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Reviving Sonus 1
Overview: linguistics and phonetics Theoretical Linguistics
Meanings and Distinction of Basic Terminology Phone Phoneme Allophone Morpheme Allomorph Contrast
Reviving Sonus 9
Terminology (cntd.) Phone
The minimal unit of speech sound Different phones have different quality Depending upon physical quality of sounds A substantial surface entity Transcribed in “[ ]” (eg. [p], [m])
Reviving Sonus 10
Terminology (cntd.) Phoneme
- The minimal unit that distinguishes meaning- Phonemes do not carry meanings themselves.
- The unit that makes the connection between sound and meaning
- The basic unit of the contrast in phonology- An abstract entity- Transcribed in “/ /” (eg. /p/ /m/)
Reviving Sonus 11
Terminology (cntd.) Allophone (phonetic variant)
Segments which are derived from the same phoneme
Reflects relationship between phoneme and phones
Gives a criterion for speech sound grouping
Guess to which ‘allophone’ is closer, ‘phoneme’ or ‘phone’?
Reviving Sonus 12
Terminology (cntd.) Examples for
phone/phoneme/allophone Consider sounds in the words
goose, geese, glee, glue pine, speak, stop
Reviving Sonus 13
Terminology (cntd.) Phonemes and allophones are
language dependent concepts English and Korean liquids English and Korean stops
Voicing Manners
Reviving Sonus 14
Terminology (cntd.) How to distinguish phonemes from phones(or
allophones) in a language Minimal pair
Two word strings which has only one segmental difference at the same position
(Eg. vine/pine, though/dough) Complementary distribution
Mutual exclusiveness Different allophones of the same phoneme do not occur
in the same linguistic environment
Reviving Sonus 15
Terminology (cntd.) Morpheme
- The minimal unit that bears meaning- Compare with phoneme
- Variants of the same morpheme- Different morphemes have different
meanings but may sound the same -> Homophone (homonym)
- Eg. tea/tee, flower/flour, too/two
Reviving Sonus 16
Terminology (cntd.) Allomorph
Two different forms derived from the same morpheme
The same meaning Eg. leaves[li:vz]/leaf[li:f]
Reviving Sonus 17
Terminology (cntd.) Contrast
The fact that different phonemes distinguish the words of a language from one another
Eg. p vs b Opposition, distinction
Reviving Sonus 18
Speech Physiology Contents:
Vocal organs Three processes of speech production
Initiation Phonation Articulation
Reviving Sonus 19
Initiation To make sounds air is necessary Initiation is the process of creating air