ENSAYO DERECHO CIVIL II_Claudia Gabriela Paz Cristobal.docx

7/24/2019 ENSAYO DERECHO CIVIL II_Claudia Gabriela Paz Cristobal.docx

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INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTUDIOS SINDICALES Y DEADMINISTRACIN PBLICA DE LA F.S.T.S.E.

ENSAYO DE DERECHO CIVIL II

Licenciatura en Derec! Bur!cr"tic!

#$ %eneraci&n

Tercer Cuatri'e(tre

CLAUDIA %ABRIELA PA) CRISTOBAL

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INDICE

I. INTRODUCCION. 3II. DE LAS OBLIGACIONES EN GENERAL 4

III. SUPUESTOS Y CONSECUENCIAS DE CREACION DE OBLIGACIONES 11

IV. TEORIA GENERAL DE LA FUENTES EXTRACONTRACTUALES Y HECHOS

JURIDICOS QUE SON FUENTES DE OBLIGACIONES. 14

V. SUPUESTOS Y CONSECUENCIAS DEL CUMPLIMIENTO Y DEL

INCUMPLIMIENTO DE LAS OBLIGACIONES. 18

VI. TRANSMISION DE LAS OBLIGACIONES. 19VII. EXTINCIN DE LAS OBLIGACIONES.

VIII. MODALIDADES DE LAS OBLIGACIONES. 8IX. CONCLUSION. 3

X. BIBLIOGRAFIA. 33

I.* INTRODUCCION+


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O8-&'" + !+ "*",? =(0" &-! "&'(7 0" "& ! "#","!'+ "&"!/-(# 5"# /+!'%('+ !+ $"5" ">-&'-%7 $+% "*",$#+?"! !( /+,$%("!'( &-,#(5(. L( /(&( $"%,-'" "!/(5%(% (# /+!'%('+ 5"!'%+ 5" !5"'"%,-!(5+ '-$+ /+!'%(/'(# $(%( ($#-/(% #(& !+%,(& $%"-&'(& $+% "# /:5-+. L( /(&(5"'"%,-!( $(%( 0" &-%"7 = (&7 $+5"% &()"% & %-,"! %"#(5+%7 #( /(5( 5")" &"%#-/-'( $(%( 0" "# /+!'%('+ &"( #-/-'+.

E4e'ent!( 5e 6a4i5e@ 5e 4!( c!ntrat!(.C($(/-5(5. &" &)5--5" "! /($(/-5(5 5"+/" #( ($'-'5 *%5-/( $(%( &"% '-'#(% 5" 5"%"/6+& &)*"'-+&7 /+,!,"!'"5"!+,-!(5( '(,)-! /+,+ /($(/-5(5 *%5-/( = /($(/-5(5 5" "*"%/-/-+ ($'-'5

*%5-/( $(%( "*"%/"% 5"%"/6+& = /+!'%("% +)#-(/-+!"& &-! %"$%"&"!'(/-:! 5" '"%/"%+&75"!+,-!(5( '(,)-! /+,+ /($(/-5(5 5" (/'(%

III.* SUPUESTOS Y CONSECUENCIAS DE CREACION DE OBLI%ACIONES

3.1. CONSENTIMIENTO COMO ELEMENTO ESENCIAL DEL CONTRATO.S" ,(!--"&'( $+% #( /+!/%%"!/-( 5" #( +"%'( = 5" #( (/"$'(/-:! &+)%" #( /+&( = #(

/(&( 0" 6(! 5" /+!&'-'-% "# /+!'%('+. S"%2 !#+ "# "%%+%7 -+#"!/-(7 -!'-,-5(/-:! +

5+#+.

3.. OBJETO COMO ELEMENTO ESENCIAL DEL CONTRATO.T+5(& #(& /+&(& 0" !+ "&'2! "%( 5"# /+,"%/-+ '+5+& #+& &"%-/-+& 0" !+ &"(!/+!'%(%-+& ( #(& #"="& + ( #(& )"!(& /+&',)%"&.

3.3. LA CAUSA EN LOS CONTRATOS.


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L( /(&( "& "# ,+'-+ 5"'"%,-!" 0" ##"+ ( #(& $(%'"& ( /"#")%(% "# /+!'%('+. N+ '-"!"

/(&( /(!5+ #( +#!'(5 !+ &" /+%%"&$+!5"! /+! #( !/-:! &+/-(# 0" 5")" /,$#-%7'(,$+/+ /(!5+ &" &-,#( + &" -!" !( /+&( /(&( 6( 5" &"% ">-&'"!'"7 "%5(5"%( =#-/-'(.

3.4. ELEMENTOS DE VALIDE DE LOS CONTRATOS.

F!r'a. C+!*!'+ 5" &-!+& ,"5-(!'" #+& /(#"& &" ,(!--"&'( "# /+!&"!'-,-"!'+ 5" #(&$(%'"& "! #( /"#")%(/-:! 5" ! /+!'%('+. P+% "*",$#+ +%,( "&/%-'(7 #( -%,( (!'" !+'(%-++ (!'" '"&'-+&7 "'/.

S"% #/-'( $(%( 0" "# /+!'%('+ &"( #/-'+.

L!( 6ici!( 5e4 c!n(enti'ient!.* Q" #( +#!'(5 !+ "&'( $%"&-+!(5( $+% (/'+%"&">'"%!+& 0" ,+5--0"! #( "%5(5"%( -!'"!/-:!7 "%%+%7 #( -+#"!/-( = "# 5+#+.

S- "& !-#('"%(#7 )-#('"%(#7 %('-'+7 +!"%+&+ "'/. "# 5"%"/6+ #+ %"#( 5(5 #( !5+#" 5"#/+!'%('+ -!5"$"!5-"!'","!'" 5" #( +#!'(5 5" #+& /+!'%('(!'"&.

3.. CAPACIDAD Y LA REPRESENTACIN.

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

&+)%" ) #( %"$%"&"!'(/-:!? '+5( -!/($(/-5(5 5" "*"%/-/-+ +%--!( #( !"/"&-5(5 5" !(%"$%"&"!'(/-:! #"(#. L( -!/($(/-5(5 !('%(# + #"(# #( '-"!"? #+& ,"!+%"& 5" "5(5.

#+& ,(=+%"& 5" "5(5 $%-(5+& 5" -!'"#-"!/-( $+% #+/%(7 -5-+'";7 (! /(!5+ '"!(-!'"%(#+& 5" #/-5";7 #+& &+%5+,5+& 0" !+ &()"! #""% !- "&/%-)-%7 #+& ")%-+&/+!&"'5-!(%-+& = #+& 0" 6()-'(#,"!'" 6(/"! &+ ,+5"%(5+ 5" 5%+(& "!"%(!'"&.


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S- &" (5,-'" #( /($(/-5(5 5" +/"7 $"%+ &" !-"( #( 5" "*"%/-/-+ = !+ &" )&/( !,"5-+ #"(# $(%( 0" &" "*"%/-'"! #+& 5"%"/6+& 0" "# '-'#(% !+ $"5" 6(/"% (#"%

5-%"/'(,"!'" &" !"(%( $%2/'-/(,"!'" #( /($(/-5(5 5" +/".

L( %"$%"&"!'(/-:! 5" !( $"%&+!( $+% +'%( $"5" &"% !"/"&(%-( "! /(&+&?

P+% !+ "&'(% $"%&+!(#,"!'" "! "# #(% 5+!5" 5")( %"(#-;(%&" "# (/'+7 $+% -(*"7"!"%,"5(57 $%-&-:! "'/.

P+% !+ /+,$%"!5"% "# (/'+ 0" &" %"(#-;(.

S$+!" /+!5-/-+!"&? #( %"$%"&"!'(/-:! &$+!" /+!5-/-+!"& 0" "# (/'+ *%5-/+ &""*"/'" $+% "# %"$%"&"!'(!'"7 "! !+,)%" 5"# %"$%"&"!'(!'" "! !+,)%" 5"#

%"$%"&"!'(5+.Q" "# (/'+ *%5-/+ &" %"(#-/" $+% /"!'( 5"# %"$%"&"!'(5+ (!0" !+ &-!--/( 0" &"("! & !+,)%" = 6(= ,(!"%(&?

( 5--/#'(5 (# %"$%"&"!'(!'" $(%( 0" (# /+!'%('(% ,(!--"&'" !+ & +#!'(5 &- !+ #(+#!'(5 *%5-/( 5"# %"$%"&"!'(5+.

) (/'(!5+ "! !+,)%" $%+$-+ :&"( +&'"!'2!5+&" (!'" #+& '"%/"%+& /+,+ 5"+ 5"#!"+/-+ $(%( /+!'%('(% 5-%"/'(,"!'" "! )"!"-/-+ $%+$-+ $"%+ "! -%'5 5" ! /+!'%('+(!'"%-+% 5+!5" &" +)#-( ( '%(!&,-'-% #+& 5"%"/6+& = +)#-(/-+!"& 0" 6(=( (50-%-5+ (#

%"$%"&"!'(5+.

/.3.* VICIOS DE CONSENTIMIENTOS.P(%( #( (#-5"; 5"# /+!'%('+ &" %"0-"%" 0" #( +#!'(5 !+ "&'" $%"&-+!(5( $+% (/'+%"&">'"%!+& 0" ,+5--0"! #( "%5(5"%( -!'"!/-:!? $+% "%%+%7 -+#"!/-( = 5+#+.

Err!r. N+/-:! (#&( 0" '"!",+& 5" !( /+&( "& "# (#&+ /+!+/-,-"!'+ 5" (#+ 0"!+& ##"( (# /+!&"!'-,-"!'+ ( "&'+ &" #" ##(,( "%%+% 5" "/6+ = "%%+% 5" 5"%"/6+ "& "#"%%+% &+)%" "# &-!--/(5+ 5" #( !+%,( *%5-/(7 '(!'+ "# "%%+% 5" "/6+ /+,+ "# 5"5"%"/6+ +%--!(! #( !#-5(5 5"# /+!'%('+7 /(!5+ %"/(" &+)%" #( +#!'(5 5" #+&/+!'%('(!'"&.

E# "%%+% 5" 6"/6+ "& "&"!/-(# $+% '(!'+ ,+'-+ 5" !#-5(5 /(!5+ %"/(" &+)%"?

L( !('%(#";( 5"# /+!'%('+7 #( -5"!'-5(5 5"# +)*"'+ + #(& /(#-5(5"& "&$"/-/(& 5" #(/+&(.


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D!4!.* M"5-+ (%'--/-+&+ /+!'%(%-+ ( #( )"!( "7 ",$#"(5+ /+! "# $%+$:&-'+ 5" "!((%$(%( 6(/"% 0" !( $"%&+!( /+!&-"!'( ! /+!'%('+7 6(= '-$+& 5" 5+#+7 "# $%-!/-$(# 0"

"& #( /(&( 5"'"%,-!(!'" 5" #( /+!"!/-:!7 &-! # #( /'-,( !+ 6)-"%( /+!'%('(5+ $+%"&'( %(;:! #( $(%'" "!((5( '-"!" 5"%"/6+ ( 5",(!5(% #( $%"/-&-:! 5"# /+!'%('+7 = "#5+#+ -!/-5"!'(# + (//"&+%-+ 0" &+#+ 5"'"%,-!( ( /+!'%('(%7 "! /+!5-/-+!"& 0"7 $+% &+!"%+&-5(57 !+ 6)-"%( &-5+ (/"$'(5( 5" !+ ,"5-(% #( ,(!-+)%(.

La 6i!4encia. E& '+5( /+(//-:! %(" -%%"&-&'-)#" " -!*&'( "*"%/-5( &+)%" !( $"%&+!(/+! "# +)*"'+ 5" +)#-(%#( ( 0" (/"$'" "# /+!'%('+.

/.#.* LOS 2MBITOS DEL CONTRATO COMO NORMA >URDICA.

E# /+!'%('+ "& ! $%+/"&+ $(%( /%"(% !( !+%,( $"&'+ 0" $"%,-'" ( #+& /+!'%('(!'"&/%"(% #-)%","!'" 5"%"/6+& = +)#-(/-+!"& $+% "&'+ $(%'-/-$( 5" #+& "#","!'+&/+!&'-''-+& 5" #(& !+%,(& = 0" (5",2& '-"!" 4 2,)-'+&?

Materia4=+ &"( 0" ,('"%-(& $"5"! &"% %"#(5+& $+% "# 5"%"/6+ "! "# /+!'%('+. H(=!( :%,#( $(%( 5"'"%,-!(% #+& #-,-'"& ,('"%-(#? #(& $(%'"& $"5"! /%"(% 5"%"/6+& =+)#-(/-+!"& $"%+ !+ $"5"! 5"%+(% !+%,(& 5" -!'"%& "!"%(# !+ /+!'%('(% &+)%" "#"&'(5+ /--# 5" #(& $"%&+!(& !- &+)%" &/"&-+!"& '%(& !- &+)%" +)*"'+& -,$+&-)#"& +$+%0" ! /+!'%('+ &+)%" "##+& &" /+!&-5"%( -!,+%(#.

Te';!ra4? C(!5+ "!'%(% "! -+% #( !+%,( = /(!5+ '"%,-!(. E! "# ,+,"!'+ 0" #(/+!"!/-+!(# 0" 5( /+!/#-5(7 #( !+%,( /+!'%(/'(# "!'%( "! -+% = #( /+!"!/-:!(50-"%" /(%2/'"% +)#-('+%-+.

E(;acia4? 5"-!" /(# "& "# (#/(!/" 5" !( !+%,( /+!'%(/'(# "! /(!'+ (# "&$(/-+$"5" &"% '"%%-'+%-(# + ">'%('"%%-'+%-(#7 + &"(7 "! "# "&'(5+ + "%( 5" "&'".

Per(!na4+5"-!" &- &+#+ %-" $(%( #+& /+!'%('(!'"& + '(,)-! %"&$"/'+ ( '"%/"%+&. L(&!+%,(& 5")"! #-,-'(%&" &+#+ ( #( /+!5/'( 5" #+& /+!'%('(!'"&7 $"%+ '(,)-! /()" #($+&-)-#-5(5 5" 0" #( !+%,( (+%";/( ( '"%/"%+& $"%+ !+ #+& $"%*5-0"

IV.* TEORIA %ENERAL DE LA FUENTES ETRACONTRACTUALES

0.- DECLARACION UNILATERAL DE LA VOLUNTAD.


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O)#-( $+% &- ,-&,( ( & ('+% -!5"$"!5-"!'","!'" 5" '+5( (/"$'(/-:! $+% +'%($"%&+!(. E&'( "& #( !-/( 0" $(%"/" ">$#-/(% #(& +)#-(/-+!"& (#-5(& /+,+ #( 5"#

'"&'(,"!'+7 5" +"%'(& 6"/6(& $+% "# (50-%-"!'" 5" ! -!,")#" 6-$+'"/(5+7 #(&$%+,"&(& 5" %('--/(% ! +)*"'+ $"%5-5+7 ''#+& (# $+%'(5+%7 "'/.

P(%( 0" 6(=( !( +)#-(/-:!7 )(&'( 0" "# (/'+ *%5-/+ 0" #( /%"(7 ">-&'(! #+&"#","!'+& !"/"&(%-+& $(%( 5"'"%,-!(% 5"&$& (# (/%""5+%7 -!5"$"!5-"!'","!'" 5" #(+#!'(5 5"# 5"5+% /+,+ "! #(& 6-$:'"&-& 5(5(&.

0., FORMAS NOMINADAS DE DECLARION UNILATERAL DE VOLUNTAD.

Pr!'e(a( 5e rec!';en(a. E# 0" +%,#( !( $%+,"&( 5" %"/+,$"!&(7 /,$#-5((& /+!5-/-+!"& 5" #( ,-&,(7 "&'2 +)#-(5+ "! (+% 5" ! (/%""5+% -!5"'"%,-!(5+.

O?erta ;u84ica. E! "# C.C (%'. 18K 5-/" 0" "# 6"/6+ 5" +%"/"% (# $)#-/+ +)*"'+& "!5"'"%,-!(5+ $%"/-+7 +)#-( (# 5"+ ( &+&'"!"% & +%"/-,-"!'+7 &" #-,-'( #( +"%'( &+#+( #( "!'(.

E(ti;u4aci&n en ?a6!r 5e tercer!. -!'"%-"!"! 3 $"%&+!(&.

Pr!'inente.*E# 0" ",-'" & +#!'(5 5" +)#-(%&" "! (+% 5" ! '"%/"%+.

E(ti;u4ante. "# 0" '-"!" -!'"%& *%5-/+ 0" "# $%+,-!"!'" &" +)#-" "! (+% 5" !'"%/"%+. E# '"%/"%+ -!'"%-"!" "! !( "/6( $+&'"%-+% 5"# /+!'%('+ $(%( (/"$'(% +

%"$5-(% #( "&'-$#(/-:!7 "&'( +%,( 5" DUV &+#+ $"5" 5(%&" "! #+& /+!'%('+&.E;e5ici&n 5e c!ntrat!( a 4a !r5en ! a4 ;!rta5!r. P"5" %"5(/'(%&" ! 5+/,"!'+/--# ( #( +%5"!7 &-! &*"'(%&" ( /-"%'+& '%,-!+& 5"# 5"%"/6+< )(&'( /+! 0" 5-( 0" "( +%5"! $(%( 0" "# 5+/,"!'+ '"!( (#-5"; /+,+ !( +)#-(/-:! /--# $+% "*",$#+?," +)#-+ ( #( +%5"! 5" #(!+ ( "!'%"(%#" ! ('+,:-# 5" '(# ,(%/( = !,"%+.

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"!'%"(! 5"%"/6+& #-'"%(#"&7 + &"(7 5"%"/6+& 0" 5"$"!5"! 5" "!!/-(/-+!"&">$%"&(,"!'" %"5(/'(5(& $+% #( #"= "! "# /"%$+ 5"# ''#+. P+% "*",$#+? "! #( #"'%( 5"

/(,)-+ 5")" 5"/-% $+% "&'( !-/( #"'%( 5" /(,)-+ = (& /(5( !+ 5" #+& 5+/,"!'+&5")" '"!"% !( %"5(//-:! $%"/-&( 5+!5" &" /+!-"%"! "&+& 5"%"/6+&. E! /(,)-+ "! #+&5+/,"!'+& /--#"& !+ 6(= #-'"%(#-5(5.

E&$"/-"& 5" 5+/,"!'+ ( #( +%5"! + (# $+%'(5+%? &"% ! ''#+ 5" /%5-'+ $"%+ '"!"%#-'"%(#-5(57 &"% ! 5+/,"!'+ ,"%/(!'-# + ( #( +%5"! + (# $+%'(5+% $+% !+ '"!"%#-'"%(#-5(5. D" #"= #-'"%(# = $%+"!-% 5" !( +$"%(/-:!.

0./ FORMAS INNOMINADAS DE DECLARACION UNILATERAL DE LA VOLUNTAD.

S+! 3?( Act! 5i(;!(iti6! uni4atera4 9ratuit!.

E& #( "*"//-:! 5-%"/'(7 ,"5-(!'" #( "!'%"( 5" !( /+&(7 &-! "&$"%(% #( (/"$'(/-:! 5"#(50-%-"!'"7 $"5" &"%? %('-'+ +!"%+&+ + %",!"%('-+ &"! #( -!'"!/-:! 5"#"*"/'(!'"7 6(= !( +)#-(/-:! 5" %"&$"'(% #+ 0" "##( ,-&,( %"(#-;+.

) O"%'( #-)%" ( $"%&+!( -!5"'"%,-!(5(. "& -(# 0" #( +"%'( $)#-/( $"%+ (0 !+ &"#-,-'( (# "!'( "! "# (%'. 193 5-/"7 @ #( +"%'( #-)%" 5" $"%&+!( -!5"'"%,-!(5( "& 2#-5($(%( /+!/%"'(% /(#0-"% /+!'%('+7 5-/6( +"%'( &+#+ "!"!5%( +)#-(/-+!"& 5" 6(/"%

0" "& +'+%(% #+ $%+$"&'+ "! "# /+!'%('+ &- &" %"'%(/'( '-"!" 0" $((% 5(+& =$"%*-/-+&.

/ P%+,"&( ()&'%(/'+ 5" 5"5(. #+& ''#+& ( #( +%5"! = (# $+%'(5+% &+! $%+,"&(&()&'%(/'(& 5" 5"5( ( $"%&+!(& -!5"'"%,-!(5(& = &+! -%%"+/()#"&.

0.0 TESTAMENTO COMO FUENTE DE OBLI%ACIONES.

L+& '"&'(,"!'+& $"5"! $%+5/-% #(& 4 %(!5"& /+!&"/"!/-(& 5" #+& (/'+& *%5-/+&7/%"(%7 '%(!&,-'-%7 ,+5--/(% + ">'-!-% 5"%"/6+& = +)#-(/-+!"&. E! "# '"&'(,"!'+

">-&'"! "#","!'+& "&"!/-(#"& = 5" (#-5";7 #+& $%-,"%+& &+! #( ,(!-"&'(/-:! 5"+#!'(5 = 5"# +)*"'+7 0" 5")" &"% $+&-)#" "! &"!'-5+ &-/+ = *%5-/+7 "! #+& &"!5+&'"!",+& #( +%,(7 #( /($(/-5(5 5"# '"&'(5+% #( (&"!/-( 5" -/-+& 0" ("/'"! &+#!'(5 = #( (/-#-5(5 "! #(& 5-&$+&-/-+!"& $+% #+ '(!'+ "# '"&'(,"!'+ "& "!'" 5"+)#-(/-+!"& =( 0" ( '%(& 5"# #"(5+7 &" $"5"! +%--!(% #+& +'%+& ""/'+&7 "& 5"/-%7'%(!&,-'-% ,+5--/(% = ">--% 5"%"/6+& = +)#-(/-+!"&.


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0.1 LA SENTENCIA COMO FUENTE DE OBLI%ACIONES.

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

Y HECHOS >URIDICOS UE SON FUENTES DE OBLI%ACIONES

0.,.- LA %ESTION DE NE%OCIOS.

E& #( -!'"%"!/-:! +#!'(%-( 0" !+ '-"!" ,(!5('+ !- +)#-(/-:! "! #+& !"+/-+& 5"+'%( 0" "&'2 (&"!'" + -,$"5-5( $(%( ('"!5"% && !"+/-+& $(%( "-'(% $"%*-/-+& +0" &" +)'"!(! )"!"-/-+&7 "# $%-,"%+ '-"!" +)#-(/-+!"& $(%( /+! "# 5"+? 5" (/'(%/+! 5-#-"!/-(7 5" /+!+%,-5(5 ( #+& -!'"%"&"& 5"# 5"+7 5" (-&(% 5" & "&'-:! ="&$"%(% & (/"%5+ + !+7 5")" /+!/#-% & "&'-:! = %"!5-% /"!'(& = "! 5(5+ /(&+-!5",!-;(% (# 5"+.

0.,., ENRIUECIMIENTO SIN CAUSA.A0"# $+% "# /(# "# "!%-0"/-5+ !+ $"5" ($+%'(% ! ,+5+ #"(# + *&'--/(/-:! #"(# 5"

#+ "!%-0"/-5+ !+ '-"!" !( /(&( #"(#. N(5-" $"5" "!%-0"/"%&" &-! !( *&'( /(&(,-&,( 0" 5")" "&'(% $"%,-'-5( $+% #( #"= = &- "&" "!%-0"/-,-"!'+ "& "! 5"'%-,"!'+ 5"+'%+7 "&'2 +)#-(5+ ( -!5",!-;(%#+ "! #( ,"5-5( 5" & "!%-0"/-,-"!'+.

0.,./ RESPONSABILIDA OB>ETIVA.


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E& ! '-$+ 5" %"&$+!&()-#-5(5 /--# -!5"$"!5-"!'","!'" 5" #( /#$( $+% $(%'" 5"# &*"'+%"&$+!&()#". E*",$#+? $%+$-"'(%-+ 5" ! 2%)+# 0" (!0" #+ $+5(%( %"/"!'","!'"

$+%0" (# $(&(% (#-"! #" /(" !( %(,( "! #( /()";( $"5" ">--%#" -!5",!-;(/-:! $+%& %"&$+!&()-#-5(5 +)*"'-(. N+ &" !5: $+% #( ">-&'"!/-( 5" /#$(

0.,.0 ELEMENTOS DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD CIVILE>'%(/+!'%(/'(# &+!? (!'-*%5-/(7 5(+ /(&(5+7 !">+ /(&(# = (/'+%"& 5" ('%-)/-:!.

Anti9e5a5. U! /+,$+%'(,-"!'+ !+ /+,$(%(5+ "! "# 5"%"/6+ /+!'%(%-+ ( #+&$%-!/-$-+& )2&-/+& 5"# 5"%"/6+7 $+% #+ /(# "# ('+% 5"# 5(+ !+ &"%2 %"&$+!&()#" &- #(/+!5/'( %"(#-;(5( &" ""/': 5"!'%+ 5" #+& #,-'"& 5" #+ #-/-'+.

DaG!.L"&-:! ( ! -!'"%& *%5-/(,"!'" $%+'"-5+7 &-! 5(+ !+ 6(= %"&$+!&()-#-5(5/--# $"&'+ 0" "# +)*"'-+ $%-!/-$(# "& #( -!5",!-;(/-:! 5"# 5(+ /(&(5+ '-"!" 0"&"% /-"%'+ = 5-%"/'+.

Ne! cau(a4.R"#(/-:! ">-&'"!'" "!'%" "# "/6+ 5"# 5(+ = "# 5(+ $%+$-(,"!'" 5-/6+7%"#(/-:! /(&(""/'+.

V.* SUPUESTOS Y CONSECUENCIAS DEL CUMPLIMIENTO Y DELINCUMPLIMIENTO DE LAS OBLI%ACIONES

1.-.* DEL PA%O.#( /+!&"/"!/-( "!"%(# 5" '+5(& #(& +)#-(/-+!"& "& "# $(+ + /,$#-,-"!'+7 "&'"$"5" +/%%-%?

( &- "# $(+ &" %"(#-;( +#!'(%-(,"!'" $+% "# 5"5+% = %"/-)-5+ +#!'(%-(,"!'"$+% (/%""5+%

) &- "# $(+ &- %"(#-;( /+!'%( #( +#!'(5 5"# (/%""5+% &" $%"&"!'( #( /+!&-!(/-:!5"# $(+

/ &- "# $(+ &" %"(#-;( /+!'%( #( +#!'(5 5"# 5"5+% "&'+ "# "*"//-:! +%;(5(

E# $(+ "& "# /,$#-,-"!'+ 5" #( +)#-(/-:!7 /(#0-"%( 0" &"( "# +)*"'+ 5" "&'(?5(!5+ !( /+&(7 $%"&'(!5+ ! &"%-/-+ + #( ()&'"!/-:! 5"# +)*"'+ 5" #( +)#-(/-:! 0"$"5" &"% 5" 5(% 5" 6(/"% + !+ 6(/"%. P((% "& "%)+ #('-!+ $"/(%" &-!--/( ($#(/(%.C(#0-"% $"%&+!( $"5" $((%? "# 5"5+% "! $"%&+!( /+,+ ! /-%*(!+7 "&'( "& #(">/"$/-:! "& #( 5",2& $"5"! &"% $((5+& $+% /(#0-"%( (!0" #(& /+!&"/"!/-(&5--"%(! &"! 0-"! %"(#-/" "# $(+7 $"5" %"(#-;(%&" $+% ! 3%+?


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( "# $(+ ""/'(5+ $+% ! 3%+ /+! -!'"%& *%5-/+ "! "# /,$#-,-"!'+ 5" #(+)#-(/-:! '-"!" "# ""/'+ 5" $%++/(% #( &)%+(/-:! + &&'-'/-:! $+% "# 3%+ 0" $(+.

) E# ,(!5('+ "& ! /+!'%('+ $+% "# 0" "# ,(!5('(%-+ &" +)#-( ( $+% /"!'( 5"#5",(!5(!'" /+! /+!&"!'-,-"!'+ 5" "&'"

1.,.* OFRECIMIENTO DE PA%O Y CONSI%NACIN.E# +%"/-,-"!'+ 5" /,$#-% #( +)#-(/-:!7 0" "# 5"5+% 6(/" 5" ,(!"%( " 6(/-"!'" (& (/%""5+% = "# 5"$:&-'+ 5" #( $%"&'(/-:! 5")-5( ( 5-&$+&-/-:! 5" "&'". D-/6++%"/-,-"!'+ &" 6(/" (!'" "# *"; /+,$"'"!'"7 $"%+ '(,)-! $"5" ""/'(%&" (!'" (#!+'(%-+ $)#-/+ "! '+5+& #+& /(&+&7 &(#+ "! "# /(&+ 5" 0" "# (/%""5+% &"(! 55+&+&7&" '%(,-'( #( /+!&-!(/-:! "! #( ( *5-/-(#7 ( -! 5" 0" 5"'"%,-!" #( ('+%-5(5 #(

#"-'-,-5(5 5"# /+)%+.

1./.* INCUMPLIMIENTO DE LAS OBLI%ACIONES.

A//-:! (!'-*%5-/( /#$()#" = 5(+&( 0" /+,$%"!5" ( %"$(%(% #+& 5(+& 0" /(&" +&"( %"&$+!&()-#-5(5 /--#. C(!5+ "& ! /+!'%('+ )-#('"%(# = !( 5" #(& $(%'"& !+/,$#" $+% & /#$( #( $(%'" /+!'%('(!'" $"5" ">--% #( "*"//-:! +%;+&( + #( %"/-&-:!5"# /+!'%('+ = "# $(+ 5" 5(+& = $"%*-/-+& $+% $(%'" 5"# 5"5+%. L( %"/-&-:! "& !((/#'(5 /+!/"5-5( "! '+5+ /+!'%('+ &-!(#(,2'-/+ (# (/%""5+% 5" !( +)#-(/-:!

-!/,$#-5(< (# +)'"!"% #( %"&+#/-:! 5"# /+!'%('+ &" #-)"%( 5" && $%+$-(& +)#-(/-+!"&.E>'-!" ! /+!'%('+ )-#('"%(# 0" !+ 6( &-5+ /,$#-5+ $+% !( 5" #(& $(%'"&.

VI.* TRANSMISION DE LAS OBLI%ACIONES

3.-.* CESIN DE DERECHOS.E& ! /+!'%('+ "! -%'5 5"# /(# "# '-'#(% 5" ! 5"%"/6+ /"5"!'" (%' 9? 6()%2/"&-:! 5" 5"%"/6+ /(!5+ "# (/%""5+% '%(!&-"%( ( +'%+& #+& 0" '"!( /+!'%( &5"5+%7 #+ '%(!&,-'" ( +'%( $"%&+!( /"&-+!(%-+ %('-'( +!"%+&(,"!'"7 &-! (#'"%(% #(%"#(/-:! *%5-/(. E& ! /+!'%('+ /(,)-(!'" $+%0" (&," #( "&"!/-( 5" 5-"%&+&/+!'%('+& /+,+ #( /+,$%("!'(7 #( $"%,'( + #( 5+!(/-:!. E& /+,$%("!'( &- ( /(,)-+

5" #+& 5"%"/6+& /"5-5+& &" $(( ! $%"/-+ /-"%'+ = "! 5-!"%+ "& $"%,'( &- ( /(,)-+5" #+& 5"%"/6+& /"5-5+& &" %"/-)" +'%( /+&( + 5"%"/6+ = "& 5+!(/-:! &- #+& 5"%"/6+&&" '%(!&,-'"! %('-'(,"!'".

L+& 5"%"/6+& $"5"! &"% /"5-5+&? 5"%"/6+& $"%&+!(#"& 5" /%5-'+? /(!5+ "# (/%""5+%/"5" + "!(*"!( #+& 5"%"/6+& 0" '-"!" %"!'" ( & 5"5+%7 $"5"! /"5"%&" '(,)-! #+&


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5"%"/6+& %"(#"& /+,+ #( /"&-:! 5" 5"%"/6+& 6"%"5-'(%-+& 0" /+,$%"!5"! #('%(!&"%"!/-( 5" ! /,#+ 5" (/#'(5"& *%5-/(& 0" $"5"! &"% 5-"%&( !('%(#";(

(& /+,+ #( /"&-:! 5" (%(!'(& (//"&+%-(& (# 5"%"/6+ 5" /%5-'+ /+,+ ( #( 6-$+'"/( =( #( $%"!5( '(,)-! &" $"5"! /"5"% 5"%"/6+& 5" $('"!'" 5" ,(%/(7 5" ('+% +5"%"/6+& $+&"&+%-+&. C(#0-"% 5"%"/6+ $"5" &"% "!(*"!(5+ $+% /"&-:! 5" 5"%"/6+&,"!+& #+& /+!'%(5+& '%(('-+& 5" 5+,-!-+.

Derec!( ina4iena84e( ! in5eci84e(.

P+% & !('%(#";( $+% !+ ('+%-;(%#+ #( #"= + $+%0" &" /+!-!+ "! & -!'%(&,-&-)-#-5(5.D"%"/6+& 5" ,('%-,+!-+ + 5" #( (5+$/-:! 5" &+ = 5" 6()-'(/-:!7 5"%"/6+& &+)%" "#$('%-,+!-+ 5" #( (,-#-(7 #( /"&-:! 5" 5"%"/6+& %"/$%+/+& 0" $%+-"!"! 5" !/+!'%('+ )-#('"%(#7 "# '-'#(% 0-"! "& +)#-(5+ + 5"5+% !+ $+5%2 /"5"% && 5"%"/6+& &-!'%(!&,-'-% -(# && 5"5(&.

3.,.* CESIN DE DEUDAS.S- )-"! "& /-"%'+ 0" #+& 5"%"/6+& $"5"! "!(*"!(%&" &-! "# /+!&"!'-,-"!'+ 5"# 5"5+%7$+% "# /+!'%(%-+ #(& 5"5(& !+ $"5"! '%(!&,-'-%&" &-! #( ('+%-;(/-:! ">$%"&( + '2/-'(5"# (/%""5+%.

F+%,( 5" #( /"&-:! 5" 5"%"/6+&? )(&'( ! "&/%-'+ $%-(5+ 0" -%,"! ! /"5"!'"7 !/"&-+!(%-+ = '"&'-+& ( ,"!+& 0" &"(! 5"%"/6+& 5" +%,( 5" "&/%-'%( $)#-/(7 $+%

"*",$#+? 5"%"/6+& 5" 6-$+'"/(.E?ect!(+"! "# /+!'%('+ 5" /"&-:! 5" 5"%"/6+& #(& $(%'"& &+! "# (/%""5+% 0" '%(!&,-'"&& 5"%"/6+& /"5"!'" = "# 0" #+& %"/-)" /"&-+!(%-+. T+5( $"%&+!( ( "##+& "&'"%/"%+ $+% "*",$#+? "# 5"5+% /"5-5+7 #+& (/%""5+%"& 5"# /"5"!'" = 5"# /"&-+!(%-+ =/(#0-"% +'%( $"%&+!( (*"!(.

Ce(i&n 5e 5eu5a(.*E# 5"5+% +%--!(# 5"*( & &-'-+ 5" +)#-(5+ ( (#-"! 0" #+&&'-'=" /+! "# /+!&"!'-,-"!'+ 5"# (/%""5+%. A& "# 5"5+% +%--!(# 0"5( #-)"%(5+< +'%(

$"%&+!( 0"5+ "! & #(% /+,+ +)#-(5( = #( %"#(/-:! *%5-/( !+ &" ,+5--/(. A&!'(%"& #( $"%&+!( 0" (/"$'( #( +)#-(/-:! 5"# (/%""5+% = "&'" '-"!" 5"%"/6+ ( ">--% "#$(+ 5" #+& (&!'+&. F+%,( 5" #( /"#")%(/-:! 5" #( /"&-:! 5" #( 5"5(? $"5" &"%,(!-"&'(5+ $+% "# (/%""5+% 5" ,(!"%(&?

E;re(a'ente."%)(# + "&/%-'+.


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T"cit!. C(!5+ "# '"%/"%+ $%+$"&'+ $+% "# 5"5+% %"(#-/" "! !+,)%" $%+$-+ (/'+& 0"&+#+ /+%%"&$+!5"! (# +)#-(5+ /+,+ $((% %5-'+&7 6(/"% $(+& $(%/-(#"& (# /($-'(# "'/.

Re7ui(it!( 5e c!n(enti'ient! t"cit!.

( Q" &" 6(( (# (/%""5+% #( $%+$"&'( 5" /"&-:! 5" 5"5(

) Q" !+ 6(( !"('-( ">$%"&( 5"# (/%""5+%

/ Q" "# (/%""5+% $"%,-'( 0" "# '"%/"%+ $%+$"&'+ %"(#-/" (/'+& 0"/+%%"&$+!5(! (# 5"5+% =

5 Q" "&+& (/'+& &"(! %"(#-;(5+& $+% "# '"%/"%+ "! !+,)%" $%+$-+ = !+ $+% /(!'(5"# 5"5+% +%--!(#.

E?ect!( 5e 4a ce(i&n 5e 5eu5a(

1.E# 5"5+% +%--!(# &(#" 5" #( %"#(/-:! *%5-/( = 0"5( ">+!"%(5+ 5" #( 5"5(7 !+&"%2 $"%&"-5+ !- /(!5+ "# !"+ 5"5+% %"'(%( -!&+#"!'" ( !+ &"% 0" #" $%-,"%5"5+% &()-( 5" #( -!&+#"!/-( 5"# &"!5+ 5"5+% = +)'+ #( /"&-:! /+! (%'--/-+&(!#( "# (/'+ *%5-/+.

.(%'. 5"# C.C E# 5"5+% &&'-''+ 0"5( +)#-(5+ -(# 0" "# 5"5+% $%-,-'-+$"%+ /(!5+ ! '"%/"%+ ( /+!&'-'-5+ -(!;(7 $%"!5( + 6-$+'"/(5+ $(%( (%(!'-;(% #(5"5( "&'(& (%(!'(& /"&(! /+! #( &&'-'/-:! 5"# 5"5+% ( ,"!+& 0" "# 3%+.

C+!&-"!'( "! 0" /+!'-!".3. E# !"+ 5"5+% $+5%2 +$+!"% (# (/%""5+% #(& ,-&,(& ">/"$/-+!"& +%--!(5(& $+%#( !('%(#";( 5" #( 5"5( $"%+ !+ $+5%2 +$+!"% #(& ">/"$/-+!"& 0" "%(! $"%&+!(#"&5"# 5"5+% +%--!(#.

3./.* SUBRO%ACIN.

Su8r!9aci&n. S&'-'-% (#%"5"5+% 5" #( &)%+(/-:! $+% $(+ &-!--/( &&'-'-%7 6(=&)%+(/-:! %"(# /(!5+ &" &&'-'="! !+& )-"!"& $+% +'%+& = &)%+(/-:! $"%&+!(#$+% $(+ /(!5+ "# (/%""5+% "& &&'-'-5+ $+% ! '"%/"%+ -!'"%"&(5+ 0" $(( #( 5"5(

+ $%"&'( 5-!"%+ $(%( '(# -!. L( &&'-'/-:! 5"# (/%""5+% $+% "# '"%/"%+ 0" #" $(( "#-,$+%'" 5" & /%5-'+ $"%,-'" ( "&'" (50-%-% "# ,-&,+ 5"%"/6+ 0" '"!( "# (/%""5+%/+! && (%(!'(& = (//"&+%-+&. N+ '+5+ $(+ ""/'( $+% '"%/"%+ "& &)%+( '+%-+'-!-%&" &" '%(!&,-'( (# '"%/"%+&+#"!'"7 0-"! '+,( "# &-'-+ 5"# (/%""5+% "! !( %"#(/-:! *%5-/( 0" !+ &" ,+5--/(.


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C4a(e( 5e (u8r!9aci&n?

P+% & /(&( + "!'". $"5" &"% #"(#? /+!&'-'-5( "! #( #"= = $%+5/" && ""/'+& &-!!"/"&-5(5 5" 0" #(& $(%'"& #+ 5"/#(%"!. A%' 8 = 9.

C!n6enci!na4.'-# "! #+& /(&+& "! #+& /(#"& "# '"%/"%+ !+ '-"!" -!'"%& *%5-/+ "! "#$(+ = 0" $%+-"!" 5" ! (/"%5+ 5" +#!'(5"&7 %"'( 5" ! /+!'%('+ 0" /"#")%(/+! "# (/%""5+% 0-"! (/"$'( &"% &)%+(5+ $+% "# 3%+. C+! "# 5"5+% 0" $"%,-'" 0""# 3%+ &+#"-& &&'-'-% (# (/%""5+% = ($%+"/6(% #( &-'(/-:! 5" "&'" "! #( %"#(/-:!

*%5-/( (%' .

L( /"&-:! 5" 5"%"/6+& "& +%;+&(,"!'" ! /+!'%('+. L( &)%+(/-:! !+ ">/"$'+ $+%&)%+(/-:! /+!"!/-+!(#.

E?ect!( 5e 4a (u8r!9aci&n.*T%(!&,-'" "# /%5-'+ 5"# (/%""5+% +%--!(# 5" 3%+ &+#"-&.L( '%(!&-"%" /+! '+5(& (%(!'(&7 -/-+& = #-,-'(/-+!"&7 5"-( = 5"&-!'"%"&( (#(/%""5+% $%-,-'-+ (! "! /+!'%( 5" & +#!'(57 (# &"% &+#"!'(5+ & /%5-'+.

Su8r!9aci&n ;arcia4.S+#+ &- "# (/%""5+% /+!&-"!'" "! "##( = "! 5--5-% "# $(+ 5" #(5"5( + &- #( 5"5( "& $((5"%( "! $"!&-+!"& = "# '"%/"%+ 6(/" $(+ 5" (#!(& = &-"& ! /++)#-(5+ 0-"! $(( = &&'-'=" (# (/%""5+%7 $"& &+#+ %"$"'-%2 /+!'%( &&/+5"5+%"& $+% "# %",)+#&+ 5" #( $(%'" 5" "&'+& "! #( 5"5(. L( 5"5( $((5( $+% !/+5"5+% &+#-5(%-+ '-"!" /+,+ ""/'+ 0" &+#"-& &+#+ & &)%+( (# (/%""5+% "! #(&/+'($(%'"& 5"# /%5-'+ 6()-5+ %"!'" ( #+& 5",2& /++)#-(5+&.

VII.* ETINCIN DE LAS OBLI%ACIONES.

#.- NOVACIN.D" (/"%5+ /+! "# (%'/#+ 18K8 CCP @6(= !+(/-:! 5" !( +)#-(/-:!7 /(!5+#(& $(%'"& -!'"%"&(5(& "! "##( #( (#'"%(! &)&'(!/-(#,"!'"7 &&'-'=!5+#( $+%+'%( !"(.D" #( (!'"%-+% 5"-!-/-:! &" 5"&$%"!5"! #+& &--"!'"& "#","!'+&?

1. ue una !84i9aci&n nue6a (u(titua a una anti9ua.

E# 6"/6+ 5" 0" 6(=( &)&'-'/-:! 5" +)#-(/-+!"& %"0-"%" 0" (,)(& ">-&'(! =&"(! 2#-5(&7 5" '(# &"%'" 0" &- #( +)#-(/-:! $%-,-'-( "& -!">-&'"!'" + "&'2("/'(5( 5" !#-5(5 ()&+#'(7 #( !+(/-:! 0"5(%2 &-! ""/'+& A%'/#+& 189 =1881 CCP. A&-,-&,+7 &- #( +)#-(/-:! !"( "& -!">-&'"!'"7 '(,$+/+ $"5" ">-&'-%#( !+(/-:!7 =( 0" #( %"#(/-:! *%5-/( +%--!(# !+ $"5" &)&'-'-%&" $+% +'%( 0"/(%"/" 5" ">-&'"!/-( #"(#7 '"!-"!5+ 0" &)&-&'-% /+! '+5+& && ""/'+& #"(#"& #(+)#-(/-:! $%-,-'-( A%'/#+ 188 CCP.


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2. ue aa una '!5i?icaci&n (u8(tancia4 entre a'8a( !84i9aci!ne(.

L( (#'"%(/-:! &)&'(!/-(# $"5" %"(#-;(%&" "! 3 5-"%&+& (&$"/'+&?a. En cuant! a 4!( (u'-!" #( +)#-(/-:! $%-,-'-(7&"-%2! #( ,-&,( &"%'" #(& +)#-(/-+!"& (//"&+%-(& 5" #( ,-&,(7 &(#+ $(/'+


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"! /+!'%(%-+ 0" 5"*" &)&-&'"!'" 5-/6(& +)#-(/-+!"& (//"&+%-(&7 $"%+ (6+%(/+! %"#(/-:! ( #( !"( +)#-(/-:! A%'/#+ 184 CCP.

B.

E! #( !+(/-:! &)*"'-( $+% /(,)-+ 5" 5"5+%7 "# (/%""5+% (# #-)"%(% (# $%-,"%5"5+% !+ $"5" %"$"'-% "! /+!'%( 5" "&'" "! /(&+ 5" -!&+#"!/-( 5"# !"+5"5+%7 &(#+ /+!"!-+ "! /+!'%(%-+ A%'/#+ 18 CCP.

C. L(& ,+5(#-5(5"& 0" ">-&'-"%(! "! !/-:! 5" #( +)#-(/-:! $%-,-'-( !+ &"%2!($#-/()#"& ( #( !"( +)#-(/-:!7 #( /(# "&'(%2 &*"'( !-/(,"!'" ( (0"##(& 0"&" 6(=(! "&'-$#(5+ "! "# /+!"!-+ 5" !+(/-:! A%'/#+ 18 CCP.

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te!r:a tra5ici!na4 5" #( 5(/-:! "! $(+ =(5",2& "&'-,( 0"7 &- "# (/%""5+% &%" "-//-:!7 "&'" '-"!" 5"%"/6+ 5" ">--% (# 5"5+%"# /,$#-,-"!'+ 5" #( $%"&'(/-:! $%-,-'-(. E&'( $+&'%( "& (5+$'(5( $+% !"&'%+ CCP"! & A%'/#+ 1891. S-! ",)(%+7 !-/(,"!'" &" ($#-/( "# @""/'+ !-> ( #( "-//-:! =!+ ( #( ">-&'"!/-( 5" -/-+& + 5""/'+& +/#'+& "! "# )-"! "!(*"!(5+7 &$"&'+ "! "# 0""# (/%""5+% '"!5%2 ">$"5-'(& && (//-+!"& $(%( $%+/"5"% "! /+!'%( 5"# 5"5+% A%'/#+189 CCP.L( '"&-& 0" 5" +%,( $(%(#"#( /+">-&'" /+! #( /#2&-/( "& #( 5" Au8r Rau 5eP4ani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

0" #( #"= %"/+!+/" ( #( !+(/-:!7 /+! #+ 0" 5" +%,( $(%/-(# (5,-'" #( '"&-& 5"P#(!-+#.

.3 COMPENSACIN.De?inici&n.


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D" (/"%5+ (# A%'/#+ 1839 CCP7 ">-&'" /+,$"!&(/-:! @/(!5+ #(& $"%&+!(& &+!5"5+%(& %"/$%+/(&7 = $+% & $%+$-+ 5"%"/6+7 5" 5"5(& !-)#"&7 #0-5(& =

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

!"/"&(%-+ 0" "# 5",(!5(5+ #( +$&-"%" "! ( 5" ">/"$/-:!7 ( ""/'+ 5" 0" "#

*"; #( 5"/#(%(%" "! #( &"!'"!/-(7 + 5" 0" (/+%5(%"! #(& $(%'"& "! /+!#-/'+ &($#-/(/-:!. II. A $(%'-% 5" J&'-!-(!+7 & !/-+!: #( /+,$"!&(/-:! "! +%,( #"(# "

-!5"$"!5-"!'","!'" 5" #( +#!'(5 5" #(& $(%'"&7 &-! 0" &-!--0" 0" "#5",(!5(5+ "%( #-)%" 5" !+ -!+/(%#( /+,+ ">/"$/-:! $(%( 0" "# *"; 5" +-/-+#( 6-/-"%" (#"%.

C4a(e( 5e C!';en(aci&n.S+! ,('"%-( 5" "&'5-+ #( /+,$"!&(/-:! #"(#7 #( *5-/-(#7 #( /+!"!/-+!(# = #((/#'('-(.C!';en(aci&n 4e9a4.S-! #(% ( 55( #( ,2& -,$+%'(!'" = #( %"#(5( $+% !"&'%( #"-(/-:!.S" 5"!+,-!( /+,$"!&(/-:! #"(# $+%0" 5"&5" "# ,+,"!'+ "! 0" &" /,$#"! #+&&$"&'+& #"(#"& 0" (!(#-;(%",+&7 +$"%( $+% ,-!-&'"%-+ 5" #"=7 ">'-!-"!5+ #(&5"5(& /+%%"#('-(&7 "! $%+$+%/-:! ( && /(!'-5(5"&.

C!';en(aci&n -&'" /(!5+ (#'(!5+ (#!+ 5" #+& %"0-&-'+& 0"#( $%+5/-%(! 5" $#"!+ 5"%"/6+7 #( $%+!!/-( "# *"; (/+-"!5+ #( ">/"$/-:! +%"/+!"!/-:! 0" /+!'%( #( 5",(!5( 5"# (/'+% +$+!" "# 5",(!5(5+.E&'( +%,( 5" /+,$"!&(/-:! -,$#-/( 0" 5%(!'" #( '%(,-'(/-:! 5"# $%+/"&+ #"(#7 #+&/%5-'+& !+ /+,$"!&()#"& #"(#,"!'"7 %"!"! #+& &$"&'+& = $+% #+ '(!'+ "# *";$"5" 5"/#(%(%#( $%+/"5"!'" "! #( &"!'"!/-(.

C!';en(aci&n c!n6enci!na4.


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E&'( +/%%" /(!5+ #(& $(%'"& 5" /+,! (/"%5+ /+,$"!&(! 5+& /%5-'+& 0" !+ #+"%(! "! -%'5 5" 0" !+ &('-&(/(! #+& &$"&'+& #"(#"& (!+'(5+&. E&'( +%,( 5"

/+,$"!&(/-:! %"/+!+/" "# &"+%+ = ('+!+,( 5" #( +#!'(5 $(%( 6(/"%/+,$"!&()#"& /%5-'+& 0" #"(#,"!'" !+ #+ &+!.C!';en(aci&n ?acu4tati6a.E&'( "&$"/-" 5" /+,$"!&(/-:! +$"%( ( '%(& 5" !( 5"/#(%(/-:! !-#('"%(# 5"+#!'(5 5" (0"# ( 0-"! !+ &" $"5( +$+!"% #( /+,$"!&(/-:!7 $(%( 0" &-! "#/+!&"!'-,-"!'+ 5" #( +'%( $(%'"7 &'( &" $%+5;/(. S" 5-&'-!" 5" #( /+,$"!&(/-:!/+!"!/-+!(# $+% %"0"%-%&" "! "&'( "# /+!&"!'-,-"!'+7 ,-"!'%(& 0" "! #( (/#'('-( &"$%+5/" $+% 5"/#(%(/-:! !-#('"%(# 5" +#!'(5.E?ect!( 5e 4a c!';en(aci&n.

E# $%-!/-$(# ""/'+ "& ">'-!-% (,)(& +)#-(/-+!"& !'"%(,"!'" /(!5+ &+! $+% #(,-&,( /(!'-5(5 + 6(&'( $+% "# ,+!'+ 5" #( ,"!+%7 '"!-"!5+ "# (/%""5+% 5"# %",(!"!'"(//-:! ">$"5-'( $(%( %"/#(,(%#( A%'/#+ 1843 CCP.

#.0 CONFUSIN.

De?inici&n.L( +)#-(/-:! &" ">'-!" $+% /+!&-:! /(!5+ #(& /(#-5(5"& 5" (/%""5+% = 5"5+% &"%"!"! "! !( ,-&,( $"%&+!( A%'/#+ 18 CCP.T+5( "; 0" #( +)#-(/-:! %"0-"%" ( ! &*"'+ (/'-+ = (! &*"'+ $(&-+7 ">-&'" !(-,$+&-)-#-5(5 #:-/( 5" 0" &)&-&'( #( +)#-(/-:!. I(#,"!'" &- /"&( #( /(&( 5" #(/+!&-:!7 %"!(/" #( +)#-(/-:! A%'/#+ 18K CCP.Natura4e@a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

&"% 5"5+% 5" & ,-&,+.

#.1 REMISIN.

De?inici&n.


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E# ,"5-+ #-)"%('+%-+ 5" +)#-(/-+!"& $+% ">/"#"!/-( "& #( %",-&-:!7 #( /(# -,$#-/( !(/'+ *%5-/+ !-#('"%(# + )-#('"%(# $+% -%'5 5"# /(# "# (/%""5+% #-)"%( (# 5"5+% 5" &

+)#-(/-:!7 &-",$%" 0" #( #"= !+ #+ $%+6)( A%'/#+ 1883 CCP.Natura4e@a -&'" !( 5-&'-!/-:!. S- #( %",-&-:! + 0-'( &" "%--/( ( '%(& 5"5"/#(%(/-:! !-#('"%(# 5" +#!'(57 &'( 5"-"!" -%%"+/()#" !( "; ""/'(5( A%'/#+1884 CCP.P+% & $(%'"7 &- &" (5,-'" 0" #( %",-&-:! &" "%--0" ( '%(& 5" ! (/'+ *%5-/+)-#('"%(#7 #( %",-&-:! $+5%( %"+/(%&" "!'%" '(!'+ #(& $(%'"& !+ /"#")%(%(! "# /+!"!-+%"&$"/'-+. P+% "##+7 "# A%'/#+ 1888 CCP &"(#( 0" &" ($#-/(! ( #( %",-&-:! #(&

/(&(& 5" %"+/(/-:! $+% -!%('-'5 %"#(5(& $(%( #( 5+!(/-:! A%'/#+ CCP.C!n(ecuencia( 5e 4a re'i(i&n.L( %",-&-:! ">'-!" #( +)#-(/-:! $%-!/-$(# = '+5(& #(& (//"&+%-(&7 $"%+ #( %",-&-:! 5"#(& (//"&+%-(& !+ ">'-!"! ( #( $%-!/-$(# A%'/#+ 188 CCP.P+% #+ (!'"%-+%7 #( %",-&-:! 0" "%" /+!/"5-5( ">/#&-(,"!'" ( (#!+ 5" #+&5"5+%"& &+#-5(%-+& "! #( $(%'" %"#('-( ( & %"&$+!&()-#-5(5 !+ ($%+"/6( ( #+& 5",2&A%'/#+ 188K CCP< !- #( 5"+#/-:! 5" #( $%"!5( ">'-!" "# 5"%"/6+ $%-!/-$(# &- (&&" ,(!--"&'( ">$%"&(,"!'" A%'/#+ 188 CCP.

#.3 DELE%ACIN

De?inici&n.R-"%+ #( 5"-!" /+,+ @!( +%5"! 5(5( $+% !( $"%&+!( ( +'%( $(%( 0" &'( #'-,(%"(#-/" !( $%"&'(/-:! + 6(( !( $%+,"&( ( ! '"%/"%+7 "! +%,( ( 0" #( $%"&'(/-:! +#( $%+,"&( &" &+)%""!'-"!5" 6"/6( $+% /"!'( 5" #( $%-,"%(.Parte( 7ue inter6ienen en 4a 5e4e9aci&n 5e ;a9!.3 &+! #(& $(%'"& 0" -!'"%-"!"!? 5"#"(!'"7 5"#"(5+ = 5"#"('(%-+< (5",2& &"%"0-"%" !( 5+)#" %"#(/-:! *%5-/( %"&$"/'-(,"!'" "!'%" "# 5"#"(!'" = "# 5"#"(5+ ="!'%" "# 5"#"(!'" = "# 5"#"('(%-+.D" "&'( +%,( '"!",+& 0" "# 5"#"(!'" "& (/%""5+% 5" +'%+ &*"'+ 5"#(5+7 &-"!5+ (

& "; "# 5"#"(!'" 5"5+% 5" +'%+ &*"'+ 5"#"('(%-+.E# ,"/(!-&,+ +$"%( ,"5-(!'" #( (//-:! 5" $(+ 0" %"(#-;( "# 5"#"(5+ (# 5"#"('(%-+7">'-!-"!5+ '(!'+ & +)#-(/-:! $(%( /+! "# 5"#"(!'"7 /+,+ #( +)#-(/-:! 5"#5"#"(!'" $(%( /+! "# 5"#"('(%-+7 #:-/(,"!'" "! "# "&/"!(%-+ ,2& &-,$#"7 &-"!5+-(#"& #(& /(!'-5(5"& 5")-5(&.Uti4i5a5.


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A# -(# 0" "! #( /+,$"!&(/-:!7 #( 5"#"(/-:! '-"!" $+% +)*"'+ "-'(% $(+& &/"&-+&75")-5+ ( 0" "! &:#+ $(+ &" ">'-!"! +)#-(/-+!"&.

C4a(e( 5e 5e4e9aci&n. I. De4e9aci&n titu4a5a.E& (0##( "! #( 0" "# 5"#"(5+ /+!-"!" /+! "# 5"#"(!'"

"! 0" $((%2 #+ 0" (5"5( (# 5"#"('(%-+< "& 5"/-% &" $%+5/" $+% "#/+!&"!'-,-"!'+ "!'%" #(& $(%'"&.

II. De4e9aci&n ;ura ! a8(tracta.E&'( &" $%+5/" /(!5+ "# 5"#"(5+ $(( (#5"#"('(%-+ /,$#-"!5+ !( +%5"! 5"# 5"#"(!'".

III. De4e9aci&n n!6at!ria ! ;er?ecta.E>-&'" /(!5+ $+% /+!"!-+ "!'%" #(& 3$(%'"&7 ">$%"&(,"!'" &" "&'-$#( 0" #( %"#(/-:! *%5-/( ">-&'"!'" "!'%" "#5"#"(!'" = "# 5"#"(5+ = "!'%" "# 5"#"(!'" = "# 5"#"('(%-+7 0"5(%2!">'-!-5(&7 $(%( 5(% !(/-,-"!'+ ( !( !"( %"#(/-:! 0" 5-%"/'(,"!'" &"

"&'()#"/" "!'%" "# 5"#"('(%-+ /+,+ (/%""5+% = "# 5"#"(5+ /+,+ 5"5+%70"5(!5+ "#-,-!(5+ "# 5"#"(!'". IV. De4e9aci&n (i';4e ! i';er?ecta.E& (0"##( "! #( 0" !+ 6(= !+(/-:!7

&-,$#","!'" "# 5"#"(5+ "& (/"$'(5+ $+% "# 5"#"('(%-+ &-! #-)"%(% (# 5"#"(!'"7$+% #+ 0" ! &"!5+ 5"5+% &" ((5" ( "&'" #'-,+ %"&$"/'+ 5"# /%5-'+ /+! "#5"#"('(%-+.

VIII.* MODALIDADES DE LAS OBLI%ACIONES

.- DEFINICION. S+! (0"##(& /=+& "#","!'+& "&'%/'%(#"& "&'2! -!'"%(5+& /(5(!+7 $+% ! &+#+ /+,$+!"!'" ! !/#+7 !( $%"&'(/-:!7 ! (/%""5+%7 ! 5"5+%

/=+& ""/'+& &" $%+5/"! $(%( #(& $(%'"& 5" -!,"5-('+ = $(%( &-",$%"

., CONDICION Y TRMINO.M+5(#-5(5"& &+! #+& "#","!'+& (//-5"!'(#"& 5" !( +)#-(/-:! 0" (#'"%(! + ,+5--/(!&& ""/'+& $%+$-+& + !+%,(#"&7 &"( "! /(!'+ ( & !(/-,-"!'+7 "*"%/-/-+ + ">'-!/-:!.

T(,)-! &" 5-/" 0" ,+5(#-5(5 "& #( "&'-$#(/-:! -!&"%'( "! ! (/'+ *%5-/+ 0" '-"!"$+% -! %"'(%5(% + ,+5--/(% #+& ""/'+& 0" &'" 6()%( $%+5/-5+ &- 6)-"&" &-5+ $%+ =&-,$#"7 + ">'-!-% "&+& ""/'+& "! ! ,+,"!'+ 5(5+. E! &"!'-5+ "&'%-/'+ &+!,+5(#-5(5"&7 #( /+!5-/-:!7 "# $#(;+ = "# ,+5+.

CONDICIN? E& ! 6"/6+ '%+ " -!/-"%'+7 0" $"5" &/"5"% + !+7 5"# /(# 5"$"!5"#( (50-&-/-:! + ">'-!/-:! 5" ! 5"%"/6+.

PLA)O? E& ! 6"/6+ '%+ = /-"%'+7 5"# /(# 5"$"!5" "# "*"%/-/-+ + #( ">'-!/-:! 5" !5"%"/6+.


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MODO+E& !( /(%( -,$"&'( (# (50-%"!'" 5" ! 5"%"/6+. E& !( ,+5(#-5(5 ,2&)-"! $%+$-( 5" #(& (&-!(/-+!"& '"&'(,"!'(%-(& = 5+!(/-+!"& "!'%" -+&< $+/(& "/"&

'-"!" #(% "! #+& (/'+& ( ''#+ +!"%+&+.

E# ,+5+ &" 5-&'-!" 5" #( +)#-(/-:! &&$"!&-( "! 0" !+ &&$"!5" #( (50-&-/-:!5"# 5"%"/6+

./ OBLI%ACIONES MANCOMUNADAS Y SOLIDARIAS.C(!5+ ">-&'" $#%(#-5(5 5" &*"'+& (/'-+& + (/%""5+%"&7 = + 5" &*"'+& $(&-+& +5"5+%"&7 5" !( ,-&,( +)#-(/-:!7 +%--!( 0" &" '+%!" /+,$#"*(7 &%-"!5+ !(

!"( ,+5(#-5(5 0" &" /#(&--/( "! MANCOMUNIDAD Y SOLIDARIDAD A%'/#+1K1 CCP.

MANCOMUNIDADL( ,(!/+,!-5(5 "& !( ,+5(#-5(5 0" -,$+%'( !( $#%(#-5(5 5" &*"'+& 5"5+%"& +(/%""5+%"&7 "! #( 0" "# /%5-'+ + 5"5( &" /+!&-5"%(! 5--5-5+& "! '(!'(& $(%'"& /+,+5"5+%"& + (/%""5+%"& 6(=(7 &-"!5+ 5-&'-!'( /(5( $(%'" 5" #( 5"5( + 5"# /%5-'+7 $"%+$%"&!'(,"!'" -(#"&7 &(#+ $(/'+ + 5-&$+&-/-:! #"(# "! /+!'%(%-+ A%'/#+ 1KCCP.

P+% #+ (!'"%-+%7 ! &+#+ (/%""5+% $"5" ">--% ( $%+%%('( ( 5-&'-!'+& 5"5+%"& "# $(+ 5"

!( &+#( +)#-(/-:!< + )-"!7 5-"%&+& (/%""5+%"& $"5"! ">--% ( $%+%%('( "# $(+ 5"!( &+#( $%"&'(/-:! ( ! &+#+ 5"5+%.

R"'( "-5"!'" 0" "! %"(#-5(5 ">-&'" !( 5--&-:! 5" +)#-(/-+!"&.

SOLIDARIDAD.E! "&'( ,+5(#-5(5 NO ">-&'" #( 5--&-:! %"&$"/'+ 5"# /%5-'+ + #( 5"5(7 &-!+ 0" #($%"&'(/-:! 5")" &"% NTEGRAMENTE $((5( $+% "# !-/+ 5"5+% ( /(#0-"%( 5" #+&(/%""5+%"& S+#-5(%-5(5 (/'-(7 + )-"! $+% (#!+ 5" #+& 5"5+%"& (# !-/+ (/%""5+%S+#-5(%-5(5 $(&-(.

L( &+#-5(%-5(5 (/'-( + $(&-( %"'( $+% #( +#!'(5 ">$%"&( 5" #(& $(%'"& + $+%5-&$+&-/-:! 5" #( L"= A%'/#+ 1K4 CCP.

SOLIDARIDAD ACTIVA.L( &+#-5(%-5(5 (/'-( "& "# 5"%"/6+ 0" '-"!"! + ,2& (/%""5+%"& $(%( ">--% /+!*!'(+ &"$(%(5(,"!'" "# $(+ '+'(# 5" #( +)#-(/-:! A%'/#+ 1K CCP.


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Re94a( 5e 4a (!4i5ari5a5 acti6a+1 E# $(+ 6"/6+ $+% "# 5"5+% ( /(#0-"%( 5" #+& (/%""5+%"& &+#-5(%-+& ">'-!"

#( 5"5(7 &(#+ 0" 6(=( &-5+ %"0"%-5+ *5-/-(#,"!'" $+% (#!+ 5" "##+&7 "!/=+ /(&+ 5")"%2 6(/"% "# $(+ (# 5",(!5(!'" A%'/#+ 1K CCP. E# (/%""5+% 0" 6)-"&" %"/-)-5+ '+5+ + $(%'" 5"# $(+7 "& %"&$+!&()#" $(%( /+!

#+& +'%+& (/%""5+%"& 5" #( $(%'" 0" ( &'+& /+%%"&$+!5(7 $+% -%'5 5" #+5-&$"&'+ $+% #( #"= + $+% /+!"!-+ "!'%" #+& (/%""5+%"& A%'/#+ 1K31 CCP.

3 L( !+(/-+!7 /+,$"!&(/-:!7 /+!&-:!7 %",-&-:! + 0-'( "%--/(5( $+%/(#0-"%( 5" #+& (/%""5+%"& &+#-5(%-+& ">'-!"! #( +)#-(/-:! + 6(&'( $+% "#-,$+%'" 5" #( 0-'( A%'/#+& 1K8 = 1K9 CCP.

4 E# 5"5+% $"5" +$+!"% ">/"$/-+!"& $"%&+!(#"& ( #+& (/%""5+%"& &+#-5(%-+&7 #(&/+,!"& $(%( /+! '+5+& #+& (/%""5+%"& = #(& $"%&+!(#"& 5" /(#0-"%( 5" "&'+&75")-"!5+ &"% +5+ "! *-/-+ "# (/%""5+% ( 0" &" %"-"%(! A%'/#+ 1K3 CCP.

S- "# /%5-'+ $"%'"!"/-"%" ( !+ &+#+ 5" #+& (/%""5+%"& = #( &+#-5(%-5(5 (/'-( &""&'()#"/-: /+! "# !-/+ ""/'+ 5" 0" /(#0-"%( $5-"%( %"/-)-% "# $(+7 #(&%"#(/-+!"& 5" #+& (/%""5+%"& &+#-5(%-+& &" %"-%2! $+% #(& %"#(& 5"# ,(!5('+ &-!%"$%"&"!'(/-:! A%'/#+ 1K3 CCP.

SOLIDARIDAD PASIVA.P+% ""/'+ 5" #( &+#-5(%-5(5 $(&-(7 + ,2& 5"5+%"& '-"!"! #( +)#-(/-:! 5" %"(#-;(%/(5( !+ $+% &7 #( '+'(#-5(5 5" #( +)#-(/-:!.

Re94a( ;r!;ia( 5e 4a (!4i5ari5a5 ;a(i6a+1 E# $(+ 6"/6+ $+% !+ 5" #+& 5"5+%"& &+#-5(%-+& ">'-!" #( 5"5( A%'/#+

1K9 CCP. L( #-)"%(/-:! 5" #( +)#-(/-:! $+% /(#0-"% 5"5+% &+#-5(%-+7 ">'-!" #( ,-&,(

%"&$"/'+ ( #+& 5",2& 5"5+%"& A%'/#+& 1K1 = 1K11 CCP.3 E# 5"5+% &+#-5(%-+ $+5%2 +$+!"% /+!'%( #(& %"/#(,(/-+!"& 5"# (/%""5+%7 #(&

">/"$/-+!"& 0" #" &"(! $"%&+!(#"& A%'/#+ 1K14 CCP.4 E# 5"5+% &+#-5(%-+ "& /--#,"!'" %"&$+!&()#" $(%( /+! && /+ +)#-(5+& $+% #(

!+ +$+&-/-:! 5" ">/"$/-+!"& /+,!"& ( '+5+&7 + &:#+ $(%( /+! "# 0" #" 6(=(6"/6+ &()"% 5" !( ">/"$/-:! $"%&+!(# 0" &'" '"!( = !+ (& 6(/" (#"%A%'/#+ 1K1 CCP.

L+& 5"5+%"& &+#-5(%-+& &"%2! -(#,"!'" %"&$+!&()#"& &+#-5(%-(,"!'" 5" #+&5(+& = $"%*-/-+& 0" &" "!"%"! $+% "# -!/,$#-,-"!'+ 5" #( +)#-(/-:!.

K E# 5"5+% &+#-5(%-+ 0" $(( '-"!" 5"%"/6+ 5" ">--% 5" #+& +'%+& /+5"5+%"& #($(%'" 0" "! "##( #"& /+%%"&$+!5" A%'/#+ 1K1 . I CCP.

L+& 5"5+%"& &+#-5(%-+& "&'(%2! +)#-(5+& "!'%" & $+% $(%'"& -(#"&7 &(#+$(/'+ "! /+!'%(%-+ A%'/#+ 1K1 . II CCP.

SOLIDARIDAD MITA.


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C(!5+ ">-&'" &+#-5(%-5(5 (/'-( = $(&-( ( #( ";7 #( +)#-(/-:! &" %"-%2 $+% #(&5-&$+&-/-+!"& 0" /+%%"&$+!5"! ( (,)(& -!&'-'/-+!"& A%'/#+ 1K3 CCP.

.0 OBLI%ACIONES INDIVISIBLES.

L(& +)#-(/-+!"& @S+! -!5--&-)#" &- #(& $%"&'(/-+!"& !+ $5-"&"! &"% /,$#-5(& $+% "!'"%+.E& 5"/-%7 !+ (5,-'"! /,$#-,-"!'+ $(%/-(#.

N"&'%+ &-&'",( *%5-/+ &" -!/#-!( $+% #( 5--&-)-#-5(5 ,('"%-(#7 !+ $5-"!5+ &"% 5--5-5(-!'"#"/'(#,"!'" -5"(# !( $%"&'(/-:! &-/(,"!'" -!5--&-)#"7 $"%+ #+ /+!'%(%-+ "& -()#"?#(& $(%'"& $"5"! /+!"!-% 0" !( $%"&'(/-:! 5--&-)#" 5")( &"% /,$#-5( !'"%(,"!'"$+% "# 5"5+% -!5--&-)-#-5(5 -!'"!/-+!(# + /+!"!/-+!(#.

L( -!5--&-)-#-5(5 #"(# + 5" $(+ "& #( 0" $"5" &%-% 5" #( +#!'(5 5"# #"-(5+%.

.1 OBLI%ACIONES ALTERNATIVAS= FACULTATIVAS Y CON>UNTIVAS

A4ternati6a(.*+)#-(/-+!"& /+! (%-+& +)*"'+& #+ ,-&,+ 0" #(& /+!*!'-(& $(%(5-"%"!/-( 5" "&'+&7 "# 5"5+% !+ '-"!" 0" $((%#+& '+5+& &-!+ !+ 5" "##+&. E# 5"5+%5")" "#"-% #( $%"&'(/-:! #-)"%('+%-( ""/'+&?

L( +)#-(/-:! /+! ! &+#+ +)*"'+

S- &" '%('( 5" +)#-(/-+!"& '%(('-( 5" 5+,-!-+ $%+5/-5(7 #( '%(!&"%"!/-( 5" #($%+$-"5(5 5" #( /+&( "#"-5(

L+& %-"&+& 5" & $"%5-5( ( $(%'-% 5" #( "#"//-:! 0"5(! ( /(%+ 5"# (50-%-"!'".F(/#'('-(&. !+ 6(! &-5+ %"#(,"!'(5(& $+% "# #"-(5+%7 $"%+ & /%"(/-:! "& $+&-)#"$+% "# /+!"!-+ 5" #(& $(%'"& = && /(%(/'"%&'-/(&? $+% /+!/"&-:! "&$"/-(# 5"#(/%""5+%7 "# 5"5+% $"5" "!'%"(% ( +'%( $%"&'(/-:! 5"'"%,-!(5(. C+!*!'-(&./(!5+ "# 5"5+% "&'2 +)#-(5+ ( $%"&'(% (%-+& 6"/6+& + "!'%"(% (%-(& /+&(& ( #("; = !+ "&'( #-)"%(5+ 6(&'( 0" !+ /,$#( '+5(& #(& /+!5/'(& %"0"%-5(&.


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CONCLUSION

C#,-!(!5+ "# 5"&(%%+##+ 5" "&'" '%()(*+7 $+5",+& (-%,(& (6+%( 0" #(& +)#-(/-+!"&

&+! ! !/#+ 5" 5"%"/6+ /+! /(%2/'"% $"/!-(%-+7 0" !" ( 5+& + ,2& $"%&+!(&7 "#

5"5+% 0" "&'2 +)#-(5+ ( !( $%"&'(/-:! ( (+% 5" #( +'%(7 "# (/%""5+%.

L(& +)#-(/-+!"&7 '-"!"! && "#","!'+&7 #+& /(#"& &+! "# &*"'+7 "# !/#+ = "# +)*"'+7

"&'(&7 &+! #(& $(%'"& 0" +%,(! #(& +)#-(/-+!"&7 5"&5" & $%-!/-$-+ 6(&'( & -!(#.

R"/+%5(!5+ 0" #(& +)#-(/-+!"& '-"!"! && /(%(/'"%"&7 #+& /(#"& &+!? #( +)#-(/-:! "&

! !/#+ 5" 5"%"/6+7 0" $+&"" !('%(#";( $"/!-(%-( = 0" &" %"(#-;( "!'%"

$"%&+!(&.

S"! & +)*"'+7 #(& +)#-(/-+!"& &" 5--5"! "! +)#-(/-+!"& 5" 5(%7 +)#-(/-+!"& 5"

6(/"% = +)#-(/-+!"& 5" !+ 6(/"%7 +)#-(/-+!"& $+&-'-(& = +)#-(/-+!"& !"('-(&7 5"%"'(5+ = 5" ,"5-+&7 +)#-(/-+!"& %"(#"& = +)#-(/-+!"& +%5-!(%-(&7 +)#-(/-+!"&

$('%-,+!-(#"& = ">'%( $('%-,+!-(#"&7 "!'%" +'%(& ,2&.

Y $+% #'-,+ &" '%(': "# '",( 5"# 2,)-'+ 5" #(& +)#-(/-+!"&7 0" &" %"#(/-+!( /+! #+&

5"%"/6+& $"%&+!(#"& = 5"%"/6+& $"/!-(%-+&.

E&'( " !( (/,#(/-:! 5" '+5+& #+& '",( 0" (0 &" +)&"%(%+!7 ( &()-"!5(& 0"

'+5+& &" (/+$(! 5" #(& %"#(/-+!"& *%5-/(&.


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BIBLIO%RAFIA

ROJINA VILLEGAS7 RAFAEL. COMPENDIO DE DERECHO CIVIL II BIENESDERECHOS REALES Y SUCESIONES7 MXICO7 8 .PORRUA

PAPAO RICARDO J. DERECHOS REALES 1 DERECHO CIVIL. MXICO 4.ASTREA

ROJINA VILLEGAS7 RAFAEL. COMPENDIO DE DERECHO CIVIL7 TEORA GENERALDE LAS OBLIGACIONES7 T III. MXICO7 199. PORRA

OLAVE IBARRA7 OLAF SERGIO. OBLIGACIONES Y CONTRATOS CIVILES. MXICO7198 BANCA Y COMERCIO


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