Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner Coal Hengwei LIU, PhD Energy, Climate, and Innovation (ECI) Program The Fletcher School, Tufts University Presentation to the China Environment Forum @ Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., 12 January 2011
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Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner Coal
Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner Coal. Hengwei LIU, PhD Energy, Climate, and Innovation (ECI) Program The Fletcher School, Tufts University. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Enhancing China’s Sustainable Growth and Prosperity: a Pathway to Cleaner CoalHengwei LIU, PhDEnergy, Climate, and Innovation (ECI) ProgramThe Fletcher School, Tufts University
Presentation to the China Environment Forum @ Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., 12 January 2011
Agenda
• Explore major CCS opportunities
• Identify key technologies enabling CCS development
• Propose a US-China partnership on CCS
HengweiLiu, Kelly Sims Gallagher. Catalyzing strategic transformation to a low-carbon economy: A CCS roadmap for China. Energy Policy38(2010)59–74.
CO2 emissions by sector in China
Total: 5100 Mt
49%
7% 9% 7%
6%
4%
10%
8%
Industry28%
2005
Total: 11448 Mt (Reference Scenario)
54%
21%
11%
6%8%
2030Power generation Transport Residential and servicesOther* Iron and steel Non-metallic mineralsChemicals and petrochemicals Other**
Data source: WEO2007
Power generation and industry account for more than 70% of China’s total energy-related CO2 emissions
Power
Power
Industry
Iron & steel
(Cement)(Ammonia &Methanol)
Prime candidates for CCS in China
Ammonia & Methanol
Iron and steel
Cement
Power Today: more than 80% coal electricity
Data source: NBS
CCS and its enabling technologies: a twin-pronged approach to promote the CCS
deployment
Manufacturing process & energy conversion process CCS+
CCS enabling technologies
Summary of CCS enabling technologies
Polygeneration based on Smelting Reduction
Polygeneration based on Direct Reduction
Polygeneration based on Oxygen Blast furnace
Polygeneration (IGCC)
Power
Iron&Steel Coal gasification
SC/USC
Oxy-fuel combustion in cement kiln Cement
Coal gasificationAmmonia &Methanol
Polygeneration based on Smelting Reduction
Polygeneration based on Smelting Reduction
Polygeneration based on Direct Reduction
Polygeneration based on Direct Reduction
Polygeneration based on Oxygen Blast furnace
Polygeneration based on Oxygen Blast furnace
Polygeneration (IGCC)Polygeneration (IGCC)
Power
Iron&Steel Coal gasificationCoal gasification
SC/USCSC/USC
Oxy-fuel combustion in cement kiln Cement Oxy-fuel combustion in cement kiln
• Ammonia industry is the largest consumer of gasification technology in China. Coal-based synthetic ammonia accounts for about 75% of total output– Consume 50 Mt coal per year
• coal-based methanol accounted for about 80% of total output.– consume about 12 Mt coal
Pathway to a low-carbon future
•Coal gasification
• Polygeneration(power-chemicals &
power-steel)
•Polygeneration(power-chemicals-steel)
Integration & Optimization
CCS
Today~2020 2020~2030 2030~
•Coal gasification
• Polygeneration(power-chemicals &
power-steel)
•Polygeneration(power-chemicals-steel)
Integration & Optimization
CCS
Today~2020 2020~2030 2030~
Cleaner coal & water
Water consumption (Kg/MWh)Subcritical: 300MW; USC: 1000MW; IGCC: Gasifier: ShellEstimated by Hengwei Liu
01234567
Subcr i t i cal USC I GCC
Wi thout captureWi th capture
How to use coal in a carbon-constrained future?
+CCS
+CCS
GasifierCoalSyngas
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
GasifierGasifierCoalCoalCoalSyngas
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
Advanced combustion
USC/SC + CCS
+CCS
+CCS
Gasification
+CCS
+CCS
GasifierCoalSyngas
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
GasifierGasifierCoalCoalCoalSyngas
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
Advanced combustion
USC/SC + CCS
+CCS
+CCS
GasificationGasifierCoalSyngas
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
GasifierGasifierCoalCoalCoalSyngas
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to liquids(Gasoline, diesel)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to chemicals(Methanol, ammonia, etc.)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas to power(IGCC/polygeneration)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
Syngas for iron-making(Direct reduction)
Advanced combustion
USC/SC + CCS
+CCS
+CCS
Gasification
Energy & water efficient approaches to a cleaner coal: advanced combustion &
gasification
Who owns our low-carbon future?
Source: Bernice Lee, Ilian Iliev and Felix Preston. Chatham House Report 2009
Geographical location of the parent companies of patent owners
International cooperation is critical for CCS diffusion
Accelerating technology diffusion and drive down the cost of CCS through a U.S.-China
partnership• US has a more advanced S&T innovative system and has a well
established regime for bringing technologies to market.
• China has vibrant market, and the ability to commercialize new technologies more quickly and cheaply.
Total : 3303.7 Mtoe
Chi na43%
USA17%
I ndi a7%
Other33%
Coal Consumption by Country (2008)
Chi na22%
ROW59%
USA19%
CO2 emission: China+USA=41%
Total : 3303.7 Mtoe
Chi na43%
USA17%
I ndi a7%
Other33%
Coal Consumption by Country (2008)
Chi na22%
ROW59%
USA19%
CO2 emission: China+USA=41%
Data source: IEA&NBS
Conclusions
• A twin-pronged strategy for CCS and its enabling technologies should be developed.
• Coal gasification & advanced combustion are energy & water efficient ways to a cleaner coal, and they should be given top priority to enable CCS development in China.
• A U.S.-China partnership has the potential to accelerate technology diffusion and drive down the cost of CCS.