Enlightenment and Latin America

EnlightenmentPar Pandit

• Update from 2012 PowerPoint• Current PowerPoint is for Carlmont High

School students

Who is this?

Who is this?

Who is this?

Who is this?

Who is this?

James MadisonFather of the Constitution

Enlightenment and Latin

AmericaThe Implementation of Ideals

Definition• Implementation:  the act of accomplishing

some aim or executing some order• Ideals: A standard of perfection; a principle

to be aimed at

Times Before Enlightenment

• You were born into a class and had to stay there

Times Before Enlightenment

• Catholic Church interpreted the Bible for non-clergy people

• What language was the Bible written in?

Times Before Enlightenment

• Justice was often arbitrary or based on superstition

Times Before Enlightenment

• Justice was often arbitrary or based on superstition

• Punishment was cruel and did not fit the crime

Times Before Enlightenment

• Lack of understanding about health and science – Black Death

Times Before Enlightenment

• Certain countries had absolute monarchy – Royalty sets all rules based on the “Divine Right of Kings” o Spaino Franceo England – complicated, 1215, 1649, 1660

• The theory of divine right was abandoned in England during the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89

Times Before Enlightenment

• People thought that human nature was not changeable

• People did not think about how the environment can affect people

Times Before Enlightenment Review• Feudalism – monarchs, nobles, knights,

serfs• Catholic Church interpreted the Bible for

non-clergy people – Pope, archbishops, bishops, priests

• Justice was arbitrary or based on superstition

• Punishment was cruel and not fit the crime• Human nature was considered not

changeable• Certain countries had absolute monarchy –

Kings sets all rules• Lack of understanding about health – Black

Death

Influences on Enlightenment

Renaissance

ReformationScientific

Revolution

Enlightenment

Renaissancemid 1300’s to early

1600’s• Start questioning old ideas

(from Middle Ages)• Interest in human society

and natural world and the potential of all human beings

• Don’t believe that one should remain in his class based on birth.

• Reward individual achievement over class or family name

Protestant Reformation1517-1600s

• Martin Luther• Bible is the ultimate

source of religious authority for Christians, not the Church

• Printing press and language translations made the Bible readable for the public and improves literacy

Scientific Revolution 1500s-1700s

• Development in science transformed views of society and nature• Mathematics• Physics• Astronomy• Biology• Chemistry

• Scientific Method

Scientific Revolution 1500s-1700s

• Development in science transformed views of society and nature• Mathematics• Physics• Astronomy• Biology• Chemistry

• Scientific Method

InfluencesRenaissan

ceReformation

Scientific Revolution

Enlightenment

Influences on Enlightenment

• RenaissanceQuestion accepted beliefsCelebrate the Individual

• Scientific RevolutionTrust in reason and observation

leading to progress• Reformation

Individuals think for themselvesNot accept blind authority (i.e.

Church)

Enlightenment1650-1789

John Locke (1632-1704)

• Rejects “Divine Rights of Kings” concept

• Government is to protect natural rights of life, liberty, and property

• Government Authority comes from consent of the governed

• People have the right to overthrow the government

• Popular Sovereignty

What does this make you think of?

Enlightenment1650-1789

John Locke (1632-1704)

His version of Social Contract

• Consent of people give power to the government

• Give up certain freedoms for benefits

• Right to overthrow the government

• Primary purpose is to protect natural rights

Enlightenment1650-1789

John Locke (1632-1704)

Natural Rights

• Inalienable Rights/Unalienable Rights

• Birthright• Influenced Thomas Jefferson

Enlightenment1650-1789

Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)

• French political thinker• Admires England’s form of

government based on English Common Law

• Concerned with personal liberty• Separation of Powers

• Executive• Legislature• Judicial

Enlightenment1650-1789

Voltaire (1694-1778)

• French writer, historian, and philosopher

• Freedom of Speech• Freedom of Religion

Enlightenment1650-1789

Casare Beccaria (1738-1794)

• Italian jurist, philosopher, and politician

• Rights of “accused” to fair treatment

• Fair and speedy trial• Against cruel and unusual

punishment

Implementation

Enlightenment

Declaration of

Independence

Constitution

Quiz

Get a whiteboard for

your table

QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker influenced the following from the Declaration of Independence:

“…All men are created equal, that they areendowed by their Creator with certainunalienable Rights, among these are Life,Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness…”

Endowed: to furnish, as with some talent, faculty, or qualityUnalienable: not to be separated, given away, or taken away

QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker influenced the following from the Constitution:

“Article I: Legislative Power…Article II: Nature and Scope of ExecutivePower…Article III: Judicial Power, Courts, Judges…”

Legislative: having the power to make lawsExecutive: having the power to put laws into effectJudicial: having the power to interpret the law and its legality

QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the following from the Constitution:

“Amendment 1: Congress shall make no lawrespecting an establishment of religion, orprohibiting the free exercise thereof; orabridging the freedom of speech, or of the press …”

QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the following from the Constitution:

“Amendment 8: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

Implementation• Like John Locke, colonists shared foundations of

Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights• Declaration of Independence echoed Locke’s ideas

on natural rights and the purpose of government• Constitution

Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers Bill of Rights protects Voltaire’s freedom of

speech and religion ideas Bill of Rights protects Becarria’s belief that an

accused person has a right to a fair trial and to not suffer cruel and unusual punishment

Estimated TimelineGreeks and

Romans 500 BCE –

476 CE

Middle Ages Magna Carta

1215

Renaissance 1300-1650

Estimated TimelineReformatio

n 1517-1648

Scientific Revolution 1600-1800

Glorious Revolution

1688

Estimated TimelineAmerican Revolution 1776-1781

U. S. Constitutio

n 1787-1789

French Revolution1789-1799

Estimated TimelineRise of

European Nationalism

(Italy, Germany)1804-1908

Latin American Independence

1780-1889

African and Indian

Independence1900-2000

Estimated TimelineMiddle East Arab Spring

2011- present