Top Banner
68

· PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'& o l

Mar 09, 2018

Download

Documents

phungtuong
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'& o l

������� ��� ���

����������������� �!��" "

#%$'& (*),+ ��- ���/. $0$012436587�9;:=<?>A@CBEDGF%H IJH K

Page 2:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

����������� ��������������������

� ����� �"!#�%$'&(�) �

* +�,-$'.!0/1,-$'�"2435.!#26+�798(!#��� *:-;=< >@?BADCFEHGJI=KLENMJOF?BP#CFQRM5A1;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; ::-;V: W�ENMJOF?BP#CFQ=XY?[Z\EHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A ;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d:-;Vd e9Q=A^?4GJEN?f]gW M5I=h0A^M5b ;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d

i jk&2')l�"!#�"35.9& � )nml!#oJ/p�%$f$4!#���8(!Dokqr!D7ls ,L35.@$'& � )t!0� ud-;=< vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]}GJI=yYM5EFQ=CF|LbSw^]~;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �d-;V: �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQR{N|DwLALyY?BAp�L?BEx��?fM5�tG5{N|DCFwLALyY?BA ;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �d-;Vd �gQ=EN?BP#CN?T��?fM5�tG5{H|DCFwLALy��L?BE�wLAD��?BP5GJALA#CN?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEU;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �d-; � �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQR{N|DwLALyY?BAp�L?BE�GJw^]FyY?ByzI=QR{N|^?BA^?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �

u �6797toJ8(��� ,-$4!#� 2f�\2f$4!0/1! �

� �go�8(�9o5� /p/�&(� )t24�l7toJo�!#��$'&o �l�

� �k!D��o�,L��$'�"7l� �L*

� � �(�!#o�!� ¡o5�%!0�@$'�"!Do5& � ) �-i

� ¢£��s¤!#�-,^� �@$4!�¥�,LoJ,^/1!D$4!Do �0u

¦  ¡s§B!D��$4�l797toJ8(��� ,-$4!#� �L�

�-¨�©k&ª@!DoJ!� ro5�"!#�@$'�"!Do5& � ) �-�<4«-;=< W(GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]NQR?BEFwLALy��L?BE�¬�M5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­�;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; <4�<4«-;V: �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI%°J±�wLIR?BE`²´³µQ=ALPY?BI¶;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; <'�<4«-;Vd ·gGJb¡Q=I=CNM5A-²¹¸�wtGJCN?BEFALQRM5A ;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; <4º

Q

Page 3:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

����������� �������������������� Q=Q

�l���¤&2��-$��D���%35. !�¥g,Lo�,^/�!Y$4!#o �-¦<z<z;=< ��M0�L?BI=I�L?BE¯Q=ALA^?BEN?BA! �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy ;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; <�"<z<z;V: ��M0�L?BI=I�L?BE¯EHG5�-Q GJIR?BA$#¤?BE�%4?BQR{N|LADwLALy�;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :z«<z<z;Vd ��M0�L?BI=I�L?BE¯CHGJALyY?BA#CFQ GJIR?BA$#¤?BE�%4?BQR{H|LADwLALy ;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :z«<z<z; � ��M0�L?BI=I�L?BE���? _aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A��L?BExv��L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY]'&)(5{N|^?n;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :z«<z<z;+* ��M0�L?BI=I�L?BE-,�A^?B�@?BAL|^?BQ=C��L?BExvx�L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY]�&)(5{N|^? ;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :z«<z<z;V� �EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR?f]�W(M5I=h0A^M5b AtG5{N|�±��LA^?BE�;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :z«<z<z; � �EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR?f]�W(M5I=h0A^M5b AtG5{N|!.gE�/LA ;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :-<<z<z;Vº .�vgW�²0��M0�L?BI=I ;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :-<<z<z;+" vxw^]NCFEHGJI=QR]`²0��M0�L?BI=I ;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :-<

�L*21£�"oJ!D��$4! qr!#7ts(,L3J.@$'&(�)p8 !#o3�^& ªl!#o�!0�~ ¡o5�%!0�@$'�"!Do5& � ) *ti

�-i!4�!#� ,^& �")t�l!#�%$ *l�<4d-;=< 5 ALA^?BEN?6.�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=C�;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :7*<4d-;V: 8xw:9Y?BEN?6.�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=C ;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :7*

�0u��67toJo�!0�",-$'�%7@�!0� * �

�L�£¥ToJ7t)lo�,^/p/1!0�"�<;T& � 8 ,^& 24)t,Ls ! *t�<�*-;=< =xM5A?>^yzwLEHGJCFQRM5A^]`²¹°JW¤ENMJO`?BP0C`² �UGJCN?BQ ;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :7"<�*-;V: W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA-² �UGJCN?BQ£;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dz«<�*-;Vd e\?4G5]FC`²¹�A@#wtGJEN?f]�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA-² �UGJCN?BQ�;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d-<<�*-; � =TGJb�?BEHG�² �UGJCN?BQ ;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dzd<�*-;+* ��Q=IR�L�L?B>^ALQ=CFQRM5A^]N�^GJCN?BQ ;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d7*<�*-;V� ��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA-² �UGJCN?BQn;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d7*<�*-; � �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`² �UGJCN?BQx;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dY�<�*-;Vº ��-O`?BP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA-² ��GJCN?BQ ;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d7"<�*-;+" C�M5ADCFENM5I®²¹�#wLKLK�M5EFC`² �UGJCN?BQS;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �D«<�*-;=<4« >lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`² �UGJCN?BQ ;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �^<<�*-;=<z< W Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE`² �UGJCN?BQ¯;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �Dd<�*-;=<4: eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE`² ��GJCN?BQµ;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �Dd<�*-;=<4d W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡bcGJw-_�EFw-_ ;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �z�<�*-;=<B� W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡bcGJw^]FyDGJ��? ;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �D*

�-� � � 2f$4,^���%,-$'�"7@� u@�<4�-;=< #¤?BE�%4?BQR{N|LALQR]N]NCFEFwLP#CFwLEg;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �D�

Page 4:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

����������� �������������������� Q=Q=Q

� � $4!#o�,-$'& o�ml!Do �Y!0�%35.(� �"2 u �

j qr!#�"2����"!#� u@¦

Page 5:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��� ������������ ��������������������

�^;=< ¬x?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY?T�L?BE =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA#CFEHGJA^]`_�M5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^?BA ;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; <4«

º-;=< �#CHGJCFw^]x�L?BEg�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA\; ;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; <B�

Q=X

Page 6:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� � � ��������� ��������������������

d-;=< vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]Nb�M#�L?BI=Ir;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �d-;V: vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]}GJI=yYM5EFQ=CF|LbSw^]~;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; *

<�*-;=< �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=� M5EFCN? �L?BExW�ENMJOF?BP#CN�^GJCN?BQx;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; :7"<�*-;V: W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA ;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dz«<�*-;Vd e\?4G5]FC`²¹�A@#wtGJEN?f]`² W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA ;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dz:<�*-; � �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE�e (JALyY?BA^?BQ=AL|^?BQ=CN?BA ;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dzd<�*-;+* �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE¯³µQ=ALPY?BIR?BQ=AL|^?BQ=CN?BA ;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dzd<�*-;V� ¬�GJ|Lb�?BALPzGJb�?BEHG�² W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dJ�<�*-; � C C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG�;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dJ�<�*-;Vº �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��L?BA�=TGJb�?BEHGJC�h#K ;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dJ�<�*-;+" ��Q=IR�L�L?B>^ALQ=CFQRM5A�;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d7*<�*-;=<4« �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��L?BA ��Q=IR�-C�h#K¶;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d7*<�*-;=<z< ��Q=IR�0²¹°JW�Q®­-?BI=PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA ;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dz�<�*-;=<4: 8xw:9Y?BEN?6 �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy ;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dzº<�*-;=<4d �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��-QR?TW�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy��L?BEx�gEN?B|LbcGJCFEFQ®­�;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; dzº<�*-;=<B� #¤M5E�%4?BQR{N|^?BApXYM5A =TGJb�?BEHGJPYM5A^]NCHGJADCN?6wLA^����Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA1��?BQ�W@v�Z�² � ( @#wLQ=X5GJIR?BA#CN?BES±�Q=A-²

°Jvxw^]NyDGJ�@?�;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d7"<�*-;=<�* ��-O`?BP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA ;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; d7"<�*-;=<4� C�M5ADCFENM5I®²¹�#wLKLK�M5EFC ;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �D«<�*-;=<'� �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��-QR? ��-OF?BP0CFKLwLALP#CFC�h#K ;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �D«<�*-;=<4º >lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �D:<�*-;=<�" �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BEgwLA^�£¬x?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY?T�L?BExW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�_ /LE��-QR?[>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²0��M#�L?BI=IR? ;T; �D:<�*-;V:z« W Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE ;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �Dd<�*-;V:-< eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE ;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �z�

<4�-;=< ·gGJwLKLCFXY?BE�%4?BQR{H|LALQR]`²¹�#CFEFwLP0CFwLE[;T;T;U;S;U;T;U;T;T;U;T;U;S;U;T;T;U;T;U;T;U;S;T;U;T;U;T;T;U;S;U;T; �D�

X

Page 7:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� �

� ���������� �����

�UG5]�W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡b � .�vgW����gQ=EFP0]-.�?BA^?BEHGJI\v�AtGJI=h#CFQR{4GJI9W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5ALQ=ALy���Q=b¡KLIR?Bb�?BA#CFQR?BEFC��^G5]�KL|^M5CNM5yzEHGJb¡b�?BCFEFQR]N{H|^?#¤?BE`_´GJ|LEN?BAn�L?BEg��IRM0{NPzGJw^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy£AtG5{N|1�L?BE�� /LA^�L?BI=b�?BCF|^M#�L?z;9�gQR?r� /LA^�L?BI=b�?BCF|^M#�L?rQR]FC�?BQ=A #¤?BE`_aGJ|LEN?BA!%fwLEyY?Bb�?BQ=A^]HGJb�?BA���?f]FCFQ=b¡b[wLALy��L?BE�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEx�L?BE (Jw:9Y?BEN?BA2 �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy�wLA^�k�L?BE- ��-OF?BP0CFKLwLALP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA\;�UG5] #¤?BE`_´GJ|LEN?BA£�¯Q=EN� GJw^{H| � /LA^�L?BI=�LIRM#{HP5GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALy�M0�L?BE�P /LE�%4?BE�� /LA^�L?BI GJw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALykyY?BAtGJALADC4;�gQR?!.gEFwLA^�-I GJyY?BA��L?f] #¤?BE`_aGJ|LEN?BA^]�]FQ=A^� Q=A X#QR?BIR?BA ��M5A^M5yzEHGJKL|LQR?BA�wLA^� e?B|LEF�:/^{N|^?BEFA���?f]N{N|LEFQR?B��?BA\; =�EHGJw^]�`<�"7"J������=�EHGJw^]��`<�"7"z���rwLA^� ��Q=P0|tGJQ=I¯w\; G-;��a:z«z«-<��r��?B|tGJA^�L?BI=A GJI=IR?���?f]N?BADCFI=QR{H|^?BA~��?BEN?BQR{H|^? �L?BE�b�M0�L?BEFA^?BAW�|^M5CNM5yzEHGJb¡b�?BCFEFQR?z; v�CFP#Q=A^]HM5A��a:z«z«-<���wLA^�ne9wL|LbcGJALA��a:z«z«z«���PYM5A:%4?BADCFEFQR?BEN?BAp]NQR{N|�GJw-_¯�-QR?��gGJ|#�@?BEN?BQR{H|^]FKL|^MJ²CNM5yzEHGJb¡b�?BCFEFQR? wLA^� ��G5{H|LQ=A^? #�QR]NQRM5A\;�Z\EFQ=yzyY]�w\;¤G-;��a:z«z«z«��r�@?B|tGJA^�L?BI=Cc�-QR?�� /LA^�L?BI GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALy GJw^]c�#QR{N|#C�L?BE6C�M5b¡KLwLCN?BE6#gQR]FQRM5A\; #gQR?BIR?�v�]NK@?BP0CN?r� ?BEN�L?BA �^GJ�@?BQ ?BEF� (J|LADC��(w\;VG-;\v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]FEN?f{H|LADwLALy��¤W�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQ®²]FQR?BEFwLALy��(��?B|tGJA^�-I=wLALy�yzENM 9Y?BE ��GJCFEFQ %4?BA wLA^� �g?BC�%4�L?f]FQ=yzA\;(vxw:9Y?BEN�L?Bb ��?BEN�L?BA�GJw^{H|��-QR?3#¤?BEF�LQ=A^�-wLALyY?BA %fw �ALI=Q=A^? ² #¤?BE`_´GJ|LEN?BA wLA^�£��Q=IR�?%fw^M5EN�-A#wLALy6|^?BEFyY?f]FCN?BI=I=C4;�UGJE�/L��?BEc|LQ=AtGJw^]kyzQ=�LCk?f]k?BQ=A^?�yzENM 9Y?�v�A:%'GJ|LI�XYM5A v�w-_�] (JC�%4?BAµQ=A >@?BQ=CN]H{N|LEFQ®_�CN?BAµwLA^�µW�ENM0{f?f?f�-Q=ALyY]�!���ENM4�¯A�`<�"Y�5�����).�EHGJA^]F|tGf�"�`<�"zºz«����.gE�/LA#�`<�"zºz����wLA^��C�M0M5K�?BE�wLA^�$C ENMz]N]$�`<�"zºzº�� ;

<

Page 8:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

� �p� ��� � �p��n��� �� � � �����

v�IR]�bcGJCF|^?BbcGJCFQR]N{H|^? .gEFwLA^�-I GJyY?��L?BE�� /LA^�L?BI GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy��¯Q=EN� b�?BQR]NC6�-QR?������� ���� �� ���������������¶XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC4;�UGJA^?B��?BA[��?BEN�L?BA¡GJw^{H| �-QR?��� ������������! "�$#% ���'&)(*�� ,+-�������� wLA^� �-QR?�?BQ=A-_aG5{H|^?BEN?/.102��� ���'&)(*�� ,+-�������� XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC4;

354�6 7981:<;�=?>A@�BC=EDGF%8IHJ;�KLDA:

��?BE >lw^]HGJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy %f�¯QR]N{H|^?BAc�L?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAc�L?f]� ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP#CN?f]�W1wLA^�6=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA6�L?f](��Q=IR�-KLwLALP0CN?f]WAM-�¯Q=EN��GJI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A��-wLEN{N|�?BQ=A^?�E (JwLb¡I=QR{N|^?68x|LALI=QR{H|LPY?BQ=CN]FCFEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC�!

~X = ~Xo + λR~p�a:-;=<��

��M5�@?BQ~X = (X,Y,Z)

=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?f]� ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP#CN?f]�W �~Xo = (Xo, Yo, Zo)

Z\EHGJA^]FI GJCFQRM5A^]NXY?BP#CNM5Egb¡Q=C��L?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?f]�W�ENMJOF?BP#CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEFwLb�] �

�G 9Y]NCHGJ�^]`_aGJP0CNM5E��

R =

r11 r12 r13

r21 r22 r23

r31 r32 r33

E (JwLb¡I=QR{N|^?[¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­

~p = (x, y, z)=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?f]���Q=IR�-KLwLALP#CN?f]�WAM �#EN?f�-w:%fQR?BEFCN?���Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��@?�%4MJ²yY?BA�GJw-_��^G5]�W�ENMJOF?BP#CFQRM5A^] %4?BADCFEFwLb£;

�gQR?U]FQR{H| �^GJEHGJw^]x?BEFyY?B��?BA^�L? =�M5I=I=Q=A^?4GJEFQ=C (JCN]F�@?f�-Q=ALyzwLALyON ��-OF?BP0CFKLwLALP#CxW �^��Q=IR�-KLwLALP0CxWAMLwLA^�£W¤ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]`²%4?BA#CFEFwLb µI=QR?ByY?BA�GJw-_\?BQ=A^?BE .�?BEHG5�L?BA-N �LQ=IR�L?BC��^G5]¤_�wLALP#CFQRM5AtGJIR?���M0�L?BI=IL_ /LE �-QR?�v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALy^;-�UG5]���M#�L?BI=I��?f]N{N|LEN?BQ=�LCT�L?BAp>lw^]}GJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy2%f�¯QR]N{N|^?BA1�L?BAnEN?f�-w:%fQR?BEFCN?BAp� Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA

x�y�zwLA^�n�L?BA ��-OF?BP0CFPYMJ²

M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAX�Y�Z;L��?BE�bcGJCF|^?BbcGJCFQR]H{N|^?¡>lw^]HGJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy6�¯Q=EN� �-wLEN{N|£_aM5I=yY?BA^�L? =�M5I=I=Q=A^?4GJEFQ (JCN]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA

_aM5EFbSwLI=QR?BEFC�!

x = zr11∆X + r21∆Y + r31∆Z

r13∆X + r23∆Y + r33∆Z+ ∆x

y = zr12∆X + r22∆Y + r32∆Z

r13∆X + r23∆Y + r33∆Z+ ∆y

�a:-;V:��

b¡Q=C��L?BA�=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^�-QQP9?BEN?BA:%4?BA∆X = X − Xo

∆Y = Y − Yo

∆Z = Z − Zo.

:

Page 9:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ����������� � ������$� ���� ����� ���� ����<� d

wLA^���L?BA ±¤Q=A?&^w^]N]x�L?BEg>lw^]}GJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE∆x,∆y

;�gQR?�A^?BwLA�±�IR?Bb�?BADCN?��L?BE¤¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­

R?BA#CF|tGJI=CN?BA6�-QR?¯¬xQR{N|DCFwLALyY]H{fMz]FQ=ADw^]`²´³1?BEFCN?z;#�gQR?¯¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­

QR]FC�?BQ=A^?�M5EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR? ��GJCFEFQ®­ �#�9; |\;A%f�¯QR]N{H|^?BA��L?BA6A^?BwLA�±�IR?Bb�?BA#CN?BA£�@?f]NCN?B|^?BAk]N?f{H|^]���?�%fQR?B|#wLALyY?BA � �EFCF|^M5yYMJ²AtGJI=Q=C (JCN]F��?f�-Q=ALyzwLALyY?BA � ;��?BQR]NCN?BA^]x��?BEN�L?BA��-QR?[±�IR?Bb�?BADCN? XYM5A

RALQR{H|DC�]N?BI=�^]FC��@?f]FCFQ=b¡b[Cg]HM5A^�L?BEFA���?f]NM5A^�L?BEN?

.gEFwLKLK�?BA�XYM5A W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFAai!

R = R(a1, a2, a3[, · · · a9]),�-QR?¯GJIR]�¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]NKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��?BALyzI´;5ENM5CHGJCFQRM5A¡KtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEN] �(��?�%4?BQR{N|LA^?BC � ?BEN�L?BA\;Y�gQR?�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFyzEFwLKLK�?BA�M#�L?BE¬�M5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE¯wLADCN?BEN]N{H|^?BQR�L?BA£]FQR{N|��-wLEN{H|6_aM5I=yY?BA^�L?�±�Q=yY?BA^]N{H|tG�_"CN?BA !LW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEHGJA:%'GJ|LI �t�^G5]�v�w-_"CFEN?BCN?BAXYM5A¡�#Q=ALyzwLI GJEFQ=C (JCN?BA �z±�Q=A^�L?BwLCFQ=yzPY?BQ=C��5yY?fM5b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|^? 5�ADCN?BEFKLEN?BCHGJCFQRM5ArwLA^� ¬x?f{H|^?BAtGJw-_"��GJA^� ��]FQR?B|^? v��^]N{N|\;0<4«-;=<�� ;�gQR?�Z?BEFb�?

∆x,∆y?BEF��?BQ=CN?BEFA��^G5]k?BQ=A-_´G5{N|^? %4?BA#CFEHGJI=KLENMJO`?BP0CFQ=XY? ��M#�L?BI=IgwLb %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?nW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE4;��gQR?

%fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{H|^?BA W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�PYM5b¡K@?BA^]NQR?BEN?BA£]Fh0]NCN?BbcGJCFQR]N{N|^?��^?B|LIR?BE¯Q=b ��Q=IR�-EHGJwLb wLA^��?BEFI GJwL��?BA GJw^{N|£?BQ=A^? =TGJI=Q®²�LEFQR?BEFwLALyc�L?BE�=TGJb�?BEHG ��]FQR?B|^?Tv��^]N{N|\;<z<��g;

354�3 � =?D F%8IHJ;�K��A8�� =E>A:����*DA=�� > ;EKLDA:

�gQR? KLENMJO`?BP0CFQ=XY?rZ\EHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A1QR]FCU?BQ=A^? #¤?BEHGJI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?BEFwLALy��L?BET>@?BA#CFEHGJI=KLENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A\;�UG5]Uv��L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY]Fb�MJ²�L?BI=I¤QR]NC[GJw^{N|�GJIR]����! L����� �O� �)E�L�� ���#% ���'&)(*�� ,+-�������� ����e0Z�� � � =TGJEHGJEHG � <�"zºz«���wLA^��� =�EHGJw^]�� <�"7"z��� ����?BPzGJALADC4;��?BQ��L?BEgKLENMJOF?BP0CFQ=XY? ZEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A1�¯Q=EN��?BQ=A��-Q=EN?BP0CN?BE�I=Q=A^?4GJEN?BE[>lw^]HGJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy2%f�¯QR]N{H|^?BA1��Q=IR�0²�wLA^� ��-²OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA£|^?BEFyY?f]FCN?BI=I=C�!

x =L1X + L2Y + L3Z + L4

L9X + L10Y + L11Z + 1+ ∆x

y =L5X + L6Y + L7Z + L8

L9X + L10Y + L11Z + 1+ ∆y

�a:-;Vd��

��M5�@?BQx, y

�"ALQR{H|DC�EN?f�-w:%fQR?BEFCN?��¯��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAL1, L2, . . . , L11

Z\EHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE4;

354�� KL:C81>/=E8!�"� DA@�# :CD$�

��/LE�|^M#{H|tGJw?& �z]N?BA^�L?6�-GJCN?BI=I=Q=CN?BA#�LQ=IR�L?BES� ?BEN�L?BA =TGJb�?BEHG5]Ub¡Q=CU�@?f]HM5A^�L?BEN]�I GJALyY?BET� EN?BALA#� ?BQ=CN?cwLA^�n]N?B|LE�P#IR?BQ®²A^?BA&% P�ADwLALyY]N�¯Q=ALPY?BI(XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC4;���G5�-wLEN{H|�]NQ=A^�£�-QR?S��Q=IR�L]FCFEHGJ|LIR?BA _aG5]FCxKtGJEHGJI=IR?BI wLA^��?f]x?BADCN]NCN?B|DC�?BQ=A^?[G('�A^?v��L�LQ=IR�-wLALy��L�-QR?��-wLEN{N|£?BQ=A^?-��02E�O#' ���'&!(�� �+-����������:%f�T;L?BQ=A � �!E���� ���&*)/���,+����+ ��?f]N{H|LEFQR?B�@?BA�� ?BEN�L?BA P5GJALA !

x = a0 + a1X + a2Y + a3Z + ∆x

y = b0 + b1X + b2Y + b3Z + ∆y

�a:-; ���

��M5�@?BQa0

�a1

�a2

�a3

�b0

�b1

�b2

�b3

Z\EHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE4;

�UG5]x_"wLALP0CFQRM5AtGJIR? ��M0�L?BI=I(Q=A��a:-;V:���� �a:-;Vd��xwLA^� �a:-; ���x]H?BC�%fC�XYM5EHGJw^]����^G5]N]�]FQR{H|n�-QR?SXY?BEF��?BA^�L?BCN?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAGJw-_9?BQ=A¡P5GJEFCN?f]NQR]N{N|^?f] =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh0]NCN?Bb ��]FQR?B|^?xGJw^{H|cvx�^]H{N|\;z��� ��?�%fQR?B|^?BA\;Y�gQR?f]N? #¤M5EHGJw^]N]N?BC�%fwLALy[QR]FC¤]NM'� M5|LI��?BQ(�L?BAn��Q=IR�0²¯wLA^� ��-O`?BP0CFPYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAnALQR{H|DCTQ=b¡b�?BE�|LQ=ALEN?BQR{H|^?BA^�nyY?BAtGJwn?BE`_ /LI=I=C4;9�gwLEN{N|�yY?f?BQ=yzA^?BCN?�:Y°5d�² ��²ZEHGJA^]`_�M5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^?BA�]FQ=A^�~�-QR?!=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA ?BXY?BA#CFw^?BI=ITXYM5EF|^?BE£Q=A�?BQ=A~PzGJEFCN?f]FQR]N{H|^?f]2=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb %fwCFEHGJA^]`_aM5EFb¡QR?BEN?BA\;��gQR?f]N?6ZEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^?BA ]FQ=A^�pALQR{N|DC¡Z ?BQ=I��-QR?f]N?BE¡�0MJ_�C ��GJEN?z;!��/LE �-QR?�Z\EHGJA^]F_�M5EFbcGJCFQRM5A �L?BE ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA ]FCN?B|#Cx�-QR?.- ���/� ����10�21��+<�43 � � ������.5I�76, ��� 8+�� . C�e ���@?BEN?BQ=C4;

Page 10:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

� �� ����������� ����� ��� � � ����1������� ���

� ��� � ������� ���������

� 4�6 ��� ���A@L81K����C: � ��>A@�ADA=EK�;�������

�gQR?1v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALyµ?BE`_aM5I=yzC AtG5{H| XY?BEFb¡Q=CFCN?BI=A^�L?BA���?fM5�tG5{N|#CFwLALyY?BA � .TGJw:95²0��GJEFPYM'XD²0��M#�L?BI=I � ;��UG5] v�w^]FyzIR?BQ®²{H|DwLALyY]Fb�M0�L?BI=IwLA^�£�-QR?U¬�?f{N|^?BA-_aM5EFb�?BI=A�]FQ=A^�£Q=A£Z GJ��?BI=IR?[d-;=<�wLA^� d-;V: %fw^]}GJb¡b�?BALyY?f]FCN?BI=I=C��W(?BI %4?BE��<�"zº7*�� ;

L = L + v = ϕ(X)_�wLALP#CFQRM5AtGJIR?f]���M0�L?BI=I

l = l + v = AxI=Q=A^?4GJEFQR]FQR?BEFCN?f]x_"wLALP0CFQRM5AtGJIR?f] ��M0�L?BI=I

Σll = σ20 Qll

]FCNM0{N|tG5]NCFQR]N{N|^?f]���M0�L?BI=I��M5�@?BQl = L− L0 = L− ϕ(X0)

yY?BPA/LE�%fCN?BE���?fM5�tG5{N|#CFwLALyY]FXY?BP#CNM5E

A =

(

∂ϕ(X)∂X

)

0

��?f]FQ=yzALbcGJCFEFQ®­

Z GJ��?BI=IR?Sd-;=< !^v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]Fb�M0�L?BI=I

Page 11:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ������� � ������ �<��������� ��� �����$� � � �����<�� ������ �*�� � ��� �� ��� ��� *

P = Q−1

ll = (1/σ20 Σll)

−1.�?B�¯QR{H|DCN]FbcGJCFEFQ®­

N = ATPA�gM5EFbcGJI=yzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]NbcGJCFEFQ®­

n = ATPlv��^]NM5I=wLCFyzI=QR?f�

Nx = ne �z]FwLALyk�L?f]���M5EFbcGJI=yzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]N]Nh0]FCN?Bb�]

X = X0 + xyY?f]N{H| (JC�%fCN? �aGJw^]FyY?ByzI=QR{H|^?BA^?���W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

f = n − uvxA:%'GJ|LI�L?BE*�LEN?BQ=|^?BQ=CN]FyzEHG5�L? ��¬�?f�-wLA^�^GJA:% �

vTPv = lTPl− nT xyY?B�¯QR{N|#CN?BCN?r¸�wtG5�-EHGJCN]NwLb¡b�?[�L?BE #¤?BEF��?f]N]N?BEFwLALyY?BA

σ20 = vT Pv/f

GrK�Mz]FCN?BEFQRM5EFQ<# GJEFQ GJA:%S�L?BE�.U?B�¯QR{N|DCN]H?BQ=AL|^?BQ=C

v = ϕ(X) − L#¤?BEF�@?f]H]N?BEFwLALyY?BA

Qxx = N−15�ADXY?BEN]FQRM5A

Σxx = σ20 Qxx

=�M4XzGJEFQ GJA:%fbcGJCFEFQ®­��L?BE�GJw^]FyY?ByzI=QR{H|^?BA^?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEZ GJ��?BI=IR?[d-;V: !^v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]HGJI=yYM5EFQ=CF|Lb[w^]

�UG �^G5]�XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BCN?�_�wLALP0CFQRM5AtGJIR? ��M0�L?BI=I9Q=A �a:-;V:�� ALQR{N|DCxI=Q=A^?4GJE¯QR]FC��0�¯Q=EN���^G5] ��M0�L?BI=I9�-wLEN{N| ?BQ=A^?U¬�?BQ=|^?BA^?BADC`²�¯QR{HP#I=wLALy�AtG5{H|�Z(Gfh0IRM5E�I=Q=A^?4GJEFQR]FQR?BEFC4;�gQR?f]N? 5�b¡KLIR?Bb�?BADCHGJCFQRM5AkXY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC��L?BA�PYM5ADXY?BA#CFQRM5A^?BI=IR?BAkv�A^]HGJC�%Y;Y�UGJEFQ=Ac?BEN]N{H|^?BQ=A^?BA6�-QR?¯��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAkGJIR]��?fM5�tG5{N|#CFwLALyY?BA

L�#wLA^���-QR? =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �L?BE� ��-OF?BP0CFKLwLALP#CN? �L�-QR?UW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEx�L?BE (Jw:9Y?BEN?BA$ �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY?BA

wLA^�k�-QR? %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?BA�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BExGJIR]�wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEX;#³1?BEN�L?BA�P#IR?BQ=A^?�#¤?BEF�@?f]H]N?BEFwLALyY?BA

vGJA��L?BA

CHGJCN] (5{H|LI=QR{N|��@?fM5�tG5{H|DCN?BCN?BA���Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA %fwLyY?BI G5]N]N?BA�_ /L|LEFCx�-QR?f]N?f] %fw �L?BA %�10�� ��� �!E���� L�,!#¤?BEF��?f]N]N?BEFwLALyY]`²yzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA !

L = L + v = ϕ(X).�ad-;=<��

�gQR?Ue9Q=A^?4GJEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALyk?BEFyzQ=�LC��^GJALA£�-QR? � �!E���� ,� &,��� ,� �, #¤?BEF��?f]N]N?BEFwLALyY]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA

v = Apxp + Atxt + Aaxa − l; P�ad-;V:��

b¡Q=Cv

#¤?BEF�@?f]N]H?BEFwLALyY?BA �L?BEx��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAAp,At,Aa

��?f]FQ=yzALbcGJCFEFQ %4?BA��L?BE�wLAD��?BP5GJALA#CN?BAnW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�!< ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�� 5�A^�L? ­p��� �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE � 5�A^�L? ­

t��wLA^�$%fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?BA1W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA�� 5 A-²

�L? ­a�

xp�xt�xa

>lw^]N{N|LI (JyY? %fw �L?BA£wLAD��?BPzGJALADCN?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFAl

yY?BP /LE�%fCN?BEx��?fM5�tG5{H|DCFwLALyY]FXY?BP0CNM5Eg�L?BE�� Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAP

.�?B�¯QR{N|#CN]FbcGJCFEFQ®­ �L?BEx��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA\;³1?ByY?BA1�L?BETe9Q=A^?4GJEFQR]NQR?BEFwLALy � ?BEN�L?BA�ADwLE >lw^]N{H|LI (JyY?

x%fw1�L?BAnyY?BA (J|^?BEFCN?BA1wLAD��?BPzGJALADCN?BApW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA�� � (�²

|^?BEFwLALyY]F��?BEFCN?��Xo

�@?BEN?f{H|LA^?BC4;^�gQR?UyY?f]Fw^{H|DCN?BA wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�?BEFyY?B��?BA ]FQR{N|�]N{N|LI=QR?�9zI=QR{H| b¡Q=C

X = Xo + x.�ad-;Vd��

,�A^���L?BE�yY?BPA/LE�%fCN?T��?fM5�tG5{N|DCFwLALyY]NXY?BP#CNM5E�?BEFyzQ=�LCx]FQR{H|�GJw^]��L?BExe9Q=A^?4GJEFQR]NQR?BEFwLALy�!

l = L− Lo = L− ϕ(Xo).�ad-; ���

Page 12:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ������� � ������ �<��������� ��� �����$� � � �����<�� ������ �*�� � ��� �� ��� ��� �

��M5�@?BQL = [x1, y1, . . .]

T ��?fM5�tG5{H|DCFwLALyY]FXY?BP0CNM5E�b¡Q=C��L?BA£�@?fM5�tG5{H|DCN?BCN?BA�� Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BALo = [x1o, y1o, . . .]

T yY?BA (J|^?BEFCN?BEg��?fM5�tG5{N|DCFwLALyY]NXY?BP#CNM5Egb¡Q=Cx�L?BA£yY?BA (J|^?BEFCN?BA�� Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAXo

yY?BA (J|^?BEFCN?[W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE4;�UGr�L?BE¯I=Q=A^?4GJEFQR]FQR?BEFCN?r>lw^]HGJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy6�L?BA£CHGJCN] (5{N|LI=QR{N|^?BA�bcGJCF|^?BbcGJCFQR]N{N|^?¡>lw^]HGJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy6ADwLE�wLA#XYM5I=IR]FC (JA-²�-Q=yk�@?f]H{N|LEN?BQ=�LC��@bSw^]N]��L?BE�vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]}GJI=yYM5EFQ=CF|LbSw^]TQ=CN?BEHGJCFQ=X�GJALyY?B� ?BA^�L?BCU��?BEN�L?BA\;�5�b�A^?Bw^?BA 5�CN?BEHGJCFQRM5A^]`²]N{H|LEFQ=CFC�� ?BEN�L?BA��-QR?�yY?f]N{N| (JC�%fCN?BA�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEUGJIR]¯A^?Bw^?UXY?BEF��?f]N]N?BEFCN?$��(J|^?BEFwLALyY]F��?BEFCN?TXY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC�!

Xo := X.�ad-;+*��

�gQR?25�CN?BEHGJCFQRM5A �¯Q=EN�µGJ�LyY?B�LENM#{H|^?BA � ?BALA �-QR?�>lw^]N{H|LI (JyY?£_ /LEc�-QR?£wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?BA~W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�P#IR?BQ=A^?BE�GJIR]6�-QR?=�M5ADXY?BEFyY?BA:%fP0EFQ=CN?BEFQR?BA�]NQ=A^��M#�L?BE�?BQ=A^?UbcG�­-Q=bcGJIR?Tv�A:%'GJ|LI\XYM5A�5�CN?BEHGJCFQRM5A^]N{N|LEFQ=CFCN?BA�?BEFEN?BQR{N|#CxQR]FC4;v�IR] =xM5A#XY?BEFyY?BA:%fP#EFQ=CN?BEFQR?BA >^A^�L?BA�#¤?BEF��?BA^�-wLALy�!<z; ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA � 5�A^�L? ­

p�

xp < xp,lim:-; =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?f]�W�ENMJOF?BP#CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEFwLb�]�s�

xs < xs,limd-;��gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI�M#�L?BE��-QR?S?BADCN]FKLEN?f{H|^?BA^�L?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��?BQ\?BQ=A^?BE�GJA^�L?BEN?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy��L?BEx¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­#�

r�

xr < xr,lim5�A��L?BE�¬x?ByY?BI(]NM5I=I=CN?BA��-QR?6=xM5A#XY?BEFyY?BA:%fP#EFQ=CN?BEFQR?BA�Q=A�bcG�­-Q=bcGJI�<4« 5�CN?BEHGJCFQRM5A^]N]N{N|LEFQ=CFCN?BAn?BEFEN?BQR{H|DCT]N?BQ=A\;l±�Q=AnZ?f]FCGJw-_��gQ=XY?BEFyY?BA:% >^A^�L?BC �"�LQR]F|^?BE ��ALQR{H|DCg]FCHGJCFC4;

� 4�3 �J;�>A:��$>/=��C>���� 81K����$: �A81:��$8I= 81D�� > ��<;��C: �A81:

��?BA£��?fM5�tG5{N|#CN?BCN?BA���Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BALi

�¯Q=EN��?BQ=A^? �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyσi

%fwLyY?fM5EN�-A^?BC4;@�gQR?[�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�-²��?BQR{N|DwLALyY?BA��:%f�T;:# GJEFQ GJA:%4?BA

σ2i

]FQ=A^��Q=A£�L?BE =xM'X5GJEFQ GJA:%fbcGJCFEFQ®­Σll

%fw^]}GJb¡b�?BALyY? _aG5]N]NC4;±¤]��¯Q=EN�pGJALyY?BA^M5b¡b�?BA N �¯QR?�GJI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A /L�LI=QR{N| N �9�^G5]N]U�-QR?¡��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BApXYM5A^?BQ=AtGJA^�L?BES]FCNM0{N|tG5]FCFQR]H{N|wLAtGJ�L| (JALyzQ=yc]NQ=A^�9;L��QR? =�M4XzGJEFQ GJA:%fbcGJCFEFQ®­

Σll�-�-QR? =�MJ_aGJP0CNM5EFbcGJCFEFQ®­

QllwLA^���-QR? .�?B�¯QR{N|#CN]FbcGJCFEFQ®­

PXY?BEN?BQ=A-²

_´G5{N|^?BA£]FQR{H|£�^G5�-wLEN{N|$%fw£��Q GJyYM5AtGJI=bcGJCFEFQ %4?BA\;l�UGJb¡Q=Cx]FQ=A^���-QR? .�?B�¯QR{H|DCN?piwLb¡yY?BPY?B|LEFC�KLENM5K�M5EFCFQRM5AtGJI %fw£�L?BA

¸�wtG5�-EHGJCN?BA �L?BE��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA1�:%f�T; # GJEFQ GJA:%4?BAσ2

i

!pi

p0

=σ2

0

σ2i

.

��?BQt?BQ=A^?BE5� �� ����� ,� yY?ByY?B��?BA^?g�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{H|DwLALy6�L?BE .�?B�¯QR{N|#CN]N?BQ=AL|^?BQ=Cσ0

b¡Q=C��L?Bb %fwLyY?B| �5EFQ=yY?BA2.�?B�¯QR{N|#Cp0 = 1

���^GJ|^?BEg�L?BE��gGJb�?���?BEFyY?B��?BA ]FQR{H| �^GJALA �-QR?T?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?BA .�?B�¯QR{N|#CN?pi%fw

pi =σ2

0

σ2i

.�ad-;V���

� 4�� � K�=?8IHJ;�8� 81D��C> ��<;��C: � �$8I= �$:��O8IH >A:C: ;E81: � >/=?>$� 8�;�8I=

v�w^] .gE�/LA^�L?BA��L?BE �(IR? ­-Q=�LQ=I=Q=C (JCxwLA^�£GJI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?BA�vxA#� ?BA^�-�tGJEFPY?BQ=Cg� ?BEN�L?BA�yzEFwLA^�L] (JC�%fI=QR{N|�GJI=IR? wLAD��?BP5GJALA#CN?BAW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

Xi%fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N| GJIR]��-Q=EN?BP0CN?���?fM5�tG5{N|#CFwLALyY?BA ?BQ=ALyY? _ /L|LEFC�wLA^�k?B��?BA-_aGJI=IR]�?BQ=A^?U�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALy

σi%fwLyY?fM5EN�-A^?BC ��]FCNM#{H|tG5]FCFQR]N{H|^?3.�?B�¯QR{N|#CFwLALy�� ;\�UGJb¡Q=Cg?BEFyY?B��?BAn]FQR{N| %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{H| %fwLE .gIR?BQR{H|DwLALy#�ad-;V:����-QR?S_�M5I®²

yY?BA^�L?BA2#¤?BEF��?f]N]N?BEFwLALyY]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY?BA !

vp

vt

va

=

I 0 0

0 I 0

0 0 I

xp

xt

xa

lp

lt

la

;

Pp 0 0

0 Pt 0

0 0 Pa

�ad-; � �

Page 13:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ������� � ������ �<��������� ��� �����$� � � �����<�� ������ �*�� � ��� �� ��� ��� �

b¡Q=Cvp,vt,va

#¤?BEF�@?f]H]N?BEFwLALyY?BA��L?BEgwLAD��?BP5GJALA#CN?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�! ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�� 5�A^�L? ­p���� �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�� 5�A^�L? ­

t�@wLA^� %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?BArW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA � 5�A^�L? ­

a�

lp, lt, layY?BP /LE�%fCN?BE���?fM5�tG5{H|DCFwLALyY]FXY?BP0CNM5E��L?BE�wLAD��?BP5GJALA#CN?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

Pp,Pt,Pa.�?B�¯QR{N|#CN]FbcGJCFEFQ®­ �L?BE�wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?BA�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

I±�Q=AL|^?BQ=CN]FbcGJCFEFQ®­9;

��?BEx�#CHGJCFw^]¯?BQ=A^?f]�wLAD��?BP5GJALA#CN?BA W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEN]��^M5��wLAD��?BP5GJALA#C��-�@?fM5�tG5{H|DCN?BCxM0�L?BE¯?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFC}°'_�?f]NC��-P5GJALA��^GJb¡Q=C?BQ=A-_´G5{N|2/L��?BE��-QR? %fwLyY?B| �5EFQ=yY?r�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALy£�:%f�T;t�^G5]�.�?B�¯QR{N|#CxyY?f]FCN?Bw^?BEFCx� ?BEN�L?BA\;5�ALA^?BEF|tGJI=� �L?f]�v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALyY]HGJI=yYM5EFQ=CF|LbSw^]U?BE`_aM5I=yzC¯PY?BQ=A^? ,�ADCN?BEN]N{H|^?BQR�-wLALyk�L?BE�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�?BADCN]FKLEN?f{H|^?BA^� Q=|-²EN?BE �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALy^;^±�Q=A^?-=�I G5]H]FQ > %fQR?BEFwLALy ��]FCHGJCN?��(Q=A6?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFCN?'°'_�?f]FCFyY?B|tGJI=CN?BA^? ������� b¡Q=AtGJCN?f�t°�>L­L?f� �����?fM5�tG5{N|#CN?BCN? ������?BEFXY?f� � wLA^�kwLAD��?BPzGJALADCN? � �����[A^M4�¯A � W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEx�¯Q=EN�6A#wLE _ /LE��-QR?�vxw^]NyDGJ�@?�XYM5EFyY?BA^M5br²b�?BA\; ��QR?f]H?cQR]FCrGJ�L| (JALyzQ=y�XYM5Ap�L?BA .gEN?BA:%f� ?BEFCN?BA

σminwLA^�

σmax�(�-QR?�Q=A �L?BE[e\?4G5]NC`²¹�A@DwtGJEN?f]¡W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²

°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA^�^GJCN?BQ yY?f]N?BC�%fC�� ?BEN�L?BA\;

� 4�� �J;�>A:��$>/=��C>���� 81K����$: �A81:��$8I=�> � ���A8 �A@LK ��C81:C81: � >A=E>$� 8�;E8I=

�gQR?S�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA��L?BE�GJw^]FyY?ByzI=QR{H|^?BA^?BAl°�yY?f]N{N| (JC�%fCN?BA1W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�?BEFyzQ=�LCx]NQR{N|£AtG5{H|

σi = σ0

√qii.

�ad-;Vº���UGJ��?BQ QR]FC

σ0

�-QR?¡G6K@Mz]FCN?BEFQRM5EFQ �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyn�L?BE .U?B�¯QR{N|DCN]N|^?BQ=CTwLA^�qii

�-QR?r��Q GJyYM5AtGJIR?BIR?Bb�?BA#CN?c�L?BE=�MJ_aGJP0CNM5EFbcGJCFEFQ®­

Qxx� =�MJ_aGJP0CNM5EN?BA � ;

Page 14:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

� � � � ������� �������� ��� � �

³µQR?c��?BEN?BQ=CN]r?BEF� (J|LA#C���yzQ=I=C¡�^G5]S_�wLALP0CFQRM5AtGJIR? ��M0�L?BI=I �a:-;V:��[]FCFEN?BALyzyY?BA^M5b¡b�?BA A#wLE _ /LE P5GJEFCN?f]NQR]N{N|^? =xM0M5EN�-Q®²AtGJCN?BA��'; ��?BQ ��GJ|D��?BEN?BQR{N|^]HGJA#� ?BA^�-wLALyY?BA¶QR]NC6�-QR?f]N?$#¤M5EHGJw^]N]N?BC�%fwLALy Q=A �L?BE�¬x?ByY?BI�yY?ByY?B�@?BA\; ��?BQR]FCN?BA^]6� ?BE`²�L?BA~�^G %fw~KLENMJOF?BP#CF��?�%4M5yY?BA^?nIRM5PzGJIR?���?�%fwLyY]N]Nh0]FCN?Bb��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC4;-5�A~�L?BE£v¯?BENM5CFEFQ GJALyzwLI GJCFQRM5A�_ /LE�e9w-_"CHGJw-_�AtGJ|-²b�?BA£wLA^�£�@?BQ\�L?BE� �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy6XYM5A��-GJCN?BI=I=Q=CN?BAtGJw-_"AtGJ|Lb�?BA�I=QR?ByY?BA �-QR?TW�G5]N]FKLwLALP0CN?Tb�?BQR]NC�Q=A£?BQ=A^?Bb ��?�%fwLyY]`²° =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb �L?BE�eGJA^�L?f]FXY?BEFb�?f]N]FwLALy XYM5E���Q=A �L?Bb GJw^{H| �-QR?�]FK (JCN?BEN? vxw^]F��?BEFCFwLALyp?BE`_aM5I=yY?BA ]NM5I=I´;·�QR?BEF�@?BQQR]FC-%fw ��?4G5{N|#CN?BA ���^G5]N]x�-QR?[¬x? _a?BEN?BA:%4]Fh0]NCN?Bb�?�_ /LEg�-QR?SeGJyY?SwLA^� �-QR?[· �5|^?SwLADCN?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�-I=QR{N|1�L?B>^ALQR?BEFC]FQ=A^�9;4³ (J|LEN?BA^� ]FQR{N| �-QR?�%f��?BQR�-Q=b�?BA^]FQRM5AtGJIR?BA�eGJyY?BPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA¡GJw-_^?BQ=A ¬x? _a?BEN?BA:%4?BI=I=Q=K^]NM5QR�S��?�%fQR?B|^?BA �4��?�%fQR?B|^?BA]FQR{H|£�-QR?T?BQ=A^�-Q=b�?BA^]FQRM5AtGJIR?BA�· �5|^?BA GJw-_��^G5]�.U?fM5QR���:%f�T;^�^G5]g¸�wtG5]FQ=yY?fM5QR�9;��?BA e GJyY?BPYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb�?BA I=QR?ByY?BA�yY?fM#� (JCFQR]H{N|^?BA vx�L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY?BA %fwLyzEFwLA^�L? ��%Y; ��;��-QR? .UGJw:95²0=�E�/LyY?BE`² �,gZ �£²TM0�L?BE¡eGJbS��?BEFC`² vx�L�LQ=IR�-wLALy^; �UGJ�@?BQ¯�¯Q=EN���L?BE¡v��^]�%fQR]N]N?BA#� ?BEFC

XL AtG5{N| �gM5EN�L?BA�K�Mz]FQ=CFQ=X�wLA^� �EN�-Q®²AtGJCN?BA#� ?BEFC

Y L AtG5{N| g]FCN?BA�K@Mz]NQ=CFQ=X£yY?�%�(J|LI=C��Y;@��?BQ��L?BAn· �5|^?BA^]Nh0]FCN?Bb�?BA���?BEN�L?BAnb�?BQR]FCg�-QR?rM5EFCF|^M5b�?BCFEFQR]N{H|^?· �5|^?

H�:%f�T;^�-QR?$��M5EFbcGJI=| �5|^?

HN XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC4;��QR?�yY?fM0� (JCFQR]N{H|^?BA�v��L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY?BA�]FQ=A^��PY?BQ=A^? PzGJEFCN?f]FQR]N{H|^?BA$=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb�?z;

³1?BALA b �5yzI=QR{N| � ?BEN�L?BA��-QR?6eGJA^�L?f]FPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAY L � XL � H �:%f�T;

HN Q=A ?BQ=ApIRM5P5GJIR?f]rZ GJALyY?BA#CFQ GJIR]Fh-]FCN?BbCFEHGJA^]`_aM5EFb¡QR?BEFC4;t�UG %fw£�¯Q=EN� ?BQ=A IRM5PzGJIR?f]¯CNM5K@M %4?BA#CFEFQR]N{N|^?f]��"PzGJEFCN?f]FQR]N{H|^?f] � =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb[�L?B>^ALQR?BEFC��t�L?f]`²]N?BA ,xEN]NKLEFwLALy ��Z M5K@M %4?BA#CFEFwLb �

φB�λB�hB

Q=A�?BC ��GSQ=A��L?BE � Q=CFCN?g�L?f]�vxw^]N� ?BEFCN?ByY?B�LQR?BCN?f]¯I=QR?ByzC4;-�gQR?xK�Mz]FQ=CFQ=XY?ZT ² v¯{N|^]N? %4?BQ=yzC�¬�QR{H|DCFwLALyT�L?BE�±�I=I=Q=K^]NM5QR�-A^M5EFbcGJIR? �D�-QR? K�Mz]FQ=CFQ=XY? Y T ² v¯{H|^]N?�]FCN?B|DC�]N?BALP0EN?f{N|#C GJw-_l�L?BE ZT ² v¯{H|^]N?wLA^��I=QR?ByzC�Q=A��L?BEgyY?fM#� (JCFQR]N{H|^?BA!��?BEFQR�-Q GJA^?B��?BA^? Q=A��gM5EN�-EFQR{N|DCFwLALy^;��QR?[K�Mz]FQ=CFQ=XY?

XT ² v¯{N|^]N? ]FCN?B|#C�]H?BALP#EN?f{H|DCGJw-_��L?BE-��?BEN�-Q GJA^?B��?BA^?TwLA^�2%4?BQ=yzC�AtG5{N| g]NCN?BA£wLA^��XY?BEFXYM5I=IR]FC (JA^�-Q=yzCg]NM¡�^G5]¯PzGJEFCN?f]FQR]N{N|^?S¬x?f{N|#CN]N]Fh-]FCN?Bb£;�gQR?�Z\EHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A3%f�¯QR]H{N|^?BA���?BQR�L?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb�?BAcPzGJALA�]FCFEN?BALyUQ=A¡X0QR?BE �0{N|LEFQ=CFCN?BAc?BE`_aM5I=yY?BA���]FQR?B|^?v��L�\;-�^;=<���!

<z;x��G�wLADCN?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�-I=QR{N|^?£��?�%fwLyY]N]Fh-]FCN?Bb�?r_ /LE[e GJyY?�wLA^��· �5|^?�XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC[��?BEN�L?BA ?BE`_aM5I=yzC[�-QR?6Z\EHGJA^]`_aM5E`²bcGJCFQRM5A %f�¯QR]H{N|^?BA1eGJA^�L?f]FPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAnwLA^��?BI=I=Q=K^]NM5QR�-QR]N{H|^?BA1M#�L?BEgyY?fM#� (JCFQR]H{N|^?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA

φ�λ�hyY?BCFEN?BALADC4; ��/LE��-QR?¯eGJyY?BPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA6?BE`_aM5I=yzC��-QR?¯ZEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A�yY?Bb3( 9T�L?BA�vx�L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY?BA !

Y L, XL → φ, λ.�"�^;=<��

� ������������������� ��!#"$�&%(')%(!#"$*,+$-/.�"$�0���1!#2&�435�4�&�56879%1"$�&:��#"$;�2�! <8%(!#"/2&"$�&��"=�����5���)��� ��!#"/� �5;�2&%1"/�?>�@A�4%1�B!#��CD"x�E7GFIH�%1-$��%1%1"�<?J�� �

y��FK;�2&%1"

7MLI������� ��!#"�< N��O��"�-/.P"$�)FQ; 2�%1"$�RH���6S�)"$�T�U�V����"$%1"/�XWY"$��2&"/��Z[�56�34"Q"$���VWY"$;�2�!#%1%('�%(!#"/*,N�\��M�]�I���5���)�U�&��!#"$��%(')%(!#"$*,+��)�#"$�0@&�4���1.P"$��%1"Q�5�1!#2��5�34�5� �56)%(!#"$2�"$� �)"P������������� ��!#"$� ��; 2�%1"$�?>

x�X7GFYH&%1-$��%1%1"�< >

y�X7MLI�������&��!#"�<?J�� �

z��FQ; 2�%1"�7GFI@�@&6���:4��!#"�< N��O��"Q�0�#"$�)FK;�2&%1"/�RH��U6U�)"$�V���^�)��"$%1"/�

WI"/�U2�"$��Z_�46�34"I"$���`WI"$;�2�!#%1%(')%(!#"$*,NDFQ;�2�!#J&�&3)aD�b��34"$35"$�c%1�U�&�d34"$�0��e�!#��%1; 2�"��I���5�������&��!#"$��%('�%(!#"/*d"Y*d"/�U%(!��56�%Qfg�U��:0%1%('�%(!#"/*d"K��"/h&�&��"/�1!�+����"

x��FK;�2&%1"b7GFYH&%1-$��%1%1"�<=-$"$��35!Q���c����"Y34"$�0��e�!#��%1;�2&"OiI�5���)�#��;�2�!#J&�&3)>��)�U"

z��FQ;�2&%1"T79j�k42�"�<E�U�`WY��; 2�!#J&��3l��"/��m=6�6���@&%1�5�S�)�&���#*`�56�"$�cJ&� �

����"y��FQ; 2�%1"V7MLI�������&��!#"�<�� ��; 2,L�%(!#"$�n%1"/�&:��#"$;�20!Y��J�Z

xJ&�&�

yNo/pI*q�5J�%1%1; 2�6U��"$%1%16���;�2r@A�4%1�B!#��CD"b������������� ��!#"$��.�"/�1!#"l-$Js"/�#2 ��6�!#"/�,%1��� �s��Z_!�����"bFYH&%1-$��%1%1"$�)�PJ�� �sLI������� ��!#"$��.�"/�1!Y*d�0���Bh&-$��"/�1!�Nt �O��"$%1"b�I���5���)�U�&��!#"$��%(')%(!#"$*u.K�B���n��*vm=��346���%1; 2�"$�r�56�%If?��;���6xw0@ ��;$"bWI"/;/!��535J&6U���T7Gfxw0WO<P;/���5�������&��!#"l%(')%(!#"$*uHA"$-$"/�U;�2&��"/!�N

º

Page 15:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ������� ��� ��� �* � ��� ����� ��� ���� � "

� /LE��-QR?�v��L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA wLA^�µQ=|LEN? ,xb¡PY?B|LEFwLALy ]NQR?B|^?$%Y; ��;-.gENM 9zbcGJALA��`<�"Y�5���kM0�L?BE�·�?f{HP�`<�"zºY� � ;��QR?�· �5|^?BAD��?�%fwLyY]'&)(5{N|^?�_ /LE¡�-QR?�M5EFCF|^M5b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|^? · �5|^?

HQR]FCr�^G5]3.�?fM5QR�����:%f�T; _ /LEr�-QR? �gM5EFbcGJI=| �J²

|^?BAHN �^G5]S¸�wtG5]FQ=yY?fM5QR�9;9��?BEUv��^]FCHGJA^���L?f] .�?fM5QR�L]��:%f�T;��L?f]S¸�wtG5]FQ=yY?fM5QR�L]UXYM5b ±�I=I=Q=K^]NM5QR���¯Q=EN�nGJIR]

.�?fM5QR�-wLA^�-wLI GJCFQRM5A��NG

�:%f�T;NQG

��?�%4?BQR{N|LA^?BC4;���?BEU>lw^]}GJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy %f�¯QR]N{N|^?BAn�L?BA�· �5|^?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb�?BAQR]FC��L?B>^ALQR?BEFCx�-wLEN{N|

h = H + NG bzw. h = HN + NQG.�"�^;V:��

��QR?�.U?fM5QR�-wLA^�-wLI GJCFQRM5A^?BA � ?BEN�L?BA b�?BQR]FCN?BA^]¡XY?BEFAtG5{H|LI (5]N]FQ=yzC��¤�^G��-QR?�³1?BEFCN?�ALQR{H|DC���?BPzGJALADCc]FQ=A^�9;��gQR?#¤?BEFAtG5{N|LI (5]N]FQ=yzwLALy��L?BE .�?fM5QR�-wLA^�-wLI GJCFQRM5A^?BA�_ /L|LEFC %fw�?BQ=A^?BEgPYM5A^]FCHGJA#CN?BA�· �5|^?BADXY?BEN]H{N|LQR?B�LwLALy�Q=b v�w^]`²� ?BEFCN?ByY?B�LQR?BC4;t�gQR?f]N?BE¯±IP9?BP0C��¯Q=EN��XYM5A£�L?BA£W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA��L?BE-(Jw^]N]H?BEN?BA$ �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyc��?BQ=CFyY?B|^?BA^��PYM5br²K@?BA^]FQR?BEFC4;

:-;x��QR?SZ\EHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A$%f�¯QR]H{N|^?BA�?BI=I=Q=K@M5QR�-QR]N{H|^?BA�PzGJEFCN?f]FQR]N{H|^?BA wLA^� P5GJEFCN?f]FQR]H{N|^?BA$=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAX�Y�Z?BE`_�M5I=yzC�b¡Q=C

X = (N + h) cos φ cos λ

Y = (N + h) cos φ sinλ

Z = [(1 − e2)N + h] sinφ.

�"�^;Vd��

��GJ��?BQ9QR]FCN =

a√

1 − e2 sin2 φ�L?BE�¸�w^?BEFP0EFb¡bSwLALyY]NEHG5�-Q=w^]��a�-QR?�e (JALyY?��L?BE¡yzENMz]H]N?BA�·gGJI=�tG5{H|^]N?�wLA^�

e�-QR?�?BEN]FCN?�ADwLb�?BEFQR]H{N|^?£±�­0²

%4?BADCFEFQ %fQ=C (JC����-QR?T�^G5]g¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]N?BI=I=Q=K^]NM5QR� yY?fM5b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|���?f]N{N|LEN?BQ=��?BA\;t�gQR? ,xb¡PY?B|LEFwLALyk�L?BE�v�w-_"yDGJ��?UQR]FC?BC ��G5]gGJw-_"� (JA^�-Q=yY?BE4;t±�Q=A�e �z]FwLALy�PzGJALA�GJ��?BE¯EN?f{N|DCg?BQ=A-_aG5{H| �-wLEN{N| Q=CN?BEHGJCFQ=XY? #¤?BE`_´GJ|LEN?BA£yY? _"wLA^�L?BA � ?BE`²�L?BA ��·�?f{HP �9<�"zºY� � ;

d-;g�0M5I=IR?BA �-QR? =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �L?BE¡eGJA^�L?f]FXY?BEFb�?f]H]FwLALynb¡Q=C W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^?BA GJw^]3.�W��D²0��?f]N]NwLALyY?BA PYM5b[�LQ=ALQR?BEFC� ?BEN�L?BA QR]FC %fwp�@?4G5{H|DCN?BA ���^G5]N]S]NQR{N| �-QR?ceGJA^�L?f]FPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA b�?BQR]FCN?BA^]¡GJw-_�?BQ=ApPYM5A#XY?BADCFQRM5A^?BI=IR?f]¡yY?fMJ²� (JCFQR]N{N|^?f] =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh0]NCN?Bb wLA^�1�-QR?rb¡Q=C6.UW ����?f]FCFQ=b¡bSCN?�W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^?BA GJw-_¯�^G5]S�-EN?BQR�-Q=b�?BA^]FQRM5AtGJIR?��?�%fwLyY]H]Fh0]NCN?Bb� �� ,� � - ��� � ����10��+"&,� �,+ �������#�"³ .T�-ºJ�����?�%fQR?B|^?BA\;J�gQR?�PzGJEFCN?f]FQR]N{N|^?BA =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?BE�@?BQR�L?BA �#h-]FCN?Bb�? N�|LQR?BE�yDGJA:%TGJI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A GJIR]��#h0]NCN?Bb <gwLA^��:S�@?�%4?BQR{H|LA^?BC N

X1

�Y1

�Z1

wLA^�X2

�Y2

�Z2

]FQ=A^� %f��GJE�wLAtGJ�L| (JALyzQ=ycXYM5b ��?�%fwLyY]N?BI=I=Q=K^]NM5QR� �t�@?�%fQR?B|^?BA�]FQR{N| GJ��?BE�GJw-_��^G5]��UGJCFwLb �L?f] %fwLyzEFwLA^�L? ²yY?BIR?ByzCN?BAnyY?fM#� (JCFQR]N{H|^?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb�]4;9�gQR? =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb�?�]FQ=A^���^GJ|^?BEUwLA#CN?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�-I=QR{H|Q=A��L?BE¯eGJyY?U�L?f] ,�EN]FKLEFwLALyY]��-�L?BE¯v¯{N|^]NEFQR{N|DCFwLALyY?BA�wLA^���L?f] ��G5]H]N]FCHGJ��?f]4;D��?BE¯�UGJCFwLb�]F�@?BEFyDGJALy6?BE`_�M5I=yzCb¡Q=Cx?BQ=A^?BE�E (JwLb¡I=QR{N|^?BA 8xALI=QR{H|LPY?BQ=CN]FCFEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A��´�'² W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²�M#�L?BE�·g?BI=b�?BEFCFCFEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A ��!

X2

Y2

Z2

=

∆X

∆Y

∆Z

+ mR

X1

Y1

Z1

�"�^; ���

�^GJ�@?BQ\]FQ=A^�X1, Y1, Z1

yY?fM %4?BA#CFEFQR]N{N|^?6=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA Q=b��#h-]FCN?Bb�<X2, Y2, Z2

yY?fM %4?BA#CFEFQR]N{N|^?6=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA Q=b��#h-]FCN?Bb :∆X,∆Y,∆Z

#¤?BEN]H{N|LQR?B�LwLALyY]FXY?BP0CNM5Em

��G5]N]N]FCHGJ�^]`_´GJP0CNM5ER

¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]NbcGJCFEFQ®­�;� �O��"���"/�4�U��J�� ��J�6U��!#���4�,��%(!I�5H�2 e��&34��3dCD�5*u34" .Qe52�6B!#"$���P"$-$J�34%1%(')%(!#"$* 79WY"/Z[" �#"$�&-$"/6U6���@&%1�5�U�,J&� �c34"$�0��e�!#��%1;�2&"$�r�b��!#J&*c< N

Page 16:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ������� ��� ��� �* � ��� ����� ��� ���� � <4«

��QR?6]FQR?B��?BA W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE¡� ?BEN�L?BA Q=Ap�L?BEr¬x?ByY?BI�b¡Q=C QR�L?BADCFQR]N{H|^?BA W¤wLALP#CN?BA Q=Ap?BQ=A^?BE¡v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy��@? ²]FCFQ=b¡bSC4;J�UGJ�@?BQ0� ?BEN�L?BA %f� ?BQ-?BC ��G5](wLADCN?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�-I=QR{N|^?�ZEHGJA^]`_�M5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^]Nb�M#�L?BI=IR?�XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC��z�^G5] ��wLEN]HG�²³1M5I®_%²�M#�L?BE��^G5] ��M5IRM#�L?BA^]NP#Q=Q®² �¯G5�L?BPzG5]`²0��M0�L?BI=I ��·g?f{NP �@<�"zºY� � ;��Y?xAtG5{N|�vxA:%'GJ|LI��L?BE ��?f]FCFQ=b¡b[CN?BA�W�GJEHG�²b�?BCN?BE �����LI=QR{N|n]FQ=A^���-EN?BQ �LQR]g]FQR?B��?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�� ��]FQ=A^���-QR?[W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEU�@?BQR�L?BE ��M#�L?BI=IR? ?BC ��G5]�wLADCN?BE`²]N{N|LQR?f�-I=QR{H|\;t��?BQR�L? ��M#�L?BI=IR?T]NQ=A^� O`?f�LM0{N|$( @#wLQ=XzGJIR?BADC4;

�^;x��QR? Z\EHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A Q=A �^G5]�IRM5PzGJIR? Z(GJALyY?BADCFQ GJIR]Fh-]FCN?Bb � =�EHGJw^]���<�"7"Y� �c?BE`_�M5I=yzCcb¡Q=C6?BQ=A^?BEcE (JwLb¡I=QR{H|^?#¤?BEN]N{N|LQR?B�LwLALy6Q=A �L?BA£��?�%fwLyY]FKLwLALP#C�� �

XB�YB�ZB��wLA^�£GJA^]N{H|LI=QR?f]N]N?BA^�L?BEg��EN?B|#wLALy

M!

XT

Y T

ZT

= M

X − XB

Y − YB

Z − ZB

�"�^;+*��

� M5��?BQ¤�-QR?��gEN?B|LbcGJCFEFQ®­n�L?B>^ALQR?BEFCSQR]FCU�-wLEN{N|p�-QR?ryY?fM0� (JCFQR]N{H|^?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAp�L?f]T��?�%fwLyY]FKLwLALP0CN?f]φB�

λB!

M =

− sinλB cos λB 0

− cos λB sinφB − sinλB sinφB cos φB)

cos λB cos φB sinλB cos φb sinφB)

.

�"�^;V���

LandeskoordinatenXL, YL, H

geodätische Koordinatenφ, λ, h

geozentrische KoordinatenSystem 1, X

1, Y

1, Z

1

geodätische Abbildung undBerücksichtigung des Geoids

Transformation zwischen kartesischenund ellipsoidischen Koordinaten

geozentrische KoordinatenSystem 2, X

2, Y

2, Z

2

lokales Tangentialsystem XT, YT, ZT

Datumstransformation

räumliche Verschiebung und Drehung

v��L�LQ=IR�-wLALyc�^;=< !L¬�?BQ=|^?BA-_�M5I=yY?S�L?BE =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BADCFEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^?BA

� �O��"KFY�&-���2&6���"/���E������*d"/!#"/� :4���&�V�5J�Z_35�#J�� �^�)"/� �P"$%(!#��*d*VH&���#:D"$�B!=�)"/��E�����5*d"/!#" � J�� �R�5J�Z_35�#J�� �VCD�5�`w)@&�5���)J��&35"$�V��* i�"/!#-��"/�Yf?�5�&��"$%1*d"$%1%1J��&3RC4���#�U��"/�#"/�?N

Page 17:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

� � ��� ��� � � ����� �� � �p������� � �

��wLE���?BALA1�-QR?reGJA^�L?f]FPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAY L � XL � H �-Q=EN?BP0C XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BCT��?BEN�L?BA �\]NM5I=I=CN? �-QR? ±¤EN�-P#E�/Lb¡b[wLALy b¡Q=C

��?BEN{NP-]FQR{N|#CFQ=yzCU� ?BEN�L?BA\;���?BQ(�L?BEU]NM5yY?BAtGJALA#CN?BA1±�EN�-P0E�/Lb¡bSwLALyY]FPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLET� ?BEN�L?BAn�-QR? yY?ByY?BAD/L��?BEU?BQ=A^?BEUZ GJA-²yY?BA#CFQ GJIR?B�@?BA^? GJw-_"CFEN?BCN?BA^�L?BA�· �5|^?BA^�-QQP9?BEN?BA:%4?BA�GJIR]¯EHG5�-Q GJIR? #¤?BE�%4?BQR{N|LADwLALy£GJw-_�yY? _aG5]H]FC�!

∆r = − Hr3

2Rf2

� *-;=<����M5�@?BQH

� I=wLyz| �5|^?r =

x2 + y2EHG5�-Q GJIR?BExv��^]FCHGJA^�£�L?f]���Q=IR�-KLwLALP0CN?f]

R±�EN�-EHG5�-Q=w^]

f=TGJb¡b�?BEFPYM5A^]FCHGJADCN?

v¯{H|DCFwLALy�!D ��D��M5|LI^�L?BE�±IP�?BP0C(Q=Ar�L?BA ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAcGJw-_"CFEFQ=CFC��5?BE`_aM5I=yzC��-QR? =�M5EFEN?BP#CFwLE�Q=Ar�L?BA¡� Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q®²AtGJCN?BA�Y��?BQ:#¤?BEFCFQ=PzGJI GJw-_"AtGJ|Lb�?BAkQR]FC¤�L?BE ±1P�?BP0C�ENM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]N]Fh0b¡b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|\;0�gQQP�?BEN?BA:%4?BAcQ=Ac�L?BAceGJyY?BPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��?BEN�L?BA��^GJyY?ByY?BA ��?BQ=CFyY?B|^?BA^���-wLEN{N|��-QR?S±�Q=ALKtG5]N]FwLALy�GJw-_�W�G5]N]FKLwLALP0CN?[Q=b ¬�GJ|Lb�?BA �L?BEg��A^�L?BI GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFC4;) x_�C��¯Q=EN�£�-QR?U±¤EFP#EFb¡b[wLALyY]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE�%fw^]HGJb¡b�?BA�b¡Q=Cx�L?BE�¬x? _�EHGJP#CFQRM5A^]NPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE�GJALyY?B�LEHG5{H|DC4;

�gQR?T±�EN�-P0E�/Lb¡bSwLALyY]NPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEgQR]FC¯ALQR{N|#C Z ?BQ=I �-QR?f]N?f]�� /LA^�L?BI=KLENM5yzEHGJb¡b�]4;

<z<

Page 18:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

� �����p� � �p�I���

�UG5]rbcGJCF|^?BbcGJCFQR]N{H|^?���M#�L?BI=I¯]N?BC�%fC�?BQ=A^?�yY?BEHG5�-I=Q=ALQ=yY?£v�w^]F�LEN?BQ=CFwLALy1�L?f]¡e9QR{H|DCN]FCFEHGJ|LIR?f]6XYM5EHGJw^]4;�Z(GJCN] (5{N|LI=QR{H|�¯Q=EN�nGJ��?BE��L?BETe\QR{N|^]FCFEHGJ|LI �-wLEN{H|1�-QR?�GJCFb�Mz]FKL| (JEFQR]N{H|^?�¬x? _�EHGJP#CFQRM5A���?f?BQ=A?&^w^]N]FC4;���?BQ�#¤?BEFCFQ=P5GJI GJw-_�AtGJ|Lb�?BA1QR]FC�-QR?gvxw^]N�¯Q=EFP#wLALy¡�L?BE�¬x? _�EHGJP#CFQRM5AkENM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]N]Fh0b¡b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|�wLA^��?BEFyzQ=�LC¯?BQ=A^?gK@Mz]NQ=CFQ=XY? #¤?BE�%4?BQR{H|LADwLALy^;^v��@?BE�?BEN]FC��?BQxyzENMz]N]H?BA �(I=wLyz| �5|^?BA bcG5{N|DC�]FQR{H|µ�-QR?�¬x? _�EHGJP0CFQRM5A ��?Bb�?BEFP#�tGJE4;�±�Q=A^?���?BE�/^{NP-]FQR{N|#CFQ=yzwLALy �L?f]k±¤Q=A?&^w^]N]N?f]>^A^�L?BC�b�?BQR]FCN?BA^]��-wLEN{N|�?BQ=A^? =�M5EFEN?BP#CFwLE��L?BE���Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA~XYM5E��L?BE�?BQ=yY?BADCFI=QR{N|^?BA�� /LA^�L?BI GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy]FCHGJCFC4;5�A �L?BE�e9w-_"CF�LQ=IR�-KL|^M5CNM5yzEHGJb¡b�?BCFEFQR?r�¯Q=EN���-QR?S¬�? _"EHGJP0CFQRM5A XY?BEFAtG5{H|LI (5]N]FQ=yzCUM0�L?BE��-wLEN{N| =xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEU�L?BE���Q=IR�-PYMJ²M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��@?BE�/^{HP0]NQR{N|DCFQ=yzC4;9�UGcb�?BQR]FCN?BA^]�PY?BQ=A^?[b�?BCN?fM5ENM5IRM5yzQR]H{N|^?¡�UGJCN?BA�XYM5EFI=QR?ByY?BA�� ?BEN�L?BAn�-QR?6=xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEN?BAGJw-_�yzEFwLA^�c?BQ=A^?BE ��M5EFbcGJI GJCFb�Mz]FKL| (JEN?g?BEFb¡Q=CFCN?BI=C4;0¬x?f]FCFI=QR{H|^?�v�ADCN?BQ=IR?x� ?BEN�L?BA��-wLEN{N|��-QR?� �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�? ²CN?BExGJw-_�yY? _aGJALyY?BA�M#�L?BEx�-wLEN{H|�>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�?BE`_aG5]H]FC4;5�A��L?BEg�-GJCN?BI=I=Q=CN?BALKL|^M5CNM5yzEHGJb¡b�?BCFEFQR?rQR]FC��^G5]��#CFEHGJ|LIR?BA#�:/LA^�L?BI b�?BQR]FC�]N?B|LE�]N{N|LbcGJIwLA^�£�-QR?[�#CFEHGJ|LIR?BA ]FQ=A^��_aG5]FCKtGJEHGJI=IR?BI´; ��GJb¡Q=C QR]FCS�-QR?6vxw^]N�¯Q=EFP#wLALy _ /LE[GJI=IR?6��Q=IR�L]FCFEHGJ|LIR?BApKLEHGJP0CFQR]N{H|�yzIR?BQR{N|\;(�gQR?c¬�? _"EHGJP0CFQRM5A��¯Q=EN�p�-wLEN{N|�-QR?UW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEg�L?BE�(Jw^]N]N?BEN?BA$ �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALykPYM5b¡K�?BA^]FQR?BEFC4;��?BQ �gGJ|#�@?BEN?BQR{H|^]HGJAD��?BA^�-wLALyY?BA PzGJALAnGJw-_�?BQ=A^? =xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEUXY?BE�%fQR{N|#CN?BCT� ?BEN�L?BA �\�^G6]FQR{H|1�-QR? ¬�? _"EHGJP0CFQRM5AnGJw-_%²yzEFwLA^�£�L?BE¯P0wLE�%4?BA v�w-_"AtGJ|Lb�?f?BA#C`_�?BEFA#wLALy6KLEHGJP0CFQR]N{H| ALQR{N|#CgGJw^]F�¯Q=EFP0C4;�gQR? =xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEgGJw-_�yzEFwLA^�£�L?BE�GJCFb�Mz]FKL| (JEFQR]N{H|^?BA�¬�? _"EHGJP0CFQRM5A£QR]FC¯ALQR{H|DC Z ?BQ=I�-QR?f]N?f]�� /LA^�L?BI=KLENM5yzEHGJb¡b�]4;

<4:

Page 19:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

����� ����� � � �������p��� � �����

�gQR?�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEg�L?BE �)�E�, L�,�� ,��������� 3 ��-N eGJyY?T�L?f]¯��Q=IR�-|tGJwLKLCFKLwLALP0CN?f]xp�yp

wLA^� =TGJb¡b�?BEFPYM5A^]FCHGJA#CN?cN � ?BEN�L?BA Q=b vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]Nb�M#�L?BI=I(ALQR{N|#CgGJIR]¯wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?[W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEg�@?f]NCFQ=b¡bSC4;

��QR?SW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEg�L?BE�Q=ALA^?BEN?BA �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyc� ?BEN�L?BA�GJIR]-=xM5A^]NCHGJADCN?BA��@?B|tGJA^�L?BI=C4;��/LE[�-QR?��0?BI=�^]FCFPzGJI=Q=�LEFQR?BEFwLALynQR]FCr?f]�OF?f�LM#{H|pb �5yzI=QR{H| /L�@?BE %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��-QR?6Q=ALA^?BEN? �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy%fwµ�@?f]NCFQ=b¡b�?BA���]4;�<z<�� ;¯·�QR?BEF��?BQg��?BEN�L?BA O`?f�LM0{N| ALQR{H|DC£�-QR?�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�]N?BI=�^]FCk�@?f]NCFQ=b¡bSC��¯]NM5A^�L?BEFA~�L?BEN?BA8�A^�L?BEFwLALyY?BA

∆xp�∆yp

wLA^�∆c

;��?BE�>lw^]HGJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy!%f�¯QR]N{N|^?BA �L?BA EN?f�-w:%fQR?BEFCN?BA ��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �"KL|^M5CNMn{fM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?f] �

x�y�zwLA^� �L?BA

��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAx�y�¯Q=EN��AtG5{N|��#I GJbcGrw\;tG-; �`<�"zºz«����¯QR?g_aM5I=yzC�yY?B�LQ=IR�L?BC�!

x = x − xp

y = y − yp

z = −c.

�´�0;=<��

��QR?U�UGJCN?BA �L?BExQ=ALA^?BEN?BA �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyk� ?BEN�L?BA�b¡Q=Cx�L?BE-=TGJb�?BEHG�² �UGJCN?BQ(?BQ=ALyY?BIR?f]N?BA\;

<4d

Page 20:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

� � � ��� ��������� � � �p� � �~�����

5�A��L?BExvxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyk� ?BEN�L?BA£_�M5I=yY?BA^�L?[Z¤h0K@?BA�XYM5A W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA��@?f]FCFQ=b¡b[C�!

� ��-O`?BP0CFPYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �� �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��� %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?[W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�wLA^�� W Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]F² wLA^�£eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE4;

�UGJ��?BQ@CFEN?BCN?BA£�-QR?UW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��L?BE ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA£wLA^���L?BE� �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALycQ=b¡b�?BE GJIR]�wLAD��?BPzGJALADCN?SW�GJEHG�²b�?BCN?BE�GJw-_F;t>lw^] (JC�%fI=QR{H|^?SW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��lW(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]`² wLA^� eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEU]FQ=A^� �^GJyY?ByY?BA M5KLCFQRM5AtGJI´;v�I=IR? wLAD��?BP5GJALA#CN?BApW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BET� ?BEN�L?BA1b¡Q=CT?BQ=A^?BEr�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALy

σi?BQ=ALyY? _ /L|LEFC ��]FQR?B|^?rvx�^]H{N|\;\d-;Vd�� ;

�gQR?3.gEN?BA:%f��?BEFCN?¡_ /LE��-QR?k�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BAσmin

wLA^�σmax

IR?ByY?BA�_�?f]FC��9M5�1]NQR?�GJIR]UwLAD��?BP5GJALA#C � � ���A^M'�¯A ���L�@?fM5�tG5{H|DCN?BC � ���g?BEFXY?f� �¯M#�L?BE�?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFC}°'_a?f]FC$� �����xb¡Q=AtGJCN?f�t°�� ���[?f� � P0I G5]N]FQ > %fQR?BEFC¯��?BEN�L?BA\; ��]FQR?B|^?v��L�\;^º-;=<���!

?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFCN?BE}°'_a?f]FCN?BE�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE0 < σi < σmin��?fM5�tG5{N|#CN?BCN?BEgW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEσmin ≤ σi ≤ σmaxwLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?BEgW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEσi > σmax

�gQR?f]N? .gEN?BA:%f��?BEFCN?σmin

wLA^�σmax

]FQ=A^��_�EN?BQ9� (J|LI=�tGJE4;>l��?BQ¤� ?BQ=CN?BEN?c� (J|LI=�tGJEN?3=�M5A^]FCHGJADCN?BApIR?ByY?BAn_a?f]FCTM5���-QR?¡W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BErGJIR]T?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFCN?6W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

σmin,uwLA^�

GJIR]�wLAD��?BPzGJALADCN?UW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEσmax,u

�@?B|tGJA^�L?BI=C���?BEN�L?BA\;�� /LE¯�-QR?f]N?g³1?BEFCN?gyzQ=I=Cσmin,u < σmin

wLA^�σmax,u >

σmax;

σmin,u

σmin

σmax

σmax,u

0 ∞

eliminiert beobachtet unbekannt

vx�L�LQ=IR�-wLALy6º-;=< !@�#CHGJCFw^]��L?BEg�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA\;

<B�

Page 21:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �����������

� ��� ��� � � � � � ������� �����

�gwLEN{N|6�-QR?¯]FCNM#{H|tG5]FCFQR]N{H|^?���?B|tGJA^�-I=wLALy GJI=IR?BE¤wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?BAkW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�>^A^�L?BC GJw^{N|���?BQ^�L?BA ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtG�²CN?BA�PY?BQ=A^?T? ­-KLI=Q %fQ=CN? ,xA#CN?BEN]N{N|^?BQR�-wLALy %f�¯QR]N{N|^?BA���?Bw-²�wLA^��W�G5]N]FKLwLALP0CFPYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �¯]NCHGJCFC4;L��QR? ��-OF?BP0CFPYM#M5E`²�-Q=AtGJCN?BA6wLADCN?BEN]N{H|^?BQR�L?BA£]FQR{N|6ADwLE��-wLEN{N|kQ=|LEN?��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyc�:%f�T;?.�?B�¯QR{N|#CFwLALy^; �xwLE�_ /LE �-QR?�vxw^]NyDGJ�@?>^A^�L?BCx?BQ=A^? =�I G5]N]FQ > %fQR?BEFwLALyc]FCHGJCFC�!

��?BwLKLwLALP0CxM0�L?BE-=xM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#CσX > σmax ∧ σY > σmax ∧ σZ > σmaxW(G5]H]FKLwLALP#C��?BALyzI´;t{fM5ADCFENM5IK@M5Q=A#C �σX < σmax ∨ σY < σmax ∨ σZ < σmax

�gQR? =xM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#C � ?BEN�L?BA��¯QR? �g?BwLKLwLALP#CN?�Q=ALA^?BEF|tGJI=���L?BE¤v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALy[�-wLEN{H|6�#CFEHGJ|LIR?BA^]N{N|LALQ=CFC �@?f]NCFQ=b¡bSC4;�Y?f�LM0{N| I=QR?ByY?BA�_ /LE�?BQ=A �:%f��?BQM0�L?BExGJI=IR?U�-EN?BQ =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BADwLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?BA��0M5I=I®²0=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA � #¤?BEFyzIR?BQR{N|^]F��?BEFCN?��XYM5E4;L�gQR? =�M5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0CN?[�-QR?BA^?BA2%fwLE���?f]NCFQ=b¡bSwLALy6�L?BE�(Jw:9Y?BEN?BA .�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=C��]NQR?B|^?Tvx�^]H{N|\;9<4d-;V:�� ;

� �O��"siO�5*d"/�&%134"/H&J&��3rZ����sL�H��("/:0!#@�J&��:0!#"`��� �)"/�`�)"$J�!#%1;�2&"$�J�� � "$�&356��U%1;�2&"/� w)@)���5;�2&"cZ��&2)�1!d*`�5��; 2�*`�56�-/J���="/�1.K�B�1�#J&��3�+��� ������������ %1��� ����� ����� �! � �#" �$��% J&�&�'&(� ����� �! � �)��������� %1��� �*�,+ � � �-� ��" ����% N

<�*

Page 22:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� ���

��� ����� � �p����� �p����� �����

³µQ=EN��GJIR]�bcGJCF|^?BbcGJCFQR]N{N|^?f] ��M#�L?BI=I^�-QR?x>@?BA#CFEHGJI=KLENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5AcXY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC ]NM�IR?ByY?BA��-QR? =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAk�L?f]¤W�ENMJOF?BPD²CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEFwLb�]

Xo�Yo�Zo��?BALyzI´;tKLENMJO`?f{BCFQRM5A�{f?BADCFEN? {fM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?f] �¯�-QR?[W Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A�wLA^� ?BQ=A^?[¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­

R��?BALyzI´;�ENM5CHGJCFQRM5A�bcGJCFEFQ®­��g�-QR?3 �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy£XYM5b �"EN?f�-w:%fQR?BEFCN?BA �U��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh0]NCN?Bb�yY?ByY?BAD/L��?BES�L?Bb

��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb _a?f]FC4;���QR?f]H?�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE6� ?BEN�L?BA GJIR]¡±�IR?Bb�?BA#CN? �L?BE�� 3��I� ��, � ,���,������, 83 ��p�@? ²%4?BQR{H|LA^?BC4;��/LEx�-QR?UW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��L?BE�(Jw:9Y?BEN?BA �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyk]NQ=A^� %fwLb¡Q=A^�L?f]FC � (J|^?BEFwLALyY]F� ?BEFCN?[?BE`_�M5EN�L?BEFI=QR{H|\;

6� 4 6 � >A=E>$� 8�;�=EK ��KL8I=��$: � �$8I=� D/;�> ;�KLD : � � > ;�=?K �

�gQR?¡A^?BwLA�±¤IR?Bb�?BADCN?k�L?BE[¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]NbcGJCFEFQ®­�?BADCF|tGJI=CN?BAp�-QR?6¬�QR{H|DCFwLALyY]N{fMz]FQ=A#w^]`²´³1?BEFCN?z;��gQR?�¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­QR]FC�?BQ=A^?�M5EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR? ��GJCFEFQ®­ �#�9; |\;A%f�¯QR]N{H|^?BA��L?BA6A^?BwLA�±�IR?Bb�?BA#CN?BA£�@?f]NCN?B|^?BAk]N?f{H|^]���?�%fQR?B|#wLALyY?BA � �EFCF|^M5yYMJ²AtGJI=Q=C (JCN]F��?f�-Q=ALyzwLALyY?BA � ;��?BQR]FCN?BA^] � ?BEN�L?BA��-QR?�±¤IR?Bb�?BADCN?U�L?BE�¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­kALQR{N|DC¯]N?BI=�^]NC ��?f]FCFQ=b¡bSC�]NM5A^�L?BEFAk�@?f]HM5A^�L?BEN? .�EFwLKLK@?BAXYM5A W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA � �-QR?cb�?BQR]FC¡GJI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A GJIR]r¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��?BALyzI´;(ENM5CHGJCFQRM5A KtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEN] �S�@?�%4?BQR{H|LA^?BC��?BEN�L?BA\;J�gQR?�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFyzEFwLKLK�?BA�M0�L?BE(¬�M5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�wLADCN?BEN]N{H|^?BQR�L?BA�]FQR{N|r�-wLEN{N| _aM5I=yY?BA^�L?�±�Q=yY?BA^]N{N|tG�_"²CN?BA !¤W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEHGJA:%'GJ|LI ���^G5]cv�w-_"CFEN?BCN?BA XYM5Aµ�#Q=ALyzwLI GJEFQ=C (JCN?BA ��±�Q=A^�L?BwLCFQ=yzPY?BQ=C���yY?fM5b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|^? 5 A#CN?BEFKLEN?BCHGJCFQRM5AwLA^��¬�?f{N|^?BAtGJw-_���GJA^�9;±�Q=A^? �x��?BEN]FQR{H|DC /L��?BE �-QR? W(GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]NQR?BEFwLALyY?BA yzQ=�LC��0{N|#wLC �`<�"7*zºY° *7"��\wLA^� =�ALQR{HP#b�?BhY?BE(wLA^�$��Q=CN]N{H|LPY? �`<�"7"J��� ;±�Q=ALQ=yY? /L�LI=QR{N|^?SW�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALyY?BAn]FQ=A^� !

� �-EN?BQ\��EN?B|#�¯Q=ALPY?BI(M0�L?BE�±�wLIR?BE`²´³µQ=ALPY?BIQ=A�XY?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�L?BA^?BA�# GJEFQ GJCFQRM5A^?BA�� .�M5IR�L]FCN?BQ=A �\<�"z�zd���� � �(Q=A^]FCN?BEF��GJI®²�L?BE¯wLA^�£·�MJ_�bcGJALA �\<�"z�zº���� �´�0{H|D�¯QR�L? _a]FP0h�wLA^��v¯{NPY?BEFbcGJALA �(<�"Y�5�����

� ¬xM0�-EFQ=yzw^?f]`² W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��´�0{N|#�¯QR�L? _�]NP#h�wLA^�£v¯{HPY?BEFbcGJALA �<�"Y�5������ ·gGJb¡Q=I=CNM5A�¸�wtGJCN?BEFALQRM5A��´�0{N|#wLC��<�"7*zºY° *7"���� �´�#|^M0?BbcGJPY? �<�"7"J����� � .gEHG5]N]FQ G �9<�"7"zº����� �-EN?BQ ��?B��?BA^�-Q GJyYM5AtGJIR?BIR?Bb�?BADCN? �L?BEx¬�M5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­#�´�0{N|DwLC��(<�"7*zºY° *7"����� ��EN?B|#wLALycwLb ?BQ=A^?T]NK@?�%fQR?BI=IR?Tv¯{H|^]N? ��¬xQ=ALA^?BE��\<�"7*Y� ���� C�Gfh0IR?BhD²0=�IR?BQ=A-² W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE � .�M5IR�L]FCN?BQ=A �<�"z�zd����� �gM5KLK�?BI=ENM5CHGJCFQRM5A^?BA �"³nENM5��?BI\wLA^�2=�IR?Bb¡b �<�"zºJ��� ;

<4�

Page 23:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� ����� � � ����� ��� ��� ����� <'�

6� 4 3 � =?8 �� KL:$HA81@�� �C@L8I= ��� KL: HA81@

±�Q=A^?xb �5yzI=QR{N|^?�W�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALyr�@?f]FCN?B|#C Q=A6�L?BE�#¤?BEF� ?BA^�-wLALy¡XYM5Ak�-EN?BQl�gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI=A\;-�UGJ��?BQl]FQ=A^�r_aM5I=yY?BA^�L?��(JI=IR? %fw£wLA#CN?BEN]N{N|^?BQR�L?BA !

<z;x��QR?�� L� � L�,� � �,�(*��� � ��IR?ByzC�_a?f]FC¡Q=A ��?BIR{N|^?BE�¬x?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY? �-QR?£±¤Q=A:%4?BIR�-EN?B|DwLALyY?BA�?BE`_aM5I=yY?BA ��%Y; ��; �-QR?1<z;��EN?B|#wLALy wLb �-QR?

x² v¯{H|^]N?nwLb �L?BA�³µQ=ALPY?BI

ω → Rx(ω)�x�-QR?1:-;��gEN?B|DwLALy wLb �-QR?

y² v¯{N|^]H?nwLb

ϕ → Ry(ϕ)�^wLA^� �-QR?Td-;^�gEN?B|DwLALycwLb �-QR?

z² v¯{N|^]N?SwLb

κ → Rz(κ);

:-;� ��1�-QR?��gEN?B|DwLALyY?BA�wLb� �� 3 + (*�,&,� �6M#�L?BE9+C��� � ���� �� � � �kv¯{N|^]N?BA�?BE`_aM5I=yzC4;\��?BQ¤EHGJwLbr_a?f]FCN?BA�v¯{H|^]N?BA�]FQ=A^��-QR?U?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?BA��gEN?B|DwLALyY?BA�GJw-_��^G5]xvxw^]FyDGJALyY]H]Fh0]NCN?Bb �@?�%4M5yY?BA !

R = Rz(κ) Ry(ϕ) Rx(ω).

��GJyY?ByY?BA���?�%fQR?B|^?BA�]FQR{N|£�-QR?��gEN?B|DwLALyY?BA wLb b¡Q=CFyY?f�-EN?B|#CN?Tv¯{N|^]H?BA GJw-_(�^G5] %fwLXYM5E¯?BEFEN?BQR{N|#CN? =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtG�²CN?BA^]Fh0]NCN?Bb !

R = Rx(ω) Ry(ϕ) Rz(κ).

d-;x��QR? K�Mz]FQ=CFQ=XY?r�gEN?B|LEFQR{N|DCFwLALy Q=b ��{BIRM#{HP#�¯QR]N?��� ��M#�L?BE�yY?ByY?BA1�L?BA!,�|LE�%4?BQ=yY?BEN]FQ=ALA ��{fM5wLADCN?BES{BIRM0{NP0�¯QR]N?���� ���L?B>^ALQR?BEFCxQR]FC4;

#gQR?BE /L�LI=QR{N|^?[W(GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALyY?BAn]FQ=A^��Q=b¡KLIR?Bb�?BA#CFQR?BEFC�!

� ��EN?B|LEN?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY? ω²ϕ²κwLb _a?f]FCN?¯v¯{N|^]N?BA6wLA^�c�gEN?B|DwLALy[Q=b ,�|LE�%4?BQ=yY?BEN]FQ=ALA ��]NQR?B|^?��#I GJbcGUw\;DG-; �`<�"zºz«����

�@; *-< �).gI´;^:-;V:zd � =�M5A^?f{BADh�wLA^�£e\?B|LbcGJALA��`<�"zºJ�����@;\<4«-< �^·g?Bw^{N|^?BI �`<�"7"J����� �

R(ω, ϕ, κ) = Rz(κ)Ry(ϕ)Rx(ω) =

cϕ cκ cω sκ + sω sϕ cκ sω sκ − cω sϕ cκ

−cϕ sκ cω cκ − sω sϕ sκ sω cκ + cω sϕ sκ

sϕ −sω cϕ cω cϕ

�`<4«-;=<��

� ��EN?B|LEN?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY? ω²ϕ²κwLb�b¡Q=CFyY?f�-EN?B|#CN?�v¯{N|^]H?BA�wLA^���gEN?B|DwLALy yY?ByY?BA��L?BA ,x|LE�%4?BQ=yY?BEN]FQ=ALA ��]FQR?B|^?

=�EHGJw^]��`<�"7"J����.gI´;z:-;V:�²´���D�0{N|#�¯QR�L? _�]FP0h wLA^�¡v¯{NPY?BEFbcGJALA��`<�"Y�5����.�I´;0<z; �J{ � �(Q=A^]FCN?BEF��GJIR�L?BE¤wLA^�¡·gMJ_"bcGJALA�`<�"z�zº����@;tdzd � .gI´;9<z;V:7*��

R(ω, ϕ, κ) = Rx(ω)Ry(ϕ)Rz(κ) =

cϕ cκ −cϕ sκ sϕ

cω sκ + sω sϕ cκ cω cκ − sω sϕ sκ −sω cϕ

sω sκ − cω sϕ cκ sω cκ + cω sϕ sκ cω cϕ

�`<4«-;V:��

� ��EN?B|LEN?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY? ϕ²ω²κwLb b¡Q=CFyY?f�-EN?B|DCN? v¯{H|^]N?BA wLA^���gEN?B|#wLALy�yY?ByY?BA �L?BA ,�|LE�%4?BQ=yY?BEN]FQ=ALA � =�EHGJw^]

�`<�"7"J���k�@;¯dzºz« �-.gI´;�:-;V:�²H<z; ���x�0{N|#�¯QR�L? _�]FP0h wLA^� v¯{HPY?BEFbcGJALA��`<�"Y�5���kZ GJ�\;¯:Y�0;=< � � Q=A^]NCN?BEF��GJIR�L?BE£wLA^�·�MJ_�bcGJALA#�`<�"z�zº����@;^dz: �).gI´;9<z;V:zd � =xM5A^?f{BADh�wLA^��e?B|LbcGJALA �`<�"zºJ�����@;9<4«-< �^¬ /LyY?BE¯w\;^G-; �`<�"Y�5º����@;t:-< �.gI´;^:-;=<4�zG��

R(ϕ, ω, κ) = Ry(ϕ)Rx(ω)Rz(κ) =

cϕ cκ + sϕ sω sκ −cϕ sκ + sϕ sω cκ sϕ cω

cω sκ cω cκ −sω

−sϕ cκ + cϕ sω sκ sϕ sκ + cϕ sω cκ cϕ cω

�`<4«-;Vd����� *qFIJ�%1346�"$��; 20J��&34%1*d�0�)"$6�6?C4"/�1.�"$�&��"/! �8F �P� � ����"OWY�0�)�#��34J�"$%(���,��!1�#���8N

Page 24:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� ����� � � ����� ��� ��� ����� <4º

� wLb �L?BAn¬xQR{N|DCFwLALyY]N�¯Q=ALPY?BI �aG %fQ=bSwLC �α�9�-QR? ��Q=IR�-A^?BQ=yzwLALy#��?BIR?BXzGJCFQRM5A �

νwLA^���-QR? =TGJA#CFwLALy#�"ENM5I=I �

rQ=A

�L?BE���EN?B|LEN?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY?α²ν²κwLb b¡Q=CFyY?f�-EN?B|DCN? v¯{N|^]N?BA£wLA^� ��EN?B|#wLALycyY?ByY?BA �L?BA$,x|LE�%4?BQ=yY?BEN]FQ=ALA

R(α, ν, κ) = Rz(κ)Rx(ν)Rz(α) =

cα cκ + sα sν sκ −cα sκ + sα sν cκ sα cν

sα cκ − cα sν sκ −sα sκ − cα sν cκ −cα cν

cν sκ cν cκ −sν

�`<4«-; ���

��QR?f]H?UW(GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALyk�¯Q=EN��Q=b W¤ENM5yzEHGJb¡b v�w^]FCFEHGJI=QR]$��e9Q=C4;�� ��XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC4;

��M5�@?BQcϕ

GJIR]�v��LP /LE�%fwLALy�_ /LEcos ϕ

wLA^�sϕ

_ /LEsinϕ

�Lw^]F�T;L]FCN?B|#C4;��?BE¯� ?f]H?BADCFI=QR{N|^?��G5{N|DCN?BQ=I(GJI=IR?BExW(GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]NQR?BEFwLALyY?BA��-wLEN{H| �-EN?BQ±�IR?Bb�?BA#CN?TQR]FC��^G5]xvxw-_�CFEN?BCN?BA�XYM5A��#Q=ALyzwLI G�²EFQ=C (JCN?BA\;

6� 4 � � >$� KL@�;EDA: ��� �C> ;�8I=?:$KLD :

�gQR?�W(GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]NQR?BEFwLALy �L?BE£¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A~b¡Q=C��L?Bb ·�GJb¡Q=I=CNM5A-²¹¸�wtGJCN?BEFALQRM5A¶|tGJC£�L?BA #¤M5EFCN?BQ=I ���^G5]N]��-QR?f]H?�W�G�²EHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy PY?BQ=A^?[�#Q=ALyzwLI GJEFQ=C (JCN?BA |tGJC4;�vxw^]N]H?BEN�L?Bb ]FQ=A^� %fwLE���?BEN?f{N|LA#wLALy A#wLEk?BQ=A-_´G5{N|^?�wLA^� ]H{N|LA^?BI=IR?¬�?f{N|^?BA^M5K�?BEHGJCFQRM5A^?BA A^M5C�� ?BA^�-Q=y wLA^� PY?BQ=A^? CFEFQ=yYM5A^M5b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|^? �LwLALP0CFQRM5A^?BA �¯QR? �@?BQ��L?BE3#¤?BEF� ?BA^�-wLALy XYM5A�gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI=A\;l�gQR?T¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FbcGJCFEFQ®­�|tGJC¯_aM5I=yY?BA^�L? �^M5EFb

R(q0, q1, q2, q3) =

q02 + q1

2 − q22 − q3

2 2(q1 q2 − q0 q3) 2(q1 q3 + q0 q2)

2(q1 q2 + q0 q3) q02 − q1

2 + q22 − q3

2 2(q2 q3 − q0 q1)

2(q1 q3 − q0 q2) 2(q2 q3 + q0 q1) q02 − q1

2 − q22 + q3

2

.�`<4«-;+*��

��Q=A^�L?f]FCN?BA^]k�-EN?BQxXYM5A^?BQ=AtGJA^�L?BE�wLAtGJ�L| (JALyzQ=yY?nW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�]FQ=A^� A^M5C ��?BA^�-Q=y�wLb ?BQ=A^?�EN?BQ=A^?�¬�M5CHGJCFQRM5A^?BA Q=b�-EN?BQR�-Q=b�?BA^]FQRM5AtGJIR?BAµ±�wLP0I=QR�-QR]N{N|^?BAµ¬�GJwLb %fw���?f]N{N|LEN?BQ=��?BA\;¤³1?BEN�L?BA b�?B|LE6GJIR]��-EN?BQxW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE6XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC��]FQ=A^���-QR?f]H?UW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEgALQR{N|#CgGJI=IR?UwLAtGJ�L| (JALyzQ=y^;4� /LE��-QR?S¸�wtGJCN?BEFALQRM5A-² ±�IR?Bb�?BADCN?ryzQ=I=Cx�-QR?U��?f�-Q=ALyzwLALy�!

q02 + q1

2 + q22 + q3

2 = 1 .�`<4«-;V���

�gQR?f]N? ��?f�-Q=ALyzwLALyk�¯Q=EN��Q=A��L?BEUvxw^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALy£�-wLEN{H|1?BQ=A^? %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{H|^?¡�L?BCN?BEFb¡Q=ALQR]FCFQR]N{H|^?�M#�L?BE�]FCNM0{N|tG5]FCFQR]H{N|^?��?f�-Q=ALyzwLALy b¡Q=C ��?BE�/^{NP-]FQR{N|#CFQ=yzC4; .gEFwLA^�L] (JC�%fI=QR{H|^?�� (JEN?g|LQR?BE �-QR?�#¤?BEF� ?BA^�-wLALy¡XYM5A��L?BCN?BEFb¡Q=ALQR]FCFQR]N{N|^?BA���?f�-Q=A-²yzwLALyY?BA�GJALyY?B�LEHG5{H|DC4; �Y?f�LM0{N| �¯Q=EN��GJw-_"yzEFwLA^�£�L?BEgGJI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?BA wLA^�£?BQ=A-_´G5{N|^?BA�·gGJA^�-|tGJ�LwLALyk?BQ=A^?T]FCNM0{N|tG5]FCFQ®²]N{H|^?U��?f�-Q=ALyzwLALycb¡Q=Cx?BQ=A^?Bb |^M5|^?BA .�?B�¯QR{N|#CxXY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC��)%Y; ��;

pc = 106.

Page 25:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� � �

� ���� ���¶������� � � � � � � �~�����

>lwLEU�0?BI=�^]FC`²�M0�L?BET�#Q=bSwLI=CHGJALPzGJI=Q=�LEFQR?BEFwLALy£P �5ALA^?BA %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?rW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEUQ=A��^G5]�vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]Nb�M#�L?BI=I¤?BQ=A-²yY? _�|LEFC¯� ?BEN�L?BA !

∆x = fx(x, y, z)

∆y = fy(x, y, z).

�`<z<z;=<��

�gQR? %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{H|^?BA W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�]FQ=A^� �^wLALP#CFQRM5A^?BA¶�L?BE EN?f�-w:%fQR?BEFCN?BA ��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �4;�±¤]£? ­-QR]FCFQR?BEN?BA¶?BQ=A^?#gQR?BI %'GJ|LI�XYM5AnXY?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�L?BA^?BA ��M0�L?BI=IR?BA � .�E�/LA ��<�"Y�5����� � .gE�/LA ��<�"zºz��� ;9vxI=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=AnP �5ALA^?BA1�-QR? ��M#�L?BI=IR? �¯QR?_aM5I=yzC�?BQ=ALyY?BCN?BQ=I=Cx��?BEN�L?BA !

<z;�KL|Dh-]FQ=P5GJI=QR]H{N|^?BA ��M#�L?BI=IR? GJw-_"yzEFwLA^�UXYM5ASKL|Dh-]FQ=P5GJI=QR]H{N|[GJ�LIR?BQ=CF�tGJEN?BA W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA � %Y; ��;BXYM5AS��ENM4�¯A �`<�"Y�5�����:-;�bcGJCF|^?BbcGJCFQR]N{N|^? ��M#�L?BI=IR?�M5|LA^?�KL|Dh-]FQ=PzGJI=QR]N{N|^?�5 A#CN?BEFKLEN?BCFQR?BEF�tGJEFPY?BQ=C��?%Y; ��;D�-wLEN{N|�M5EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR?gW M5I=h0A^M5b�?AtG5{N| ±��LA^?BE �`<�"Y�5����wLA^�$.gE�/LA#�`<�"zºz���¯wLA^�

d-; =xM5bS�LQ=AtGJCFQRM5A^?BA GJw^]#�`<��6wLA^� �a:�������M5�@?BQS�-QR?�yzE � 9zCN?BA vxA#CN?BQ=IR?1�-wLEN{N|�KL|#h0]NQ=P5GJI=QR]N{H|^? ��M#�L?BI=IR?�wLA^�� ?BQ=CN?BEN?TP0IR?BQ=A^?BEN?Tv�ADCN?BQ=IR?T�-wLEN{H| bcGJCF|^?BbcGJCFQR]N{H|^? ��M#�L?BI=IR?T�@?f]N{H|LEFQR?B�@?BA � ?BEN�L?BA\;

5�b W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡b � .�vgW ]FQ=A^�k_aM5I=yY?BA^�L?Tv�A^] (JC�%4?T]FQ=A^��Q=b¡KLIR?Bb�?BA#CFQR?BEFC�!

6A6 4 6 � D �C81@L@ �$8I= KL:C:$8I=?81:�� =?KL81:<;�KL8I=��$: �

>lwLE-=�M5EFEN?BP#CFwLEg�L?BEx�-EN?BQ±�IR?Bb�?BA#CN?S�L?BE�Q=ALA^?BEN?BA �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy6AtG5{H| ��ENM4�¯A��`<�"Y�5����M#�L?BE���?BhY?BE$�`<�"7"z:��¯b¡Q=C

∆xi = ∆xp −x

z∆c

∆yi = ∆yp −y

z∆c

�`<z<z;V:��

��M5�@?BQ∆xp�∆yp

8xA^�L?BEFwLALy6�L?BEx��Q=IR�-|tGJwLKLCFKLwLALP#CFI GJyY?∆c

8xA^�L?BEFwLALyc�L?BE�=TGJb¡b�?BEFPYM5A^]FCHGJADCN?z;� ��"$�&�5J�34"$���4*d*d"$�TCD"/�#6�"/!#-/!#"/�d����"�-$J�%#e�!#-$6���;�2&"$� �E�����5*d"/!#"/� ���5%EZ[J��&:�!#���4� ��6�" �n�0��"$6�69>0��"/�&�^�)"/�=FI��%#��!#-Q%1"/!#- ! "/�U��" �?�#"$���)J��&3

CD�4� �P"$�4H&�5;�2�!#J&�&35"$�L

J�� �RJ��0HA"$:4���&��!#"$� �E������*d"/!#"/�#�X

C4�5���5J�%$+L = ϕ(X). � ���P����"Q@)���5:�!#��%1; 2�"IFY��.�"$�&��J&��3���%(!P����"$%1"K:06U"/�U��"p���%(!#�U*d*d��35:D"$�B! � "�����;�2,�42��&"��P"$��"$J)!#J&�&3)N

<�"

Page 26:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ����� � �����<� ����� �������*� ������� :z«

6A6 4 3 � D �C81@L@ �$8I=�=?> �$K >A@L81:�� 8I=�� 81K��C:��$: �

��/LE��-QR?6=xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEU�L?BE�EHG5�-Q GJIR?BA #¤?BE�%4?BQR{H|LADwLALy ��?BALyzI´;@]Fh0b¡b�?BCFEFQR{SEHG5�-Q GJI��-QR]FCNM5EFCFQRM5A �xb¡Q=C��L?BA�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFAK1

�K2

wLA^�K3

AtG5{H| ��ENM4�¯A��`<�"Y�0<���M#�L?BE���ENM'�¯A �`<�"Y�5����!

∆xr = x r2K1 + x r4K2 + x r6K3

∆yr = y r2K1 + y r4K2 + y r6K3

�`<z<z;Vd��

b¡Q=Cr =

x2 + y2.

6A6 4 � � D �C81@L@ �$8I= ;�>A: �A81:<;�KL> @L81:�� 8I=���81K��C: �C: �

��/LE¯�-QR? =xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE��L?BE¯CHGJALyY?BADCFQ GJIR?BA$#¤?BE�%4?BQR{N|LADwLALy ��?BALyzI´;L�L?f{f?BADCFEFQ=ALyk�-QR]FCNM5EFCFQRM5A � b¡Q=C��L?BA£W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFAP1wLA^�

P2

AtG5{N|�� ENM'�¯A �`<�"Y�0<���M0�L?BEx��ENM4�¯A �`<�"Y�5����!

∆xd = (3x2 + y2)P1 + 2xy P2

∆yd = 2xy P1 + (3y2 + x2)P2.

�`<z<z; ���

6A6 4 � � D �C81@L@ �$8I=� 8!�*D/= � > ;�K DA: �C8I= � � � KL@ � �C: � ����� ��C8

>lwLE ±¤E`_aG5]N]NwLALyS�L?BE v��D� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA£�L?f] � Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb�] XYM5Ac�L?BE �EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJI=Q=C (JC�wLA^� .gIR?BQR{H|LbcG5]N]`²]FC (J�LQ=yzPY?BQ=C��L?BE =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAtG5{N|^]N?BA ��?BALyzI´;LQ=A-²´KLI GJA^?[�-QR]FCNM5EFCFQRM5A ��AtG5{N|���ENM4�¯A �`<�"Y�5����!

∆xf = xa1 + y a2 + xy a3 + y2 a4 + x2y a5 + xy2 a6 + x2y2 a7

∆yf = xy a8 + x2 a9 + x2y a10 + xy2 a11 + x2y2 a12.

�`<z<z;+*��

6A6 4 � D �C81@L@ �$8I=�� :C8 �O81: $81K�; �C8I= � ���CK @ � �C: � � ��� ��$8

>lwLE(±�E`_aG5]H]FwLALyg�L?BE�,�A^?B�@?BAL|^?BQ=CN?BA XYM5A v�A^�-EFw^{NP0KLI GJCFCN?�wLA^� �(Q=I=b ��?BALyzI´;�M5wLC`² MJ_"²´KLI GJA^?��-QR]FCNM5EFCFQRM5A ��wLA?&lGJCFA^?f]N] �AtG5{H| ��ENM4�¯A �`<�"Y�5����!

∆xu = (x2 − y2)sx a13 + x2y2sx a14 + (x4 − y4)sx a15

∆yu = (x2 − y2)sy a13 + x2y2sy a14 + (x4 − y4)sy a15

�`<z<z;V���

b¡Q=Csx =

x

zund sy =

y

z.

6A6 4�� � =�;�$D �ADA:C>A@L8!� � DA@ #5:CD$� :C> �� � :$8I=

±��LA^?BE �`<�"Y�5��� ]N{N|LI (JyzC %fwLE ��M0�L?BI=I=QR?BEFwLALyrXYM5Ak��Q=IR�L�L? _aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^?BA��@?BQ��L?BE�v¯?BENM5CFEFQ GJALyzwLI GJCFQRM5A£?BQ=Ak�LQ=XzGJEFQ GJCN?f]M5EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR?f]�W M5I=h0A^M5b�:-;).�EHG5�L?f]¯XYM5E�!

∆xP12 = x b1 + y b2 − 2k b3 + xy b4 + l b5 + xl b7 + yk b9 + kl b11

∆yP12 = −y b1 + x b2 + xy b3 − 2l b4 + k b6 + yk b8 + xl b10 + kl b12

�`<z<z; � �

Page 27:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ����� � �����<� ����� �������*� ������� :-<

b¡Q=Ck = x2 − 2

3b2 und l = y2 − 2

3b2

��M5�@?BQb�-QR?U�¯G5]FQR]¯Q=b ��Q=IR�-EHGJwLb QR]NC4;

�gQR? �¯G5]FQR]Q=b ��Q=IR�-EHGJwLb�QR]FC GJ�L| (JALyzQ=y�XYM5b ��Q=IR�0_aM5EFbcGJC wLA^�[��?�%4M5yY?BArGJw-_^�-QR?�e (JALyY]�/L��?BEN�L?f{NP0wLALypQ=ALA^?BEF|tGJI=�

�L?BE �(I=wLyY]FCFEN?BQ®_�?BA\;@��?BQ(?BQ=A^?BEU��Q=IR�0_aM5EFbcGJCN]N?BQ=CN?BALI (JALyY?rXYM5As = 230mm

wLA^��?BQ=A^?BE�Q=A��L?BE�v¯?BENM5CFEFQ GJALyzwLI GJCFQRM5A/L�LI=QR{H|^?Te (JALyY]�/L��?BEN�L?f{NP0wLALy6XYM5A

p = 60%?BEFyzQ=�LC�]FQR{H|£�-QR?T�¯G5]FQR]FI (JALyY? %fw

b = s(1 − p/100) = 92mm;

6A6 4�� � =�;�$D �ADA:C>A@L8!� � DA@ #5:CD$� :C> ���� =��C:

.gE�/LA#�`<�"Y�5º��¯?BEF� ?BQ=CN?BEFC�±��LA^?BEN]xv�A^]HGJC�%SGJw-_�?BQ=A W M5I=h0A^M5b �^; .�EHG5�L?f]�!

∆xP44 = x a1 + y a2 + xy a3 + l a4 −10

7k a6 + xp a7 + yk a8 + xl a9 + yq a10

+ r a15 + xy pa16 + kl a17 + xyq a18 + s a19 + yr a25 + xlp a26

+ ykq a27 + xs a28 + lr a33 + xypq a34 + ks a35 + yqr a39 + xps a40 + rs a43

∆yP44 = −y a1 + x a2 −10

7l a3 + k a5 + xy a6 + xp a11 + yk a12 + xl a13 + yq a14

+ r a20 + xyp a21 + kl a22 + xyq a23 + s a24 + yr a29 + xlp a30

+ ykq a31 + xs a32 + lr a36 + xypq a37 + ks a38 + yqr a41 + xps a42 + rs a44

�`<z<z;Vº��

b¡Q=Ck = x2 − 1

2b2, l = y2 − 1

2b2, p = x2 − 17

20b2, q = y2 − 17

20b2,

r = x2(x2 − 31

28b2) +

9

70b4 und s = y2(y2 − 31

28b2) +

9

70b4.

6A6 4�� � � � � � D �C81@L@

5�b¡KLIR?Bb�?BADCHGJCFQRM5A��L?BExvxA^]}GJC�%4?f]¯AtG5{N|�� ENM'�¯A �`<�"Y�5����Q=b � /LA^�L?BI=KLENM5yzEHGJb¡b .�vgW � ����?BhY?BE�� <�"7"z:���!

∆x = ∆xp −x

z∆c − x sx + y a + x r2K1 + x r4K2 + x r6K3 + (r2 + 2x2)P1 + 2xyP2

∆y = ∆yp −y

z∆c + x a + y r2K1 + y r4K2 + y r6K3 + 2xyP1 + (r2 + 2y2)P2

�`<z<z;+"��

��M5�@?BQsx

��G 9Y]FCHGJ�LKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEgQ=A�­a

�0{H|^?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE4;

6A6 4�� �����';�=?>A@LK � � � D �$81@L@

5�b¡KLIR?Bb�?BADCHGJCFQRM5A��L?BExvxA^]}GJC�%4?f]¯AtG5{N|�� ENM'�¯A �`<�"Y�5����Q=b��0MJ_�C ��GJEN?BKtGJPY?BCgv�w^]FCFEHGJI=QR]� � �^EHG5]N?BE��\<�"7"Y� ��!

∆x = ∆xp −x

z∆c + x r2K1 + x r4K2 + x r6K3 + (r2 + 2x2)P1 + 2xyP2 + b1x + b2y

∆y = ∆yp −y

z∆c + y r2K1 + y r4K2 + y r6K3 + 2xyP1 + (r2 + 2y2)P2

�`<z<z;=<4«��

o ��"$��"/���56?FI�&�56B'0!#��;��56��x�4%1�B!#���4���U��3 � ��� �)"$6�@��#�43����5*d*q�)"$% � ��%(!#��!#J)!#%�Z��)� ��"/�0�&e5%1��"lJ&�&� �X2&��!#�435����*d*d"/!1�#��"4>�m ��j�� �)�#�U;�2?Nt�FYJ&%(!1���56���%x��%(!X"$��� �X�#�535���5*d*d@&�5:D" !x-$J)�E@&2��5!#�43����5*d*d"/!1�#��%1;�2&"$�lFYJ&%(.P"/�1!#J&��3��)�U35�B!��56�"/� �P��6U��"/�EZ ���Ei��520HA"/�#"$��;�2&%#���0.P"$� �)J&��34"$���"/�KpI�&��CD"/�#%1�B!�'s��Z �n"$6�HA�4J)�#�&"4N

Page 28:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ����� � �����<� ����� �������*� ������� :z:

��M5�@?BQb1

��G 9Y]FCHGJ�LKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEgQ=A�­b2

�0{H|^?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE4;�gQR?�5�b¡KLIR?Bb�?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY?BA~Q=A .�vgW wLA^� vxw^]NCFEHGJI=QR]6]FQ=A^�µ?BC ��G5]kwLADCN?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�-I=QR{N|\;�.�vgW XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC��-QR?�W�G�²EHGJb�?BCN?BE

sxwLA^�

awLA^� vxw^]NCFEHGJI=QR]��-QR?£W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

b1

wLA^�b2

����M5�@?BQ −sx = b1

GJ�@?BEa 6= b2

QR]FC4;¤��?BQR�L?W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEN] (JC�%4?S]NQ=A^��GJIR]HM¡?BC ��G5]xwLADCN?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�-I=QR{N|�wLA^�k_ /L|LEN?BA£]HM5b¡Q=C %fw�IR?BQR{H|DC�wLADCN?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�-I=QR{N|^?BA�±�EFyY?B�LALQR]`²]N?BA\;�gQR?k?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?BA ��M0�L?BI=IR?6P �5ALA^?BA b¡Q=CN?BQ=AtGJA^�L?BE¡PYM5b[�LQ=ALQR?BEFC¡� ?BEN�L?BA\;��UGJ�@?BQ�QR]FC6%fw �@?4G5{H|DCN?BA ���^G5]N]r?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE[b�?B|LE`_´G5{N|�GJw-_�CFEN?BCN?BA�P �5ALA^?BA\;�gQR? /L��?BE'& /^]N]FQ=yY?BA W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE¡]FQ=A^���^GJALA�Q=b�XYM5EHGJw^] �-wLEN{N| ?BADC`²]FKLEN?f{H|^?BA^�L?6.�?B�¯QR{H|DCFwLALy %fw ?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEN?BA �

σi = σmin,u� ;

��/LET�-QR? %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{H|^?BApW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BESQR]FCT?BQ=Ap�#Q=yzALQ >^PzGJA:%fCN?f]FCSM5�LI=Q=yDGJCNM5EFQR]N{H|\; 5�b %f� ?BQR]N?BQ=CFQ=yY?BA Z?f]FCT_ /LEU�L?BA1yY? ²]N{H| (JC�%fCN?BA£W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

XiQR]NC��-QR? ��wLI=I=|Dh0K�M5CF|^?f]N?

H0

!ξi − ξ0,i = 0

wLA^��vxI=CN?BEFAtGJCFQ=X0|Dh0K@M5CF|^?f]H?H1

!ξi 6= ξ0,i

;�gQR?UW�E�/-_�yzE � 9Y?TQR]FC�!

t =Xi − ξ0,i

σi.

�`<z<z;=<z<����?BE�v��LIR?B|LADwLALyY]F��?BEN?BQR{N|��@?BCFE (JyzC

|t| > tf,1−α/2

�`<z<z;=<4:��wLA^���L?BExv�ALAtGJ|Lb�?B��?BEN?BQR{N|

|t| ≤ tf,1−α/2.�`<z<z;=<4d��

tf,1−α/2

QR]NC �^G5] ]Nh#b¡b�?BCFEFQR]N{H|^?�¸�wtGJA#CFQ=I@�L?BE C`² #¤?BEFCN?BQ=I=wLALy[��?BQf�^EN?BQ=|^?BQ=CN]FyzEHG5�L?BA�wLA^�c?BQ=A^?BE ³�GJ|LEN]H{N|^?BQ=ALI=QR{N|-²

PY?BQ=C1 − α

; ��/LEf > 30

P5GJALA�Q=A yzwLCN?BE���(J|^?BEFwLALy6�^G5]�¸�wtGJADCFQ=It∞,1−α/2

yY?B� (J|LI=C�� ?BEN�L?BA\;ZEFQQP@C��`<z<z;=<4:�� %fwrQR]FC

H0

%fwrXY?BEF� ?BE`_a?BA �z�9; |\;5�L?BE�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE¤QR]FC�]FQ=yzALQ >^PzGJADC4;zv�A^�L?BEFA-_aGJI=IR]�QR]NCH0

GJA:%fwLA^?B|Lb�?BA ��9; |\;L�L?BExW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEgQR]FC¯ALQR{N|#C�]FQ=yzALQ >^PzGJADC4;�gQR?UW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE���?BEN�L?BA£AtG5{N| _�M5I=yY?BA^�L?BA ¬�?ByY?BI=A£yY?BPY?BALA:%4?BQR{N|LA^?BC�!R1

!0 < σi < σmin

�L�L?BE�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEgQR]FC�?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFC�M0�L?BE�_a?f]FC$� ��� ��� � ����� ���$� ;R2

!σi ≥ σmin ∧ H0 verwerfen

�L�L?BExW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEgQR]FC�]FQ=yzALQ >^PzGJADC � ������� � ����� �� � ;R3

!σi ≥ σmin ∧ H0 annehmen

�L�L?BE�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�QR]FC¯ALQR{N|#C�]FQ=yzALQ >^PzGJADC � � ��� ����� ��� �������� � ;

Page 29:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� � �

� ���p� � ��� � ��� � � ����� ����� � ��� � ��� �������

� �p����� �p����� �����

��?BQt�-Q=EN?BP0CN?BE ��?fM5�tG5{N|#CFwLALyY?BA��L?BE ±�IR?Bb�?BA#CN?��L?BE (Jw:9Y?BEN?BA �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy��A%Y; ��;Y��?fM5�tG5{N|#CN?BCN?�=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?BEW�ENMJOF?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BADCFEN?BA ��W Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^?BA �cGJw^] .�W �D²0��?f]N]FwLALyY?BA M0�L?BEc��?fM5�tG5{N|#CN?BCN?�e GJyY?B�¯Q=ALPY?BIg�L?BE =TGJb�?BEHG�GJw^]5��$,x²0��?f]N]FwLALyY?BA ��P �5ALA^?BA��-QR?�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE b¡Q=CT?BQ=A^?BES?BADCN]FKLEN?f{H|^?BA^�L?BA �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALy

σi?BQ=ALyY? _ /L|LEFC

M0�L?BE�_�?f]NCFyY?B|tGJI=CN?BA ��?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFC ����?BEN�L?BA Q=A^�L?Bbσi = σmin,u

yY?f]N?BC�%fC¯�¯Q=EN�9;Q�±�A#C ��?f�L?BE£I=QR?ByY?BA ADwLE��-QR?�W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]N�^GJCN?BA��aGJw^]2.�W��D²0��?f]N]NwLALyY?BA �6XYM5E-N bcGJA~]FKLEFQR{N|#C GJw^{N| XYM5A - ) ��� �,&,��� ���*� �, 1. �, ����� ,���� � 3 � ��������CN M0�L?BE\?f]9I=QR?ByY?BA[W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]`²twLA^�SeGJyY?f�^GJCN?BA �aGJw^] .UW �D²twLA^� 5��$,x²0��?f]N]FwLALyY?BA �XYM5E N Q=A£�-QR?f]H?Bb �tGJI=I]FKLEFQR{H|DC�XYM5A����! ����"� �, �- ���� ��!(��, L�,��*���, 83 ��z;�gQR?gW Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]H�^GJCN?BA£]FQ=A^�cQ=Ak��?BQR�L?BA ��(JI=IR?BA£GJw-_ �^G5]�W�ENMJOF?BP#CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEFwLb �L?BE =TGJb�?BEHGSEN?f�-w:%fQR?BEFC4; � �gQR?�5 � ,QR]FC�b�?BQR]FC¯�-Q=EN?BP0C¯b¡Q=C��L?BE-=TGJb�?BEHGrXY?BEF�LwLA^�L?BA£wLA^���-QR?U±�­?%4?BADCFEFQ %fQ=C (JC %fwLb W�ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEFwLb �L?BE-=TGJb�? ²EHG£P5GJALApyY?Bb�?f]N]N?BA M#�L?BErGJw^][�L?BA =xM5A^]FCFEFwLP0CFQRM5A^]N�^GJCN?BA GJ�LyY?BIR?BQ=CN?BCr� ?BEN�L?BA\;��gQR?ceGJyY?f�^GJCN?BA���?�%fQR?B|^?BA ]FQR{N|GJw-_¤�^G5]�5 � ,�² ��M0�-hD²¹�#h-]FCN?Bb£;l�g?BEg¬�QR{H|DCFwLALyY]FwLA#CN?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�1M0�L?BE*�t?B|LI GJw^]FEFQR{N|#CFwLALy � + � &*��� � ��%+9�,�� �� $+ � &*�� �����,�� �������� � %f�¯QR]N{N|^?BAn�L?Bb � Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^]Fh-]FCN?Bb �L?BE�=TGJb�?BEHG6wLA^���L?Bb 5�� ,�² ��M0�-hD²¹�#h-]FCN?Bb PzGJALA�Q=A��L?BE� /LA^�L?BI GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALykb¡Q=C��@?f]NCFQ=b¡bSC���?BEN�L?BA\;�#h-]FCN?BbcGJCFQR]N{H|^?�v��D��?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA�Q=Aµ�L?BA W�ENMJOF?BP#CFQRM5A^] %4?BADCFEN?BA

Xo, Yo, Zo� ?BEN�L?BA~�-wLEN{N|~?BQ=A^?�W Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5E`²

EN?BP0CFwLE∆ ~Xo(t)

?BE`_aG5]H]FC4;�vxAtGJIRM5y!%fwLE�W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE�PzGJALA GJw^{N| ?BQ=A^?�eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE∆~a(t)

�L?B>^ALQR?BEFC��?BEN�L?BA �(�-QR?kGJw-_��-QR?c�gEN?B|#�¯Q=ALPY?BI

ω, ϕ, κ�¯Q=EFP#C4;(�gQR?6ZEHGJA^]`_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy��a:-;=<��S�¯Q=EN�p?BA#CN]FKLEN?f{N|^?BA^�

?BEF��?BQ=CN?BEFC�!~X = ~Xo + ∆ ~Xo(t) + λR(ω + ∆ω(t), ϕ + ∆ϕ(t), κ + ∆κ(t))~p.

�`<4:-;=<���gQR? %4?BQ=CHGJ�L| (JALyzQ=yY?BA!=xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEFK@M5I=h0A^M5b�? ]FQ=A^���-wLEN{N|�wLAtGJ�L| (JALyzQ=yY?SW(M5I=h#A^M5b�?[A-²´CN?BA .gEHG5�L?f]gGJIR]$�LwLALP0CFQRM5A�L?f]���?BI=QR{H|DCFwLALyY]�%4?BQ=CFKLwLALP0CN?f]

t�L?B>^ALQR?BEFC�!

f(t) = a0 + a1t + . . . + antn.�`<4:-;V:��

��?BQR]FCN?BA^]U��?BEN�L?BA �-QR?�W(M5I=h0A^M5b�?6GJw-_��L?BA <z; .gEHG5���"I=Q=A^?4GJE �UM0�L?BE[:-; .gEHG5��� @DwtG5�-EHGJCFQR]N{H| ����?f]N{N|LE (JALP0C4;�gQR?#¤?BEF��?BA^�-wLALySXYM5A�W(M5I=h#A^M5b�?BAc�L?f] .gEHG5�L?f]

n > 3QR]FC�� ?BALQ=yT]FQ=ALA#XYM5I=It�^G��-QR?f]N?¯W(M5I=h#A^M5b�?-%fwLb vxw^]N]H{N|D�¯Q=ALyY?BA

A^?BQ=yY?BA\;�#�O��"TWI�52 ����!#"$� �)"/��� � w0���n"$%1%1J��&34"/� 7 �X%1"$J �)�5��P�0��" �QJ&�&� �Qe534" �#@&2 ��%1"$��� �n"/%1%1J&�&35"$� HA"$-$��"$2&"/� %1��;�2 �5J�ZP�&��% �X2 ��%1"$�&-$"/���

!1�#J&* ��"/� � � w0��FY�0!#"/�&�&"5> .Qe�2��#"$�&� %1��;�2 �)�U" � �npI���n"$%1%1J��&35"$� 7�Y� �)"/�#J&��34"$� ��" �b6��U��"����lJ�� � � ���&:D"/6�� �P"/%1; 2�6U"/J&�&��35J&�&35"$�A<I�5J�Z�&��% � �npI� �P�0�0'0�(w�')%(!#"$* HA"/-$��"$2&"$�gN4���U"�� �Pw��?J�� � � �npY� �n"/%1%1J&�&35"$�R.P"/����"/�V*d"$��%(!#"$��%E-$J&CD���E���V"$����"$* � ���#CD"/�����#HA"$�B!#J&�&35%1%1; 2)�#�B!1!79-4N �IN��l�56�*`�5�)� � ��6B!#"/� <P:D�5*VH��U����"/�1!�No/�O��"lm �)-$"$��!1�#��-$�B!�e�!I-/.K��%1; 2�"$� ��"$* �E�#� �("$:�!#���4��%1-$"$��!1�#J&* ��" �I�l��*d"/���VJ�� �n�)"$% �=2&�5%1"$��-$"$��!1�#J&*d%K�)"/� � �Pw�� FY��!#"$�&��"^7 �x�4%1�B�!#���4�&%1���8%1"/! <P.K�B���nCD�5�Y�)"/� � 6�J&34*d��%1%1���4�,��J��#;�2 ��2�"$�0���56���!#*d"/%1%1J&�&35"$�,HA"$%(!#��*d*T!�N

:zd

Page 30:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ������� ���� ��� ��3��� � �*�� � ��� ���� � ��� ����� ��� ��� � ��� ��� ������� � ��� :J�

�gQR?gW Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]F²�wLA^��eGJyY?f�^GJCN?BA£]NQ=A^�kGJw-_ �-QR? .�W��D²¹>@?BQ=CFKLwLALP#CN?ti��?�%4M5yY?BA\; v�IR]�¬x? _a?BEN?BA:% %4?BQ=CFKLwLALP#C

t0�¯Q=EN�

�-QR?�P0IR?BQ=A^]FCN? .�W��D²¹>@?BQ=C�XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC�!t0 = min(t1, t2, . . . , tn).

�`<4:-;Vd���gQR? =xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEFK�M5I=h#A^M5b�?[]N?BI=�^]FCx]FQ=A^�£GJw-_��L?BA�>@?BQ=CFwLA#CN?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�$%fwLb ¬x? _a?BEN?BA:% %4?BQ=CFKLwLALP0Cx��?�%4M5yY?BA !

∆t = t − t0.�`<4:-; ���

�gQR? =xM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEFK�M5I=h#A^M5b�?T_ /LEx�-QR?UW(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]N�^GJCN?BAXo, Yo, Zo

]FQ=A^��?BA#CN]FKLEN?f{N|^?BA^���`<4:-;V:����L?B>^ALQR?BEFCg�-wLEN{N|

∆Xo = aXo

0+ aXo

1∆t + . . . + aXo

n ∆tn

∆Yo = aYo

0+ aYo

1∆t + . . . + aYo

n ∆tn

∆Zo = aZo

0+ aZo

1∆t + . . . + aZo

n ∆tn

�`<4:-;+*��

��M5�@?BQaXo

0, aXo

1, . . . aXo

nW Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEg_ /LE

Xo

aYo

0, aYo

1, . . . aYo

nW Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEg_ /LE

Yo

aZo

0, aZo

1, . . . aZo

n

W Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEg_ /LEZo;

v�AtGJIRM5y %fwLExW(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE�QR]FC��-QR?Ue GJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE��L?B>^ALQR?BEFCx�-wLEN{N|

∆a1 = aa1

0+ aa1

1∆t + . . . + aa1

n ∆tn

∆a2 = aa2

0+ aa2

1∆t + . . . + aa2

n ∆tn

∆a3 = aa3

0+ aa3

1∆t + . . . + aa3

n ∆tn

�`<4:-;V���

��M5�@?BQaa1

0, aa1

1, . . . aa1

n

eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�_ /LEa1

aa2

0, aa2

1, . . . aa2

n

eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�_ /LEa2

aa3

0, aa3

1, . . . aa3

neGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�_ /LE

a3

;�gQR?¡eGJyY?BKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

a1, a2, a3

]FQ=A^�1�^GJ��?BQ ?BQ=A^?¡��?BI=QR?B�LQ=yY?cW�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy�b¡Q=C[d�¬�M5CHGJCFQRM5A^]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA\;��/LE GJA^�L?BEN?�W�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALyY?BA�b¡Q=C¤b�?B|LE W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA6yzQ=I=C¤�-QR?f]H?f]¤ALQR{N|#C��D�^Gg|LQR?BE¤A^?B��?BAc�L?BAcv��L| (JALyzQ=yzPY?BQ®²CN?BA6%f�¯QR]N{N|^?BA¡�L?BA¡¬xM5CHGJCFQRM5A^]NKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA¡� ?BQ=CN?BEN?�vx�L| (JALyzQ=yzPY?BQ=CN?BA %f�¯QR]H{N|^?BA��L?BAreGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA��?f]FCN?B|^?BA\;

t �P"/�P�)"/� � �Pw���FIJ&%(.P"/�1!#J&��3c.K�B��� CD"/�1Z[�52)�#"$�&%1HA"��)���&35! �&"/HA"$� �)"/� �x�4%1�B!#���4�X, Y, Z

>x�)�U" �8"$�B!t��* � � w0� �A"$�B!#%(')%(!#"$*

HA"$%(!#��*d*R!�N)mX%K�U%(!I���52&" �K� �52�"$6���"$34"$�&�,����"$%1" �A"$�B!#����Z_�5�#*`��!#���5�r-$JnCD" �1.�"$�&��"$�gN

Page 31:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� � �

� ����� ��� � ������

�gQR? �!%E�, L�cwLA^� � 3 �1�, L� � ����+-�*�� ��)& 0��'�&- �,�� 3 � �����,���U�L?BES� /LA^�L?BI GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy�]NQ=A^� %fw1wLADCN?BEN]N{H|^?BQR�L?BA\; �gQR?Q=ALA^?BEN? .U?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=CTQR]FCUADwLE ?BQ=A ��G 9£�^G�_ /LE��9Q=An�¯QR?¡yzwLCT�^G5]U_"wLALP0CFQRM5AtGJIR? ��M#�L?BI=I¤�-QR?¡XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BCN?BAp�UGJCN?BAb�M0�L?BI=I=QR?BEFC4;±�EN]NC �-QR? (Jw:9Y?BEN? .�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=Cr?BEFI GJwL�LC ?BQ=A^?cwLAtGJ�L| (JALyzQ=yY?�vxw^]N]}GJyY? /L��?BES�-QR? .�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=C����^G|LQR?BE`_ /LE¯wLAtGJ�L| (JALyzQ=yY?[? ­-CN?BEFA^?U³1?BEFCN? �^�-QR? =�M5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0CN? �@XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BCx��?BEN�L?BA\;

6� 4 6 � :$:C8I=?8 � 81:C> �$K �/HA81K�;

�gQR?6Q=ALA^?BEN?�.�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=C¡�¯Q=EN� GJw^]¡�L?BA Q=ADCN?BEFA^?BA�³1?BEFCN?BA �L?BE¡vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALy�� �L?BE¡G�K�Mz]FCN?BEFQRM5EFQ��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�0²GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALy��L?BE .U?B�¯QR{N|DCN]H?BQ=AL|^?BQ=CSwLA^�n�L?BE =xMJ_´GJP#CNM5EFbcGJCFEFQ®­ �GJ�LyY?BIR?BQ=CN?BC4; #¤?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�L?BA^? .U?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=CN]FbcG 9Y?P �5ALA^?BA�GJ�LyY?BIR?BQ=CN?BC�� ?BEN�L?BA\;l��QR?g_aM5I=yY?BA^�L?BA .gE � 9Y?BA�]FQ=A^��Q=b W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡b�Q=b¡KLIR?Bb�?BADCFQR?BEFC�!

� ��QR?S�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{H|DwLALy�_ /LE�?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?6 ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA !

σX = σ0

√qXX , σY = σ0

√qY Y , σZ = σ0

√qZZ

�`<4d-;=<��� M5��?BQσ0

G K�Mz]FCN?BEFQRM5EFQ(�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALy �L?BE�.�?B�¯QR{H|DCN]N?BQ=AL|^?BQ=CqXX

�qY Y�qZZ

>lwLyY?B| �5EFQ=yY?[±�IR?Bb�?BADCN?[�L?BE =xMJ_´GJP#CNM5EFbcGJCFEFQ®­Qxx

;� ��G5] ��G�­-Q=bSwLb �L?BE��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALy£�L?BEx?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?BA�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�!

σX,max�σY,max

�σZ,max

;� ��QR?�b¡Q=CFCFIR?BEN? �"Q=ALA^?BEN?��-.�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=C �aGfXY?BEHGJyY?TKLEN?f{BQR]NQRM5A ��!

σX =

∑nX

i=1σX

nX, σY =

∑nY

i=1σY

nY, σZ =

∑nZ

i=1σZ

nZ

�`<4d-;V:��

� M5��?BQnX�nY�nZ

v�A:%'GJ|LI�L?BE� ��-OF?BP#CFKLwLALP0CFPYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA\;

6� 4 3 ����� 8I=E8 � 81:$> �$K�AHA81K�;

�gQR? (Jw:9Y?BEN?�yY?fM5b�?BCFEFQR]H{N|^? .�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=C�?BEFyzQ=�LC¯]FQR{H|�GJw^]��L?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^�-QQP9?BEN?BA:%4?BA£Q=A��L?BA =�M5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#²CN?BA !

∆X = X∗ − X, ∆Y = Y ∗ − Y, ∆Z = Z∗ − Z�`<4d-;Vd��

:7*

Page 32:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ������� � � � ��������� � � ��� � :z�

��M5�@?BQX∗�Y ∗�Z∗

�0M5I=I®²0=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?BE-=�M5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0CN?X�Y�Z

yY?f]H{N| (JC�%fCN? =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?BE =xM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#CN?z;v�w^]\�-QR?f]N?BA ��QQP9?BEN?BA:%4?BASP �5ALA^?BA[XY?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�L?BA^?-.�?BAtGJwLQ=yzPY?BQ=CN]NbcG 9Y?�GJ�LyY?BIR?BQ=CN?BC(� ?BEN�L?BA\;J�gQR?�_�M5I=yY?BA^�L?BA .gE � 9Y?BA]FQ=A^��Q=b W¤ENM5yzEHGJb¡b Q=b¡KLIR?Bb�?BA#CFQR?BEFC�!

� ��QR?U?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^�-QQP�?BEN?BA:%4?BA !∆X�∆Y�∆Z

;� ��QR?�bcG�­-Q=bcGJIR?BA�GJ�^]HM5I=wLCN?BA�=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA^�-QQP�?BEN?BA:%4?BA ! |∆X|max

� |∆Y |max� |∆Z|max

;� ��QR?�b¡Q=CFCFIR?BEN?BA��gQQP�?BEN?BA:%4?BA£Q=A��L?BA�=xM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#CN?BA !

∆X =

∑nX

i=1∆X

nX, ∆Y =

∑nY

i=1∆Y

nY, ∆Z =

∑nZ

i=1∆Z

nZ

�`<4d-; ���� M5��?BQnX�nY�nZ

v�A:%'GJ|LI�L?BE-=xM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA\;� ��QR?�b¡Q=CFCFIR?BEN?BA @DwtG5�-EHGJCFQR]H{N|^?BA��gQQP9?BEN?BA:%4?BA ��¬ �n� ��!

µX =

∑nX

i=1∆X2

nX, µY =

∑nY

i=1∆Y 2

nY, µZ =

∑nZ

i=1∆Z2

nZ.

�`<4d-;+*��

Page 33:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� ���

� � �p������� �p�I� � ���

��?BE�=xM5EFEN?BI GJCFQRM5A^]NPYM#?8' %fQR?BA#C %f��?BQR?BE W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BErij

�@?BEN?f{H|LA^?BC ]FQR{H|6GJw^]¤�L?BAc±¤IR?Bb�?BADCN?BA��L?BE�=xMJ_´GJP#CNM5EFbcGJCFEFQ®­Qxx

b¡Q=Crij =

qij√qii

√qjj

.�`<B�^;=<��

5¹]FC��L?BE�v��^]NM5I=wLCF��?BCFEHGJyk�L?f]�=xM5EFEN?BI GJCFQRM5A^]FPYM0?8' %fQR?BADCN?BA�yzE � 9Y?BEgGJIR]�« �Vºc]NM5I=I=CN?BA��-QR? %f� ?BQ�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEU]N?B|LExP#EFQ®²CFQR]N{H|��@?BCFEHG5{H|DCN?BCT��?BEN�L?BA �9�^G3%f�¯QR]H{N|^?BAn��?BQR�L?BA1W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA1b �5yzI=QR{H|^?BEF� ?BQR]N?6?BQ=A�>lw^]HGJb¡b�?BAL|tGJALy��@?f]NCN?B|DC4;>l�¯QR]N{H|^?BA��L?BA ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�wLA^� �L?BA W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA �L?BE (Jw:9Y?BEN?BA �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy�]FQ=A^�p|^M5|^? =�M5EFEN?BI G�²CFQRM5Anb�?BQR]FCSALQR{N|DC %fw1XY?BEFb�?BQR�L?BA\;�UGJyY?ByY?BA ]NM5I=I=CN?BA1|^M5|^? =�M5EFEN?BI GJCFQRM5A^?BAp��?BQ¤�L?BA %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{H|^?BA W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFAXY?BEFb¡QR?f�L?BA£��?BEN�L?BA �^Q=A^�L?Bb�?BQ=A^?BEx�L?BE�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFCx�¯Q=EN�9;

:Y�

Page 34:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� � �

� � � � � � � � ������� ����� � �� ��� � �

�gQR?�W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡b�?BQ=A-²�wLA^�pGJw^]NyDGJ�@?�?BE`_aM5I=yzC /L��?BETb�?B|LEN?BEN?6Z? ­-CN�^GJCN?BQR?BApQ=b � U�D²gM#�L?BE , ��5���² �^M5EFbcGJC4;�gQR?�UGJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?BA^?BEF� ?BQ=CN?BEFwLALy�PzGJALA2%fwLE�=U?BALA:%4?BQR{N|LADwLALy�XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC���?BEN�L?BA �t�¯Q=EN��GJ�@?BExXYM5b W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡b ]N?BI=�^]FCALQR{H|DCxXY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC4;tv�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A£yzQ=I=C�!

v�I=IR?U�UGJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?BA�]FQ=A^��_"EN?BQ9� (J|LI=�tGJE4;

�gQR?�Z ? ­0CN�^GJCN?BQR?BA�?BADCF|tGJI=CN?BAkXY?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�L?BA^?g±�Q=ALyDGJ��? _�?BIR�L?BE4;#�gQR?�±�Q=ALyDGJ��? _�?BIR�L?BE�]FQ=A^���-wLEN{H|�>l�¯QR]N{H|^?BALEHGJwLb %4?BQ®²{H|^?BA���XYM5A^?BQ=AtGJA^�L?BESyY?BCFEN?BALADC4;\�gQR?¡±�Q=ALyDGJ��? _�?BIR�L?BEU��?BEN�L?BA�?BADCN]NKLEN?f{N|^?BA^���L?f]U?BEF��GJEFCN?BCN?BA��UGJCN?BADC�h#K^]SQ=ADCN?BE`²KLEN?BCFQR?BEFC4;^�gQR?T±¤Q=ALyDGJ�@?f�^GJCN?BA�P �5ALA^?BA�_�M5I=yY?BA^�L?6C������:%f�T;l�0Z¯e�² �UGJCN?BADC�h#K�?BA�]N?BQ=A !�UGJCN?BADC�h#K v��LP /LE�%fwLALy C����U°z�0Z¯epZ h#K ��?BQR]FKLQR?BI�LQ=A (JEN? >lw^]NC (JA^�L? � �@M0M5I � �yDGJA:%4?[>�GJ|LIR?BA Q Q=ADC � � �������LM5KLK�?BI=CFyY?BAtGJw^?6.gIR?BQ=CFKLwLALP0C�%'GJ|LIR?BA � �LM5wL�LIR? ��� ����� ����� �������>@?BQR{N|^?BALPY?BCFCN?BA ] {N|tGJE�� � �^]FCFEFQ=ALy �� � ���������.�?BA^?BEN?BI=I@?BE`_�M5I=yzC �^G5] e\?f]N?BAk�L?BE �UGJCN?BADC�h#K�?BAcAtG5{H|k�L?BA C¯°7C����x² ¬x?ByY?BI=A\;0� Q=A (JEN?�>lw^]FC (JA^�L?���?BEN�L?BAk�-wLEN{H|����M"P ��wLA^� � ��M5A ��wLADCN?BEN]H{N|LQR?f�L?BA\;>@?BQR{N|^?BALPY?BCFCN?BA1�?/LE`_a?BAl°�P �5ALA^?BA�PY?BQ=A^? >l�¯QR]N{H|^?BALEHGJwLb %4?BQR{N|^?BA�?BA#CF|tGJI=CN?BA\;³1?BALA¡?BE`_aM5EN�L?BEFI=QR{N|�P �5ALA^?BA %fwLE�³1M5EFCFCFEN?BALADwLALy �L?BE�,xA#CN?BEN]FCFEFQR{N|"!��"wLA^�L?BEN]H{fM5EN?��(M#�L?BE��^G5]���Q=ADw^]`²¹>@?BQR{H|^?BA#��"b¡Q=A#w^] �(XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC�� ?BEN�L?BA\; =TGJALA6�L?BE �UGJCN?BA#C h0KcALQR{N|#C yY?BIR?f]H?BA�� ?BEN�L?BAk?BE`_�M5I=yzC ?BQ=A6W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡bcGJ�L�LEFw^{N|�b¡Q=C?BA#CN]FK@?f{H|^?BA^�L?BE �^?B|LIR?BEFb�?BIR�-wLALy��-�¯QR?xwLA^�6� Mr�L?BE��^?B|LIR?BE�GJw-_"yY?BCFEN?BCN?BA�QR]FC4;#��QR?�5�A-_�M5EFbcGJCFQRM5AkQ=Ak�L?BE�Z? ­-CN�^GJCN?BQ?BA^�L?BC�b¡Q=C��L?Bb ��GJCN?BQR?BA^�L? ��± �� ��M0�L?BE¯b¡Q=Cx�L?Bb��0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=� M5EFC ���%$&� ����$c;

v¯{N|#CFwLALy �l±¤]x?BE`_�M5I=yzC�PY?BQ=A�·xQ=A#� ?BQR]���?BALA��-QR?U±�Q=ALyDGJ��?f�^GJCN?BA wLA#XYM5I=IR]FC (JA^�-Q=yyY?BIR?f]N?BA£�¯wLEN�L?BA\;lZ�Q=KLK !^�UGJ|^?BE�GJIR]�?BEN]FCN?f]��-QR?TwLADCN?BE"' ��$ �� ����� �

GJALyY?ByY?B�@?BA^?[vxA:%'GJ|LI�L?BE�?BQ=ALyY?BIR?f]H?BA^?BA ��-OF?BP#CN? /L��?BEFKLE�/-_a?BA\;

 ¡s§B!D��$4!)( ��G5][� /LA^�L?BI=KLENM5yzEHGJb¡b XY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC[_ /LE �-QR?��UGJCN?BA^M5EFyDGJALQR]HGJCFQRM5A �@?f]FCFQ=b¡b[CN? ��-OF?BP0CN?z; 8�|LALI=QR{N|^? ��-O`?BP0CN?�]FQ=A^���-wLEN{N| ?BQ=A^?�yY?Bb�?BQ=A^]HGJb�?2=�I G5]N]H?��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC���%Y; ��;�� Q=IR�-KLwLALP0CN? � ��-OF?BP0CFKLwLALP#CN? ����Q=IR�L?BE��=TGJb�?BEHG5]�� (Jw:9Y?BEN? �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyY?BA�wLA^� �?(JC�%4?TXYM5A2%fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?BA�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA\;

� 1*( >lwLE =U?BALA:%4?BQR{N|LADwLALy��L?BE ��-O`?BP0CN?r� ?BEN�L?BA 5���]���?BALyzI´;�QR�L?BADCFQ >t?BE �gXY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC4; 5�ALA^?BEF|tGJI=�1?BQ=A^?BE =�I G5]N]N?bSw:9£�-QR? 5�� ?BQ=A^�L?BwLCFQ=y£]N?BQ=A\;��gQR? 5���]U]FQ=A^��yY?BA^?BEN?BI=I GJIR]S�0Z¯e�²¹>@?BQR{H|^?BALPY?BCFCN?BA ��]FCFEFQ=ALy��xQ=b¡KLIR?Bb�?BA#CFQR?BEFC4;±¤]¯� ?BEN�L?BA�GJw^]N�-E�/^{NP0I=QR{N|�PY?BQ=A^?TW�wLALP0CFADwLb¡b�?BEFA�_ /LE��-QR? =U?BALA:%4?BQR{N|LADwLALy�XYM5A W¤wLALP#CN?BA£XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC4;

� w�!��5� ������� � .K��%1; 2�"/���5J�*d-$"$��; 2�"$��7[.K2&�B!#"V%1@&�5;$"$%�< +?fg"$"/�#-$"$��;�2&"$��79H&6U���&:�< > �x�5H�J&6U��!#���d7[!��5H < > � " �1!#�U:5�56B� �x��H&J&6U��!#�5�d79CD" �1!#�U;$�56!��5H < > �A"$��6�"$��!1�#"$�&��"/�T79�&"/.K6����&"�< >Aw0"$�B!#"$�0CD�5�#%1;�20J&H 7[Z[�5�#*^Z_"$"��&< > � �534"/�����&;�:06U�5J�Z�79;����1�#�U��35"O�#"/!#J��#� < N

:zº

Page 35:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � :7"

1�,-$4!0�7lo�)l,^� �"24,-$'�"7l� ( >lwLE-#¤?BEN?BQ=A-_´G5{N|DwLALy��L?BEx�UGJCN?BA^M5EFyDGJALQR]HGJCFQRM5A�P �5ALA^?BA �-QR? ��-OF?BP#CN?[GJw-_(XY?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�L?BA^?��GJCN?BQR?BA XY?BEFCN?BQ=I=C�� ?BEN�L?BA\;

�gQR?�Q=b _aM5I=yY?BA^�L?BA Z? ­-C�yY?�%4?BQ=yzCN?BA���?BQR]NKLQR?BIR�^GJCN?BQR?BA ��?B>^A^�L?BA ]FQR{N|�Q=b #¤?BE�%4?BQR{N|LALQR] ��� �%$&����� �� �� ��� ����� �U; �

6 4 6 � DA:�� � � =?> ;�KLD : � � ��� =EDGF%8IHJ; � � > ;�81K

�gQR?3=�M5A?>^yzwLEHGJCFQRM5A^]`²TM#�L?BE W�ENMJOF?BP#C`² �UGJCN?BQ �`; { _"y�M#�L?BEk; KLE�O ��_aG5]H]FC[GJI=IR?c±¤Q=ALyDGJ�@?f�^GJCN?BQR?BA %fw^]HGJb¡b�?BA\;���?BE %fw?BEF��GJEFCN?BA^�L?TZ¤h0K��L?BE�±�Q=ALyDGJ�@?f�^GJCN?BQ9�¯Q=EN���-wLEN{H|£?BQ=A��0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=� M5EFC �"PY?Bh0� M5EN� � _a?f]FCFyY?BIR?ByzC4;L�UGJAtG5{N|��¯Q=EN���L?BE��GJb�?U�L?BEx±�Q=ALyDGJ��?f�^GJCN?BQ(GJALyY?ByY?B��?BA\;^�UG5]��0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=� M5EFC ���%$&� ����$ GJb ±�A^�L?T�L?BEx�UGJCN?BQ9QR]FC�M5KLCFQRM5AtGJI´;v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE�!��� �� ���������� ����� � ���� �������� � ��$&� ���%$��

�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFC6wLA^���UGJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?£]FQ=A^���-wLEN{N|µe\?f?BE�%4?BQR{N|^?BA XYM5A^?BQ=AtGJA^�L?BEcyY?BCFEN?BALA#C4; �gQR? 5 A-_aM5EFbcGJCFQRM5A Q=A �L?BE=�M5A?>^yzwLEHGJCFQRM5A^]N�^GJCN?BQ(?BA^�L?BCxb¡Q=Cx�L?Bb �UGJCN?BQR?BA^�L? ��± �� �¯M0�L?BE¯b¡Q=Cx�L?Bb��0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC � ��$&� ���%$6;

�0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC �UGJCN?BQ=C h0K$ �� �� W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA���� $����� e\?4G5]FC`²¹�A@#wtGJEN?f]xW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA� ����� � =TGJb�?BEHG5�^GJCN?BA� � ��� � ��Q=IR�0² #¤?BEFP#ALK-_�wLALyY?BA� ����� �� � (Jw:9Y?BEN? �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY?BA� � ��� � � ���� ��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA� ��� ������� ��-O`?BP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�� ��� �� ��$�$ C�M5ADCFENM5I��#wLKLK@M5EFC��$&����� %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?[W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE$ ��������� W Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE`² W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE������������ eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE`² W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE� �%$&� � �%$ �UGJCN?BQR?BA^�L?

Z GJ��?BI=IR?c<�*-;=< !l�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFCN?[�L?BExW�ENMJOF?BP#CN�^GJCN?BQ

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � � ���

$��� � � ���� � � $ �� �� $ �� �� ���� � � �� $�������� � ���� � � � ���� ����� ���� � � � ���� ����� ������� ���� � � � �� ����� ���� ���� � ��������� � ���� ���� � ��� � � �%$�� ���%$

o ������ �� � �� HA"$-$"$��;�2&�&" !����5HA"$�8"$����" � "/�#%1���5�&%1�0J&*d*d"/��N

Page 36:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � dz«

6 4 3 � >A=E>$� 8�;E8I= � � � B$;�KLDA:C81: � � >/;�81K

5�A��L?BE W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA-² ��GJCN?BQ �`; KLE �(P �5ALA^?BAcXY?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�L?BA^?xW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE wLA^� �KLCFQRM5A^?BAcyY?f]N?BC�%fC¤��?BEN�L?BA\;��Q=C¤vxw^]NAtGJ|Lb�?x�L?BE ±�Q=A:%4?BIR]NCFEHGJ|LI®²� �KLCFQRM5A6��?f?BQ=A?&^w^]N]N?BAk�-QR?�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�wLA^� �KLCFQRM5A^?BA6ADwLE �-QR?xvxw^]FyDGJ��?¯wLA^�ALQR{H|DC��^G5]x±�EFyY?B�LALQR]x�L?BExv�w^]FyzIR?BQR{H|DwLALy^;v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE�!� �� ��� !��%$����$�� !������ !���$�$��� ��$�� !������ !���� ��$�� ! � �� ��� ��$���!������$�� ! �����! � �� ��$�� ! � ��� !������� ��$�� !���$ ! ��� ��$ � !�$���%! ���� ��$���!������ !�������� � ! ��$������ ��� � !�� �� ������$�� !��%$� ! � ���� $�� !��%$ ! ����� � ��� ����! ����� � ����! � ��� ����� !� � ��� ���� � ��� ����! ����� � ����! � ������ ��� � ��� ����!���� ���� ! �����!���� ������� � ��� ����!���� ���� ! �����!���� ������� � ��� ����! � � ���� � � !�� � �� ����

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;� �� ���!��%$�� � ±�Q=A:%4?BIR]NCFEHGJ|LI®²� �KLCFQRM5A «��$�� ! ����� !��%$�$�����$�� ! ����� !�� ��� ��$�� !�� �� �����$�� !�� �

�£����� v�w^]FyDGJ��? XYM5A � (J|^?BEFwLALyY]F� ?BEFCN?BA¶�L?BE =�M5A-²CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0CN? ��vxA:%'GJ|LIU�L?BE���Q=IR�L]FCFEHGJ|LIR?BA~KLENMW�wLALP0C �¯Q=EN� GJw^]FyY?ByY?B�@?BA �p¬x?f]FwLI=CHGJCN? �L?BE�g?BwLKLwLALP#CN? � ?BEN�L?BA¡GJALyY?�%4?BQ=yzC��5vxw^]NyDGJ�@?��L?BE��?fM5�tG5{N|#CN?BCN?BA���Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA

«¡«c«¡«

��$�� !�� ����! ����� ��$�� !�� ��� !��� ����$�� !���$ ! ��� ��$�� !�$ �� ! �������$�� !������ ! �����

��������� v�w^]FyDGJ��?��L?BE�wLAD��?BPzGJALADCN?BA W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE Q=AOF?f�L?BE 5�CN?BEHGJCFQRM5A ! ��-O`?BP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �3 �EFQ®²?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�� >lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]`² wLA^� eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEFKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

«¡«c«¡«¡«

��� � ! ��$������ ��� � !�� �� ��� �£� v�w^]FyDGJ��?�,�W@vg¬ 5 ² Z GJ��?BI=IR? ��v�w^]FyDGJ��? �L?BE ¬�? ²]FwLI=CHGJCN?U�L?f] #¤M5EF� (JEFCN]N]H{N|LALQ=CFCN]

«¡«

��$�� !���$� ! � �� ��$���!��%$� ! ���� Q\Q v�w^]FyDGJ��?��L?BE ±IP�?BP0CN?¯�L?BE�>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��v�A:%'GJ|LI9�L?BE�.gQ=CFCN?BEFKLwLALP#CN?�Q=Ak­kwLA^��hc¬�QR{H|-²CFwLALy

«¡«

� � ���� ��! ���� � ����!� ��� ��� � ! � � � � ��

] v�w^]FyDGJ��?f�^GJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?U�L?BE���M5EFbcGJI=yzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]`²]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE

A^M5A^?

� � ���� ��! ���� � ����! � ��� � ���� ] v�w^]FyDGJ��?f�^GJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?U�L?BE���M5EFbcGJI=yzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]`²bcGJCFEFQ®­

A^M5A^?

� � ���� ��!�������� !�� ����!�� � � � ����

] v�w^]FyDGJ��?f�^GJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?T�L?BE�EN?f{N|#CN?BA��0?BQ=CN? A^M5A^?

� � ���� ��! ��� ���� �� ! ��� � � ��� ] v�w^]FyDGJ��?f�^GJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?T�L?f]xe �z]NwLALyY]FXY?BP#CNM5EN] A^M5A^?Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?�<�*-;V: !tW(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA

��?BQLyY?BI �z]N{H|DCN?BE�±�Q=A:%4?BIR]FCFEHGJ|LI®²� �KLCFQRM5A ��?BALyzI´;Y]FQ=ALyzIR?¯EHG4hrM5KLCFQRM5A � � � �� !���$��p� ?BEN�L?BA�GJI=IR?� ��-OF?BP#CFKLwLALP0CN? �D�-QR?ALQR{H|DC �-wLEN{H|Tb¡Q=A^�L?f]FCN?BA^] %f� ?BQ0�#CFEHGJ|LIR?BA[�@?f]NCFQ=b¡bSC]FQ=A^�TXYM5AS�L?BEv�w^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALygGJw^]FyY?f]N{H|LIRMz]N]N?BA\;���wLEN{H| �0?BC�%4?BA

Page 37:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � d-<

�L?BE �KLCFQRM5Ap��?BEN�L?BA GJw^{H|��#CFEHGJ|LIR?BA %fwp?BQ=A^?BA ��-OF?BP#CFKLwLALP0C[?BEFI GJwL�LC��(]NMJ_a?BEFAp�-QR?f]N?BE W�wLALP#Cr?BQ=ApW�G5]N]FKLwLALP0CQR]FC4;L±¤EN]FC��-QR?UyY?f]N?BC�%fCN? �KLCFQRM5A�?BEFb �5yzI=QR{N|DC��L?BA ?BQ=A-_´G5{N|^?BA�E (JwLb¡I=QR{N|^?BA�¬ /^{NP0� (JEFCN]N]H{N|LALQ=CFC4;�gwLEN{N|��-QR? �KLCFQRM5A^?BA $���! �"KLEFQ=A#C ��wLA^� � � ! ���L?B�LwLy��¯�¯Q=EN�£A#wLE��-QR?Tv�w^]FyDGJ��?T�-wLEN{N| %fw^] (JC�%fI=QR{N|^?65�A-_�M5EFbcG�²CFQRM5A^?BA ?BEF��?BQ=CN?BEFC4;t�UG5]�±�EFyY?B�LALQR]��L?BEx� /LA^�L?BI GJw^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy��¯Q=EN�£�^G5�-wLEN{N|�ALQR{N|DC��@?f?BQ=A?&^w^]H]FC4;#¤?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�L?BA^? �KLCFQRM5A^?BApP �5ALA^?BApGJw^{N| /L��?BES�L?BA =�M5b¡bcG5�LMYGJw-_"EFw-_���?f?BQ=A?&^w^]N]FCS� ?BEN�L?BA���]FQR?B|^?cW�ENM5yzEHGJb¡br² �KLCFQRM5A ��������$ Q=A v��^]N{N|\;9<�*-;=<4d�� ;�gQR? vxw^]FyDGJ��? �L?f]g±¤Q=A?&^w^]N]N?f]U�L?BES>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BESGJw-_ �-QR?r��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAn�¯Q=EN���-wLEN{H|1�-QR?[v�ALyDGJ�@?r�L?BEv�A:%'GJ|LI��L?BE .gQ=CFCN?BEFKLwLALP#CN? yY?f]FCN?Bw^?BEFC4; 5�]FC6�-QR? v�A:%'GJ|LI��L?BE .�Q=CFCN?BEFKLwLALP#CN?�Q=A ­0² � ��$�� !��%$� ! � �� ��M#�L?BEchD²¬xQR{N|DCFwLALy�� ��$ � !��%$�%! ���� ��yzIR?BQR{N|£A#wLI=I?BE`_aM5I=yzC�PY?BQ=A^?Tv�w^]FyDGJ�@? ;³µQ=EN��GJIR]��UGJCN?BQ=AtGJb�?U�L?BE�v�w^]N�-EFw^{NP �������yY?B� (J|LI=C�?BE`_aM5I=yzC¯PY?BQ=A^?�vxw^]FyDGJ��?z;-�gQR?gv�w^]FyDGJ��?��L?BE �gM5EFbcGJI=yzIR?BQ®²{H|DwLALyY]N]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE�?BE`_aM5I=yzC�GJIR]���Q=CFbcGJK£Q=b��´KLI GJQ=A��TW¤� � ² �^M5EFbcGJC4;��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � $��

�� � � �� � � � �� �� �������������������������

6 4 � 81> �%; � �����C>/=E8!� � >/=E>*� 8�;�8I= � � � B$;�KLDA:C81: � � > ;�81K

�gQR? =�IR?BQ=A^]FCN? ²¹¸�wtG5�-EHGJCN? ² v�w^]FyzIR?BQR{N|#wLALy �"IR?4G5]FC`² ] @#wtGJEN?f]cG5�JO¹w^]NCFb�?BADC � �¯Q=EN� �-wLEN{H| �-QR?�e\?4G5]FC`²¹�A@#wtGJEN?f]cW�GJEHG�²b�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA-² �UGJCN?BQ �`; IR]FK ��yY?f]FCN?Bw^?BEFC4;v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE�!� ��� � ����� � � ��!��� ���� ������!�������� ������!�$ ��� � ����� !�� ���� ������� !���� ��� ��� � !����� � �� ��� !�$ ��� � � ���� !������� � � ���� !���� ��� � � �� � � � ��� � � � ! �� �� � � � ! ��� � ��� ��$ ! ���� � �� �� � � ! ���� ������ ��! ��� � ��� � � � ! ����� ��� � ��� !�� ������� !��������� � ������$ � ! ����� ��� ��%! ����� � � � � � !����� � � � ���� !������������������!�� �� ��� �� ��

t �O��" �E�#�43����5*d*d�5@�!#���4� � $�� !��%$ !�� � ��� �U%(!YCD" ���56B!#"/!�N

Page 38:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � dz:

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;� ��� � ���� � G KLEFQRM5EFQ �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALy �L?BE .�? ²

�¯QR{H|DCN]F|^?BQ=C�Q=A�b 10−6

� � � � ! �� ��� Q bcG�­-Q=bcGJIR?Tv�A:%'GJ|LI�L?BE-5 CN?BEHGJCFQRM5A^?BA <4«� ����� ! ����� ������� !�$ ���� ����� !�� ���� ������� !���� ��

�£����� =�M5ADXY?BEFyY?BA:%4M5KLCFQRM5A^?BA�_ /LE ��-O`?BP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtG�²CN?BA ��W�ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEN?BA �U��EN?B|#�¯Q=ALPY?BIrwLA^�;=;=;

«¡«£<¡<

� ������!������ � ������!�$ ���� ������!�� ���� � ������!�� � ��

�£����� =�M5ADXY?BEFyY?BA:%fyzEN?BA:%4?BA _ /LE ��-O`?BP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtG�²CN?BA �\W¤ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BADCFEN?BA �(�gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI Q=A1b�:%f�T;-EHG5�

«-;V«z«-< «-;V«z«-<10−6 10−8

� � � �� � � � �� �£� ,�ADCN?BEN?BE6wLA^� M5��?BEN?BE .gEN?BA:%f��?BEFCk�L?BE��#CHGJA-²�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA

σmin�

σmax_ /LE���?fM5�-²

G5{H|DCN?BCN?SW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE10−30 10+30

� � � � ! �� � �� � � ! �� �£� �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA _ /LE wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?�:%f�T;T?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFCN?'°'_a?f]FCN? W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

σmin,u�

σmax,u

10−31 10+31

� � ��� ��$ ! ��� � ����� � ! ��� �£� .�?B�¯QR{H|DCN?k_ /LE¡�-QR?k±¤I=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEFwLALy1XYM5A wLAD��? ²PzGJALADCN?BAnW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFAnwLA^� _ /LE���?f�-Q=ALyzwLALyY]F²yzIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA

10−10 10−10

� ���� � ��! ����� � v�w^]FyDGJ��?BI=Q=b¡Q=C_ /LE�=�M5EFEN?BI GJCFQRM5A^]FPYM0?8' %fQR?BADCN?BA «-;Vº��� � ����! ����� ��� � ����!�� ���� �£� 5�ALP#EN?Bb�?BA#CN?¯_ /LE A#wLb�?BEFQR]N{N|^?f]��gQQP�?BEN?BA:%fQR?BEN?BA

_ /LE ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA-²�wLA^� �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI®²W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BExQ=A£b �:%f�T;^EHG5�

10−0 10−3

��� !�� � ������� � ¸�wtGJA#CFQ=I �L?BE C`² #¤?BEFCN?BQ=I=wLALyt∞,1−α/2

_ /LE�#Q=yzALQ >^PzGJA:%fCN?f]FCN]��@?BQ�?BQ=A^?BE 5�EFEFCFwLb�]F��GJ|LE`²]N{H|^?BQ=ALI=QR{N|LPY?BQ=C

α

<z;+"z�

������$���! ����� � .gEN?BA:%f��?BEFC _ /LE �-QR?gW�ENM5��?x�L?BE�vxw^]NyzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyATPv = 0

10−4

��� �� !������ � .gEN?BA:%f��?BEFC _ /LE �-QR?�vxw^]FyDGJ��?¯XYM5A #¤?BEF�@?f]N]H]N? ²EFwLALyY?BA �L?BE�� Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA Q=A�b 10−5

� � � ���!����� �� � � � ���!������ �� ]�] ±�Q=AL|^?BQ=CN?BA �@?BQ£�L?BE v�w^]FyDGJ��? _ /LE ��-O`?BP0C`²PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA wLA^� �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI®² W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�´�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFC �

b EHG5�

��������! � �� �� �� ��� ] �0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFC¤_ /LE��-QR?���Q=�LI=QRM5CF|^?BP %fwLE�A#wLb�? ²EFQR]N{H|^?BASe �z]FwLALy�I=Q=A^?4GJEN?BE�.gIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]N]Nh0]FCN?Bb�?

AtGJCFQ=XY?

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?6<�*-;Vd !^e\?4G5]FC`²¹�A@#wtGJEN?f]`² W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²¹°7 �KLCFQRM5A^?BA

�gQR?�=xM5A#XY?BEFyY?BA:%4M5KLCFQRM5A^?BA¡yY?B�@?BASGJA �f_ /LE9��?BIR{N|^?¤wLA#�@?BPzGJALADCN?BArW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE �-QR?�=�M5ADXY?BEFyY?BA:%fyzEN?BA:%4?BA /L��?BEFKLE�/-_"C��?BEN�L?BA¶]NM5I=IR?BA !�_ /LE��-QR? ��-OF?BP0CFKLwLALP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �x�-QR?!=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA¶�L?f] W�ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEFwLb�] wLA^�~�-QR?�gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI´;.�/LI=CFQ=yY?��0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� �5EFCN?BE£_ /LE£�-QR?n±�Q=AL|^?BQ=CN?BA¶�L?BE ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA¶]FQ=A^� Q=A�Z(GJ�@?BI=IR? <�*-; ��wLA^�µ_ /LE£�-QR?�gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI Q=A£Z GJ��?BI=IR?c<�*-;+* %fw >^A^�L?BA\;

Page 39:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � dzd

�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC ±�Q=AL|^?BQ=C��� � Q=P0ENM5b�?BCN?BE��� � Q=I=I=Q=b�?BCN?BE� � >@?BADCFQ=b�?BCN?BE� ��?BCN?BE

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?c<�*-; ��!l�0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE�e (JALyY?BA^?BQ=AL|^?BQ=CN?BA

�0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC ±�Q=AL|^?BQ=C���� ¬�G5�-Q GJA#C�"EHG5�-Q GJADC �� ��� .gEHG5�#���L?ByzEN?f?������ .�M5A �"yYM5Al°�yzEHG5�L] �

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?�<�*-;+* !@�0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=� �5EFCN?BEx_ /LE¯³µQ=ALPY?BIR?BQ=AL|^?BQ=CN?BA

��/LEx�-QR?[ADwLb�?BEFQR]N{H|^?re �z]FwLALycI=Q=A^?4GJEN?BE .gIR?BQR{H|DwLALyY]N]Fh-]FCN?Bb�? ��e �z]FwLALyk�L?f] .�IR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]H]Fh0]NCN?Bb�]�wLA^�$5 A#XY?BEN]FQRM5A�L?BE �gM5EFbcGJI=yzIR?BQR{N|DwLALyY]NbcGJCFEFQ®­��¤� ?BEN�L?BA�]FCHGJA^�^GJEN�-b3( 9zQ=y[�-QR?��^wLALP#CFQRM5A^?BAc�L?BE�.�?BA^e\Q=�t:�² � Q=�LI=QRM5CF|^?BP � ������� � ���XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC4;->lwLE�]N{N|LA^?BI=IR?BEN?BA���?BEN?f{N|LA#wLALy P �5ALA^?BA��-QR?�e\vgW@v C =g² ¬xM5wLCFQ=A^?BA � � ���%$�� � � ��XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BC ��?BEN�L?BA\;��?BQL�L?BE�#¤?BEF� ?BA^�-wLALy �L?BE¤e\v�W@v C =g² ¬xM5wLCFQ=A^?BA6bSw^]N] �^G5]¤W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡b ?BA#CN]FKLEN?f{N|^?BA^�3/L�@?BEN]N?BC�%fC�wLA^�rb�M5A#CFQR?BEFC�"yY?BI=Q=ALP0C ��� ?BEN�L?BA\;��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � ��� $

� ��� � � �� �� � � �� ������� � � ����� ������� � � � � � ���� � ����� � � ������ � ����� � � ������ ���&� � � � �&� �� ������ ��� � � ����)��� �� � � � �� � �����%$�� � �

6 4 � � >$� 8I=?> � � > ;�81K

5�Ak�-QR?f]H?BE��UGJCN?BQ9��?BEN�L?BA£�-QR?�XY?BEF��?BA^�L?BCN?BA$=TGJb�?BEHG�² W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC4;L�UG %fw�yY?B| �5EFC¯A^?B��?BA��L?BA�W�GJEHGJb�? ²CN?BEFA��L?BE�Q=ALA^?BEN?BA! �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy����-QR?6.gE �z]N]H?T�L?f]���Q=IR�0_aM5EFbcGJCN]x�:%f�T; � C C���² �F�0?BA^]NM5EN]4;tv�w^]N]N?BEN�L?Bb �@?f]NCFQ=b¡bSC�-QR?2=TGJb�?BEHGp�L?BA Z h#K �L?BE6��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA ! �"b�?BCFEFQR]N{H|^?�����Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAµM0�L?BEcW�Q®­L?BI=PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA\;��UG�²_ /LET]FQ=A^� %f� ?BQ Z¤h0K@?BA1XYM5Ap¬�GJ|Lb�?BALPzGJb�?BEHG5]S]FQ=A^�n�L?B>^ALQR?BEFC�! ¬�GJ|Lb�?BA-²xwLA^� C C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG5] ��]FQR?B|^?�Z GJ��?BI=IR?<�*-;Vº�� ;\�gQR?3C C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG�QR]NCUXYM5A1�L?BES¬�GJ|Lb�?BALPzGJb�?BEHG£GJ�LyY?BIR?BQ=CN?BC4; �D?f�LM#{H|�QR]FCU��?BQ¤�L?BE C C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG£�^G5]��Q=IR�0_aM5EFbcGJCx�-wLEN{N| �-QR?SvxA:%'GJ|LI\wLA^� .gE � 9Y?U�L?BExW�Q®­L?BI<%fw£?BEN]N?BC�%4?BA\;� fg�U��"����IFY6U35"$H���� �gF P�l��34"4+ f F �8F P� ��%(!Y"$���&"��P��H&6����5!#2�"$:cCD�4� � L�W ��W�FYiI��������pI��!#"/�#@��#�535���5*d*d"/�^-$J��Ifgk4%1J&��3^CD�5� �E�#�5�

H&6�"$*d"$�`�)"/��6����&"$���#"$�sFI6�34"/H����)N0�O�5%�E��; :4"/!Q��%(!�HA"$�Ai�m �Qf � � 792�!1!#@?+ ��.Q.Q.bN ��"/!#6���H?N �5�#3D<�ZS�#"$�A"/�#2&e56B!#6��U;�2?N)�OJ)�#; 2`�)��" �="/�1.�"/� ��J��&3CD�4� ��f F�w0�MWY�4J�!#����"$� Z ���R����"d"$6�"$*d"$��!����#"$� �,��!1�#���0�IJ&� � � "/:0!#���1� L�@A"/����!#���4��"$� ��%(!Vf F �gF P�q"$���)Z9�5;�2 !1���5��%1@A�5�1!���HA"$69Nx�b�,�)��"��f F�w WI�5J�!#���&"/��5J�ZIC0��"$6�"$� �=6U��!1!1Z_�5�#*d"$��5@�!#��*d��"/�1!^-$J)� �="/�1Z_34J&��3 %(!#"$2&"$�g>E��%(!d%1"$���&"sf?"/�U%(!#J��&3 �5J)ZO��6�6U"/�]�)�U"/%1"$� �,�5%1;�2&���&"$�� ��2&"$-$Js�4@)!#�U*`��69N

Page 40:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � dJ�

±¤]�P �5ALA^?BA�b�?B|LEN?BEN?6=TGJb�?BEHG5]gQ=A�?BQ=A^?BEg�UGJCN?BQ��L?B>^ALQR?BEFCg]H?BQ=A\;l�UG5]U�0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC � �%$�� ���%$ GJb ±�A^�L?r�L?BE�UGJCN?BQ9QR]FC�M5KLCFQRM5AtGJI´;

v¯{N|DCFwLALy �@�gQR? =TGJb�?BEHG¡b[w^]N]¯XYM5Ex�L?Bb e?f]N?BA �L?BE���Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC�]N?BQ=A\;v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE¯_ /LE�¬gGJ|Lb�?BALP5GJb�?BEHG5]�!� ���� �� ��!�����$�� ���� �� ��!����������������! ���� ��� ��� � ����! ��� ���� ��$� ����$�� �� ����������� � ��$&� ���%$��

v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE¯_ /LE�C C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG5]�!� ���� �� ��!�����$�� ���� �� ��!����������������! ���� ��� ��� � ����! ��� ���� ��$� ����$�� � � � ����� �� ����������� � ��$&� ���%$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;� �������� ��!�� � $� ] =TGJb�?BEHGJC�h#K\;��0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC ]FQR?B|^? Z GJ��?BI=IR?

<�*-;Vº²

� �������� ��!�� �� ] =TGJb�?BEHG�²05¹� %fwLE<5��L?BA#CFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALyg�L?BE =TGJb�?BEHG ²� �������� ��! ��� ���� ] =TGJb�?BEHG�² ��GJb�? ²� ��� ��� ��! ����� � ��EN?BALAD��?BQ=CN?TQ=A£b¡b <z;� ��$� ����$� �£� =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA��L?f] ��Q=IR�-|tGJwLKLCFKLwLALP0CN?f] Q=Acb¡b «-;^«-;� �� � ��� �£� ��Q=IR�0_aM5EFbcGJC�Q=A�b¡b <z;9<z;

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?6<�*-;V� !^¬�GJ|Lb�?BALPzGJb�?BEHG�² W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;� � � � ���� Q\Q v�A:%'GJ|LI¤�L?BE[�#KtGJI=CN?BA���{fM5I=wLb¡A^] ��wLA^��>@?BQ=IR?BA

�"ENM'��] ���L?f]�C C���²¹�0?BA^]NM5EN]xQ=A W�Q®­L?BI«¡«

� �� � ��� �£� W�Q®­L?BI=yzE � 9Y?[Q=A��#KtGJI=CN?BA-²¯wLA^��>@?BQ=IR?BALEFQR{H|DCFwLALyQ=A��Lb6°JW�Q®­L?BI

«-;^«-;

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?c<�*-; ��!)C C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG

�0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=� M5EFC =TGJb�?BEHGJC�h#K���� �� � � �� ���� ¬gGJ|Lb�?BALP5GJb�?BEHG���� �� � ����� � C C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG-;

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?6<�*-;Vº !l�0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��L?BA$=TGJb�?BEHGJC h0K

Page 41:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � d7*

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � ���

�������� � � �������� ��� ��� �� ��� � ����� � ������� � ����������� � ���� � � �%$�� ���%$

6 4 KL@ ���$8 � :CK�;�KLDA:�� �C> ;�81K

5�A~�L?BE£� Q=IR�L�L?B>^ALQ=CFQRM5A^]H�^GJCN?BQ �`; Q=b �6� ?BEN�L?BA �-QR?n��?�%fQR?B|#wLALyY?BA %f�¯QR]N{H|^?BA��L?BA���Q=IR�L?BEFA ���#CHGJCFQRM5A^?BA"� (Jw:9Y?BEN? �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyY?BA ��wLA^� =TGJb�?BEHG5]��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC4;^�UG5]x�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFC � �%$&� � �%$ GJb ±�A^�L?U�L?BE��UGJCN?BQ9QR]FC¯M5KLCFQRM5AtGJI´;v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE�!����� ��� ��!�� � $��� ����� ������!�� ���� � ����� �� ! � �� �����������!�� �������� � ��$&� ���%$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;����� ������!�� ��$ �� ] ��Q=IR�-C h0K\;l�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFCg]FQR?B|^?TZ(GJ�@?BI=IR?�<�*-;=<4« ²����� ������!�� �� ] ��Q=IR�0²05¹� %fwLE�5��L?BA#CFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALy6�L?f]���Q=IR�L?f] ²� � ��� � �� !���� ] �#CHGJCFQRM5A^]`²05¹� %fwLE�5¹�L?BADCFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALy �L?BE �#CHGJCFQRM5A ²� �������� ��!�� �� ] =TGJb�?BEHG�²05¹� %fwLE<5��L?BA#CFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALyg�L?BE =TGJb�?BEHG ²

Z GJ��?BI=IR?�<�*-;+" !^��Q=IR�L�L?B>^ALQ=CFQRM5A

�0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=� M5EFC ��Q=IR�-C�h#K��� ��� � � ������� _�EHGJb�?�Q=bcGJyY?

Z GJ��?BI=IR?c<�*-;=<4« !l�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��L?BA ��Q=IR�-C h0K

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � ���

��� ����� � ��� � ��� � � � ������ ����� � ��� � ��� � ��� � �%$�� ���%$

6 4�� KL@ �$HAD D/=��$KL:C> ;�81: � � > ;�81K

�gQR?T��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA-² ��GJCN?BQ �`; QR{��¯?BA#CF| (JI=CxA#wLE��-QR?T��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�wLA^��Q=|LEN? �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA\; � Q=C�L?Bb ��G 9Y]FCHGJ�-_aGJP0CNM5E¯P �5ALA^?BA£�-QR?U��Q=IR�0²¹°JW�Q®­L?BI=PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�]FP5GJI=QR?BEFC���?BEN�L?BA �^�L?BALA£MJ_"C���?BEN�L?BA �-QR?�� Q=IR�-PYM0M5E`²�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�Q=A �tGJALyY?ByY?B�@?BA\;l�gQR?T��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�wLA^��Q=|LEN?[�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA���?BEN�L?BA Q=A v��L| (JALyzQ=yzPY?BQ=CXYM5A£�L?Bb %fwLXYM5E��L?B>^ALQR?BEFCN?BA$=TGJb�?BEHGJC h0K�?BEF��GJEFCN?BC�!

Page 42:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � dz�

=TGJb�?BEHGJC h0K ��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA¬�GJ|Lb�?BALPzGJb�?BEHG5] b�?BCFEFQR]N{N|^?[��Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAC C���²0=TGJb�?BEHG5] W�Q®­L?BI=PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA

v�b ±�A^�L?�OF?f�L?f]���Q=IR�L?f]�]FCN?B|#Cg�^G5]T�0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=� M5EFC ���%$&� ����$ M0�L?BE����r;@��GJAtG5{H|�_�M5I=yY?BA��-QR?[�UGJCN?BA�_ /LE��^G5]A (5{H|^]FCN?T��Q=IR�9;^�UG5] %f� ?BQ=CN? �0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC � �%$&����%$ GJb ±¤A^�L?T�L?BEx�UGJCN?BA�QR]FCxM5KLCFQRM5AtGJI´;v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE�!����� ��� ��!�� �� � �� ��������$�� � �� !�� �� � �� ���� �� �� � �������� � �%$�� ���%$

����� ��� ��!�� �� � �� ��������$�� � �� !�� �� � �� ���� �� �� � �������� � �%$�� ���%$� � ��$&� ���%$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;����� ������!�� �� ] ��Q=IR�0²05¹� ²� ������ �� � ��G 9Y]FCHGJ�-_´GJP#CNM5E _ /LE �-QR? ��Q=IR�0²¹°JW�Q®­L?BI®²

PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA<z;

��$�� � ��� !�� �� ] W�wLALP0CFAtGJb�? ²� �� ���� �£� ��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA Q=A£b M0�L?BE�W�Q®­L?BI=PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtG�²

CN?BA�Q=A W¤Q®­-?BI«-;^«-;

� �� � ��� �£� �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA1Q=A�b M0�L?BE�W�Q®­L?BI «-;^«-;Z GJ��?BI=IR?�<�*-;=<z< !l� Q=IR�0²¹°JW¤Q®­-?BI=PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � ���� � � � ���� � � ����� � � ��� � � � ����� � � � ��� �� � � � ��� � � ���)� � � � ����� � � � ��� ���� � � ��� � ��� � ������� � ����� � � � ��� ���� �� ��%�� ����� ������ � ����� � � � ��� �� ���)��� � � ��� ��� � � � ����� � � � ��� ��� � � � � � � � ������ � ����� � � � ��� �� � ��� ��� � � ��� �� � ����� � � � ��� ��� � � � � �� ���)��� � � ����� � � � ��� ��� � ����� � ��� � ��� � � ����� � � � ��� �

� �%$�� ���%$ � � � ���� ����� ������� � � ����� � � ����� � � � ��� �� � ��� �� �� � � � � � � ����� � � � ��� ���� ��� � � � � ��� � ����� � � ����� � � � ��� �

Page 43:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � dY�

��� ��� ��� ��� ����� ��� � � � ����� � � � ��� �� ��� � ��� ��� � � �� � � � ����� � � � ��� ��� ��� � ����� � � ����� � � ����� � � � ��� �� � � ������ ���)����� � ����� � � � ��� ��� ��� ����� � � � ��� � ����� � � � ��� ��� � � ���� � ��� � ����� � � ����� � � � ��� �

� �%$�� ���%$ � �%$�� ���%$ ����� ������ �� ��� �� �� � � �������� ���� ��� ����� � � �� �� ������ ���������

������ � � ��� � � ��� � � ����� � � � ��� �

6 4�� � =?KL81:<;�KL8I=��$: � �%B >/=?>$� 8�;�8I= � � > ;�81K

�gQR?6 �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`² �UGJCN?BQ �`; ?fM �x?BADCF| (JI=CU�-QR?SW�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BET�L?BE�(Jw:9Y?BEN?BA �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy N �-QR? =xM0M5E`²�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �L?f]xW�ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BA#CFEFwLb�]�wLA^���-QR?S�-EN?BQ�gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI N ]NM4�¯QR?UQ=|LEN? �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA\;��?BE6�#CN?Bw^?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE � ����������$��� yzQ=�LC6GJA ��M5� �-QR? �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA�Q=A^�-Q=X0QR�-w^?BI=I�_ /LE�O`?f�L?�#CHGJCFQRM5A M0�L?BE¯yY?Bb�?BQ=A^]HGJb _ /LExGJI=IR?S�#CHGJCFQRM5A^?BA yY?ByY?B��?BA£]FQ=A^�9;^��?BQ\�L?BE�±�Q=A^]NCN?BI=I=wLALycQ=A^�-Q=X0QR�-w^?BI=IR?[�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�-²��?BQR{N|DwLALyY?BA � � � � ���� � $�� _aM5I=yY?BA£AtG5{N|��L?BA �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFA1�-QR?S�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA !� � � � ���� ��$ ���� ��! � ��$���� � ����� �� ! � �� � � � ���!������ ���� ��������! � �������� � ��������� ! ��������� ����� ���������� �� � �� ��� ��� �� � � � �� ��� �������� ����� ������� ���� � ���� ������������� � ���%$&� ����$��

�UGJyY?ByY?BAU_aM5I=yY?BAU�@?BQ#�L?BE\±�Q=A^]FCN?BI=I=wLALyxyY?Bb�?BQ=A^]}GJb�?��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA6GJw-_-�^G5](�0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC ������� �&�� ��$ �wLA^���-QR?UyY?Bb�?BQ=A^]}GJb�?BA��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BAn_ /LExGJI=IR?6 �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�!����� ��&�� � $����� ��! � ��$����� � � � � !���� ���� � ��������! � �������� � ��������� ! ��������� �� � � � �� ��� ��� ���� � ���� �������

� � ����� �� ! � �� � ������� �� ���� � � �� � � � ������ ����� ������������ � ���%$&� ����$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;� �����!�� ��$�� ] �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA Q=A^�-Q=X0QR�-w^?BI=I

� � �� � �������$�� � M0�L?BE yY?Bb�?BQ=A^]HGJb�? ������ ��&�� � $�� � yY?ByY?B��?BA

²

�������������������� �!��"$#%�&�'�)(+*-,.���-�&� /�&01�-�

Page 44:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � dzº

��� ��!�����$��� ] W�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy��L?BET�gEN?B|#�¯Q=ALPY?BI´;(�0{N|LI /^]F²]N?BI=��M5EFCN?T]FQR?B|^?TZ(GJ�@?BI=IR?c<�*-;=<4d

²

� � � ���!������ �� ] ±�Q=AL|^?BQ=C¤_ /LE¤�-QR?��gEN?B|#�¯Q=ALPY?BI´;-�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFCN?]FQR?B|^?UZ(GJ�@?BI=IR?c<�*-;+*

EHG5�

����������! � ������ � �(I GJy�M5��� .�W �D² �F>@?BQ=C£ALQR{H|DC£XYM5EF|tGJA^�L?BA �a«��M0�L?BE¯XYM5EF|tGJA^�L?BA �`<��

«

� � ��� � ��� ! � ������ � �(I GJynM5����EN?B|#�¯Q=ALPY?BI �a«��[M#�L?BE¡�gEN?B|LbcGJCFEFQ®­�`<�� yY?ByY?B��?BA !����������� ����� ��� ����� ��������

«

� � ��� � �� !���� ] �#CHGJCFQRM5A^]`²05¹� %fwLE ?BQ=A^�L?BwLCFQ=yY?BA 5¹�L?BADCFQ > %fQR? ²EFwLALy��L?BE� �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALyY]FKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

²

��������� � �KLCFQRM5AtGJIR? � .UW �D² �F>@?BQ=CxQ=A ] «-;�� �� � � ��� �� �£��� =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �L?f]nW¤ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BADCFEFwLb�]�Q=A

b«-;^«-;l«-;

� �� �� � � �� � ���� �£��� �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA �L?BE =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�L?f]�W¤ENMJO`?BP0CFQRM5A^]�%4?BADCFEFwLb�]�Q=A£b

«-;^«-;l«-;

������ ���� ������ �£��� �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI´;5±�Q=AL|^?BQ=C(�¯QR?¤b¡Q=C � � � � � !���� �����L?B>^ALQR?BEFC

«-;^«-;l«-;

� ����� � ��� � ����� �£��� �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA �L?BE �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI´;±�Q=AL|^?BQ=Cx�¯QR?Ub¡Q=C � � ���� !���������� �L?B>^ALQR?BEFC

«-;^«-;l«-;

Z GJ��?BI=IR?c<�*-;=<4: ! 8xw:9Y?BEN? �EFQR?BA#CFQR?BEFwLALy

�0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC W�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy v�A:%'GJ|LI�L?BE ]FQR?B|^?W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE �0?BQ=CN?

� ����� �� ��� �%$���� � ��� �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BIω − ϕ − κ

wLb _a?f]FCN?Uv¯{N|^]N?BA d <'�� ����� �� ��� �%$���� � ��� �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BI

ω − ϕ − κwLb b¡Q=CFyY?f�-EN?B|DCN? v¯{N|^]H?BA d <'�

� ����� �� ��� $�� ��� � ��� �gEN?B|D�¯Q=ALPY?BIϕ − ω − κ

wLb b¡Q=CFyY?f�-EN?B|DCN? v¯{N|^]H?BA d <'�� ����� �� ��� ���� � �����

ϕ − ω − κd <4º

� ����� �� ��� � ����� ���� � �� ·�GJb¡Q=I=CNM5A-²¹¸�wtGJCN?BEFALQRM5A � <4ºZ GJ��?BI=IR?�<�*-;=<4d !l�0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��-QR?SW(GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy��L?BEx�gEN?B|LbcGJCFEFQ®­

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � � �� � � � ���� ��$ �� ����� ������ $ � ��� � ��� � � � � � ������������ � � ������ ���%�� � � ������� ���� ������� � � ����� � �������� � ��������� � ����������� � ��� � ������ ������� � � ����� � �������

� ����� ������ $ � ��� � ��� � � � � �� ��� ���� ��� ��� � ������ ���������� � ������� � � ����� � �������� � ��������� � ����������� � ��� � � � �� ������� � � ����� � �������

� �%$�� ���%$

Page 45:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � d7"

�0M5I=I�-QR?[±�Q=A-² wLA^� vxw^]FyDGJ��? ( @#wLQ=X5GJIR?BA#C�%fwLb W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡b�W@v�Z�² �¶]H?BQ=A£QR]FC¯_ /LEx�-QR? (Jw^]H]N?BEN? �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy��-QR?W�GJEHGJb�?BCFEFQR]FQR?BEFwLALy � ����� �� ��� �%$���� � ��� %fw�� (J|LIR?BA\;��gQR? =�M5bS�LQ=AtGJCFQRM5A1�L?BE�#¤M5E�%4?BQR{N|^?BA�_ /LE��-QR?6=TGJb�?BEHGJPYM5A-²]FCHGJA#CN?SwLA^����Q=IR�-PYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�QR]FCg�L?BEgZ(GJ�@?BI=IR?k<�*-;=<B� %fw�?BA#CFA^?B|Lb�?BA\;9��G5]gW�ENM5�LIR?Bb I=QR?ByzC�?BADCN]FCN?B|#C��^G5�-wLEN{H| ��^G5]¯Q=A£W@v�Z�² ���-QR?

x² v¯{N|^]N?T�L?BE�� Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�?BA#CFyY?ByY?BA��L?BE$�(I=wLyzEFQR{H|DCFwLALy��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC�QR]FC4;

=TGJb�?BEHGJPYM5A^]FCHGJADCN? � Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAf x, y

− +

+ −Z(GJ�@?BI=IR? <�*-;=<B��!�#¤M5E�%4?BQR{H|^?BA XYM5A =TGJb�?BEHGJPYM5A^]FCHGJA#CN?�wLA^� ��Q=IR�-PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BAµ��?BQ�W@v�Z�² � ( @DwLQ=XzGJIR?BADCN?BE�±�Q=A-²°Jv�w^]FyDGJ��?

6 4�� � � F%8IHJ;�HAD D/=��$K :$> ;E81: � � > ;E81K

��Q=C¯�L?BE� ��-O`?BP0CFPYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA-² �UGJCN?BQ �`; M#{�� ��?BEN�L?BA�GJI=IR? ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP0CFPYM#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�wLA^��Q=|LEN?[�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQ®²{H|DwLALyY?BAc?BQ=ALyY?BIR?f]N?BA\;z�UG %fwryY?B| �5EN?BA��-QR?�W(G5]H]`²9�:%f�T;7=xM5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA �DwLA^� � ?BALAcXYM5EF|tGJA^�L?BAcGJw^{N|� (J|^?BEFwLALyY]F� ?BEFCN?gXYM5A ��?BwLKLwLALP0CN?BA\;L�#Q=A^�cXYM5Ak�L?BA �g?BwLKLwLALP#CN?BAkPY?BQ=A^? ��(J|^?BEFwLALyY]F��?BEFCN?�XYM5EF|tGJA^�L?BA�� ?BEN�L?BA]FQR?¡�-wLEN{H| #¤M5EF� (JEFCN]N?BQ=A^]N{H|LALQ=CFC ��?f]FCFQ=b¡b[C4; �gQR?6�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALy1PzGJALAp?BADC�� ?f�L?BE _ /LES?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?cW�wLALP0CN?Q=A^�-Q=X0QR�-w^?BI=I�M#�L?BEr_ /LEcGJI=IR?�W�wLALP0CN?�yY?Bb�?BQ=A^]HGJb yY?B� (J|LI=Cc� ?BEN�L?BA\; ��QR? �#CN?Bw^?BEFwLALyp?BE`_�M5I=yzC�b¡Q=C��L?BA �0{H|LI /^]`²]N?BI=��M5EFCN?BA � � � � ��� ���� wLA^� �� ������&� ���� ;\�UG5]S�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLET_ /LESQ=A^�-Q=X0QR�-w^?BI=I��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BAQR]FC� � � � ���� �������$�� � �� !�� �� �� � �� �� � � �� ����� � �� � ��������� � ��$&� ���%$��

wLA^�k_ /LE¯yY?Bb�?BQ=A^]HGJb�? �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{H|DwLALyY?BA����� ��&�� � ��� ��� ���� � ��

��$�� � �� !�� �� �� � �� �� � � �������� � ��$&� ���%$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;��$�� � ��� !�� �� ] W�wLALP0C`²05¹� %fwLE 5��L?BA#CFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALy��L?f] ��-O`?BP0C`²

KLwLALP0CN?f]²

��� �� � �� �£��� ��-OF?BP#CFKLwLALP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA Q=A�b «-;^«-;l«-;� ��� � �� ���� �£��� �#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA��L?BE ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP0C`²

PYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA£Q=A£b«-;^«-;l«-;

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?c<�*-;=<�* !) ��-O`?BP0CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � � �

Page 46:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � �D«

� � � � ���� �������� ��� �������� � � � �� ��� � � ���� ���� � � � ����� � � ����� � � ������ � ��� ���������� � ��� � ��� � � �����)��� � � � ����� � � ����� � � �������� ���� ������� � � � � ��� � � �)����� � � � ����� � � ����� � � �������� � ��� ���� � ���� �� ��� � � �� �% � � ����� � � ����� � � ������ � �������� � � ����� ������� ��� � � �� � � ����� � ������� � ��������� ��� ����� � ��� �� ���� � ��� � � �� � � ����� � ������� � �������� � � ���� � � ������� � � ��� ��� � � �� � � ����� � ������� � ��������� � � � ����� � � ��� �� ����� ��� � � �� � � ����� � ������� � ��������� � � � ������ � �% ��� ��� ��� � � �� � � ����� � ������� � �������

� �%$�� ���%$����� � � ����������� � �% ������� ��� ������� � � ����� � ������� � �������

6 4�� � DA:<;�=?DA@ � � � BCBODA=�; � � >/;�81K

��Q=Cg�L?BE C�M5ADCFENM5I®²¹�#wLKLK�M5EFC`² �UGJCN?BQ �`; {f] ��P �5ALA^?BA�P �5ALA^?BA ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP0CN? %fw �g?Bw-²�M0�L?BE�=�M5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0CN?BAp?BE`²P0I (JEFC¯� ?BEN�L?BA\;l��QR?U�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLExQR]NC��� � ��$���� �� !���� � �� � � !�� �������� � ��$&� ���%$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;��$�� � ��� !�� �� ] W�wLALP0C`²05¹� %fwLE 5��L?BA#CFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALy��L?f] ��-O`?BP0C`²

KLwLALP0CN?f]²

� � ] C¯�D² Z h#K\; �0{N|LI /^]N]H?BI=� M5EFCN? ]FQR?B|^? Z GJ��?BI=IR?<�*-;=<'�

²

� � !�� �� ] C¯�[Q=A ���S>t²0=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN? ! ��� �x² � �����g² � � >t²0=xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?

²

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?�<�*-;=<4� !�C�M5ADCFENM5I®²¹�#wLKLK�M5EFC

�0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP0CFC h0K� � ��?BwLKLwLALP0C ��?BALyzI´;LQ=A#CN?BEN]N?f{BCFQRM5A�K@M5Q=A#C �� � W(G5]H]FKLwLALP#C ��?BALyzI´;^{fM5ADCFENM5I K@M5Q=A#C ���� =xM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#C ��?BALyzI´;^{H|^?f{NP�K@M5Q=A#C �

Z GJ��?BI=IR?c<�*-;=<'��!l�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=���5EFCN?BE�_ /LE��-QR? ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP#CFC�h#K

�gQR? 8�A^�L?BEFwLALy6�L?f] ��-O`?BP0CFKLwLALP#CFC�h#K^]�yY?f]N{H|LQR?B|DC��-wLEN{N|��@?BEN]N{H|LEN?BQ=�@?BA��L?BEg�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�D��?BQR{N|#wLALyY?BA\;�gQR?TyY? ²yY?B��?BA^?BA =xM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA���?BEN�L?BA GJIR] � (J|^?BEFwLALyz� ?BEFCN?6��?BADwLC�%fC4; ��/LE =�M5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0CN?c��?BEN�L?BAp�-QR?¡yY?ByY?B��?BA^?BA=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA�GJIR]g�0M5I=I®²´³1?BEFCN?UXY?BEF� ?BA^�L?BC4;l��wLEN{H| v�ALyDGJ�@?U�L?BE�C�M5A#CFENM5I®²¹�#wLKLK@M5EFC`²0=�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN? PzGJALA£�-QR? =xM5A-²CFENM5I=IR?�_ /LE��-QR?U?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^? =�M#M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?[]FK�?�%fQ > %fQR?BEFC�� ?BEN�L?BA � %Y; �g; !

Page 47:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � �^<

� � eGJyY? ² wLA^�£· �5|^?BALPYM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#C� � eGJyY?BPYM5A#CFENM5I=I=KLwLALP#C · �5|^?BALPYM5ADCFENM5I=I=KLwLALP0C4;

�gQR? C�M5ADCFENM5I®²¹�#wLKLK�M5EFC`² �UGJCN?BQ b[w^]N]�AtG5{H| �L?BE� ��-OF?BP#CFPYM0M5EN�-Q=AtGJCN?BA-² �UGJCN?BQ yY?BIR?f]N?BA � ?BEN�L?BA\;�gQR?c�UGJCN?BQ �¯Q=EN� %4?BQ=IR?BA#� ?BQR]N?kyY?BIR?f]N?BA\;�� Q=C ?BQ=A^?Bb � GJIR] ?BEN]FCN?f]¡>@?BQR{N|^?BA Q=Ap?BQ=A^?BE�>@?BQ=IR?c�¯Q=EN�p�-QR?cyY?f]}GJbSCN?>@?BQ=IR?�Q=yzA^M5EFQR?BEFC4;��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � �

��� �� ��� � � �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� � �%$�� ���%$

6 4 6� 7 ����> ;�� B >/=?>$� 8�;�8I= � � > ;�81K

��Q=Cx�L?BET>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`² �UGJCN?BQ �`;VGJK ��P �5ALA^?BA�XY?BEN]N{N|LQR?f�L?BA^?��?(JC�%4?TXYM5A1>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEFAn�L?B>^ALQR?BEFCg� ?BE`²�L?BA\;Y�gQR? #¤?BEFP0AD/LK-_�wLALy6%f�¯QR]N{N|^?BAk�L?BAc��Q=IR�L?BEFAcwLA^�c�L?BA�>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEN]HGJC�%�?BE`_�M5I=yzC /L�@?BE �-QR? =TGJb�?BEHG�²05��r;�0M5I=IR?BA %Y; ��;�_ /LES?BQ=A^?�v¯?BENM5CFEFQ GJALyzwLI GJCFQRM5A��-QR?6>lw^]}GJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ]FCFEN?BQ®_a?BAD��?BQR]N?�GJALyY?f]N?BC�%fCS��?BEN�L?BA �]NM�QR]NC�_ /LEOF?f�L?BA��#CFEN?BQ®_�?BA�?BQ=A^?T?BQ=yY?BA^? =TGJb�?BEHG %fw£�L?B>^ALQR?BEN?BA\;�gQR?�?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?BA ��M0�L?BI=IR?¡P �5ALA^?BA b¡Q=CN?BQ=AtGJA^�L?BE[PYM5b[�LQ=ALQR?BEFCr� ?BEN�L?BA\;(��wLEN{H| #¤?BEFyDGJ��?�XY?BEN]N{H|LQR?f�L?BA^?BE��gGJb�?BA�´>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²05¹��] � ]FQ=A^� �-QR? ��M#�L?BI=IR? %fw wLADCN?BEN]N{H|^?BQR�L?BA\;Y�UGJ�@?BQ0QR]FC�%fw[��?4G5{N|#CN?BA �z�^G5]N] ?BQ=A:%4?BI=A^?�W�GJEHGJb�? ²CN?BE�b�?B|LE`_aG5{H|£GJw-_"CFEN?BCN?BA�P �5ALA^?BA\;-�gQR? /L��?BE'& /^]N]FQ=yY?BA�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE�]NQ=A^�6�^GJALA�Q=b XYM5EHGJw^]��-wLEN{H|�?BADCN]FKLEN?f{H|^?BA^�L?.�?B�¯QR{H|DCFwLALy %fw ?BI=Q=b¡Q=ALQR?BEN?BA �

σi = σmin,u� ;

�gQR?U�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE�QR]FCxGJ�L| (JALyzQ=ycXYM5b >lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²0��M0�L?BI=I´;���%$ !���� !�����$������%$ !���� !����� ���� �� ��!�������%$)� � ��%$)� ��������%$ �� � ��%$ �������� � ��$&� ���%$��

���%$ !���� !�����$������%$ !���� !����� ���� �� ��!����� �����%$)� � ��%$)� ��������%$ �� � ��%$ �������� � ��$&� ���%$��

Page 48:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � �D:

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy #¤M5EN?BQ=A^]NC4;���%$ ! ��� !�� � $��� ] >lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²0��M0�L?BI=I´; �0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=� M5EFCN?

]FQR?B|^?UZ(GJ�@?BI=IR?c<�*-;=<�"²

���%$ ! ��� !�� �� ] >lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²05¹� %fwLE 5¹�L?BADCFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALy�L?f]�W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BEN]HGJC�%4?f]

²

� �� � �¯G5]FQR] Q=b ��Q=IR�-EHGJwLb Q=A�b¡b£;k�gQR?f]N?BE W�G�²EHGJb�?BCN?BE �¯Q=EN� ADwLE ��?BQ��L?BA M5EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR?BAW(M5I=h#A^M5br² v�A^] (JC�%4?BA�K\<4:pwLA^� KL�z� XY?BEF� ?BA-²�L?BC4;

«-;

� �������� ��!�� �� ] =TGJb�?BEHG�²05¹� %fwLE�5��L?BA#CFQ > %fQR?BEFwLALyS�L?BE�%fwLyY?B| �J²EFQ=yY?BA�=TGJb�?BEHG

²

���%$)�� � �%$)�� ����� �£� =�M#?8' %fQR?BA#C �L?f] >lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BEN] wLA^��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALy^;¤�gQR?�v�A:%'GJ|LI �L?BESW�G�²EHGJb�?BCN?BE�QR]FC�GJ�L| (JALyzQ=y XYM5b yY?B� (J|LI=CN?BA>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²0��M0�L?BI=I ��]FQR?B|^? Z GJ��?BI=IR?<�*-;=<�"

«-;^«-;;=;=;

Z GJ��?BI=IR?�<�*-;=<4º !l>lw^]HGJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE

�0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=� M5EFC ��M#�L?BI=I v�A:%'GJ|LI ¬x?BQ=|^?BA-_aM5I=yY? �0?BQ=CN?� � � ���� �� ��M#�L?BI=I\�L?BE�Q=ALA^?BEN?BA �EFQR?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy d

∆xp�∆yp�∆c

<�"� ��� � ��� � � �� � EHG5�-Q GJIR? #¤?BE�%4?BQR{H|LADwLALy d

K1

�K2

�K3

:z«��� � ��� �� � ���� � �� � CHGJALyY?BADCFQ GJIR? #¤?BE�%4?BQR{N|LA#wLALy :

P1

�P2

�P3

:z«� �&� $ ������ ��? _�M5EFbcGJCFQRM5A^?BA Q=A �L?BEpv��L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY]`²

&)(5{N|^?<4:

a1, a2, . . . a12

:z«

����� � ��� $������� ,�A^?B�@?BAL|^?BQ=CN?BA �L?BE�vx�L�LQ=IR�-wLALyY]'&)(5{H|^? da13

�a14

�a15

:z«$)� M5EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR?f]xW(M5I=h0yYM5A AtG5{N|�±��LA^?BE <4:

a1, a2, . . . a12

:z«$�� M5EFCF|^M5yYM5AtGJIR?f]xW(M5I=h0yYM5A AtG5{N|!.gE�/LA �z�

a1, a2, . . . a44

:z«� �%$ .�vgW�²05�b¡KLIR?Bb�?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy <4«

∆xp�∆yp�∆c�sx�

a1

�K1

�K2

�K3

�P1

�P2

�P3

:-<

���� � ����� v�w^]FCFEHGJI=QR]`²05�b¡KLIR?Bb�?BADCFQR?BEFwLALy <4«∆xp�

∆yp�

∆c�

K1

�K2

�K3

�P1

�P2

�P3

�b1

�b2

:-<

Z GJ��?BI=IR?g<�*-;=<�" !Y�0{H|LI /^]N]N?BI=���5EFCN?BE wLA^�[¬�?BQ=|^?BA-_�M5I=yY?��L?BE�W(GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE_ /LE��-QR?[>lw^]}GJC�%fKtGJEHGJb�?BCN?BE`²0��M0�L?BI=IR?

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� � � �%$� � ������� �������� ���� ��� � �������� ��� � �������� ��� � ������� � �%$�� ���%$

Page 49:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � �Dd

��?BQR]FKLQR?BI ! � �� ���� �%$

� � ������� �� ���� � � � �������� ���� � � �������� � � �������� � � �������� ��� � ��� � � � � ���� �%� � � ����� � ���� � � �������� � � �������� � � � �������� �� �� ���� ���� � � � � �� � � � �������� � ���� � � �������� � � ������� � �%$�� ���%$

6 4 6A6 � D$��K�;�K DA: ��HAD/=E=E8IHJ;��$= � � >/;�81K

5�A �L?BE�W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE`² ��GJCN?BQ �`; K@{fM5E ��� ?BEN�L?BA��-QR?�W M5I=h0A^M5b¡PYM0?8' %fQR?BADCN?BA�_ /LE6�-QR?�W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE�L?B>^ALQR?BEFC4;@�gQR? #¤?BEFP0AD/LK-_�wLALy %f�¯QR]N{H|^?BA��L?BA���Q=IR�L?BEFA�wLA^���L?BE�W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5ALPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLET?BE`_aM5I=yzC /L��?BE��-QR?[��Q=IR�0²05���]4;�gQR?Ue9QR]FCN?S�L?BE�� Q=IR�0²05¹��]¯�¯Q=EN��b¡Q=Cx�L?BA��0{N|LI /^]N]N?BI=��M5EFC � �%$�� ���%$ GJ�LyY?f]N{H|LIRMz]N]N?BA\;v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE¯_ /LE��-QR?SW Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]NPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE�!��$���%! ��� ! � ������� ��� ��!�� ������� � �%$�� ���%$� � ����! �� � � ��� �� � � �� � ����������� � ��$&� ���%$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy ±¤Q=AL|^?BQ=C��$��� !���� !���� ]FCFEFQ=ALy W(Mz]FQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE`²05�� ²����� ������!�� �� ]FCFEFQ=ALy 5�bcGJyY? ²05�� ²� � ���&!��� � � �� Q=ADC v�A:%'GJ|LI\�L?BExW(M5I=h#A^M5b¡PYM0?8' %fQR?BADCN?BA ²� �� � � �� � ������ �LM5wL�LIR? W(M5I=h#A^M5b¡PYM0?8' %fQR?BADC�wLA^� %fwLyY?B| �5EFQ=yY?��#CHGJA-²

�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALy²

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?c<�*-;V:z« !^W Mz]NQ=CFQRM5A^]FPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE

6 4 6G3 > �A8IHADA=�=?8IHJ;�� = � � > ;�81K

5�Ap�L?BE¡eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE`² �UGJCN?BQ �`;VG5{fM5E �S� ?BEN�L?BA �-QR?kW M5I=h0A^M5b¡PYM#?8' %fQR?BA#CN?BA _ /LE �-QR?�eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE��L?B>^ALQR?BEFC4;�gQR?�#¤?BEFP#A /LK-_"wLALy3%f�¯QR]N{N|^?BA �L?BA£��Q=IR�L?BEFA£wLA^���L?BE�e GJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLEg?BE`_�M5I=yzC /L��?BE¯�-QR?U� Q=IR�0²05¹��]4;L�gQR?Ue9QR]FCN?U�L?BE��Q=IR�0²05¹�g]��¯Q=EN��b¡Q=Cx�L?BA��0{N|LI /^]H]N?BI=� M5EFC ���%$&� ����$ GJ�LyY?f]H{N|LIRMz]N]N?BA\;

Page 50:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � �z�

v�I=I=yY?Bb�?BQ=A^?T�UGJCN?BQR]FCFEFwLP0CFwLE¯_ /LE��-QR?SeGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP#CFwLE�!��������! ��� ! � ������� ��� ��!�� ������� � �%$�� ���%$� � ����! �� � � ��� �� � � �� � ����������� � ��$&� ���%$��

W�GJEHGJb�?BCN?BE ��GJCN?BA#C h0K ��?f]N{H|LEN?BQ=�LwLALy ±¤Q=AL|^?BQ=C������� !���� !���� ]FCFEFQ=ALy eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE`²05¹� ²����� ������!�� �� ]FCFEFQ=ALy 5�bcGJyY? ²05�� ²� � ���&!��� � � �� Q=ADC v�A:%'GJ|LI\�L?BExW(M5I=h#A^M5b¡PYM0?8' %fQR?BADCN?BA ²� �� � � �� � ������ �LM5wL�LIR? W(M5I=h#A^M5b¡PYM0?8' %fQR?BADC�wLA^� %fwLyY?B| �5EFQ=yY?��#CHGJA-²

�^GJEN�^GJ�#� ?BQR{N|#wLALy²

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?6<�*-;V:-< !^eGJyY?BPYM5EFEN?BP0CFwLE

6 4 6� � =?D �/=?>$� � > ���=����

��?BE�W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡bcGJw-_�EFw-_ ?BE`_�M5I=yzCxb�?BQR]FC�GJw-_��L?BE-=xM5A^]NM5IR?Sb¡Q=CxvxALyDGJ��?U�L?BExW�ENMJOF?BP0CN�^GJCN?BQ !

�������������� ��������������������� �������"!$#&%��

�|LA^?Tv�ALyDGJ��?�XYM5A vxEFyzwLb�?BA#CN?BA�M0�L?BE¯b¡Q=Cx�L?BE� �KLCFQRM5A�²´|^?BI=K �¯Q=EN�£�L?BEx·�Q=I®_�]FCN? ­-C�GJALyY?�%4?BQ=yzC�!

'��������(�)�����& +*�*-,.�& ������&/��&01#�%���2�%���3��4,������+05 ���������/����6�#�%���2�%���3�� 7��&/�%����������������&/1%���3��(!����� 8����9/����:%������&���� ����;%���3�����!< ������&/����= #>���+2��/ 7�����#>�?�/� ������&/+3�@(!= #������ A�B���3������� #���������3��������&/C#�����%�%���!D��%E ������>�����������!= #�������2��> ���# A�B���3������� #���������3��������&/C#�����%�%���!D��%E ������>�����������!= ��F+2&�� ������ G����/��E�� ������ = ����F�3��(!= ����3& 8&�+��H;�������I����J��"!= ���2���# G����/�� �K�������#�����������!= ���2��/� ���� G����/��9��3�39�>/� ����;�������(!= ���2���# G����/����&F+L���#��E +���>/����:��%������ �/��&������3��&M��������/N!= �����# A�B���3�������E �����#��������&/?��%I �����������������!= �� ���������2�#��O� '� ���������#��+��������F�@ 5 G ��������!= B�����F P���B����Q������9�/�%������������/N!= B����������/ 8&�+��HE ����������1B����������&/N!= H���2�#��?%���3�� R���������#����������9�/;%���3��(!= H���2���#��E%���3�� R��������;����L&�+������� �&F�L���#�� #����������6!= H���2������E%���3�� R��������;����L&�+�������;A < ��!= H���2��� ��E%���3�� R��������;����L&�+������� 5 G ��������!= H���2��& ��;%���3�� R��������9�&F+L���#��E +���>/�����/���3�@�������!= H���2������E%���3�� R��������:�������&������3��9�>/�%���3��S!

Page 51:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ����� ��������� ������� � � ��� � ������� ���* ������ � � � �D*

6 4 6 � � =?D �/=?>$� � > ��� �A> �O8

�gQR?Tv�w^]FyDGJ��?S?BE`_aM5I=yzCgGJw-_¤�L?BE��#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJw^]FyDGJ��?r�L?BE�=�M5A^]NM5IR?z;4��/LE�I (JALyY?BEN?Sv�w^]FyDGJ�@?BA�wLA^�2%fwLEg�gM5P0wLb�?BA-²CHGJCFQRM5AkQR]FC�?f]�]NQ=ALADXYM5I=I9�-QR?T�#CHGJA^�^GJEN�^GJw^]FyDGJ�@?gb¡Q=C¯�L?BA2 �K@?BEHGJCNM5E

>GJw-_ ?BQ=A^?��UGJCN?BQ�wLb %fwLIR?BQ=CN?BA\;L±�Q=A���?BQR]FKLQR?BI

_ /LE(�-QR?�W�ENM5yzEHGJb¡bcGJw^]NyDGJ�@?$��]'; #¤?BE�%4?BQR{H|LALQR]�!5CN?f]FC}°J]N{H|D���xG5{HP����-K�?���QR]FC�Q=A¡v�AL|tGJALy�v %fw >^A^�L?BA\;z�UG5]���?BQR]FKLQR?BI�¯wLEN�L?Ub¡Q=C�_aM5I=yY?BA^�L?BA�W¤ENM5yzEHGJb¡bcGJw-_"EFw-_ ?BE�%4?BwLyzC�!

�I������ = ���2��/� ���� = �����# = H���2���#��I�������(!.����# = H���2������E�������"!.�����= H���2������I�������"! �����E�������"!�#�%�� �E�������"!�����

Page 52:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� � �

���� �p� ����� �p�I���

6 � 4 6 � 8I=���81K��C:$K �4�';�=��$H<;�� =

Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?�<4�-;=< %4?BQ=yzCx�-QR?S�#CFEFwLP#CFwLEg�L?f]�·�GJwLKLCFXY?BE�%4?BQR{N|LALQR]N]N?f]�XYM5A ��� �%$������ �� �� ��� !#¤?BE�%4?BQR{N|LALQR] 5�AL|tGJI=C� � � ��M5P0wLb�?BADCHGJCFQRM5A� � � ���%$ ��±¤W�² ��Q=�LI=QRM5CF|^?BP� � � � ·�GJwLKLCFKLENM5yzEHGJb¡b���� � Z ?f]FCF�@?BQR]NKLQR?BIR?��� ��� ·�Q=I®_�]NKLENM5yzEHGJb¡b�? �L³1?BEFP %4?BwLyY?Z(GJ�@?BI=IR?�<4�-;=< !t·gGJwLKLCFXY?BE�%4?BQR{H|LALQR]`²¹�#CFEFwLP#CFwLE

�D�

Page 53:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� �������������� ��������������������

������� �"!$#&%('*),+ '.-0/2143,576*)98014:;143<�>=@?BA7C<DFEHG I&JKD"LFMNA0OPA9J Q$G RSRTDUOVQXW�G IZY\[]G0^_M&`aI;Dcb.`dC_`VA IZ�fehgi%(!$!$jk1U)Fl�6i:ij(%k)$gi%('i8*-m�n�nfo �

/p+ 39)$!q�r�s�"14t0143<�@uvD$A RwD4OVQ_`V^2G IZYvEHG0Y `xA RwD4OVQX`x^zy2IZG�?{W7CX`aC>A}|~GT=~=.� � =�G RwD_Q$Gv�2G7CUD9Y2LFMNA0OPA9J Q$G RSRTDUOVQX`x^�=@?(A7C<D �E~G�I&JKDw��W7C_O�D4RS���p+ #N!9+ 3,573$:�14%(!<-q��%k�f8014'*��),)$%k)9�9g*1c��1U�,gi'i%k)9�9g*1�/p+N�9g*)9�,gK6ijk1��Z�i3$%k�9g.-���'*)$!$%(!$6i!\�V�i3S��1U+N�*� )$%k16i'*��l�g*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$%k1�-Z���~/�/p� 'i8�80143$:;143$8*-Z� n���� �Z�i3$%k�9g.-Z�]5<t o<����m ���p%k)9)s�i���~/��v3<� �Y� nfo �

�p6�57'*1 �p���>39+<¡~'.�¢�Fjk+�)91_£�¤257'i801]�"57�T143,5�"57j(%(:i3,57!$%k+ '.�¥L>MNA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQ_`V^�¦>I&J�`aI;D,D_QX`§I&J�- �Y�f¨ �0©_ª«��¬�¬s­N��®�®f-�26i8�6*)$! o<�Y�No �

�p6�57'*1��p���>39+<¡~'.�¯�"g*1°:i6i'*�fjk1 5 �7±²6*)$!$�T14'&!r³ ´i39+ 8�391U)9)w57'*�¯´i39+�)$´�1U�4!9)<����'¶µXI�O�D_Q_IZG�OV`xA IZG ?�y2Q}^4MK`a· DXC�A$|LFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQX`PD4- �~57'*�\¸p¸p�_-<l�573$! � - �>+ ����%k)9)$%k+ 'S�9�9�_-s¹N14%(!914' o ­ ��� - o<�Y� ®f�0¸��9�9�;�}¹Nl��>+ 'i8�391U)9)<-º/214jk)9%('i#&%P-»@%('ijd57'*�¼�

�¯�*�r��¤½�;�>+&+ ´�143v6i'*� lq�;�����F39+�)9)<�H¹&!,57!$%k)$!$%k�<57j��U+ '*�U14´i!9)¾57'*��!$g*14%(3¾57´i´ij(%k�<57!$%k+ ']%(' ´ig*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$t]57'*�)$6i3$¿014tN%('i8*�FLFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQX`x^\EHD$^,A Q}Y0- o<mi¨´�No ©_ª«® �Y� ­N®�® � -;�v´i3$%(j o<� ���f�

/r� ��:i'*143<�;¹N14jB�¼�<57j(%(:i3,57!$%('i8\:ijk+N�9#�5 �7±²6*)$!$�T14'&!<����'°µXI�O�D_Q_IZG�OV`xA IZG ?Ky2Q$^_MK`§·7DXC2A}|FL>MNA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQ_`xD4-&�~57'*�S¸2¸��X-l�573$! � -��>+ ����%k)9)9%k+ '��9�9�_-f¹N14%(!914' o ­ o'� - o<�Y� ®f��¸��9�9���$¹Nl¥�>+ 'i8�391U)9)s-*/214jk)9%('i#&%P-i»@%('ijd57'*�¼�

¤���»@%('*)$!9143$¡>57jk�i143¾6i'*�]e��Z/p+7�V�w57'i'.�¾L>MNA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQ_`xD4��e�57j(!9143¾�i1T�p3$6itN!91432À�143$jd578*-��"143$j(%('.- � �Z�26fÁZ57801�-o<� ®��f�

�p�*¹;�f»i3,5 )9143<���p%(8�%(!,57j.�<57�T143,5S)914jB�§£��<57j(%(:i3,57!$%k+ '.�zµ,�fL�E2�]Â&A ÃNQXI;G ?�A}|vLFMNA�OPA,J Q}G�RrRwD4OVQ_WcG�IZY�EHD4R�A0O�D���D4IiCX`§I&J�-¬ mi¨§Ä ©_ª o4ÄK� ­ o ¬ � -;�v´i3$%(j o<���Y� �

/p143$:;143$!2�¾+ jk�i)$!914%('.�FŽ?BG C,CX`aC4^4MfD\[ÆD$^_MNG�I*`dÇ7�z�2# 5 �i14��%k)9�,g*1¾À�143$jd5780)$801U)914j(jk),�9g�5º�V!<-�»i3,57'i#&�§6i3$!p5f�i��(- o<� ® � �¹;�7�X���p3,57'*)$g�5<¡\�*�>6i'*�fjk1~5 �7±²6*)$!$�T14'&!��T14!$g*+&�i)�%('S14'i8�%('*1U143$%('i8\´ig*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$t0��LFMNA�OPA9J�Q}G RSRwD4OVQ_`V^~EHD9^9A Q$Y�-

o<ni¨ ¬�®0©_ª o � o ­ m�nY� - o<� � n �»"�0¹N14:�5 )$!$%d57'c�p3,5 ),)$%d5f�*l�3,5 �4!$%k�<57j�l�573,57�T14!$3$%(Ès57!$%k+ 'É+7��¤2+ !,57!$%k+ '*)�Ê2)9%('i8p!$g*1~��ËN´�+ '*14'K!$%d57j;�]57´.�FÌ�MiDvÂNA ÃNQXIZG�?

A}|Tu"Q$GXÍ�M&`V^_CcÌZA<A ?{C_- �i¨x� ©_ª m�� ­ Ä �f- o<��� �f�e��.�p39+ Î��w57'i'.�ÆuvD$A<Y0Ï�OV`aC4^4MfDSE\D$^_MKI�Ã&I&J&D_IÐÃ&IZYcy½Ñ<Ñ4`a?(Y ÃNI&JKD_IÐ`§IYKD_Q�ÒzG IZYKDXC_·7D_Q_RwDXC,C_Ã&I&J0��À�143$jd578 �v+ 'i3,5 �

e¥%(!$!�¡>143<-;¹&!$6i!$!$8K573$!<- � �i�26fÁZ57801�- o<�Y� ®f��23$��%('���3$�i'.�i�2%k1>)$%(��6ij(!,57'*1~�¾+ ��´;14'*),57!$%k+ 'T)9tN)$!914�w57!$%k),�9g*143�»�14gijk143@��%(!��i14�Ó� �i'*�9gi'*143��>�i'*�i14j(´i39+ 8�3,57���

�]�HÔplH�\��'�µXI�O�D4QXIZG0OV`VA I;G ?¼y2Q$^_MK`§·7DXCwA}|\LFMNA0OPA9J Q$G RSRTDUOVQX`PD4-¼�~57'*�]¸2¸��X-;l�573$! � -¼�>+ ����%k),)$%k+ 'Õ�9�9�_-Z¹N14%(!914'o ­ m�� - o<�Y� ®f��¸p�9�,���}¹Nl¥�>+ 'i8�391U)9)<-*/p14jk)$%('i#N%P-i»q%('ijd57'*�¼�

�23$��%('Ö��3$�i'.���~�U�46i3,5 �4t0-"3914j(%d57:i%(j(%(!�t¢57'*�h)9!,57!$%k)$!$%k�U)c%('h�4jk+�)91_£P3,57'i801]´ig*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$t0�Ó��'ÖµXI�O�D4QXIZG0OV`VA I;G ?y2Q$^_MK`§·7DXC�A}|SL>MNA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQ_`xD4-z�"57'*�¯¸p¸p�,�X-.l�573$!�ÀS-��>+ ����%k)9)9%k+ '�Àr-�¹N14%(!914' o ­ m7Ä - o<�Y� �f���}¹Nl���'K!9143}£�>+ 'i8�391U)9)�¹&t&��´�+�)$%(6i��- o4Ä ­ o'� �26i8�6*)$!<-Z¹&!9+N�9#Ng*+ j(���

Ä#�

Page 54:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

����������� �������������������� ��� Ä �

�23$��%('°�p3$�i'.�*l�g*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$%k),�9g*1�l�6i'i#N!$:;1U)$!$%(����6i'i8½��%(!��i143��>�i'*�i14j(�T14!$g*+N�i1��Z�q1U�9gi'i%k)9�,g*143>¤214´;+ 3$! Ä*o -��'*)$!$%(!$6i!F�§�i3~��1U+&�*� )9%k1v6i'*�cl�g*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$%k1½57'É�i143>��%k�f8014'*��)9)$%k)9�,g*14'É�q1U�9gi'i%k)9�,g*14'�/p+&�,g*)9�9g&6ijk1½�Z�i3$%k�9g.-o<� ��®f�

����/p1U�9#��¾EHD$^_MfD4I*·7D_Q§|4G MKQ$D4I¯ÃNIZYwy2Ã&C��FD4Q_O�D_RTA<Y&D_?a?kDS`§I�YKD_Q\Ò.G�IZYKDXC_·7D_Q_RTD_C,CXÃNI&J���e¥%k�9gi�w57'i'ÆÀ�143$jd578*-��\573$jk)}£3$6ig*1�- o<� � � �

�q+ :i%d5 )~/2146*�,g*14jP��¤v+ !,57!$%k+ 'É�w57!$3$%BË°%('�l;���~��- o<���7Ä �@»Z5ºË�-f��'i´ig*+����½:*/r-i¹&�w573,5780�f¡>148 o - � nfo'�ºÄ ¹&!$6i!$!$8K573$!<�/r�Z�¯�;�\573,573,5f�\�2+ 'f£P�T14!$3$%k�T�"57�T143,5 )<�½��'Æ�����p�;�"!$#N%('*)9+ '.-�/2143,576*)$8014:�143<-.��D4·7D_?(AXÍZRwD_I�O§C�`§I¶=@?BA7C<D\E~G INJKD

LFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQXW���� -*�\57´i%(!914j Ä -;¹N14%(!914' ® � ­N� n �*�2´i´ij(%k1U� ¹N�4%k14'*�U1\l�6i:ij(%k)$g*1439) �¼!9�¼-���+ '*�i+ '.- o<� � n ��H�Z/�����'i%k�9#N�T14t014326i'*� ��Z�v%(!9)9�,gi#01��~¤v+ !,57!$%k+ '*)$´�573,57�T14!9143v­���3$6i'*�fjd578014'��V�i3v�f%k1½l�3,5ºËN%k)<��@D_`VO§C4^4MKQX` |4OZ|! NQ

b*D_Q_RwDXC,C_Ã&INJ7C��FDXC<D_I�- o�o<�i¨x� ©_ª Ä ¬�¬s­ Ä ® Ä - o<���7Ä ��S�i�2+ '*1U�4'Kt�6i'*� ���"�.14gi�w57'i'.�>LFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQX`PD4�ze�57j(!9143v�i1��p3$6itN!9143~À�143$jd578*-��"143$j(%('.- Ä �i�26fÁZ57801�- o<� � Ä ����i��3,576*)<�>LFMNA�OPA9J�Q}G RSRwD4OVQ_`xD!#��2G IZY$� ���p�i����jk143HÀ�143$jd578*-*�"+ 'i'.-�¬f�*�26fÁZ57801�- o<���7Ä ����i��3,576*)<�>LFMNA�OPA9J�Q}G RSRwD4OVQ_`xD!#��2G IZY&%K���p�i����jk143HÀ�143$jd578*-*�"+ 'i'.- � �*�26fÁZ57801�- o<��� ®f����*��3,576*)s�vLFMNA�OPA9J�Q}G RSRwD4OVQ_`xD!#��2G IZY'� �"�p�i����jk143pÀ�143$jd578*-Z�"+ 'i'.-Z®f�Z�v6fÁZ57801�- o<���Y� �"6i'K¿0143,�7'*�i143$!9143¾��5 �9gf£

�f3$6*�,#É�i143vÀ�+ 3,576fÁZ57801���"g*+ �w5 )(�¼6igi�w57'i'.�*)\G7MiÑ9D_Q9D_`V^4M0CPÍ�MfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQX`PD�#Éu"QXÃNIZYf?(G<JKD_I�#2[ÆDUO§MNA<YKD_IhÃ&I;Y�y2I��FD_IZY�Ã&I&J&D_I��Æe¥%k�9gf£

�w57'i'�À�143$jd578*-�/214%k�i14j(:�143$8*- m�n�n�n ��H�N�¯�K� %(#&g�57%(jP-,+*�i¹;�K�"14!$g*14j�6i'*�-+*�i�p�K�]�s�pjk+ '*1���µXIZY Q$A<Y Ãi^UOV`VA�I�OPAr[]A<Y&D_QXI�LFMNA�OPA,J Q}G�RrRwD4OVQ_W��.+0+ gi'ce¥%(jk14t/ ¹N+ '*)<-���'*���(-i�p14¡10z+ 3$#�2��Fgi%k�9g*1U)$!9143�2ºeÕ14%('ig*14%(�-27�>3$%k)$:�57'*132�¹&%('i8K57´�+ 391327�q+ 39+0'K!,+i- m�n�nfo �

/r��l@14j(È<143<-¼/2143,576*)98014:;143<�cuvD$A<Y0Ï0OV`dCU^_MfD4)½D4O65ºDr`aI ÒzG IZYKD_C��vÃNIZYwµXINJKD_I*`PD_ÃNQX·7D4QXRwDXCXCXÃNI&Jcµ$µ_-Z�~57'*� o<� �2À�143$jd578�2+ 'i3,5 ��e¥%(!$!�¡F143<-�¹&!$6i!$!$8K573$!<- o<� ��¬f��À�+ 3$!$3,�7801½�i1U)v�v+ '&!,57#&!9)9!$6*�f%(6i�T)2»*14:i3$6�573 o<� ��¬S%('�/�57'i'*+<¿0143<�

�\573$j.¤v%('i'*143<��7v:�143~3,�76i��j(%k�9g*1��p3914gK6i'i8014'.�>¤v14%(g*1¾��/21_�V! m ¬f-i��146i!9)9�9g*1S��1U+&�*�7!$%k),�9g*1\�2+ ����%k)9)$%k+ '.- o<� ¬ � �e��f¤H�i80143<-8+*�il�%k14!9)9�,gi'*143H6i'*�����f¤v148014'*)$:i6i3$80143<�zL>MNA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQ_`xD�#SbqD_Q§|4G MKQ$D4I ÃNIZY�uvD4Q4Ï�O�DU��Àp���hÀ�143$jd578

�V�i3H�~576K¡F1U),14'.-��"143$j(%('.- Ä �*�26fÁZ57801�- o<�Y� �f��S�&/��f¹N�9g&6i!<�@�>+ '*)$!$3$6*�4!$%k+ '�+7�q+ 3$!$g*+ 80+ '�57j��w57!$3$%k�U1U)~57'*�w!$g*14%(3~57´i´ij(%k�<57!$%k+ 'É%('É57'�57j(tN!$%k�<57j;´ig*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$t0�

LFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQX`xG�- o ¬ ¨§Ä ©_ª o4ÄK� ­ o ® m - o<� ¬��92 ¬ � ����q¹N�,gK¡~%k�i1_�x)$#Nt�6i'*�Õ»"�.�~�9#0143$�w57'i'.��LFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQX`PD4�É���q�S�.�q146i:i'*143�À�143$jd578*-�¹&!$6i!$!$8K573$!<- � �.�26fÁZ57801�-

o<�Y� ®f��¾14'�¹&g*+N14�w57#01��½��6ijk143¾�2'i8�jk1w�>+ 'K¿01439)$%k+ '.����'�l�576ij�/21U�,#&:�143$!<-�/2143,576*)$8014:�143<-"u"Q}G_Í�MK`x^_CÉuvD4R�C½µfb.-¼¹N14%(!914'

m�m�m ­ m�m�� �Z�~�<5 �i14��%k�\l�391U)9)<- o<���7Ä ��p�¼�p�.¹&jd57�w5f-¼�p���"g*146i39143�6i'*�Õ¹;�;e��;/214'i3$%(#f)914'.-�/p143,576*)$8014:;143<�r[ÆG I*ÃiG ?�A$|¾LFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQXW��\�2�T143$%k�<57'

¹N+N�4%k14!�tc�x+ 3Hl�g*+ !9+ 8�3,57���T14!$3$t 57'*��¤v14�T+ !91r¹N14'*)$%('i8*- Ä �*�26fÁZ57801�- o<� � n ��>%(j(j~�.3$%(8�80)<-zl�gi%(j(%(´¶�]����576*�9gijd57'.-F¤H%k�9g�5739��/�573$!$jk14t¯6i'*���v'*�f3914¡ »@%(!$ÈU8�%(:i:�+ '.���F6i'*�fjk1��~�7±}6*)$!$�T14'&!�£½�

�]+&�i143$' ¹&tN'K!$g*1U)$%k)<����'¯e��@�.3$%(8�80)<-��r���Z%k),)9143$�w57'Ð6i'*�¯¤���¹&È<14j(%k)9#&%P-@/2143,576*)98014:;143<-�b¼`aCX`xA Iy2? J0A Q_`§O§M&R�C;:Ì�MfD9A QXWÉG IZYSL>Q$G0^UOV`x^,D4-<�����~¹;-Z¹N14%(!914' m�� �s­ �Y� ¬f�;¹&´i3$%('i80143vÀ�143$jd578*- m�n�n�n �

����e�39+ :�14jH6i'*�¶�S����jk14�����=72:;143w�f%k1�Àp143$�T14%k�f6i'i8Ð)$%('i8�6ijd�739143°»��7j(jk1�:�14%v�i143c�>14391U�,gi'K6i'i8�57j(j(8014�T14%('*1433,�76i��j(%k�,g*143S�p3914gi6i'i8014'.� ��'�µXI�O�D_Q_IZG�OV`xA IZG ?@y2Q$^_MK`§·7DXCÉA}|SLFMfA�OPA9J Q$G RSRwD4OVQX`PD�G I;Y�EHD_RTA�O�Dw��D_I*CX`§I&J�-��~57'*�m ¬f-*l�573$!v� � :.-Z¹N14%(!914' o�o ¬ � ­ o�o ® � - o<� � Ä ���}¹Nlz¤p¹°¸pÀÓ�>+ 'i8�391U)9)s- o'� ­ m�� +�6i'*1�-*¤v%k+��i1>+K57'*14%(39+i-��>3,57ÈU%(jP�

Page 55:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

� ��������� �

������ ��� �

À�8�jP��¹N�9g&¡~%k�i1_�V)$#Nt½6i'*�r�~�9#0143$�w57'i' ¨}o<�Y� ®0©_-0¹N14%(!91 o<�fo - �q57:.� o<�fo � o ��57gijk14'&:;14%k)9´i%k14jf�§�i3��f%k1z3,�76i��j(%k�,g*1~��+ ´i´;14jB£´i6i'i#N!914%('*)9�9g�57j(!$6i'i8 ¨ �f%(3914#N!91p57'�57j(tN!$%k)9�,g*1¾Ô23$%k14'&!$%k143$6i'i8T14%('*1U)F�>%(jk�f´�5�57391U)"'�5 �,gc�i143"�>�i'*�i14j(�T14!$g*+&�i1s©_�*¹&%k14g*1576*�,g���1U)$!$:�14%k)$´i%k14j.%(� À�143$È<14%k�9gi'i%k) ���������������������! �"$#&%�'&�(�)'$��%��&*,+&-(.���*!/(.������½�

0214365�147�898;:�7�8=<?>A@$<B1DCFEG3!:�>IHJHJH

K)L!MBN�O)OQP!RTS�U)VTW?XYO[ZG\]Z^\_UB`�UBa!RFb_c)XTd)X�WBeTXgfTWDb�NhV,iTRTKkj,c�LmlkOTn)nToYp)p�qro�p�qsOTnt :&uT7,v�wyx�<B1z<?EJ:&5�<Bw{<?CB<?:[<?:g|~}G�B<D�!��<,�y�~EJw{x�<?1D>��=7!8�<?147!CD>�|~}G�B<D�!������:��!��<F>�HJHJH

�FX)N)c!a�K!MTa!M�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T��Tc,b���RTS�W,��ZTZ)Z� V6bhMTL!R!U q O� f,MFbhRTS)M�U q p� W?���TR�f?a�N�W!VFX�a�U q ������ U q O� jT�gU,RTa�U q n� ��W!U)VBa�VTW?X�fTW,STS�U�Z)q n� j)a)a�VBaBc�K!R_fTW,STS�U�Z)q n

0~7!147�8=<B��<?1���:[x�|y���rEG3!:[<?:�uB��1�� <?EJ:T¡��&CDCF��:h5�x�<B1 t �&C¢5�7�}D<,H

��MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�UT£ � N�a�VTW?XhU�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�¤ VFX�L!iTR�S!MT`kW?N�a�VTWFX q¥W?X�!S�VFX!a_fF¦�R�fDd_MBN)N�S!W,§�V6bhM,a�VTW?XhU q¥W,�T��!S�VFX!a_fF¦�R�fDd�S!MT`�U q¥W,�T��!S�VFX!a_VFX�a!R,S�U,R�fBa�VTW?XgS!R�UFc�i,a�U q¥W?X�!S�VFX!a_V6bhMTL)R�fTW)W,STK�U�Z q¥W?X�!S�VFX!aQc)X)d)X�WBeTXkN�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�U� W?���TR�f?agfTW)W,S)K�U�Z q¥W,�T�� RT§)a!RTS�VTW,S_W,S�VBRBX�a!MTa�VTW?XhU q¥W?X� MTK)K�VBa�VTW?X�M!iQN�M,S!MFbhRTa)RTSgU,RTa�U q¥W,�T�� N�W!U)VBa�VTW?X�fTW,STS!R�fBa�V,W?XhU q¥W,�T�� MTa)a�VBaBc�K!R_fTW,STS!R�fBa�V,W?XhU q¥W,�T�¨�RB�)c!LQ©!�!jTª��«a!MB��i,R q¥W,�T�

ÄK�

Page 56:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬ n

¨�RB�)c!L_VFX�a!R,S�U,R�fBa�VTW?X q¥W,�T��!S�VFX!a�jT�_UBRTa_fTW,STS!R�fBa�V,W?XhU� X)c,b���R,S_W,��L)S�V?KQN�W!VFX!a�U�VFX�§�MBX�K�` q n�§�n

� c�a,NTc�a�W,�QX�W,S?bhM!iQR��,c�MTa�VTW?XhU�Z�V,iTRBX�MFb�R�W,� Z)ZTZ� X�W,S?bhM)i�bhMTa)S�V?§_UBa)S,c�fBa,c�S!R q X�WFX�R� X�W,S?bhM)i�bhMTa)S�V?§ q X�WFX�R� S�VBL,¦�a�¦�MBX�K_U)V?K!R�P!R�f?a�W,S q X�WFX�R� UTW)i?c�a�VTW?X_P!R�f?a�W,S q X�WFX�R

� <D7)CF� �����B�(7!14<?C��^0~7!167!8�<?��<?1 ��:[x |y���rEG3!:�<B:�H

��R)M�U?a � U��,c�MTS!R�U«N�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�UT£)W?N!a�VTW?XhU�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�¤ a!MBX!K!MTS)K�K)RTP�V,MTa�VTW?X�W,�«cTXhVBa�e�R!VBL,¦�a q���Zrn)nTR � n����MT§�V4b�c,b�X)cBb���RTS_W,�kVBa!RTS)MTa�VTW?X�U q pFn©)X)d)X�WBeTXhU�c�U,RTKk��W,SkVBa!RTS)MTa�VTW?X fBS�VBa!RTS�V,W?X� W?���TR�f?a�N�W!VFX�a�fTW)W,S)K�U�Z q¥W,�)�� N�RTS�UFN�R�fBa�VBP)RYfBRBX�a)S!R_f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q¥W,�)�� S�W,a!MTa�VTW?XkN�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�U q¥W?X� V6bhMTL!R�L)R!WDbhRTaTS)`�N�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q¥W,�)�

� W?X�P)RTS)L!RBX�f,R�i!V6b�V?a�U� W?���TR�f?a�N�W!VFX�a�fTW)W,S)K�U�Z q n�Z^n)nhpFn b� N�RTS�UFN�R�fBa�VBP)RYfBRBX�a)S!R_f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q n�Z^n)nhpFn b� S�W,a!MTa�VTW?XkN�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�U q p�Z����TR � n��� V6bhMTL!R�L)R!WDbhRTaTS)`�N�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q p�Zrn)nTR � n)l

��V6b�V?a�W,��U?a)K]Z;K!RTP�Z9a�W�VDX�K�V)f,M,a!R�a,¦�MTa� c)X)d)X�W?eTX�UF¦�W?c�i,K���R�R)i!V6b�VFX�MTa!RTK q p�Zrn)nTR � o)n� P!M!i?c�R_VTU«MBX�cTX)d)X�WBe,X q p�Zrn)nTR��)o)n

��M!i?c�RkW,��U?a)K]Z;K!RTP�Z9a�W�VDX�K�V)f,M,a!R�a,¦�MTa� c)X)d)X�W?eTX�V)U«��V?§!RTK q p�Zrn)nTR � ohp� c)X)d)X�W?eTX�V)U«�)S)R)R q p�Zrn)nTR��)ohp

��R�VBLB¦�a���W,S�UFc)N)N�S)R�U)U)VTWFX WB�«c)X)dTX�WBeTXhU q p�Zrn)nTR��hpFn��R�VBLB¦�a���W,S�fTW?XhUBaTS!M�VFX�a�U q p�Zrn)nTR��hpFn� c�a,NTc�a�i!V6b&VBa�W,�_f,W,S)S!R!i,MTa�VTW?X fTW,RT�)��U q n[Zrl)n�FXhfBS)RFbhRBX�ak�!W,SQX)c,b Z9K!RTS�V?P!MTa�VBP)R�U� W?���TR�f?a�N�W!VFX�a�fTW)W,S)K�VFX�MTa!R!U q p�Zrn)nTR��)n)n b� S�W,a!MTa�VTW?XgMBX�L!iTR�U q p�Zrn)nTR � n)o�S!M,K

��V6b�V?a���W,S_UTVFX�L�iTRkU)VBL,XhV?��V)f,MBX�f,Rka!R�UBa�q p�Zr�����V6b�V?a���W,S�j��^�!P � fD¦�R�fFd q p�Zrn)nTR � nT\��V6b�V?a���W,SQN!S�VFX�a�VDX�LkS!R�U)V?K,c�M!i!U q n[Zrn)n«c,b©)XhVBakW,�kW?���TR�fBagUFN�M�f,R�fTWTW,S)K�U�Z q�b©)XhVBakW,��S�WBa!MTa�VTWFXgMBX�L�iTR!U q L�W?Xj)K��?c�UBa?bhRBX!agVFX�a!RTST�!M�f,R q¥iTMBN�M!fFd

t �! 6CD��<BwJw ��:h5 7�wJw{<B1;�~EJw x�<B1D>�89EJ��uB��5�<Dv#"�1FE�5�<B:$���s7��^EG3�:�<B:�> �=7!8�<?167)C���:�x ��EJw{xT��3T3!14x�EJ:�7��s<B:�89EJ�%�$��7!:�x�7!14x&�7�}�' <?E)(Dv&��:&5�<B:+*s:$��1�}D<BE 5�<?CB<?� uB�s<B1=|y���rEG3!:&,�H

�6bhMTL)R�U�)�)�)�T�)��6bhMTL)R��?¨ q p¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨ q p� MFbhR,S!M��?¨ q pDnhp

Page 57:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬ o

�Tc,b���RTS�W,�QN�W!VFX�a�U q �� W)W,STK]Z�UB`�U?a!RFbYa)`,N�R q V4bhMTL!R

�?¨ §�£DbTb `�£Db)b UB§�£6b)b U?`�£Db)bp)p p���Zrn�p?OTn �T��Zr���)oTn n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)npFo l)l�Z�� �)n)n l�p�Z4pFoT\)n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nohp pFo�Zro��!OTn � �)��Zro��Tn)n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)no)o l!O[ZsOB\!n)n � l)n�Zrn!O �)n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)np?O ��p�Z ���Tl)n lTn�Z������,n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nO�p pD\]Z ��pFl)n � n�ZsOTohpDn n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nO)O \!��ZrlTl)n)n � n�Z �)l!O,n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nOTo l���Z4p6\!n)n � p�ZroT\ �Tn n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)no!O \!l�ZrnTo �Tn � �)��Zr���)OTn n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)n

�6bhMTL)R��?¨ q¥O¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨ q¥O� MFbhR,S!M��?¨ q pDnhp�Tc,b���RTS�W,�QN�W!VFX�a�U q �� W)W,STK]Z�UB`�U?a!RFbYa)`,N�R q V4bhMTL!R

�?¨ §�£DbTb `�£Db)b UB§�£6b)b U?`�£Db)bp)p � �)o�Zr�To)n)n �Tl�Z �)n��Tn n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)npFo � �[ZsO��)OTn �Tl�Z4pFlT\)n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nohp � �)��Z4pFO)OTn � �)l�Zrl��T�)n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)no)o � ��ZrlTl��)n � l)n�Zrn)lT�)n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)np?O � o)��Zr���To)n �Tl�Z^\ �)oTn n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nO�p � ����ZrnTn��)n n�Zrn)o��Tn n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nO)O � \�O[ZsO,nhpFn � p�Zrn!O)O,n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)nOTo � ��Z �Tn��)n � O[Z4p)p?O,n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)no!O � \)\]Z^\)o)l)n � �)��Z �)o��)n n�ZrnTn��)n n[Zrn)n��)n�;7�8=<B147!C

� MFbhR,S!M�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�� MFbhR,S!M��?¨ q pDnhp� MFbhR,S!M�a)`,N�R q �TS!MFbhR� WDb)b�RBX�a q ª����� W)W,STK]Z�UB`�U?a!RFbYa)`,N�R q V4bhMTL!R�W!f,M)i�iTRBX�LTa,¦ q � � p��Tn�Zrn)nTn)n b)b�!S�VFX�f)VFN�M!i«N�W!VFX�a q §BN � n�Zrn)nTn)n b)b `,N � n[Zrn)n)n)n b)b�6bhMTL)R���W,S?b�MTa q U?§ � O,o)n�Zrn)nTn)n b)b UB` � OToTn�Zrn)n)nTn b)b

� <s5h<,}D<B:�< |�}G�B<6��� ��3T3!14x�EJ:�7��s<B:�8;EJ� �$��7!:[x�7!16x�7�}�' <BE)(6v���:h5h<?:[H t �! D1F��:�x x�<B1 ���s7�:�x�7!14x�7�}�' <?E)(Dv&��:&5�<B: ' <B1��x�<B:Qx!EG< 02��:&���s<�5�<D��<B:(:�uT<?E)(Dv&:[<?��� ��(Dv&:$EJ�^� ����@$<B14��:��T�� D��:&5!Cr�[��:&���s< *���,T> 0~7!C6Cr�[��:&���s< *��� !,9��:[x��=3!:(�r143�wJw �����:&����< *��� ,�H

� ���TR!fBaQN�W!VDX�a_fTW)WBS)K�VFX�M,a!R�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�� ���TR!fBaQN�W!VDX�a�a)`,N�R�qVFX � VDX�a!RTS�UBR�fBa�VTWFX���fTW � fTWFX�a)S�W)iQN�W)VFX�a�� fD¦ � fF¦�R!fFdkN�W!VFX!a

Page 58:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬ m

��W!VFX!a_�?¨ ��£6b ��£6b �!£Db U���£Db U���£6b U��!£Dbp)p �Tn)l)o[ZsOTn � �Tl �)O[Z^n)�)� �)O���Zr�)O�� p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWpFo ���)l)n[Zrn!OTn �T�)n���Z^o�� � ���hp�Z��B\!� p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWohp �)O�pFn[Zrl��)� \�O��Tl�ZG\)\ � \ �hp�Zrl�pFn p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWo)o �T�)n)�[ZsO��T\ \!ohpD\]ZrOTl)o \&���[Z^\)lT\ p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWp?O �,\!o)n[Z ���!O �Tl�����Z^���hp �TnT\]Z4pD�!O p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXO�p ��pD\&��Z �T\)\ �TnT\!n�Z^n!O�� �TnT\]Z4pD�!O p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXO)O �,\!� ��Z^\&�T� �Tn��)n�Z �)l)n �TnT\]Z4pD�!O p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXOTo �Tl ����Zrn��)� ��pFn!O[ZrO)O�� �TnT\]Z4pD�!O p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXo!O �����Tl[ZsO��T\ \�OTlT\]Z �)l)n �TnT\]Z4pD�!O p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFX

�Tc,b���RTS�W,��WF���TR�fBa«N�W!VFX�a�U«e�VBa,¦�aT`,N�RVFX!a!RTS�U,R!fBa�VTW?X q �fTWFX�a)S�W)i q \fF¦�R�fFd q na�WBa!M!i q �0~7!147�8=<B��<?1zx�<?1������ <?14< |I1FEG<?:$�^EG<B1F��:h5 89EJ� �$��7!:[x�7�14x�7�}!' <BE)(6v���:h5h<?:[H

� §)a!R,S�VTW,S�WBS�V,RBX�a)MTa�VTW?X�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨ q p� §,N�W)UFc�S!R�a�V6bhR�q n[Zrn)n)n)nkU�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦�V � WDbhR,L!M � d�M?N)N�M � S�W,a!M,a!RTK����M,S!MFb Z ¤ a!M,a!R ��M)i?c�R ¤ a)K�Z^K!RTP]Z��W c)X)d �Tn)n)n�Z ��� � p�Z^n)R��)ohp��W c)X)d �Tn!O���Z^oT\!o p�Z^n)R��)ohp�!W c)X)d pF�)����Z^o ��� p�Z^n)R��)ohpN)¦�V c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n p�Z^n)R��)ohpWDb�RTL!M c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n p�Z^n)R��)ohpd�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Z����Tn��hp p�Z^n)R��)ohp

ª�W,a!M,a�VTW?XQb�MTa)S�VB§�qn�Zr�)�T\��)�T\&� � n[Z4pFn!OTl��)ohp n�Z^n)n)n)n)nTn)nn�Z4pFn!O,l��)ohp n[Zr�)�T\ �T�T\&� � n[Zrn)n)n)nTn)n)nn�Zrn)n)nTn)n)n)n n[Zrn)n)n)nTn)n)n p�Z^n)n)n)n)nTn)n¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨ q O� §,N�W)UFc�S!R�a�V6bhR�q n[Zrn)n)n)nkU�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦�V � WDbhR,L!M � d�M?N)N�M � S�W,a!M,a!RTK����M,S!MFb Z ¤ a!M,a!R ��M)i?c�R ¤ a)K�Z^K!RTP]Z��W c)X)d �T�hpFl�ZrO��To p�Z^n)R��)ohp��W c)X)d ��pFoT\]Z^n!OTo p�Z^n)R��)ohp�!W c)X)d OTn!O)O[Z^nhpD\ p�Z^n)R��)ohpN)¦�V c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n p�Z^n)R��)ohpWDb�RTL!M c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n p�Z^n)R��)ohpd�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Zrl)���hp�� p�Z^n)R��)ohp

ª�W,a!M,a�VTW?XQb�MTa)S�VB§�qn�Zr�)�T\hpFo)l�� � n[Z4pFn)lhpTp?OT� n�Z^n)n)n)n)nTn)nn�Z4pFn)l�p)p?OT� n[Zr�)�T\&pDo)l�� � n[Zrn)n)n)nTn)n)nn�Zrn)n)nTn)n)n)n n[Zrn)n)n)nTn)n)n p�Z^n)n)n)n)nTn)n

Page 59:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬ �

��<?CF�^EJ8;89��:&5��)3�:����Tv�<B1F��:h5�C�' <?1F��<?: x���1 (6v @$3!1�' ��1F�GCDC�(6v�:(EJ�r�sH �[3 ?<?1F:g��<BEJ:�<�� �,v(<?1F��:&5!C�' <B1F�s< 5h<s5�<T}D<?:'���14x�<B: ' <?16x�<B:�7!�&C¢5h<6v(<?:[x��!3!:Qx�<?:�5�<s5h<,}D<B:�<B: �!�&CDCB<?16<?:�|I1FEG<B:(�rEG<?1F��:&5�<B:«x!EG<��z<B�T����:��!��<Ax���1 (6v�1 �!��8 �w E)(6v(<?:�@$3!1�' ��1F�GCDC�(6v�:(EJ�r� }D<FCF�rEJ898;�sH t w C��I1^5�<T}B:(E C '�EJ16x x�<B1�EJ�r�s<Bw ' <B1F��7!�&Ck7!wJw{<B:�8 "45�w E)(Dv�<B:�� �^��EJw{x&��;3�8=}BEJ:�7��^EG3�:�<B: �!<?1�' <B:�x�<?��H t (Dv&�r��:h5h����C�� :[x�<B�2��<BEJ:�<�� }D<?1r�[1 �! D��:h5 x�<?1 � (6v�:(EJ�r� 5h<?:[7!��E�5)��<BEJ�~CF��7!�r�sH���CE CD�Ix�7Tv�<B1z:�3�� ' <B:�x�E�5�C�(Dv&w{<BE ?<B:�x�< � (6v�:(EJ�r�s< uB���)<B1F8=<BEGx�<B:�H

����� ¤ a!MTS)agVDXhVBa�V,M)i!V��!RkMTK!�?chUBa?b�RBX�a� M!i!fDc�iTMTa!R�WF���TR�fBa«N�W!VFX�a�M?N)N�S�W,§�V6bhMTa�V,W?XhU�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�!�)�T�)��� `kUFN�MTa�VBM!i�VFX�a!R,S�U,R�fBa�VTW?X �

�!£Db ��£Db �!£6b R!£Db�Tc,b���RTS�W,�_VDX�a!RTS�UBR�fBa�VTWFX_N�W!VFX�a�U q9n��W,a!M)i�MTP!RTS)MTL!R�K�V)U?a!MBXhf,R�WB��S!MT`�U�q;R��Db�R)MBX � �)�)� b

� "!C!(Dv�<B:«:$E)(6v����!<B1�' <?:[x�<B�s<B1 |�} �B<D��� �[��:&���s<?> �!��� <B14<?1�|I1FEG<B:(�rEG<?1F��:&5�<B:�> �=7!8�<B147)CD>2<B��(TH

� iTR)M?X�c)N�)�)�)�T�)�)�)� ª�RFbhW,P!R«c)XTchU,RTK_W?���TR�fBaQN�W!VFX�a�U�� ��� U �;jBNhU,RTa�U���RTa�f�Z �

�Tc,b���RTS�W,��S)RFb&W,P!R,K�Z)Z)Z� V6bhMTL!R!U q9n� f,MFbhRTS)M�U q9n� W?���TR�f?a�N�W!VFX�a�U q9n����� U q9n� jT�gU,RTa�U q9n� ��W!U)VBa�VTW?X�fTW,STS]Z q9n� j)a)a�VBaBc�K!R_fTW,STS]Z q9n

* � 0 ��� ,�� <?EJ�rEJ:(��<B1��)7�wJw{H t : ?7!:&5!C��s> �2:�xTuT<?EJ� ��:[x!� <BEJ�sx�7!�(<B1 8;EJ� x�<B1 �!�&CDCB<?16<?:�|I1FEG<?:$�^EG<B1F��:h5 <"�T�^w H$5h<s5�<T}D<?:[H# ��1Ax�EG< 0�3)CFEJ�^EG3�:�C�����:[x � 7,5�<D��3!1F14<D�!�r��1���:�}D<Dx!EJ:&5��I<?1 ?3�14x�<B1Fw E)(Dv�H

��V6bhRkVFX�a!RTSTP!M!i�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�a$�Db�VDX � n�Z^n)n)n)n_Ua$�DbhM,§ � n�Z^n)n)n)n_UK,c�S!M,a�VTW?X�KTa � n�Z^n)n)n)n_Uª�RT�!R,S!RBXhf,R�a�V6bhR�a!n � a$�6b�VFX � � n�Zrn)n)nTn_U

t :&uT7,v�wyx�<B1 �~EJw x�<B1D> �=7!8�<?167)CD>�|�} �B<D�!������:��!��<?>�<?� (,H�x�EG<=7!:�x�<?1 t �&C¢5�w{<BE)(6v���:h5 �s<BEJw :�<Dv&8�<B:�H

¨�MTa!MQK!RT��VFX�RTK���W,S�MTK��?chU?a?bhRBX�a�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)��6bhMTL)R�U q O� MFbhR,S!M�U q p� §)a!R,S�VTW,S�WBS�V,RBX�a)MTa�VTW?X�U q Oj)K)K�V?a�VTW?X�M)i«N�MTS!MFb�RTa!RTSgU,R,a�U q n��W!U)V?a�VTW?XYf,W,S)S!R�f?a�VTW?XhU q nj)a)a�V?a,c�K!R�f,W,S)S!R�f?a�VTW?XhU q n� ���TR!fBaQN�W!VDX�a�U a�WBa!M!i � q �� W?X�aTS�W)i N�W)VFX�a�U q \� ¦�R�fDd�N�W!VFX!a�U q n

Page 60:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬ Ä

t :&uT7,v�wIx�<?1���<D3�}D7 (6v��^��:&5�<B:�>���<Dx�EJ:h5���:h5h<?: * (D3!:�CF�r147!EJ:$�GC�, ��:[x�� :�}D<D��7�:(:(��<B:�H � <B�^14<B:(:$� :�7 (Dv t 1F�Ax�<B1�y:�}D<D��7�:(:$�s<B:���:�x�x!EG< �B<!' <BEJw E�5h< t :&uT7,v�w x�<B19}D<D3�}D7 (Dv&��<?��<B: * 3�}?C�,=��:[x <Bw EJ89EJ:$EG<?1F��<B:+* <Bw E ,��y:�}D<D��7�:(:$�s<B:�H

�Tc,b���RTS�W,��WF�hU,RTS)P)MTa�VTW?X�U �;c)X)d)X�W?eTXhU�MBX�K�S!RTK,c)X!K!MBXhfB`�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�!�)�T�)�!�)�)�)�T�!�)�)�)�!�� �hU,R,S)P!MTa�V,W?XhU�q�4bhMTL!R«N�W!VFX�agfTWTW,S)K�VFX�MTa!R�U q pFl

�!W,a!M!i XTc,b���RTS_WB��W?�hU,R,S)P!MTa�V,W?XhU q o��©)X)d)X�WBeTXhU�q a�W,a!M!i a,¦�RTS!R)W,�W?�hU$Z R)i!V�Z

� ���TR�fBa�N�W!VFX�a_f,W)W,S)K�VDX�MTa!R�U q O�� n p?O� §)a!RTS�V,W,S_W,S�V,R?X�a!MTa�V,W?XhU q p?O n njTK)K�VBa�V,W?X�M!iQN�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�U q n n n��W!U)VBa�V,W?X�fTW,S)S)R�fBa�VTWFXhU q n n njTa)a�VBa,c!K!R_fTW,S)S)R�fBa�VTWFXhU q n n n�!W,a!M!i XTc,b���RTS_WB�Qc)X)d)X�WBeTXhU q o)� n p?O

� W?XhU?a)S!M�VFX!a�U q nª�RTK,cTX�K!MBXhf?` q �� iTMBN�U,RTK_fFNTc�a�V6bhRQa�WkVFXhV?a�V,M!i!V"�!RkMTK��?c�UBa?bhRBX!a]q�n�Zrn)n�U

��<s5�EJ:(:�x�<?1��?�s<B147��^EG3�:�CDC�(6v�w{<?E ?<TH���H��F��<B147!�rEG3!:(C6C�(Dv&1FEJ�r�sH

����� ¤ a!MTS)agV?a!RTS!MTa�VTW?XYi)W)WFN�Ba!RTS)MTa�VTW?XkXTc,b���RTS p�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�

� :�x�<B1F��:h5h<B: x�<?1 ��:[}6<D��7!:(:$�s<B:_0~7!167!8�<?��<?1BHAEG<?1 x�<B1 � :�x�<B1F��:h5_x�<B1 ����� <?16<?: |I1FEG<?:$�^EG<B1F��:h5hH��&<�' <BEJw C89EJ�����,v(<?1F��:&5!C�' <B1F� * t ����163� �,)> � :�x�<B1F��:h5 *��]v(7!:&5�< , ��:�x 7��&C¢5�<Bw E)(Dv�<B:�<��y:[}D<6��7!:$:(��< * t x �F�&CF�s<Dx ,�H

� §)a!R,S�VTW,S�WBS�V,RBX�a)MTa�VTW?X�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q p�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q O����MDbhR ¤ a!M,a!R j,N)N�S!W,§]Z � ¦�MBX�L!R jTK��?chUBa)RTK��W c)X)d �Tn)n)n�Z ��� � � p�ZsOT�!O \)�)�)��Z^\��)o��W c)X)d �Tn!O���Z^oT\!o � O ��Zro)n)o �,n)n)n�Zrn,\!n�!W c)X)d pF�)����Z^o ��� O�Zrl)o!O O,n)n)n�Z4pDl)�N)¦�V c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n � n�Z^nhp?OTo�� � n�Zrnhp?O,o��WDb�RTL!M c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n p�Z^l)o)����� p�Zrl)o)�����d�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Z����Tn��hp � n�ZG\!� �)O�� �[Zrn�� �,\T\

¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q O�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q¥o)o��MDbhR ¤ a!M,a!R j,N)N�S!W,§]Z � ¦�MBX�L!R jTK��?chUBa)RTK

Page 61:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬�¬

��W c)X)d �T�hpFl�ZrO��To � O�p�Z��Tn)l �,l)����Z �,\&���W c)X)d ��pFoT\]Z^n!OTo � �To�Zrl)�T\ �,n��)n�Z4pFOT��!W c)X)d OTn!O)O[Z^nhpD\ pDn�ZsO,\ � O,n)o!O[ZsO �hpN)¦�V c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n � n�Z^�T\!n)n)� � n�Zr�T\!nTn)�WDb�RTL!M c)X)d n�Zrn)nTn)n)n O[Z^�)o��T\ � O�Zr�)o��T\��d�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Zrl)���hp�� n�Z¢pFo����T\ �[Zrn)o!OT�Tn

EJ�r�rw{<?16< � :[x�<B1F��:h5h<?:Qx�<?1 � :�}D<D��7�:(:(��<B:�H � <?�r14<B:(:(� ��1zx!EG<�|�} �B<D�!� ��3,3�14x!EJ:[7!��<?:(>2x!EG< �y7B5h<9x�<FC 02143 �B<6���rE �3!:�C4uT<B:(�r1F��8zC ��:�x x�EG<��z14<Dv '�EJ:���<Bw{H

j)P!RTS)MTL!R�fF¦�MBX�L!R�W,� c)X)d)X�WBeTXkN�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�U� WF���TR�fBa�N�W!VFX�a_f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q p�ZrO�pFo)R��Tnhp b� N�RTS�UFN�R!fBa�VBP!Rgf,R?X�a)S!R�f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q O[Z¢p)pFl)R��Tnhp b� S!W,a!MTa�V,W?XkN�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q p�Z ��� �TR � n!O� L)R!WDbhRTaTS)`�N�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q �)�)�

t :&uT7,v�wyx�<B1 � <63�}D7 (Dv&�r��:h5h<?:(> �y:[}6<D��7!:(:$�s<B: ��:[x9� <6x�EJ:h5���:h5h<?:(>���<Dx���:�x�7�:&u?>�x!EG< ����898�<vtPv

��:�x x�EG<�$��7!:�x�7!14x�7�}�' <?E)(Dv&��:&5 x�<B1 � <!'�E)(Dv&�^CB<?EJ:�v�<BEJ�~7 ��3!CF�s<B1FEG3!1FE

σ0

H

�Tc,b���RTS�W,��WF�hU,RTS)P)MTa�VTW?X�U q o���Tc,b���RTS�W,�QcTX)d)X�WBe,XhU q o)� a,¦�RTS)R!W,�]q=nkWF�hU�Z�p?O«R!i!V6b Z ��Tc,b���RTS�W,�_f,W?XhUBa)S)M�VFX�a�U q nª�RTK,cTX�K!MBXhf?` q �P)a,N�P q \]Z �!OTR � nT�¤ VBL?b�M�n�M«N�W!UBa!RTS�VTW,S�V q¥O[ZrOT�)R � n���;3�898�<B:(��7!1D> EJ: ' <Bw (Dv�<B1 �y:[}D<6��7!:$:(��<?:«x�<?: �;3�: �!<?1r5�<B:&u����$<FCF� :$E)(6v��I<B1 ��wJw � '���14x�<TH

� W?X�P)RTS)L!RBX�f,R_fF¦�R�fDd��!M�VTi,RTK�MTa�?¨ q�p�)`BN�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K����M,S!MFbhRTa)RTS qAN)¦hV

��< (6v(<?:�uT<?EJ�� ��1zx�<B: �F��<B147!�rEG3!:(C6C�(Dv&1FEJ�r�sH

� iTMBN�U,RTK_fFNTc�a�V6bhR N�RTS_VBa)RTS!MTa�V,W?Xyq=n�ZrnTn_U ��UTWTi?c�a�VTWFXYW?X�i,`]q=n[Zrn)n�U�hH �F��<B147!�rEG3!:(C6C�(Dv&1FEJ�r�sH

�Ba!RTS)MTa�VTW?XkXTc,b���RTS O�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�� §)a!R,S�VTW,S�WBS�V,RBX�a)MTa�VTW?X�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q p�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q O����MDbhR ¤ a!M,a!R j,N)N�S!W,§]Z � ¦�MBX�L!R jTK��?chUBa)RTK

Page 62:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬�®

��W c)X)d \!�)�)��ZG\ �)o n[ZsOTlT\ \)�)�)��Z �������W c)X)d �Tn)n)n�Z^nT\!n � n�ZsOTn�� \)�)�)��ZrlToT\�!W c)X)d OTn)n)n�Z¢pFl)� � n�Z4pF� � pD�)�)��Zr�T�T\N)¦�V c)X)d � n�ZrnhpFOTo�� � n�Z^n)nhpFl)� � n�ZrnhpD\!O,\WDb�RTL!M c)X)d p�Zrl)oT����� n�Z^n)n����)o p�ZrlT\ �)oT�d�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Zrn����,\)\ � n�Z^n)n)ohp�� �[Zrn��!O)O �

¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q O�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q¥o)o��MDbhR ¤ a!M,a!R j,N)N�S!W,§]Z � ¦�MBX�L!R jTK��?chUBa)RTK��W c)X)d �Tl)����Z �T\&� n[Zrn)l � �,l)����ZrlTo)n��W c)X)d �Tn��)n�Z¢p?OT� n[Z4p!�)O �,n��)n�ZsO,lhp�!W c)X)d OTn)o!O[ZrO��hp � p�Zrlhp)p O,n)o)n�Z^\T\!�N)¦�V c)X)d � n�Zr�T\)n)n)� n�Z^n!O�p?O)O � n�Zr�hpFlTl��WDb�RTL!M c)X)d O[Zr�)o��T\ � � n�Z^n)n)�)n)l O�Zr�!OTl)oTld�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Zrn)o)OT�)n n�Z^n)n)n ��� �[Zrn)o)oT\��

j)P!RTS)MTL!R�fF¦�MBX�L!R�W,� c)X)d)X�WBeTXkN�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�U� WF���TR�fBa�N�W!VFX�a_f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q l�Z^o)���)R � nhp b� N�RTS�UFN�R!fBa�VBP!Rgf,R?X�a)S!R�f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q \]Z �����TR � nhp b� S!W,a!MTa�V,W?XkN�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q p�Z¢pD\!o)R � nT\� L)R!WDbhRTaTS)`�N�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q �)�)��Tc,b���RTS�W,��WF�hU,RTS)P)MTa�VTW?X�U q o���Tc,b���RTS�W,�QcTX)d)X�WBe,XhU q o)� a,¦�RTS)R!W,�]q=nkWF�hU�Z�p?O«R!i!V6b Z ��Tc,b���RTS�W,�_f,W?XhUBa)S)M�VFX�a�U q nª�RTK,cTX�K!MBXhf?` q �P)a,N�P q¥O[Z^l)l)R � pDn¤ VBL?b�M�n�M«N�W!UBa!RTS�VTW,S�V q �[Z � �TR � n��� W?X�P)RTS)L!RBX�f,R_fF¦�R�fDd��!M�VTi,RTK�MTa�?¨ q�p�)`BN�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K����M,S!MFbhRTa)RTS qAN)¦hV

� iTMBN�U,RTK_fFNTc�a�V6bhR N�RTS_VBa)RTS!MTa�V,W?Xyq=n�Zrn�pQU ��UTWTi?c�a�VTWFXYW?X�i,`]q=n[Zrn)n�U� H �F��<B147!�rEG3!:(C6C�(Dv&1FEJ�r�sH

�Ba!RTS)MTa�VTW?XkXTc,b���RTS o�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�� §)a!R,S�VTW,S�WBS�V,RBX�a)MTa�VTW?X�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q p�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q O����MDbhR ¤ a!M,a!R j,N)N�S!W,§]Z � ¦�MBX�L!R jTK��?chUBa)RTK��W c)X)d \!�)�)��Z � ��� n[Zrn)n)n \)�)�)��Z �������W c)X)d \!�)�)��Z^l)oT\ n[Zrn)n)n \)�)�)��ZrlToT\

Page 63:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬��

�!W c)X)d pF�)�)��Z^�)�T\ n[Zrn)n)n pD�)�)��Zr�T�T\N)¦�V c)X)d � n�Zrnhp6\�O,\ n�Z^n)n)n)nhp � n�ZrnhpD\!OToWDb�RTL!M c)X)d p�ZrlT\��)o)� � n�Z^n)n)n)n)n p�ZrlT\ �)oT�d�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Zrn��)O)O�� n�Z^n)n)n)n)n �[Zrn��!O)O �¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q O�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q¥o)o��MDbhR ¤ a!M,a!R j,N)N�S!W,§]Z � ¦�MBX�L!R jTK��?chUBa)RTK��W c)X)d �Tl)����Z^l)o)n � n�Zrn)nhp �,l)����Zrl)OT���W c)X)d �Tn��)n�ZrOTlhp � n�Zrn)n!O �,n��)n�ZsO �)��!W c)X)d OTn)o)n�ZG\)\!� n[Zrn)n!O O,n)o)n�Z^\ ��pN)¦�V c)X)d � n�Zr�hpDl)l�� � n�Z^n)n)n)nT\ � n�Zr�hpFlT�!OWDb�RTL!M c)X)d O[Zr�!O,l)o)l n�Z^n)n)n)n�� O�Zr�!OTlT\T\d�M?N)N�M c)X)d ��Zrn)oToT\ � � n�Z^n)n)n)n!O �[Zrn)o)oT\ �

j)P!RTS)MTL!R�fF¦�MBX�L!R�W,� c)X)d)X�WBeTXkN�MTS)MFbhRTa!R,S�U� WF���TR�fBa�N�W!VFX�a_f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q p�Z �T\!n)R � n)o b� N�RTS�UFN�R!fBa�VBP!Rgf,R?X�a)S!R�f,W)W,S)K�U$Z q ��Z^o)�)l)R � nT\«b� S!W,a!MTa�V,W?XkN�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q o�Z � �To)R � n��� L)R!WDbhRTaTS)`�N�MTS!MDbhRTa!RTS�U q �)�)��Tc,b���RTS�W,��WF�hU,RTS)P)MTa�VTW?X�U q o���Tc,b���RTS�W,�QcTX)d)X�WBe,XhU q o)� a,¦�RTS)R!W,�]q=nkWF�hU�Z�p?O«R!i!V6b Z ��Tc,b���RTS�W,�_f,W?XhUBa)S)M�VFX�a�U q nª�RTK,cTX�K!MBXhf?` q �P)a,N�P q¥O[Z^l��)R � pDn¤ VBL?b�M�n�M«N�W!UBa!RTS�VTW,S�V q �[Z �T\!R � n��� iTMBN�U,RTK_fFNTc�a�V6bhR N�RTS_VBa)RTS!MTa�V,W?Xyq=n�ZrnTn_U ��UTWTi?c�a�VTWFXYW?X�i,`]q=n[Zrn)n�U

�F��<?147��^EG3�:�C4��1FEJ�s<B1FEG<?: '���14x�<B:�<B1 ��wJw ��H t :&uT7,v�wyx�<B1z}D<?:�"!�rE�5���<B: �F��<B147!�rEG3!:(C6C�(Dv&1FEJ�r�s<z��:�x ��< (6v(<?:�uT<?EJ��H

����� �Ba!RTS!M,a�VTW?X fBS�V?a!RTS�VTWFXYi!V6b�VBa«¦�M�U���RTRBX�S!R)M!fF¦�RTK]Z�Tc,b���RTS�W,�_V?a!RTS!MTa�VTW?XhU�q=o��W,a!M)ikfFN)c�a�V6bhR���WBS_VBa!RTS)MTa�VTW?X�U q9n�Zrn�pQU

t �&C 5�w{<BE)(6v���:h5�CF�s<?CF�sH

� ¦�R�fDd_MTK��?c�UBa?bhRBX!a_W?X�j �^�)P � n�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�j �^�!Pki!V6b�VBa�q p�ZrnTR � nT\�Tc,b���RTS�W,��j��^�!P � P)M!i?c�R�U���i!V6b�VBa q9n

@$<?1B}D<?CDC?<B1F��:h5h<B: * ��<?CFEGx!�(<B:&,�EJ: x�<B:k��EJw{x,��3T3!14x�EJ:�7!��<B:�H �AEG<�0~7!CDC^�[��:&���s< ' <B14x�<B: < ��r147 5h<D��<B:(:�u,<BE)(Dv&:�<B�89EJ���)(D3!:$�^143�w?�(3!EJ:$� ?3!1��GH EJ�r��<?w ' <B1F����:�x ���� ���=<?1F��5h<?�r14<B:(:(�[:[7 (Dv

x/y�G�=3!8���3�:�<B:(��< ��12x�7)C �2EJ:&uT<Bw{}BEJw{x�H

ª�R�U)V?K,c�M!i!U�WB��V6bhM,L!R_fTW)W,STK�U�Z�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)���V6b�V?a���W,SQN!S�VFX�a�VDX�LkS!R�U)V?K,c�M!i!U$q n�Zrn)n c,b

Page 64:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬��

�6bhMTL)R��?¨�q p��W)VFX�a_�?¨ P)§�£?c,b P)`!£?c,b �JP��G£Fc,b

p)p � o�ZsOTo O�ZsOTl o�Z^� � fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �pFo � n�Z^\&p � p�Zrn)o p�Z¢p)p fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �ohp ��Zro)l p�Z��Tl ��Z ��� fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �o)o � O[Z ��� � ��Z4pF� �[Z^l)l fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �p?O n�Zrn)n � n[ZsO�p n�ZrO�pO�p n�ZrnT\ O�Z��,\ O[Z �,\O)O n�ZrnT\ O�Z^\ � O[ZG\ �OTo � n�Zrn�� � \�Z4pFn \]Z¢pFno!O n�Zrn�� p�Z �T\ p�Z �T\�Tc,b���RTS�W,�QN�W!VFX�a�U q �ª�� ¤ W,��S!R�UTVBK,c�M!i)U q O[Z�� � O[Z ���j)P!RTS)MTL!RkW,��S!R�U)VBKBc�M!i!U q n�Zrn�p n�Zrn�p�6bhMTL)R��?¨�q;O��W)VFX�a_�?¨ P)§�£?c,b P)`!£?c,b �JP��G£Fc,b

p)p o�Zr� � p�Z��Tl \]ZrO�� fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �pFo � n�Z���� p�Zr�T\ O[Z^n!O fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �ohp o�Zr��� � \�Z �)n ��Z¢p!� fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �o)o � ��Zro)o o[Z��To l�Z¢pD\ fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a��!W,S � � �p?O n�Zrnhp n[ZsO)O n�ZrO)OO�p � n�Zrn)l � O�Z���� O[Z ���O)O � n�Zrn)l � O�Z^\!� O[ZG\!�OTo n�Z4pFo \�Z4p�� \]Z¢p��o!O � n�Zrn�� � p�Z �T\ p�Z �T\�Tc,b���RTS�W,�QN�W!VFX�a�U q �ª�� ¤ W,��S!R�UTVBK,c�M!i)U q o�ZrnTl O[Zrl��j)P!RTS)MTL!RkW,��S!R�U)VBKBc�M!i!U q � n�Z^nhp � n�Z^nhp

EJ�r��<?w ' <B1F� ��:[x ���� ���=<?1F� 5h<?�r14<B:(:$� :�7 (6vx/y

�G�=3!8���3�:�<B:(��< ��1A7!wJw{< �~EJw x�<B1BH t :(��<?EJw]x�<?1 @$<B1B}D<FCDCB<?1F��: �5�<B:�7�:Qx�<B1 �$��7!:[x�7�14x�7�}!' <BE)(6v���:h5 x�<B1 � <!'�E)(Dv&�^CB<?EJ:�v�<BEJ�sH

¤ c,b)b�MTS)`���WBSkM!i)ikV4bhMTL!R«N�W!VFX�a�U�WB��M!i)i�V6bhMTL!R!U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�!�)�T�)�!�)�)�)�T�P)§�£Fc,b P)`�£Fc,b��W,a!M)i X)c,b���RTS�W,�QN�W!VFX�a�U q pFlª�� ¤ W,��S!R�UTVBK,c�M!i)U q O[ZrlTo O[Zrl�pj)P!RTS)MTL!RkW,��S!R�U)VBKBc�M!i!U q � n�Z^n)n n�ZrnTn� W?X�aTS�VF�)c�a�VTW?X_a�WQPTa,N�PkMBX!K_U)VBL?b�M�n�q O[Zrl��T\)R � pFn«b��TO �[Z �,\Qc,bª�RTK,cTX�K!MBXhf?` q ������ ª�R�U)VBKBc�M!ikW?c�aBN)c�ak��VTi,RQe!S�VBaTa!RBXyq;a!R!UBa]Z^S!R!U

t �&C 5h7�}D<9x�<B197!�&C¢5h<r5�w E)(Dv�<B:�<B: 0~7�147!8�<B�s<B1BH

����� �VFX�M!i MTK��?chU?a!RTK�� c)XTd)X�WBeTXkN�MTS!MFbhR,a!RTS�U ��� �

Page 65:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ¬ �

� ���TR!fBaQN�W!VDX�a_fTW)WBS)K�VFX�M,a!R�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�� ���TR!fBaQN�W!VDX�a�a)`,N�R�qVFX � VDX�a!RTS�UBR�fBa�VTWFX���fTW � fTWFX�a)S�W)iQN�W)VFX�a�� fD¦ � fF¦�R!fFdkN�W!VFX!a��W!VFX!a_�?¨ ��£6b ��£6b �!£Db U���£Db U���£6b U��!£Db

p)p �Tn)l)o[ZsOTn � �Tl �)O[Z^n)�)� �)O���Zr�)O�� p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWpFo ���)l)n[Zrn!OTn �T�)n���Z^o�� � ���hp�Z��B\!� p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWohp �)O�pFn[Zrl��)� \�O��Tl�ZG\)\ � \ �hp�Zrl�pFn p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWo)o �T�)n)�[ZsO��T\ \!ohpD\]ZrOTl)o \&���[Z^\)lT\ p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWp?O �,\!ohp�Z^\!l)� �Tl��)��Z^o �T� �,\!��Z �To)� p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXO�p ��pD\ �[Zro)l�� �Tn ���[Z ���T\ \!lT\]Zr�T� � p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXO)O �,\!� ��Z �)l�� �Tn)l!O[Z �T\&p �Tn���Z ���)l p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXOTo �TlT\)\�Z4p��!O ��pFn)��Z^l�� � �)OTl�Z^\!OTo p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFXo!O �����T�[Zr�T\)\ \�OTl���Z¢p��T\ \ �)o�Z^\)�)� p�Z^n)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)ohp p�Zrn)R��)o�p VFX�Tc,b���RTS�W,��WF���TR�fBa«N�W!VFX�a�U«e�VBa,¦�aT`,N�RVFX!a!RTS�U,R!fBa�VTW?X q �fTWFX�a)S�W)i q \fF¦�R�fFd q na�WBa!M!i q �� §)a!R,S�VTW,S�WBS�V,RBX�a)MTa�VTW?X�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q p�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q O����M,S!MFb Z ¤ a!MTa)R �DXhVBa�V,M)i j)K��?chU?a!RTK � ¦�M?X�L!R ¤ a)K�Z^K!RTP]Z��W c)X)d �,n)n)n�Z ��� � \!�)�)��Z � ��� � p�Z^n)n)l p�ZrnTR��)ohp��W c)X)d �,n!O���Zro,\!o \!�)�)��Z^l)oT\ � O���Z �Tn)� p�ZrnTR��)ohp�!W c)X)d pD�)����Zro���� pF�)�)��Z^�)�T\ O[Z �)o�� p�ZrnTR��)ohpN)¦�V c)X)d n[Zrn)n)n)nTn � n�Zrnhp6\�OTo � n�Zrn�pD\�OTo p�ZrnTR��)ohpWDb�RTL!M c)X)d n[Zrn)n)n)nTn p�ZrlT\ �To)� p�ZrlT\��)o)� p�ZrnTR��)ohpd�M?N)N�M c)X)d �[Z����)n���p ��Zrn��!OTO�� � n�Z^\)�)lT\)\ p�ZrnTR��)ohp

ª�W,a!M,a�VTW?XQb�MTa)S�VB§�qn�Zr�)� �B\ �)l)l � n[Zrn)� �TnTl)l � � n[Zrn)n)n!OTOTo �n�Zrn)� �,nT\�OTn n[Zr�)� �Tn��Tn)o � n[Zrn!OT�)n�pD\ �n�Zrn)n!O,�)lhpFo n[Zrn!OTl)l��!OTn n�Z^�)�)� ���T�)n¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨�q O�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦hV � WDbhRTL!M � d�MBN)N�M � S!W,a!MTa!R,K���FX�K!R,§ q¥o)o��M,S!MFb Z ¤ a!MTa)R �DXhVBa�V,M)i j)K��?chU?a!RTK � ¦�M?X�L!R ¤ a)K�Z^K!RTP]Z��W c)X)d �,�hpFl�ZsO��To �Tl)����Z^l!OT� � O�p�ZG\�O,\ p�ZrnTR��)ohp��W c)X)d ��pFoT\]Zrn)OTo �Tn��)n�ZrO��)� � �)o�Z �T\)\ p�ZrnTR��)ohp�!W c)X)d O,n!O)O[Zrn�pD\ OTn)o)n�ZG\&��p l�ZG\!o�� p�ZrnTR��)ohpN)¦�V c)X)d n[Zrn)n)n)nTn � n�Zr�hpDl)�!O � n�Zr��pFl)�!O p�ZrnTR��)ohpWDb�RTL!M c)X)d n[Zrn)n)n)nTn O[Zr�!OTl,\)\ O[Zr�!O,lT\)\ p�ZrnTR��)ohpd�M?N)N�M c)X)d �[Zrl)���hp � ��Zrn)o)o,\&� n�Z4pFo��!OT� p�ZrnTR��)ohp

ª�W,a!M,a�VTW?XQb�MTa)S�VB§�qn�Zr�)�)o��!O�� � � n[Z4p)pFn)�TnT\ � � n[ZrnhpD\)\hpFl �

Page 66:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ® n

n�Z4p)pFn�pFo)�)� n[Zr�)�!OTl���pFl � n[ZrnT\&�T�Tl)o��n�ZrnhpF�,\&p!�To n[ZrnT\)\&pDn��hp n�Z^�)�)l)l)oTlhp@$<?1B}D<?CDC?<B1F��:h5h<B:«EJ:�x�<B:�0�7)CDCr����:&����<?:[H t wJw{<A0~7!CDC^�[��:&���s< ' <B14x�<B:�7!�! 5h<) ��v�1F�sH �=3!8���3�:�<B:(��<?:k3,v�:�<�@$<B1��}6<?CDCB<?1F��:&5%' <B14x�<?:=8;EJ������5h<D��<B:(:�u,<BE)(Dv&:�<B��H t }?CB3!w ����<?1 «7� �EJ8=7�w ' <B1F�G> �EJ�^��<?w ' <?1F�]��:[x � �����;<B1F��' <?14x�<?: ��1�x�EG< �;3�8��(3!:[<?:$�s<B:�5h<B�^14<B:(:$��}D<?16< (Dv&:[<?��H

� W?X�aTS�W)i N�W)VFX�akS!R�UTVBK,c�M!i)U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)���W!VFX!a_�?¨ �!£Db ��£Db �)£Db P ��£Db P���£Db P �!£6b

p)p �Tn)lTo�ZsOTn � �Tl �TO[Zrn)�)� �)O ��Zr�!O�� �)�)� �)�)� �)�T�pFo ���)lTn�Zrn!OTn �T�)n���Zro�� � ����p�Z��,\!� �)�)� �)�)� �)�T�ohp �)O�pDn�Zrl��)� \�O��,l�Z^\)\ � \ ��p�ZrlhpFn �)�)� �)�)� �)�T�o)o �T�)nT��ZsO��T\ \!ohp6\]ZsOTl)o \&���[Z^\!lT\ �)�)� �)�)� �)�T�¤ a)K]ZzK!RTP]Z9�TS�WDb fTWFX�a)S�W)i«N�W!VFX�a�S)R�U)VBK,c�M!i!U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�!�)�T�)�!�P ��£6b P ��£Db P �)£Db�Tc,b���RTS�W,��S)R�U)VBK,c�M!i!U q n n n��MT§�V4b�c,b�W,��MB�hU�Z9S)R�U)VBK,c�M!i!U q n�Z^n)n)n n�Zrn)nTn n[Zrn)n)nj)P!RTS)MTL!RkW,��S!R�U)VBKBc�M!i!U q n�Z^n)n)n n�Zrn)nTn n[Zrn)n)nª�� ¤ W,��S!R�UTVBK,c�M!i)U q n�Z^n)n)n n�Zrn)nTn n[Zrn)n)n

�AE ��<B14<B:&uT<B:�EJ:�x�<?:«�=3!:$�^163!wJw �[��:&���s<B:�Hy�;3�8��(3!:[<?:$�s<B:�3,v�:�< �zE ��<B14<?:�u ' <B14x�<B:k89EJ�����A5h<D��<B:(:�u,<BE)(Dv&:�<B��Ht }FCB3!w����s<B1 «7� �EJ8�7!w ' <B1F�^> �EJ�r�s<Bw ' <B1F�]��:�x ��������;<B1F��' <B14x�<?: ��1Ix!EG< �=3!8��(3!:�<B:(��<B:�5h<B�^14<B:(:$� }D<?14< (Dv&:[<?��H

� ¦�R�fDd�N�W!VFX!akMBX�M!iB`�U)V)U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T���W!VFX!a_�?¨ � � X�RBe�£Db � � X�RBe�£Db � � X�RBe�£Db ¨ �!£Db ¨ ��£Db ¨ �!£Db

¤ c,b)b�MTS)`�W,��fF¦�R�fFd�N�W!VFX�a�M?X�M!i,`�UTV)U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�� b�NhV?S�V)f,M!i�M!f)fFc�S!M!fB`gVFX_WF���TR�fBagUDN�M�f,R�Z

¨ �!£Db ¨ ��£Db ¨ �!£Db�Tc,b���RTS�W,��K�VB�)�!RTS)RBXhf,R�U q n n n��MT§�V4b�c,b�W,��MB�hU�Z9K�VB�)�!RTS)RBXhf,R�U q n[Zrn)n)n n�ZrnTn)n n[Zrn)n)nj)P!RTS)MTL!RkW,��K�VB�)�!R,S!RBXhf,R!U q n[Zrn)n)n n�ZrnTn)n n[Zrn)n)nª�� ¤ W,��K�VB�T�!RTS!RBX�f,R�U q n[Zrn)n)n n�ZrnTn)n n[Zrn)n)n

�$��7!1F�2x�<?1 «7��^1FE{uT<B:(EJ: �!<B1DCDEG3�:Q��:[x }D<B:�"!�rE�5��s< ��< (Dv�<B:&uT<?EJ��H

����� ��MTa)S�V?§gVFX�P!RTS�U)VTW?X Z)ZTZz¨�W?X�R� iTMBN�U,RTK_fFNTc�a�V6bhRQ��W,S_VFX!P!RTS�U)V,W?Xyq=n�ZrnTn_U

t �&C 5h7�}D<9x�<B197!�&C¢5h<r5�w E)(Dv�<B:�<B: 0~7�147!8�<B�s<B1A8;EJ� E{v&16<?: �$��7!:[x�7!16x�7�}�' <BE)(6v���:h5h<?:[H

Page 67:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ® o

����� �!S!R�f)VTU)VTW?Xg�)S�W6b��,§)§kM?X�K ¤ V?L?bhMkn�M N�W!UBa!R,S�VTW,S�V � ���

� ���TR!fBaQN�W!VDX�a_fTW)WBS)K�VFX�M,a!R�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�� ���TR!fBaQN�W!VDX�a�a)`,N�R�qVFX � VDX�a!RTS�UBR�fBa�VTWFX���fTW � fTWFX�a)S�W)iQN�W)VFX�a�� fD¦ � fF¦�R!fFdkN�W!VFX!a��W!VFX!a_�?¨ ��£6b ��£6b �!£Db U���£Db U���£6b U��!£Db

p)p �Tn)l)o[ZsOTn � �Tl �)O[Z^n)�)� �)O���Zr�)O�� p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWpFo ���)l)n[Zrn!OTn �T�)n���Z^o�� � ���hp�Z��B\!� p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWohp �)O�pFn[Zrl��)� \�O��Tl�ZG\)\ � \ �hp�Zrl�pFn p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWo)o �T�)n)�[ZsO��T\ \!ohpD\]ZrOTl)o \&���[Z^\)lT\ p�Z^n)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � ohp p�Zrn)R � o�p fTWp?O �,\!ohp�Z^\!l)� �Tl��)��Z^o �T� �,\!��Z �To)� n�ZrnT\!� n�Z¢pFn)o n�Z4p!�Tl VFXO�p ��pD\ �[Zro)l�� �Tn ���[Z ���T\ \!lT\]Zr�T� � n�Zrn ��� n�Z^n��)n n�Z4p!�T� VFXO)O �,\!� ��Z �)l�� �Tn)l!O[Z �T\&p �Tn���Z ���)l n�ZrnT\ � n�Z^n��)n n�Z4p!�)O VFXOTo �TlT\)\�Z4p��!O ��pFn)��Z^l�� � �)OTl�Z^\!OTo n�Zrn��!O n�Z^n��hp n�Z4p!�Tn VFXo!O �����T�[Zr�T\)\ \�OTl���Z¢p��T\ \ �)o�Z^\)�)� n�Zrn ��p n�Z^n)� � n�Z4p��)n VFX�Tc,b���RTS�W,��WF���TR�fBa«N�W!VFX�a�U«e�VBa,¦�aT`,N�RVFX!a!RTS�U,R!fBa�VTW?X q �fTWFX�a)S�W)i q \fF¦�R�fFd q na�WBa!M!i q �

j)P!RTS)MTL!R«N�S)R�f)V)U)V,W?XYW,��W?���TR�fBagfTWTW,S)K�U�Z�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�!�)�¨�RTS�V?P!RTK��)S!WDb UBa)K�Z9K!RTP]Z�WB��fTW)WBS)K�VFX�M,a!R�UkW,�«X�W?X � fTWFX�a)S�W)iQN�W)VFX�a�U�Z

U���£Db U���£6b U �!£Db�Tc,b���RTS�W,�_U?a)K]Z9K!R,P�U�Z q � � ���MT§�V4b�c,b�W,��UBa)K]Z9K)RTP�U�Z q n�Zrn��!O n�Z4pDn)o n�Z4p��)nj)P!RTS)MTL!RkW,��UBa)K]Z9K)RTP�U�Z q n�Zrn �To n�Zrn��)l n�Z4p!�Tl

� §)a!R,S�VTW,S�WBS�V,RBX�a)MTa�VTW?X�U�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�)�)�)�T�)�¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨ q p� §,N�W)UFc�S!R�a�V6bhR�q n[Zrn)n)n)nkU�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦�V � WDbhR,L!M � d�M?N)N�M � S�W,a!M,a!RTK����M,S!MFb Z ¤ a!M,a!R ��M)i?c�R ¤ a)K�Z^K!RTP]Z��W W?�hU \!�)�)��Z � ��� n[ZsOTn)���W W?�hU \!�)�)��Z^l)oT\ n[ZsO�p!��!W W?�hU pF�)�)��Z^�)�T\ n[Zrn)l)lN)¦�V W?�hU � n�Zrnhp6\�OTo n�Z^n)n)lT\&�WDb�RTL!M W?�hU p�ZrlT\��)o)� n�Z^n)n����T\d�M?N)N�M W?�hU ��Zrn��)O)O�� n�Z^n)n!O�� �

ª�W,a!M,a�VTW?XQb�MTa)S�VB§�qn�Zr�)� �B\ �)l)l � n[Zrn)� �TnTl)l � � n[Zrn)n)n!OTOTo �n�Zrn)� �,nT\�OTn n[Zr�)� �Tn��Tn)o � n[Zrn!OT�)n�pD\ �n�Zrn)n!O,�)lhpFo n[Zrn!OTl)l��!OTn n�Z^�)�)� ���T�)n¤ a!MTa�VTW?XY�?¨ q O

Page 68:  · PDF filew enmjof?bp#cfq=xy?[z\ehgja^]`_am5efbcgjcfqrm5a;t;t;u;s;u;t;u;t;t;u;t;u;s;u;t;t;u;t;u;t;u;s;t;u;t;u;t;t;u;s;u;t; d:-;vd ... t24 l7tojo !# $'&amp; o l

�� ��� ���� � ������� ��� ® m

� §,N�W)UFc�S!R�a�V6bhR�q n[Zrn)n)n)nkU�)`,N�R q ��� N)¦�V � WDbhR,L!M � d�M?N)N�M � S�W,a!M,a!RTK����M,S!MFb Z ¤ a!M,a!R ��M)i?c�R ¤ a)K�Z^K!RTP]Z��W W?�hU �Tl)����Z^l!OT� n[ZsO)OTn��W W?�hU �Tn��)n�ZrO��)� n[ZsO)OTn�!W W?�hU OTn)o)n�ZG\&��p n[Zrn��)lN)¦�V W?�hU � n�Zr�hpDl)�!O n�Z^n)n)l��T\WDb�RTL!M W?�hU O[Zr�!O,lT\)\ n�Z^n)n��)���d�M?N)N�M W?�hU ��Zrn)oToT\&� n�Z^n)n!O��T�

ª�W,a!M,a�VTW?XQb�MTa)S�VB§�qn�Zr�)�)o��!O�� � � n[Z4p)pFn)�TnT\ � � n[ZrnhpD\)\hpFl �n�Z4p)pFn�pFo)�)� n[Zr�)�!OTl���pFl � n[ZrnT\&�T�Tl)o��n�ZrnhpF�,\&p!�To n[ZrnT\)\&pDn��hp n�Z^�)�)l)l)oTlhp

����� j)K��?chU?a!RTK_W?���,R�fBagfTW)WBS)K�U�Z9e!S�VBa)a!RBX q;a!R�UBa]Z^M!W!f����� j)K��?chU?a!RTK ��� K)MTa!MQe!S�VBa)a!RBX q;a!R�UBa]Z^M)R!W

�2:�x�<9x�<?1 � ��:�x�<?w{7��&C¢5�w{<BE)(Dv&��:h5�8;EJ� 5h<?C?7�89��<B1 ��< (6v(<?:�uT<?EJ��H

����� �!S�W!f,R!U)U)VFX�Lgf,WDb�N�iTR,a!RTK �����

��W,a!M)ikfFN)c�a�V6bhR M)i)ikVFXhf,i?c�K!RTK �(q=n�Zrn)okU