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ENHANCEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
CAPACITY (Planning and Policy)
COUNTRY REPORT
Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria By
Yusuf Abdullahi Ahmed
General Manager, Kaduna State Environmental Protection
Authority, KEPA
Japan International Cooperation Agency
February 2018
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Outline • Background
• SWM in Nigeria
• SWM in Kaduna Metropolis
• Legal and Regulatory Framework
• Stakeholders
• Operational strategy
• Gaps and Challenges
• NEEDs and Way forward
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Background • Nigeria is located in tropical West Africa and is
divided into 36 states
and 744 local councils. Kaduna state is a sub-National Unit of
Nigeria;
• There are 3 levels of government, a) National; b) State; c)
Local Councils. The environmental responsibility of each is clearly
defined by the constitution;
• Constitutionally, Waste Management is the responsibility of
Local councils. In Kaduna state, KEPA manages waste in Urban areas
of Kaduna state;
• Kaduna State is administered by a Governor (Nasiru El-Rufai),
Environmental assets and responsibilities are managed by a
Commissioner (Amina Sijuwade) while SWM is implemented by General
Manager, KEPA (Yusuf);
• The Governor define vision and mission of environmental
governance, the Commissioner drives policy and strategy while
private sector operates while KEPA Monitors;
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Solid Waste Management In Nigeria • Wastes are discarded items
that degrade the environment and endangers public
health;
• Solid Waste is managed at local, state or municipal level;
• Where government services are not available private and
informal waste collectors thrive;
• There is no national nor sub-national policy, strategy or
guidelines on management of non-hazardous waste
• Hazardous and radioactive wastes are regulated at National and
sub-National levels;
• Management of municipal solid waste by governments are free or
largely subsidized without cost and resource recovery
strategies;
• Services by private and informal sector are user paid, of poor
quality with little standardization, regulation and
enforcement;
• Environmental Education, public awareness and community
participation are very poor
• Waste management infrastructures/ assets are either
non-existent or
grossly inadequate
• Investment in waste management assets is low
• Absence of investment if data generation, storage and
research;
• Poor capacity and technical, and professional competence;
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Legal Framework For Waste Management In Nigeria
a. Global Best Practice: United Nations guidelines and
International conventions (e.g. UNEP; UNDP, Basel and Bamako
Conventions etc);
b. National Level: No policy but laws, acts and decrees and
regulation of National Environmental Standards and Regulations
Enforcement Agency, NESREA (e.g. The Harmful Waste (Special
Criminal Provision Etc) Act 1988; National Environmental
(Sanitation and Waste ) Regulation, 2009;
c. State Level: Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority,
KEPA Law of 201o; Solid Waste Management Regulation No. 1 of
2009;
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Solid Waste Management In Kaduna State
• Population: 8, 252, 400; Area: 46,053 km2; GDP: $10.334BN; Per
Capita Income: $1600; 23 Local councils; Major cities are Kaduna,
Zaria and Kafanchan
• SWM services are managed in the state through the Ministry of
Environment and Kaduna State Environmental protection Agency,
KEPA
• There is no Solid Waste Management Policy
• The state Governor defines SWM vision, the Commissioner is
responsible for policy and strategy, Private and informal sector
operate the services while KEPA regulate the SWM regime as defined
by its law and regulations, www.kepa.org.ng
• Waste management in the urban areas is by administered by the
state government (MENR/ KEPA);
• Local councils are responsible for managing wastes in the
rural areas
• Services by state government and local councils are free;
• Access to government services in the state are as low as
1.5%
• Over 50% of the urban population can access private and
informal services for a fee
• Services by government contractors and private operators are
below global best practice
• SWM expenditure for KKZ: N 173 million monthly ($ 468,
000)
http://www.kepa.org.ng/
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Solid Waste Management Vision of the Current Administration
• Clean and Safe Communities
• Jobs
• Revenue
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Solid Waste Management In Kaduna Metropolis
• Kaduna is undergoing rapid urbanization
• SWM is an emerging issue
• More than 70% live on less than $USA 2/ day
• Waste is managed formally and informally
• The informal sector is the major driver of cost and resource
recovery from waste
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Kaduna Metropolis – Facts and Figures
• Kaduna Metropolis is the capital of Kaduna State, Nigeria
• Location: North Western Nigeria
• Climate and Vegetation: Tropical African grassland
• Population: 1, 582, 102
• Communities: multi religious and multi ethnic
• Area: 131 km2
• Literacy: 58.1%
• Vocation: farming, herdsmen and artisans (1% of population in
public service)
• Unemployment rate: 30.3%
• More than 350 large, medium and small scale industries
• Waste generation: 4, 931 metric tons per day (estimate)
• Solid waste collection rate: 10% of which 25% is recoverable,
only 5% is recycled
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Legal and Regulatory Framework of SWM In Kaduna
• Global Best Practices – national and sub – National
obligations under
International conventions and agreements ratified by Nigeria
(Basel, Montreal,
and Bamako conventions)
• National laws (Harmful wastes act of 1999, National
Environmental Health and
regulations, 2016; National Environmental Standards and
Regulation
Enforcement Agency, NESREA regulations on solid waste, E-waste
and
Sanitation and control of healthcare waste 2017; Nigeria Nuclear
Regulatory
Agency, NNRA - Nigeria Radioactive Waste Management Regulation
2006 )
• Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority, KEPA Law of
2010
• KEPA Solid Waste Management Regulations No 1 of 2011
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Who are the stakeholders • Governments and its agencies (MENR/
KEPA)
• Waste contractors
• Consultants
• Researchers
• Informal waste collectors/ managers
• Waste aggregators
• Recyclers
• Producers of waste and Users of end-of-waste resources
• Development partners
EVERYBODY!!!
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The Current SWM strategy
SWM GOVERNANCE
• MENR is responsible for SWM policy and Laws
• KEPA is responsible for monitoring, supervision and
enforcement
• There is no legislation governing waste collection fees
SWM Generation and Collections
• SWM regime is operated by the informal sector of government
appointed service contractor (ZLGA)
• KDSG appointed contractor cleans public spaces for a fee paid
by government
• Industries, Businesses and residences are served by private
collectors or the informal sector for a fee
• Only 10% of municipal waste is collected formally
• Only 5% of collected wastestreams are recycled
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Public – Private Operator and Payment Models for SWM
services
Door-to-Door Collections:
• Clients signs service contracts with private collectors or
ZLGA
• ZLGA is the Sole KDSG approved collector and is working with
Private collectors/ PSPs
• A fraction of ZLGAs service charges is Paid to government as
revenue
• KDSG and ZLGA are working together to formalize the informal
SWM services
• Cash Collections are common but discouraged
Business/ Industrial Kerb side collections:
• Clients are serviced directly by ZLGA
• Private and informal collections are discouraged and
sanctioned;
• All operators are managed by KEPA
• Payments are made online, bank deposits or cash – receipts are
always issued
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Cleaning of public spaces, Neighborhood centers and city
beautification:
• ZLGA is the sole operator of this mandate
• ZLGA is paid a negotiated fee of N 173 million monthly for tis
service
• KPIs include: a. Street sweeping b. Evacuation of street based
and
communal collection points c. Desilting of public drains d.
Vegetation control e. Dumpsite management f. Staff welfare
Secondary collection/ Bulk evacuation:
• ZLGA as agreed with KDSG
Dumpsite management/ maintenance of transfer station:
• ZLGA as agreed with KDSG
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SWM Infrastructure In Kaduna Metropolis
Dump sites:
• 2 officially designated sites (unofficial communal dumps
abound in the city)
• All are managed by ZLGA
Transfer Loading Stations:
• 6 community based Material recovery facilities and transfer
stations
• All are managed by ZLGA
Equipments:
• 38 vehicles mainly tippers, side loaders and pay loaders
• All are managed by ZLGA as agreed with KEPA
Six waste aggregators (dealers) and nine industrial scale
recyclers:
KEPA through ZLGA employs 300 administrative staff and manual
waste workers:
The city host over 6000 informal waste pickers including
children:
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SWM Business and Employment Potential Business Growth and
Employment Potentials
• At 25% recycling rate, end-of-waste resources of $ 240, 000
can potentially be recovered daily;
• Value of recycled waste per day - $ 12, 328
• Kaduna has the potential to creat 6700 more jobs in the SWM
regime
• New investments in the SWM regimes can create more white
collar jobs
Solid waste value chains
• Plastics: 10% of total wastestream, local recyclers abound
• Paper: 8%, only one local recycler
• Metals: 5%, recycled informally, no large scale foundry
• Organic Waste: 54%, currently landfilled and of no value
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Emerging Issues In Waste Management
• Air quality (odor)
• Ground and Surface water quality
• Soil contamination
• Vermin and Communicable diseases
• End-of-waste resources
• Informal waste managers and Solid waste value chains
• Recycling opportunities
• Revenue
• Sustainability
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Gaps and Challenges
• Emerging City – Rapid Urbanization
• Inadequate Infrastructure (No Landfill, poorly managed Waste
Dumps, waste storage, collection points and transfers stations,
communal MRFs)
• Limited Resources/ investments
• Lack of Experienced Manpower
• Low Public Participation
• Inadequate Waste Management Policies and technology
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NEEDS AND WAY FORWARD
• A sustainable partnership for clean
Safe communities, Green Jobs and
improved Revenue from SWM
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Kaduna Metropolis wishes to join JICA sponsored Africa
Clean Cities Platform
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Thanks for Listening