Enjoy Your Bible (Burmese)

Enjoy Your Bible

(Burmese)

By William MacDonald

Copyright 2010 by William MacDonald

www.william-macdonald.org

þpmtkyfwGif toHk;jyKxm;aom usrf;ydk'frsm;tm;vHk;onf New King James version rSudk;um;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

wGJzufpma&;ol\ trSmpm (pum;csD;)wGJzufpma&;ol\ trSmpm (pum;csD;)wGJzufpma&;ol\ trSmpm (pum;csD;)wGJzufpma&;ol\ trSmpm (pum;csD;)wGJzufpma&;ol\ trSmpm (pum;csD;)

þpmtkyf\ rsufESmzHk;acgif;pOfjzpfonfhaysmfarGUjcif; (arGUavQmfjcif;) ESifhzwf½Iavhvmjcif;[lonfh

pum;vHk;onf vltrsm;\oabmudkqeYfusifbufjyKaoma0g[m&jzpfaumif;jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ yg0ifaom

oifcef;pmrsm;ESifhtwlworwfwnf;oabmwlnDrI&Sdatmif jzpfEdkifacstvm;vm&Sdonfh acgif;pOfrsm;

udkvnf; uREfkyfwkdYqufvufaz:jyaernfr[kwfawmhyg/ odkYjzpfapumrl c&pf,efwpfOD;wpfa,muf

taejzifh bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkavhvmaomtcg tenf;qHk;awmh arGUavsmfp&m?

aysmf&TifMunfEl;p&m? 0rf;ajrmufp&mtjzpf cHpm;wwfoifhayonf/ a,mbESifhqmvHpyfqdkolwdkYonf

txufyguJhodkY xyfwlxyfrQcHpm;cJhMuayonf/

]]xm;awmfrlaomynwfwdkYudk igry,f/ EIwfawmfxGufpum;wdkYudk ig&ifcGifüodkxm;yg\}}

(a,mb0wåK 23;12)/ ]]xm0&bk&m;\ pD&ifawmfrlcsufwdkYonf opömw&m;ESifhnDí? umvtpOftNrJ

wnf\/ a&Txufru? rsm;pGmaoma&Tpifxuf ESpfoufbG,fjzpfí? ysm;&nfxufru? ysm;vydkYxuf csdKMu\}}

(qmvHusrf; 19;9 - 10)/

]]EIwfawmfxGufw&m;awmfonf a&TaiGtaxmiftaomif;xufru? tuREkfyfüomí

aumif;yg\/ udk,fawmf\w&m;udk tuREkfyfonftvGefESpfoufyg\/ wpfaeYvHk;qifjcifatmufarh

vsufaeyg\/ rdef Yawmfrlcsufwdk Yonf tuREf kyf\tmacgifütvGefcs d K Muyg\/ cHwGif;xJrSm

ysm;&nfxufomícsdKMuyg\/ oufaocHawmfrlcsufwdkYonf tuREfkyfESvHk;&Tifvef;&mjzpfí? udk,ftarG

OpömbdkYtpOftNrJcH,lyg\/}} (qmvH 119;72 - 97 - 103 - 111)

The Believers Bible Commentary qdkonfhteufzGifhusrf;xJwGif t,f'DwmwpfOD;taejzifh

uRefawmfþodkYa&;om;cJhygonf/ or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;onf tpydkif;wGif zkwfxm;aom*sHKrkefY

trQifpuav;rsm;taetxm;uJhod k Y t[m&jzpfapaomfvnf; ajcmufaoGUajcmufuyfuyf

jzpfwwfygonf/ odkYaomf¤if;udkqufvufvkyfaqmifrnfqdkygu *sHKrkefYnufjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom

acsmuvuf (Pie) jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

txufygteufzGifhusrf;pmtkyfxlBuD;xJwGif rdrdavhvmvdkaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

tvG,fwuljrifomatmifavhvmEdlif&ef usrf;ydk'frsm;udk avhvm&mwGif ¤if;usrf;ydk'fürdrd\ pdwfESvHk;rsm;

ESpfjrKyfaeEdlif&ef tqifoifhvkyfaqmifay;xm;ygonf/

þao;i,faompmtkyfonf tuefYtowfr&Sdus,fjyefYaom bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmf

yifv,fjyifBuD;xJwGif pGefYpm;? pl;prf;avhvma&;c&D;rsm;jyKvkyfEkdif&ef twGufvrf;ñTefaomvrf;jy

ajryHkjzpfzdkY&ef &nf&G,fía&;om;jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

or®musrf;pmudkaysmfarGUpGm avhvmEldifMuygap/

Art Farstad

Enjoy Your Bible

- 1 -

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oif,lavhvmzdkY&efvdktyfayonf/

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zdtm;jzpfapygvdrfhrnf/

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jzpfrnf/ odkYjyif uRefawmfhtaejzifh enf;pepfwpfckudktBuHjyKwifjyoGm;ygrnf/ þenf;pepfwGif uRefawmf

usrf;pmavhvm&mwGiftaxmuftuljzpfapaom ajcvSrf;enf;pepfrsm;yg0ifygonf/

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aumif;BuD;r*Fvm\vrf;aMumif;odkY ydkYaqmifay;jcif;jzpfonf/

2/ rdrdoif,lavhvmrnfhusrf;pmxJ&Sdpmtkyf (odkY) usrf;ydk'frsm;udkqkawmif;jcif;ESifhtwl

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rvG,fwJhudpöygyJ[lí awG;awmrdygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfBuD;rm;aomtvkyf[lonf ao;i,faomtvkyf

uav;rsm;pkaygif;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh jzpfajrmufonfudkoifowd&yg/ usrf;pmtkyfwpfckvHk;udk rqdkxm;bd?

usrf;pmxJupmtkyfwpftkyfudkyifvQif wpfxdkifwnf;jzifhavhvmír&aomfjim;vnf; usrf;ydk'ftenf;

i,fudkoifhtaejzifh avhvmEdlifygonf/ xdkaMumifh u@wdkav;jzifhtpjyKyg/

txufygoabmxm;twdkif; F.B.Meyer þusodkYa&;om;cJhonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;taejzifh

wpfaeYwGif or®musrf;pmudktcef;rsm;rsm;NyD;ajrmufatmifavhvmzwf½I&efBudK;yrf;jcif;xuf? usrf;pmudk

*½kwpfpdkufxyfcgxyfcgzwf½Ijcif;? ab;rsOf;wGifa&;om;xm;aomusrf;ñTef;rsm;udk oHk;oyfavhvmjcif;?

- 2 -

ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;

avhvmaeaomusrf;ydk'f\ tquftpyf&SdrIwdkYudkavhvmjcif;? usrf;pmwpfckESifhwpfck cdkif;EdIif;avhvmjcif;?

bk&m;oif\pdwfawmf? oabmrsm;udkwpfck (odkY) wdkYxufru? BudK;yrf;xkwfazmfjcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfrnf

qdkvQif? ydkíBuD;rm;rsm;jym;aomtawGUtBuHKrsm;? EIwfuywfawmfpdwf0ifpm;rIü ydkrdkvef;qef;jcif; rdrd

udk,fudk,ftcsKyftcs,fuif;NyD; trSDtcdkuif;pGm qdkvdk&if;udkoabmaygufEdlifjcif;? touf&Sifaom

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&&Sdvdrfhrnf[k uREfkyftaejzifhcdkifrmpGm xifjrif,lqxm;ygonf/ vufawGUusifhoHk;jcif;ESifhywfoufí

ocifa,½I\ ]]igay;aoma&onf xdkol\txJüwm0& touf&Sifjcif;tvdkYiSg xGufaomprf;a&wGif;

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pum;ajymyHkpHjzifhbmomjyefxm;aom version onfvnf;usrf;ydk'fwpfck\ t"dyÜg,fudkoabmayguf

- 3 -

em;vnfap&eftaxmuftuljzpfapygonf/ atmufygusrf;ydk'frsm;onf King James version ESifh

J.B. Phillips \pum;ajy (Paraphrases) wdkYudkcdkif;EdIif;íazmfjyxm;ygonf/

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BudK;pm;tm;xkwfavh&Sd\/

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rSDcdkaep&mrvdkyJ avhvmaeEdlifjcif;tay: *kPf,l0ifh<um;aewwfMuNyD;? olwdkY\oGefoifcsuf (doctrince)rsm;onfvnf; ppfrSefaMumif;tmrcHcJ h Muonf/ uREf ky ftaejzif h xd kuJ hod k Yaompdwfxm;&S d

4

aumavmoaumavmoaumavmoaumavmoaumavmoJ 1; 28-29 J 1; 28-29 J 1; 28-29 J 1; 28-29 J 1; 28-29 (KJV);

aumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJ 1; 28-29 1; 28-29 1; 28-29 1; 28-29 1; 28-29 (Phillips's New Testament in Modern English);

aumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJ 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 (KJV);

aumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJaumavmoJ 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 2 ; 8 (Phillips's New Testament in Modern English);

olrsm;tay:üaMumuf&GHUylyefrdygonf/ xdkuJhodkYpdwfxm;&Sdolrsm;onf toif;awmfübk&m;ocif

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twGufbk&m;ocifuay;xm;aom qkaus;Zl;rsm;jzpfay&m xdkuJhodkYtxifao;zdkY&efroifhavsmfay/

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tusdK;oufa&mufrIwGif twlwlyifjzpfonf/

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udkjzpfay:&&Sdaponf/ þodkYvkyfaqmifjcif;onf oifhtm;w,loefjzpfjcif;? tpGef;a&mufjcif; wdkYrS

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(t,ltq) ESifhvGJrSm;aom t,ltq (rdpäm'd|dt,l0g') wdkYrSvnf; ¤if;uoifhudku,fwif ay;ygvdrfhrnf/

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jynfh0aomyk*¾KvfwpfOD;udk ñGefjyoltjzpfxm;&Sdoifhonf/ xdkodkYaomyk*¾KvfxHodkY ar;cGef;rsm;? tcuftcJ

jyóemrsm;udk,laqmifvmjcif;onf aus;Zl;awmfw&m;ESifh EIwfuywfawmftodw&m;ü BuD;xGm;zdkY&ef

BuD;rm;aomtaxmuftuljzpfapygonf/

taxmuftuljzpfapaom &Sif;jycsufrsm;? o"utm;jzifhazmfjyjcif;rsm;? teuft"dyÜg,f

xkwfaz:csufrsm;udk oif\rSwfpkpmtkyfwGifa&m;rSwfxm;yg/ rSwfrdxm;ygw,f (a&;rSwf&efrvkd) [lí

rxifygESifh/ arhaysmufzdkY&ef tcGifhta&;uydkrsm;ygonf/

8/ ar;cGef;rsm;udk tjcm;aomc&pf,efrsm;ESifh twlwuGaqG;aEG;NyD; tajzrSefrsm;udk&&Sdatmif

BudK;pm;aqmif&Gufyg/ ESpftawmfMumvHk;v0d&d,pdkufí BudK;yrf;avhvmjcif;\ tusdK;&v'ftaejzifh

bk&m;ocifonf auseyftm;&avmufaomtajzrSefrsm;udk jyifqifay;wwfonfrSm tHhMozG,f

aumif;vSygonf/

9/ usrf;ydk'fwpfckudk uspfvpfjynfhpHkpGm½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;jzpf wpfpHkwpfOD;tm; jyefvnfajymjyEdlifonf

txdqufvufavhvmyg/ oifhtaejzihf &Sif;vif;pGm½dk;½dk;av;jzifh r&Sif;jyEdlifao;oa&GU xdkusrf;ydk'ftm;

trSefwu,f uRrf;usifjcif;r&Sdao;yg/ wpfcgwpf&HeufeJNyD;tusHK;0ifvGef;aom&Sif;jycsufrsm;onf

EIwfuywfawmf\ trSefwpfu,fajymjyaeaom t&mrsm;udkem;vnfoabmraygufEdlifatmifzHk;uG,f

apwwfygonf/

10/ rdrdoif,lavhvmcJhaomt&mrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;tm;rQa0yg/ þodkYjyKvkyfjcif;onf

oif\pdwfxJwGifrSwfrdaeap&ef taxmuftuljzpfapNyD;? cH,laomolrsm;twGufvnf;

tultnDay;jcif;? tm;ay;wdkufwGef;jcif;jzpfapygonf/

11/ zwf½IcJhaomt&m;rsm;udk emcHvdkufem&ef&nf&G,fcsufxm;NyD; avhvmzwf½Iyg/ ½dk;&Sif;aom

EIwfuywf\oGefoifjcif;udk ra&SmifvGJygESifh/ emcHvdkufjcif;onf 0dnmOfynm\ Zpfjrpfjzpfonf/

oGefoifjcif; (doctrince) udk0wå&m; wm0efESifhoD;jcm;pDrjzpfap&yg/ or®musrf;pmonf

doctrince rsm;txD;usefpGmoD;oefYz,fxm;jcif;cHonfh Systametic Theology r[kwfyg/

zdvdyd 2 ; 6-8 onfocifa,½I\ yk*¾Kvfjzpfjcif;taMumif;udkaz:jyxm;onfh BuD;jrwfaom

usrf;ydk'fwpfpkjzpfonf/ odkYaomf¤if;usrf;ydk'fonf c&pf,efrsm;taejzifh rdrd\udk,fusdK;twGufom

5

rpOf;pm;yJ tjcm;aomolrsm;twGufpOf;pm;wwf&ef wdkufwGef;jcif;ESifhqufpyfí azmfjyxm;onfudk

awGY&onf/ &nfñTef;jcif;udkjyaomBud&d,m (Verb) wpfckwdkY\ aemufwGiftrdefYay;jcif;wpfckck

vdkufygvmygonf/ xdkaMumifhtcsuftvufudk xkwfazmfajymMum;jcif;wpfckpDwdkif;onf vkyfaqmif

p&mwpfpHkwpfckESifh qufpyfvsuf&Sdonf/ emcHvdkufavQmufjcif;r&SdvQif oGefoifjcif; (doctrince)onfat;pufaeNyD; toufaovsuf&Sdygonf/ tyfacsmif;wpfck\xdyfacgif;wGif aumif;uifwref

b,fESpfyg;0ifqHhvdrfhrvJ[laom ar;cGef;rsdK;jzifha&vnfacgif;pm;wwfaom olrsm;tMum;wGif

oifryg0ifygESifh/

tajccHynma&;ausmif;rsm;wGif zwf½Iwfjcif;? a&;om;jcif;? qifjcifoHk;oyfjcif; [laom

t&moHk;ckudktajccHxm;í aqmif&Gufavh&Sdonf/ or®musrf;pmavhvm&mwGifvnf; þtajccHoHk;ckudk

tNrJwrf;apmifhxdef;xm;&ygrnf/

rsm;pGmaomc&pf,efrsm;onf or®musrf;pmESifhqdkifaomteufzGifhusrf;rsm;? or®musrf;pmESifh

qd ki faompum;vH k ;rsm; ? yx0Dtaetxm;rsm; ? tbd"ge frsm;E Si f hw&m;a[mcsufud kom

zwf½IavhvmcJhMuNyD;? or®musrf;pmzwf½Ijcif;udkrltcsdeftenf;i,fom ay;wwfMuonfrSmthHMop&m

jzpfygonf/ ¤if;pmtkyfrsm;ESifh tjcm;taxmuftuljzpfapaom pmtkyfaumif;rsmudk zwf½Iavhvmoifh

onfrSefaomfvnf;? ¤if;wdkYonf tultnDpmtkyfrsm;jzpfaMumif;udkowd&yg/

þus,fjyefYaomusrf;pmtkyfudk avhvm&eftcsdeftenf;i,fom&&SdMuonfh tvkyfBudK;pm;aom

awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh tjcm;tvkyform;rsm;onf olwdkYavhvmxm;aom usrf;pmudkaumif;rGefpGm

em;vnfMuonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&jcif;rSm usrf;pmudkxyfcgxyfcg tBudrfBudrfzwf½IavhvmMuaomaMumifh

jzpfonf/

tcsdefb,favmufyJMumMum or®musrf;pmwpfckvH k;ud kvGrf;jcH Kaom (aumrdaom)

zwf½Iavhvmjcif;rsdK; jzpfoifhonf/ xdkuJhodkYyHkrSefzwf½I&mwGif tcsdKUaomzwf½Iavhvmjcif;onf oif\

0dnmOfa&;&mvdktyfcsufrsm;udkjznfhpGufay;&ef oD;oefY devotion tcsdef,líavhvm&ygonf/ wpfcsdefvHk;

avhvmrSwfom;jcif;vky fief;ud komvQif rjyKvky fygE Si f h / tu,fíavhvmrSwfom;jcif;

r[kwfbJ½dk;½dk;zwf½Ijcif;jzpfonfhwdkifatmif oif\todnPfudkwdk;yGm;apí oif\OD;acgif;xJwGif

teJESifhtrsm; usef&pfoGm;ygvrfhrnf/ Quiet time (bk&m;ocifESifhoD;oefYtcsdef,lonfh) tcsdefwGif

ppfrSefaomor®musrf;pm\ oGefoifjcif;ESifhrudkufnDonfh xl;jcm;qef;Mu,faom oGefoifjcif;rsm; (doc-trines) ra&mufvmap&efoif\ OD;aESmufwHcg;udkvHkHHNcHKpGmppfaq;yg/

usrf;pmudkzwf½Iavhvmonfhtcg oif\vufxJwGif abmyif(odkY)cJwHwpfckcktNrJwrf;

aqmifxm;yg/ rdrd\ Quick Time tcsdef? zwf½Iavhvmonfh&ufpGJrsm;? atmufwGifrsOf;om;jcif;rsm;?

rdrd\awG;ac:rI (tjrif) rsm;udkvnf;a&;om; (rSwfom;) xm;&rnf/

6

or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;tajccHoHk;ckor®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;tajccHoHk;ckor®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;tajccHoHk;ckor®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;tajccHoHk;ckor®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;tajccHoHk;ck

zwf½Ijcif;zwf½Ijcif;zwf½Ijcif;zwf½Ijcif;zwf½Ijcif;

a&;om;jcif;

wpfcsdKUusrf;pmrsm;\ pmrsufESmab; (odkY) atmufwGifrSwfpktwGuf ab;rsOf;rsm;ay;xm;NyD;om;

jzpfonf/ wpfcsdKUaomolwdkYonf tawG;tac:rsm;? ar;cGef;rsm;? tcuftcJjyoemrsm;? ajz&Sif;csufrsm;

ESifhusrf;ydk'fqufpyfrI (odkY) usrf;ñTefrsm;udkrSwfom;xm;Edlif&ef usrf;pmavhvmonfhrSwfpkpmtkyf

oD;oefYxm;cJhMuonf/ avhvmoif,lcJhaom tzdk;wefynmrsm;udk a&;om;xm;jcif;r&SdvQif

oifcef;pmrsm;udkarhaysmfoGm;ygvdrf hrnf/ aeYtcsdefrsm;wGifoif,lcJ haom oifcef;pmrsm;udk

olwyg;tm;a0iSyg/ þodkYaqmif&Gufjcif;onf oif\pdwfxJwGifrSwfrdaeap&ef taxmuftuljzpfapyg

vdrfhrnf/ rdrd\awG;ac:csufrsm;udk EIwfyg;pyfrSajymxGufjcif; (odkY) pum;vHk;rsm;udktoHxGuf apjcif;onf

rSwfrdzdkY&efydkrdkvG,fulaponf/

ta&;ygaomwwd,ajrmufor®musrf;pmavhvmenf;rSm rdrdzwf½Iavhvmxm;aom? a&;om;

xm;aomt&mrsm;tay:wGif jyefvnfqifjcifoHk;oyfjcif;jzpfygonf/ ¤if;udkqifjcifatmufarhjcif;

[lívnf;ac:qdkygonf/ qifjcifatmufarhonf (meditate) [laompum;vHk;onf "r®a[mif;rl&if;

bmomwGif pm;NrHKUjyefrsm;udkESmu jyefvnf0g;pm;onfhtwdkif; taMumif;t&mrsm;udk tcsdef,lpOf;pm;

&mwGif toHk;jyKaompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ c&pf,efrsm;taejzifh zwf½Iavhvmjcif;? xyfcgwvJvJ zwf½Ijcif;?

jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;? pum;vHk; (pmom;) rsm;ESifhxifjrifcsuf (idea) rsm;qifjcifjcif;ponf wdkYudk

vrf;avQmuf&if;um;armif;&if;? tdrfxJwGifNidrfoufpGmxdkif&if;? tdrfNcH0if; (odkY) tdrfjyifodkYxGufcGm oGm;&if;

tp&Sdonfhtcsdefrsm;ü EIwfuywfawmftay:wGif qifjcifatmufarhjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyfaomaMumifh? (,aeY)

taemufwdkif;EdIifiHrsm;wGif? c&pf,efrsm;\qifjcifatmufarhjcif; (w&m;usifhjcif;) enf;vrf;r[kwfonfh?

rSm;,Gif;aomta&SUwkdif;\ w&m;usifhjcif;trsdK;tpm;rsm; atmifjrifpGmtpm;xdk;0ifa&mufvmygonf/

&Sifvkum 21;14 wGifocifa,½Iu ol\aemufvkdufjzpfjcif;aMumifh trSLtcif;ESifhBuHKaomtcg

tb,fodkYjyefajym&rnfudk BudKwifrqifjcifzdkY&efajymcJhonf/

odkYaomf&Sifaygvku wdarmaoudk qifjcifzdkY&efajymcJhonf/ wpfpHkwpfckudkvufawGUvkyfaqmif&ef

*½kwpfpdkufoHk;oyf&rnf[kqdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/

or®musrf;pmudkavhvmaeaom ,HkMunfoltm;vHk; (odkY) ,HkMunfoltrsm;pku þtajccH (3)

ckjzpfaomzwf½Ijcif;? a&;om;jcif;? qifjcifoHk;oyfjcif;wdkYudk vdkufemusifhoHk;rnfqdkvQif? or®musrf;pm

wwfuRrf;em;vnfjcif; enf;yg;onfhrsm;pGmaom uREfkyfwdkY\toif;awmfrsm;wGif BuD;rm;aom

ajymif;vJrIrsm;jzpfay:vmrnfr[kwfavm/

or®musrf;pmudkavhvm&mwGif ta&;BuD;qHk;aomenf;vrf;wpfckrSm usrf;ydk'fwpfckudk

pmom;twdkif; wdkuf½dkufteufzGifhEdlifvQif? ¤if;jzpfonfhtwdkif;om bmomjyef (teufzGifh) yg/

wpfenf;tm;jzifh zwf½Iavhvmonfhtcg rdrd\todw&m;rSem;vnfoabmaygufonfhtwdkif; (tm½HkcH)

onfhtwdkif; (tjcm;teuft"dyÜg,fudk&SmazGawG;awmraeawmhyJ) teuft"dyÜg,fzGifh&rnf/ Oyrm-

or®musrf;pmu c&pfawmfonfþurÇmay:wGif ESpfaygif;wpfaxmiftkyfpkd;vdrfhrnf[lí pmom;twdkif;

7

a&mifjyef[yfjcif; (odkY) jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;a&mifjyef[yfjcif; (odkY) jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;a&mifjyef[yfjcif; (odkY) jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;a&mifjyef[yfjcif; (odkY) jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;a&mifjyef[yfjcif; (odkY) jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;

tjcm;aemufxyftajcHcHrsm;tjcm;aemufxyftajcHcHrsm;tjcm;aemufxyftajcHcHrsm;tjcm;aemufxyftajcHcHrsm;tjcm;aemufxyftajcHcHrsm;

pmom;twdkif;teufzGifhenf; (odkY) wdkupmom;twdkif;teufzGifhenf; (odkY) wdkupmom;twdkif;teufzGifhenf; (odkY) wdkupmom;twdkif;teufzGifhenf; (odkY) wdkupmom;twdkif;teufzGifhenf; (odkY) wdkuff ff f½dkufteufzGifhenf;½dkufteufzGifhenf;½dkufteufzGifhenf;½dkufteufzGifhenf;½dkufteufzGifhenf;

teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhjcif;jzpfonf/ þpmom;twdkif;bmomjyefjcif;onf ydkíESpfoufoifhaom

bmomjyefenf;jzpfonf/ tjcm;teufzGifhenf;vrf;rsm;rSm usrf;pmrsm;udk 0dnmOfbufqdkif&mü

OD;wnfapjcif; (spiritnalize) (odkY) ½lyutvuFm/

*kPf&nfwl cdkif;EdIif;jcif;bufüOD;wnfapjcif; (allegorize) jzpfygonf/ odkYaomfxdkuJhodkYaom

bmomjyefenf;vrf;onf tb,fol\0dnmOfbufydkifqdkif&m teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkjcif;onf ydkí

rSefuefaMumif;rnfolurSrodyg/

¤if;udk&yfwnfrIESif h tajctae[lívnf; ac:qdkEd lifygonf/ þt&mESpfckudkcG J jcrf;

odjrifwwf&efvdktyfygonf/ wnfae&m? &yfwnfrIonf c&pfawmf\txJüuREfkyfwdkY\&Sdjcif;jzpfjcif;

udkqdkvdkonf/ vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIonf uREkfyfwdkY\ aeYpOftoufwmü vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufaom

t&mjzpfonf/ aumavmoJ 3 ; 1 wGif uREfkyfwdkYonf c&pfawmfESifhtwl xajrmufMuonf[lí

az:jyjcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\wnfae&m &yfwnfrI udkqdkvdkygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtaejzifhtxufu t&mrsm;udk

vdkuf&SmoifhaMumif;az:jycsufonf vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIudk qdkvdkygonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\ wnfae&m

(&yfwnfrI) onf jynfhpH kygonf/ odk YaomfuRefawmfwdk Y\vkyfaqmifrIonf u,fwif&Sif\

rsufESmudkjrifawGUjcif;r&Sd rjcif; b,fawmhrSjynfhpHkrnfr[kwfyg/ odkY&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYonf u,fwif&Sif\

rsufESmudkawGUjrifonfhwdkifatmif (txd) c&pfawmfü yHkwljzpfatmiftpOftNrJBuD;xGm;oifhygonf/

&mxl;ESifhyifudkpm&dwåudkvnf;cGJjcrf;odjrifwwf&ef vdktyfygonf/ AwdåZHa,m[efonf? olrwdkifrSD

ay:xGef;aomza&mzuftm;vHk;xufomí BuD;jrwfygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm olonfar&S, (Messiah)\a&S;ajy;yk*d ¾ KvfjzpfaomaMumif hol\/ tcef;u@onfay:xGef; NyD;tjcm;aomza&mzuf

rsm;xufBuD;jrwfayonf/ (&Sifvkum 7;28) odkYaomfyifudkpm&dwåydkif;ü olonftjcm;za&mzuf

rsm;wdkYxufydkí BuD;jrwfonf[lírqdkvdkay/ rm&donfuREkfyfwdkYocifa,½I\ arG;rdcift&dyft&m

(tcef;u@) udkcH,lojzifh rdef;rwumwkdYxufjrwfpGmaom r*Fvm&Sdonfh rdef;rjzpfonf/ (&Sifvkum

1;28)/ odkYaomfolronf "r®a[mif;\ trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;vHk;xuf yifudkpm&dwå ydkrdkaumif;rGefonf[lí

rqdkvdkay/ ocifa,½I þavmuü&SdaepOftwGif; tzcrnf;awmf\ u@onf om;awmf\

u@xufydkrdkBuD;jrwfygonf (&Sifa,m[ef 14;28)/ odkYaomf olwdkY\yk*¾dKvfa&;&m (*kPf&nf)

onf&mEIef;jynfhxyfwlxyfrQyifjzpfonf/ u,fwif&Sifa,½Ionf uREfkyfwdkY\ u,fwif&Sif;jzpfzdkYtvdkYiSg

rdrd\toa&udkpGefYíavmuodkY<uawmfrlcJhonf/ odkYaomfyk*d¾Kvfjzpfjcif; (odkY) yifudk,ft&nftcsif;

udkrpGefYcJhay? pGefYívnf;&rnfr[kwfay/ tkyfpkd;aomtpdk;&rsm;onfhbk&m;ocif\cefYxm;aom

olrsm;jzpfonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm xdkolwdkYonf bk&m;ociftm;yk*d¾Kvfa&;&mt& oduRrf;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf;?

bk&m;ocif\ cefYxm;aomtcef;u@t& bk&m;ocif\ tapudkcHaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/

usrf;pmwpfckudkavhvmonfhtcg ¤if;usrf;pmESifhqufpyfvsuf&Sdaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

8

wnfae&m (tqifh) ESifhvufawGUvkyfaqmifrIwnfae&m (tqifh) ESifhvufawGUvkyfaqmifrIwnfae&m (tqifh) ESifhvufawGUvkyfaqmifrIwnfae&m (tqifh) ESifhvufawGUvkyfaqmifrIwnfae&m (tqifh) ESifhvufawGUvkyfaqmifrI

trIaqmifu@ (&mxl;) ESifh yifudkpm&dwåtrIaqmifu@ (&mxl;) ESifh yifudkpm&dwåtrIaqmifu@ (&mxl;) ESifh yifudkpm&dwåtrIaqmifu@ (&mxl;) ESifh yifudkpm&dwåtrIaqmifu@ (&mxl;) ESifh yifudkpm&dwå

pmom;(usrf;ydk'f) ESifh¤if;\tquftpyfjzpfaomtaMumif;t&mpmom;(usrf;ydk'f) ESifh¤if;\tquftpyfjzpfaomtaMumif;t&mpmom;(usrf;ydk'f) ESifh¤if;\tquftpyfjzpfaomtaMumif;t&mpmom;(usrf;ydk'f) ESifh¤if;\tquftpyfjzpfaomtaMumif;t&mpmom;(usrf;ydk'f) ESifh¤if;\tquftpyfjzpfaomtaMumif;t&m

(tajcjyKí) avhvmyg/

atmufwGiftcsdKUaom Oyrmrsm;udkjrifomatmifazmfjyxm;ygonf/

]]igwdk Yonf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,mufcGgoGm;Muaomf? xm0&bk&m;onf igESifhoif\

pyfMum;üapmif hawmfrlapownf;}} (urÇmOD;usrf; 31;49)/ þpmom;onf,aeYacwfwGif

toHk;jyKavh&Sdaom wpfOD;ay:wpfOD;azmfa&GysLiSmpGm aumif;BuD;ay;onfhpmom;r[kwfay/ ¤if;onf

(,mukyfESifhvmAefwdkY) wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;cGJcGmMuawmhrnfjzpfaomaMumifh wpfOD;ay:wpfOD; (rnfoluvSnfh

pm;aMumif;) ppfaq;pD&ifrIrsm;jyKvkyfEdkifawmhrnfr[kwfojzifh? bk&m;ocifuvSnfhpm;olESpfOD;wdkY\

pyfMum;wGifppfaMumpD&ifay;&ef (oufaocHay;&ef) awmif;avQmuf (zdwfac:) aomusrf;ydk'fjzpfonf/

]]ajcz0g;rSOD;acgif;wdkifatmifusrf;rmjcifr&Sd? pkwf&Saomtem? xdcdkufía&mifaomtem

&d,Gaomtemoufouf&Sd\/ xdktemrsm;udkrESdyfre,f&? t0wfESifhrpnf;&/ ba,mif;qD;ESifh

raysmhap&ao;}} (a[&S, 1;6)/ þusrf;pmonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh vlom; (wdkY) \vHk;0OoHk

pm&dwåysufjym;jcif; (tjypfEGHxJüusqHk;jcif;) udkazmfjy&mwGif toHk;jyKMuonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf ,k'

(jynf) tm;bk&m;ocifonf OD;acgif;rSajcrsm;txd tem'PftjynfhjzifhrSwfavmufom;avmufatmif

qHk;r'Pfcwfjcif;udk azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfonfhwdkifatmif £oa&vEdlifiHonf aemifw&jcif; r&SdcJhyg/

]]igürwnfaomolonf aoGUajcmufaomtcufuJhod k Y ? jyifodk Yypfvdkufjcif;udkcH&\/

xdkodkYaomtcufrsm;udk vlwdkYonfpkodrf;í rD;xJodkYcsvdkufMuojzifh rdavmifjcif;odkYa&mufMu\}}

(&Sifa,m[ef 15;6)/ þusrf;ydk'fonf u,fwifjcif;taMumif;ESifhrywfoufyJ? c&pfawmfüwnfjcif;

tm;jzifh toD;rsm;oD;rnfhtaMumif; azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þae&mwGif bk&m;ocifonfajcmufaoGUaom

tcufrsm;udk rD;xJodkYypfcsonf[líazmfjyygonf/ xdkYjyifc&pfawmfürwnfhaomolonf avmuDol

(þurÇmESifhpyfqdkifaomol) rsm;utxifao;aomtjyKtrljzifh jyKrlqufqHonf þusrf;ydk'f tm;jzifh

azmfjyjcif;jzpfEdkifygonf/

]]usrf;pmvmonfESifhtnD? bk&m;ocifudkcspfaomolwdkYtbdkYtvdkYiSg? bk&m;ocifjyifqifawmfrl

aomt&mwdkYudk vlrsufpdjzifhrjrif? em;jzifhrMum;? pdwfESvHk;jzifhrBuHpnfao;}} (1 aum 2;9)/ þusrf;ydk'fonf

aumif;uifbHkudk&nfñTef;onfrSefaomfvnf; ¤if;onf"r®a[mif;\umvu rodao;aom

or®mw&m;rsm; (trSefw&m;rsm;) udktoif;awmfacwf (Church Age) wGifza&mzufrsm;ESifh

wrefawmfrsm;tm;jzifhazmfjyawmfrlonftaMumif; ajymjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifaygvkonf

aumif;uifEdkifiHrS rSefuefaMumif;od&rnfhwpfpHkw&mtaMumif;udkajymjyaejcif;r[kwfyJ ,cktcsdefü

r Se fuefaMumif;od&onf hwpfp H kwpf&majymjyaejcif; jzp faMumif; tyd k' fi,f (10) wGi f

þodkYqufvufazmfjyxm;ygonf/ ]]xdkt&mwdkYudkbk&m;ocifonfrdrd0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh igwdkYtm;

azmfjyawmfrl\}}/ aovGefaomolwdkYonf xajrmufjcif;tvQif;r&SdvQif? aovGefaomolwdkY\ udk,fpm;

AwådZHudkcHaomolwdkYonf tb,fodkYjyK&rnfenf;/ aovGefaomolwdkY\ udk,fpm;tb,faMumifhAwådZH

udkcH&Muoenf;/ tu,fíaovGefaomolwdkYonf xajrmufjcif;r&SdvQif? ,HkMunfolwpfOD;taejzifh

rmol&tjzpftaocHaomolwdkY\tqifh (&mxl;) udkrSDcdk&ef rdrdudk,fudkaojcif;odkYESpfjcif;cH,ljcif;onf

tr*Fvmjzpfaom (½l;taom) vkyf&yfjzpfygvdrfhrnf/

]]oifwdkYonf,HkMunfjcif;üwnfoavm? rwnfavm[k udk,fudkudk,fppfaMumMuavmh/

udk,fudkudk,fpHkprf;Muavmh/ tppfrcHEdlifaomolrrSefvQif? a,½Ic&pfonfoifwdkYü wnfawmfrlonf[k

9

udk,fhtaMumif;udk udk,frodMuoavm}}/ (2 aum 13;5)/ þpmydk'fonf ,HkMunfolrsm; taejzifh

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wpfenf;tm;jzif hu,fwifjcif;pdwfcsrIr&S d ud k,fud k,fud k jyefvnf qef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyf&ef

oifMum;ay;jcif;r[kwfyg/ &Sifaygvkonf xdkolwdk Y\0dnmOfzcifjzpfonfhenf;wl? aum&dE K

ol om;wdkY\u,fwifjcif; &&Sdjcif;onf ol(aygvk) \wrefawmfwpfyg;jzpfjcif;udk odomxif&Sm;apjcif;

jzpfaMumif;azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

]]tvGJr,lMuESifh bk&m;ocifonf rxDrJhjrifjyKjcif;udkcHawmfrrl/ vlonfrsdK;aphusJonftwdkif;

toD;tESHudk&dwf&vdrfhrnf}}/ (*vmwd 6 ; 7)/ þtaMumif;t&mESifh qufpyfítjypfom;wpfOD;\

tjypfrsm;udk &Sifaygvkuazmfjyaejcif;r[kwfyg/ ¤if;onf olawmfpif(,HkMunfol) wpfOD;\uyfpD;ESJjcif;

taMumif;udkazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

]]odkYjzpfíighcspfolwdkY? oifwdkYonfighrsufarSmufü em;axmifonfomru? rsufuG,füvnf;

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a&mufaMumif;oifay;aejcif;r[kwfyJ? ,HkMunfolrsm;onfocifa,½I\ yHkoufaoudkvkdufavQmufjcif;

tm;jzifh olwdkY\ jyóem (pnf;vHk;rIysufjym;jcif;) udkBudK;pm;tm;xkwfíajz&Sif;&ef oifay;jcif; jzpfygonf/

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teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufudk qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfyJ? EIwfuywfawmf\rl&if; (ta&;tom;) udkqdkvdkygonf/

EIwfuywfawmfudka&;om;aom olrsm;onf olwdkY\udk,fa&;udk,fwmtm;jzifh teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk

csufrsm;udk ay;xm;jcif;r[kwfyJ? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ wdkufwGef;awmfrljcif;tm;jzifh

a[majymMuonf/

or®musrf;pmonf olUudk,fol (usrf;pm) tm;jzifhteuft"dyÜg,fzGifhygap/ Oyrm-&Sifvkum 14;26

udk&SifroJ 10 ; 37 wGif&Sif;jyxm;ygonf/ rkef;wD;jcif;onf cdkif;EdIif;jcif;a0g[m&jzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm

cspfjcif;arwåmuif;rJhjcif;jzpfonf/

NAdwdoQw&m;a[mq&mwpfOD;jzpfol Stuart Briscoe uusrf;ydk'fwpfykd'fudk avhvm&mwGif

¤if;ESifhtqufpyf&Sdaom taMumif;t&mwGif;ü avhvmoGm;jcif;\ta&;ygyHkudkjrwf &,f&Tifp&m

aumif;aomyHkjyifav;tm;jzifhjyooGm;ygonf/ tbdk;tdkwpfa,mufonf ol\acG;? vm;wpfaumifESifh

twlvrf;ab;wpfavQmufvrf;avQmufoGm;aeMupOf? trdIufaumuf ukefwifum;wpfpif;onf olwdkYudk

x dwd ku fr dí ajrmi f ;wp fc kx Jod k Yv JusoGm;c J h Mu\/ xdc d ku f'Pf&m&aomtbd kt d konf

xdkum;armif;orm;tm; ½Hk;odkYw&m;pGJ\/ odkYaomf truck um;ydkif&Sif\a&SUaeu? tbdk;BuD;onf olYb0wGif

]]oufomacsmifcspGmae&w,fqdkwmr&Sdzl;bl;}} [lí um;armif;orm;tm;¤if; rawmfwq xdckdkuf

(accident) onfhtcsdefwGifajymcJhaMumif; jyefvnfacsy\/ tvSnfhusppfaq;rIrsm; qufvufjyKvkyfNyD;?

a& S Uaeu ]]uRE f ky fvl (driver) u accident jzp fwJ htcg ci fA sm;qDud kvmc J hovm;?

NyD;awmhcifAsm;b,fvdktajctae&SdaMumif;ar;cJ hovm;}} [lí'Pf&m&cJhaomtbdkBuD;tm;

ar;cGef;xkwfcJh&m? tbdk;BuD;u [kwfuJh[líjyefajzcJh\ qufvufía&SUaeu ]]cifAsm;? cifAsm;b0rSm

oufomacsmifcspGmae&w,fqdkwmr&Sdzl;bl;[lí jyefajzcJhovm;}} [kjyefvnfar;avQmuf&m? tbdk;BuD;u

10

o

]][kwfuJh? uRefawmf&,f? uRefawmfhacG;&,f? vm;&,ftwlvrf;wpfavQmufoGm;aeonfh tcdkuf?

'DvluuREf kyfwd k YoGm;aewJhvrf;axmif hud k t&d SefESif harmifESifvmNyD;? uREf kyfwd k Yud kwd kufrdNyD;?

ajrmif;xJusoGm;Muygw,f? NyD;awmholU&JUaoewfwdkYESifhtwl um;ay:uaeckefcsNyD;? uREkfyf&JUacG;qDudk

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oGm;NyD; a&SUajcaxmufusdK;aeNyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf olowfypfvdkufjyefw,f/ aemufqHk;awmh uREfkyfb0rSm

oufomacsmifcspGmae&w,fqdkwmr&Sdzl;bl;}}---[líjyefajzvdkufw,f---/

wdusrSefuefaomt"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif;csuf (definitions) rsm;udktoHk;jyKyg (odkY) ydkifqdkifxm;yg/

"r®ynmydkif;qdkif&m t"dyÜg,f&Sif;vif;csuf (definition) rsm;udkavhvm&mwGif webster's tbd"gef

uJ hod k YaomavmuDynma&;&m tbd"gefrsm;ud k toHk;rjyKygESif h/ "r®ynmtoHk;tEIef;wGif

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(od k Y ) ] ]rajz&Si f ;ao; (E d ki f ) aomar;c Ge f ; } } ponf havmuDynma&; pum;vH k ;rsm;E Si f h

qef YusifbufjzpfaMumif;awGUjrifvmygvdrf hrnf/ "r®ynmwGif ]]vQd KU0SufeufeJaomt&m}}

[laompum;vHk;onf rodrjrifao;aom or®mw&m;ESifhvltaejzifh em;rvnfEdkifonfht&m? odkYaomf

,ckwGif c&pfawmftm;jzifh xkwfazmfzGifh[NyD;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/

a&S;wkef;u? qufuyfonf *smreDvlrsdK; "r®ynm&SifjzpfcJhaom Jahan Bengle qdkolu rnfolrqdk?

or ®musr f ;pm\BuD ; jrwfaompum;vH k k ; ? tvH k ; (20) ud kem;vnfoabmaygufvQi f

or®musrf;pmudkem;vnfol[lí ol\pmtkyfwpftkyfwGif azmfjycJhzl;ygonf/ odkYaomf ol\¤if;tvHk;

(20) udkuREfkyfwdk YrawGUEdkifaomaMumifh uREfkyfwdk Yukd,fydkifpkaqmif;xm;aom pum;vHk; (20)

udkjyifqifay;yg&ap/

1/ tjypfajzjcif; (Bolo) - "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif tjypfESifhqufpyfí þpum;vHk;udk

toHk;jyKonfhtcg? tjypfvTwfjcif;r[kwfyJ? tjypfzHk;tkyfjcif;? tjypfudkzHk;tkyfjcif;udkqdkvdkygonf/

xkdYjyif,ZfylaZmfjcif; tcrf;tem;wGif vl? owå0gESifh abmZOfoumrsm;tm; oefY&Sif;apjcif;

(oefY&Sif;atmifjyifqifay;jcif;) udkqdkvdkygonf/ ¤if;onfor®musrf;pm\ pum;vHk; (toHk;tEIef;)

r[kwfyg/ odkYaomfacwfay: "r®toHk;tEIef;t& ]]c&pfawmf\,ZfylaZmfjcif; (toufpwnf;jcif;)

vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tm;jzif h bk&m;ESif hvltMum;jyefvnfoifhjrwfjcif; (rdó[m,zGJUjcif;)}}

[lít"dyÜg,faygufygonf/

2/ a&G;aumufjcif; - uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfü arwåmtm;jzifhoefY&Sif;vsuf?

tjypfuif;vGwfvsufjzpfrnftaMumif; ]]r[mtmPm&Sifbk&m;ocifu ,HkMunfolrsm;tm; urÇmrwnf

r&SdrSD a&G;aumufawmfrljcif;]] udkqdkvkdygonf/ þoGefoifcsufonf vlYbufüvnf;wm0ef0wå&m;

&S donf[laom or®mw&m;ESif htNrJwrf;wG Jn§ dí vufcHxm;&rnf/ vlonfocifa,½Iud k

wdusjywfom;aomol\ pdwfqEqHkk;jzwfcsuftm;jzifhvufcH&ygrnf/

3/ ,HkMunfjcif; - ocifa,½IESifhol\EIwfuywfawmfü ,HkMunfudk;pm;jcif;udkqdkvdkygonf/ xdkYjyif

,HkMunfcsuf (belief) \uHyk'ftjypfvnf;toHk;jyKonf/ Oyrm-]]oefY&Sif;olwdk Yütxufu

tyfay;cJhaom,HkMunfjcif;}}--(&Sif,k' 1;3)/

11

ormusrf;pma0g[m&rsm;ormusrf;pma0g[m&rsm;ormusrf;pma0g[m&rsm;ormusrf;pma0g[m&rsm;ormusrf;pma0g[m&rsm;

4/ tem*wHoOmPf (t&mtm;vHk;udkBudKwifodjrifjcif;) - vlowå0gESifhjzpf&yf? tjzpftysufrsm;\

uHMur® (csdef;csufaomtcsdef) rsm;udk? ¤if;wdkYtm;vHk;rwnfr&SdrSD ESHUpyfatmif odjrifjcif;udkqdkvdkygonf/

5/ tjypfvTwfjcif; - tjypfrSuif;vTwfapjcif; (tjypf&Sdjcif;rSvTwfNidrf;apjcif;) jzpfygonf/

bk&m;ocif\tjypfrS uif;vTwfapjcif;onf u&meDawmifukef;ü crnf;awmfvkyfaqmifjcif;tay:wGif

tajccHonf/ tjypfom;onfocifa,½Iüudk;pm;jcif;tm;jzifh w&m;½Hk;awmfESifhqdkifaom w&m;0if

tjypfvTwfjcif;&&SdNyD;? ,HkMunfolonfrdrd\ tjypfrsm;udkazmfjyawmif;yefvQif rdbESifhqdkifaom

tjypfvTwfjcif;udk&&Sdonf/

6/ csD;rGrf;jcif; (odkY) bkef;ay;jcif; - t½dktaoay;ícsD;ajrmufjcif;? *kPfawmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;?

udk;uG,fjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocif\bkef;awmf (*kPftoa&) onfol\NyD;jynfhpHkjcif;yifjzpfonf/

,HkMunfolonf ol olr\&Sifjyefxajrmufaom ukd,fcEmudk&&Sdonfhtcg bkef;awmfxif&Sm;ygvdrfhrnf/

7/ {0Ha*vdw&m; - {0Ha*vdw&m;udk owif;aumif;[lívnf;ac:qdkygonf/ ¤if;onf

u,fwifjcif;\0rf;ajrmufp&mowif;aumif;udkqdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/ tus,fcsJUíajym&rnfqdkvQif

"r®opfusrf;\ BuD;jrwfaomor®mw&m;rsm; tm;udk;&nfñTef;Eldifygonf/

8/ aus;Zl;awmf - xdkufwefjcif;r&Sdaomolrsm; xdkufwefjcif;r&Sd½Hkomru? aus;Zl;awmf\

qefYusifbufpum;vHk;ESifhom xdkufwefaomolrsm;tay:wGif bk&m;ocif\aus;Zl;jyKjcif; (odkY)

rsufESmomay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ¤if;onftzdk;tcrvdkbJ ay;aomvufaqmifjzpfNyD; ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh

vufcH&&Sdaomt&mjzpfonf/

9/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif; - ajzifhrwfaponf[lí,lqowfrSwfjcif;jzpfonf/ (Justify[laompum;vH k ;onf jrefrmusrf;pmwGi f tjypfajyvTwf jci f;[lí bmomjyefxm;&m

rSefuefajzifhrwfjcif;oabmudkaqmifygonf/) vlonfbk&m;ocif\ajzmifhrwfrI? rSefuefrIudk

todtrSwfjyKí0efcHaomtcg bk&m;ocif\ajzifhrwfrIudktwnfjyKjcif;jzpfNyD; {0Ha*vdw&m;udk

,HkMunfNyD;? aemifw&aomoludkbk&m;ocifu ajzmifhrwfaomoljzpfaponf/ ajzmifhrwfapjcif;onf

aus;Zl;awmf? ,HkMunfjcif;? taoG;awmf? vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;? bk&m;ocif\wefcdk;awmfwdkYtm;jzifh

&&Sdaomt&mjzpfygonf/ aus;Zl;awmfonf uREfkyfwdkY\xdkufwefrIr&Sdjcif;udkqdkvdk (&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfNyD;)

,HkMunfjcif;onf uREfkyfwdk YvufcH&jcif;\ enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ taoG;awmfonfc&pfawmfu

ay;qyfcJhaomtzdk;tcjzpfonf/ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYajzmifhrwfjcif;\ oufao

taxmuftxm;jzpfonf/ wefckdk;awmfjzifhc&pfawmf\ &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;onf bk&m;ocifu ol

(c&pfawmf) \vkyfaqmifcsufudkvufcHaMumif;jyojcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaemuf bk&m;ocifonf

ajzmifhrwfapaomoljzpfonf/

10/ ynwfawmf (odkY) ynwfw&m; - ¤if;onf trdefYawmfjzpfygonf/ "r®a[mif;acwfwGif

bk&m;ocifonf ynwfawmf\atmufwGif (ynwfawmfudkvdkufem&efusqHk;cJhygu &&Sdrnfhjypf'PfESifh

ylwGJí) vlwdkYtm;ppfaq;prf;oyfcJhygonf/ aumif;BuD;r*Fvmonf vlwdkY\emcHjcif;&Sd? r&Sdtay:wGif

rlwnfygonf/ "r®opfusrf;\trdefYawmf (ynwfawmf) rsm;onf aus;Zl;awmftm;jzifhu,fwifjcif;

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("r®opfacwf) emcHvdkufavQmufjcif;onf jypf'PfpD&ifjcif;udkaMumufa&GUjcif;aMumifhr[kwfyJ

cspfjcif;arwåm\ vsdKUaqmfjcif;tm;jzifhjzpfygonf/

12

11/ cGJcefUrSwfom;jcif; - vlwdkYtm;? tcsdKUaomae&mu@ (odkY) aumif;BuD;r*Fvm cHpm;jcif;twGuf

bk&m;ocif\BudKwifcG Jcef Y jcif; jzpfygonf/ ,H k Munfolrsm;onf om;awmf\yH ko@efESif h

woD;wnf;jzpfapjcif; iSgcGJcefYrSwfom;jcif;cH&aom olrsm;jzpfonf/

12/ tjypfajyjcif; (tjypfajyp&mtaMumif;) - c&pfawmf\toufpwnf;jcif; (,Zfaumif

tjzpfylaZmfjcif;) uJhodkYaomauseyfavmufonfhay;qyfjcif;twGuf? oem;jcif;*½kPmawmfudk jyoaom

vkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf/

13/ oifhjrwfapjcif; (rdó[m&zGJjcif;) - ygwDESpfcktMum;Nidrf;csrf;a&;udkzefwD;jcif;ESifh

&efNidK;xm;jcif;udkz,f&Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf &efyJG (wdkufyGJ) udkjzpfapaomtaMumif;&if;

jzpfonfhtjypfudk ocifa,½Ionf z,f&Sm;ay;ojzifh bk&m;ocifESifhjyefvnfoifhjrwfaomolrsm;onf/

14/ a&G;EIwfjcif; - ¤if;onfjyefvnf0,f,ljcif;jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf zefqif;jcif;

uwnf;u bk&m;ocif\vlrsm;jzpfMuonf/ odkYaomf tjypfvkyfaqmifjcif;tm;jzifh pmwefrmefewf\

aus;uRefrsm;jzpfvmcJhMuonf/ c&pfawmfonf tvGefwefcdk;BuD;rm;aom rdrd\taoG;awmfjrwftm;jzifh

uREfkyfwdkYtm;jyefvnf0,f,lcJhonf/

15/ aemifw&jcif; - rsufESmvGJjcif;? qefYusifbuftajctaeodkY ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/

rdrdudk,fudk? tjypf? c&pfawmfESifhbk&m;ocifbufqDodkY pdwfxm;ajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkrSwqifh

oabmxm;ajymif;vJjcif;? qufvufírdrd\ vkyfaqmifcsuftjyKtrlrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;jzpfonf/ rddrd\

pdwf (xm;) omru todw&m;ajymif;vJjcif;vJyg0ifonf/ ¤if;onftjypfom;wpfOD;taejzifh

rdrd\bk&m;w&m;uif;rJhjcif;? ysufqHk;aejcif;? tultnDuif;rJhjcif;? arQmfvifhcsufr&Sdjcif;ESif h

r dr d\aus;Z l ;w&m;vd ktyfaejci f ;wd k Yu d k od& S d0e fc H jci f ; jzp fonf/ ¤if ;onf r dr d\twå

(wpfudk,faumif;qefjcif;) udkqefYusifí bk&m;ocifbufodkYvnfhjcif; OD;wnfjcif;jzpfonf/

16/ &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif; - aovGefaomudk,fcE¨mrS &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;jzpfygonf/

&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;[k qdk&mü pdwf0dnmOfr[kwfyJ udk,fcEm&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;udk tNrJwrf;&nfñTef;

ygonf/

17/ ajzmifhrwfjcif; - þt&monftjypfESifhynwfw&m;uif;rJhjcif;\ qefYusifbufjzpfNyD;

rSefuefaomt&mESifh w&m;aomt&mudkvkyfaqmif (Ekdif) aomt&nftcsif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf

vHk;0O óHkajzmifhrwfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf ol\ajzifhrwfjcif;udkc&pfawmftm; ,HkMunfaomol

tay:odkYay;xm;awmfrlonf/ xkdajzmifhrwfjcif;onf ae&m,lrIqdkif&m (&mxl;ydkifqdkif&m) ajzmifhrwfjcif;

jzpfonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí,HkMunfolonf ajzmifhrwfpGmtouf&Sif&ygrnf/ ¤if; (ajzmifhrwfpGm

touf&Sifjcif;)onf vufawGUydkifqdkif&majzmifhrwfjcif;jzpfonf/

18/ u,fwifjcif; - tjypf? w&m;pD&ifjcif;? tusOf;axmif? a&epfjcif;ponfwdkYrS u,fEIwfjcif;

jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf0dnmOfu,fwifjcif;udk azmfjy&mwGif rMumcPtoHk;jyKonf/ odk Yaomf

&Sif;vif;wdusaom t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufudkrl? usrf;ydk'fESifhqufpyfaomtaMumif;t&m (context) tm;jzifh

qHk;jzwf&ygvdrfhrnf/

19/ pifMu,foefY&Sif;apjcif; - oD;oefYcGJcefYjcif;jzpfygonf/ c&pfawmfonfvuf0g;uyfwdkif\

vkyfief;twGuf rdrdudk,fudkoD;oefYcGJcefYcJhonf/ u,fwifjcif;r&ao;aomolrsm;onf oefY&Sif;aom

0dnmOfawmf\ oD;oefYcGJcefYjcif;udkcH,lEdlifygonf/ ¤if;onf onfjyifytcGifhta&;twGuf &mxl;ydkifqdkif&m

13

oD;oeYfcG JcefYjcif;jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;onf olwdk Y\toufwmajymif;vJonfh tcsdefwGif

bk&m;ocifxHodkY&mxl;ydkifqdkif&m oD;oefYcGJcefYjcif;udkcH&onf/ xdkaemuf aeYpOfBuHKawGU&aom t&mrsm;ü

rdrdudk,fudkoD;oefYcGJjcm;&rnf/ xdkaemuf aumif;uifbHkodkYa&mufaomtcg jynfhpHkaomoD;oefY

cGJcefYjcif;udkcHpm;&rnfjzpfonf/ oufrJht&mrsm;onfvnf;bJ bk&m;ocif\trIawmfvkyfief;twGuf

oD;oefYcGJcefYEdlifygonf/

20/ tjypf - bk&m;ocif\jynfhpHkjcif;udkpOf;pm;awG;awmjcif;? pum;vHk;? vkyfaqmifjcif; wpfpHk

wpfckaomtm;jzifh toa&ysufapjcif;jzpfonf/ tjypfonfynwfw&m;uif;rJhjcif;? rSef,Gif;aom

vkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh rSefuefaomt&mudk vkyfaqmif&efusqHk;jcif;jzpfygonf/

uREfkyfwdkYxJwGif tcsdKUaomolrsm;onf w&m;olBuD;tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfMuayvdrfhrnf/ uREfkyfwdkYxJu

trsm;pkaomolrsmonf TV wGifjyoavh&Sdaom w&m;½Hk;wGiftrIppfaq;jcif;udk Munfhzl;aumif;

Munfhzl;Muygvdrfhrnf/ wpfpHkwpfckaom rlcif;wdkif;ü pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aom u@wpfckrSm

rsufjrifoufaorsm;ESifh olwdkY\ ajymjycsufrsm;jzpfygonf/ wpfcsdKUaomolrsm;onf tifrwefrSavhvm

rSwfom;EdlifMuNyD; olwdk Y\ajymjycsufrsm;onf ,HkMunfpdwfcs avmufonf[kxif&ygonf/

olwdkUrawGUjrifaomt&mrsm;udk ]]jrifygw,f}} [lírajymjyMuovdk? jrifawGUaomt&m;rsm;udk azmfjy

(&Sif;jy) aomtcgwGifvnf; olwdkYrSwfrdoavmuf yrmPtxd? wdusrSefuefpGmajymjy (&Sif;jy) Muygonf/

tcsdKUaomrsufjrifoufaorsm;onf ,HkMunfpdwfcsavmufatmif rrSefuefaMumif;odom vSygonf/

uREfkyfwdkYxJwGif tcsdKUaomolrsm;onf Federal Bureau of Lnvestigation rSBuD;rSL;jyKvkyfaom

½ ky f& Si foi fwe f ;ü r dr d\r Sw fom;avhvmE d li faomt&nftcsi f ; (p Gr f ;tm;) pr f ;oy f

ppfaq;yGJwGifyg0ifcJhzl;aomolrsm;jzpfayonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtaejzifh wdkawmif;aomZmwfum;wpfckü

rawmfwqjzpf&yf (accident) wpfck\jrifuGif;wpfcktaMumif;ESifhpyfvsm;í xkwfxm;aomar;cGef;ESifh

ywfoufvmvQiftrSwf (&v'f) aumif;aumif;&rnf[kxifMuayrnf/ tu,fíuREfkyfwdkYonf

omrefxufwpfrlxl;jcm;qHk;jzpfatmif avhvmrSwfom;jcif;rjyKygu ar;cGef;rsm;\tajzrSefudk

oHk;yHkwpfyHkom &&Sdaumif;&&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ xdkZwfum;ü trsdK;orD;udkifaqmifcJhaom xD;ubmta&mifvJ/

&if haomta&mifvm;? 'grSr[kwfayghyg;aomta&mifvm;/ trSefwu,fawmholrbmudkrS

rudkifaqmifcJhyg/ FBI rSmoifwef;qif;cJhaomo½kyfaqmifwpfOD;tm; ¤if;ar;cGef;rsm;udkajzqdkrnf qdkygu

ar;cGef;tm;vHk; (odkY) tm;vHk;eD;yg; rSefuefatmifajzqdkEdlifygvdrfhrnf/

uREfkyfwdkYonf bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmfudkavhvmaeonfh tcdkufwGif uREfkyfwdkY\

pdwful;awG;awmcsufrsm;udk xdef;csKyfwwf&ef avhusifhoif,l&rnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYoif,lcJhaom

t&mrsm; (odkY) uREfkyfwdkY\xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;raeyJ ¤if;wdkYudkab;z,fxm;NyD;

¤if;EIwfuywfawmfwGifbm&SdvJqdkwmudk jrifwwf&efrdrd\pdwfudk avhusifhxdef;odrf;ay;&efvdk tyfygonf/

avhusifhrSwfom;jcif;vkyfief;udk jyKvkyf&mwGif rdrdudk,fudkxkwfar;&rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk

atmufwGifazmfjyxm;ygonf/

14

or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;ajcvSrf;rsm;or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;ajcvSrf;rsm;or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;ajcvSrf;rsm;or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;ajcvSrf;rsm;or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;ajcvSrf;rsm;

ajcvSrf; (1) ; avhvmrSwfom;jcif;ajcvSrf; (1) ; avhvmrSwfom;jcif;ajcvSrf; (1) ; avhvmrSwfom;jcif;ajcvSrf; (1) ; avhvmrSwfom;jcif;ajcvSrf; (1) ; avhvmrSwfom;jcif;

usrf;ydk'fwpfckudk¤if;\tquftpyfjzpfaomtaMumif;t&mESifh qufpyfí ravhvmygu

rrSefaom teufzGifhcsuf[lí uREfkyfwdkYavhvmcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf þowfrSwfcsufonf tNrJwrf;

(yHkao) awmhr[kwfyg/ tydk'fi,fwpfckwnf;jzifh or®musrf;pmtpftkyfvHk;udk umrdaomowif;aumif;

ESif h ywfoufonfh usrf;yd k' frsm;pGm&S dayonf/ (tquftpyfjzpfaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;

tawmtwGif;üomteuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkp&mrvdkyJ? ¤if;usrf;ydk'fwpfydk'fwnf;jzifh tusHK;0ifEdkifaom

usrf;ydk'frsm;pGm&Sdayonf)/ Oyrm-Martin Luther u&Sifa,m[ef 3;16 udkxdkuJhodkYaom usrf;ydk'f[lí

owfrSwfonf/ odkYjzpfapumrl? pnf;urf;pnf;rsOf;t& rdrdavhvmaeonfh pmtkyfrsm;? xkdusrf;pmudk

a&;om;ol (odkY) ajymqdkol? Mo0g'pm\y&dowf (odkY) ¤if;udkvufcH&&Sdol? ponfwdkYudk ydkif;jcm;odjrifwwf&ef

vdktyfygonf/

rsm;pGmaombmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf &Sifa,m[ef 3;5 udktoHk;jyKí a&üESpfjcif;cH

jcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfvkyftyfygonf[k oGefoifcJhMuonf/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'fudk atmufygtwdkif; zwf½I&ygonf/

]]a,½Iuvnf;? a&ESifh0dnmOfürarG;aomolrnfonfum;? bk&m;ocif\ EdlifiHawmfodkY r0if&[k

igtrSefuefqdk\}} þusrf;ydk'f\ Context t&qdkvQif (¤if;usrfydk'fESifhqufpyfonfh taMumif;t&m

t&qdkvQif) c&pfawmfonf c&pf,efa&ESpfjcif;cHjcif;taMumif;udk ajymqdkaejcif; rjzpfEdkifyg/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a,½Ionf *sL;bmoma&;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;tm; c&pf,ef toif;awmf

(yifawudkawaeYü) rwnfaxmifrSD? pum;ajymqdkaejcif;jzpfonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\omom

(Judaisim) ud kvufc H&e f olwp fyg ;tm;odr f ;o Gi f ;&mwGi f (ul ;a jymi f ;ap&mwGi f )

a&ESpfjcif;ay;onfrSefaomfjim;vnf;? edaum'if (Nicodemus) onf xdkuJhodkYul;ajymif;aomolr[kwf?

olonf*sL;vlrsdK;tjzpfarG;zGm;oljzpfNyD;? txifBuD;cH&aom (*kPffou©m&Sd) uúoa&v q&mwyg;vnf;

jzpfonf/

tjcm;aomolrsm;onf ocifa,½I\aemufqHk;npmpm;yG JwGif ol\taoG;tom;udk

(trSefwu,f) wkduf½dkufpm;oHk;jcif;jzpfonf[laom t,ltq (jyifyaygifrkefYESifhpyspf&nf\

aemufuG,fwGif taoG;? tom; vQdKU0SufpGmyg0ifonf[k odrSwfpGJvrf;jcif;t,ltq) udkaxmufyhH&ef

&Sifa,m[ef (6) wGif ocifa,½Iajymaompum;udk toHk;jyKMuonf/ þt&mrsm;tm; ocifa,½I

ub,folawGudkajymcJhovJ/ ¤if;onf uay&aemif (Capernaum) NrdKU\w&m;Z&yfwpfckwGif

*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;? qefYusifoltrsm;pkwdkYxHokdU udk,fawmf\aemufqHk;npmudkapmifhxdef;oHk;aqmif&ef

trdefYwpfpHkwpfckrSray;rSD (odkY) c&pf,eftoif;awmfrsm;tm;? ¤if;trdefYawmfudk apmifhxdef;&eftrdefYwpfpHk

wpfckrSray;rSD ajymcJhaompum;jzpfygonf/ xdkYjyif? ¤if;ajymcJhaompum;rsm;onf cEmydkif;qdkif&m r[kwfyJ?

0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&mü t"dyÜg,faumuf,l&ef tydk'fi,f (63) tm;jzifh &Sif;vif;xif&Sm;apygonf/

]]igajymaompum;onf 0dnmOfjzpf\/ toufvnf;jzpf\}}/

uREfkyfwdkYar;jref;onfhar;cGef;rsm;onf uREfkyfwdkYrlvwef;ausmif;wGifoif,lNyD;jzpfaumif;

15

(u) taxGaxGar;cGef;\yrmP (u) taxGaxGar;cGef;\yrmP (u) taxGaxGar;cGef;\yrmP (u) taxGaxGar;cGef;\yrmP (u) taxGaxGar;cGef;\yrmP

qufpyfpOf;pm;&rnfhtaMumif;t&mubmvJqufpyfpOf;pm;&rnfhtaMumif;t&mubmvJqufpyfpOf;pm;&rnfhtaMumif;t&mubmvJqufpyfpOf;pm;&rnfhtaMumif;t&mubmvJqufpyfpOf;pm;&rnfhtaMumif;t&mubmvJ

(((((c))))) ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&ef ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&ef ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&ef ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&ef ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&ef

jzpfvdrfhrnf? jyefvnfarhaysmufatmifarhyaysmufNyD;jzpfonf/ tifrwefrS½dk;&Sif;aom tajccHar;cGef;

rsm;omjzpfonf/

ar;cGef; (1) - b,folvJar;cGef; (1) - b,folvJar;cGef; (1) - b,folvJar;cGef; (1) - b,folvJar;cGef; (1) - b,folvJ

oifa&G;cs,fxm;aomusrf;ydk'fudk zwf½Iyg/ wdkawmif;aomusrf;ydk'fwpfckudk aoaocsmcsm

t&ifa&G;cs,fyg/ ar;cGef;rsm;rSm-b,folua&;om;ovJ? b,folYudkajymcJhovJ? (tu,fíxyfqifh

udk;um;aomusrf;ydk'fjzpfygu) b,foluajymaeovJ? b,foluvIyf&Sm; (vkyf) aeovJ? b,foludk

&nfñTef;aeovJ/

ar;cGef; (2) - bmvJar;cGef; (2) - bmvJar;cGef; (2) - bmvJar;cGef; (2) - bmvJar;cGef; (2) - bmvJ

tb,fjzpfysufrsm;jzpfaeovJ? þta&;tom;onf bmtrsdK;tpm;jzpfovJ/ uAsmvm;?

w&m;a[mcsufvm;? ordkif;vm;? oGefoifcsuf (doctoince) vm;? tem*wåd (odkY) Asm'dwfvm;?

¤if;\tajctae[mbmvJ? ¤if;jiif;cHkrI\vkd&if;tusOf;csKyf[mbmvJ? pma&;ol\ (qdkvdkonfh)

oabmvu©Pm[mbmvJ? ponfjzif h bmvJ[laom ar;cGef;onf wpfqif h Ny D;wpfqif h

yGm;rsm;apEdlifygonf/

ar;cGef; (3) - b,ftcsdefvJar;cGef; (3) - b,ftcsdefvJar;cGef; (3) - b,ftcsdefvJar;cGef; (3) - b,ftcsdefvJar;cGef; (3) - b,ftcsdefvJ

þusrf;ydk'fonf b,ftcsdefüjzpfysufcJhovJ? twdwfvm;? ypöKyefvm;? tem*wfvm;/ £úoa&v

EdlifiHudkrwnfaxmifcifacwfrsm;ü jzpfysufcJhjcif;vm;? ¤if;onf,ck ,HkMunfolrsm;\ acwfumvüvm;?

tem*wftwGufBudKwifa[mudef;xkwfjcif;vm;? aumif;uifbHküvm;/

ar;cGef; (4) - b,fae&mvJar;cGef; (4) - b,fae&mvJar;cGef; (4) - b,fae&mvJar;cGef; (4) - b,fae&mvJar;cGef; (4) - b,fae&mvJ

¤if;onf£ oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;oJuHEÅ&awmxJü Muifvnfaeonftawm twGif;ü

jzpfysufaeovm;? a,½I&Smvifüvm;? bmbkvkefüvm;? a&mufvmrnfhEdlifiHawmfüvm;/ ae&ma'oonf

ord ki f ;wGi f jzp fy sufc J haomtaMumi f ;t&mrsm;twGuf tifrwefr Sta&; BuD ;ayonf/

w&m;½Hk;\rIcif;wpfckwGif w&mcHudk ]]trIcif;jzpfwJhnu cifAsm;b,frSmaevJ}} [laomar;cGef;udk

ar;avh&Sdygonf/

ar;cGef; (5) - b,fvdkvJar;cGef; (5) - b,fvdkvJar;cGef; (5) - b,fvdkvJar;cGef; (5) - b,fvdkvJar;cGef; (5) - b,fvdkvJ

¤if;usrf;yd k'fxJu tajctaeonfb,fvdktm;jzifh jzpfay:vmovJ/ cspfjcif;arwåm

twGufaMumifhvm;? ppfyG JaMumif hvm;? ykefuefjcif;aMumifhvm;? *½kwpdkufpDrHxm;aomtpD

tpOfaMumifhvm;? bk&m;ocifu0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;aMumifhvm;/

ar;cGef; (6) - bmaMumifhvJar;cGef; (6) - bmaMumifhvJar;cGef; (6) - bmaMumifhvJar;cGef; (6) - bmaMumifhvJar;cGef; (6) - bmaMumifhvJ

bmaMumifhvJ[laomtaMumif;t&if;tqifhodkYa&mufvmonfhtcg avhvmrSwfom;jcif;

16

tqifhxuf teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhrIydkif;qdkif&mtajccHtaMumif;t&if;rsm; ydkrdk0ifa&mufvm&eftvm;vm

ydkrsm;ygonf/ wpfcgwpf&H? wpfpHkwpfckaomt&mrsm;onf tb,faMumifhjzpfysuf&onfudk &Sif;vif;pGm

od&ygonf/ ¤if;onfbk&m;ocif\ a[mudef;xkwfjcif; (Asm'dwf) aMumifhjzpf&onf/ ¤if;onftwdwfu

jzpf&onf/ ¤if;onftwdwfujzpfysufjcif;\ obm0tusdK;oufa&mufrIjzpfonf/ (ponfjzifh)/

,ck? *vmwdMo0g'pmtcef; (1) udk,lí þar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;MuygpdkY/

bmolvJ - *vmwdrSm&Sdaom ,HkMunfolrsm;udk &Sifaygvku pma&;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

bmvJ - *vmwd,HkMunfolrsm;onf rSm;,Gif;aomowif;aumif;udk Mum;emojzifh &Sifaygvk

(0rf;enf;aejcif;) pdwfraumif;jzpfaejcif;jzpfonf/

b,ftcsdefvJ - toif;awmf (wnfaxmifjcif;) \tapmydkif;umvjzpfonf/

xdkrwdkifrD? &Sifaygvku xkdolwdkYtm;w&m;a[mcJhonf/

b,fae&mrSmvJ - or®musrf;pm\aemufausmü&Sdaom ajryHk (odkY) Bible atlas [kac:aom

usrf;pmajryHkudkMunfh½Iygu *vmwdonf Asia Minor \tv,fydkif;wGif

wnf&SdaMumif;jyooGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

bmaMumifhvJ - ¤if;onftrSm;t,Gif;udkwdkufxkwf&ef jzpfNyD;? ol (&Sifaygvk) a[majymaom

owif;aumif;ESifh? ol\wrefawmfjzpfjcif;tcGifhtmPmudk ckcHumuG,f

jcif;jzpfonf/

b,fvdkvJ - *vmwdtoif;awmf&Sd ,HkMunfolrsm;onf cPcPtajymif;tvJ&Sdonfudk

&SifaygvkxH owif;a&muf&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif olwdkYajcrcdkifjcpfcJhonfudk

tvGefYtvGeftHhMocJhonf/

ajcvSrf; (2) ; teuft"dyÜg,fzGif hqdkjcif;ajcvSrf; (2) ; teuft"dyÜg,fzGif hqdkjcif;ajcvSrf; (2) ; teuft"dyÜg,fzGif hqdkjcif;ajcvSrf; (2) ; teuft"dyÜg,fzGif hqdkjcif;ajcvSrf; (2) ; teuft"dyÜg,fzGif hqdkjcif;

yxrajcvSrf;onf usrf;ydk'fubmajymovJqdkwmudk avhvmrSwfom;jcif;jzpfNyD;? 'kwd,ajcvSrf;

onfusrf;ydk'fu bmudkqdkvdkovJ[laom tcsufudkavhvmjcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&Husrf;ydk'fonf

½dk;&Sif;vSonfjzpfí? oifhtaejzifh? rdrd\pdwf0ifpm;aomtaMumif;t&m? udk,fydkif (OD;pm;ay;aom)

tav;ay;aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk oufaotaxmuftxm;tjzpfjy&ef? 'grSr[kwf'd|dt,l0g' (odkY)

oifcGJjcif;twGuf? usrf;ydk'f\t&Sdudkt&Sdtwdkif;xuf rausmfvGefapyJ (bufrvkdufbJ) rQwavQmfnDpGm

toHk;jyKrnfqdkvQif ¤if;\qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜg,ftwGuf tvkyf½Iyfp&mrvdkay/

c&pf,efavmuwGif vlwdkif;eD;yg; t"dyÜg,faumufEIwfcsufoabmwlnDrI wpfxyfwnf;

usa&mufEdlifaomusrf;ydk'f (tydk'fi,f) wpfydk'fudk (om"utjzpfa&G;cs,fNyD;) tpjyKMuygpdkY/

1ayw½k 5;7 wGifwrefawmfaywm½ku ]]oifwdkYudkowdESifhMunfh½IawmfrlaomaMumifh? oifudkü

pdk;&drfjcif;trI&SdorQwdkYudk udk,fawmfütyfESHMuavmh}} [líazmfjyygonf/ uREfkyfwkdUudkowdESifh

Munfh½IawmfrlaomaMumifh? rdrdwdkY\pdk;&drfylyefrItm;vHk;udk bk&m;ociftay:ü tyfESHMu&efjzpfonf/

(t*Fvdyfusrf;pmwGif ]owdESifhMunfh½Iawmfrl\} ]pdk;&drfjcif;trI} [laompum;vHk;ESpfcktwGuf care [laom

pum;vHk;omtoHk;jyKonf/ odkYjzifh uREfkyfwdkYonftjcm;bmomjyefusrf;pmrsm;udkavhvm csifMuayvdrfhrnf/

) ]care} [laompum;vHk;onf tpOftvmt& kjv ESifh nkjv wdkY\toHk;tEIef;jzpfNyD; William Tyndale

17

bmomjyefcJhaom yxrOD;qHk;t*Fvdyf"r®opfusrf;pmudk yHkESdyfxkwfa0onf/ (1526 ckESpf)/

uwnf;utoHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'f\ ]care} [lítoHk;jyKaompum;vHk;ESpfckonf

rl&if;bmompum;wGif vHk;0uGJjym;jcm;em;onf/ yxr ]care} onftEIwfvu©mPmaqmifaom

pum;vHk; ]care} (*½kpdkufjcif;) onfBud,m (me lo) jzpfNyD; t"dyÜg,frSm pdwf0ifpm;jcif; (odkY)

yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;tay: ta&;pdkufjcif; (odkY) oif\ *½kpdkufjcif;udk cH&aomol t&m0wåK [líjzpfygonf/

odkYjzifhpdk;&drfylyefrIjzpfapaom *½kpdkufrIESifhcspfcifMuifemrIay;aom *½kpdkufrI (wpfenf;tm;jzifh

aomua&mufapaom pdk;&drfylyefjcif;ESifh cspfcifMuifempGmpdk;&drfay;jcif;) wdkYtMum;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;

udk&Sifaywk½ku azmfjyaejcif;jzpfonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfNyD;qHk;onftxd touf&SifaomtoufBuD;ydkif;

Oa&myvlrsdK;oef;aygif;rsm;pGmwdk Yonf tar&duefukefwif,OfysHrS yd k Yay;aompOf;pOf;pm;pm;

*½kwpdkufpdk;&drfpGmjzifh o,faqmif&aomtxkyftydk;rsm;rSwqifh¤if; ]care} \t"dyÜg,fqkdvdk&if;udk

wduspGmod&SdMuayonf/

txufygtao;pdwfazmfjyjcif;onf oif\teufzGifhqdkcsufudkBuD;yGm;wdk;wufaponf/ odkYaomf

qdkvdk&if;\t"dyÜg,fonf &Sif;vif;vSonfjzpf&m? ¤if;pum;vHk;udk Reformation acwfübk&m;ocif\

EIwfuywfawmftwGuf rmol&tjzpftaocHaom William Tynale a&G;cs,faompum;vHk;jzpfNyD; KJVversion wGifxdrdpGm (vSypGm) azmfjytoHk;jyKxm;ygonf/

yd kícufcJaomusrf;yd k'frsm;? txl;ojzif h tjiif;yGm;zG,f&mjzpfaomusrf;yd k'frsm;wGif

(pdk;&drfylyefjcif;r[kwfaom) BuD;jrwfaom ]care} *½kpdkufjcif; (owdESifhMunfh½Ijcif;) udkrSefuefaom

qdkvkd&if;t"dyÜg,fodkYa&muf&SdEdkif&ef ydkítoHk;jyKoifhonf/ Oyrm-,HkMunfaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmf

aMumifhu,fwifjcif;odkYa&muf&\ [laomoGefoifcsufudk jiif;y,faomolrsm;onf þuJhodkYaom

½dk;&Sif;onfhusrf;ydk'frsm;udkwifjyaomtcg ]tdk 'guawmhcifAsm;&JUudk,fydkifteuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufyJ}

[kjyefajymavh&SdMuonf/ xkdodkYjyefajymMu&mwGif ]tenf;qHk;vkyfaqmifcsufwpdwfwpfydkif;tav;

yg0ifrSomvQif u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufonf} [laom (acwftqufquf) wnfaqmufxm;onfh

bmoma&;t,l0g'rsm;udk &nf&G,fíajymMuygonf/ xdkolwdkYonf {zufMo0g' 2;8 uJhodkYaom

],HkMunfaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh} u,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufaMumif;oifay;onfh usrf;ydk'frsm;pGm

wdkYudktrsdK;rsdK;jzifh (taMumif;jy) &Sif;jyíqifajcay;cJhMuonf/

c&pf,efrsm;tMum;wGif jcm;em;uGJjym;jcif;rsm;pGm&Sd&jcif;jzpf&jcif;onf trsdK;rsdK;aom

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS jcm;em;aombmomjyefqdkcsuftoD;oD;aMumifh usrf;ydk'frsm; uGm[oGm;wmrsdK; wdkYtm;jzifh

jzpfay:vmjcif;r[kwfyJ acwftqufqufu toif;awmf\xHkwrf;tpOftvmudk toif;awmf*kPf;

rsm;u b,favmufxdwG,fzufaeovJ[laom taMumif;aMumifh c&pf,efrsm; uGJjym;jcm;em;&jcif;

jzpfonf/

Oyrm-Reformation acwf (1560) wGif Martin Lutter uor®musrf;pmwGif twdtus

(tao;pdwf) wm;jrpfjcif;r&Sdaom 0wf½Hk (0wfjcif;)? za,mif;wdkif (xGef;ñSdjcif;) uJhodkYaom?

tp&Sdonfht&mrsm;udk xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;onf aumif;ygonf[lí ,lqxm;onf/ John Calvin url

or®musrf;pmürawGU&aom t&mtm;vHk;eD;yg;ud k xkwfypfcsifonf/ rnfonfhEd lifiHwGifrS

EdlifiHawmf\toif;awmfrjzpfzl;aom vGwfvyfaomtoif;awmfrsm; onfc&pf,ef toif;awmf

18

rsm;teuf? tpGef;a&mufqHk;aomtoif;awmfwnfaxmifjcif; ponfwdkYudk uefYuGufcJhMuonf/ ESpfjcif;?

rwfo'pf (Methodist)? usrf;pmtoif;awmfrsm;? nDtpfudk toif;awmfrsm;wdk Yonf¤if;

(tpGef;a&mufonfh) toif;awmfrsm;rS qif;oufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

or®musrf;pmudk wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh (tqifhqifh) avhvmjcif;onf b,favmuftxd

BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIvkdtyfonfudk (odkY) cufcJwwfonfudk? cJ,Of;NyD; tjiif;yGm;zG,f&mjzpfaom

usrf;ydk'fwpfckudk om"utjzpf,lí teufzGifhMunfhMuygpdkY/

]]ayw½kuvnf;? oifwdkY\tjypfudkvTwfapjcif;iSg aemifw&íwpfa,mufrQr<uif;? a,½Ic&pf\

emrüAwådZHudkcHMuavmh}} (wrefawmf 2 ; 38)/

&Sifayw½ku tb,folwdkYtm; þpum;rsm;ajymcJhovJqdkwmudk yxrOD;qHk;rSwfom;&ygrnf/

¤if;pum;rsm;udk uúoa&vvlrsdK;? ,k'vlrsdK;rsm;udk ajymMum;aejcif;jzpfonf/ ayw½konf

wpfyg;trsdK;om;rsm; ('grSr[kwf) c&pf,efrsm;udk pum;ajymaejcif;r[kwfyJ? rajymif;vJao;aom

*sL;lvlrsdK;rsm;udk ajymqdkaejcif;jzpfonf/ ol? yxrqHk;ajymxGufaompum;vHk;onf ]aemifw&Muyg}

[laompum;vHk;jzpfonf/ xdkolwdkYtaejzifhtb,ft&mudk aemifw&oifhovJ/ a,bk,stm;jzifh

olwdkY\tjypftm;vHk;twGuf aemifw&&rnf? odkYaomf ayw½k\pdwfxJwGif qdkvdkcsifaom txl;tjypf

wpfckusefygao;onf/ ¤if;rSm bkef;toa& ESifhjynfhpHkaom udk,fawmfa,½Itm; vuf0g;um;wdkifwGif

taoowfcJhaom tjypfjzpfaMumif;? tydk'fi,f 23 ESifh 26 wdkYtm;jzifh&Sif;vif;pGmod&ygonf/

]]bk&m;ocifjyXmef;awmfrlaom tvdkawmftm;jzifh¤if;? tem*wfwd? ynwfawmftm;jzifh¤if;? tyfESHjcif;udk

cHaom xdka,½IudkoifwdkYonf zrf;qD;írw&m;aomolwdkYvufjzifh vuf0g;uyfwdkifü½dkufí uGyfrsufMuNyD}}/

(tydk'fi,f 23)

]]xdkaMumifhoifwdkYonf vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm uGyfrsufaoma,½Iudk bk&m;ocifonfc&pfawmf

t&mü¤if;? tpdk;&aomt&Sift&mü¤if; cefYxm;awmfrlonf----}} (tydk'fi,f 36)

aemifw&NyD;onfhtcg? &Sifayw½k\pum;udk em;axmifaomolrsm;taejzifh bmudk

qufvkyfoifhvJ/ a,½Ic&pfawmf\ emrüESpfjcif;cH&rnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf c&pf,efESpfjcif;cHjcif;jzifh

ESpfjcif;cH&rnf[lí qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkodkYESpfjcif;cHjcif;tm;jzifh xdkolwdkYonf c&pfawmfudk uGyfrsufaom

vlrsdK;rScG Jjcm;oGm;NyD;? c&pfawmfESif hqufpyfaMumif; vlod&SifMum;azmfxkwfjyojcif;jzpfonf/

¤if;ESpfjcif;cHjcif;onf ]tjypfudkvTwfapjcif;iSg} [líajymxm;ygonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;onfomvQif

tjypfvTwfjcif;twGuf a&ESpfjcif;cH&eftrdefUay;jcif;cH&aomolrsm;jzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkYavhvmNyD;jzpfonfh

twdkif;? þusrf;ydk'fwGif xdkolwdkY\tjypfonf txl;ojzifhar&Sd& (Messiah) tay:jyKrlqufqHjcif;udk

&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfygonf/ a&üESpfjcif;r*FvmcHjcif;tm;jzifh ]oabmrajzmifhaomþtrsdK;rS} olwdkYudk,f

olwdkUu,fwif&ma&mufayonf/ (tydk'fi,f 40)/ c&pfawmfudktaoowfaom vdyfjymrvHkonfh

tjypfudk rdrdacgif;ay:wGifwifaom trsdK;rS rdrdudk,frdrdwdkYoD;oefYcGJjcrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ (róJ

27;25udkzwfyg)/

a&ESpfjcif;cHjcif;onf olwdkY\0dnmOfudkru,fwifcJhay/ odkYaomf¤if;tm;jzifh c&pfawmfESifh

ywfoufaomvdyfjymroefYonfhaoG;rS vGwfajrmufapygonf/ a&ESpfjcif;r*Fvmu *sL;vlrsdK;ü

wnfaomtjypfudkxkwfypfNyD;c&pf,efüwnfaom tjypfodkYwyfqifay;onf/

19

]]tjypfudkvTwfapjcif;iSg}} [laoma0g[m&\tjcm;w&m;0if (tusHK;0if) aomteuft"dyÜg,f

csuf&Sdygao;onf/ ¤if;onf tjypfudkvTwfNyD;aomaMumifh a&ESpfjcif;cH&efwdkufwGef;jcif;jzpfEdlifygonf/

aemifw&jcif;tm;jzifh (,HkMunfudk;pm;rI&SdaMumif;od&Sd&NyD;) tjypfvTwfjcif;udk vufcH&&SdcJhMuonf/

xdktwGufaMumifh olwdkYudka&ESpfjcif;cH&ef wdkufwGef;&jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkaMumifha&ESpfjcif;cHjcif;onf

twGif;ydkif;üjzpfysufaomt&m\ jyifytrSwftom; (tjyifodkYjyojcif;\trSwftom;) jzpfonf/

]]oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh pGrf;&nfaus;Zl;awmfudkcH&Muvdrfhrnf}} xdk*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonf

aemifw&NyD; ,HkMunfonfESifhwNydKifeuf toufwmajymif;vJoGm;cJhMuonf/ olwdkYonfar&Sd& (Mes-siah) \opömcHjzpfjcif;udka&ESpfjcif;cHjcif;tm;jzifh vlod&SifMum;oufaojyonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf

oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk&&SdcJhMuonf/

ajcvSrf; (3) ; toHk;csjcif;ajcvSrf; (3) ; toHk;csjcif;ajcvSrf; (3) ; toHk;csjcif;ajcvSrf; (3) ; toHk;csjcif;ajcvSrf; (3) ; toHk;csjcif;

þaemufqHk;tqifhudkwuúaA'enf;ususajym&rnfqdkvQif rdrdoif,lcJhonfhoifcef;pmrsm;udk

(vufawGU) toHk;csjcif;jzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'fubmajymovJ[laomtcsufonf avhvmrSwfom;jcif; jzpfNyD;?

usrf;ydk'fubmudkqdkvkdovJ [laomtcsufonf teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkjcif;jzpfonf/ usrf;ydk'fu

uREf kyftm;bmudkqdkvdkcsifovJ (bmajymovJ) [laomt&monf toHk k;csjcif;jzpfygonf/

uREfkyfwkdYtrsm;pku awGUBuHKcJhMuonfhtwdkif;? ]]or®musrf;pmusrf;pmavhvmjcif;}} [lonf? trSefwu,fyJ

rodem;rvnfrItoD;oD;pkaygif;yg0ifaom or®musrf;pmavhvmjcif;jzpfwwfygonf/ jcm;em;aom

usrf;pmbmomjyefonfht&mav;? ig;ckavmufudkzwfNyD;? ¤if;zwf½Ixm;aom usrf;pmESifhqufpyf

onfhtaMumif;t&mudk avhvmrSwfom;jcif;r&SdapyJ? ]]'Dusrf;pmu uREfkyf (odkY) uREfkyfwdkYudkbmajymovJ}}

[lí? toHk;csjcif;odkYwdkuf½kdkufwef;oGm;Muwwfygonf/ odkYjzpfonfhwkdifatmif? uREkfyfwdkYtaejzifh

usrf;ydk'frsm;udkvufawGUtoHk;cs&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkodkYrjyKvQif bk&m;ocif\ EIwfuywfawmfavhvmjcif;

onf ynma&;ESifhqdkifaom todOmPfavhusifhcef;vkyfjcif;rQom jzpfoGm;Edlifonf/ usrf;pmxJ&Sd

tcs d K UaomtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf uREf ky fwd k YtwGufwd kuf½d kuf toH k;csír&yg/ Oyrm-

£oa&vtrsdK;om; (vlBuD;) rsm;tm;vHk;udk? vmMu&eftrdefYay;cJhonf/ uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkuJhodkYvkdufí

jyKvkyf&ef rarQmfvifhoifhyg/ xdkodk Ytpm;? þtrdefYawmfonf uREfkyfwdk Y\toif;awmf0wfjyK

pnf;a0;jcif;rsm;ü opöm&SdpGmyg0ifMu&ef c&pf,efrsm;tm; wdkufwGef;tm;ay;&mwGif toHk;csEdlifygonf/

odkYaomf ]]ocifa,½Ic&pfudk,HkMunfavmh/ ,HkMunfvQifu,fwifjcif;odkYa&mufvdrhfrnf/

(wrefawmf 16;31) [líuREfkyfwkdYtm;ajymcJhvQif vdkufemjcif;r&Sdao;yg/ (csufcsif;) vdkufem

emcHoifhygonf/ uREfkyfwdkYtaejzifh a&ESpf ESpfjcif;cHjcif;r&SdcJh (zl;) ao;vQif"r®opf\ awmif;qdkcsuf

twdkif; ¤if;udkaqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ ,cifudk,fawmfu ol\vl (,HkMunfol) rsm;tm;? ocifnpmpm;yGJ

(yGJawmf) üolUudkowd&Mu&efajymcJhygu ¤if;udkaqmif&GufEdlifonfhtcsdefwdkif;ü usdef;aovkyfaqmifoifh

ygonf/ (1 aum 11;24)/ rdrd\EIwfyg;pyfudkapmifhxdef;jcif;uJhodkYaom? tcsdKUtrdefYawmfrsm;udk

atmifjrifpGmemcHvdkufavQmufEdlif&eftwGuf ESpftawmfMum avhusifhysdK;axmifay;&ef vdktyfaumif;

vdktyfygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf ,mukyf 3;1-12 wGifazmfjyxm;aom &Sif,mukyf\ trdefYudkwpfae&mwGif

pwiftoHk;cszdkYvdktyfygonf/

20

rdrdud k,fyd kifavhvmjcif;ü¤if;? usrf;pmavhvmjcif;oifwef;yd k YcsNyD;onfhtcsdefü¤if;?

w&m;a[mNyD;onfhtcsdefwGif¤if;?vufawGUtoHk;csí&aomtcsufrsm;udk black beard ay:wGif

pm&if;jyKpkjcif;? 'grSr[kwf rdrd\acgif;ay:&Sdjy0uf (projector) rSwqifhvlrsdK;pm;aygif;pHkwdkY\

wifqufjcif;onf rrSm;,Gif;Edlifaom? vHk;0OóHkvHkavmufaom? vSypGmwnfaqmufxm;aom

bk&m;ocifpmtkyf\ bufpHktoHk;jyKEdlifjcif;udk xl;jcm;pGm cif;usif;jyojcif;jzpfygonf/

txl;udpötxl;udpötxl;udpötxl;udpötxl;udpö

wifpm;yHkazmfxm;aompum;wifpm;yHkazmfxm;aompum;wifpm;yHkazmfxm;aompum;wifpm;yHkazmfxm;aompum;wifpm;yHkazmfxm;aompum;

or®musrf;pmudkpmom;twdkif; (t&Sdtwdkif;) wdkuf½dkufteuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkoifhonf[lí

ajymjcif;xuf? omreftm;jzifh teuft"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkoifhonf[lí ajymjcif;onf ydkíaumif;rGef

vdrfhrnf[kxifrdygonf/ þodkYajym&jcif;onf wifpm;yHkazmfxm;aompum;rsm;twGuf ae&may;jcif;

jzpfNyD;? ¤if;wdkY\t"dyÜg,fqdkvdkcsufonf ppfrSefvS rSefuefonfhwdkifatmif uREfkyfwdkYtaejzifh ¤if;wdkYtm;

pmom;twdkif;wdkuf½dkuf t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkjcif;rjyKvkyfoifhyg/ Oyrm-qmvHusrf;wGif opfyifrsm;onf

vufckyfwD;Mu\ wl;az:jy&mwGif uREfkyfwdkYodonfhtwdkif;? opfyifüvufrsm;r&Sdaomfjim;vnf; ¤if;wdkY\

tudkif; t&Gufrsm;twlwuG vIyf&Sm;jcif;onf bk&m;ocifzefqif;xm;aom vuf&mrsm;uolYudk

csD;rGrf;aMumif; BuD;jrwfaomyHkaz:csufjzpfonf/

Simile OyrmtvuFm (wifpm;jcif;) - wpfpHkwpfckaomt&mudk ]uJodkY} [laompum;vHk;

toHk;jyKí? tjcm;t&mwpfckESifh cdkif;EdIifazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]rsufpdawmfonf rD;vQHuJhodkYjzpf\}} (Asm'dwf

1;14)/

Metonymy - qdkvdk&if;\tpm;xdk;trnf - emrfwpfckudk¤if;ESifhoufqdkifaom tjcm;emrfwpfck

twGuf (udk,fpm;) toHk;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ 1 aum 11;26 wGifcGufudk¤if;\txJüyg0ifaom

t&mudk,fpm;toHk;xm;ygonf/ aumavmoJ 3;5-8-9 wGifajrBuD;ay:rSm&Sdaom oifwdkY\ udk,ft*Fg

(uREfkyfwdkY\udk,ft*Fgrsm;) [laompum;vHk;onf ¤if;udk,ft*Fgtm;jzifh ]]usL;vGefcJhaomtjypfrsm;}}

udk,fpm;toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/

Hyperbole - twdó,0kwådtvFum (yHkBuD;csJUjcif;) - ¤if;onfcsJUum;íajymaom

pum;jzpfonf/ (usrf;pmzwf½Ionfhtcgvrf;rSm;roGm;&atmif vGJrSm;jcif;r&Sd&avatmif) yHkBuD;csJUí

ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif;? odomxif&Sm;ygonf/ ]]vrf;jyaomvluef;wdkY? oifwdkYonfjcifwpfaumifudkrQ

rygapjcif;iSg a&udkppfvsufESifhukvm;tkyfudkrsdKjy\}} (&SifróJ 23;24)/

Parable - yHkaqmif0wåK (yHkOyrm) - tcsuftvuf (odkY) pdwful;,Ofqefaom0wåKudk (Zwfvrf;wdk)

jzpfNyD;? ¤if;\rsufESmjyifatmufwGif ydkíeufeJaom teuft"dyÜg,fudkaqmifxm;onf/ wpfcgw&H

yHkjyifwpfckvHk;ü oGefoifcsifonfht&mwpfckom azmfjyxm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\ ocifa,½Ionf?

or®mw&m;udk ½dk;om;jzLpifaompdwfqE´jyif od&Sdvdkolrsm;twGuf oabmaygufEdlif&ef? yHkOyrm

rsm;udktoHk;jyKonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;onfor®mw&m;ü pdwftm;xufoefjcif;r&Sdaomolrsm;twGuf

or®w&m;tvif;udkxkwfray;cJhay/ (&SifróJ 13 ; 10 - 17)/

Allegory - ½lyutvuFmwGJ - ¤if;onfZwfvrf;yHkjyifrsm;udk ½lyutvuFmyHkpHjzifh

21

azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ yHkOyrm uJhodkYyifjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;\Zwfvrf;yHkjyifonfydkí&Snfvsm;onf/

odkYaomf yHkOyrmuJhodkYtao;pdwfyHkaz:&efrvdktyfay/ &SifaygvkonftmNAd[\ tdrfaxmifonfb0

ordkif;aMumif;udk ½lyutvuFmyHkpHtoHk;jyKí aus;Zl;awmfESifh ynwfawmfwGJí r&aMumif; jyocJhonf/

(*vmwd 4 ; 21-31)/ John Bunyan's \ Pilgrim's Progress onfydkí&Snfvsm;NyD; ¤if;pmtkyfonf

tjypfom;wpfOD;\ pmwefEdlifiHrSaumif;uifa&TjynfodkYc&D;oGm;jcif;udk yHkazmf&Sif;jyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

Parallelim - NydKifwlazmfjyjcif; - ]]rdk;aumif;uifonfbk&m;ocif\ bkef;toa&awmfudk

Mum;ajymí? rdk;rsufESmMuufonf vufawmfESifhvkyfaomt&mrsm;udkjyo\}} (qmvH 19;1)/

wlnDaomt&mudkenf;vrf;ESpfrs d K;jzif hazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/ þjydKifwlEd Iif;,SOfazmfjyjcif;onf

uAsmpyfqdk&mwGif a[NAJvlrsdK;rsm;ESpfoufaom enf;ynmjzpfonf/

Irony - aZmufxkd;íajymaompum; - t&Sdtwdkif;wdkuf½dkufajymjcif;xuf wpfpHkwpfckaom

pum;tm;jzifh ajymqdkazmfjy&mwGif toHk;jyKaompum;jzpfNyD; &,f&Tifp&m? oa&mfjcif; (odkY) aighaom

pum;rsm;yg0ifwwfonf/ 2 aum 11;8 wGif&Sifaygvku aum&dE K vlwdkYudk tzdk;tcr,lyJ (p&dwfNidrf;)

w&m;a[mEdkif&eftwGuf tjcm;toif;awmfrsm;xHrS p&dwfvk,lcJhonf[kajymcJhonf/

Synedoche - tpdwftydkif;wpfckudktm;vHk;twGuf (odkY) tm;vHk; (tukefvHk;) udktpdwftydkif;

twGuftoHk;jyKjcif; - Oyrm - ]]oifonfajrrIefY}} (urÇmOD;usrf; 3;19)? wpfEdlifiHvHk; (t*Fvdyfusrf;pmwGif

wpfurÇmvHk;) udkpm&if;,lapjcif;iSg---trdefYawmf&Sd\}} (&Sifvkum 2 ; 1)/

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23

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24

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25

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26

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27

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28

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29

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31

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32

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33

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34

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edaea0 - tm½I&dEdlifiH\NrdKUawmf

½I&d - aemufxyf£oa&v\&efolEdlifiH

(u) z&mzufpmtkyfwGif ta&;ygaomemrnfrsm;(u) z&mzufpmtkyfwGif ta&;ygaomemrnfrsm;(u) z&mzufpmtkyfwGif ta&;ygaomemrnfrsm;(u) z&mzufpmtkyfwGif ta&;ygaomemrnfrsm;(u) z&mzufpmtkyfwGif ta&;ygaomemrnfrsm;

35

'rmouf - ½I&dEdlifiHawmf\NrdKUawmf ESifh jynfhe,fwpfck

tJ*kwåK (tD*spf) - awmifydkif;bk&ifutkyfcsKyfonfh wkdif;jynfAmADvkefeD;,m;? AmAkvkef? cgv'J

þemrnfrsm;onfwpfcgwpf&HzvS,fí toHk; jyKaomemrnfrsm;jzpfonf/ AmAkvkefonf

¤if;EdlifiH\NrdKUawmfjzpfonf/

ya&mzufpmtkyf (odkY) tem*wdåusrf;rsm;onf tawmftwefuAsmqefonfhta&;tom;

rsm;vnf;jzpfay&m? ¤if;wdkYudkavhvmonfhtcg tcsdef (odkY) umvtydkif;tjcm;rsm;udk vQifjrefpGm

ul;ajymif;wwf&efvdktyfygonf/ usa&mufvmrnfhbk&m;ocif\ w&m;pD&ifjcif;taMumif;

[pfa<u;aeonfhtckdufwGif (a,mv 3;14 -16)? bkef;wefcdk;ESifhjynfhpHkaom EdlifiHawmfwnfrnfh

tMumif;t&modk Y ½kwfw&ufajymif;vJvkyfNyD; ya&mzufjyKwwfMuonf (a,mv 3;17-18)

usrf;ydk'ftpfydk'fwnf;ü yifvQif? ar&Sd,\yxrBudrf<ua&mufvmrnfhtaMumif;udk ya&mzufjyKae&mrS?

ydk'f&yfoauFw (semicolon) wpfckpmavmufjcm;vdkuf½Hkjzifh ar&Sd,\'kwd,tBudrf<ua&mufvmjcif;

taMumif;t&modkYajymif;a&GUoGm;wwfMuonf/

xm0&bk&m;\aeY&ufonf 24 em&D (wpf&uf) udkqdkvdkjcif;r[kwfyJ &mpkESpfrsm;pGmMumonfh

tcsdefumvudkqdkvdkonf/ "r®a[mif;usrf;wGif bk&m;ocifu £oa&v\&efolrsm;udk tEdlif,lonfh

tcsdefwdkif; (odkY) ol\vlrsm;udk bk&m;ocifujypf'PfpD&ifonfhtcsdefwdkif;udk &nfñTef;jcif;jzpfonf/

"r®opfusrf;wGif xm0&bk&m;\aeY&ufonf csDaqmifjcif; (rapture) tNyD;wGiftpjyKí? 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;

umv (Tribulation) c&pfawmf\ 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif;? ESpfwpfaxmiftkyfpdk;jcif; (the Millen-nium) ESifhaemufqHk;üaumif;uifESifh ajrBuD;udk rD;jzifhzsufqD;jcif;wdkYyg0ifonf/

oifhtaejzifh &nfñTef;csufESpfxyf\ed,mrudkapmifhMunfhcsif;? odcsifygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;\vdk&if;

t"dyÜg,frSm tem*wådpum; (odkY) ya&mzufjyKjcif;wpfckonf tapmydkif;wGifwpf0ufwpfysuf

jynfhpHkNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGif tNyD;owf jyefvnfjynfhpHkjcif;udk &nfñTef;jcif;jzpfygonf/

a,mv\tem*wdåpum; (2 ;28-32 ) onf¤if;\pHjy Oyrmwpfckjzpfonf/ þtem*wådpum;onf

ar&Sd,udk,HkMunfvufcHaom *sL;vlrsdK;tkyfpkwpfpkwdk Ytay:wGif oeYf&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf

oGef;avmif;aom yifawukawåaeYwGif wpf0ufwpfysufjynfhpHkcJhNyD;? vlrsdK;wumwdkYtay:ü oefY&Sif;aom

0dnmOfawmf oGef;avmif;rnfh c&pfawmf\ 'kwd,tBudrf<ua&mufvmjcif;ü ¤if;tem*wåd

pum;onftNyD;owf jynfhpHkygvdrfhrnf/

bk&m;ocif\ya&mzufrsm;tjyif? rdpämya&mzufrsm;vnf;&Sdygonf/ olwdk Yonftjypf

vGefusL;jcif;ESifhykefuefx<uonfhtcsdefrsm;ü Nidrfoufjcif;ESifhaumif;pm;jcif;taMumif;udk tNrJwrf;za&m

36

(c) tcsdeful;ajymif;jcif;(c) tcsdeful;ajymif;jcif;(c) tcsdeful;ajymif;jcif;(c) tcsdeful;ajymif;jcif;(c) tcsdeful;ajymif;jcif;

(*) xm0&bk&m;\aeY&uf(*) xm0&bk&m;\aeY&uf(*) xm0&bk&m;\aeY&uf(*) xm0&bk&m;\aeY&uf(*) xm0&bk&m;\aeY&uf

(C) &nfñTef;csufESpfxyf\ed,mr(C) &nfñTef;csufESpfxyf\ed,mr(C) &nfñTef;csufESpfxyf\ed,mr(C) &nfñTef;csufESpfxyf\ed,mr(C) &nfñTef;csufESpfxyf\ed,mr

(i) rdpämya&mzufrsm;(i) rdpämya&mzufrsm;(i) rdpämya&mzufrsm;(i) rdpämya&mzufrsm;(i) rdpämya&mzufrsm;

jyKwwfMuonf/ odkYaomf tajctaeajymif;vJrI (xl;jcm;rI) r&SdcJhyg/

þpmtkyfrsm;onf or®musrf;pmxJu vlodtrsm;qHk;aom &if;ES D;rItrsm;qHk;aom

pdwftydkif;jzpfEldifonf/ odkYaomf c&pf,eftenf;i,fuomvQif ¤if;pmtkyfrsm;\ twdkif;twmESifh

&nf&G,fcsufudktrSefwu,fod&SdMuonf/ þpmtkyfrsm;u c&pfawmf\b0jzpfpOfudk tjynfhtpHk

azmfjyzdkY&ef rBudK;yrf;cJhyg/ tjynfhpHkazmfjyzdkY&efvnf; jzpfEdkifrnfr[kwfyg (a,m[ef 21;25)/ tcef;BuD;

(5) ckrSwGJí usefonfhtcef;rsm;tm;vHk; (tcef; 89 ckxJu 84 cef;) onfol\aemufqHk;aeY&ufrsm;

jzpfonf/ oHk;ESpfwmb0udk azmfjy&eftoHk;jyKxm;onf/ tcef;28 ck (89 cef;xJu 28 cef;) onf

aAoed&GmodkY ol\aemufqHk;a&muf&Sdjcif;ESifh ol\&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;tMum; (10) &ufwmtwGuf

jrKyfESHtoHk;jyKxm;onf/

tcsdKUaomjzpf&yfrsm;onf Gospel pmtkyfwpftkyf? ESpftkyf (odkY) oHk;tkyfpvHk;wGif awGU&onf/

vlaygif; 5000 udkauR;arG;jcif;onf pmtkyf (4) tkyfpvHkk;wGifawGU&onf/

jzpf&yfrsm;onf tNrJwrf;tpOfvdkufqufpyfjcif;r&Sdyg/ tpOfvdkufxm;&SdyHkwdkYrSm-

jzpf&yfrsm;udk umvtvdkufpOfxm;jcif; - jzpfysufaomjzpf&yfrsm;\ tcsdefudkvdkufítpOfvkduf

azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/

jzpfysufonfh (odkY) jzpfysufrnfhtaMumif;t&mudkvdkufí pDpOfazmfjyjcif;-

&SifróJ 8 ; 1-17 xJutHhMozG,fedrdwfvu©Pm (4) ckudkrSwfom;xm;yg/ yxr edrdwfvu©Pm

wGif ocifa,½Iudk,fwdkif&Sdaejcif;onf ol þurÇmavmuwGif&Sdaejcif;udk yHkaz:jcif;jzpfNyD;? £oa&v

vlrsdK;rsm;udk temNidrf;jcif;jzifhjyKpkcJhonf/ 'kwd, edrdwfvu©PmwGif ocifa,½Iudk,fwdkif (cE¨mudk,f

tm;jzifh) ryg0ifyJwpfyg;trsdK;om; (Gentile) vlwpfOD;udktemNidrf;apcJhonf/ *sL;vlrsdK;jzpfonfh ayw½l\

a,mu©rudktemNidrf;apaomtcg oludk,fwdkif (cEmukd,ftm;jzifh) yg0ifonfh/ aemufqHk;wGif olonf

vlxkud ktemNidrf;apcJ honf/ þerdwfvu©Pm (4) ckonf - þavmuüocifa,½I\

trIawmfaqmifvkyfief;? aus;Zl;awmfacwfumvü ol\temNidrf;jcif;vkyfief;? qufvufí ol\'kwd,

tBudrf<ua&mufvmonfhtcsdefü£oa&v EdlifiHjynfvnfxlaxmifí trIawmfaqmifrnfhvkyfief;ESifh

aemufqHk; ESpfwpfaxmiftkyfpdk;jcif;wGif ol\trIawmfaqmifvkyfief;rsm;udk yHkazmfjcif;jzpfygonf/

0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&mrsm;udktpOfvdkufaz:jyjcif; - &SifróJ 9;23-24 aoaomol toufjyef&Sifonf

rsufpduef;aomolrsufpdjyefjrif&onf/ EIwftaomolrsm; yg;pyfzGifhípum;ajym (oufaocH) Muonf/

þt&monfvlwpfOD;u,fwifjcif;&&Sdaomtcg aemufuvkdufvmaom jzpf&yfpOfrsm;r[kwfaybl;vm;/

&Sifa,m[efowif;aumif;pmtkyfwGif jzpfysufaomjzpf&yfrsm;onf ocifa,½I\ a'óem (odkY)

tqdktrdefYrsm;qDodkY OD;wnfoGm;wwfygonf/ Oyrm-&Sifa,m[ef 12 ; 20 -26 wGif a[vo (Greek)vlrsdK;rsm;vma&mufvnfywfjcif;onf pyg;aphudk Oyrmay;í a[majymjcif;odk YOD;wnfoGm;

onfudkawGU&onf/

owif;aumif;pmtkyfwpftkyfpDwdkif;onf ocifa,½IudkuGJjym;aomoGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;jzifh

toD;oD;udk,fpm;jyKEdlif&ef &nf&G,fxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

"r®opfusrf;"r®opfusrf;"r®opfusrf;"r®opfusrf;"r®opfusrf;

1/ owif;aumif;pktkyfrsm;1/ owif;aumif;pktkyfrsm;1/ owif;aumif;pktkyfrsm;1/ owif;aumif;pktkyfrsm;1/ owif;aumif;pktkyfrsm; (The Gospels)

37

owifaumif;owifaumif;owifaumif;owifaumif;owifaumif; a,½Ia,½Ia,½Ia,½Ia,½I oauFwoauFwoauFwoauFwoauFw ta&mifta&mifta&mifta&mifta&mif usrf;yd k'fusrf;yd k'fusrf;yd k'fusrf;yd k'fusrf;yd k'f

(Gospel) udk,fpm;jyKjcif;(uJhodkY)

&SifróJ bk&if jcaoFh c&rf;a&mif w&m;olBuD;

8;26

&Sifrmuk tapcH(uRef) EGm;xD;? eDaomt&mif qmvH

22;26-10

&Sifvkum vlom; vlom; tjzLa&mif Asm'dwf

19;8

&Sifa,m[ef xm0&bk&m; vif;,kefiSuf tjyma&mif? xGufajrmuf&m24;10

eDvma&mif

&mpkESpfrsm;pGmMumvmaomtcg owif;aumif;pmtkyf (4) tkyfüocifa,½Itm; þ½Iaxmifh

(4)ckjzifhazmfjywifEdlifzdkYtvdkYiSg pma&;olvlom;rsm;taejzifh xdkodkY yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjzpfajrmuf

apEdlifavmufaom enf;vrf;r&Sdyg/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfuomvQif ta&;tom;ü xnfhoGif;&rnfh

t&mrsm;udka&G;cs,fay;cJhonf/ Oyrm-&SifrmukESifh&Sifa,m[efwdkYwGif ocifa,½I\aqGpOfrsdK;qufrsm;

xnfhoGif;rxm;ay/ xdkuJhodkY xnfhoGif;jcif;onf tapcH (uRef) (ruk) ESifhtp (Zpfjrpf) r&Sdaom

bk&m;ocif\xm0&om;awmf (a,m[ef) wdkYtwGufrvkdtyfay/ odkYaomfa,½Iudk bk&iftjzpf (róJ)

ESifhvlom;tjzpf (&Sifvkum) a&;om;&mwGif aqGpOfrsdK;qufxnfhoGif;jcif;onf tifrwefrSta&;BuD;

ayonf/

wcgw&H jcm;em;aomowif;aumif;pmtkyfrsm;wGif rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfh wlnDaom jzpf&yf[lí

xifxm;aomt&mrsm;onf trSefwu,fuGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf/ &Sifa,m[ef 2 ; 13-25 wGif

awGU&aomAdrefawmfudk oefY&Sif;apjcif;onf ocifa,½I\ vlxkomoemvkyfief;tpydkif;wGif awGU&NyD;?

¤if;AdrefawmfoefY&Sif;apjcif;jzpf&yfwpfckudk &SifróJ? &SifrmukESif h&Sifvkum pmtkyfrsm;\

aemufqHk;tydkif;wGifawGU&onf/

owif;aumifpmtkyfwGif wlnDaomjzpf&yfrsm;\jzpfpOfrsm;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;onf wpfckESifhwpfck

qefYusifbufjzpfjcif;r[kwfyg/ wcgw&H ¤if;wdkYonf xyfrHjynfhpGufjcif;jzpfayonf/ ocifa,½I\

vuf0g;uyfwdkifxdyfwGif urÁnf;xdk;xm;aompmom;tjynfhtpHkudk&&Sd&ef owif;aumif; pmtkyf (4)

tkyfwGifa&;xdk;xm;aompmom;rsm;udkaygif;pnf;jcif;jzif h ]]þvlonf *sL;vlrsdK;wdk Y\bk&if?

em*&ufNrd K Uom;a,½Ijzpfonf}} [laompmom;ud k&&S dygonf/ xd kuJ hod k YuG J jym;jcm;em;jcif;

taMumif;t&if;onf tNrJwrf;vdk&if;t"dyÜg,fqkdvdkcsuf&Sdygonf/ om"utaejzifh &SifróJ 10;24

wGifa,½Ionf ocifESifhq&mjzpfNyD;? uREfkyfwdkYonfuRefrsm;ESifhwynfhawmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þusrf;ydk'f\

ay:usrf;ydk'fjzpfaom &Sifvkum 6;40 wGifuREkfyfwdkYonfq&mjzpfNyD;? uREfkyfwdkYoifay;zdkY&efBudK;pm;aeonfh

yk*¾dKvfonf wynfhjzpfonf/ wzef&SifróJ 7;22 wGifr,HkMunfolrsm;taejzifh rdrdwdkYonfbk&if (a,½I)

\trIawmfudkaqmif&Gufaomolrsm;jzpfaMumif; xkwfazmfajymMum;onf/ &SifróJ 18;12-13 wGif

azmfjyonfh odk; 99 aumifyHkjyifonf ocifa,½Itaejzifhol\ odk;i,frsm;tay: rnfrQ*½krpdkuf aMumif;udk

tav;ay;azmfjyjcif;jzpfNyD;? &Sifvkum 15;11-17 wGifrl? aemifw&&efrvdktyf[lí rddrdudk,fudk

EGm;uav;

38

xifxm;Muaom z&d&SJwdkYtm; jypfwif½Iwfcsjcif;udk tav;ay;azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf/

Gospel pmtkyfrsm;udkwpftkyfESifhwpftkyf o[ZmwvdkufzufwlnDjzpfatmif BudK;yrf;í

pmtkyftjzpf a&;om;aomolwdkYonf uREfkyfwdkYtwGufawmh ypfrSwf (&nf&G,fcsuf) udkBuD;rm;pGm

vGJacsmfaomolrsm;[lí xif&ygonf/ xyfwlnDjcif;r[kwfyJ uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;onfomvQif vdk&if;

(qdkvdkcsuf) udkaygufapaomt&mjzpfonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf rvdktyfyJajymNyD;om;

t&mudkxyfí rajymawmhyg/

a,½I\vlxkomoemudk u@oHk;ckjzifhcGJjcm;xm;ygonf/

- Judea omoem - wpfESpfcefY (&Sifa,m[ef 1;15 - 4;54)

- Galilee omoem - wpfESpfudk;vcefY (róJ 4 ; 12 -18 ; 35? rmuk 1;14 - 9;50 ?

vkum 3;19 - 9;50? a,m[ef 5;1-10;21)

- perea omoem - 4 v (odkY) 5 v (a,m[ef 10;22 - 11;57)

yxrowif;aumif;pmtkyfoHk;tkyfudk Synoptics (*&dbmomtm;jzifh twlwuG½Ijrifjcif;)

[líac:qdkNyD; a,bk,stm;jzifh ¤if;wdkYonf wlnDaomtajctjrpfudk vTrf;NcHKxm;aomaMumifh xdkodkY

ac:qdk&jcif;jzpfonf/ &Sifa,m,ef\ owif;aumif;udk outoptic [líac:qdkonf/ 90%ausmfaom

oltoHk;jyKonfhtoHk;tEIef;rsmu ol\owif;aumif;udkxl;jcm;aponf/ &Sifa,m[efrSvGJí usefom

owif;aumif;pmtkyfrsm;onf u,fwifjcif;&&SdEdlif&efjyKvkyfay;aom jzpf&yfrsm;udk ordkif;0ifrSwfwrf;

wifxm;onfh pmtkyfrsm;jzpfonfhtm;avQmfpGm u,fwifjcif;vrf;aMumif;trsm;BuD;azmfjyay;rxm;yg/

þowif;aumifpmtkyf (4) tkyfüc&pfawmfudk ,HkMunfaomtm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;odkY a&mufaMumif;

usrf;ydk'frsm;toD;oD; ukd,fpD&SdMuaomfjim;vnf; u,fwifjcif;taMumif;w&m;\ tao;pdwf&Sif;jy

oGefoifjcif;udk od&SdEdlif&efa&mrMo0g' odkYa&muf&dSonftxdapmifhqdkif;zdkY&efvdktyfygonf/

tu,fíoifonf &SifróJ 24 ESifh 25 udkyxrOD;qHk;tBudrfzwf½IonfqdkygpdkY/ ¤if;usrf;ydk'f

rsm;wGifazmfjyxm;aom Zwfvrf;yrmjzpf&yfrsm;tm;jzifhoifonf vIHUaqmifEdl;qGjcif;udk cHpm;&ayrnf/

odkYaomf oifhpdwfxJwGif rodem;rvnfjcif;? awGa0jcif;rsm;vnf;&Sdvmayrnf/ b,folvJ? b,ftcsdefvJ?

þusrf;ydk'fu uREfkyfudkbmajymovJponfjzifh trsdK;rsdK;aomaomar;cGef;aygif;pHkonf oifhpdwfxJwGif

ay:vmayrnf/

¤if;a'oemudkem;vnfoabmaygufEdlif&ef t"duaomhcsuf (4) ck&Sdygonf/

1/ a'oemonf toifhawmfESifh roufqdkifyJ £oa&vESifhoufqdkifygonf/ oHvGifa'oem

wGiftoif;awmftaMumif;wpfBudrfwpfcgrS &nfñTef;jcif;r&Sdyg/ *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;udk &nfñTef;onfhtcsufrSm

oefY&Sif;aomae&m (¤if;onf a,½k&Svif Adrefawmfjzpfonf) (24;15)? ,k'jynf (24;16) ESifh Oyk'faeYü

c&D;a0;roGm;&jcif;/

a&G;cs,faomolwkdY[laom &nfñTef;jcif;pum;vHk;aMumifh awGa0jcif;r&SdygESifh (24;22-24-31)

¤if;onf'ku©qif;&Jjcif;umv (Tribulation) wGifbk&m;ocif\a&G;EIwfaom *sL;rsm;udk qdkvkdygonf/

xdkumvwGif toif;awmf\a&G;EIwfaomolwdkYonf aumif;uifpHtdrfodkY csDaqmifNyD; (raptured)umvjzpfygvdrfhrnf/ xdkenf;wl 25;40 wGifawGU&aom ]]ighnDwdkYwGif}} [laom pum;vHk;onf

39

(u) oHvGifawmifa'óemudkoabmaygufem;vnfjcif;(u) oHvGifawmifa'óemudkoabmaygufem;vnfjcif;(u) oHvGifawmifa'óemudkoabmaygufem;vnfjcif;(u) oHvGifawmifa'óemudkoabmaygufem;vnfjcif;(u) oHvGifawmifa'óemudkoabmaygufem;vnfjcif;

*sL;vlrsdK;nDtpfudkrsm;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/

2/ ¤if;a'oemonf tem*wfwGifjzpfvmrnfh ya&mzufjyKcsufESifhoufqdkifNyD; rMumcif

a&mufvmrnfhjzpf&yf (odkY) ordkif;ESifhroufqdkifyg/

u/ ab;'Pf (odkY) qif;&J'ku©umv (24; 4 - 28)

c/ 'kwd,tBudrf<uvmjcif; (24;30)

*/ EdlifiHwumwdkYudk w&m;pD&ifjcif; (25;31-46)

3/ 24;14 wGifazmfjyaomoHvGifawmifay:a'oem owif;aumif;onf bk&m;ocif\

aus;Zl;awmfw&m;ESifh qdkifaomowif;aumif;r[kwfyJ? EdkifiHawmfESifhqdkifaomowif;aumif;jzpfygonf/

þtcsufu ocifud k,fawmfü,H k Munfaomtm;jzif h u,fwifjcif;od k Ya&mufonf[laom

wpfckwnf;&Sdaomowif;aumif;ESifh qefYusifbufrjyKyg/ odkYaomf owif;aumif;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom

ESpfumvrsmudkvkdufí jcm;em;aomcGJcefYpDrHay;jcif;rsm;ESifhuGJjym;aom tav;ay;jcif; (tomay;jcif;)

r sm ;& S dwwfygonf/ "r ®a[mi f ;acwfwGi fv lw d k Yonf b,ft&mud krqd kb k&m;oci f

ay;aomt&mrsm;udk,HkMunfaomtm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;&&SdcJhMuonf/ ,aeYuREfkyfwdkYonf? 'kwd,tBudrf

jyef<uvmaomtcg uREfkyfwdkUtm;aumif;uifEdlifiHawmfodkY aqmif,loGm;rnf[laom uwdawmfESifh

twlc&pfawmfü,HkMunfaomtm;jzifh u,fwifjcif;udk&&SdMujcif;jzpfygonf/ ab;'Pf (odkY) 'ku©qif;&J

jcif;&&S d Ny D; c&pfawmfa,½I 'kwd,tBudrf jyef <uvmaomtcg olESif htwl Ed li fiHawmfod k Y

0ifa&muf&vdrfhrnf[laom owif;aumif;udk OD;pm;ay; (tav;ay;) Muvmygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;onfvnf;

EdlifiHawmfESifhqdkifaom owif;aumif;jzpfygonf/

¤if;w&m;a[mcsufonf csDaqmifjcif; (rapture) ESifhroufqdkifyJ c&pfawmf\ tkyfcsKyfzdkY&ef

<uvmjcif; (ESpfwpfaxmiftkyfcsKyfjcif;) ESifhoufqkdifygonf/ xdkodkY rjzpfrSDtmumvü pdk;&drfxdwfvefY

p&mrsm;jzpfay:vmNyD;? xdkaemufwGifaMumufrufzG,faumif;aom w&m;pD&ifjcif;rsm; vdkufygvmrnf

jzpfonf/ &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;ESifhywfoufí tav;ay;ajymMum;jcif;r&Sday/ csD;aqmifjcif;rwdkifcif

aumif;uifa0,Hü edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;jzpfysufjcif;r&Sdyg/ &Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;onf csDaqmifjcif;\

ta&;BuD;aom Mueftifvu©Pm (½kyfoGif) wpfckjzpfygonf/

24;40-41 wGifodrf;,ljcif;cH&aomolwdkYonf w&m;pD&ifjcif;odkY,laqmifjcif;cH&NyD;? ae&pfaom

olwdkYonf EdlifiHawmfodkY0ifa&mufaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ þjzpf&yfonf toif;awmfudk csD;aqmifjcif;ü

jzpfysufaomjzpf&yfESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ 25;13 wGif rkdufaomowdkYorD;wdkYonf ppfrSefaom

toufwzefarG;zGm;jcif; (ajymif;vJjcif;) r&SdyJ ab;'Pfumvü rdrdudk,fudk *sL;vlrsdK;? yg;pyftm;jzifh

om,Hkaom [líxkwfazmfajymMum;aom *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfMuNyD;? ynmowd&Sdaom owdkYorD;wdkYonf

'kwd,tBudrf jyef<uvmaomtcg udk,fawmf\jrifhjrwfaom r*FvmyGJawmfodkY0ifa&mufrnfh ,HkMunfol

*sL;vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfonf/

oHvGifawmfay:a[mMum;csuf (odkY) a'oemonf£oa&vESifh ¤if;EdlifiHwdkYESifhoufqdkifonf

[líbmomjyef (teufzGifh) &aomfvnf;? ¤if;u ,aeYuREfkyfwdkYtwGuf oGefoifaomt&mr&Sdyg[lí

rqkdvdkay/ ¤if;uuREfkyfwdkUonf aemufqHk;aom umvüae&onfjzpfaMumif;? uREfkyfwdkYtaejzifh

ynmowdESifhMunfh½Iíapmifhqdkif;&rnfjzpfaMumif;? þodkYjzifhusa&mufvmrnfh ysufqD;jcif;tjypfa'go

xJrSvlwumwdkYudk u,fwifvTwfajrmufapEdlif&ef {0Ha*vd vkyfief;udktm;wufoa&mf vkyfaqmifMu&ef

40

vkdtyfaMumif; ¤if;a[mMum;csufu ajymjyygonf/

aemufqHk;taejzifh? ocifa,½I\ajympum;rsm;udk teDa&mifpmom;rsm;jzifhyHkESdyfxm;aom

or®musrf;pmrsm;onfvnf; ypfrSwfudkvGJacsmfaomolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ olwdkYtaejzifh ocifa,½I\

ajympum;rsm;onfydkíta&;BuD;NyD;? tjcm;usrf;pmrsm;xufydkí rIwfoGif;jcif;&onf[lí oG,f0SufNyD;

&nfñTef;jcif;jzpfyHkay:onf/ odkYaomf 0dnmOfawmf\rIwfoGif;jcif;ü teJESifh trsm;wdkif;wmonfh

'D*&Drsm;r&Sdyg/ or®musrf;pmonf tprStqHk;txdoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfrIwfoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

odkYaomf? tu,fí uREfkyfwdkYocif\ ajympum;rsm;udk zwf½Iavhvmjcif;jyKvkyfaevQif ¤if;teDa&mif

pmom;rsm;u ¤if;ajympum;rsm;udk &SmazG&mwGifrsm;pGmvG,fuloufomaponf/

þpmtkyfudk J.B. Phillips uvIyf&Sm;aeaomi,f&G,f (ysdK&G,f) onfhtoif;awmf[lí

ac:qd kc J honf/ ¤if;onfaumif;r Ge faomacgif;pOf jzpf Ny D ; ] ]uREf ky fwd k Ytaejzif h xd kuJ hod k Y

awG;awmpOf;pm;wwf&iftaumif;om;}} [lí qEjyKrdygonf/ xdkpmtkyfudkoefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\

vIyf&Sm;rI[lívnf; ac:cJhMuonf/ ¤if;acgif;pOfwyfjcif;onfvnf; aumif;rGefaomazmfjycsuf

yifjzpfonf/

¤if;pmtkyfxJ&SdtaMumif;t&monf c&pfawmf\ csDaqmifoGm;jcif;rS&Sifaygvk\ yxrqHk;tBudrf

axmifusjcif;tMum;? at'D 30-36 twGif;? ESpfaygif; 34 ESpfcefYtawmtwGif; taMumif;t&mrsm;udk

NcHKiHkjcif;jzpfygonf/

&Sifayw½kutcef; 1 rS 12 txdaohmcsufusaomu@tydkif;udk ae&m,lxm;NyD;? &Sifaygvku

pifjrif h\tv,fA[dkud k ae&m,lxm;onf/ þpmtkyfonfjynfhpH kaomordkif;taMumif;ud k

xkwfazmfay;jcif;r[kwfyJ ueOD;toif;awmf\0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&mBuD;xGm;jcif;udk ajc&mcH&ef

oD;jcm;pDjzpfaom jzpf&yfrsm;udk oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfu a&G;cs,fí pkpnf;ay;jcif;jzpfonf/

ydkíta&;BuD;onfhtcsdKUaom*@rsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;ydkif;jcm;xm;ygonf/

A.D 30-37 c&pfawmfudkcsDaqmifoGm;jcif;rS oawzef\ rmol&tjzpftaocH&jcif;txd

(tcef; 1-8)

A.D 37-40 a&SmvktoufwmajymifvJjcif;rS yxrOD;qHkk;ol\a,½k&SvifNrdKUodkY vnfywfjcif;

txd (tcef; 9)

A.D 40-42 aumaevd\toufwmajymif;vJjcif;rS &Sifaygvk\tEÅdtkwfNrdKUodkY a&muf&Sdjcif;

txd (tcef; 10-11)

A.D 44 &Sif,mukyfrmol&tjzpftaocHjcif;rS a[½k'frif;aoqHk;jcif;txd (tcef; 12)

A.D 45-47 &Sifaygvk\yxromoemc&D;pOf (tcef; 13-14)

A.D 48 a,½k&SvifaumifpDtygt0if omoemc&D;rsm;tMum;? Mum;umv (tcef; 15)

A.D 50-54 &Sifaygvk\'kwd,omoemc&D;pOf (tcef; 16-18)

A.D 54-58 &Sifaygvk\wwd,omoemc&D;pOf (tcef; 19-21)

(c) teDa&mifpmom;yg0ifaom usrf;pmrsm;(c) teDa&mifpmom;yg0ifaom usrf;pmrsm;(c) teDa&mifpmom;yg0ifaom usrf;pmrsm;(c) teDa&mifpmom;yg0ifaom usrf;pmrsm;(c) teDa&mifpmom;yg0ifaom usrf;pmrsm;

2/ wrefawmf0wåK2/ wrefawmf0wåK2/ wrefawmf0wåK2/ wrefawmf0wåK2/ wrefawmf0wåK

41

A.D 58-60 &SifaygvkuJo&dNrdKUü tusOf;cscH&jcif; (tcef; 22-26)

A.D 60-63 &Sifaygvk\a&mrNrdKUodkYyifv,fc&D;pOfESifh xdkae&mütusOf;cscH&jcif; (tcef;

27-28)

wrefawmf0wåKonfowif;aumif; (gospel) udkyxrOD;pGm *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;xHodkYa[majymNyD;?

aemufwGifwpfyg;trs d K;om; vlrs d K;rsm;xHod k Ya[majymoif haMumif; c&pfawmfrdef Yr Smonfh

trdefY\ordkif;0ifjynfhpHkjcif;udka&;om;azmfjyonfhpmtkyfjzpfygonf/ (wrefawmf0wåK 1;8)/ tpydkif;

tcef;rsm;\vlxky&dowfrsm;onf *sL;vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ odkYaomfbk&mocif\ a&S;OD;vl *sL;

trsm;pkwdkYonfajymif;vJjcif;r&SdyJ oGefoifa[majymcsufrsm;udk jiif;y,fojzifhwpfyg; trsdK;om; (Gen-tiles) rsm;ty:wGif owif;aumif;jyefYESUHa&muf&SdoGm;ygonf/ owif;aumif;onf £oa&v vlrsdK;rsm;ESifh

jywfom;pGmzsufawmufjcif;ud kwrefawmf 28;28 wGifa&;om;xm;ygonf/ þpmtkyfud k

toGiful;ajymif;jcif;[lí vnf;rMumcPac:cJhMuonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf *sL;bmomrSc&pf,ef

bmomodkY¤if;? ynwfawmfacwfrS toif;awmfacwfodkY¤if;? ul;ajymif;jcif;udkþpmtkyfrsm;ü NcHKvTrf;í

azmfjyxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/

wrefawmf0w¬KwGif,HkMunfoltkyfpk (4) pkudkawGU&NyD;? ¤if;wdkY\oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvufcH

&&Sdjcif;ESifhqufpyfí tpOfvkdufjzpf&yfrsm;onf taMumif;udpötoD;oD;aMumifh uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdonfudk

awGU&onf/

1^ wrefawmf0w¬K 2;38 wGif*sL;vlrsdK;wdkYonf aemifw&NyD; a&ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,laomtcg

oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk&&dSMuonf/

2^ wrefawmf0w¬K 8;6-12-17 wdkYwGif &Smrm&dvlwdkYonf ,HkMunfí (tydk'fi,f 6) a&ESpfjcif;

r*FvmcHNyD; (tydk'fi,f 12 - 16)? wrefawmfwdkY\vufudkolwdkY\acgif;ay:odkY wifvdkufaomtcg

oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkvufcH&&dSMuonf/ (tydk'fi,f 7)

3^ wrefawmf0w¬K 10;44-48 wGifwpfyg;trsdK;om; (Gentiles) vlrsdK;wdkYonfc&pfawmfudk

,HkMunfvufcHaomtcg oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk vufcH&&SdNyD;? 0dnmOfawmfvufcH&&SdNyD;onfh

aemufwGif a&ESpfjcif;r*FvmcHcJhMuonf/ tydk'fi,f 43-44 (tydk'fi,f 47-48)

4^ wrefawmf0w¬K 19; 1-6 wGiftcsdKUaomAdwåZHa,m[ef\ aemufvdkufrsm;onf ,HkMunfNyD;

(tydk'fi,f 9) a&ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,lcJhMuonf/ (tydk'fi,f 5)/ xdkYaemuf&Sifaygvku olwdkYtay:odkY

vufwifay;jcif;tm;jzifh oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk &&SdcJhMuonf/ (tydk'fi,f 6)

,aeY (odkY) ,ckacwftwGuf toHk;jyKEdlifaom tpOfvdkufjzpf&yfonf eHygwf (3) (odkY) wwd,

tcsufjzpfaom ,HkMunfjcif;? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfvufcH&&Sdjcif;ESifh a&ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,ljcif;

jzpfygonf/

,aeYacwfwGiftoHk;jyKaom (okdY) tusHK;0ifaom jzpfpOfudktcef; (10) wGifawGU&Sd&aMumif;

xyfrHazmfjyvkdufygonf/ ¤if;jzpfpOfrSm (1) ,HkMunfjcif; (2) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudk vufcH&&Sdjcif;

(u) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkvufcH&&Sdjcif;(u) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkvufcH&&Sdjcif;(u) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkvufcH&&Sdjcif;(u) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkvufcH&&Sdjcif;(u) oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkvufcH&&Sdjcif;

42

(((((c))))) wrefawmf0w¬KESifh ,aeYu,fwifjcif; wrefawmf0w¬KESifh ,aeYu,fwifjcif; wrefawmf0w¬KESifh ,aeYu,fwifjcif; wrefawmf0w¬KESifh ,aeYu,fwifjcif; wrefawmf0w¬KESifh ,aeYu,fwifjcif;

(3) a&ESpfjcif;cHjcif;jzpfygonf/ odkYjzpfvQif ,aeY*sL;vlrsdK;,HkMunfolrsm;twGuf bmjzpfrvJ/ olwdkYtwGuf

jzpfpOfonfvnf; (Gentiles) ESifhtwlwlyifjzpfonf/ £oa&vonf ,m,DacwåcP ab;odkY

z,fxm;jcif;cH&aom EdlifiHjzpfaomfvnf; ,ckwGifrl ]]jcm;em;jcif;tvQifr&Sdawmhyg}}/ (a&mr 3;22 c)/

oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\ bkef;wef;cdk;onfwrefawmfpmtkyf\ t"duoifcef;pmjzpfonf/

ola&G;cs,fonfhtwdkif; vIyf&Sm;wwfNyD; vlZmwdtm;jzifh olYukdrxm;qD;Edlifyg olonf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom

enf;vrf;rsm;oHk;ojzifholYudkrwm;qD;Edlifonfhtm;avQmfpGm awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf olYudkwm;jrpfjcif;

yHkoP²efoGif;&ef BudK;pm;jcif; trSm;rsm;vkyfwwfMuonf/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfudkwifpm;aom

oauFwrsm;rSm av? touf? a&? rD;? wdrf wdkYjzpfNyD; ¤if;wdkYonf t&nfESifha[mudef;rxkwfEldifaom

t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ txufygtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfyifjzpfonf/

,HkMunfolwdkY\wnfae&mtaetxm;ESifh olwdkY\avhusifhvkyfaqmifrIrsm; cGJjcm;a0jzmjcif;onf

ay;ydkYpmrsm; (Epistles) rsm;avhvmjcif;\ t"duusaomtcsufjzpfonf/ tenf;qHk; (&mr? {zuf?

aumvm) þoHk;tkyfrsm;onf ¤if;twdkif;zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ tpydkif;,HkMunfol\taetxm;?

tajctaeudkazmfjyNyD;aemufydkif;onf olwdkY\tusif;w&m;? avhusifhvkyfaqmifrlrsm;azmfjyxm;onf/

]]ocifa,½Iü}} qdkonfhpum;pkonf uREfkyfwdkY\&yfwnfonfhae&mudkazmfjyNyD;? ]]udk,fawmfü}}

qdkonfhpum;pkonfuREfkyfwdkY\tajctaeudkazmfjyxm;onf/

tajccHMuaomt&mESifhta&;rBuD;aomt&müuGJjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdygonf/ a&mr 14;5 ü&Sifaygvk

ajymqdkonfrSm ]]rdrdwdkYrSefuefonf[k pdwfcs,HkkMunfpdwf&SdMu&rnf? qdkvdkonfrSm þt&monfrdrdwdkY\

a&G;cs,frIESifhoufqdkifaomt&mjzpfonf/ þae&mü,HkMunfjcif;ESifh ywfoufíazmfjyxm;jcif;r[kwfyg/

&SifaygvkonfuGJjym;jcm;em;aom ukd,fusifhw&m;ESifhywfoufí ajymqdkjcif;jzpfNyD;? t&rf;ta&;BuD;aom

t&mr[kwfyg/ odu©myk'f ESifhywfoufírdrdxifjrifcsufawGudk usrf;pmüxnfhvdkYr&yg/ odkYaomf

ta&;rBuD;aomae&mütoHk;jyKEdlifonf/ ]]tcsdKUaomolwdkYudk wpfenf;enf;jzifhu,fwifEdlif&ef igonfvl

9;22 trsdK;rsdK;txJü trsdK;rsdK;aexdkif\}} [k&Sifaygvku 1 aumü a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ aysmufqHk;

aomolwdkYudk u,fwifzdkYtvdkYiSg usrf;pmtpOftvmrsm; pGefYvTwf&rnf[kqdkvkdjcif;jzpfygoavm?r[kwfygbl;? EIwfuywf0ufudkcsdK;azmuf&mra&mufaom tcGifhta&;ay;vdkonfhqEomjzpfonf/

wdwk 1;15 ü&Sifaygvka&;om;xm;onfrSm ]]rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifpdwfESvHk;pifMu,foefY&Sif;olwdkYtzdkYrSm

rnfhonfht&mrqkd pifMu,foefY&Sif;\}} tquftpyfrMunfhbJ 'Dtcsufav;bJ,l&if tjympmtkyf?

"gwfyHkESifhnpfywfaomukd,fusifhw&m;rsm;onf oefY&Sif;&ma&mufygonf/ odkYaomf þt&monf

vHk;vH;krSm;ygonf/ þusrf;csufonf tjypfr[kwfaom? oefY&Sif;aomt&mrsm;omvQif &nfñTef;

xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

,HkMunfolawG[mynwf\ xdef;csKyfrIatmufüt&Sdaomfvnf; odu©myk'frsm;vdkufemyg[k

"r®opfusrf;üa&;om;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ odu©myk'frsm;onf jypf'Pfay;vdkaomiSg ay;xm;jcif;r[kwfyg/

odkYaomfaus;Zl;awmfaMumifh u,fwifjcif;&&SdaomoltwGuf ñTefMum;csufomvQifjzpfonf/

(*)oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\bkef;wefcdk;(*)oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\bkef;wefcdk;(*)oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\bkef;wefcdk;(*)oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\bkef;wefcdk;(*)oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmf\bkef;wefcdk;

(3)ay;ydkYaompmrsm;(3)ay;ydkYaompmrsm;(3)ay;ydkYaompmrsm;(3)ay;ydkYaompmrsm;(3)ay;ydkYaompmrsm; ( The Epistles )

43

txufygxGufqdkonfhtwdkif;? emcHjcif;onf 0dnmOfa&;&m\ cEmudk,ftpdwftydkif;jzpfonf/

(a[ma&S 6;3 róJ 13;12) þt&monf odyft&m^tav;teuft&m ra&mufEdlifyg/ þt&monf

vl\todnPf&v'fr[kwfyg? ol\emcHrI&v'fomvQifjzpfonf/wpfcsdKUrSefuefaomt&mrsm;onf

,HkMunfjcif;jzpfomvQif vufcHEdlifonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vl\todOmPfjzifh em;vnf

oabmayguf&efcufaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ Oyrm oHk;yg;wpfql? a&G;EIwfjcif;? vlZmwdtydkif; ESifh

ocifa,½Iü ZmwdESpfrsdK;aygif;jcif;wdkYjzpfonf/

44

rl&if;udkowdxm;NyD;zwf½INyD; vdk&if;\t"dyÜg,fonf b,ft&menf;/ {zuf 2 ; 1-2 xJu ]]oif}}

qdkonfhpum;vHk;u a[voaemufcH,HkMunfolawGudkñTef;ygonf/ tcef;i,f 3 oHk;rSmMuawmh

aygvkESifhtjcm; ,k',HkMunfolrsm;udkñTef;ygonf/ 1 a,m 2 ; 28 \&nf&G,fcsufonfoif (pmzwfol)

c&pfawmfüwnfMuavmh? om;awmfonfxif&Sm;ay:xGef;awmfrIaomtcg? igwdkYonftxHawmfodkY

a&mufvQif? &J&ifhaomtcGifh&Sdí &SufaMumufjcif;ESifh uif;vGwfrnftaMumif; om;awmfüwnf

aeMuavmh/ oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmftjcm;jcm;aomtc:a0:oHk;onfhtcg a,bk,stm;jzifh

trsdK;rsdK;aom t"dyÜg,fudkaqmifapygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifhajymrnfqdkvQif ,HkMunfolrsm;onf uav;rsm;

(okdY) om;[koHk;ygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; þpum;vHk;onft"dyÜg,fjcif;wlonfh a0g[m&awG jzpfygonf/

uav;qdkonfhtcg olwdkUonf bk&m;ocif\rdom;pk[k t"dyÜg,f&onf om;rsm;qdkonfh tcg

olwkdkYonftcGifhtmPmESifh wm0efaqmif&Gufol[kwifjyygonf/ "r®opfusrf;xJu ay;pmrsm;udk

avhvmonhftcg wrefawmfpmtkyfrsm;\ aemufcHordkif;rsm;udk wkd;yGm;apygonf/ Oyrmtaejzifh?

*vmwd 2 ; 1-10 udkavhvmonfhtcg? wrefawmf 15; 1-29 udkzwfyg/ 1 ESifh 2 wdarmao\

ta&;BuD;onfhaemufcHordkif;udk wrefawmf 16;1 wGifawGU&SdEdkifygonf/

(u) a&mrcef; (11) udkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;(u) a&mrcef; (11) udkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;(u) a&mrcef; (11) udkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;(u) a&mrcef; (11) udkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;(u) a&mrcef; (11) udkem;vnfoabmaygufjcif;

þtcef;BuD;uvlawG\ em;vnfoabmaygufrludk tqHk;tjzwfay;ygonf/ xdkaMumifh

þusrf;ydk'fudk txl;tm½Hkpdkuf&ygonf/ t"dutm;jzifh þusrf;ydk'fubk&m;ocif £va&o\tem*wf

twGuf tMuHpnfawmfBuD;jzpfonf/ þae&mü½dk;pif;aom aomhcsufajcmufcsuf&Sdygonf/

1/ tcef;i,f 1 ESifh 2 xJubk&m;ocif\pum;tquftpyfawmif;qdkrludk oifh\OD;aESmuf

tawG;tac:xJü vHk;0xnfhoGif;yg/

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45

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46

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47

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48

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Concordance toHk;jyKjcif; toHk;jyKjcif; toHk;jyKjcif; toHk;jyKjcif; toHk;jyKjcif;

uREfkyfwdkYodMuovdk wpfu,fhusrf;wwfyk*d¾KvfBuD;awGu usrf;pmavhvm&mwGif ajymvsuf&Sdonfh

tjcm;aomxifjrifawG;awmcsufrsm;tjcm;aomxifjrifawG;awmcsufrsm;tjcm;aomxifjrifawG;awmcsufrsm;tjcm;aomxifjrifawG;awmcsufrsm;tjcm;aomxifjrifawG;awmcsufrsm;

EIwfuywfawmfonf c&pfawmfüwnf\EIwfuywfawmfonf c&pfawmfüwnf\EIwfuywfawmfonf c&pfawmfüwnf\EIwfuywfawmfonf c&pfawmfüwnf\EIwfuywfawmfonf c&pfawmfüwnf\

tultnDrsm;tultnDrsm;tultnDrsm;tultnDrsm;tultnDrsm;

50

t&mrSm oif? oif\usrf;pm? oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh concordance jzpfonf/ ,HkMunfolwdkif;

u yxroHk;ckxdvufcHMuvdrfhrnf/ tb,faMumifh concordance ta&;BuD;cdkif;&oenf;¿/ uREfkyf

wdkYodMum;ygonf/ concordance onftu©&mtpOfvdkufa&;om;onfh t&mjzpfonf/ t*FvdyfAm;pif

usrf;pmtkyfjzpfonf kjv, nkjv, nasb, niv ESifhtjcm;usrf;pmrsm;wGifawGU&ygonf/

trsm;pku concordance onfusrf;ydk'frsm;&SmazG&efvG,fulonfhpmtkyf[k odMuonf/

toHk;jyKzdkYvG,fulayr,fhwnf&Sdrl tBudK;r&Sdygbl;? sanday school aeYüoifcJhonfh ]]bk&m;ocifwpfyg;

wnf;om&Sd\}} bk&m;ESifhvlMum;jzefajzolwpfyg;wnf;&Sd\/ usrf;ydk'ftodonfhtcg concordanceudktoHk;jyKwwfMuonf/

t"dyÜg,fudkawmh concordance ürawGUEdkifaomfvnf; usrf;csufudkawmh awGUEdkifygonf/

jzefajzol[k oG,f0dkufajymonfhusrf;ydk'fawGudk concordance pmtkyfwGifrawGUEdkifyg/ þuJhodkYoG,f0dkuf

pum;vHk;jzefajzolonf "r®mopfusrf;xJwGif ckESpfBudrfawGUEdkifygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 1 wd2 ; 5

udkzwfMunfhyg/ *&d Dictionary of The New Testament concordance pmtkyf\ taemufydkif;wGif

3316 eHygwfudkawGU&ygvdrfhrnf/ yHkpHuawmh þ concordance udk;um;xm;onfh eHygwf 3316

udktoHk;jyKrnfhqk yxrqHk;*&dpum;\ jzefajzol\t"dyÜg,fudkavhvm&rnfjzpfonf/

Concordance uusrf;pmtxm;todktwGif;&Sdxif&Sm;aompum;vHk;rsm;\ toHk;jyKjcif;

tm;vHk;udk pm&if;jyKpka&;om;xm;onfhtcsufvnf; tvGeftaxmuftuljyKygonf/ ¤if;u

usrf;pmxJü&Sdaom pum;vHk;onfrnfrQta&;BuD;aMumif;udkjyoaeygonf/ Oyrm-&Sdcdk;jcif; &Sdcdk;cJhonf/

&Sdcdk;ol (rsm;) ESifh&Sdcdk;onf[laompum;vHk;wdkYonf tBudrfaygif; 200 eD;yg;awGU&ygonf/ bk&m;&Sdcdk;jcif;onf

or®musrf;pmudkrIwfoGif;aomoltwGuf ta&;BuD;aomt&mjzpfaMumif;xif&Sm; ygonf/

usrf;pm;t&pum;vHk;t"dyÜg,fzGifhjcif;ü tjcm;oJvGefpwpfckrSm ]]yxrukd;um;csufed,mr}}

[kac:avh&Sdaomt&mjzpfygonf/ pum;vHk;udkyxrOD;qHk;tjzpf rnfonfhae&mütoHk;jyKonfudk

Budrfzefrsm;pGmjrifawGUjcif;tm;jzifh w&m;xdkifjcif;tpjyK&mwGif toHk;0ifjcif;&Sdygonf/

Oyrm-bk&m;&Sdcdk;jcif;onf yxrqHk;urÇmOD;usrf; 22;5 üawGU&ygonf/ ]]igonfom;ESifh

twlxdkt&yfodkYoGm;í udk;uG,fjcif;udkjyKtHh}} Munfhyg-tmNAJ[HESifh£Zmwfonf crnf;awmfu

olYom;awmfudk,ZfylaZmfzdkY&ef pdwfygvdkvm;aomcrnf;awmf\ cspfjcif;arwåmudkazmfjyaeygonf/

¤if;onfc&pf,mefudk;uG,fjcif;\ t"duaomt&mjzpfonfh - c&pfawmf\vuf0g;um;wdkif txl;ojzifh

yGJawmfr*Fvmütxdrf;trSwftjzpf usif;yaeouJhodkY tmNAJ[HESifh£Zmwfonf crnf;awmfbk&m;ESifh

om;awmfa,½Ic&pfudk o½kyfazmfaomolrsm;jzpfygonf/

pum;vHk;avhvmjcif;pum;vHk;avhvmjcif;pum;vHk;avhvmjcif;pum;vHk;avhvmjcif;pum;vHk;avhvmjcif;

tydk'fi,f? tvuFmrsm;&SmazGjcif;tydk'fi,f? tvuFmrsm;&SmazGjcif;tydk'fi,f? tvuFmrsm;&SmazGjcif;tydk'fi,f? tvuFmrsm;&SmazGjcif;tydk'fi,f? tvuFmrsm;&SmazGjcif;

rl&if;pum;vHk;rsm;rl&if;pum;vHk;rsm;rl&if;pum;vHk;rsm;rl&if;pum;vHk;rsm;rl&if;pum;vHk;rsm;

tcsdKUaomolwdkYut*Fvdyfusrf;pm (txl;ojzifh KJV )onfvufawGUusaom rl&if;pmom;

jzpfNyD;? vGefcJhaom&mpkaygif;rsm;pGmü bk&m;ocifuol\EIwfuywfawmfjzpfonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;udk

a[NAJpum;jzifh (tm&rdwfpum;jzifhtenf;i,f) ¤if;"r®opfusrf;udk*&dbmomjzifh ¤if;a&;om;

rIwfoGif;xm;NyD; ,HkMunfolrsm;udkydkí aumif;rGefpGmodjrifaponf[k ,lqMuyHkay:ygonf/

"r®a[mif;usrf;udkrwlnDaom bmompum;rsm;jzifha&;om;xm;onfhenf;wl? pum;vHk;aemufü

wnf&S daomteuft"dyÜg,frsm;onf "r®usrf;pmESpfckpvHk;wGifuG J jym;jcm;em;Muygvdrf hrnf/

*&dbmompum;em;rvnfaomolrsm;twGuf "r®a[mif;usrf;ESifh "r®opfusrf;rsm;wGif&Sdonfh

pum;rsm;\t"dyÜg,fudkzGifhqdkxm;onfh Vine's Complete Expository tbd"mefonftaxmuf

tuljzpfNyD; ñTefMum;csufay;aomt&mjzpfygonf/ Oyrm-¤if;onfMum;0ifzsef;ajzolpum;vHkk;

a&;xHk;jzpfygonf/

The Englishman's Greek Concordance1800 tapmydkif;üjynfolrsm;twGuf av;eufaomusrf;pmavhvmjcif;Edk;Mum;rI\ ab;twGuf

wpfckonf George V. Wigram u 1844 vkyfaqmifcsufudkaxmufyHhNyD;ñTefMum;cJhygonf/

usrf;pmcspfolrsm;0rf;ajrmufEdkifonfhtcsufrSm George V. rdcifu uav; 19 a,mufarG;zGm;NyD;aemuf

olrcifyGef;udk ]]tcspfav;? ,ckwGifuREfkyfwdkYrdom;pkonf vHkavmufpGmBuD;rm;aeNyD;}} [krajymcJhaom

tcsufjzpfygonf/

tb,faMumifhenf;/ taMumif;rlum; V onf ]]ESpfq,fajrmuf}}[kt"dyÜg,f&onfh

vwifbmompum; Vicesimus ae&mü&yfwnfaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ a&mruav;rsm;udk

a&wGuf&mwGif? Primus, Secundas, Tertius, Sextus ponfhwdkYonfa&S;a[mif; a&mr"avh

xHk;pHjzpfaomfvnf; Vicemus utb,fenf;? ¤if;onfrsm;vSNyD[k t"dyÜg,f&ygonf/

atmufygerlemonf bkef;BuD;jcif;[kyHkrSeftm;jzifh bmomjyefqdkcJhaomfvnf; pum;vHk;wpfvHk;

ukxHk;udk azmfjyaomt&mjzpfonf/ Doxa onf Strong Concordance pmtkyfüeHygwf 1391

ajrmufjzpfygonf/

'kwd,tBudrfxkwfa0jcif; (1844 tygt0if)\ ydkif&Sift,f'Dwmonf ]]Elizth Wilson}}(twdkaumufemrnfrsm;)[k rsufESmzHk;wGifwyfxm;ygonf/ þt&monf rpfpwm Wigramu½kef;uefBudK;yrf;aeonfht&mudk vSypGmo½kyfjyygonf/ Oxford, Cambridge ESifh Trinity, DublinüoDtdkvdk*sDausmif;om;rsm; (odkY) c&pf,mefbkef;awmfBuD;rsm;twGufom r[kwfbJ? ,HkMunfolwdkif; -

trsdK;om;? trdsK;orD;ESifh EIwfuywfawmfoifMum;aeaom uav;ausmif;om;rsm;twGufvnf;

jzpfygonf/ þtvkyf-ESpfaygif; 150 aemufydkif;wGif qufvufyHkEdSyfxkwfa0NyD;? *&dbmompum;rsm;

(*&dpum;vHk;rsm;ESifh t*Fvdyfpum;jzifhbmomjyefxm;aompum;vHk;rsm;) udktu©&mtpOfvdkuf

51

xm;aomfvnf;? tcsdKUusrf;ydk'frsm;udkt*Fvdyfpum;jzifh a&;xm;NyD;bmomjyefqdkxm;aompum;vHk;

odkYr[kwf pum;vHk;rsm;udkpmvHk;tapmif;jzifh a&;xm;ygonf/ rnfonfhae&müpum;vHk;&SdaMumif;udk

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pum;vHk;jzpfonfhudk;uG,fjcif;udkMunfhvQif? þpum;vHk;udkrwlnDaom *&dpum;ig;vHk;jzif h

bmomjyefxm;NyD; a&;om;xm;onfhpmrsufESmudkvnf; pm&if;jyKpkxm;ygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf tu©&mpOf

tñTef;ü*&dtu©&mjzifh a&;xm;NyD; jyKpka&;om;xm;onfh pmrsufESmwGif *&dbmomjyefxm;ygonf/ Oyrm

Latreur onfpmrsufESm 449 wGif&Sdonf/ ¤if;udk 21 BudrfawGU&NyD; ]]udk;uG,fjcif;}} [lomvQif

bmomrjyefbJ ]]tapcHjcif;}} ESifh ]]0efaqmifrIjyKvkyfay;jcif;}} [komvQif bmomrjyefbJ ]]tapcHjcif;}}

ESifh ]]0efaqmifrIjyKvkyfay;jcif;}} [kvnf; bmomjyefxm;ygonf/ ¤if;u0wfjyKukd;uG,fjcif;onf

bk&m;&Sdckd;jcif;ü tvGwf&Gwfjyjcif;xufydkí av;eufaMumif; wdkufwGef;xm;ygonf/

uREfkyfwdkYonf Bud,mtpü Latr- pum;udkvnf;owdjyKrdygvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;udk t*Fvdyfu

pum;vHk;tqHk;ü Mariolatry? ]]the adoration of Mary}} ponfjzifh -Latry yHkpHtoHk;jyKygonf/

0wfjyKudkk;uG,fjcif;uJhodkY (KJV) ü bmomjyefqdkxm;onfhpum;vHk;rsm;pGmwdkU\ydkíav;eufaom

t"dyÜg,fudkjrifawGUEdkifzdkY&ef Vine's Expository tbd"mefonf taumif;qHk;taxmuftulESifh

ñTefMum;csufay;aomt&mjzpfonf/

Wigram yHkESdyfpmtkyfonf Greek Textus Receptus ESifh Authorized James VersionudktajccHxm;aMumif;owdjyKoifhygonf/ yHkESdyfpmtkyfxJwGif a&S;a[mif;*&dpmtkyfESifh acwfopfyHkESdyf

xkwfa0jcif;Mum;rS uGJjym;rIrsm;onf tedrfhqHk; 2% ESifhtjrifhqHk; 8% jzpfEdkifaMumif;cefYrSef;xm;ygonf/

usrf;pmtbd"mefusrf;pmtbd"mefusrf;pmtbd"mefusrf;pmtbd"mefusrf;pmtbd"mef

Jerusalem, Syria, Edom, Antioch odkYr[kwf Rome tp&Sdaomusrf;pmtwGif;&Sd ae&mrsm;udk

avhvmvd kygu xd kae&mud kazm f jyxm;aom usr f ;y d k' ftm;vH k ;ud k Munf h Ny D ; xd kae&mESi f h

ywfoufonfht&mrsm;pGmwdkUudk oif,lEd lifygonf/ ¤if;onf (opfyif? w&dpämef? pd kufcif;?

ud&d,mwefqmyvm ponfwdkY) ESifhvlom;rsm;tejzifh vlrsdK;pk? EdkifiHom;? odkYr[kwfwpfOD;csif;emrnf

ay;xm;onfht&müvnf; rSefuefaeygonf/

odk Yaomf? oif\usrf;pmqdkif&m qufpyfem;vnfoabmaygufjcif; <u,f0apzd k Y&ef

aemufcHtoday;jcif;udkydkí odcsifygvdrfhrnf/ oifonf a&SU;a[mif;ydkif;yHkESdyfpuf odkYr[kwf edeum?

odkYr[kwfa&SmvrkefAdrmeftaMumif;wdkYudk odcsifpdwf&Sdygvdrfhrnf/

t*Fvdyftbd"mefa[mif;uJhodkYaom ydkía[mif;aomusrf;pmtbd"mefwGif azmfjy&efxuf

pdwful;yHkazmf&efydkívG,fulonfhtjzLESifhtrJjzifh yHkazmfa&;qGJxm;aomt&mrsm;&Sdonf/ (Oyrm)

a&S;acwf*&dt0wftpm;? ydk;pmyif? awmacG;/)

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uJhodkYaom aysmfqHk;ysufpD;oGm;onfht&mrsm;udk a&mifpHkESifh odkYr[kwf tjzLESifhtrJa&mifjzifhyHkjyjc,fvS,f

jcif;rsm;&Sdygonf/

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52

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jyefqdkjcif;rsm;jzefYjzL;aeygonf/ þuJhodkYa,bk,sajymif;vJrIudk em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;onf

]]ynm&Sdpum;}} jzpfygonf/

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usrf;pmtbd"meftm;vHk;\ tbdk;onf International Standard usrf;pmtbd"mefrsm;

jzpfygonf/ taxmuftulrnfrQjyKaMumif;udk jyoonfh oabmjzif h? oabFmozefyifrsm;

toD;roD;onfhtcsdefwGif ocifa,½Iu oabFmozefyifudk usdefqJonfhtaMumif;&Sif;jycsuf&Sdygonf/

(rmóJ 21;18-20? rmuk 11;12? 13? 20? 21)/

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19 &mpkwGiftar&duefjynfaxmifpkü vkyfaqmifcJhaombmoma&;wpfrsdK;jzpfonfh Mormonuor®musrf;pmESifhnDrQaom tmPm&Sdonf[k xkwfa0cJhonfhpmtkyf&Sdonf/ ¤if;onfaoG;xGuf

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jynfhpHkaeygonf/ þjzpf&yfrsm;xJu wpfckr[kwf? vlom;rsm;? vlrsdK;pkrsm; odkYr[kwf ae&mrsm; (KingJames usrf;pmrSaumuf,lxm;onfht&mr[kwfaom) wGifavmuDordkif;? yx0D0iftaetxm;

odkYr[kwf "avhxHk;pHudkvnf; ordkif;qdkif&mtwnfjyKjcif;&Sdygonf/

bk&m;ocif\EIwfuywfawmftwkdi f;r[kwfyg/ usrf;pm\jrif h jrwfaompmrsufESm

tjcm;wpfbufrS od&S dcJ h&aom&maygif;rsm;pGmaom NrdKUawmfrsm;? jrpfrsm;? awmifwef;rsm;?

avmuDacgif;aqmifrsm;wdkYonfvnf; bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfü xGufay:Muygonf/

uG,fvGefoGm;cJhaoma'gufwm H.Chester Woodring uoefY&Sif;jrifhjrwfaomae&mudkoGm;NyD;

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(Oyrm? ocifa,½ItrIawmfaqmifjcif;? &Sifaygvkomoemc&D;pOf)/

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tu,fíusrf;pmoifay;cJhvQif pmyGJay:ücif;xm;onfhBuD;rm;aom ajryHkonfoif\EIwfjzifh

azmfjyxm;jcif;udk trSefwu,fpdwf0ifpm;apEdkifygonf/

usrf;pmteufzGif hpmtkyf usrf;pmteufzGif hpmtkyf usrf;pmteufzGif hpmtkyf usrf;pmteufzGif hpmtkyf usrf;pmteufzGif hpmtkyf (Bible Commentaries)ausmfMum;aomrnfonfhpmtkyfürqdk? þt&mudkrSwfcsufay;Muygonf/ Oyrm John Calvin

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53

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aumif;rGefausmfMum;aeqJjzpfonhf Harry A.Ironside \usrf;pm&Sif;vif;csufrsm;onf Moodytoif;awmfu "r®opfusrf;tm;vHk;ESifh"r®a[mif;usrf;tcsdKUudktydk'fi,fcsif; a[majymcsufonf

jyefvnfjyifqifcJhaom rl&if;ESifhtenf;i,fuGJvGJcJhonfht&mrQomjzpfygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh J.N.Darby\0dnmOfESif h jynfh0aomxdk;oGif;odjrifjcif; tvkyfrsm;onfpmtkyfjzifha&;om;xm;jcif;r&SdbJ?

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Edkifygonf/

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tvdkufjzpfNyD; tjcm;wpfckrSm taMumif;t&mtvdkufxm;&Sdjcif;jzpfonf/ yxrwpfckü oifonf

taxmuftuljzpfonfh usrf;ydk'f&Sif;jycsufESifhusrf;pmtkyfo½kyfjycsufrsm;udk pkpnf;xm;ygvdrfhrnf/

tjcm;wpfckwGifa&;om;xm;onfhtaMumif;t&mESifh ywfoufNyD; wpfaeYaeYü toHk;vdkrnfhowif;rsm;

yg0ifygvdrfhrnf/

trsm;pku omrefzdkifwGJudkydkíESpfoufMuonf/ tcsdKUonfpmtdwftBuD;pm;rsdK;udkoHk;Muonf/

(¤if;onfESpf&SnfMumrcHyg)

oifzwfoGm;cJhaompmtkyfxJrSvdkcsifaomudk;um;ajymqdkcsufudk rdwåLul;NyD;xdkpm&Guf

pmwrf;rsm;udkpma&;oltrnf? pmtkyftrnf? yHkESdyfxkwfa0onfh NrdKUESifhae&m? yHkESdyfxkwfa0onfh &ufpGJESifh

pmrsufESmwyfqifxm;Muyg/

Oyrm

Ironside, Harry A.Expastory Message on Epistle to the Galatians. Loizeauk Brothers,1941,P.3.

pm&Gufpmwrf;udk ]]n§ufjcif;}}[k wHqdyfwyfqifxm;aomzdkifBuD;twGif; pkaqmif;NyD; wpfESpfwGif

60

jyKpkodrf;qnf;xm;jcif;

ESpfBudrfcefYpepfwuspkpnf;yg/

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&efr[kwfbJ o½kyfazmfjcif;oufoufomjzpfonf/ tcsdKUaomolursm;pGmtoHk;rvdkonfh taMumif;

t&mü ca&yGifhoauFw(*)udk wyfqifxm;ygonf/ vlwdkif;onf udk,fvdkcsifaom taMumif;t&mudk

a&G;cs,fcsifMuygvdrfhrnf-

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Ä Arminian t,l0g'

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bk&m;rJh0g'

bk&m;ocif\t&nftaoG;

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txkyÜwådrsm;

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Ä u,fAift,l0g'

ao'Pfay;jcif;

uav;oli,frsm;

c&pfawmf

c&pf,mefbmomESifhywfoufaomynm

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c&pf,meftoufwm

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Ä toif;awmfordkif;

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zefqif;jcif; Vs wdk;wufajymif;vJjcif;

vuf0g;um;wdkif

61

,HkrSm;udk;uG,fjcif;

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Ä bmoma&;tkyfpkrsm;

raumif;qdk;0g;jyKpm;jcif;

a0iSay;urf;jcif; acwfumv

uGm&Sif;jcif;ESifhjyefvnftdrfaxmifjyKjcif;

Ewmanical Movementtoif;vlBuD;

xm0&tjynfhay;jcif;

xm0&wnfNrJjcif;

udk,fusifhodu©mOya'rsm;

,HkMunfjcif;

rSm;,Gif;oifMum;jcif;

tpma&Smifjcif;

aiGa&;aMu;a&;

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tokb(romcsjcif;)

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ay;urf;jcif;

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bk&m;ociftkyfpdk;aomu,fwifjcif;

62

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vlom;

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edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;

ta&ma&mtaESmaESm

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Ä Neo-OrthodoxyPentecostal / Charismatics'óeduaA' (Phylosophy)uAsm

EdkifiHa&;^qE´rJay;jcif;

qkawmif;jcif;

w&m;a[mjcif;

ya&mzufjyKjcif;

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ar;cGef;rsm;

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csDaqmifjcif;

Ä jyefvnfjyKjyifjcif;

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vu©PmESifhtHhMozG,f&mrsm;

tjypf

63

0dnmOfqdkif&mtoufwm

Ä tcsdefudkxdef;odrf;xm;jcif;

a0'emcHpm;jcif;

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wJawmf

oifMum;ay;jcif;

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aus;Zl;awmfcsD;rGrf;jcif;

tjcm;aombmompum;ajymjcif;

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oHk;yg;wpfql

yHkESdyfpuf½dkufynm

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vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;r*Fvm

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bk&m;ocif\ tHhMozG,fvu©Pmrsm;

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0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;

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usrf;pmtkyfütrSwftom;jyKvkyfjcif;

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64

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aomusrf;pmudk tjcm;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;twGuftoHk;jyKEdkifonf/

a&mifpHkjzifhtrSwftom;jyKvkyfjcif;

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tpdrf;a&mif? ponfjzifh a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ jzpfEdkifpGrf;utqHk;rJhjzpf\/

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em;vnfzdkY&efESpfESifhcsnfNyD;Mumygvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomfvnf; zwf½jIcif;? avhvmjcif;? Mum;emjcif;?

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aombk&m;ocif\ ESvHk;om;rS qufvufvkyfaqmifxm;aomt&mjzpfygonf/

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taemufzHk;twGif;&Sd pm&Gufay:ü pkpnf;a&;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/(pm&GuftjzL jzpfcJhvQif)/

Author"s usrf;pmtkyf\tzHk;twGif;ydkif;rS Oyrmtenf;i,f-

65

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66

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