Environment

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Ali A. Al-Tamimi Trading and Contracting Company is a leading company in a variety of fields, including industry, power, water, oil, and gas. It supplies electro-mechanical parts and chemicals; executes industrial and electrical projects; provides solutions for environment protection, control systems and pipeline related services and maintenance for mega companies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The company occupies a distinguished position, thanks to the strong and stable solvency of the company and the long experiences it has. The company has formed strategic partnerships with global renowned companies aiming to offer the best services to its customers. It has proven its ability to be a successful example in realizing growth by offering solutions and services that satisfy its customers. In addition, the company maintains close relationships with its customers. Its success has resulted from its focus on three virtual elements. They are: quality of the products and services offered; an effective, highly experienced work team; and adopting an ambitious strategy for growth by establishing branches in various areas of the country with the purpose of being constantly close to its customers. Ali A. Al-Tamimi Trading and Contracting Company strives to be a strategic partner in developing the power and industry sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides its customers with the best solutions to gain their confidence and to become the quality mark for all of its stakeholders. . Energy DivisionThe Energy Division ,a business unit of Ali A .Al-Tamimi Trading and Contracting Company, is one of the leading spare parts suppliers, providing market-leading products, services and solutions, for the most challenging applications in the oil and gas, power, energy, mining, petrochemical, sewage water treatment and cement industries. Throughout our portfolio of trusted brands, we deliver a full suite of gas engines, gas turbine parts, motors, valves and flow elements, generators, compressors, pumps, filters, transformers, and mechanical and electrical equipment.The quality of the products provided through a strong network supported locally by technically qualified and experienced engineers has enabled us to provide our products to the largest customers in the region and become a primary supplier to Saudi Aramco, SABIC and Saudi Electric Company. Through partnerships with our customers, we keep their operations running safely, minimize downtime, and enhance lifecycle performance. Together, we are creating a more sustainable tomorrow.

Industrial Solution DivisionThe Industrial Division is the industry leader in offering a range of focused solutions, products and services to the main sectors in the country, including its oil and gas, power, mining, petrochemical, and energy service sectors.

The services and product offerings depend on the environment, sector, and on the application required. The Industrial Division includes infrastructure supplies, turbine and compressor valve modification and industrial services and products including fabrication, coating and blasting equipment, oil field chemicals, process chemicals, control systems, calibration, and pipe line inspection services.The Industrial Division has built up its expertise by combining experience and innovation of established operations with a proven track record of delivery and excellence.

Projects & Services DivisionThe Projects & Services Division is an innovative department that works as an EPC contractor ,providing turnkey solutions in power generation, oil and gas ,and petrochemical industries.The Projects & Services Division works closely with large and small manufacturers worldwide to provide end users with solutions tailored to their exact specifications and requirements.The Projects & Services Division has international alliances with experienced partners ,for special requirements and international project support .Moreover ,the strong relationship with Original Equipment Manufacturers( OEMs )facilitates access to know-how in addition to the exchange of technology and the possibilities of investing in development and research.The scope of the division covers gas & steam turbines over-hull/upgrade/modification ,turbines inlet filter house/ exhaust system, oil treatment ,boiler and heat recovery services ,gas engine ,valves services and renewable energy.

Automation ,Measurements & Environmental Solutions Division (AMES)This is a high-tech division that provides automation and sensing elements ,devices ,instruments ,flow meters ,analyzers and smart solutions in a highest level of engineering ,design and quality. Integrating and installing the state-of-the-art technologies of the industrial sector for our valuable partners to monitor ,protect ,validate and control the critical flow and processes with just the touch of the hand.Our center of excellence serves ,calibrates ,and repairs gas ,control, water ,electrical ,temperature ,pressure and moisture sensors. The Automation Department provides a wide range of products and services solutions ,including PLC ,PAC ,SCADA ,DCS .ESD ,RTU ,TMR and MES in both software and hardware as a system integrator .Our measurements & environmental solutions include supplying and servicing best class brands of Instruments and analyzers such as GE ultrasonic flow meters ,Coriolis mass flow meters ,gas and moisture analyzers ,and temperature and pressure calibration instruments for field calibration services and metrology laboratories .In addition ,we are partnering with a very well-known manufacturer( Thermo Fisher Scientific )to deliver high-quality environmental systems such like continuous emissions monitoring systems( CEMS ,)air quality analyzers, and water analytical instruments.

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Telephone: 0545228888Fax: 03 346 7714

[email protected]

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Under the patronage of

His Highness Prince Saud bin Abdullah bin Thunayyan Al-SaudChairman of the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RCJY)

13

We are pleased to welcome you to Jubail International Environment Conference, organized by the Royal

Commission in Jubail, under the theme Environment and Industry in Harmony, in conjunction with World

Environment Day.

The aim of this conference is to discuss the best environmental practices in industrial cities, share the

latest practices and experiences and promote dialogue between decision makers, City authorities, planners,

developers and individuals in various disciplines. The conference also aims to present the best environmental

control experiences and achievements.

The organization of this conference confirms the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu belief in the harmony

between environment and industry. Jubail Industrial City is a Saudi model that tells the story of planning combined

with the will to achieve the comprehensive civic and industrial development seen today at all local, regional and

international levels.

The Royal Commission in Jubail supports the organization of more of such important environmental conferences,

considering future challenges caused by the increased number of industries which coincides with the trust put in it by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques to administer Ras Al-Zawr Mineral Industrial City. The Royal Commission is committed to ensure environmental health and safety of citizens, keeping abreast of the latest developments and

using the best available environmental control and monitoring technologies, especially since the Royal Commission

has a proven track record of achievements in the field of environmental control and protection as it has received

numerous international awards in this respect.

Finally, we hope that we achieve the goals of this conference, wishing you luck and success.

Environmental Protection and Control Department

Royal Commission in Jubail

Welcome Speech

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Global Environmental Management Services (GEMS)

ALI A TAMIMI TRADING CO.

National Environmental Preservation Co. (BeeAh)

Saudi Basic Industries Corporation

S-Chem

Environment Development Co. Ltd (EDCO)

Advanced Petrochemical Company

Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Co.

Saudi Asma Environmental Solutions - SAES

TASNEE

Nature Environmental Studies and Services

Australian Laboratory Services Arabia Co. Ltd.

Drr Systems GmbH

Gulf Advanced Control Systems GACS Arabia

Arabian Environmental Science Company Ltd ARENSCO

Global Suhaimi Company (GSC)

Arabian Technical Trading Est.

Environmental Studies and Consultations Office ESCO

Saudi Environmental Services Group

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Abdul Karim H Al Sinan & Partner for Trading Co.

ERI-RGME

Exhibitors :

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Floorplan :

16

Day 1 - 5th JunE 2011

09:00 - 10:45 Conference Director

Prime Keynote Speaker :

Dr. axel Michaelowa, Current Status of the Carbon Market and Prospects for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Sponsors Speech: Dr. Amyn S. Dahya CEO, Global Environmental Management Services Ltd.

Environmental Best Practice Award

Sponsors Recognition Award

Exhibition Opening

Technical Session 1 : Air Quality - Session Chairman: Dr. Ahmad Al-Hazmi

10:45 - 11:00 Dr. Ahmet Aksakal Environmental Protection and Control Department, Royal Commission for Jubail, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia Quality of Air in the Jubail Industrial City, and Its Comparison with Yanbu and Other Major Cities in the World

11:00 - 11:15 Ali A Al-AnaziSafety Health & Environment Section Head, Industrial Security & Environment Dept.Al-Jubail Fertilizer CompanyUrea Dust & Ammonia Control from Urea Prilling Tower

11:15 - 11:30 Abdulrazaq A. Al-Mousa Saudi Arabian Fertilizer Company (SAFCO) - Ibn Al-Baytar, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia Urea Granulator Ammonia Abatement Project

11:30 -11:45 Rich Hovan Rockwell Automation, USA Reducing Emissions through Predictive Emissions Monitoring and Control

11:45 11:55 Break

11:55 - 12:10 Dr. Asad Al-Thukair Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Tropospheric Ozone Concentrations in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

12:10 - 12:25 Mohammed I. Abdulsalam Jeddah Municipality, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in the City of Jeddah

12:25 -12:40 Dr. Mouaid Hassen Al-Saadoon Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia The Elemental Carbon Measurement as an indicator for dpm Using Improve ECOC Method

12:40 - 12:55 Dr. Ferhat Karaca Environmental Engineering Department, Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey An Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment Protocol in Commercial, Residential and Educational Places

12:55 - 13:10 Open Discussion Q & A

13:10 - 14:00 Lunch Break

Opening Session

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Technical Session 2 Water Quality - Session Chairman: Dr. Hussein M. Al-Beshrey

14:00 - 14:15 Keynote: Saad A. Turaiki Vice President, Southern Area Oil Operations, Saudi AramcoChairman, GPA-GCC (Gas Processor Association of the GCC)Saudi Aramco Environmental Leadership

14:15 - 14:30 Dr. S. A. M. Ismail Rashid Geotechnical & Materials Engineers (RGME), Royal Commission Environmental Control Project, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia.Benefits of Mineral Content in Drinking Water and the Revised Royal Commission Environmental Regulations (RCER 2010) on Drinking Water Quality in Saudi Arabia

14:30 - 14:45 Dr. Nouri Hassan Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaThe Influence of Industrial Emission on the Kinetic Speciation in Atmospheric Precipitation Samples: Investigated by CLEM/AdCSV and ASV.

14:45 - 15:00 Dr. Nuhu D. Muazua University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia Electrochemical Decontamination of Wastewaters Containing Toxic Substances Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

15:00 15:10 Break

15:10 - 15:25 Edwin C. Obra Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia Iron Activation of Montmorillonite for the Removal of Chromium (VI) and Cadmium from Wastewater

15:25 - 15:40 Dr. M. Ashraf Gondal Laser Research Group, Physics Department and Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Laser Enhanced Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Waste Water using nano Structured Metal Oxides as Photo-catalysts

15:40 - 15:55 Dr. Ramanujam Saravanathamizhana Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, Saudi Arabia Photocatalytic Oxidation of Textile Dye Effluent Using Titanium Oxide Nano Particle in CSTR: Modeling and Optimization by RSM

15:55 - 16:10 Dr. Abdel-Nasser Kawde Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran , Saudi Arabia Electrochemical Sensors for On-Site Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Potable Waters in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia



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Technical Session 3 Air Quality - Session Chairman: Dr. Ahmet Aksakal

08:00 - 08:15 Dr. Hussein M. Beshrey Environmental Protection and Control Department, Royal Commission for Jubail, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia , Royal Commission Environmental Regulations

08:15 - 08:30 Jaffar Al-MahmodiRoyal Commission for Yanbu Industrial City WoodsHole Company, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Prediction Of Ground Level NOX Concentration Due To Industries And Traffic Emissions Over YIC

08:30 - 08:45 Omar HusseinKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Forecasting of Groundlevel Ozone Exceedences in Eastern Province (KSA) a Case Study (19942006-) Using a Time Series Model

08:45 - 09:00 Dr. Zia Mahmood Siddiqi General Studies Department, Jubail University College, jubail industrial City, Saudi Arabia Mercury in Ambient Air: Need for Monitoring

09:00 09:10 Break

09:10 - 09:25 Radhi Al-ShammariIbn Zahr, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia Performance of Low NOx Burners in Existing Auxiliary Boilers in Ibn Zahr

09:25 - 09:40 Hans Gerd KnoopMEMAC Consultant, Manama, Bahrain MEMACs Response to Maritime Challenges in the ROPME Sea Area

09:40 - 09:55 Ali Abo SenaNational Cleaner Production Center, Egypt Cleaner Production as a Profitable Tool for Investment: Experiences and Lessons Learnt .


10:10 - 10:45 Coffee Break

Technical Session 4: Hazardous Material and Waste Management - Session Chairman: Mouaid H. Al-Saadoon

10:45 - 11:00 Dr. Muhammad Saleem Department of Civil Engineering, Jubail University College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia Electrokinetic Decontamination of Metal Contaminated Soil: Evaluation of Operating Parameters

11:00 - 11:15 Christopher J. WebbGreenTech, Saudi Arabia Waste to Energy Technology: Green Solutions to Waste Disposal & Energy Recovery

11:15 - 11:30 M.F. Abdel-SabourSaudi ASMA Environmental Solution, Environmental Studies Department, Saudi Arabia Decontamination of Radioactive-Contaminated Soils

11:30 -11:45 Dr. Mohammad Nahid SiddiquiDepartment of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Recycling of Waste Plastic into Useful Products

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11:45 11:55 Break

11:55 - 12:10 Syed Abdul MofizAssistant Professor, Jubail University College, Jubail industrial City, Saudi Arabia Geosynthetic Clay Liners and its Field Applications in Landfill

12:10 - 12:25 Dr. Amyn S. DahyaGlobal Environmental Management Services Ltd. Integrated Waste Management - A Model for Industrial Sustainability

12:25 -12:40 Dr. Omer AgaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia Bio-Gas Production from Organic Municipal Waste in Istanbul, Turkey

12:40 - 12:55 Dr. Hussam JabbadChemical Engineering Department, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia Analysis for Groundwater in Areas Populated with Camel Farms near to Petrochemical Industries in Jubail Industrial City


13:10 - 14:00 Lunch

Technical Session 5: Marine and Wildlife Conservation - Session Chairman: Dr. Assad A. Al-Thukair

14:00 - 14:15 Dr. Muhammad F. Al RashedDirector Water Resources Division, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR).Evaluation of the Off-Specifications Injection Water on the Fresh Groundwater, Northern Kuwait

14:15 - 14:30 Brendan OConnor AQUAFACT International Services Ltd., 12, Kilkerrin Park , Galway, Ireland. Sediment Profile Imagery (SPI), A Novel, Fast and Cost Effective Monitoring Tool for the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry

14:30 - 14:45 Jaime C. SyRoyal Commission for Yanbu Industrial City , WoodsHole Company, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Abundance and Distribution of Mangrove Avicennia marina at Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, KSA

14:45 - 15:00 Hamoud bin Suleiman Al MaskryDirector of Secretariat, Riyadh-MoU on Port State ControlHow can Riyadh-MoU Port State Control Officers contribute on Marine Pollution Protection During Inspections

15:00 15:10 Break

15:10 - 15:25 Gazi Al-OtaibiRoyal Commission for Yanbu Industrial City, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Environmental Awareness Program at Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah during the period (2008 - 2011)

15:25 - 15:40 Dr. Humood A. NaserDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain Effects of Reclamation on Coastal and Marine Ecosystems in Bahrain: The Need for Strategic Environmental Assessment


15:45 - 16:00 Closing Remarks and End of Conference (Dr. Hussein M. Al-Beshrey)

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

GEMS, Global Environmental Management Services

Ijaz A Rabbani

Director, Marketing & Business

02-6145733

02-6145906

[email protected]

www.gems-ksa.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Ali A. Tamimi Trading & Contracting Co.

Abdulrahman Al-Omair

Sales manager Jubail Area

0545228888

03 346 7714

[email protected]

www.tco.com.sa

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Sabic

Khalid Mohammed Al-Sufayan

Manager, Corporate Communications (Eastern province)

+996 (3) 345 2800

+966 3 347 3088

[email protected]

www.sabic.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Saudi Chevron Philips

Ahmed Al-Olayan

Public Relations Sr. Specialist

03 3596333 / 0500646444

03 3583680

[email protected]

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

The National Environmental Preservation Co. (BeeAh)

Irfan Syed

Industry Coordinator

03-358-8008 Ext.271

03- 358-8584

[email protected]

www.beeah.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Saudi Asma Environmental Solutions

Fouad Fadil Basyyoni

Deputy General Manager - Business Development

+966 2 699 8696

+966 2 699 6950

[email protected]

http://www.saes-enviro.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Advanced Petrochemical Co.

Ali A. Al-Asmari

Presidents Office Supervisor

03 356 6061

03 359 2000

[email protected]

http://www.advancedpetrochem.com/

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Company

Khalid Nasser Al-Ghamdi

Public Relations Coordinator

+966 3 3572973

+966 3 3572117

[email protected]

www.sasref.com.sa

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Saudi Environmental Services Group

Khalid Zaid Al Roweidan

C. E. O.

00966 1 462 0708

00966 1 464 5393

[email protected]

www.saudienvo.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Environment Development Co., Ltd (EDCO)

Mamdoh M. Miran

Technical Managing Director

03 367 0026 / 03 367 0064

03 367 0200

[email protected]

www.edco.com.sa

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Environmental Studies and Consultation Office ESCO

Dr. ziad Abu Kaddourah

Technical Director

0558177731

026531922

[email protected] &[email protected]

www.escoksa.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

TASNEE

Mufleh S. Al-Shammari

Manager, Public Relations

+966 1 476 7166 Ex. 240

+966 3 359 7202

M. [email protected]

www.tasnee.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Australian Laboratory Services Arabia Co. Ltd.

Hasan Mouslle

Business Development Manager

00966-3-834 5959

00966 3 834 7676

[email protected]

www.alsarabia.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Arabian Technical Trading Est. (ATTEST)

Sainulabdeen Anzar

Product Manager

+966 3 834 1924 xt.147

+966 3 834 2071

[email protected]

www.attest.com.sa

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Drr Systems GmbH, Environmental and Energy Systems

Saeed Al Hosani

GCC representative

+971504443144

+97137610084

[email protected]

www.durr.com

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

GULF ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS EST

ISHRATH ABDUL KHADER

GENERAL MANAGER

03 677 2135

03 6682303

[email protected] / [email protected]

www.gacsarabia.com

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Global Suhimi

Eng. Yousef AlBloushi

Vice President

+966 (0) 3 857 1953 ext:

+966 (0) 3 857 7246

[email protected]

www.globalsuhaimi.net

Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

39

Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Arabian Environmental Science Ltd Company

Steve Rundle


038961590

038961591

[email protected]

www.arensco.com

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Abdul Karim H Al Sinan & Partner for Trading company

Fayez Al Sinan

Managing Director

03 362 3939/ 362 55 22

03 361 8433

[email protected] [email protected]

www.sinanakh.com

Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Kytos Arabia

Kytos Arabia

Kytos Arabia

Kytos Arabia

Kytos Arabia

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Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

Nature Environmental Studies and Services

Haitham Samour


+966 5400 95559

+966 3 8822 063

[email protected]

www.naturegcc.com under construction

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ERI-RGME (Engineering & Research International in

partnership with Rashid Geotechnical & Materials Engineers).

Dr Mohamed Ismail S.A.

Program Manager

03 340 4230

03 340 4229

[email protected]

www.rgme.com www.rgmejubail.com

Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

43

Company Name:

Contact Person:

Title:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Websites:

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

(3) 860 0000

(3) 860 3306

www.kfupm.edu.sa

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SAUDI ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES GROUP SES is keen to provide environmental services in accordance to highest local and international standard and taking into consideration health and safety measures.

1) AL MURJAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY Facility is designed and operated as per the environmental standards and regulations of RCJY, PME for Following Activities: Waste Storage Facilities Waste Treatment Facilities Resource Recovery Thermal Treatment System Waste Disposal Facilities Landfill Units Laboratory & Environmental Analysis

2) KAID AL INJAZ MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT project for hazardous medical waste treatment is based on offering disposal services of hazardous medical waste for the public and private health sectors in the Kingdom. Company system is The system of project has a number of operational and environmental features such as: Reduction of waste volume in the initial treatment phase by 97%. The project is using a recycling system in which the ash resulting from processing will be treated and recycled. The ash is 3% of waste volume. The thermal oxidation system will take all medical waste at elevated temperatures of 1800 - 2600F. The control system is fully automated and computerized. It is equipped

3) NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING (NIET) Started on 2003 is a division of Saudi Environmental Services Group and part of a new initiative to fulfill a critical need for quality health, safety and environmental training programs in the Kingdom. NIET conducts regular training sessions (workshops) in the field of health, safety, metrology and environment.

4) SAUDI ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES The main objective is to assist developers, from both private and public sectors, to comply with the various national and international environmental legislations which are increasingly effecting the manner in which organizations operates in a corporate world. Risk Assessment Studies Environmental Site Assessment Services Environmental Auditing Remediation and Treatment Engineering Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization Air Pollution Control and Monitoring

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QuaLIty OF aIR In thE JuBaIL InDuStRIaL CIty, anD ItS COMPaRISOn WIth yanBu anD OthER MaJOR CItIES In thE WORLD

Ahmet AksakalEnvironmental Protection and Control Department

Royal Commission for Jubail, PO Box 10001, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia [email protected]

aBStRaCt

Air emissions from the industrial facilities have significant potential to cause environmental harms and human health problems. The Jubail Industrial City (JIC) has a number of industrial facilities including twenty primary industries, thirty-one secondary industries, and over one hundred and fifty light manufacturing and support industries. Mainly methane dominated natural gas is consumed as fuel by these industries. The Royal Commission Environmental Protection and Control Department (RC-EPCD) operates seven environmental stations to monitor the meteorological, air and water quality parameters in the JIC. The main aim of the RC-EPCD is to ensure the environmental quality (i.e., air, water and soil) within its boundaries with respect to its own environmental standards and regulations in JIC is fully maintained at a high standard regardless of the number of industries operating.

Three main objectives of this paper are to i) describe the quality of air in the JIC area using the recent year measured air quality data (i.e., 2009), ii) make a brief comparison of air quality concentrations between JIC and Yanbu Industrial City (YIC) using the available recent year data set (i.e., 2007, 2008, and 2009), and iii) compare observed air quality parameters with those of measured in some of the major cities in the world. The criteria air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, particulate matters and hydrocarbons are the main parameters concerned for the comparisons study.

The preliminary results showed for the year 2009 that the air pollutants comply with the RCER standards, except particulate matters. The exceedances of particulate matter are mostly due to natural dust and sand storms. The following additional conclusions can also be made from this study by comparing the measured quality parameters in JIC with those obtained from YIC and major world cities.

1. Air pollutant concentrations in JIC are found to be lower than those of many other cities.2. The followings are believed to play a crucial role in achieving low air pollutant concentrations in the JIC: (i) Use of natural gas as fuel for the industry,

(ii) Application of best available technology, and (iii) Strict environmental control.

KEy WORDS: Air quality and assessment of industrial pollution.

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uREa DuSt & aMMOnIa COntROL FROM uREa PRILLInG tOWER

Najeeb I Al-WabliAl-Jubail Fertilizer Company Albayroni

aBStRaCt

Emissions from Prill Tower Urea manufacturing are mainly Ammonia & Particulate matter. Ammonia is emitted during the solution synthesis and solids production process. Particulate matter is emitted during Prilling process. Prilling is a process by which solid particles are produced from molten Urea is sprayed from the top of a Prill Tower. As the liquid droplets fall through a countercurrent air flow, they cool and solidify into nearly spherical particles. ALBAYRONI conducted the feasibility study to reduce the Prill Tower dust emission and ammonia reduction. Based on the study recommendation, in year 2007 the project initiated and completed in year 2009. To comply with the Royal Commission Environmental Regulation and care the Jubail Industrial environment, a successful completion of this project is in operation. The final values are lower than the RCER 2004 air emission limits for both Ammonia & Urea Dust

abdulrazaq a. al-Mousa

Saudi arabian Fertilizer Company (SaFCO) - Ibn al-Baytar, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi arabia

urea Granulator ammonia abatement Project

aBStRaCt

The case study implemented at Saudi Arabian Fertilizer Company (SAFCO) located in Al-Jubail Industrial City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is for reducing ammonia emissions from urea granulator stacks. As a proactive approach for environment protection and sustainable development, SAFCO decided to implement Urea Granulator Ammonia Abatement (UGAA) project for all its 4 plants (SF2, SF3, SF4 & IBB urea granulators).

In Urea granulation plants, the liquid urea feed stock to the granulation section is a concentrated solution of urea, which contains some dissolved ammonia. This residual ammonia is flashed in granulation section and ammonia is released with cooling air to atmosphere through the urea granulation stack. UGAA project envisages installation of additional scrubbers using sulfuric acid as the scrubbing medium to reduce the ammonia emissions from urea granulators, in line with the application of best available technique (BAT) as per European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association (EFMA). This will reduce the ammonia emissions from all urea granulators (as compared to the existing emissions) well below the local regulations requirement and will generate ammonium sulfate as a by-product.

The paper describes the details of technological development for project, challenges faced, local regulations requirements and expected results of ammonia emissions from urea granulator.

48

Reducing Emissions through Predictive Emissions Monitoring and Control

Rich hovan

Rockwell Automation, 9500 Arboredum Blvd., Suite 400, Austin TX, 78759Tel: +1-214-914-7558 Fax: +1-512-438-1401

[email protected]

a COMBuStOR/BuRnER IS FIRED vIa a CaRBOn-BaSED FuEL SuCh aS natuRaL GaS, OIL, COaL OR SOME FORM OF BIOMaSS that IS COntInuOuSLy FED IntO thE COMBuStOR ChaMBER. WhEn thIS haPPEnS, tOtaL MatERIaL anD POLLutant DEStRuCtIOn taKES PLaCE. thE COnSuMPtIOn OF thIS FuEL RESuLtS In a COSt-tO-OPERatE PROCESS. MInIMIzInG thIS PROCESS REDuCES FuEL COnSuMPtIOn anD EMISSIOnS OutPut, anD Can BE aChIEvED By OPtIMIzInG BuRnER EFFICIEnCy thROuGh IMPLEMEntatIOn OF a PREDICtIvE EMISSIOnS MOnItORInG SyStEM (PEMS).

IMPLEMEntatIOn OF PREDICtIvE EMISSIOnS MODEL COntROL, WhEn COMBInED WIth a PEMS, Can FuRthER REDuCE EMISSIOnS anD OPERatInG COStS. aPPLyInG MODELInG StRatEGIES In ORDER tO REDuCE nOx thROuGh OPtIMIzatIOn OF EMISSIOnS COntROL EQuIPMEnt COMBInED WIth BOILER/tuRBInE COMBuStIOn EFFICIEnCy Can RESuLt In a DRaMatIC REDuCtIOn In OPERatInG COStS. thESE REDuCtIOnS aRE aCCOMPLIShED By REDuCInG EMISSIOnS anD WaStE, IMPROvInG EnERGy EFFICIEnCy anD PROvIDInG CLEanER POWER at a REDuCED COSt.

thIS PRESEntatIOn WILL DISCuSS: Using predictive emissions monitoring and modeling to reduce emissions and operating costs The importance of combustion optimization in building a model to effectively measure emissions The application of model control methodologies, including strategies for combustion optimization,

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) optimization, and integrating combustion and SCR optimization A software-based approach to cost-effectively providing source emissions reporting with continuous

parameter validation

49

assessment of ambient air Quality in the City of Jeddah

Mohammed I. Abdulsalam, Hani M. AburasJeddah Municipality, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mohamed A. ZytoonDept. of Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

aBStRaCt

The rapid urban growth in the city of Jeddah during the last few decades has lead to an increase in electricity and water demand, industrial activities, and traffic density, with a subsequent increase in fossil fuel consumption. The result of this is a significant increase in the emission of air pollutants to the atmosphere.

The objective of this study is to assess the quality of ambient air for some commonly known pollutants: SO2, NOx, O3, CO, NH3, H2S, PM10, BTX, methane and non-methane hydrocarbons. This was accomplished by determining the temporal and spatial variations of the pollutants levels throughout the city, with emphases to identify impacted areas. Discussion was made as to the potential sources for the pollutant. For this purpose, the ambient air quality was monitored in eleven carefully selected locations scattered throughout the city of Jeddah. The study took one year: August 2008 to August 2009. All measurements were taken by using an ambient air quality mobile station fully equipped with all the sensors needed for the mentioned pollutants and for monitoring the surrounding meteorology.

The results of the study describe the overall average concentrations of the measured pollutants and their maximum 1-hour levels, as well as diurnal changes in their levels. From the results of the measurements along with the meteorological data, interpretation was performed to identify the potential sources of each air pollutant at the selected sites. This analysis showed possible sources for pollutants are coming from local industries, including; the desalination plant, the power station, the oil refinery, industrial estate, landfills, and road traffic.

50

thE ELEMEntaL CaRBOn MEaSuREMEnt aS an InDICatOR FOR DPM uSInG IMPROvE ECOC MEthOD

Mouaid hassen al-Saadoon* a.G.Clarcke**

*Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Jubail 31961, PO Box 10099, KSA**Department of Fuel & Energy, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

E-mail: [email protected]

IMPROVE-ECOC analytical method suggested by Chow et.al, commonly known as total optical reflectance method (TOR), has been used to measure the elemental carbon (EC) available in monitored air in urban Leeds Metropolitan area. The method involves the pyrolysis which eliminate the possibility of measuring PC as EC and this has short-cut the use of oxidation catalyst and low temperature pre-oxidation treatment to cover for possible masking of the PC in the final Results. The EC is considered to be a superior marker for diesel particulate matter (DPM) as it constitutes a large portion of the PM. The measurement sites were distributed between background and traffic location. In cases were carbonate carbon was found, acidity was utilized to avoid potential interference with the OCEC measurement. Considerably high association has been found between PM10 & PM2.5 suggesting that most of the spatial variation of PM10 was due to PM2.5.

an InDOOR aIR QuaLIty MOnItORInG anD aSSESSMEnt PROtOCOL In COMMERCIaL, RESIDEntIaL anD EDuCatIOnaL PLaCES

1,2 mer AA, 1Ferhat KARACA and 1Esra TATLI1Fatih University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey

2University of Dammam, Department of Environmental Engineering, Dammam, KSA

aBStRaCt:

Indoor air quality (IAQ) studies are of great importance simply because it directly affects our health and performance. One major deficiency in linking environmental exposure to health effects is the current lack of data on environmental exposure. In the literature, limited parameters and techniques have directly been used to measure sample indoor air pollutants indicators. The representative sample size and IAQ parameters were determined depending on guidelines such as American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). In this study, air quality parameters such as carbon dioxide, humidity and temperature were monitored in a shopping center, residential place and university classroom and kindergarten in metropolitan city of Istanbul. Online particle counter with data logger was used to monitor the number particle concentration at 6 different stages in the range of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 micrometer in size. Furthermore, airborne biogenic aerosols were collected using a typical viable aerosol sampler.

Bioaerosols were collected using biological sampler works according to the principle of multi jet holes particle impact and isokinetic sampling. Concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were measured as colony forming units per cubic meter of air (CFU/m3). The fungal concentrations found at most of the indoor environments fell within the specified guidelines of the ACGIH, between 100 and 1000 CFU m3 for the total fungi. Specific detection of Fungi and Bacteria culture were design from indoor air by PCR. Three fungi primers and two bacteria primers were designed according to toxic influence. Statistical analysis of the obtained results were performed and the discussion of the obtained results were given in details. Correlation analysis was observed between fungi and bacteria counts at the Kindergarten. This protocol offers choices of sampling schemes of assessment parameters, sampling locations and times in assessing IAQ for the statutory control at the acceptable measurement accuracy.

51

BEnEFItS OF MInERaL COntEnt In DRInKInG WatER anD thE REvISED ROyaL COMMISSIOn EnvIROnMEntaL REGuLatIOnS (RCER-2010) On

DRInKInG WatER QuaLIty In SauDI aRaBIa

Dr.S.A.M.Ismail, Rashid Geotechnical & Materials Engineers(RGME), Royal Commission Environmental Control Project, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia.

Certain minerals play key role in drinking water for protecting human health. Several studies are available in the literature on the impact of trace elements (e.g. copper, zinc, arsenic) and minerals ( e.g. calcium, magnesium, sodium) in the drinking water. Drinking water is considered as an important source of minerals for human health providing about one-third of the recommended dietary intake of minerals.

Over the past five decades, nutritional experts have established recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for various minerals and nutrients. Recently USA and Canada jointly created new dietary reference intakes (DRIs). These DRIs incorporate the concept of preventing nutrient deficiencies as well as risk reduction for chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis.

Inadequate level of daily calcium intake has shown to be the reason for the occurrence of osteoporosis. Similarly studies suggest that an inverse relation exists between magnesium levels in drinking water and the occurrence of cardiac disease. Based on the above factors the Royal Commission Environmental Regulations (RCER-2010) on the drinking water quality standards stipulates certain minimum requirement for the concentration of calcium, magnesium, total hardness and total dissolved solids and the maximum concentration limit for sodium in the drinking water.

In this paper comparative study results for the mineral content in the drinking water supply of RC Community areas in Jubail and bottled waters available in the market of Saudi Arabia have been presented. Also literature data for the above mineral content review undertaken for drinking water quality in USA & Europe are also presented.

the influence of industrial emission on the kinetic speciation in atmospheric precipitation samples: investigated by CLEM/adCSv and aSv.

Nouri Hassan, King Fahd University, Chemistry Department, Dhahran, Eastern Province 31261, Saudi Arabia, John Murimboh, Acadia University, Chemistry department, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada

In chemical and toxicological studies of metals in the freshwater environment, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn have been found to be toxicants at the concentration levels they are in polluted freshwaters, whereas some of these metals are nutrients at lower levels of concentration. Metal Kinetic speciation was investigated using several metal-speciation methods: Competing Ligand Exchange Method/Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CLEM/AdCSV); Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) with a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE). CLEM/GFAAS and CLEM/AdCSV were used to determine dissociation rate coefficients of metal complexes in freshwaters. ASV was used to determine stability constants, dissociation rate coefficients and diffusion coefficients, of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn complexes in freshwaters, soil solutions (pore waters) and through-fall precipitation samples collected from the Rouyn-Noranda, (Abitibi, Quebec) and Sudbury (Ontario) areas. In the above samples of soil solutions (pore waters), the order of the lability of the metal complexes, Ni(II) > Cu(II) < Zn(II), followed the reverse order of the Ligand Field Stabilization Energy (LFSE) with the exception of Cu(II); the position of Cu(II) was compounded of the LFSE and the Jahn-Teller effect. The slow coordination equilibrium of 3d-transition elements, especially of Ni(II) and Cu(II), in freshwaters suggests that the usual equilibrium assumption for freshwaters may not be valid. The above results show that the freshwater systems are dynamic and often far removed from equilibrium. These kinetic speciation techniques therefore represent an important advance in our experimental ability to investigate lability of metal complexes in freshwaters, and soil solutions (pore waters).

52

Electrochemical Decontamination of Wastewaters Containing toxic Substances using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Nuhu D. Muazua,*; Muhammad H. Al-Malackb and Alaadin A. Bukharica Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Dammam, Dammam Saudi Arabia

bCivil Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran Saudi ArabiacCenter for water & Environment, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran Saudi Arabia

aBStRaCt

Globally, several industrial activities result in the production of large volumes of wastewater containing toxic substances. Improper discharges of industrial wastewaters can lead to detrimental environmental consequences due elevated concentrations of the toxic substances pose great risk to the ecosystem. As a result, decontamination of industrial wastewater prior to discharge into the environment becomes integral attribute of sustainable development. Compared with many potential biological, physical and chemical treatment technologies for decontamination of wastewater containing toxic substances, electrochemical oxidation techniques have received greater attention due to distinctive advantages they offer. Conversely, the electrochemical techniques are limited by variety of factors with the most notable factor been the anodic material as most of the anodic materials are mired by a variety of technical problems that could render the electrochemical techniques not competitive. Boron Doped Diamond electrodes, a newer electrode materials, have recently attracted attention because of its unique characteristics that renders it an excellent candidate electrode for effective decontamination of wastewater containing toxic substances.

The objective of this paper is to present (i) the application of boron-doped diamond electrode in electrochemical treatment of wastewater following a general review of the recent trends in the evolution of variety of electrode materials used for electrochemical treatment of wastewater via taking into cognizance their associated merits and demerits (ii) results of a bench-scale decontamination of simulated phenolic wastewaters containing phenol, sulphite (S2-), cyanide (CN-) and ammonium (NH4

+) in different mixed matrixes using boron doped diamond anode to demonstrate the feasibility of employing boron doped diamond anode in mitigating industrial water pollution. In addition, current efficiencies and specific energy consumption assessments will also be presented for further economic viability evaluation.

*Corresponding Author: Tel: +966507532689; e-mail address: [email protected]

53

Iron activation of Montmorillonite for the Removal of Chromium (vI) and Cadmium from Wastewater

Edwin C. ObraDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, PO Box 10099, Jubail

Industrial City, KSA 31961Office Phone No.: 03 340 2000 local 2255

e-maill address: [email protected]

aBStRaCt

Current research focuses on the development of a nanocomposite that will serve as an alternative adsorbent material for the simultaneous removal of Cd and Cr(VI) in the aqueous phase. Calcium montmorillonite was chemically activated with Fe(II) ions through the introduction of FeSO4 by two methods: wet method and powder method. The effect of different FeSO4 concentrations on the equilibrium time of loading was analyzed and the properties of iron-loaded montmorillonite were characterized. The resulting nanocomposite samples were assessed for the swelling index. The sample with the highest swelling index was analyzed using SEM to determine its surface morphology and subjected to XRD and chemical analysis to test for the effectiveness of the impregnation. Results indicate that the montmorillonite was successfully impregnated with iron (II) forming Fe-montmorillonite. The developed nanocomposite will then be tested for its effectiveness in simultaneously reducing the hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium and adsorbing trivalent chromium and cadmium.

Learning Objectives:1. To develop an adsorbent material for the simultaneous removal of Cd and Cr(VI) in the aqueous phase.2. To chemically activate calcium montmorillonite with Fe(II) ions.3. To assess effectiveness of the impregnation of montmorillonite with iron (II) ions.

54

Laser Enhanced Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Waste Water using nano Structured Metal Oxides as Photo-catalysts

M. A. Gondal*, M. A. Dastageer, A. Khalil, and Z. H. YamaniLaser Research Group, Physics Department and Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology,

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia

aBStRaCt

Water is a great gift from God and is an essential ingredient for all living (humans, animals, agricultural plants) organism. According to recent WHO reports, more than one billion people have no access to clean water and water born disease are the main cause for high mortality rate in children in developing countries. Hence there is a great need to develop an effective method for disinfection of water. There had been many conventional methods for disinfection of polluted water, such as reverse osmosis, electrochemical processes but all these conventional methods have proven to be less efficient compared to the photo catalysis process. Moreover in the photo catalytic process, with a small amount of photo catalyst, one can harness the abundant UV light source from the sun for the disinfection of the polluted water, rather than doing so in big purification plants. Recently metal oxides such as WO3,ZnO, NiO,TiO2 have been applied as photo-catalyst for complete removal of microorganism (bacteria or even viruses). We synthesized Nanostructured WO3, ZnO, NiO, TiO2 at our laboratory using different methods like sole gel, precipitation and pulse laser ablation technique. These nano structured metal oxides were applied in using 355 nm pulsed laser irradiation for effective disinfection of the water contaminated with Escherichia coli micro organism. The morphological studies using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) were carried out on the synthesized nano materials and these studies indicated that the catalysts have the crystallographic structure and their grain sizes were in the 20-40 nm range. The bacteria decay rate constants were also estimated for different concentrations of these metals for the infected water. The parametric optimization was carried out and we could reach very high decay rate constant per minute

, which is not possible with micro-

structured photo catalysts under similar experimental conditions.

55

PhOtOCataLytIC OxIDatIOn OF tExtILE DyE EFFLuEnt uSInG tItanIuM OxIDE nanO PaRtICLE In CStR: MODELInG anD OPtIMIzatIOn By RSM

Ramanujam Saravanathamizhana, Chiya Ahmed Bashaba Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, Post Box-10099, Jubail

Industrial City- 31961, Saudi Arabia.Email: [email protected]

bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Gihung, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 446-701, S. Korea

Email: [email protected]

Treatment of industrial wastewater is mandatory before discharge to the environment. Textile effluents can be treated by physical, chemical, biological and advanced oxidation processes. Biological methods alone have been proved to be unsuccessful for the treatment of textile wastewater. Physical methods transfer the pollutants from one phase to another phase. Moreover, chemical oxidation methods are not cost effective but producing considerable quantity of sludge. In this effort, heterogeneous photocatalysis has been identified as one of the most potential pollution remedial technologies in recent decades. This methodology exploits the strong reactivity of hydroxyl radicals in driving oxidation processes. The present paper focused the photo catalytic degradation of textile dye effluent using Titanium oxide (TiO2) nano catalyst in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor [CSTR]. Titanium oxide nano catalyst was prepared and the experiments were carried out to study the effects of UV irradiation on chemical Oxygen Demand [COD] and color removal for the textile dye effluent. Three parameters were chosen such as; Initial effluent concentration, catalyst concentration and UV lamp wattage. The process variables were optimized using Response surface Methodology [RSM]. The results show that the photo catalytic degradation of nano TiO2 enhanced the rate of degradation.

PERFORManCE OF LOW nOx BuRnERS In ExIStInG auxILIaRy BOILERS In IBn zahR

Palli Madhusudhan RaoSr. Environmental Engineer, IBN ZAHR

In Ibn Zahr two auxiliary steam boilers (720-B-01 & 02) were being operated at above 126 ng/J emission of NOx in the stack. As per Royal Commission Environmental Regulations, the NOx emission level from auxiliary gas fired boilers stacks should be less than 86 ng/J It was advised by Royal Commission to retrofit the existing boilers with Low NOx Burners so that NOx emission should reduce to the RC limits.

It was decided to replace the existing burners with Low NOx burners based upon studies report submitted by John Zinc. Ibn Zahr has carried out the replacement of old burners with special low NOX type burners and employing flue gas re-circulation (FGR) technique The reduction in high NOx emission level is achieved. Ibn Zahr is the first affiliate among all SABIC affiliates to replace the boilers burners to comply with RC environmental regulations. After the replacement of old burners and installation of FGR fans the NOx emission level has been reduced to 30 to 40 ng/J which is well within RC regulations. This was a unique type of project first time being carried out in SABIC and this shows Ibn Zahr s commitment towards safety and environmental compliance. This project is a model project for other affiliates where Environmental emission is a concern.

56

Electrochemical Sensors for On-Site Monitoring of heavy Metals in Potable Waters in the Eastern Province of Saudi arabia

Abdel-Nasser KawdeChemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, KSA.


Monitoring of trace heavy metals is desired for continuous environmental monitoring that would shed some light on the quality of drinking waters in the area of Saudi Arabia in general and in Dhahran vicinity in particular. Such monitoring offers. Such monitoring offers a rapid return of the chemical information while minimizing errors and costs associated with tedious conventional lab-based analyses. The development and characterization of new electrochemical sensors for on-site monitoring of priority inorganic contaminants (particularly lead) in drinking and ground waters will be discussed. Despite of intensive research efforts and growing concerns on the use of mercury, fortunately a non-mercury stripping electrode, truly competitive to mercury ones, has emerged. The successful analytical utility of bismuth-coated electrodes for toxic heavy metals will be presented.

The analytical figures of merit of the mercury-free stripping sensors are critically assessed. The effort lead to the emergence of the use of reliable alternative non-mercury sensing electrodes that would have a major impact upon the monitoring of inorganic contaminants in drinking water within the eastern area of Saudi Arabia, and thus, on the management of drinking water supplies.

Figure 1: A photograph for the developed sensor: A potable sensor for on-site monitoring of heavy metals.

ROyaL COMMISSIOn EnvIROnMEntaL REGuLatIOnS

Dr. Hussein M.BeshreyDirector, Environmental Protection and Control Department

Royal Commission for Jubail, PO Box 10001, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia

Royal Commission (RC) was established in the year 1975 to promote industrial growth in both Jubail and Yanbu industrial cities. Recently Ras Az Zawr mineral based industrial city was also added to the RC. Since inception environmental control was part of the development program in these industrial cities. Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was carried out at the beginning of each of the industrial city development and the results of EIA study were carefully incorporated in to the planning.

Based on the EIA study recommendations, RC implemented several measures.

Placement of the Community at the upwind direction of the industrial area, establishment of state of the art industrial and sanitary wastewater treatment plants and sanitary landfill, etc. are some examples. Also Environmental Control Department with strict environmental regulations was set up.

Jubail and Yanbu had separate environmental guidelines, regulations and standards since 1975. In the year 2004 an unified Royal Commission Environmental Regulations called RCER-2004 was established combining the regulations from Jubail (1999) and Yanbu(1991). RC has been revising the environmental regulations generally once in 5 years. The RECR-2010 is the recent revised document of RCER-2004. Industries also participated in reviewing the final document of RCER-2010 and their appropriate comments were also incorporated into the revised regulations.

This paper presents a summary of various stages of RCER development since beginning of RC in 1975 and also salient points of the recently updated RCER-2010. RCER-2010 comprises of three volumes namely: Volume I: Regulations and Standards, Volume II: Environmental Permit Program and Volume III: Penalty System. These regulations will be

applicable to Jubail, Yanbu and Ras Az Zawr industrial cities effective from 1st January 2011.

57

Prediction Of Ground Level nOx Concentration Due to Industries and traffic Emissions Over yIC

Jaffar Al-Mahmodi

aBStRaCt

Non-Steady state Lagrangian Gaussian (CALPUFF) model was employed to simulate ground level NOx concentration during weekdays and weekends over Yanbu Industrial City (YIC). During night and before sunrise, the contribution from the traffic sources to the highest concentration is high (> 80%) while the contribution from industries was low (70%) than that from traffic (

58

Forecasting of ground level-ozone exceedences in eastern province (KSa) a case study (1994-2006) using time Series model (zaitun time Series Model)

Omar Hussein King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

aBStRaCt

Ground level ozone is a secondary pollutant that is produced from photochemical reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) under the existence of sunlight. The VOCs and NOx are called precursors of ozone. Elevated levels of ozone concentration can be harmful to human health, plant life and some materials. Ozone control has become a challenge to urban air quality management. One of the most important effort in ozone control is to develop sophisticated ozone level forecasting system. There are several (a number) of successful air quality models for forecasting severe ozone events, including phenomenological models and statistical models. Many statistical models have been proposed for daily ozone-level forecasting, most of them are based on linear relationship between weather conditions and daily maximum 1-hour ozone-level. However the response of photochemical air pollution system to changes in ozone precursors is extremely complicated due to the non-linear nature of photochemical transformation, hence making ozone forecasting so difficult and inaccurate by usual statistical linear models. These properties is captured well with Zaitun time series model, thus this study investigates the potential of its use to forecast ozone pollution in eastern province of kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1994-2006). The main objectives of the study are to investigate the potential of using Zaitun time series model to forecast ground ozone level pollution and applying it to available data for the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 2006 for the three cities of Jubail, Dammam and Hofuf. The uncertainity, non-linearity and complex nature of ozone concentration and its precursors emission, zaitun time series provided ideal forecasting as compared to other models. Neural network analysis which is one of the features of the model produced the closest data to the actual values that was available when developing the best feature to be used in the forecast of long term period of 2020.The neural network was used then to get the forecast data for the stated period above. Therefore in conclusion we propose that the model can be used in the future forecast of ground level ozone of the region as a predictive and continuous emission monitoring system tool.

59

MERCuRy In aMBIEnt aIR: nEED FOR MOnItORInG

Dr. Zia Mahmood SiddiqiChairperson, General Studies Department,Jubail University College, P.O. Box 10074

Jubail Industrial city 31961, KSAPhone: +96633429000 Ext. 1065Fax: +96633429000 Ext. 1063

aBStRaCt

Mercury is a persistent, toxic and bio-accumulative heavy metal. Mercury in ambient air is found to be of three types, namely: gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PM).Out of these, GEM has a life span of around 2 years, thus giving it the possibility of traversing all over the globe.GEM may convert into RGM, PM, and even to its organic counter parts. The most dangerous amongst them is methyl mercury. Due to the longer lifetime of GEM in the air, its availability globally, the need for a mercury budget for our environment, and most importantly the health hazards, the interest has been accelerated in studying GEM in cities where industries are situated and where vast populations live side by side. A case study on monitoring of mercury, including GEM in urban-ambient air will be presented.

Learning Objectives:

1. Awareness of the Mercury pollution and its consequences2. Emphasis on monitoring of Mercury in ambient air3. Present a study on Mercury in an urban-ambient air

Environmental awareness program at yanbu al-Sinaiyah during the period (2008-2011)

Gazi Al-OtaibiRoyal Commission for Yanbu Industrial City

A- The integrated Role of the Royal Commission at Yanbu and the industries on the environmental awareness program:

The Royal Commission at Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah (MYAS) has noted there are some unanswered questions by the community at the city about the status of the environmental and there are no proper communication channels between the people and the industries to answer their questions and clear their concerns. In this regard, the RC has established MYAS awareness committee to develop a comprehensive environmental awareness program which is unique of its kind the Arab countries. This committee aims to intensify and unify the environmental awareness through conducting conferences, seminars, exhibitions, etc, to the public.

B- The Environmental Control and Monitoring Department has developed Environmental Action Initiative in Yanbu Industrial City that might be the first of its kind in the Middle East are and this initiative consists of 4 areas: 1 - Harmony between people and the environment 2 - Commitment to the planet and future generations 3 - Form to change lifestyles, environmental 4 - Enjoy the help and save our environment

Each of the above areas has a number of subject and ideas that work for individuals, groups and companies in the environmental responsibility which will be presented in detail.

60

MEMaCs response to maritime challenges in the RSa

CEng. Hans Gerd Knoop, KBL-Shipping GmbH and MEMAC Consultant, Manama, Kgd. of Bahrain, Phone +973-33911860, [email protected]

Capt. A. Munem M. Al-Janahi, Director, Marine Emergency Mutual Aid Centre (MEMAC), Manama, Kgd. of Bahrain, Phone +973-17274554, [email protected]

The ROPME Sea Area (RSA) witnesses a significant socio- economic growth. The region is challenged by up to 50,000 Hormuz passages, steadily increasing port calls and extremely dense ship traffic. Numerous offshore installations pose additional environmental and safety threats, which can only be dealt with by mutual cooperation and participation of all stakeholders concerned.

Under the RSA Master Plan a risk reduction package has been evolved to overcome the present unacceptable risk exposure. The package includes regional emergency response centers and suitable vessels at strategic sea locations to provide for emergency prevention, preparedness and quick response. Other measures address enforcement of international conventions, cooperation between safety and environmental authorities, surveillance, and vessel traffic management.

An intact marine environment, including unspoiled seawater for desalination, healthy fish stocks and marine ecosystems in general serves all: the states, its populations and industries, and the maritime sector. The valuated benefits of ecological and socio-economical assets currently at risk by far transcend the expenditures for the risk reduction package. Hence, its financing applies the polluter -pays-principle. Compliant to UN strategies, cost-sharing-by-beneficiaries includes a contribution from the maritime sector to complement the member states expenditures for safety and pollution prevention, and to foster regional maritime governance.

Concise learning objectives:

Understanding of the maritime sector as the backbone of regional development Understanding of environmental assets in risk analyses and cost-benefit assessments Understanding of regional maritime governance development

61

Cleaner Production as a profitable tool for investment in environment: Experiences and Lessons Learnt from the Egypt national Cleaner Production

Centre

Ali Abo Sena Project Manger and Deputy of ENCPC Director , Egypt National Cleaner Production Centre

26A Sherif Street, Emobillia Building, 5th Floor, Cairo, Egypt

Tel: +2 02 239 16 15 4 Fax: +2 02 2392598 4E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

aBStRaCt

In the Arab region, several Cleaner Production (CP) initiatives have been undertaken in the last decade, primarily focusing on assessment of needs, technical assistance to the industry in adopting and implementing cleaner production techniques and clean technologies, and raising awareness of cleaner production packages.

According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Cleaner Production Definition is the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase efficiency and reduce risks for humans and the environment.

In a joint programme between the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), several of cleaner production centres and progammes were established in the Arab countries and further centres are planned.

The Egypt National Cleaner Production Centre (ENCPC) is one these centers which have been established in the Arab region. The centre was established in 2004 by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in close cooperation with the Egyptian Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) as a service provider for the Egyptian Industry.

The ENCPC is an integral part of the Egypts Technology and Innovation Council (TIC) at the MTI which includes more than 13 specialized technology and innovation centers (e,g engineering, textile, marble and granite.).

The ENCPC acts as a vehicle for enhancing the competitiveness and productivity of Egyptian industry by contributing to their long -term presence on national and global markets through adoption of Cleaner Production and Clean Technologies practices and techniques.

The main scopes of ENCPC activities are as follows:

- Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (Chemicals, Water, Raw Material, Energy) - Industrial Waste Management and Waste Recycling - Industrial Chemicals Management - Energy Efficiency and Industrial Application of Renewable Energy - Environmental Sound Technologies (ESTs) Transfer and Innovation

In this context, this paper aimed at giving an overview of the cleaner production concept as a profitable tool for investment in environment taking into considerations the experiences gained and lessons learnt from the practical cases of the National Cleaner Production Centre in Egypt. Subsequently, this paper will focus on presenting some relevant selected case studies and success stories on implementation of cleaner production in the industry

Keywords: Cleaner Production Centre in Egypt, Cleaner Production Concept, Resource Efficiency, Industrial Waste Recycling, Chemicals Management, Energy Efficiency, Waster Conservation

62

Electrokinetic Decontamination of Metal Contaminated Soil: Evaluation of Operating Parameters

*Muhammad Saleem1, Alaadin A. Bukhari21Jubail University College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia,

tel: +966(03)-3429000-Ext. 1013e-mail: [email protected]

2Centre for Environment and Water, The Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals,Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

tel: +966-3-860-3232, Fax: +966-3-860-3220e-mail: [email protected]

aBStRaCt

Growing interest in finding improved/innovative solutions to decontaminate the low permeable soils motivated the researchers to utilize the electrokinetic process for efficient extraction of metals from contaminated soils. This study presents the results of a systematic bench-scale study on improved extraction of copper and cadmium from contaminated soil. Influence of operating parameters such as electrode material, soil pH, current density, soil temperature and inter-electrode spacing on the decontamination performance was investigated. It was found that more than 88.1% and 61.8% removal of copper and cadmium respectively may be achieved using titanium electrodes. Results revealed that the removal efficiency increased with the increase in current density and soil temperature. About 70% of copper removal was achieved within 20 hours when the soil temperature was kept at 29C as compared to 32% removal at 18C. During this study soil pH decreased from 6.8 to 2.3 near anode and reached up to 12.4 near cathode and augmented the metal removal. Rate of metal removal increased as the inter-electrode spacing decreased up to 10 cm, which demonstrated the highest copper removal. Study revealed that the electrokinetic process is a robust technique for copper and cadmium removal, provided that the operational parameters are optimized for each site.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Importance of soil decontamination

2. Utilization of Electrokinetic process as a decontamination tool.

3. Influence of operating parameters on decontamination efficiency of process.

63

Waste to Energy technology: Green Solutions to Waste Disposal & Energy Recovery

Christopher J. Webb, Mazlan bin Ali, Mamdouh Abdel-SabourGreenTech

aBStRaCt

Land filling of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the most common waste disposal practices in the Kingdom. However, landfills pose as long term environmental liability and key source of greenhouse emissions.

Plasma gasification has gained serious attention over the past four years. In 2003, waste-to-energy facilities and processes, plasma was very experimental and little was widely known about it. Today there are numerous pilot plants in operation, there seem to be countless companies involved with it, and cities are considering it as a method to deal with waste. Plasma gasification enables complete destruction of waste and maximum energy recovery, and solves three inherent problems of conventional waste disposal techniques which include:

Avoids pressure on land-use due to land-filling Reduces reliance on fossil fuels and associated problem of fluctuating prices

Minimizes emissions of greenhouse gases

In plasma gasification the waste input is pyrolysed by the high temperature into its constituent elements: H2, O2, C, N2 etc. The converter conditions are controlled so that prior to exit, the elements reform into the desired syngas that is rich in CO and H2. The materials that cannot be converted into syngas, such as metal, glass, rock and concrete are vitrified to produce an inert slag. The slag is 1/250th of the volume of the processed solid waste. The plasma process offers advantages such as the fact that it is so hot that less dioxin-like compounds are produced, and the lack of excess air reduced nitrogen oxide production. The high temperatures can increase the volatization of heavy metals, though. The ash is not the fine powder form that we are all familiar with - it is a black glass-like substance made up mostly of silica, alumina, and other metal oxides.

On the other hand, in incineration, excess O2 is added to the input waste so that at low temperature it burns. The result is heat and an exhaust of CO2, H2O and other products of combustion or partial combustion. As much as 30% of the processed solid waste remains as ash. This ash is a solid waste and could be categorized as hazardous solid waste.

authors:

1. Mazlan bin Ali, Chief Executive Officer of GreenTech 2. Christopher J. Webb, Chief Operating Officer of GreenTech (*SPEAKER)3. Prof. Dr Mamdouh Abdel-Sabour, Head of environmental department in SAES Co.

PROFILE OF SPEaKER

Christopher John Webb is a British, graduated with a B.Sc. (Hons) Mechanical Engineering from UMIST, Manchester England, Chemical Engineering SPE and Noise and Vibration Analysis on Rotating Equipment ISVR from Southampton University. He is a Member of Society of Petroleum Engineers and Member of Institute of Energy.

He has extensive international experience in the energy sector having worked with various international energy company including British Petroleum (Oil Plus Limited) for energy projects in United Arab Emirates, Denmark, Libya, Egypt, Oman, Kuwait and project management, engineering, design, procurement, construction, commissioning and operations and management of energy related plants onshore and offshore.

64

Decontamination of radioactive-contaminated soils

M.F. Abdel-Sabour

Saudi ASMA Environmental Solution (SAES)Manger of Environmental studies departmentP.O. Box 127249 Jeddah 21352, Saudi Arabia


aBStRaCt

Radio-nuclides exist in the environment naturally (NORM) and, in more recent times, have been added by nuclear power and weapons. The carcinogenic nature and long half-lives of many radio-nuclides make them a potential threat to human health. Moreover, there is an increasing trend of uranium accumulating in soils due to a number of deliberate or wrong practices. Also, the contamination of land by naturally occurring radio-nuclides in the wastes from non-nuclear industries include uranium mining and milling, metal or coal mining, radium and thorium factories and the processing of materials containing technologically enhanced levels of natural radioactivity.

Public and political pressure to solve a problem situation of this nature occurs when critical toxic levels are reached. As a consequence, there would be a risk for ecosystems, agro-systems and health. It is suggested that knowledge of the mechanisms that control the behavior of such heavy metals must be improved and can be used for risk assessment and proposition of remediation treatments.

Phytoremediation has been used to extract radio nuclides and other pollutants from contaminated sites. The accuracy and success of these applications depend on an understanding of the processes involved in plant uptake of radio nuclides.

This paper reviews the recent advances in uranium removal from contaminated soils, using either Chemical and/or biological techniques (such as hyper-accumulator plants, or high biomass crop species after soil treatment with chelating compounds).

Key words: hyperaccumulator, Phytoremediation, NORM, concentration ratios

Authors:

Prof. Dr. Mamdouh F. Abdel-Sabour

PROFILE OF SPEAKER

Prof. Dr Mamdouh has more than 30 years working, teaching, researching and professional experience in several environmental issues such as Preparation of Environmental impact assessment reports for industrial and development projects.

Prof Mamdouh delivers environmental consultancy and advice to Government and Private Industry sectors in KSA, in his current capacity as the Head of Environmental Studies Department of Saudi Asma Environmental Solutions (SAES)

At the onset of 1978, he started his career as Research Assistant at Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo. During his research career he obtained his Master and Ph.D degree and Conducting research that has practical applications in soil-water environments, or soil fertility /plant nutrition, soil bioremediation and landfill reclamation; both environmental quality and agricultural aspects.

65

Recycling of Waste Plastic Wastes into useful Products

Mohammad Nahid SiddiquiDepartment of Chemistry,

King Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsDhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: [email protected]: +966-3-860-2529; Fax: +966-3-860-4277

Saudi Arabia is one of the major producers of plastic in the world with total production capacity of around six million tons per year. The amount of plastic wastes in Saudi Arabia is about 15-wt% in the composition of domestic municipality waste. These plastics produced are non-biodegradable in nature and creating a serious environmental problem. Recycling of plastics has become a major response to the environmental challenges facing the plastic industry. Recycling has several meanings such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary recycling. We have carried out a series of Tertiary recycling of waste plastics in our labs, KFUPM and these results will be presented here. All reactions were carried out in a 50cm3 stainless steel tubular micro reactor at 430C, 60 minutes, 8.3 Mpa hydrogen pressure and 1-5% of catalysts. The single reactions were studied for: LDPE, HDPE, PS, PP, PET, PVC and resid while the double component reactions were: resid/LDPE, resid/HDPE, resid/PS, resid/PP, PVC/resid and some post consumer plastics. Four hydrocracking catalysts were used in this study which were found to be effective in conversion of plastics to liquefied products. Reaction temperature and reaction time also strongly affected the conversion and the production of hexane soluble material. At reaction conditions of 60 min and 430C, all four catalysts yielded higher level of conversions and hexane soluble material than did the reactions at 400C or 30 min duration. The hexane solubles from this initial conversion can be further upgraded to gasoline and other high value diesel fuels or chemical feedstocks. It shows that the catalytic coprocessing of plastics with residue is a feasible process by which plastics and resid materials can be converted into transportation fuels.

Bio-Gas Production from Organic Municipal Waste in Istanbul, turkey

1,2Omer AGA, 2Sami GOREN, 1Abdallah Mohey El-Dein1Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2Department of Environmental Engineering, Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey

Turkey has witnessed tremendous economic growth in the last decade. In addition to improved living standards, the rapid development has brought certain challenges including municipal solid waste management (MSWM). Istanbul , a metropolitan city with a population of around 13 million people, is the only city of the world that connects tow continents, namely Europe and Asia. The metropolitan city produces about 14,000 tons of solid waste per day with approximately of per capita MSW production of 1 kg/d/person. Solid waste management is a significant environmental problem, especially for large cities, such as Istanbul. Alternative uses of municipal solid waste (MSW), e.g., composting, separation, and recycling, have been applied in the last few years in Turkey.

Methane gas from MSW has 21 times more than CO2 global worming effect. The collection and energy production has the advantage of production of GHG in addition to the economic value of energy production.

In Istanbul, there are three MSW sanitary landfill namely, Hasdal, odayedi, Kumurcuoda with a 20 years capacity. The production of methane gas from these landfills has been successfully applied. The former has an area of 5.7 million m3 of MSW. The amount of the expected electric production from the last two sanitary landfills is 3.400 GWh until 2030. The annual energy production of 224 MWh will be sufficient to provide electricity for 112 thousand house in Istanbul. Furthermore, 1 million m3 of CO2 emission will be reduced accordingly.

The details of the biogas production and solid waste characteristics will be discussed in this paper.

66

Geosynthetic Clay Liners and its Field applications in Landfill

Syed Abdul MofizEmail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) are high performance needle punched environmental reinforced composites which combine two durable geotextile outer layers with a uniform core of natural sodium bentonite clay to form a hydraulic barrier. Fibers from the non-woven geotextile are needle punched through the layer of bentonite and incorporated into the other geotextile (either a woven or non-woven). Sodium bentonite clay is a natural occurring clay mineral that swells as the water enters between its clay platelets. When hydrated under confinement, the bentonite swells to form a low permeability clay layer with the equivalent hydraulic protection of several feet of compacted clay. Just two grams of dry sodium bentonite clay can swell to many times its original volume when exposed to water. Purity of sodium bentonite will vary, as the depositional environment and weathering processes vary by region and deposit. There are some special blends of Geosynthetic Clay Linings that have been especially formulated to excel in harsh chemical environments. Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are an established sealing product in the geoenvironmental industry. GCLs are used in landfill caps and base liner applications under roads, railways, secondary containment for above ground tank farms, as well as within various other containment structures such as dams, canals, ponds, rivers and lakes. GCLs are also used for waterproofing of buildings and other similar structures. However, the advantages in using a GCL over other sealing elements such as compacted clay are not only economic but technically based, and the economic benefits extend beyond the construction phase, as a thin GCL can increase the revenue earning potential of a facility. This paper will highlight the behaviour of GCLs and demonstrate its field performance.

Integrated Waste Management - a Model for Industrial Sustainability

Amyn S. Dahya, P.EngChief Executive Officer

Global Environmental Management Services Ltd. (GEMS)

Industrial waste management is going through rapid evolution globally, as difficult economic times, competition, and tightening regulatory frameworks continue to impact industries in an unprecedented manner. The cost of insurance is also spiralling, and all these factors combined, are forcing industries to adapt innovative strategies to meet the balance between bottom line, regulation and social responsibility. Sustainability has become a crucial factor that requires adaptation of technical, management and business practices towards maximum creativity and flexibility.

This paper explains Integrated Waste Management (IWM) in detail from a technological and economic perspective, and how it can be applied as a practical solution within all industries, as a strategic solution to the growing challenges mentioned above. IWM starts from Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) planning and upstream process analysis, and progresses down the operating sequence through to waste generation, management, recycle, final treatment and disposal.

IWM provides a strategic solution to sustainability of an industry at all levels of its value chain.

Evaluation of the Off-Specifications Injection Water on the Fresh

67

Groundwater, northern Kuwait

Muhammad F. Al Rashed

aBStRaCt

Kuwait, as one of the world major oil producers, depends on oil production as its only income resource. Major oil exploration and production started around the mid-1930s and will continue indefinitely. However, some of the old oil reservoirs especially in the north, need to be developed to increase their production and prolong their life.

Injection of processed seawater is one of the techniques used for oil reservoir development; such water, in some cases, does not meet the specifications for injection and, therefore, is disposed of in specially prepared pits. Due to leakage from these pits and overflow, there is potential pollution of the fresh groundwater by the off-specification seawater.

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential problem and to recommend remediation measures, if needed, through a research project done by the Water Resources Division at Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research.

This paper describes all the activities conducted by the project team throughout the project period and gives the final conclusions and recommendations in the light of the data collected, analyzed and interpreted, in addition to forecasting future trends of pollution from the existing effluent pits within the study area utilizing mathematical modeling on the bases of the available data.

The project included design, construct and monitor a network of wells around a selected pit to observe the changes in the groundwater quality as a result of the potential pollution by the off-specification seawater, in addition to evaluation of the pollution risk around the pit utilizing the appropriate mathematical modeling. To fulfill these objectives, five tasks were conducting during the period of the project including data interpretation and design of a groundwater system, construction of the groundwater system, monitoring and analysis of the groundwater quality, evaluation of groundwater pollution and reporting.

abundance and Distribution of Mangrove Avicennia marina at yanbu al-Sinaiyah, KSa

Jaime C. SyRoyal Commission for Yanbu Industrial City

WoodsHole Company, KSA

The aim of this study is to determine the size, density and distribution of Avicennia marina found at Madinat Yanbu Al Sinaiyah (MYAS), KSA. Three mangrove communities designated as Conservation Area (CA) 1, 2, 3 of Royal Commission for Yanbu & Jubail were found fringing the coastline of Yanbu Al Sinaiyah and near the industrial facilities of MYAS. During the study, each mangrove community was divided into three zones namely; offshore, midshore and landward side. Accordingly in each zone, a 10 sq. mtr plot randomly deployed was used to determine the density of A. marina trees whose height is more than one meter while a 5 sq mtr was selected to measure young trees with a height of less than one meter. A. marina seedlings were also counted using a one sq mtr plot. The tree trunk diameters of both adu

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