English Ppt

A notice is written in order to inform people or pupils (in a school) about an event or an activity. It could be about a competition, an exhibition or inauguration to take place in near future. Or any other activity especially in school like an excursion, a meeting or a show.

NOTICE:

SCHOOL NAMENotice

Date and day

BODY OF THE NOTICE

From..Name and designation along wid signature.

NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

Notice Date

HEADING

BODY OF THE NOTICE

• Date• Day

•Venue

Name Designation

Format of a notice

Notice can use capital letters for details such as names of organisations ,captions ,an important detail with in the message itself. The date of the notice can be placed at the top left corner. The entire content of the notice is centered within the box The individuals responsible for issuing the notice indicates the name below the signature, followed by their designation. Add only necessary details like date, place and time. Do not add any extra information. Word limit should not be exceed (50 words ).

Points To Remember

EXAMPLES

Students’ CouncilSt.Francis Sr.Secondary School,Bangalore

NOTICE

15,Dec,2011Golden Jubilee Celebrations

You will be glad to know that the Students’ Council of your school has invited the world famous Bolshoi, Ballet troupe of Russia to give its performance on 25th of December 2011 at 6 p.m. in the school auditorium on the occasion of its Golden Jubilee Celebrations. The entry will be free for the students of the school. They can invite their friends and parents only after obtaining entry-passes from the undersigned by 20th December,2003.Children below ten years will not be allowed.

RohitPresidentStudents’ Council

1.You are Rohit .As President of the students’ council of St.Francis Sr. Secondary School, Bangalore, you have invited a visiting Russian Ballet troupe to give a performance in your school on the occasion of its Golden Jubilee Celebrations. Write a notice in about 50 words informing the students about this event.

Fine Arts ClubHappy Child Public School, Jamshedpur

NOTICE5,Nov,2011

Painting Competition

The Fine Arts Club ,Happy Child Public School, Jamshedpur is holding the fifth Nand Lal Memorial On-the-Spot Inter School Painting Competition on the lawns of the school on Sunday, the 5th of November,2011.Only students recommended by the Principals of their respective schools will be considered for the entry. The names must reach the undersigned by 28th of October,2011.

SecretaryFine Arts Club

2. You are the secretary of Fine Arts Club of your school. You want to organize an Inter-School On-the-Spot Painting Competition at your school. Write a notice inviting the names of the recommended students from different schools of Delhi.

It is a written piece of communication whose purpose /aim is to give information.

Format of a circularName of the institution

AddressCIRCULAR

Reference No. DateSalutation

Body(in paragraph or points)

NameDesignation

Points To Remember

EXAMPLES

1. Wellims Convent School ,Dehradun is organizing a cultural exchange trip to Japan during the in winter break order enhance students exposure to the culture and rich heritage of Japan. 25% of the travel and food expenses will be done by school on behalf of the organizer of the cultural committee of your school. Draft a circular to be sent to the parents given the information or details about the trip ,invent other details.

Wellims Convent SchoolDehradunCIRCULAR

Ref.no: wcs/1/2011 Date: 23/11/2011Dear Parents,

This is to inform about a cultural exchange trip to Japan during winter break in order to enhance students’s exposure to the culture and rich heritage of Japan.25% travel and food expenses will be paid by school itself .You just have to pay Rs 20,000.Students will be taken on school’s risk from 20th may,2011 to 30th may,2011.It will be a fun and educational trip.

MeghaOrganizer (Cultural Committee)

2.The sky cable T.V. is increased monthly charges to 300 per month in your locality (patparganj) from 1st of october . Write a circular informing the residence of your locality to pay the new charges and to avail best services. You are prachi/pranav ,cable T.V. operator.

Sky Cable T.V.patparganj

CIRCULAR

Ref. No. 26 april,2001

Dear residentsYour reliable cable T.V. network is introducing advanced services from the following month. We are installing HD picture quality and more number of services herewith. Inorder to avail this opportunity you have to pay Rs 300/month. We promised to give you the best of services. Kindly pay the new charges timely.

PranavCable T.V. Operator

An advertisement is a very powerful medium which is deliberately used to influence the minds ,tastes and even motives of the masses. It is an announcement made through a popular medium that reaches the maximum number of people .Newspapers ,magazines ,T.V. ,radio and the cinema are extensively used by the corporate world ,commercial establishments and government and social institutions for various purposes.

Points To Remember

Advertisements should be attractive and eye catching.It should be comprehensive though brief and carefully worded.It must contain the advertisers name and address.Use adjectives to make advertisements more attractive.Visuals and slogans may appear on poster / bigger space advertisements.All classified ads have a definite word limit and appear under set headings such as situation vacant, matrimonial, sale and purchase, property, education,etc.

EXAMPLES

1. You are sumita running a telephone booth in the central market, Bhopal. Give a suitable advertisement for a telephone operator in ‘Situation Vacant’ column of Bhopal Times,

offering attractive remuneration.

‘Situation Vacant’

Wanted a young telephone operator for a telephone booth in the central market, Bhopal.Onlysmart boys and girls in the age group of 17 to 25 and with good communication skills will be considered. Remuneration best in the industry.Ranjan,15 Central Market,Bhopal.Phone: 2234687.

2. You want to let out a portion of your house. Draft a suitable advertisement giving Details to be published in the column of a newspaper.

Available, a separate portion of a newly constructed bungalow on 700 sq metres in greater kailash, Three bed rooms ,attached baths ,drawing dining kitchen, puja room and car parking .Rent expected around Rs 15000 p.m .Only central governmentGazetted odficers, neede contact: N.M. Mehta A-17,Greater Kailash, New Delhi orPhone : 26578954.

Posters are notices, advertisements and invitations – all in one . Hence , good posters recapture and recreate the basic moods and styles of all these three means of communication.

Points To Remember

A Poster should be so designed as can be put up at a public place. A good poster must catch the attention of the passers by.Striking designs and ornate work are two important features of good posters.In posters bold and capital letters should be used.There need not be many details in a poster .Only important issues should be highlighted through catchy phrases, slogans or tempting and inviting languages.

EXAMPLES

1.Write out a poster to announce a fete to be held in your school .You may use slogans .

2.Design a poster for promoting cleanliness in the surroundings of your colony.

Cleanliness is Godliness

SecretaryKeep Clean Club

Invitations form an important part of human intercourse or social dealings between individuals or human groups . In a civilized society an invitation takes the form of a request in which an individual is requested to come or go somewhere , or to do something.It can be either formal or informal invitations.

Format Of Invitations

Formal Invitation

The Principal and the staffOf

ABC Public School, address

Cordially invite you to the Venue, day, date ,time

Name of Chief Guest will be the chief guest

R.S.V.PPhone numberDesignation

Points To Remember

Formal invitations don’t include the names of addressees.In such cases ,where a V.I.P is invited to preside over a function ,the name of that V.I.P appears prominently in such formal invitations.The length of formal or informal invitation should not exceed 50 words.The style or tone of the informal invitations is relaxed and informal.

EXAMPLES

1.You are a student of Neelgiri Public School,Ooty .The school is holding its annual function . Write an invitation on behalf of the Principal of your school inviting the important persons of the town to attend the function to be held on November 12,2011 at 10:00am.

The Principal and the staffOf

Neelgiri Public SchoolOoty

Request your benign presenceOn the auspicious occasion

Of

THE ANNUAL FUNCTIONOf the school

At 10.00 am on November 12,2011

Shri R.K Shriniwasan,I.A.Swill be the chief guest and will give away the prizes to the students

R.S.V.PPrincipalNeelgiri Public School,Ooty

2.Draft an invitation on behalf of Mr. and Mrs. Tarla of 21 Sector-14,Bhopal, which they may useTo invite their friends and relatives on the birth anniversary of their son Neeraj at their residence on November 3,2011.

Mr. and Mrs. TarlaRequest the pleasure of your benign presence

On the auspicious occasion of the

BIRTHDAY CELEBRATIONSOf

their sonNEERAJ

At their residence

21,sector-14, BhopalAt 3.30 p.m

OnNovember 3,2011

R.S.V.PMr & Mrs. Tarla

Letter writing is one of the most indispensable of modern society .Commerce trade ,official correspondence, public representations and complaints and other dealings and communications with the people are conducted through letters.

Letter types include:-

1. Business Letters•Letters of enquiry/asking for information•Replying to enquiries/giving information•Placing orders and sending replies•Cancelling orders

2. Official Letters•Letters for complaints•Making Enquiries•Letter Making Requests /Appeals

3. Letters to the Editor•Giving suggestions on an issue•Giving suggestions on an issue already raised in an article/write-up/in a published letter

4. Letter of application•Applications for jobs

Format of Formal Letter

Sender’s Address

The Date

The Name and Address of the Addressee

Salutation

Subject

The Body /Content of the Letter

The complimentary Close (Yours Faithfully, Yours Sincerely)

Signature

Format of Informal Letter

The Name and Address of the Addressee

The Date

Salutation

The Body /Content of the Letter

The complimentary Close (Yours Faithfully, Yours Sincerely)

Signature

EXAMPLES

You are Lili of Holy caravan Public School, Jhansi. You are selected by your state to represent your state at the National Athletes Meet. Write a Formal letter to your principal requesting him/her to grant you the permission to attend the school one hour late for a fortnight as you have to attend the athletics coaching. The principalHoly caravan Public SchoolJhansi20 Dec 2011Subject : Permission to attend the school one hour late.

SirI am a student of xii A of Holy caravan Public School, Jhansi. You will be glad to know that I have been selected by the state of UP to represent it at the national athletics meet. The athletics meet will be held at Bhopal from 15th to 30th Jan 2011.It is a great honor for me and my institution. But it needs an intensive coaching and training before I can compete with the best athletes in India. I am receiving coaching from a professional club in the morning. I can’t attend the school at 8 am. I have to be at the club up to 8:30 am. Kindly allow me to attend the school one hour late for a fortnight . I promise to give best of my performance at the national athletics meet . If I keep up my present form , I shall return with medal from Bhopal. I hope you will grant me this favor & oblige.

Yours FaithfullyLili

You are Rami, staying in Room no. 311, Kaveri Hostel, Delhi university. Write a letter to your mother at Chandigarh telling her about your hostel life.

Room no. 311Kaveri HostelDelhi University20 Dec 2011

My dear MommaI hope this letter will end all your worries about my stay away from you and home. There is absolutely no difficulty in the hostel. Now the days of initial introduction are over. Every body is having a fine time here. I have a very fine boy as my room mate. We help each other and live like brothers.

The food served is good. It is not much different from what I ate at home. If any thing, there is greatest variety. The dining hall is clean and spacious. Our warden takes good care of each of us. Not only this , there is provision for both outdoor & indoor sports. I take part in them regularly.

I am doing fine here. Please do not worry about me.

With LoveYour loving sonRami

It is a long piece of composition , it may be descriptive or argumentative. It can be for newspaper or school magazine . In articles we can give our own ideas or views on a particular topic or issue in our own language.

Points To Remember

Study carefully the hints or points given in the verbal input .

Develop each point in a systematic and logical manner.

The length of the article should not exceed 200 words.

It is always better to divide or arrange your article into suitable paragraphs.

Always use simple and grammatically correct language. Article should be meaningful ,brief and to the point.

Transport in India

Transport in India is going through a rapid transition. Cars still provide less than 10% of all passenger kilometres, and public transport (rail and bus) about two-thirds. Car sales however are now growing by about 30% a year, showing that incomes in India are at the tipping point of car ownership. Car ownership is projected to grow from less than 10 million now to about 100 million in 2030. In addition there is a strong growth in motorbike ownership: 17% annual growth between 1990 and 2000 and an estimated increase to about 300 million motorbikes in 2030. Public transport is loosing ground because of lack of quality and traffic congestion. Serious air pollution from traffic, increasing oil imports, and one of the highest rates of road traffic accidents complete the picture. Several policy initiatives have been developed to counter this trend: the National Urban Transport Policy, a combination of city planning, building metro and modern bus systems, providing dedicated space for public transport and introducing parking fees; the National Auto Fuel Policy, promoting cleaner fuels such as Compressed Natural Gas; and the Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, to provide cities with funding for structural changes in city planning. Analysis of what these policies can mean in moving towards a more sustainable transport system shows that transport energy use could be 30% lower than in a scenario without policy, a reduction equivalent to all of the transport energy used in India today. It also would lead to retaining a share of public transport of about 60% of all passenger travel, which would be an enormous contribution to creating liveable cities.

China’s building boom

China is currently adding about 2 billion square meters of building floor space every year, about half for residential and half for commercial buildings, a growth rate of about 7%. Most of these new buildings are in cities. An important driver for the increase in residential buildings is the official government target of increasing the living space per urban person to 35m2 by 2020 and the trend towards smaller households. Building codes were introduced in 1986, revised in 1995, differentiated according to climate, and revised again in 2006. Compliance with building codes is poor: from 60% in the North to 8% in the South. The buildings sector used about 35% of total primary energy (in 2005, two-thirds from traditional biomass. This is expected to be only about one-third in 2030. Natural gas and electricity use in the buildings sector are expected to grow by about 6% per year till 2030. Natural gas supply to cities for household use is a government priority. Heating, cooling, and appliances are the biggest energy consumers. About 80% of urban households own an air conditioner now and almost all urban households have a refrigerator, a washing machine, and one or more televisions. Appliances are generally less efficient than comparable European models. Policies on efficiency standards for appliances and phasing out of residential electricity subsidies are in place.

EXAMPLES

Reporting of an event or incident needs a great communication skill . Correspondents of all leading newspapers form a vast network whose job is only to send reports of important events or incidents to the news agencies. Written reports are permanent records of events.

Format of a report

TOPICPlaceDate

Body of the Report

Points To Remember

Mention the place , date ,time and other relevant facts . It should contain first hand information about the incident , occurrences or event.It should be simple, spontaneous, graphic and factual description.The word limit of report should not exceed 100 words.

EXAMPLES

1.You are an eye witness to a road accident resulting in loss of human life and property. As a press-reporter of national herald write a report in about 100 words.

A Road Accident

Lucknow : 20th march,2003.National Herald News Service. Lucknow is no more a safe city . Various accidents are reported everyday on the roads of the city . The horrible road accident that took away two innocent lives yesterday is just. An addition to the long list. A school bus collided with an oil tanker coming from the opposite direction . The accident took place near Hazrat Ganj Police Station . The driver of the bus lost control of the speeding bus . The driver of the oil tanker tried to take a sharp turn . There was toppled over. The oil tanker caught fire . Most of the children were saved. But the conductor and a school boy died on the spot .Ten students received minor injuries .They were admitted to a nearby hospital. The fire –brigade arrived within ten minutes. But the oil flown onto the road caught fire. The loss ran into thousands of rupees.

2.Write a report on the widespread damage to public property and loss of human lives during a communal riot in your area

Communal Riot

I live in a lane near Turkman gate in the walled city . Generally , people are friendly andcooperative to another. But sometimes just a rumour can cause havoc and may lead to a communal riot. Last Sunday an ordinary incident provided such an excuse. A known bad character of the area Anil passed some indecent remarks on a young women named Zeenat Begum .This lead to a violent protest from the member of the other community. Some sensible and responsible member of both the communities condemned the incident. But the mischief-mongers soon dominated the scene. The area became the battle ground between the members of the two communities. There was a free use of bricks , bottle , missiles and fire arms from both the sides. About 50 shops were put to flames. Stabbing and firing incidence took away the lives of two innocent people. Only the flag march of the army could put down the riot and instill safety and security into the minds of people.