Environment and Environment and Sustainable Development Sustainable Development DST 100 03/22/22 Eulalia Enviroment 1
Dec 30, 2015
Environment and Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development
DST 100
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Definition :Environment Definition :Environment
Conditions within which organisms live, It is the result of interaction between
living and non living parametersNon living chemical and physical
parameters or a bioticLiving parameters or biotic
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Environment Environment
All external conditions affecting life, development and organisms survival
Environment can be defined as the external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism.
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Concepts used in Environment Concepts used in Environment
Biotic: Living side of the environment
A bioticNon living component of the environment
EcoEnvironment quality
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Concepts used in EnvironmentConcepts used in Environment
Ecology Interrelatedness of living organisms with
each other and with their environment
Eco system A community of living organisms that are
interacting with one another and with their physical environment
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Concepts used in Environment Concepts used in Environment
Species Group of organisms that can interbreed
successfully to produce fertile off spring
Biodiversity Contraction of the word biological
biodiversity. It means variability among organisms at all levels eg species variations, community variations
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Environment ComponentsEnvironment Components
Environmental elements are :Air and its componentsLand and its componentsVegetationAnimals Micro organismsWater
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Environment and Environment and Development Development
Q Discuss the relationship between
poverty and environment
Resources from the environment provide livelihoods and play different
Roles in different economic sectors agriculture, mining, tourism industry),
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Environment and Dev.(Cont..)Environment and Dev.(Cont..)
Environment provides construction materials, fuel wood, medicine water and food.
The environment is thus linked to development in different ways and in a contradictory way.
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Environment and Dev.(Cont..)Environment and Dev.(Cont..)
In the process of development social, economic challenges facing the human beings are taken into account so that capacity of the environment to carry the challenges are taken into consideration.
Q Discuss environmental contradictions
encountered in the process of development
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Environmental use contradictionsEnvironmental use contradictions
Environment provides resources for human dev.(land , minerals ,forestswater)
Development converts the environment into further usable forms,
These forms alters and limits further opportunities for future development
Thus two relationships views of SD (positive and negative)
Conclude using the IPAT model (slide16)
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IPAT modelIPAT model
IPAT model advocates the joint function of humanity and other organisms in environmental mismanagement and hence its destruction
I=Impact of human and other living organisms on environment
P=Population A= Affluence (consumption per capita) T=Technology
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Sustainable Development (SD)Sustainable Development (SD)Concept Concept
Means development that lasts.Development that meets the needs of
present generation without compromising/endangering the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.
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What makes SDWhat makes SD
Social Goals Sustains institutions , improves justice
and encourages participation Economic Goals Ensures basic needs, equity and
employment opportunities Environmental Goals Maintains genetic diversity which
maximizes productiviy and renewal
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Sustainable Development (cont…)Sustainable Development (cont…)
Human activity that nourishes and perpetuates the historical fulfilments of the whole community life on earth.
Activity should balance economic, social, and environmental benefits through implementation of development policies, programs, and projects that will enhance one type of benefit without jeopardising benefits of others
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Challenges of Sustainable Challenges of Sustainable Development Development
Population in most African countries double within 20-30 years but does not match with progress in production technology.
Degradation of natural resource reduces productivity of the poor who rely on them.
Poor can hardly manage environment.
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Challenges of Sustainable Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)Development (cont..)
About 2/3 of population in sub-Saharan Africa live in rural areas relying on agriculture hence degrade land.
Potentials for irrigation are limited hence resulting to high risk of drought.
Overgrazing – 20% of land productivity is lost. Deforestation continues such that forests are
receding by 3-4 million hectares /year. Continued loss of natural inhabitants.
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Challenges of Sustainable Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)Development (cont..)
Cities provides economic opportunities but impart some challenge on environment e.g. health consequences, waste management, competition for insufficient social services like water supply, education transport system etc.
Effects of migrants include refugees.
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Challenges of Sustainable Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)Development (cont..)
Evolution of market economies which are not supported by relevant environmental policies and regulations.
Political transition in an extremely fragmented continent; have suffered breakdown of order due to war/social unrest. It also limits the capacity of each country to deal with its own countries environmental concerns.
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Environmental PlanningEnvironmental Planning
Environmental Planning has been defined as the analysis of how people impact natural resources in the process of harnessing nature for their livelihoods.
Decisions made regarding development and conservation, zoning, and land use may have visible and invisible impacts on the environment.
Environmental planning is also a study which guides the society on how to take car and manage its resources and those of the planet as a whole
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Environmental Planning ActivitiesEnvironmental Planning Activities
Integrating the public sector as well as private sectors in planning taking into consideration the environmental concerns
Protecting natural resources for future generations,
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Environmental Planning Activities Environmental Planning Activities (Cont…)(Cont…)
Identifying problem areas erosion hazards, and threatened sensitive areas
Developing strategies for correcting those problems.
Coordination of public education for new and changing environmental acts, policies and regulations;
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Environment DegradationEnvironment Degradation
loss of natural areas Loss of wildlife and other living
organisms , contamination of land, water pollution air pollution Noise pollution
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The impact of HA on the The impact of HA on the Environment Environment
Environment al Degradation is caused by
the social economic, institutional and technological human activities
Environmental changes are a result of: Growth, urbanization, intensification of agriculture, increased energy use and transportation
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The impact of HA on the The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)Environment (cont..)
In the process of using land, the earths surface is damaged
through:Poor agricultural practicesGrowth of human populationResettlement activitiesOvergrazing Bush fires Mining and quarrying
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The impact of HA on the The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)Environment (cont..)
Deforestation means clearing of wood vegetation from the land surface .This is another HA whose causes are:
Cutting down trees for fuel wood, construction and medicine
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The impact of HA on the The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)Environment (cont..)
The impact of deforestation includes:Loss of resourcesGlobal loss of terrestrial carbon (greenish
matter)Degradation of cleared land Social economic and political factors
associated
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The impact of HA on the The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)Environment (cont..)
Pollution is another impact of HAPollution is the process of contaminating
the atmosphere( air water or soil) Pollution in TZ. Is more seen in urban areas than the rural
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The impact of HA on the The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)Environment (cont..)
Causes of pollution are :Industrial smoke, burning wastes and
smoke emitted from vehicles (AIR )Water pollution is caused by poor sewage
control mining mercury) and agricultural chemicals run off
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The impact of HA on the The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)Environment (cont..)
Soil pollution is caused by oil spills from industrial activities, plastics
disposals, agro chemicals and industrial wastes
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Efforts of Tanzania in SDEfforts of Tanzania in SD
National environmental Act 1983Which was repealed in2004 by National Environmental Management Act And later 2005
National Environmental Policy 1997Cross sectoral policies Rectification of different international
conventions and declaring commitment in environment protection
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Efforts of Tanzania in SD (cont…)Efforts of Tanzania in SD (cont…)
Integrating environmental concerns in different functions and structures of the government like: the local government environmental
committees) and in central government (cabinet minister
responsible for environment )
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Components of SD(cont..)Components of SD(cont..)
SD development is composed of social, environment and economic components
Socially the there must be an improved access to
social services, improved awareness on the environment and development concerns and development of sensitive culture
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Components of SD(cont..)Components of SD(cont..)
Economically Creation of awareness on how to use
resources for development with caution with out compromising the future generations rights foe the same
(discuss in relation to the role of the environment to economic development)
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Components of SD(cont..)Components of SD(cont..)
Environmental Environment and development rltship isSimple and complex at the same time:Development uses environment resources
sand converts them into other usable resources while environment provides the resources to development
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Components of SD(cont..)Components of SD(cont..)
As such, the results of these relationships can be positive thus attainment of economic development, o negative thus the problems of environmental degradation ion
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