on Materials, Environment & Society Environment & Society 3 CEPA --Center for Education in Proteomics Analysis CEPA --Center for Education in Proteomics Analysis California State University, Long Beach California State University, Long Beach 4 Marine Pollution Laboratory, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine Pollution Laboratory, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories 5 Northern Arizona University Northern Arizona University
34
Embed
Environmental Endocrine Disruption In San Francisco Bay Fish Effects Assessment Kevin Kelley 1-3, Jesus Reyes 1-3, Rusty Fairey 4, Zed Mason 2,3, Cathy.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Environmental Endocrine Disruption Environmental Endocrine Disruption In San Francisco Bay Fish In San Francisco Bay Fish
Effects AssessmentEffects Assessment
Kevin KelleyKevin Kelley1-31-3, Jesus Reyes, Jesus Reyes1-31-3, Rusty , Rusty FaireyFairey44, Zed Mason, Zed Mason2,32,3, Cathy , Cathy PropperPropper55, Julianne Kalman, Julianne Kalman1,2,1,2,33
22IIRMES --Institute for Integrated Research on Materials, Environment & IIRMES --Institute for Integrated Research on Materials, Environment & SocietySociety
33CEPA --Center for Education in Proteomics AnalysisCEPA --Center for Education in Proteomics Analysis
California State University, Long BeachCalifornia State University, Long Beach
. . . respond to presence of environmental . . . respond to presence of environmental factors (stressors) to a degree factors (stressors) to a degree commensurate with the need to maintain commensurate with the need to maintain homeostasishomeostasis
. . . endocrine disturbances observed are . . . endocrine disturbances observed are typically indicative of the type of typically indicative of the type of environmental factor(s) actingenvironmental factor(s) acting
Monitoring programs can take advantage of endocrine disruptionendocrine disruption as a sensitive sensitive
screening toolscreening tool to assess effects assess effects (impacts)(impacts)
of water/environmental quality & specific contaminant effects
Endocrine-disrupting Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)chemicals (EDCs) are present in are present in
marine and marine and estuarine estuarine
environments, environments, particularly along highly particularly along highly
Thryoxine (T4) Levels in Shiner Thryoxine (T4) Levels in Shiner SurfperchSurfperch
0
20
40
60
80
100
San PabloBay
Berkeley Waterfront
RedwoodCity
Oakland Inner Harbor
Tomales Bay
(8) (13) (17) (12) (5)
Pla
sma T
hyro
xin
e
Pla
sma T
hyro
xin
e
(T4
) (T
4)
Conce
ntr
ati
on,
Conce
ntr
ati
on,
ng/m
lng/m
l
Pacific Pacific StaghoStaghorn rn SculpiSculpinn
Thryoxine (T4) Levels in Pacific Thryoxine (T4) Levels in Pacific Staghorn SculpinStaghorn Sculpin
0
20
40
60
80
100
San PabloBay
Berkeley Waterfront
RedwoodCity
Oakland Inner Harbor
Tomales Bay
(8) (11) (13) (19) (17) (19) (12) (9) (5) (14)
Pla
sma T
hyro
xin
e
Pla
sma T
hyro
xin
e
(T4
) (T
4)
Conce
ntr
ati
on,
Conce
ntr
ati
on,
ng/m
lng/m
l
ShinerShiner
SurfpeSurfperchrch
Pacific Pacific StaghoStaghorn rn SculpiSculpinn
Thryoxine (T4) Levels in SF Bay Thryoxine (T4) Levels in SF Bay FishFish
Environmental Contaminants are Environmental Contaminants are Implicated in Thyroid Endocrine Implicated in Thyroid Endocrine
Disruption:Disruption:
……e.g., Phenols, Hg, Cd impair thyroxogenesis in thyroid e.g., Phenols, Hg, Cd impair thyroxogenesis in thyroid follicle cells in fish follicle cells in fish (Bhattacharya et al., ‘89)(Bhattacharya et al., ‘89)
……e.g., endosulfan, Aroclor 1254 and selected PCBs e.g., endosulfan, Aroclor 1254 and selected PCBs decrease T4 levels in fish, via effects on decrease T4 levels in fish, via effects on iodotyrosine iodotyrosine diodinasesdiodinases (Coimbra et al., ‘05; LeRoy et al., ‘06)(Coimbra et al., ‘05; LeRoy et al., ‘06)
……e.g., ioxynil, certain PCBs and PBDEs bind e.g., ioxynil, certain PCBs and PBDEs bind transthyretintransthyretin and TRs with high affinities, altering T4 and T3 levels/ and TRs with high affinities, altering T4 and T3 levels/ actions in fish actions in fish (Tomy et al., ‘04; Lema et al., ‘06; Morgado et al., (Tomy et al., ‘04; Lema et al., ‘06; Morgado et al., ‘07)‘07)
STRESS STRESS RESPONSE RESPONSE ENDOCRINENDOCRINE SYSTEME SYSTEM
0
400
800
1200
1600
Redwood City
Oakland Inner
Harbor
Berkeley Waterfro
nt
San Pablo Bay
21 13 21 10
Shiner SurfperchPla
sma C
ort
isol
Conce
ntr
ati
on (
ng/m
l)
aa aa
bb
bb
Stress ResponseStress Response
0
400
800
1200
Redwood City
Oakland Inner
Harbor
Berkeley Waterfro
nt
San Pablo Bay
17 16 13 19
Pacific Staghorn SculpinPacific Staghorn Sculpin
Pla
sma C
ort
isol
Conce
ntr
ati
on (
ng/m
l) aa aa
bb
cc
Stress ResponseStress Response
Other wild fish species living in Other wild fish species living in affected marine environments exhibit affected marine environments exhibit
impairment of their impairment of their neuroendocrine stress response neuroendocrine stress response
systemsystem
...experimental studies have ...experimental studies have shown that contaminants, shown that contaminants,
--such as PCBs-- --such as PCBs-- impair stress responses in fishimpair stress responses in fish
((Quabius et al., 2005; Vijayan et al., 2006Quabius et al., 2005; Vijayan et al., 2006))
• Several contaminants measured at high Several contaminants measured at high concentrations in shiner perch and Pacific concentrations in shiner perch and Pacific staghorn sculpinstaghorn sculpin
• Relatively higher levels of contaminants in Relatively higher levels of contaminants in livers of Pacific staghorn sculpinlivers of Pacific staghorn sculpin
• Feasible to correlate individual liver Feasible to correlate individual liver contaminant concentrations with contaminant concentrations with endocrine and physiological indices endocrine and physiological indices
Year – 2 Year – 2 StudiesStudies
under under wayway
San Pablo Bay San Pablo Bay (Loch Lohmand Marina) (Loch Lohmand Marina)
I.I. Endocrine responses Endocrine responses and/orand/or endocrine disruption endocrine disruption serve as serve as sensitive bio-markerssensitive bio-markers of environmental of environmental perturbations perturbations
II.II. Endocrine systems areEndocrine systems are::
--highly --highly sensitivesensitive to environmental to environmental stressorsstressors
----respond proportionallyrespond proportionally to the need to to the need to maintain maintain homeostasishomeostasis
--show alterations --show alterations reflective of the kind of reflective of the kind of stressor(s) stressor(s) presentpresent (different EDCs affect (different EDCs affect different endocrine different endocrine axes via distinct axes via distinct underlying mechanisms)underlying mechanisms)
SUMMARY POINTSSUMMARY POINTS
III. III. Endocrine-disrupted conditions are observed in Endocrine-disrupted conditions are observed in SF Bay fishSF Bay fish (urban, industrial, boat marinas)(urban, industrial, boat marinas)
IV. Endocrine disruption is IV. Endocrine disruption is evident in different fish evident in different fish speciesspecies
V. Endocrine disruption is V. Endocrine disruption is occurring in different occurring in different endocrine systemsendocrine systems (stress, thyroid, reproduction, growth (stress, thyroid, reproduction, growth
VI. There may be VI. There may be interactions among endocrine interactions among endocrine systemssystems (means wider impacts on physiological (means wider impacts on physiological performance)performance)
SUMMARY SUMMARY POINTSPOINTScontinuedcontinued
A.A. Identification of specific chemicals associated Identification of specific chemicals associated with endocrine disruptionwith endocrine disruption
B. Understand mechanisms and test candidate B. Understand mechanisms and test candidate EDCs, to establish cause and effectEDCs, to establish cause and effect
C. Build models to estimate ecologically relevant C. Build models to estimate ecologically relevant performance alterations from measures of performance alterations from measures of endocrine disruption endocrine disruption (growth, reproduction, (growth, reproduction, disease/parasitism)disease/parasitism)
D. Determine contaminant thresholds of effectsD. Determine contaminant thresholds of effects
E. Use new technologies (proteomics) to build E. Use new technologies (proteomics) to build integrated phenotypic biomarker fingerprintsintegrated phenotypic biomarker fingerprints (multifactorial screen) (multifactorial screen)
DIRECTIONDIRECTION
Long Beach Env’l. Long Beach Env’l. Endo. Lab.Endo. Lab.
Jesus Reyes, Kathy Sak, Andrew Hamilton, Becki Hagstrom, Maelanie Galima, Dawn Petschauer, Navdeep Brar, Tiffany Price, Tuan Truong, Dana Cianfrani, Shari Smolko, Tami Gonzalez, Claire Wingard, Kenna Koons, Julianne Kalman, Scott Adams, Wendy Hall