Enhancing coherence between trade policy and nutrition action Corinna Hawkes Professor of Food Policy Director, Centre for Food Policy Co-Chair, Global Nutrition Report [email protected]Trade and Nutrition: Opportunities and Risks, UNSCN/CFS Event, FAO, June 10 2016
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Enhancing coherence between trade policy and nutrition action
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Enhancing coherence between trade policy and
nutrition actionCorinna HawkesProfessor of Food Policy
Director, Centre for Food PolicyCo-Chair, Global Nutrition Report
promoting environments• People are less poor• Women are empowered• People have access to
quality health& nutrition services
• People know about positive nutrition behaviours
Trade policy objectives
Pathways of influence
Economic growth
Higher incomes
Improved & more stable supply of products &
services
Lower prices of consumer goods
Greater employment opportunities
Trade policies
For example, lower tariffs, harmonization of standards, protecting intellectual property rights, reducing barriers to the trade in services, development of infrastructure and capacity for trade
Environments around people
are healthy
People are less poor
Women are empowered
People are educated about
nutrition
People have access to health
and nutrition services
Nutrition action
For example, develop capacity to deliver nutrition action, social protection, procure foods to public institutions, restrict inappropriate promotional marketing, involve women in agricultural
interventions for nutrition, supplementation programmes, public awareness campaigns
Nutrition objectives
Imports/exports Foreign investment Government revenuesProvision of services
stability of food and products used in nutrition services to prevent, treat &
manade malnutrition
EMPLOYMENTE.G. amount and type of jobs;
wages; spill-over effects
NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREE.G. transport; health;
education; research; social protection; standards & sanitary
control systems
Pathways of influence
Trade policies
Nutrition objectives
Lower tariffs
Examples
Environments around people
contain adequate food throughout the
year
More stable supply of foods at lower prices
during periods of lower national production
✔
Imported grain displace more nutritious
regionally or nationally produced grain
Environments around people
contain less nutritious
staples
✗
FAO, State of Agricultural Commodity Markets, 2015/16
Trade affects each of the four dimensions of food security…The interaction
of trade with these dimensions is complex and
depends on a variety of underlying factors,
producing great differences in country experiences and
making it difficult to ascertain a generalizable
relationship
The influence of trade policy on nutrition is not generalizable but context specific, differing between
foods, forms of malnutrition and
population groups, and influenced by
accompanying trade reforms and existing
policies and institutions
Role of complementary policies
Examples of potential complementary policy to enhance opportunity
• Programmes to enhance economic access to fruits & vegetables for low income groups
• Investment in infrastructure for local markets for fruits & vegetables e.g. through WTO Aid for Trade initiative facility or Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) aid for trade partnership
• Policies which encourage household/ community horticulture
• Investment in agrobiodiversity in areas where markets poorly developed
Examples of potential complementary policies to mitigate risks
• Restrictions on advertising, publicity, marketing to children
• Clear nutrition labelling for full information
• Taxes on sugary drinks
• Public awareness campaigns
• Nutrition counselling for pregnant women & education programmes
How to promote coherence?
1. Reframe the question• From:• Is trade bad or good for nutrition?
• To• What are the nutrition challenges in my region/country and how can trade policy help attain nutrition objectives?
2. Analyse coherence
• Is trade policy supportive of nutrition objectives?
3. Identify & implement complementary policies
• What are the complementary policies that can enhance opportunities of trade policy for nutrition and mitigate risks?
4. Strengthen institutional capacity and & governance mechanisms
• What capacity do we need to enable coherence & what governance mechanisms can we use or build to implement it?
But first, countries must name nutrition as a development priority
Thank you!
Corinna HawkesProfessor of Food Policy, Director, Centre for Food Policy