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Environmental Assessment and Environment Management Framework
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Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
Page 1 of 132
Bihar Integrated Social Protection
Strengthening Project
Environmental Assessment
and
Environment
Management Framework
October 5, 2013
(Draft)
Government of Bihar
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Typewritten Text
E4005 REV
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
9. Tirhut Muzaffarpur 6 East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Sheohar,
Sitamarhi, Vaishali, West Champaran
These 38 districts are further divided into 101 administrative sub-divisions called Tehsils
and 534 Development Blocks.
Table 2.12 : Administrative Set-up – A Summary
Details 2001 2011
No. of Divisions 9 9
No. of Districts 37 38
No. of Sub-Districts 101 101
No. of Towns 130 199
No. of Villages 45,098 44,875
Bihar – Administrative Divisions (Districts)
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
Page 33 of 132
In pursuance of the 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution, Bihar has 8463
rural local bodies and 141 urban local bodies towards strengthening grassroots
governance. Districts-wise details of sub-divisions, blocks and urban and rural local
bodies across the State are given at Annexure 1 and a summary is presented in Table
2.12 above.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
Page 34 of 132
Section 3 : Overview of Policy and Regulatory Requirements
This section deals with the laws and regulations of Government of India and Government
of Bihar related to environment as are relevant in the context of the project. This section
also presents the applicable policies of the World Bank.
3.1 National Laws and Regulations
The sub-section needs to be updated as when new policies, laws and are made and
enforced or the existing ones are revised.
Table 3.1 Key Regulations and Their Applicability to the Project
Act Relevance to the Project Applicability
Environment
(Protection) Act
1986
Emission standards are applicable for
construction activities. Emission or
discharge of pollutants beyond the
specified standards is not permissible.
Environmental Clearance has to be
obtained for certain specific type of
activities mentioned in the Act.
Yes. Environmental
Clearance will not be
required but environmental
protection has to be ensured
during building construction.
The Air (Prevention
And Control of
Pollution) Act 1981
Discharge of any air pollutants into the
atmosphere should be within the
prescribed standards.
Yes. Applies to all activities
involving air emissions such
as civil/ construction work.
Water (Prevention
and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974
Any polluting matter must not be
released into stream or well or sewer or
on land.
Yes. Applicable to all
activities involving waste
water discharges such as
building construction work
and specific activities
(drainage and road works)
under MGNREGS.
The Noise Pollution
(Regulation And
Control) Rules, 2000
Compliance with noise limits prescribed
by Central Pollution Control Board for
Diesel Generator Sets (up to 1000 KVA)
must be ensured.
Yes. Applicable to Diesel
Generator Sets (in Buniyad
Centers) and other noise
generating equipment in use
during building construction.
The Forest
Conservation Act,
1980
Forest land should not be used for any
non-forest purposes. In case any
proposed activity involves forest land, it
is necessary that permission is taken
from the Department of Forests.
No. Screening process will
ascertain that sub-projects
requiring forest land
diversion are excluded from
the project.
Bihar Timber & Other
Forest Produce Transit
Rules) Amended
Guidelines, 2002
The permission of the Gram Panchayat
Mukhiya is required for felling and
transport of trees from village premises.
Yes. Applicable to felling of
trees and use of timber in
construction works.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Act Relevance to the Project Applicability
Indian Forest (Bihar
Amendment) Act,
1989
The following activities are prohibited in
reserved and protected forests: clearing
or damaging trees, quarrying stone,
clearing or breaking land for cultivation,
etc. In case any proposed activity
involves reserved and protected forests,
it is necessary that permission is taken
from the Forest Department.
No. Screening process will
ascertain that sub-projects
requiring forest land
diversion are excluded from
the project.
Wild Life (Protection)
Act, 1972
Destruction, exploitation or removal of
any forest produce from a sanctuary or
the destruction or diversification of
habitat, or the diversion, stoppage or
enhancement of the flow of water into or
outside the sanctuary, etc., is prohibited
without a permit granted by the Chief
Wildlife Warden. No person shall enter a
sanctuary without permission.
No. Screening process will
ascertain that sub-projects
requiring wildlife areas/
clearance are excluded from
the project.
Bio-Medical Waste
(Management and
Handling) Rules,
1998
Bio-medical waste needs to be treated
and disposed of in accordance with the
procedure and in compliance with the
standards prescribed in the Rules. The
institution generating bio-medical waste
is required to set up requisite bio-medical
waste treatment facilities, or, ensure
requisite treatment of waste at a common
waste treatment facility or any other
waste treatment facility.
Yes. Applicable in case any
bio-medical waste
generation takes place at the
Buniyad Centers. However,
the nature and quantum of
wastes generated is likely to
be quite small considering
the nature of services
envisaged under the project.
Supreme Court
Order Writ Petition
(c) No. 36 2009
Bore wells must be secured (barriers,
filling up, etc.) during construction, repair
and in case of abandonment to prevent
accidental falls into bore holes.
Yes. Applicable to bore well
digging undertaken for
construction purposes for
Buniyad Centers in the
project and for irrigation
bore wells under MGNREGS.
Bihar Ground Water
(Regulation &
Control of
Development and
Management) Act,
2006
Rain water harvesting structures are
mandatory for structures in the building
plan in an area of 1000 sq. m. or more.
Existing users of ground water are also
required to register themselves with the
Ground Water Authority.
No. The main construction
activity of Buniyad Centers
under the project is much
smaller than 1000 sq. m.
Bihar Irrigation
Laws, 1922
Sanction of the collector is required to
construct any new irrigation channel
taking off from any river or stream within
the limits specified in the notification by
State Government.
Yes. Applicable to irrigation
works under MGNREGS. The
manuals/process/procedure
strengthening related to
MGNREGS works and staff
training will cover this legal
requirements.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Act Relevance to the Project Applicability
Bihar Irrigation Act,
1997
Every owner whose tank, well, pond or
any other water body situated above any
irrigation work shall maintain the bunds
and surplus arrangements in safe and
efficient conditions.
Excavation of wells near the irrigation
works for domestic use either on personal
or community basis shall be done with in
the distance specified by the State
Government from time to time.
Yes. Applicable to irrigation
works under MGNREGS. The
manuals/process/procedure
strengthening related to
MGNREGS works and staff
training will cover this legal
requirements.
Bihar Jalkar
Management Act,
2007
Putting any obstruction restricting the
movement of fish shall be prohibited in
rivers and reservoir.
Drawing of water from tanks, reservoirs
and mauns for irrigation shall be
prohibited.
District Fisheries Officer may order for
drawing of water for irrigation when the
water level is minimum average five feet
in these jalkars. Intentional water
pollution, encroachment and disfiguration
of structure of Jalkars is an offence.
Yes. Applicable to irrigation
works under MGNREGS
where the source is Jalkars.
The
manuals/process/procedure
strengthening activities
related to MGNREGS works
and staff training will cover
this legal requirements.
Insecticides Act,
1968
Pesticides banned or restricted for use in
India should not be used. The used
packages shall not be left outside to
prevent their re-use. They should be
broken and buried away from habitation.
Yes. Applicable in case of
pesticide application for
plantation activity under
MNREGS. The manuals/
process/procedure
strengthening activities
related to MGNREGS works
and staff training will cover
this legal requirements.
Ancient Monuments
and Archaeological
Sites and
Remains Act, 1958
and
Bihar Ancient
Monuments and
Archaeological Sites,
Remains And Art
Treasures Act, 1976
Construction activities within 300 m
radius of protected areas and notified
monuments require permission from the
Department of Archaeology and
Museums, Government of
Bihar/Archaeological Survey of India.
Any ‘chance finds’ (objects with
archaeological, paleontological, historical,
architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other
cultural significance) encountered during
digging, will have to be deposited with
the Department of Archaeology and
Museums, Government of Bihar.
Yes. Applicable to all
construction activities
proposed under the project.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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The policy and regulatory analysis suggests that the proposed sub-projects to be taken
does not fall under any of the project categories listed in Schedule-I of the
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification and hence does not require any formal
environmental clearance of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of
India.
The provisions to ensure compliance with the other applicable legal and
regulatory requirements need to be incorporated appropriately into the project
design. Primarily, this will be tackled in the following manner:
1. For the creation/construction of Buniyad Centers, the legal/regulatory requirements
will be integrated into the site selection (through screening), building design and
civil work contracts.
2. For the softer components such as strengthening program delivery of MGNREGS
and IAY supported under the project, the requirements under national laws and
policies apart from regulations/rules of Govt. of Bihar will be highlighted/integrated
clearly in the process, procedures and institutional capacity building activities
(including monitoring and evaluation mechanisms) to be carried out under the
project. Specific ‘guidance’ is needed and will be built into the program delivery
systems to ensure improved understanding and enforcement (and thereby
results/outcomes of the Social Protection programs themselves) of the regulatory
requirements, which currently remains weak/patchy.
3.2 World Bank Operational Policies
The relevant and applicable safeguards policies of the World Bank were also reviewed.
The table here describes the relevant safeguard policies of the World Bank and discusses
their applicability to the project.
Table 3.2 : Applicability of World Bank Operational Policies
Policy Key Features Applicability
OP/BP 4.01
Environmental
Assessment
Potential environmental
consequences of projects
identified early in project cycle.
EA and mitigation plan required
for the project with significant
environmental impacts or
involuntary resettlement.
EA should include analysis of
alternative designs and sites, or
consideration of "no option".
Requires public participation
and information disclosure
before Board approval.
Yes. Applicable due to construction of
‘Buniyad Centres’ and support to
activities in MGNREGA and IAY.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Policy Key Features Applicability
OP/BP 4.04
Natural
Habitats
Prohibits financing of projects
involving "significant conversion
of natural habitats unless there
are no feasible alternatives".
Requires environmental cost
benefit analysis. Requires EA
with mitigation measures.
Not Applicable.
No physical interventions proposed
under the project are expected to affect
natural habitats. No civil works will be
financed under the project in designated
protected areas/wilderness areas/
critical natural habitats. The
environment screening tool will be used
to ensure compliance in this regard.
OP 4.09
Pest
Management
Supports environmentally sound
pest management, including
integrated pest management,
but does not prohibit the use of
highly hazardous pesticides.
Pest management is the
borrower's responsibility in the
context of a project's EA.
Yes. Applicable in case of
pesticide/fungicide application for
plantation activity under MGNREGA. OP
4.09 is being triggered as
biological/environmental control
methods or reliance on chemical
pesticides for afforestation/tree
plantation activity under MGNREGA is
envisaged and noted during field
assessment.
Even though investment of this nature
(tree plantation or procurement of
pesticides/ fungicides) will not be
directly funded the project, the technical
and funding support to strengthening
delivery of MGNREGS (which supports
such works) requires that mechanisms
are ‘built’ into the program itself to
appropriately manage such issues.
OP/BP 4.36
Forestry
Prohibits financing for
commercial logging operations
or acquisition of equipment for
use in primary moist tropical
forests.
Yes. No civil works will be financed
under the project in forest areas or over
land designated for forests. The
environment screening tool will be used
to ensure compliance in this regard.
However, the project seeks to
strengthen the delivery of MGNREGS,
which involves works being taken up on
forest land as part of “drought proofing
including afforestation” and “tree
plantation - this has a potential to
generate both positive and negative
impacts on forests. It also includes
works related to water conservation and
rural road construction, which again
may have some impact on forests.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Policy Key Features Applicability
OP/BP 4.12
Involuntary
Resettlement
Implemented in projects which
displace people. Requires public
participation in resettlement
planning as part of SA for
project. Intended to restore or
improve income earning
capacity of displaced
populations.
Not Applicable.
Involuntary land acquisition and land
purchase will not be done for any
project activity, and are included in the
project’s negative list. In blocks where
the government land is not available,
the project will not be undertaking
construction of Buniyad Centers.
OP/BP 4.10
Indigenous
Peoples
Purpose is to ensure indigenous
peoples benefit from Bank
financed development and to
avoid or mitigate adverse
impacts on indigenous peoples.
Applies to projects that might
adversely affect indigenous
peoples or when they are
targeted beneficiaries.
Requires participation of
indigenous peoples in creation
of “indigenous people
development plan”.
Yes. Project beneficiaries include tribal
population. Such beneficiaries account
for more than 2% of the total population
in 10 districts of Bihar. As per the
census of India (2011), the population
of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes is 16.56 million and 1.33 million
respectively comprising of 15.91% of
the total population. The policy is
triggered to ensure that any adverse
effects of the project are avoided or
minimized and that the Scheduled
Castes and Tribes receive culturally
appropriate social and economic
benefits.
OP/BP 4.11
Physical
Cultural
Resources
Purpose is to assist in the
preservation of cultural
property, such as sites having
archaeological, paleontological,
historical, religious and unique
cultural values.
Generally seeks to assist in
their preservation and avoid
their elimination. Discourages
financing of projects that will
damage cultural property.
Yes. A few project interventions may be
located close to sites, structures,
natural/man-made features that have
historical, archaeological, religious or
other cultural significance. Chance-finds
are also a possibility in a state with a
rich historical and cultural background.
OP/BP 4.37
Safety of
Dams
Applies to large dams (15
meters or more in height).
Requires review by independent
experts throughout project
cycle. Requires preparation of
EA and detailed plans for
construction and operation, and
periodic inspection by the Bank.
Not Applicable. There is no construction
of new dams or activities that are
concerned with safe functioning of
existing dams.
OP/ BP 17.50
B i h a r In t e gr at ed S o c i al P r o t ec t i o n S t r e n g t h en i n g Pr o j ec t
Policy
Key Features
Applicability
OP/BP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways
Covers riparian waterways that form boundary between two or more states, as well as any bay, gulf, strait or channel bordered by two or more states.
Applies to dams, irrigation, flood control, navigation, water, sewage and industrial projects. Requires notification and agreement between states, detailed maps, and feasibility surveys.
Not Applicable. There are no interventions planned/ proposed over or around an international waterway that could cause a potential conflict. There are also no activities that may affect the use or pollute such a waterway.
OP/BP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas
Applies to projects where there are territorial disputes present. Allows Bank to proceed if governments agree to go forward without prejudice to claims. Requires early identification of territorial disputes and descriptions in all Bank documentation.
Not Applicable. The project is not proposed in any disputed area.
Other World Bank Policy important from an environmental management perspective is the revised World Bank Policy on Access to Information, effective from July 1, 2013. This policy deals with Disclosure of Information. The Bank’s Policy on Disclosure of Information, has been incorporated in the project implementation plan and its compliance will be ensured through various stages of the project cycle.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Section 4 : Potential Environmental Impacts
There are several social protection (SP) programs in place in Bihar, both centrally
sponsored schemes and state schemes. These programs include social assistance
programs providing in-kind or cash transfers, social insurance programs, and social care
services for vulnerable groups, such as the following:
(i) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) - a
rights-based, demand-driven public works program that guarantees all rural
households up to 100 days annually of unskilled public works employment on
demand;
(ii) Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) - cash transfers to BPL rural households for building
houses;
(iii) Social pensions - cash transfers in the form of social pensions for BPL older
persons, widows and persons with disabilities through the Indira Gandhi National
Old Age, Widow and Disability Pension Schemes (IGNOAPS, IGNWPS and IGNDPS
respectively) as well as state social pension schemes;
(iv) Social Care Services for Persons with Disabilities – rehabilitation services for
persons with disabilities through District Disability Rehabilitation Centers (DDRCs).
Some key details about these programs are given in Table 4.1 below.
Table 4.1 : An Over-view of Social Protection Programs in Bihar
S.No. Program Description Target Group
1 MGNREGS
Each household entitled for a
100 days of guaranteed
employment in a FY
Universal - Open to all rural
households
At least 30% women participation
intended
2 Social Security Pensions (Central and State Schemes)
2a IGNOAPS
(NSAP)
Cash transfer to Older Persons
@Rs.200/- per beneficiary per
month
@Rs. 500/- per beneficiary per
month
60 years and above BPL
BPL with 80 years and above
2b IGNWPS
(NSAP)
Cash transfer to eligible widows
@Rs.300/- per beneficiary per
month
Widow
BPL 40 – 79 years
2c IGNDPS
(NSAP)
Cash transfer to eligible PWDs
@Rs.300/- per beneficiary per
month
Severe or multiple disabilities in
the age of 18 – 79 years
BPL
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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S.No. Program Description Target Group
2d
Bihar Social
Security (Old
Age) Pension
Scheme
Cash transfer to eligible
older persons @Rs.200/- per
beneficiary per month
60 – 64 years
Un-irrigated land ownership
less than 1 acre
Annual HH income less than
Rs. 5000 & 5500 in rural and
urban areas
2e
State Widow
Pension
Scheme
(Laxmibai)
Cash transfer to eligible
widows @Rs.300/- per
beneficiary per month
Age: 18-39 yrs (both BPL &
Non-BPL) Age: 40 & above
(non-BPL)
Annual Income less than
60000 for all
2f
State
Disability
Pension
Scheme
Cash transfer to eligible
PWDs @Rs.300/- per
beneficiary per month
At least 40% disabled
No income or age criteria
3
Social Care
Services for
Older Persons
and PWDs
DDRCs to provide basic
therapy and rehabilitation
services to PWDs
Older Persons in need
Persons with Disabilities
The project aims to establish a more effective, transparent and responsive social
protection delivery system through support for: (a) strengthening systems and capacity
for implementing and monitoring selected social protection programs at the state-level
and in selected districts, and (b) piloting innovations for integrated social protection
service provision. The project focuses on the programs administered by the Departments
of Rural Development and Social Welfare. These include MGNREGS (public works), IAY
(cash transfers) and social pensions (cash transfers), and social care services for older
persons and persons with disabilities. The project will include strengthening capacity and
systems for implementing and monitoring these programs at the state-level. It will also
support the implementation of systemic reforms and pilots for integrated social
protection delivery in the state.
From an environmental perspective, the positive and negative impacts due to
project activities on physical, natural and social environment would be
associated with three specific interventions. These are:
(a) Planning, design, construction and operation of Service Centers (Buniyad Centers)
(b) Activities associated with supporting and strengthening delivery of MGNREGS and
(c) Activities associated with supporting and strengthening delivery of IAY.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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The analysis is based on:
1) Secondary information (review of data and documents on MGNREGS and IAY)
2) Field study, based on random sample visit in three districts (Madhubani, Buxar and
Nalanda) covering:
o Existing Social Services Centers (Buniyad Centers)
o A range of MNREGS works – both completed and in-progress
o Existing IAY housing scheme
3) Discussions with State and District level stakeholders (Block Development Officers,
MGNREGS staff – Programme Officers, Engineers and Panchayat Technical
Assistants), representatives of Gram Panchayats and Panchayat Rozgar Sevaks.
4.1 Positive Benefits of the Project
The principal project beneficiaries are the intended target population of the programs
being supported, i.e., vulnerable rural households, widowed women, persons with
disabilities and older persons. Though the proposed systemic reforms in service delivery
are applicable state-wide, the main beneficiaries would be the 92 million rural residents
of Bihar where the project would support the establishment 101 social care Buniyad
Centers in all sub-divisions of the State. In these districts, more than 66% of the rural
population lives in poverty, 7% are elderly and 3% are persons with disabilities. These
groups are characterized by high levels of illiteracy and face barriers of access to
services. The project focuses on building effective mechanisms for reaching these
groups, ensuring their rights and providing them an effective and responsive safety net.
By piloting innovative delivery mechanisms, the project would also benefit government
employees and others engaged in social protection program delivery through simplifying
procedures and clarifying roles, building capacity and incentivizing performance.
The social protection programs targeted under the Project are generally pro-poor and
therefore do not discriminate / exclude any population group on the basis of caste.
The
beneficiaries of these programs generally belong to the most vulnerable sections of the
population, which includes Scheduled Castes (SCs), including Mahadalits and Scheduled
Tribes (STs), women, widowed women, persons with disabilities, older persons etc. From
amongst the schemes that the Project will be working on, IAY is the only scheme that
specifically prioritizes SCs and STs among others. Other schemes are either universal
(MGNREGS) or by design target specific groups such as widowed (IGNWPS & Laxmibai
Social Security Pension), older persons (IGNOAPS & Bihar Social Security Pension),
persons with disabilities (IGNDPS & Bihar Disability Pension Scheme) etc. There is a
separate Department of Welfare in the Government of Bihar that has the responsibility of
undertaking schemes and programs for the welfare of the SCs and STs.
The Project does not intend to influence or work upon any design modifications of the
schemes in terms of its targeting. However, through preparation of the BSRR and other
community-based initiatives, the Project will strengthen mechanisms for beneficiary
identification and enrollment. Such a registry will inform the project of specific groups (if
any) that are excluded.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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The project aims to address the issue of exclusion by increasing awareness of
entitlements, reducing discretionary sanctioning and payment of benefits, increasing
access to schemes, and maximizing coverage of schemes.
4.2 Potential Adverse Impacts on Environment
The project proposes to provide social care services (Buniyad Centres) to older persons,
persons with disabilities and widowed women, strengthen and streamline provision of
social pensions and strengthen the Departments of RDD and Social Welfare towards
better management of social protection programs such as MGNREGS and IAY. This sub-
section describes the key adverse impacts that are likely to be associated with these
activities.
4.2.1 Environmental Impacts/Issues associated with Buniyad Centers
(i) Profile of the Buniyad Centers
Location and Scale: The Buniyad Centers will be located in all 101 sub-divisions
of the state. A total of about 101 Buniyad Centers are planned. Each Buniyad
Center is expected to be about 4000 to 5000 square feet in area. In all, 38 district
level Buniyad Centres will be of 5000 sq. ft. while the remaining 63 sub-division
level Buniyad Centres will have an area of 4000 sq. ft.
Description of Services: The Buniyad Centers will offer a package of quality care
and rehabilitation services for older persons, widows and persons with disabilities
(PWD). The services offered will include basic care and support, legal aid, therapy,
counseling and rehabilitation, emergency outreach, assessment and disability
determination, provision of assistive devices, etc. Referral services will be provided
for beneficiaries needing more specialized services. Each Buniyad Centers will have
technical personnel comprising of psychologists, therapists, trainers and
technicians.
Infrastructure: The Buniyad Centers will be equipped with specialized diagnostic
and therapeutic equipment as well as mobile outreach infrastructure (one van per
district) to provide outreach and emergency services. In establishing the Buniyad
Centers, guidelines and space standards for barrier free built environment of
disabled and elderly persons needs to be followed. The design should ensure
accessibility for women, widows, SCs including Mahadalits, STs, and follow
guidelines and space standards for barrier free built environment of disabled and
elderly persons.
Land for Construction: The Government of Bihar will provide land for
construction of the Buniyad Centers within the premises of existing Block
Development Office (BDO) or health facility. It is proposed to operate 38 Buniyad
Center from existing buildings until the construction of new buildings is completed.
However, the number of existing buildings is subject to their availability, more
importantly suitability (to be determined by a technical assessment), and possible
modifications to ensure accessibility.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Design of the Building: The design of the Buniyad Centers will be developed as part of the preparation in the first year of the project. Along with this, a technical assessment of suitability of existing building will also be undertaken. This will be followed by design modification for making the building accessible to persons with disabilities. As far as possible, the new buildings would be constructed following green/-er building norms. Both these functions of planning new facility and retrofitting of existing buildings will be carried out by hiring a design consultant.
Construction: The construction and modification of existing building of the Buniyad Centers would be out-sourced to a private vendor. Engineers from Bihar State Building Construction Corporation Limited will be engaged for technical supervision of the construction. However, considering Buniyad Centers are being proposed at various parts of the State, a Supervision Consultant would be hired for day to day supervision of Buniyad Centers during its construction.
Maintenance: The maintenance of the BCs would be out-sourced to a private vendor.
Service delivery: Services would be delivered at the Buniyad Centers by contract staff hired by SSUPSW.
(ii) Field Observations
The preparatory work on the project included a rapid assessment of the District Disability Rehabilitation Centers (DDRC) (operating on similar lines as Buniyad Centers) in the state – including visits to existing DDRCs in Madhubani and Muzaffarpur.
There are 9 DDRCs in the state – 8 run by the Indian Red Cross Society and 1 run by an NGO. Of the project districts, Madhubani and Katihar have functional DDRCs.
The services to be provided in a DDRC are counseling, physiotherapy, audio and speech therapy, mobility instruction, fabrication of prosthetic and orthotic devices and referral services. However, existing DDRCs do not provide the full range of services (the Madhubani DDRC provides only counseling and mobility instruction services).
The DDRCs are located in small rented premises (the Madhubani DDRC operates from a 100 square feet room) – these do not have provision to facilitate easy access by the physically disabled persons.
No bio-medical waste is generated – as the services currently provided do not generate such waste.
Facilities for water and sanitation are either inadequate or are absent.
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Field Observations of Existing DDRCs
The existing DDRC in Madhubani is located in a small room with no easy access to PWDs. The only
services provided are counseling and mobility instruction.
(iii) Environmental Issues/Impact Associated with Buniyad Centers
The impact would be limited as the Buniyad Centres have a relatively small demand
for land (5000 sq. ft. for district centers and about 4000 sq. ft. for sub–divisional
centers) and will not involve any change in land use as these Centers will be
located on existing premises of the Block Development Office or with in the campus
of an existing health facility. Therefore, the Project does not envisage any major
adverse impact from the construction of the Buniyad Centers per se.
However, based on the field observations as well as on a review of available
documents, the following specific environmental impacts have been identified:
Issues related to planning and design of Buniyad Centers
o Improper access and water logging conditions could affect functionality of
these centers in some locations
o Inappropriate design leading to sub-optimal ventilation, drainage, water
supply and sanitation
o Non-provision of barrier free access
Issues related to construction of Buniyad Centers
o Loss of trees
o Abandoned borrow pits
o Improper disposal of construction debris
Issues related to management of Buniyad Centers
o No/poor/inadequate water and sanitation facilities
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o Poor housekeeping and building maintenance (including seepage from
ceiling and walls
o Unhygienic conditions
o Poor bio-medical waste management
4.2.2 Environmental Impacts/issues associated with MGNREGS
By strengthening delivery mechanisms for the MNREGS, the project may contribute to an
increased uptake of these programs – and hence to their environmental impact – both
positive and negative. As part of the environmental assessment study, site visits were
made to Madhubani, Nalanda, Bauxar and Katihar to understand the activities being
taken up under MNREGS and their associated environmental impacts. The selection of
these districts is based on the geographical locations, topographical set-up,
environmental conditions/attributes and vulnerability to flood.
(i) Profile of the MGNREGS Works Assessed
Volume of works: The volume of the work undertaken under MNREGS ranges
from less than 3000 individual works in Madhubani to over 7500 works in Nalanda.
This includes both completed as well as ongoing works. Works that are incomplete
and abandoned are also counted under ongoing works – thus a large number of
ongoing works is cause for concern. While Buxar has the highest proportion of
completed works, Katihar has the highest proportion of ongoing works
Nature of works: Rural connectivity is the most popular category of works
accounting for 85% of the works in Katihar to 28% in Buxar. Water conservation
and water harvesting account for 70% of the works in Buxar. Drought proofing
works form 30% of MNREGS works in Nalanda. Flood control and protection works
account for 10% of works in Nalanda and 5% of works in Madhubani.
(ii) Field Observations
Some key observations from the field have been presented in the photo plate attached
here.
Field Observations - MGNREGS Works
Positive Environmental Impacts
Revival of traditional water harvesting structures, renovation of irrigation canals and
increase in green cover are some of the positive environmental impacts of MNREGS works
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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in Bihar.
Negative Environmental Impacts/Issues of Road Works under MGNREGS
Borrow pits for road construction, are often located in agricultural land. Pits more than 1.5
metre deep are not uncommon. Rehabilitation of the borrow pits is not taken up as part of
the MGNREGS work.
Brick-soling for all-weather roads is a popular work under MNREGS. Bricks are often made
on leased agricultural land – impacting soil productivity. Road construction may involve
felling of trees – however, there is no plan for compensatory plantation.
Provision for drainage and cross-drainage are sometimes not made – resulting in water
logging and/or damage to the road during the rains.
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Environmental Issues in Canal Works under MGNREGS
Incomplete canal renovation that reduces water conveyance efficiency, non-
compacted/non-turfed bunds that deposit silt back into the canal, lack of maintenance of
renovated canals are issues associated with canal works.
Environmental Issues in Renovation of Water Bodies under MGNREGS
Improper location of water bodies sometimes leads to non-retention of water. Non-
compaction of bunds and non-turfing on bund slopes leads to erosion and siltation.
Environmental Issues in Plantations under MGNREGS
While there are good practices such as provision of water facility and use of organic
manure, there are issues of concern with respect to use of hazardous pesticides (unsafe
use and disposal).
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Environmental Issues Concerning Cultural Heritage Sites and MGNREGS
Of the 70 protected monuments in Bihar, 10 are located in the project districts. MNREGS
works in the vicinity (300 metre radius) of these monuments (such as this platform in
Madhubani) requires permission from the Archeological Survey of India.
(iii) Environmental Issues/Impact Associated with MGNREGS
The environmental assessment took into account both completed works as well as on-
going under MGNREGS. Based on the field study as well as on a review of available
documents, the following typical environmental impacts that are associated with various
types of activities under MGNREGS have been identified:
Table 4.2: Typical Environmental Impacts/Issues
Activity/
work
Positive
Impact/s Negative Impact/s
Roads –
construction,
repair
Improved
connectivity,
accessibility
to market,
social
infrastructure
s etc.
Impact on land productivity (construction of road on
agriculture land, borrow pits on agricultural land,
bricks for paving sourced from agricultural land)
Impact on natural habitats in cases where roads
encroach on water bodies or are in close proximity to
waterfowl nesting areas
Impacts on 'borrow areas' from where soil for filling
is taken – loss of productive top soil, impact on
drainage
Inadequate drainage provision leading to water
logging and/or damage to road
Felling of trees at the construction site
Temporary impacts and waste disposal related to
construction (noise, dust, etc.)
Possibility of pilferage of any chance finds of
archaeological importance.
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Activity/
work
Positive
Impact/s Negative Impact/s
Ponds –
construction,
excavation,
de-silting,
cleaning,
etc.
Improved
water
harvesting/
storage
Water
conservation
Construction of pond on fertile agriculture land
Felling of trees at the excavation site
Possibility of pilferage of any chance finds of
archaeological importance
Uneven deposition of silt/soil on banks may lead to
weakening of banks, uneven deposition on farm
lands may lead to problems with irrigation and
drainage
Erosion from unstable earthen bunds
Water
harvesting
structures –
Check
Dams, Ahar-
Pyne
Improved
water
harvesting/
storage
Water
conservation
Impacts on downstream water users due to possible
reduction in water availability
Risk of breaching, water leakages, etc., from poorly
constructed water retention structures
Erosion from bunds that are not properly compacted
Uneven deposition of silt/soil on banks may lead to
weakening of banks, uneven deposition on farm
lands may lead to problems with irrigation and
drainage
Felling of trees at the excavation site
Possibility of pilferage of any chance finds of
archaeological importance
Plantation Improved
green cover
Improved
availability of
biomass for
meeting fuel,
fodder, food
needs
Mono culture plantation of exotic species
Over-use of chemical fertilizers leading to pollution
Impacts on human and environmental health due to
use of hazardous chemical pesticides
Drains Improved
sanitation
due to control
of stagnation
of sullage
water
Improper design may lead to poor performance
Poor maintenance may lead to water stagnation and
associated problems such as increase in breeding
sites for mosquitoes
Disposal of debris/waste material on agricultural
fields
Lack of sullage treatment may lead to cess pools and
pollution of water bodies.
Felling of trees
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Activity/
work
Positive
Impact/s Negative Impact/s
Renovation
of Canals
Improved
efficiency in
water
conveyance,
reduced loss
of water (to
seepage,
weeds, etc.)
Improved
availability of
water at tail-
end
Poor planning/design leading to sub-optimal benefits
from the renovation work (work is undertaken on
only a part of the canal, improper slope leading to
problems at tail-end)
Impacts on 'borrow areas' from where soil for
embankment filling is taken
Uneven deposition of silt/soil on bunds may lead to
weakening of bunds, uneven deposition on farm
lands may lead to problems with irrigation and
drainage
Erosion from unstable earthen bunds
Poor maintenance leading to lack of sustainability of
benefits from the renovation work (clogging of canal
with weeds, damage to bunds)
4.2.3 Environmental Impact/Issues Associated with IAY
By strengthening delivery mechanisms for the IAY, the project may contribute to an
increased uptake of these programs – and hence to their environmental impact – both
positive and negative. As part of the environmental assessment study, site visits were
made to Madhubani and Bauxar Districts to understand the activities being taken up
under IAY and their associated environmental impacts.
(i) Profile of the MGNREGS Works Assessed
Madhubani leads in IAY house construction among the project districts.
IAY Constructions in Districts Assessed (2010-11)
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IAY convergence with programs relevant to environmental improvement – sanitary
latrines, smokeless chulhas, kitchen gardens and bio-gas – is also reported from
Madhubani. However, field study observations do not corroborate this.
(ii) Field Observations
Some key observations from the field have been presented in the photo plate attached
here.
Field Observations - IAY Works
Positive Environmental Impacts of IAY Houses
Provision of adequate ventilation, use of safe construction materials and provision for toilets
are some of the positive elements in certain IAY houses.
Negative Environmental Impacts of IAY Houses
Poor ventilation combined with use of fuelwood or cow dung cakes, use of AC sheets as
roofing material and inadequate provision for sanitation including sullage disposal are
commonly associated with IAY houses.
(iii) Environmental Issues/Impact Associated with IAY
The field study undertaken as part of the Environmental Assessment exercise included
visits to completed IAY houses in sample districts of Madhubani and Buxar. Based on the
field study as well as on a review of available documents, the following specific
environmental impacts have been identified:
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Table 4.3: Typical Environmental Impacts/Issues
Aspect Positive Impact Negative Impact
Design-related
aspects
Well-designed
housing – with
appropriate
ventilation and
sanitation facilities
can enhance well-
being
Poor ventilation due to cultural
practices, safety concerns and cost-
cutting by beneficiaries
Indoor air pollution due to use of
biomass based fuels and poor ventilation
Lack of sanitation facilities
Lack of sullage disposal facilities
Risk from AC roofing sheets – during
cutting/drilling
Construction
related aspects
- Felling of trees at the construction site
Temporary impacts and waste disposal
related to construction (noise, dust,
etc.)
4.3 Conclusion
The direct physical interventions under the project are limited to planning, design,
construction and maintenance of Buniyad Centers, which would require some level of
interventions on environmental management during site selection, building design,
construction and operation.
While there are no direct physical investments being made under MGNREGS and IAY, the
softer components on institutional strengthening and delivery mechanism improvement
support under the project would require some mainstreaming/consideration of
environmental dimensions into policy, operational and monitoring procedures to enhance
the intended benefits accruing from these social protection programs and avoid or
minimize the unwarranted environmental impacts/issues (such as those mentioned in
this section) arising due to the implementation of such schemes.
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Section 5: Environment Management Process and Guidelines
The proposed project will support Government of Bihar in developing a more effective,
transparent and responsive social protection delivery system by strengthening systems
and capacity at the state-level and piloting innovations for integrated delivery in selected
districts. The project would strengthen core systems and capacity of the two
implementing agencies – the Bihar Rural Development Society (BRDS) and the State
Society for Ultra-Poor and Social Welfare (SSUPSW) at the state-level, support
implementation of systemic reforms in the four districts and also finance the monitoring
and evaluation of the project.
The project supported activities, therefore have been grouped under the broad
categories depicted in the table below.
Table 5.1: Categorization of Activities from Environmental Impact Perspective
Activities with no direct environmental impact Activities with limited direct
environmental impact
Strengthening social protection systems and
capacity through:
a) Developing Operational Manuals for MGNREGS
and IAY
b) Outreach and communication for MGNREGS and
IAY – establishment of communications cell;
developing of communication strategy
c) Strengthening Financial Management Systems
and benefit disbursement
d) Applications for strengthening tracking of selected
social protection schemes
e) Developing HR policy
Strengthening Outreach and Social
Protection Service Delivery through:
(a) Social Care Service Centers
(Buniyad Centers)
(b) Pilot Models in Social Protection
Delivery (Mobile Outreach and
Therapy Services)
As seen in the table, most of the activities supported by the project are unlikely to have
any significant, large-scale or irreversible environmental impacts. The only directly
supported project activity likely to have some limited adverse environmental impact is
the creation of Buniyad Centers (Social Care Service Centers for older persons and for
persons with disabilities).
Among the activities that can generate indirect environmental impacts are strengthening
and capacity building activities for MGNREGS and IAY. By strengthening delivery
mechanisms for MGNREGS and IAY, the project is expected to contribute to an increased
uptake of these programs, and hence to their environmental impact. Considering the
nature of these programs (works on water conservation and harvesting, plantations,
rural housing, etc.) it is expected that there is likely to be an over-all positive
environmental impact. Specifically, the project is likely to contribute to improvements in
water conservation, water efficiency, water harvesting, increase in green cover, better
housing, etc. However, there are environmental risks stemming from poor planning and
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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implementation. With this perspective in mind, the section here provides guidance on
handling the environmental management aspects/dimensions of this project.
5.1 Environment Management Process
In order to address the identified environmental impacts (mitigate negative impacts and
strengthen positive impacts), an Environmental Management Framework (EMF) has been
developed for this project. The EMF involves a two-pronged strategy, depicted in Figure
presented below.
Key elements of the Environmental Management Framework (EMF)
The Environment Management Framework/tool, as designed for this project, aims to
support at the early stages of planning and decision-making and selection of
environmental measures including mitigation options based on the nature and scale of
identified potential impacts encountered for each of the three main types of activities,
namely Buniyad Centers, MGNREGS and IAY, that has are relevant from an
environmental management perspective.
These guidelines have been developed to assist the two Implementing Agencies (BRDS &
SSUPSW) and the Project staff in the management of social impacts and other related
issues for effective planning and execution of BISPS Project.
5.1.1 Need for Environmental Management Framework
The projects, primarily supports refurbishment of existing building and construction of
new building for Buniyad Centers that are spread across different districts in the state
with varying geographical and socio-economic conditions. In addition, the proposed
project also proposes updating of Operational Manuals of MGNREGA and IAY schemes,
Managin
g I
mpacts
of
Dir
ectly
Support
ed P
roje
ct
Activitie
s • Identify and mitigate risks through sub-project specific investigation/assessment
•Integrate environment-friendly elements into planning and design
• Integrate environment-friendly elements into construction
• Manage operation of facility/building with regard to environment, health and safety
Managin
g I
mpacts
of
In-d
irectly
Support
ed P
roje
ct
Activitie
s • Capacity building on environment management
• Integration of environment management aspects in program's process, procedures and manuals, including monitoring and evaluation
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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which provide an opportunity to streamline environmental management measures in
these programs for creation of sustainable assets.
The heterogeneous characteristics in terms of locations and site conditions warrant a
mechanism to bring a homogeneous approach in the planning, design and execution of
environmental management activities for such works. This has necessitated preparation
of a document that will help and guide the Implementing Agency (BRDS and SSUPSW) in
selection of appropriate technique/s to carry out planning, design and implementation of
environmental management activities in line with the type and nature of civil works
proposed under the project. Therefore, although the general thrust and broad project
interventions are well understood, the specific details pertaining to planning and design
of Buniyad Centers that the project envisages to support, will be completely known only
later in the project cycle.
In the given context, through this and the following sections – the Environmental
Management Framework (EMF) serves as an appropriate tool, allowing for flexibility
within the boundaries set forth by the requirements of the Bank’s operation policies and
the country’s regulatory mechanisms. The framework describes the principles, objectives
and approach to be followed in avoiding, minimizing and mitigating the adverse
environmental impacts that are likely to arise as a result of the implementation of the
various construction activities under the Bihar Integrated Social Protection and
Strengthening Project.
The works proposed under the project have a potential to trigger some adverse
environment and social impacts in the process in the local context, if the works are not
properly planned and managed. Also, some opportunities to enhance the positive
benefits of the interventions exist, which can be integrated into the planning and design
process early-on, provided a clear-cut guidance is available. Therefore, an Environmental
Management Framework (EMF) for the project offers the required flexibility in guiding
the process of dealing with the unwarranted impacts and would help in augmenting the
positive benefits for both situations – for existing buildings that will be refurbished and
those where new Buniyad Centers will come-up and engineering designs are yet to be
initiated.
The framework details out the various policies, guidelines and procedures that need to
be integrated during the planning, design and implementation cycle of the Bank-financed
project in the state of Bihar. It also outlines the indicative management measures
required to effectively address or deal with the key issues that have been identified. The
required institutional arrangements for implementing the EMF have also been outlined as
a part of this framework.
5.1.2 Purpose and Objectives of EMF
Good environmental management practices are essential and integral elements of
sound project preparation and implementation. More specifically, the EMF seeks to:
Establish clear procedures and methodologies for environmental planning,
review, approval and implementation of sub-projects to be financed under
the Project.
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To provide practical guidance for planning, designing and implementing the
environmental management measures.
Specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary
reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and
related social concerns of the sub-projects and;
Determine the institutional arrangements, including those related to training,
capacity building and technical assistance (if required) needed to successfully
implement the provisions of the EMF.
The application and implementation of the EMF therefore, will:
Support the integration of environmental aspects into the decision making
process of all stages related to planning, design, execution, operation and
maintenance of sub-projects, by identifying, avoiding and/or minimizing
adverse environmental and social impacts early-on in the project cycle.
Enhance the positive/sustainable environmental and social outcomes through
improved/ sensitive planning, design and implementation of sub-activities.
Minimize environmental degradation as a result of either individual sub-
projects or through their indirect, induced and cumulative effects, as much
as possible.
Protect human health and
Minimize impacts on cultural property.
The use / implementation of the EMF will also support the achievement of
compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as with the requirements of
relevant Bank policies on environmental safeguard aspects.
5.2 Managing Impacts of Directly Supported Project Activities
The project will ensure that the activities directly supported by it are in compliance with
relevant legal and regulatory requirements, do not cause irreversible/significant negative
environmental impacts, and, promote good environmental practices. This will be done in
two ways:
Specific site investigation and assessment of project supported building
construction activities (Buniyad Centers) that have limited environmental impact
Adoption of environment-friendly design elements, construction and management
practices for project supported building construction activities
The activities directly supported by the project and having limited environmental impact
will go through site specific technical and environmental assessment. The assessment
will be done during the planning stage prior to the actual construction by a Design
Consultant. The environmental conditions will be assessed before finalizing the site and
thereafter in parallel to the engineering design preparation. Specifically this will involve
the following steps:
1) Environmental Screening
2) Verification of Environmental Screening Results
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3) Integration of Environmental Requirements into Design
4) Environmental Monitoring and Reporting during Construction
5) Environmental Monitoring During Operation
Step 1 - Environmental Screening
An environment and social screening format would be filled-up after undertaking a field
visit to understand the general site conditions and constraints, if any. Without narrowing
the focus of the detailed field investigation/assessment, having this knowledge provides
an early sense on the spatial and temporal dimension about the likely issues on-hand.
Screening consists of checking and identifying environmental risks, impacts and
opportunities and the requisite measures that are applicable within the local context for
addressing them. The result from this exercise will serve as an important input into the
decision making for site selection. This exercise will be conducted using pre-defined
checklists (one for identification of sites for new buildings and the other for identifying
existing buildings in which the Service Centers can be temporarily run) through the field
officials at the Block level.
The screening details are being vetted by the concerned Block Development Officer
(BDO). The concerned BDO is also specifying in the checklist whether the required space
of 4000 to 5000 sq. ft. (5000 sq. ft. for 38 district level Buniyad Centers and 4000 sq. ft.
for remaining 63 sub-division level Buniyad Centers) is available. Wherever the
Government land for construction of Buniyad Centers is found to be encumbrance free
the concerned BDO will certify the same. In case, the said land is not encumbrance free
the BDO will mention this fact along with nature and extent of the issue/encumbrance.
In cases, where no land is available within the Block premises, the Centers will not be
constructed in those blocks to avoid any change in land use of other land and to avoid
land acquisition.
Step 2 - Verification of Environmental Screening Results
Detailed verification exercise is the second step in the environment management
process. Since the field data collection is the responsibility of the Block level officials,
who may limited perspective on the environmental requirements/issues, it is imperative
that a systematic verification by an Environmental Expert is carried out to cross-check
and validate the results from the said screening exercise.
The purpose of the verification exercise is to get an overview of the nature, scale and
magnitude of the issues in order to determine the sub-project/site feasibility and if
findings permit, it allows for proper scoping of further assessments to be carried out.
After identifying key issues, the applicability of the Government of India’s/State
Government’s regulatory requirements is to be established as part of the verification
exercise.
The key sub-steps involved in the screening process are outlined below:
Ascertain presence of any environmentally sensitive areas/issues through
primary/secondary information.
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Confirm applicability of regulations and policies in context of broad sub-project
interventions.
Conduct ground truthing and incorporate required/ additional information in the
screening format.
Ascertain details about land availability and broad categories of ownership
(forest/govt./private)
Document results in a systematic manner
The outcome of the screening process will help select and/or prioritize the various
investments and where required and start the clearance process (if required) in a timely
manner.
Steps 3 to 5 - Integration of Environment, Health and Safety Requirements into
Design, Construction and Operation of Buildings
The scale of environmental impacts due to construction of Buniyad Centers will be
localized and of low significance. However, if not managed adequately during planning,
design, implementation and operation stages, the impacts might become significant due
to inappropriate site selection, improper plan and design of the building including
inadequate ancillary facilities like drainage and sanitation system.
The construction activities therefore will endeavor to be environment friendly. This will
be done through:
promotion of “environmentally friendly” design and construction through integration
of environment-friendly elements into the design (“Green/-er Design”) of the service
centers,
by ensuring that the building construction contractors follow a code of practice on
environmental safeguards, and,
by continuing good environmental management practices during the operation and
maintenance of the service centers.
The Figure below depicts the strategy to promote environmentally friendly design,
construction and maintenance approach.
Strategy for Promotion of Environment Friendly Construction
Preconstruction
• Green/-er Design • Energy
• Materials
• Water
• Waste
• Landscape
Construction
• Code of Practice for Contractors • Safety aspects
• Legal compliance
Postconstruction
• Environmental Management • Energy
• Water and Sanitation
• Waste management
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A. Green/-er Building Design
The service centers will be designed during the first year of the project implementation
by a private Design Consultant/Agency contracted for the purpose. The terms of
reference for the design agency will specify that environment-friendly elements must be
integrated into the building design. An indicative list of these elements is provided here.
For the Buniyad Centers which are expected to be about 5000 sq.ft (465 sq m) in area,
the option of securing a ‘Green Building Certification’ such as the SVAGRIHA9 guidance-
cum-rating system will be explored.
Environment Friendly Elements for Buildings10
Reduce exposed, hard paved surface on site (open areas surrounding the building)
and maintain native vegetation cover on site
Passive architectural design and systems to reduce energy consumption and maintain
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S.No. Name Designation Department/
Organization
26 Mandau Mishra BDO Block, Basopatti
27 Raman Kumar Jha BDO Block, Lakhriturt
28 Upendra Prasad BDO Block, Raheka
29 Raj Bahuahier Gupta BDO Block, Jainagar
30 S.P. Verma BDO Block, Bahuarhi
31 Ashuik Singh - SWD
32 Abdul Qayum Consultant -
33 Dr. Sudhir Kumar Sinha Civil Surgeon Dist. Hospital, Madhubani
34 Rajeev Rajan Sinha - Revenue
35 Babu Yadav Sr. Dy, Collector -
36 Mukesh Kumar Jha DIA, NIC NIC
37 Sunil Kumar Mihra Press -
38 Raman Kumar Mishra Press Prabhat Khabar
39 Shyam Sunder Jha Press Dainik Jagran
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Photographs
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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District Level Consultation Workshop (Katihar)
on Environment and Social Assessment
for Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening (BISPS) Project
Organized by:
State Society for Ultra Poor and Social Welfare (SAKSHAM)
(Department of Social Welfare, Govt. of Bihar)
Bihar Rural Development Society (BRDS)
(Department of Rural Development, Govt. of Bihar)
Introduction
The fourth District Consultation Workshop on Social and Environment Assessment was
organized at Vikas Bhawan, Katihar on 17th August 2012 in which a total of 45 key
stakeholders participated.
The objective of the workshop was to share the findings of the Social and Environment
Assessment of BISPS and present the Social and Environment Management Frameworks
designed for the project with a view to elicit stakeholder feedback.
Participant Profile
The participants of the workshop were DDC, Katihar; Undersecretary from DoRD, Patna;
Consultant, World Bank; Block Development officers (BDO); Circle Officers (CO);
representatives of NGOs; consultant from BRDS and SAKSHAM team members.
Overview of the Session
The workshop began at 11 am with the welcome address by a SAKSHAM team member
followed by introductory remarks by the DDC, Katihar.
In the first session, a SAKSHAM team member briefly presented the overview of the
BISPS Project including the project background, objectives and source of finance,
strategic context, project components, and gave details of the KBKBS model and the
Buniyad Centres.
In the second session, the findings of the draft documents including Social and
Environment Assessment and Social and Environment Management Frameworks were
shared with the participants and suggestions were sought.
Key discussion points and suggestions
● Some of the participants expressed concern about the poor quality of work
carried out in some of the MNREGS works stemming from the lack/inadequacy of
scientific design and technical supervision relating to works on water harvesting
and conservation.
● A large number of MNREGS works particularly those related to water
conservation, remain incomplete or have been inefficient, either due to lack of
technical support to GPs or insufficient rainfall.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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● Concern was also expressed about the need to focus on survival of the saplings
planted under MNREGS.
Protected Areas
● Gogabil Pakshi Vihar a protected area in the district once known for its migratory
birds and forest coverage is a thing of the past. The habitat of birds has been
destroyed and since last 5-6 years this protected areas has not able to attract
migratory birds due to encroachment for agricultural land and fishing. This
highlights the need for adoption of environmental safeguards in development
activity.
IAY Housing
● In the light of the existing rural housing scenario and the importance of
promoting environment friendly housing in IAY (construction of well ventilated
house with toilets and drains, discouraging use of asbestos-cement sheets, etc.),
most of the participants felt that the idea is useful and innovative but
implementation within the available fund for IAY will be a challenge. The example
of Andhra Pradesh was cited in this context where Rs 65,000 is provided per
beneficiary for IAY. It is necessary to think of alternatives for low-cost, innovative
environment friendly housing for the rural poor people.
● Some participants were of the view that it will be useful to promote/create a
model for low cost housing at least in one pocket of the district so that it success
can be replicated in rest of the district.
Program Schedule
Date: 17-08-2012
Venue: Vikas Bhawan, Katihar
Time Session
Key Person Responsible for
Presentation / Anchoring
Discussion
10.30 to 11.00 am Registration SSUPSW
11.00 to 11.30 am
Welcome and Introductions:
Introduction to the Workshop
Introduction of Participants
DDC, Katihar
Representative from SSUPSW
and BRDS
11.30 to 12.15 pm Introduction to the BISPS Project:
Objectives, Components
Mr. Vishal Singh
Mr. Tribhuwan Singh
12.15 to 01.15 pm
Introduction to the Environment
and Social Assessment and
Management Framework
Mr. Abdul Qayum
Consultant
01.15 to 02.30 pm Open House Discussion &
Feedback from participants SSUPSW and BRDS
02.30 pm Lunch
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List of Participants
S.No. Name Designation Department/
Organization
1 Keshav Kumar Singh DDC, Katihar RDD
2 Muni Lal Jamadar Director, NEP DRDA, RRD
3 Jitendra Kumar Singh BDO, Kadwa RDD
4 Dr. Rakesh Kumar BAHO Animal Husbandry Dept.
5 Ratan Lal BDO, Azamnagar RDD
6 Shiv Shankar Ramani Secretary NGO - KKVVBKS
7 Madan Kumar Accountant NGO - KKVVBKS
8 Satish Prasad CO, Pranpur Revenue
9 Rudrakant Dube Secretary NGO – MPEW Society
10 Rakesh Kr. Srivastav Secretary NGO - MJSS
11 Shakun Verma CO, Hasnganj Revenue
12 Srinivas Varadan Consultant The World Bank
13 Abdul Qayam Consultant BRDS
14 Ravindra Kumar BDO, Pranpur RDD
15 Arvind Mishra CO, Barsoi Revenue
16 Indrajeet Singh DHO Horticulture
17 Dr. Jagdish
Chowdhury Under Secretary RDD
18 Dr. Om Prakash ACMO Health
19 Narendra Kumar BDO, Hasanganj RDD
20 Rajesh Kumar Singh Secretary NGO - APSS
21 Randhir Singh BDO, Balrampur RDD
22 P.C. Das Assistant DRDA (RDD)
23 A.K. Jha Assistant DRDA (RDD)
24 A. Ram DOP, Katihar Education
25 Archana Gupta BDO Dandkhora RDD
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S.No. Name Designation Department/
Organization
26 S. K. Jha DAO, Katihar Agriculture
27 R. N. Pandey CO, Sameli Revenue
28 Parshu Ram BDO, Falka RDD
29 S. K. Sahay CO, Kursela CO
30 Madhu Kumari BDO, Katihar RDD
31 Jaishankar Kumaar DO DRDA (RDD
32 Nuzhat Manzur
BDO & designated for SC
& ST Welfare, Block
Manihari
RDD
33 Bibha Kumar BDO, Amdabad RDD
34 Ashutosh Jha CO Falka Revenue
35 S. Singh CO, Amdabad Revenue
36 Arun Kumar Choubey BDO, Barari RDD
37 S. Kumar CO, Barari Revenue
38 Mahesh P Singh CO, Manihari Revenue
39 Kishor K Mandal Secretary NGO - SGV
40 H. K. Das Assistant DRDA (RDD)
41 Sandeep Kumar Assistant DRDA (RDD)
42 S. Singh Assistant DRDA (RDD)
43 Amit Chubey Secretary NGO - MPES
44 Usha Devi Assistant NGO - MPES
45 Pradeep Kumar Assistant NGO - MPES
Photographs
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Annexure 6
District Level Consultation Workshop (Gaya)
(Second Round/Follow-up)
on Environment and Social Assessment
for Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening (BISPS) Project
Organized by:
State Society for Ultra Poor and Social Welfare (SAKSHAM)
(Department of Social Welfare, Govt. of Bihar)
Bihar Rural Development Society (BRDS)
(Department of Rural Development, Govt. of Bihar)
Introduction
The District Level Consultation Workshop on Social and Environment Assessment was
conducted at Collectoriate Auditorium, Gaya 7th October 2013 in which a total of key
stakeholders including government’s district and block level officials; representatives of
NGOs participated.
The objectives of the workshop was to share the findings of the Social and Environment
Assessment of BISPS project and present the Social and Environment Management
Frameworks designed for the project with a view to elicit stakeholder feedback.
Participant Profile
The participants of the workshop were DM, Gaya; DDC, SDO, ADSS (Social Welfare);
Block Development Officers (BDOs); representatives from NGOs; consultants World Bank
and SSUPSW and SAKSHAM team members.
Overview of Session
The workshop began at 03:00 PM with the welcome address by ADSS (Social Welfare)
followed with self introduction by the participants.
In the first session, SAKSHAM team present the overview of the BISPS Project that
includes the project background; objectives; strategic context; project components with
special emphasis on social care centre- Buniyad Centre.
In the second session, overview of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies was shared by
the WB team. This has followed with presentation of the findings of the draft documents
including Social and Environment Assessment and Social and Environment Management
Frameworks were shared with the participants and suggestions were sought.
Key discussion points and suggestions
While reflecting on the presentation, DM emphasized that stakeholder consultation
at the beginning of the project is important in analyzing and understanding
resource available that can be contributed to the project by the various
stakeholders.
He reiterated that that since the project intends to provide services to older
persons, widows and persons with disabilities needs serious reflections around the
identified issues by the key stakeholders of the project. He was in the view that
today’s consultations would holds more meaning when it is supported with
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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intensive sharing and deliberations in the near future. He announced 22nd
November 13, for the follow-up consultation meetings with the key stakeholders in
Gaya.
On issue of identifying existing structure/ building for the social care service centre/
Buniyad Centre, DDC appreciated the idea. He gave his consent to find out one or
two existing building from where the service centre can be started after necessary
renovation.
On the issues of environment impact of Bunirad centres, the officials were in view
that such impacts are negligible and if there is any problem of water logging,
wetland or ditches found near the proposed sites/ lands that can be managed.
On the issues of social concern of the beneficiaries of the Buniyad Centres is
concerned, the officials feel that since all the service centres are coming up in
campus of the block the environment is conducive for the people to visit the centre.
They reiterated that public feel more comfortable to visit the block for various
services and they would not hesitate to visit the service centres either.
One of the most important health problems of the elderly is the cataract and the
problem gets compounded in case of disadvantaged, vulnerable or destitute elderly.
Therefore, project aim at providing services through Buniyad Centres can also be
included under the intervention.
There was yet another view to improve preparedness and resilience among the
older people, widows and persons with disabilities at risks through formation and
strengthening of Community Based Organizations is need to be integrated with the
services for beneficiaries of the project. This would provide them aspirations to
fight for being powerlessness by realizing own potentials and less dependent on
others or family members.
There was another view also shared by one participate that this centre should also
provide services to the leper. On this it was replied that since such persons need
different types of care and rehabilitation and for this several government’s schemes
are there and hence they cannot be included under the services of Buniyad Centre.
Program Schedule
Time Session
Key Person Responsible
for Presentation /
Anchoring Discussion
2.30 to 3.00 pm
Welcome, Inauguration and
Introduction:
Introduction to the Workshop
Introduction of Participants
Mr. Avinash Kumar ,
SSUPSW
3.00 to 3.15pm Introduction to the BISPS Project:
Objective, Components
Mr. Avinash Kumar,
SSUPSW
3.15 to 3.30 pm
Introduction to the Environmental
and Social Assessment Studies:
Overview of the World Bank’s
Safeguard Policies; Study
Methodology
Mr. Abdul Qayum,
Consultant, SSUPSW
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Time Session
Key Person Responsible
for Presentation /
Anchoring Discussion
3.00 to 3.45 pm
Presentation of findings of
Environmental Assessment, followed
by discussion and feedback from
participants
Mr. Abdul Qayum,
Consultant, SSUPSW
3.45 to 4.00pm
Presentation of Social Assessment
followed by discussion and feedback
from participants
Mr. Avinash Kumar,
SSUPSW
4.00 to 4.15 pm Presentation of Environmental and
Social Management Framework
World Bank Team &
SSUPSW
4.15 to 4.30 pm Discussion SSUPSW
4.30 to 4.35pm Closing remarks SSUPSW
4.35 to 4.40 pm Vote of thanks ADSS , Gaya
List of Participants
Photographs
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project
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Annexure 7
Review of Existing Capacity for Environment Management
1. Infrastructure Development Authority (IDA)
Staff profile
Designation/
Post Qualifications
No. of
posts Key role
Capacity building
needs for
environmental
management
Director (Project
Implementation)
Graduate Degree
in Engineering 1
Over all in-
charge of
program
implementation
All regular staff of
IDA has received
training on the
‘Green Building’
concept. However,
there is a
perceived need for
further training
and skill up
gradation in
environment
management.
Chief Consultant
(PDA/Tecnical/
BoT)
Graduate Degree
in Engineering 5
Project
supervision
Consultant
(Design)
Graduate Degree
in Engineering 1
In-house
checking
Consultant
Planning
Graduate Degree
in Engineering 1
In-house
checking
Consultant
(Technical)
Graduate Degree
in Engineering 21
Supervision
Executive Diploma in Civil
Engineering 33
Supervision
Note: IDA has a panel of experts in different technical areas including Green Buildings,
and it seeks their services as per the requirement of the projects. IDA’s regular staff
(listed in table above) is mainly involved in supervision and monitoring of construction
work.
Existing experience on environmental management
IDA has so far undertaken two projects that involved integration of environment-friendly
elements into construction. These are the Gaya Academic Block and the Forest Bhawan.
IDA has a well-equipped laboratory for monitoring quality of construction materials. It
has also on-site lab facilities for testing and monitoring construction. IDA employs third-
party evaluation support to ensure quality construction.
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2. SSUPSW
Staff Profile
Designation/Post Qualifications
and Experience
Number
of posts Key role
Capacity
building needs
for
environmental management
CEO
Indian Revenue
Service
One
Overall
coordination of
SSUPSW SSUPSW team in
the present
designated role
does not require
capacity building
in environment
management.
However, SPM
(M&E) and DPM
who are
responsible for
coordinating with
the technical
support agency
for construction
of environment
friendly buildings
and for ensuring
compliance of
construction
contractors with
code of practice
need training on
relevant aspects
of environmental
management.
CEO/ Deputy CEO M.Phil (NRM) One
Almost all the
team
members have
joined SSUPW
in January 12.
All the team
members have
been
functioning in
accordance
with their
designated
role.
State Program
Manager (SPM)-
Ultra poor
Post Graduate
Diploma in Rural
Development
(PGDRD)/ PG in
Public Health/
social science
One
SPM and PM (CB) PGDRD/ PGPRM One +
One
SPM and PM
(Communication &
Research)
MA (Mass
Communication)/
M.Phil
One +
One
PM-Nutrition Degree/ PhD in
Nutrition One
Project Coordinator
(PC)
Asst. PC
MBA One +
One
PM-Disability LSW/ B. Ed (Spl.
Education) One
PM-Service for
Older Person PGDRD One
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3. Profile of existing capacity of BRDS
3.1 Staff Profile
Designation/ Post
Qualifications Experience No. of posts
Key role
Capacity building needs
for environmental
management
Chief Operating Officer/
Managing Director
Two years full time Post Graduate Degree in any discipline OR Two years full
time PG Degree or Diploma in Management OR Four years Graduate Degree in Engineering, Agriculture & Allied Sciences.
14 years of handling state or national level
responsibility at
significant scale in any sector.
One Provide direction and leadership to achieve the vision, mission, and objectives of BRDS.
Be the guardian of the core principles of BRDS.
Provide direction and support at the regional, district and local level Programme collaboration and partnership with stakeholders including NGOs, private sector, financial institutions, and line departments.
Ensure that BRDS has both local and state level
impact of a demonstrably high quality.
Responsible for effective management of programmes and human resources of BRDS.
-
State Programme Director-
MNREGA
Two years full time Post Graduate Degree in any discipline OR Two years full
time PG Degree/Diploma in Management OR Two years full time MSW OR Four years Graduate Degree in
Engineering, Agriculture & Allied Sciences.
12 years’ experience in relevant domain such
as similar rural
development programmes at scale
One Overall responsibility for implementation of MNREGS according to the Act at state, district, block and panchayat levels.
Ensure that the programme meets its objectives and impacts the lives of the targeted beneficiaries.
Provide overall leadership and guidance to teams at the State, District, Block and Panchayat level.
Forge partnerships with other stakeholders
including line departments, private sectors and civil society organizations.
Overall coordination and supervision of programme implementation.
-
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Designation/ Post
Qualifications Experience No. of posts
Key role
Capacity building needs
for
environmental management
Director– Social Audit
Same as above. 8 years of work experience with demonstrated
commitment towards issues of transparency,
accountability in Governance
One Provide Policy guidance to BRDS on Social Audit Processes and ensure calendar based social audit.
Ensure the autonomy and purity of the social audit process and implementation.
Ensure that all policy level decisions related to the Social Audit are implemented.
Provide guidance and manage the Social Audit Directorate of BRDS.
Sensitize all stakeholders on social audit
process
Work towards brining full transparency in all BRDS programs.
-
Head - Capacity
Building, HR
and Facility Management
Two years full time Post Graduate Degree/Diploma in Management OR Two year
full time PG Degree/Diploma in Human Resource Management OR Two years
full time MSW.
Minimum 10 years of experience in HR/Facility
Management and Capacity Building
domain preferably of
handling operations at state/ national level
One Assess relevant training needs for staff
individuals and organization, in consultation with unit heads.
Develop Capacity Building Strategy, training modules and programmes to meet training and
development needs of all BRDS Staff.
Ensure quality of delivery of Capacity Building activities.
Ensure that Capacity Building efforts result in greater programme effectiveness in the field.
Orientation training in
environment
management to enable
coordination of
capacity building
programmes on
environmental management to
BRDS and MNREGS staff.
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Designation/ Post
Qualifications Experience No. of posts
Key role
Capacity building needs
for
environmental management
Team Leader – Monitoring,
Evaluation
and Learning
Two years full time PG Degree/Diploma in Management OR Two year
full time MSW OR Four years Graduate Degree in Engineering, Agriculture & Allied Sciences.
Minimum 10 years of experience in thematic domain preferably of
handling operations at state/national level
One Ensure the development of appropriate monitoring and learning environment and systems across BRDS.
Ensure successful roll out of the Monitoring and Evaluation systems across BRDS and will contribute towards capacity building of the staff.
Build a streamlined reporting system across all levels.
Conduct Review and monitoring of all
programmes.
Ensure that programme data is collected in a timely manner, analyzed to an appropriate
recognized standard, evaluated accurately, clearly and presented to BRDS management and to the people of Bihar.
Maintain and manage institutional memory of
BRDS.
Orientation training in
environment
management to enable
monitoring of environmental management
aspects of MNREGS and
IAY.
State Level Advisors
Engineering Four years Graduate Degree in Engineering or higher
Minimum 10 years of experience in thematic
domain preferably of
handling operations at state/national level
One Provide strategic guidance to BRDS in their respective thematic area, including formulating
policies, designing implementing guidelines and
ensuring quality implementation.
Partnership management with service providers both public and private, coordinating relationship with project stakeholders as well as external resource agencies
Convergence with Government department,
linkages with financial institutions, building capacity of NGOs and civil society organizations
Training on environment
management of
MNREGS works and IAY housing.
Natural
Resource Management
Four years Graduate Degree
in Engineering OR Two years full time PG Diploma in Management OR Two years full time Graduate Degree in Agriculture & Allied Sciences.
One
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Designation/ Post
Qualifications Experience No. of posts
Key role
Capacity building needs
for
environmental management
Institution & Capacity Building
Two years full time PG Diploma in Management OR Two years full time MSW OR
Two year fill time Post Graduate Degree/Diploma in Human Resource Management.
Minimum 10 years of experience in thematic domain preferably of
handling operations at state/ national level.
Undertake reviews, evaluations and research
(including field research) to further enhance quality of the programmes.
Provide trainings to Project staff, including handholding support wherever required
Orientation to enable
coordination of
capacity building
activities on environmental management in MNREGS and
IAY.
Convergence Coordinator
Two years full time PG Degree/Diploma in Management OR Four year
Graduate Degree in Engineering, Agriculture & Allied Sciences.
Minimum 8 years of experience particularly
in rural housing
preferably of handling operations at state/
national level
Build Partnerships and Linkages – with other government departments and programmes particularly IAY, private sector and civil society
organizations – for social inclusion, for economic inclusion & linkages - Training institutions, etc
Develop guidelines for building partnerships particularly for IAY.
Periodic review of partnerships
Training in environment management
aspects of IAY housing.
Monitoring, Evaluation
and Learning Team (2)
A full time Post Graduate Degree/Diploma in
Management OR full time MSW OR Four year Graduate
degree in Engineering, Agriculture & Allied Sciences.
At least 2 year experience in relevant
domain
09 Ensure successful roll out of the Monitoring & Learning Strategy
Guiding & Undertaking periodic evaluations including evaluation studies and other need
based documentation.
Thematic reviews of the programmes at the State Level
Undertaking Data analysis, trend analysis for strategic as well as operational decision
making.
Train other staff to carryout participatory and conventional monitoring and evaluation
Orientation/ training in to
enable monitoring of
environmental management
aspects of MNREGS and
IAY.
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Designation/ Post
Qualifications Experience No. of posts
Key role
Capacity building needs
for
environmental management
Programme Executives
(10)
Two years full time PG Degree/ Diploma in Management OR Two years
full time MSW OR a Four years Graduate Degree in Engineering, Agriculture or Allied Sciences
NIL 10 Managerial assistance to Directors, Team Leaders and State Level Advisors
Support rolling out of strategies at the district
and block levels
Documentation and Reporting
Liaise/ follow up with Districts/ stakeholders
Orientation on environment management
aspects of MNREGS and
IAY.
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3.2 Existing Experience on Environmental Management
3.2.1 Integration of environmental considerations into the planning process of
MGNREGS works: The works permitted under the MGNREGS are those which adhere to
good Natural Resource Management. These include works on water conservation;
drought proofing; plantation; soil and moisture conservation; land development; up
gradation of wastelands; recovery of wetlands and marshy lands, etc.
To facilitate this, the following have initiatives have been taken:
Decentralize planning up to ward level (sub-Gram Panchayat)
Provision for technical staff for a cluster of Gram Panchayats to provide technical
support to the ward Sabha to formulate plans for MNREGS works.
Provision for hiring of technical experts at district level.
3.2.2 Monitoring of quality of MNREGS works: The existing technical staff of the
Department of Rural Development catering to MGNREGS are as follows:
There is one Panchayat Technical Assistant per Gram Panchayat who takes
measurement of every work and is also responsible for ensuring quality check as
per the estimate.
There is one Junior Engineer for every 10 Gram Panchayats who is responsible for
quality check for 100 percent of the schemes under his charge.
There are Assistant Engineers and Executive Engineers at the district level who
are responsible for conducting quality checks on 10 percent of the schemes under
their charge.
In addition to this, teams of technical persons headed by senior Deputy Collectors
and other district level officials visit randomly selected Blocks/Panchayats on
every Wednesday and conduct a 100 percent verification of the MNREGS works
done.
Follow-up of the monitoring is carried out through: block level weekly review by
Program Officers on every Tuesday of all Panchayar Rozgar Sevaks (PRS);
monthly review by DM, DPC/DDC, ADPC; monthly review at the state level of
DDCs, weekly video conferencing with 10 poor-performing blocks every week by
the state monitoring team.
3.2.3 Good environmental management practices taken up in MGNREGS works
in Bihar: The provision for taking up plantation works under MNREGS by appointing one
Van Poskak (care-taker) for every unit of 200 plants has been instituted (by developing
detailed guidelines and schedule of rates) to ensure the survival and growth of the
saplings. This has resulted in the creation of large scale work in Tirhut, Gaya, Patna,
Munger, etc., and has also led to the creation of green cover. The scheme has also
emphasized on promotion of organic manures. Detailed guidelines (and schedule of
rates) of organic manures have been issued. Training workshops by resource persons in
organic farming such as Subhas Palekar have been organized both at the state level and
in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Begusarai, etc.
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3.2.4 Integration of environmental management in IAY housing:
IAY guidelines provide for construction of earthquake resistant houses with
provisions for smokeless cookstoves, toilet and plantation of trees. The guidelines
also provide a framework for convergence with total sanitation campaign. The
construction of IAY houses is done by the beneficiaries themselves. While there is
emphasis on providing design and technical support for the construction, no fund
is allocated for the same from the Central Government.
The quality monitoring of the houses is in the hands of beneficiaries themselves.
In cases where the state has made a specific intervention like in Kosi region,
flood resistant houses are being built with the technical support of the state, by
providing an additional state support of Rs 20,000 per housing unit.
Monitoring of the construction up to plinth and lintel level, and, construction of
toilets is monitored by the Panchayat Sachiv (Secretary). Weekly monitoring and
follow up/review are done by the Block Development Officers (BDOs). Monthly
review meeting is being carried out by DM/DDC.
Examples of integration of good environment management practices in IAY in
Bihar include the construction of flood resistant houses in the Kosi region,
convergence with smokeless chulhas in Madhubani and Nalanda districts, and,
convergence of the IAY program with the total sanitation campaign.