Enhancing Cargo Container Security during Transportation: A Mesh Networking Based Approach Su Jin Kim, Guofeng Deng, Sandeep K.S. Gupta Impact Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA http://impact.asu.edu/ Email: {su.kim,guofeng.deng,sandeep.gupta}@asu.edu Mary Murphy-Hoye Intel Corp. Chandler, AZ 85226, USA Email: [email protected]Abstract—Cargo containers which transport 90 percent of the world’s trade transit the countries of the world daily. Despite the vulnerability of cargo containers, only about 5 percent of the over 10 million cargo containers entering the U.S. each year can be inspected now. Our primary goal is to develop the smart container security system using RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks in order to enhance the cargo container security. In addition, the end-to-end visibility via this networked tracking and sensing capability can bring additional commercial benefits to supply chain and chain of custody. In this paper, we first propose a dynamic mesh container network among neighboring containers. Since a group of containers moves together, we can take advantages of interaction between them via this mesh container network instead of focusing an individual container. Second, we introduce the concept of Mobile Edge Computing Devices (MECD) which is the interface between distributed sensors and the end server in order to reduce processing and bandwidth requirements to the end servers. MECDs can give scalability, flexibility, reliability, and cost-efficiency to our cargo container security system. I. MOTIVATION With the advent of standardized cargo containers, the global economy has deployed more than 20 million con- tainers, and today they are the most commonly used form of transportation for the world’s trade. With the increased focus and importance of international security since the events of 9/11, many government initiatives, regulations and mandates have introduced new requirements for cargo security. With cargo containers transporting 90 percent of the world’s trade, these efforts are focused on addressing the containers’ inherent vulnerabilities as well as the impracti- cality and prohibitive cost of 100% manual inspection. To be viable economically, these necessary security investments for containers need to also produce new advantages in the global supply chain and among the participating industry partners. However, the existing systems which have been developed for ecosystem players are not yet been sufficient to address all identified security issues in a robust and cost-effective manner. Today, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) research programs for container security devices focus on detecting container intrusion (e.g. DHS Advanced Container Security Device - ACSD [1]) or the tracking of each cargo container (e.g. DHS Marine Asset Tag Tracking - MATTs [2]). In order to address the security issues outlined above, and respond to the myriad government regulations such as ACSD and MATTs, we propose to take advantage of the fact that containers are in close physical proximity while in transit or stacked in container yards or in the port. Instead of focusing on the security of each individual container in isolation, we suggest creating a self-configuring container-based dynamic mesh network which changes with each physical realignment of the containers. In addition, this approach could also enhance container network communication to ocean- or land- based infrastructure which could also be provided in a more reliable and efficient manner. The belief is that the security of containers will be en- hanced by this interaction between neighboring networked containers. The investment to create mesh container networks could address the security requirements and provide addi- tional business benefits. Security could be enhanced by enabling end-to-end mon- itoring of containers (anytime, anywhere) and secure hand- off in the chain of custody addressing many of the DHS container security concerns. A key approach to attaining rapid and wide-scale security investment across the supply chain is to ensure the investment will also create high value business benefits. Current global supply chain designs entail multiple hand- offs (including multiple border crossings) among multiple parties and cover longer distances, resulting in lengthy ship- ment cycles. Existing shipments are vulnerable to several types of product losses, including pilferage, piracy, damage, and obsolescence. Shipment location and status are not known during the conveyance. To offset this uncertainty, firms extend shipment
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Enhancing Cargo Container Security during
Transportation: A Mesh Networking Based
Approach
Su Jin Kim, Guofeng Deng, Sandeep K.S. Gupta
Impact Lab, Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Abstract—Cargo containers which transport 90 percent of theworld’s trade transit the countries of the world daily. Despitethe vulnerability of cargo containers, only about 5 percent ofthe over 10 million cargo containers entering the U.S. each yearcan be inspected now. Our primary goal is to develop the smartcontainer security system using RFID and Wireless SensorNetworks in order to enhance the cargo container security. Inaddition, the end-to-end visibility via this networked trackingand sensing capability can bring additional commercial benefitsto supply chain and chain of custody. In this paper, we firstpropose a dynamic mesh container network among neighboringcontainers. Since a group of containers moves together, wecan take advantages of interaction between them via this meshcontainer network instead of focusing an individual container.Second, we introduce the concept of Mobile Edge ComputingDevices (MECD) which is the interface between distributedsensors and the end server in order to reduce processing andbandwidth requirements to the end servers. MECDs can givescalability, flexibility, reliability, and cost-efficiency to our cargocontainer security system.
I. MOTIVATION
With the advent of standardized cargo containers, the
global economy has deployed more than 20 million con-
tainers, and today they are the most commonly used form
of transportation for the world’s trade. With the increased
focus and importance of international security since the
events of 9/11, many government initiatives, regulations
and mandates have introduced new requirements for cargo
security. With cargo containers transporting 90 percent of
the world’s trade, these efforts are focused on addressing the
containers’ inherent vulnerabilities as well as the impracti-
cality and prohibitive cost of 100% manual inspection. To be
viable economically, these necessary security investments for
containers need to also produce new advantages in the global
supply chain and among the participating industry partners.
However, the existing systems which have been developed
for ecosystem players are not yet been sufficient to address
all identified security issues in a robust and cost-effective
manner.
Today, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) research
programs for container security devices focus on detecting
[7] Su Jin Kim, Guofeng Deng, Sandeep K. S. Gupta and Mary Murphy-Hoye, “Intelligent Networked Containers for Enhancing Global SupplyChain Security and Enabling New Commercial Value,” in the 3rd Int’l
Conf. on Communication System Software and Middleware (COM-