ENUM in Austria From high expectations to low usage figures. And then? Kurt Reichinger Austrian Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Broadcasting The opinions expressed in this presentation are the personal view of the author and do not prejudge decisions of the Austrian regulatory authorities.
Presentation reflecting the ups and downs of ENUM in Austria from 2001 to 2009.
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ENUM in AustriaFrom high expectations to low usage figures. And then?
Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Broadcasting
The opinions expressed in this presentation are the personal view of the author and do not prejudge decisions of the Austrian regulatory authorities.
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One of my slides from 2001 …
ENUM: The Key to Convergence?
“Traditional" Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN)The Internet
Easy to use64 kBit/s Channels
Telephone numbers
Reliable
High Availability Simple and Safe
(No) Plug & Play
Domain Names
Multitude of Services
Best Effort
Viruses Spam
User Accounts
ENUM
SIP AORs
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Agenda
What is ENUM? >>The Austrian ENUM StoryLessons LearnedWay Forward
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0
The Austrian ENUM Story1
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Warming Forming Storming
Norming Performing Mourning
Phases of the Austrian ENUM Story
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From Warming to Forming …August 2001
First public consultation conducted by RTR (i.e. the Austrian Regulatory Authority)February 2002
(User) ENUM Workshop organized by RTRGroup of interested partners formed Austrian ENUM Trial Platform
May 2002Delegation request by RTR to RIPE, ITU-TSB for 3.4.e164.arpa
June 20023.4.e164.arpa delegated to RTRENUM Tier 1 Registry in operation by NIC.AT (i.e. Austrian ccTLD Registry)
September 2002Austrian ENUM Trial Platform officially established
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ENUM Tier 1 RegistryResponsibility for Numbering in Austria (+43)
RTR, i.e. the Regulatory AuthorityResponsibility for Austrian ENUM Domain (3.4.e164.arpa)
RTRResponsibility for ENUM Tier 1 Registry
General RTRAdmin Contact RTRTech + Zone Contact Outsourced to nic.at (later to found enum.at)
ENUM trial framework between RTR-GmbH and trial partnersPolicy framework for ENUM trial in Austria
Evaluating processes between registry and registrarsWorking on (re-)validation processes regarding the right to use number
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From Storming to Norming …September 2002
ENUM Tier 2 Name Server in operation by Telekom AustriaNovember 2002
Policy Framework availableOfficial start of Austrian ENUM trialFirst Live Demo in Atlanta, GA (Fall VON)
December 2002 Ready to invite friendly ENUM subscribers and users
October 2003 1st part of trial completed, 2nd phase (business customers) started
December 2003 Large Scale ENUM and VoIP Pilot started at Vienna University (AT43)
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The Legal Framework (I)New Austrian Telecommunication Law (TKG 2003)
In force since August 20th 2003Based on the New European Legal Framework
New Numbering Ordinance in AustriaIn force since May 12th 2004, Amendment of October 18th 2006Taking ENUM into account
+43 720 for national portable numbers and VoIP (semi-nomadic)+43 780 for VoIP and ENUM (nomadic)
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Number Ranges made available for ENUM
Numbers for convergent services – (0)780 A Designated for the use with ENUM
Gateway to the PSTN required
Private networks - 05C numbers directly assigned to end-user
validation via assignment document
Mobile numbers – (0)6D Also pre-paid numbers are usable
Validation by premium rate SMS
Geographic numbers E Most common numbers
Validation by postal mail and PIN
Location independent fixed network numbers - (0)720 B Usable for VoIP
Also possible as „Personal Numbers“
[ + (0)800 toll free numbers ]
ENUM-driven Number Range (0)780Format: +43 780 abcdef (ghi)Prior delegation of ENUM domain required for assignment of numberRegistrar has to provide a Generic Gateway (for this number range)Cancellation of ENUM domain will (also) relinquish the numberNo validation problem as the domain delegation is necessary as the first step (domains delegated on a first come first served policy)Decoupling of number range allocation and gateway operatorAny gateway may route the whole number range, just needs to be able to query ENUM These gateways are called Generic Gateways (GG)Commercial delegation of domains starting May 2005
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The Generic Gateway
Generic Gateway
Calling Party A
Called Party B
Registration
PSTN
ENUMTier 1
ENUMTier 2
Internet
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And finally from Performing to Mourning …October 2003
Decision to start preparation for commercial deploymentMay 2004
New Numbering Ordinance defines ENUM-driven number range (780)August 2004
Contract signed with enum.at concerning a commercial phaseNovember 2004
End of ENUM trial / Commercial ENUM services made availableMay 2005
ENUM enabled number range 780 finally addedApril 2006
Addendum to ENUM Agreement allowing Infrastructure ENUM in AustriaSince then
Desperately seeking ENUM users …
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The Legal Framework (II)Contract between RTR and Tier 1 Registry (enum.at)
Signed in August 2004 for a period until the end of 2007 (now ext. to 2009) Policy framework for ENUM in Austria for 3.4.e164.arpa domainBasic technical, operational and administrative requirementsValidation guidelines for Registrars
E.g. defining error values depending on the number of delegations with several procedures occurring when this values are exceeded
Addendum to the existing agreement between RTR and enum.atSigned in April 2006 allowing the commercial usage of Infrastructure ENUMAllowing communication service providers to enter numbers of their subscribers into a separate sub-domain and to add provider-relevant information (e.g. for routing or billing).
enum.at - The official Austrian ENUM Registry
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http://www.enum.athttp://www.enum.at
IPcom - One of 13 Austrian ENUM Registrars
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http://www.my-enum.at/http://www.my-enum.at/
ENUM Delegations in Austria by Q3/2008
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Numbers in ENUM by 26.01.2009
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http://crawler.enum.athttp://crawler.enum.at
Lessons learned2
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User ENUMGeneral Principle
End-users should opt-in to ENUM with their existing phone numbers on the PSTN under the domain e164.arpa to provide other end-users with the capability to look up contact URIs on the Internet the above end-user wants to link to his number
WeaknessesMost VoIP providers do not provide end-users with SIP URIs to be reached on the Public Internet (i.e. without generating termination income)Only the calling party benefits from an ENUM Record of the called partyChicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law1
Country opt-in regulators involvement slowing process downEnd-user opt-in slowing process down further moreSkepticism from providers
1) the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of users of the system (n2)
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User ENUM (cont’d)Weaknesses
National level:High tariffs to ENUM-driven number range (+43 780)
International levelENUM-driven number ranges not routed from abroad at all
“Unknown” number range not implemented“Suspect” number range not implemented
High tariffs to “unknown” number range
Infrastructure ENUMGeneral Principle
Providers should opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers under a defined domain (e.g. i.3.4.e164.arpa for Austria) to provide other providers with details of their networks‘ ingress points.
WeaknessesProvider Opt-InCountry Opt-In (again)Single Tree
What type of tree?Who is responsible?How to get all providers on that tree?
How to deal with private ENUM deployments?Chicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law (again)
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Private ENUMGeneral Principle
Providers opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers under a defined domain (e.g. e164.info) to provide fellow providers with details of their subscribers SIP AoRs.
Also called Operator ENUM, Enterprise ENUM or Carrier ENUMCurrent service provider interconnect
Private ENUM in a walled garden scenarioSIP Exchange with restricted access on the InternetPublic tree not in e164.arpa
WeaknessesLimited reachNo global solutionHow to peer with other federations?
Way forward3
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General Benefits of ENUM remainENUM is using the DNS
it’s there, it works, it’s global, it scales, it’s reliable, it’s open, anyone can use it…Saving CAPEX
Enables originating administrative domain to do an All Call Query (ACQ) to find destination network
Ultimate solution in Number PortabilityProvisioning is done only by the destination (recipient) administrative domain for the E.164 numbers this domain is hosting
Saving OPEXEnables all multimedia (MM) services for E.164 numbers for all sessions on IP end-to-end
Enables convergence (remember first slide: ENUM – Key to Convergence?)
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Benefits once more …The major benefits of Infrastructure ENUM for (VoIP) carriers and (VoIP) service providers is to save costsMinimal CAPEX for setting up the required infrastructure to provide the routing dataMinimal OPEX for maintaining routing data
Announce the E.164 numbers you host (in ENUM)Announce the domains you host (in DNS)Make bilateral or multilateral peering agreementsQuery ENUM and DNS to find any other destination provider
A matter of time ...ENUM already successfully used
... in Private ENUM deploymentsXConnect, e164.info, SPIDER, …
ENUM still strongly in the focus of standardisationIETF: WG ENUM, WG SPEERMINT, WG P2PSIPETSI/3GPP: ENUM as a building block of the NGN control layer
Future mobile service frameworkGSMA: strongly promoting Private ENUM to be used in their IPX framework
Private domain e164enum.netNot connected to the public DNSDatabase possibly linking 2 billion mobile subscriber within the reach of GSMA
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Finally from a regulatory point of view ...ENUM has been well supported in its infancy
ENUM has gained some attentionENUM is deployed in some placesENUM is ready to stand on its own feet
ENUM now needs more industry supportStandardisation BodiesOperators and Service ProvidersService Developers
Technological innovation will do its partMigration to IP-based NGNs will further promote the ENUM caseIndustry solutions will emerge
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Thank you.!Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Broadcasting
Backup - What is ENUM?3
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What is ENUM?
Electronic NUmber Mapping: “ … the mapping of Telephone Numbers to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) using the Domain Name System(DNS) in the domain e164.arpa …”
ENUM is an IETF standard (RFC 3761) finalized in April 2004 that allows users and applications to use a telephone number to access a listing of Internet resources (URI) for that number, such as addresses for IP telephony, e-mail or Web sites
URIs are used to identify resources on the Internet (e.g. http://www.rtr.at )
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ENUM Domain Name
+43 1 58058 306
43158058306
60385085134
6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4
6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa
„Fully qualified E.164 telephone number“
„Fully qualified domain name“
As a result of an ENUM Lookup for this domain one gets back the IP-Address of the server where the data of the user of the corresponding telephone number are stored. Now this information can be retrieved
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