-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
1/190
HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
ENGLISH FOR ECONOMICS
AND BUSINESS STUDENTSBY:
SARAH BALES - AMERICAN TEACHER DO THI NU - HEAD,
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
HA KIM ANH - TEACHER OF ENGLISH - NEU
Ho Ipĩnh flV?
i d l :
NHÀ XUẤT BẨN GIẤO D Ụ C - 1998
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
2/190
4(^4p! ~ o q 7) 232 /4 7- 98 Mã sể: DNT 01 b8G D - 9 8
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
3/190
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
4/190
FOREWORD
The following is a collection o f readings in Economics
andBusiness put together for the third and fourth year students
at
the National Economics University (NEU) in Hanoi, Vietnam
in1993. The texts were collected from various textbooks,
popular
books on business and economics, reports from
differentdevelopment agencies, and articles written specially for
this book
by various authors. The texts were shortened, simplified
andotherwise adapted to fit the skill level and interests of
thestudents. Difficult and new vocabulary were extracted from
each
reading to create a word list for each chapter (to be printed
in book two). The word lists were translated into Vietnamese
and
consolidated in a glossaiy in alphabetical order at the end
of book two. Each chapter contains exercises to practise
vocabulary, grammar, and use of the language on that
particularsubject. There are a total of 64 readings on 17 different
sujects
which were chosen because they'are the basic subjects
thatstudents at NEƯ are required to study.
The work was initiated by Sarah Bales, a VIA volunteer at
NEƯ during the 1993 - 1994 school year. Two English
teachers
from NEU, Mrs Do Thi Nu and Ms Ha Kim Anh, helped to
choose appropriate subject matter and materials,
wrotecomprehension questions and grammar explanations and
exercises, tested the materials on NEƯ students and kept the
administration informed about our progress. Mr. James
Carlson
3
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
5/190
helped by writing a section on accounting and makingsuggestions
to improve the second hair of the book. Thetranslation of the word
list was done with the assistance of Mr.
Nguyen Xuan Vang, and some others. Ronnie Wynne
assisted by reading through most of the chapters, correcting
mistakes and
making comments to improve the materials. Manv thanks to allof
these people and other people not mentioned who havehelped in the
completion of this project
4
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
6/190
Table of contents
Third-year
Page
Chapter I - THE MARKET ECONOMY 8
1. Market capitalism 8Grammar: Relative pronoun - whose
2. The Basic Economic Problem 14
3. The Market Mechanism 17
Grammar: Present and past participleOPTIONAL READING: From
central
planning to a market economy 23
Chapter II - HISTORY 26
4. Adam Smith 265. Robert Malthus 32
Grammar: Inversion of subject and verb6. Kari Marx 38
Grammar: Use of as long as7. Maynard Ke;ynes 43
Grammar: Gerund
Chapter III - MACROECONOMICS 49
8. Macroeconomics 49Grammar: Relative pronouns - which,whom,
that
9. Fiscal and Monetary Policy 54
Grammar: Conditional sentences
5
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
7/190
10. GDP and GNP 60
Grammar: Passive voice11. The Business Cycle 64
Grammar: Article usage
Chapter IV - MICROECONOMICS 74
12. Microeconomics 74
13. Demand 78Grammar: Use of so and such
14. Supply S3
Grammar: Use of as and like
Chapter V - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS 8915. What is International
Economics? 89
Grammar: Ellipsis
16. Vietnamese Rice Exports 9417. Trade Surpluses and Deficits
98
Grammar: Use of though, although,despite, in spite of
18. How do Exchange Rates Function? 105Grammar: Unreal
conditional sentences19. The Letter of Credit 111
Grammar: Infinitive of purpose
Chapter VI - INFLATION 117
20. Inflation 1X7Grammar: Review of conditional sentences
21. Inflation and growth 122Grammar: Use of can and to be able
to
22. How does Inflation Affect 126the World Economy?
6
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
8/190
23. Hyperinflation '131Grammar: Verbs followed by the gerund
Chapter VII - LABOR 137
24. What Affects Wages? 13725. Unemployment 142
26. Trade Unions and Wages 148Grammar: Noun clauses - that
Chapter VIII - DEMOGRAPHY 154
27. World Population Growth 15428. The Population in Vietnam
158
29. Economics and Fertility in Vietnam 16330. Family Planning
Policy in Vietnam 169
Chapter IX. INVESTMENTS 175
31. W hat are Capital Markets? 175
32. Investing in Stocks 178
33. Bonds 18134. Risk 183
7
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
9/190
Chapter I. THE MARKET ECONOMY
Unit 1. MARKET CAPITALISM
(adapted from Comparative Economic Systems by John E.
Elliott)
Competitive market capitalism contains two majordecision-making
units whose actions are coordinated through
market exchange. The first is the business firm, which buys
resources from households and transforms resource inputs
into outputs of products and services that it sells to
households.
The second is the household, which owns and sells resources
to
firms and purchases outputs from them.
The two kinds of market relations, as well as the two basic
units of economic decision-making, are interdependent. The
demand for resource inputs is derived from the demand for
fina]
products because firms produce to sell (at a profit) to
consumers.
Resource inputs, in turn, are required to create outputs.
Com-
sumers are able and willing to purchase products because
they
have incomes. Consumers obtain income through the sale or
loan
of their resources to firms, who in turn organize and
coordinate
factors of production to produce outputs from these inputs.
Competitive market capitalism is based on some basic
assumptions. One assumption is that both firms and
households desire to maximize their economic well-being
through market
exchange. Business firms are assumed to pursue
profit maximization and household try to maximize utility
orsatisfaction. Both try to buy at the lowest possible price (for
agiven quality of good) and to sell at the highest possible
price.
The other major assumption is that markets are competitive,
8
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
10/190
which means there are many buyers and sellers, products
aresubstitutable, buyers and sellers have a lot of knowledge
of the
market and resources are able to move freely between uses.
decision-making (adj)
to coordinate (v) business firm (adj. or n.
household (n)to transform (v)to purchase (v)
interdependent (adj)
to derive from (v)in turn (adv;loan (n)assumption(n)
well-being (n)to assume (v)to pursue (v)
utility (n)given (adj)
substitutable (adj)
/. Comprehension Questions
1) What are the two major decision-making units whichmarket
capitalism contains ?
2) How are the actions of business firms and
households coordinated ?
3) From whom does the business firm buy resources andsell
outputs ?
4) What does the demand for resource inputs depend on ?
ra quyết định
phối hợp, sắp xếp, điều phối) hãng kinh doanh
hộ gia đìnhchuyển đổi, biến đổi, thay đổimua. tậu, sắm
phụ thuộc lẫn nhau
thu được từ
lần lượtvay
giả định
phúc lợigiả địnhmưu cầuđộ thỏa dụngnhất định
có thể thay thế
9
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
11/190
5) What do firms do with the resources they buy fromhouseholds
?
6) How can consumers get money to buy products sold byfirms
?
7) What do both households and business firms do through
market exchange ?
8) What does it mean that "markets are competitive" ?
//. True!False
I ) ______Business firms and households are
independent
of each other.
2) _ __ Firms and households are both
buyers andsellers.
3 ) ___ Demand for the products of a firm depends
on
the demand for the resources.4 ) ____ Knowledge of the
market is not necessaiy for a
competitive market.
5 ) ____ Households organize and coordinate factors
of production to produce outputs.
IĨL Grammar
Relative Possessive Pronoun - Whose (adapted fromPractical
English Usage by Michaei Swan).
Review : Relative pronouns serve two functions at once.They are
used as the subjects or objects of verbs, like other
pro nouns ; At the same time, they join clauses together,
like
conjunctions.
The most common relative pronouns are who, whom,which, and that.
Both who and whom are used for people.
10
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
12/190
However, whom (which refers to the object of a verb or
a preposition) is rather unusual, especially in
conversationalEnglish. It is generally either left out, or replaced
by who orthat. Which is used for tilings. That can often (but not
always)
be used instead of who, whom, or which.Whose is a relative
possessive pronoun. It indicates pos-
session. It is used together with nouns in the same way as
his. her, its, or their. It can refer to people or things. In
a relativeclause, the structure whose + noun can be :
- the subject -
e.g. When I looked through the window I'saw a girl
whose beauty took my breath away. John found a cat whose
leg
was broken.This is Henry whose wife works for me.
- the object -
It was a meeting whose importance Ĩ did not realize at
the time. V
This is Jane, whose sister you met last week.
Note that instead of whose, we can use of which to referto
things. The word-order is normally noun + of which.
We had a meeting the purpose of which was completelyunclear (or
whose purpose was unclear...).
He has written a book the name of which I’ve completely
forgotten (or whose name I’ve.,.).
Combine each pair of sentences into one :
Example : The class has 40 students.Their English is quite
good.
11
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
13/190
The class has 40 students whose English is
quite good.
1) a. That is the man. b. His dog bit me yesterday.
2) a. We saw some people.
b. Their car had broken down.
3) a. Yesterday I met a woman. b. Her husband was arres ted
by the police
4) a. This is Tom. b. I borrowed his bike.
Õ) a. The teacher is Miss Smith.
b. Her class meetố at 7 :30.
6) a. Rice is a commodity. b. The price of rice is
rising.
7) a. Tom is a man. b. Tom’s wife left him.
8) a. This is a girl. b. Her bicycle was stolen.
IV. Vocabulary Exercise
Fill in the blank with the correct word.
1. He filled out each of the papers_______________.
2. We must consider the
economic ________________ of
poor people when we make this policy.3. The boss is the
only person w
ith ___ ___ _ _________
power in this company ; no one else can make decisions.
12
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
14/190
4. Economists make m an y ________________ when
they
Witte their theories.
5. It is veiy difficult t
o __________ _____ the schedules of
all the students and all the teachers in the university.
6. Salt is n o t____ __________ for sugar even
though theylook the same.
7. The husband and wife are _______________ , he
can’t
live without her and she can’t live without him.
• 8. We can no t ________________ that she wants to
marry
him, we must ask her opinion first.
9. The company wants t o
________________ inexpensivegoods in Vietnam to send to
America and sell at a high price.
10. That company’s high profits a r
e ________________
from the sale of shoes made in Vietnam and sold in Japan.
11. Nobody derives much ________________ from air
pol-
lution ; it just causes health problems.
12. The changes in government policy should
_________
_________________ the Vietnamese economy from a
Marxist.
economy into a market economy.
13. They can keep the money for a
_______________ time
period, for example, one year, but then they must pay it
back.
14- Many American _____________________ would like
to
invest in Vietnam.
15. Many Vietnamese_____________________have more
than 2 children.
13
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
15/190
16. She has a __________________ for $500 to buy
asewing machine to make clothes, but she must pav it back soon.
17. If you want to ______________ _ a career in
business,you must understand the economy.
Unit 2. THE BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM
(adapted from The Language of Economics by Eva Guarino)
The basic economic problem for any community is how
to make the best use of its labor and other resources.
Ineconomic terms, labor and other resources are called means of
production or factors of production.The volume of output
is limited bv the amount of factors
of production. The more factors of production we have, themore
we can produce.
The problem for any community is how to use its factors
of production to the best advantage. In general, it is
wasteful for workers to be unemployed, and the community will
probably
try to have fall employment. But for some other factors, such
as poor land, it may be better to leave them unused. Most of
thefactors that are used could be used for any of several
different
purposes. Most workers could be employed in any number
of
occupations or industries and most land could be used for
several
different crops, pasture, or building sites.
Therefore, the economic problem is how to allocate
factors among different industries in order to produce what
thecommunity wants most. In a given period we cannot have as
much of everything as we want because factors of productionare
limited in amount, but at least we can tiy to produce the
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
16/190
particular assortment of goods and services which the
community prefers.
I. Comprehension Questions
1) What is anoth er term for "factors of production" ?
2) W hat is the amount of ou tput limited by ?3) In which ways
could land be used according to
the reading ?4) How should the community allocate its
resources?
5) Why can’t we have as much of everything as
we want ?6) What is the main topic of the reading?
ĨĨ. True —False
1) _ We can increase the amount of productsif we
have more factors of production.
community (n)
term (n)
means (n)factor (n)volume (n)advantage (n)
wasteful (adj)
probably (adv)
crop (n)
pasture (n)to allocate (v)
particular (adj)
assortment (n)to prefer (v)
cộng đổng
thuật ngữ
phương tiệnnhân tố, yếu tố
khối lượngsự thuận lợi, lợi thế
lãng phícó thể, có khả năng,
vụ, mùa
đổng cỏ phân bổđặc thù. đặc biệt
nhiều loại khác nhauưa thích hơn
15
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
17/190
2) . ■ It is always better to leave all lancbunused
3) ________ Workers can be employed in only
oneoccupation or industry at a time
4) ______ Most factors of production can be usedfor
several different purposes.
5) _____ __ We can have as much of everything as we
want in a giỵen period.
///. Grammar
We can use the pa ttern : ;
Comparative + Subject + Verb 4- the -f comparative +
Subject + Verb to say that two changes happen together
(one change depends on the other change)
e.g. - The more factors of production we'have, the more
we can pro dupe.
- The less one earns, the less one must pay in
income taxes.
Write 5 sentences using this pattern.
TV. Vocabulary Exercise1) She
. _______________ studying to going out so -she
always receives high marks on her exams.
2) There are many ________________ used in
marketeconomics which have not been translated into Vietnamese
yet.
3) Companies m u st __________ _____
resources to their
best use in order to make, high profits.4) The
whole __________________ must help to give food
to the poor people.
16
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
18/190
p jj fe :;5) The autumn _____ _ _ was not big
enough iplilv auLuUiil _fulfil to other countries.
I;' Americans can be v e iy ________ : . ;
theytfefcovv everything away. .
7) 'Phe land is used a s ________________ for the
cows.
A‘jj-;r: . . .;.fit.,. 8) There is a , person w hom . we are
looking for.
n r, 9). She has a big motorcycle and wears a lot of gold,-she
isvery rich.
t;A 10). By what ; ■ ■ • _ _ of transportation doyou come to the
university everyday ?
11) Many _______ _________
influence the successof a business including the government’s
policies.
12) T h e ________________ of work, they must do is
verylarge.
13) She has a n _______ ____________ over
him becauseshe studied abroad and he didn’t
14) You can find anything you want or need in that
store because it has a w ide_____________________________of
goods.
Unit 3. THE MARKET MECHANISM(adapted from Economics
by Samuelson)
A market is an arrangement by which buyers and sellers
of a commodity interact to determine its price and quantity.In a
market system, everything has a price - each good and
each service. Even the different kinds of human labor have
17
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
19/190
prices, th at is, wage rates. We receive income for what
we sell,and we use this income to buy what we want.
In addition, prices provide important signals to
market participants. If consumers want more of any good, for
example,
rice, a lot of new orders for it will be placed. As
buyersscramble around to buy more rice, the sellers will raise the
price
of rice to ration out a limited supply and the higher price
will encourage greater rice production.
On the other hand, what will happen if a good such as
cars becomes overstocked at the going market price ?
Sellers willlower car prices in their rush to unload unwanted
models. At
the lower price, more consumers will want cars, and
producers win want to produce fewer cars. As a result, a
balance (or equi-librium) between buyers and sellers will be
restored.
What is true of the markets for consumer goods is also
true o f markets for factors o f production. Rem ember that a
fac-tor of production is an input intp the productive process oneof
the classical triad of land, labor and capital. If computer
programmers, rather than typists are needed, job
opportunities will be more favorable in the computing field.
The price o f com-
puter programmers (their hourly wages) will tend to rise,
andthat of typists will tend to fail. The shift in relative wages
will
cause a shift of workers into the growing occupation.
mechanism (n) cơ chếarrangement (n) sự sắp đặt
to interact (v) ảnh hưởng iẫn nhau,
in addition (prep) participant (n)
tác động qua lại hơn nữa, thêm vào đó người
tham'gia
18
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
20/190
to place an order (v) to scramble (v) to ration out
(v)
overstocked (adj)
to rush (v) to unload (v)
to restore (v) process (n)
triad (n)
favorable (adj) to tend to (v)
shift (n) relative (adj)
?‐ ! Ỉ ' ' ■V ■ . Í ; ■ ; . .
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
21/190
//. Prefixes
inter - between or reciprocal interact, international
en - to cause to be
encourage, ensure, enableover- excessive (too much)
overstockẹđ, overcareful, overconsumption
U1> not or opposite of
unhappy, unload, unwanted
re- again or back (as it was before)
restore, renew, redo, remembertri- three
triad, tricycle, triangle
Think of other words you know with those prefixes. Writethree
examples for each one. Use a dictionary if you can’t thinkof
any.
///. Grammatical Point 1) A present participle is the - ing
form of the verb.
- it is a part of a verb when it is accompanied by someform of
the verb "to be"
e.g. She is talking to her friend.Tlje prices are rising.
- It is an adjective when it is not accompanied by someform of
the verb "to be"
e.g. What will happen if a good such as cars
becomes overstocked at the going market price ?
20
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
22/190
The shift in relative wages will cause a shift
of
workers into the growing occupation.
2) A past participle can be part of a verb or it can be
an adjective.
- I t is part of a verb if it is accompanied by some form
of the verb be or have.
e.g. A balance between buyers and sellers will be restored.
He has purchased a car.
- It is an adjective when it is not accompanied by
some form of be or have.
e.g. As the buyers scramble around to buy more wheat,
the sellers will raise the price of wheat to ration out a
limited supply.
By paying attention to the two uses of the present and
past participles, you can avoid misunderstanding
while reading or lis-tening, and avoid making mistakes while
writing or speaking. Stu-dents often mistake a participle for a
verb so they make a lot of sentences with either no
predicate verb or more than ọne verb.
Exercise (adapted from Longman Preparation Course forthe
TOEFL)
indicate if the following sentences are correct (C) or
incor-rect (Ỉ). Give the reason why.
1) The chapters were taught by the professor this morningwill be
on next week’s exam.
2) The girl drinking coffee is my friend.
3) The pizza is served in this restaurant is the mostdelicious
one.
21
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
23/190
4) The child is playing in the garden is my son.
5) The story written by Paul appeared in the magazine,
6) The letters were posted yesterday will arrive on Monday.
7) The tip was offered by the customer was not accepted.
ỈV. Vocabulary Exercise
1) The workers ___________________ over each other
toget out of the burning factory.
2) With inflation,
prices __________________________ rise very quickly.
/3) She speaks French, English and G erm
an _____________
4) At our store Vietnamese bicycles are
to Vietnamese.
. nobody will buy them at todav’s price sothev just stay in the
store.
5) Conditions are very ________ _work in a
growing economy.
6) During the war, the governmentmeat and other foods.
for finding
7) Eachshort speech.
in the seminar had to give a
8) The prices in Vietnam are low prices in America.
to
9) After th e y _______________ ship you can take them
to your store.
the goods from -the
10). S h e __ 10 pairs of pants.
for 10 shirts and
22
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
24/190
11) The new ___________________ of furniture in
thisroom makes the room look bigger.
12) When they heard that there was a new issue of Doremon
comics coming out people _________________ to
the store to buy it for their children, or perhaps for
themselves.13) The recent ____________________ in the
exchange rate
made imported goods cheaper.
14) The __________ _____________ of wine,
women, andsong is often used to talk about the things that please
men.
15) Parents should ______ s ____________ a
lot with their
children so the children will be happy.16) A fte r a war it is
difficult t o ______________ án
economy to its previous state because of damage from bombs.
17) The _______________ of making banknotes is
verysimple, but requires special inputs that ordinary people are
not allowed to buy.
18) The lock _______________ is broken so I
can’t unlock my door.
OPTIONAL READING
*.From Central Planning to a Market Economy (adapted from
World Bank Development Report 1992)
Transforming a centrally planned economy into a
market economy requires complex reforms. There is no
experience to
guide current transitions. There is little disagreement that
the transitions have to be made, but there is much discussion
about in what sequence the reforms should be made.
23
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
25/190
The World Bank, recommends, the. following sequence
of
reforms. Early steps to stabilize the macro economy and let
the
market decide domestic and external sector prices in order
to give clear, accurate signals for economic activity. These
steps would be accompanied and followed by efforts to
improve
economic decision-making, reform trade policies and
build managerial skills and a strong financial -sector.
Privatization
. of large state enterprises would become the next prio rity
.
Protection would be cut and the economy would be opened to
foreign competition, first in goods markets and later in
capital
markets. Institution - building would be a basic theme from
the start and at all levels: The legal contractual system,
the
structure of ownership, and the roles of key organizations inthe
ecnomy would require reform.
Large-scale privatization would not happen at the start of
the sequence, but there would be early legal commitments
that would guarantee private ownership within a
reasonable time.
Reforms will require painful adjustments. Inflation and
unemployment will worsen as price controls are removed
and the real economic losses of some activities are revealed.
Political opposition may increase with these developments
and
with the rise in income inequality that comes after large
changes in the incentive structure. But progress in exports
and the
availability of consumer goods could soon follow. And, given
the
strong human resource level in Vietnam, prospects for growth
could be excellent.
central planning (n) kế hoạch tập trungcomplex (adj) phức
tạp
24
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
26/190
reform (n)
transition (n) sequence (n) to recommend (v)
signal (n)
to accompany (v) managerial (adj)
privatization (n)
priority (n) protection (n)
institution (n)
theme (n) contractual (adj)
ownership (n) large-scale (adj) commitment
(n)
adjustment (n) incentive (n) to reveal
(v) opposition (n)
prospect (n)
cải cách cải thiện
sự quá độ thứ tự, chuỗikhuyên, khuyến khích ; gỉới
thiệu
dấu hiệu, hiệu lệnh
kèm theothuộc người quản lý
tư nhân hóa [equitization =
cổ phần hóa] ưu tiên sự bảo hộ
tổ chức, thể chế, cơ sở
chủ đềtheo hợp đổng
sở hữu quy mô lớn cam kết
sự điều chỉnh khuyến khích bộc lộ, phát giác
sự đối lập triển vọng
25
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
27/190
Chapter II. HISTORY
Unit 4. ADAM SMITH (1723 - 1790)
(from Economics Made Simple by Murray Seeger)
The first great theorist of economics was Adam Smith. His
most famous book is called The Wealth of Nations. One of
the
reasons Smith is so important is that he wrote at the time
when
industrial society was beginning to replace agricultural
society.
From his observations, Smith produced several
major hypotheses.
Smith said man was mainly worried about his ownseif-interest.
When many people are working in their self-interest, all of society
benefits. Each merchant, each factory owner, each worker tries
to make his own life richer. In
competing with each other, men and women produce more than
they would if they were guided by some kind of charitable
concept. People who work for their personal interests are
guided by an "invisible hand" to produce wealth for all.
Smithrecognized the basic motivation of human nature and set
therule that free competition is healthy and productive in the
economy.
Smith’s second idea was that wages were determined by
the amount of money it took to bring a worker to a factory
and
keep him there. He was less sure how profits were
determined,
but suggested that profits were made by workers producing
morethan it cost to pay their wages.
Smith’s third idea was that free trade within a society
and between different countries was essential to produce
wealth. An
26
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
28/190
open trading system enables countries to specialize
in producing certain items, items that they were most
efficient atmaking. This was called the division of labor and the
law ofspecialization. Smith concluded that the role of government
wasto ensure that the trading system remained open and free.
wealth (n)
observation (n)major (adj)
hypothesis (n)
self-interest (n)
to benefit (v)
merchant (n)to guide (v)charitable (adj)concept
(n)invisible-hand (n)
motivation (n) productive (adj)trade (n)to enable (v)
to specialize (v)item (n)efficient (adj)to ensure (v)
to remain (v)
I. Comprehension Questions
1. Who is Adam Smith?
2. Do any historical- factors writings important?
sự giàu có
sự quan sátchủ yếu, chínhgiả thuyết
tự lợij lợi ích cá nhân
lợi ích
nhà buônchỉ dẫntế bần, nhân đạoquan niệm, khái niệm
bàn táy vô hình
sự thúc đẩy
năng suất, có hiệu quả
thương mạicho phép, làm cho có thểchuyến môn hóachi tiết, mục,
khoản
có hiệu quả
đảm bảo
vẫn, còn lại
play a part in making Smith’s
27
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
29/190
3. According to Smith, what was man concerned -about?
4. Do people make contributions to society when'they
are working in their self-interest?
5. What does people try to do in their lives?
6. According to the passage, what does "the basic motivationof
human nature" refer to?
7. What did Smith think of free competition?
8. According to Smith, what determined wages?
9. Did he know exactly how profits were determined?
10. How did he think profits were made?
1Ỉ. What does the division of labor mean?
12. What did Smith think was the function of governmenin the
economic life of a nation?
11. Give the root of the .following words
1) motivation
2) productive3) agricultural
4) observation
5) worried
6) charitable
7) personal8) competition
9) division
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
30/190
10) specialization
11) theorist
12) industrial
III. Grammatical Point: Linking verbs
w.e usually use adverbs to modify verbs, but with certain
verbs we can use adjectives: These verbs are called linking
verbs. Verbs of this kind include :be, seem, appear, look,
sound,
taste, smell, feel, remain, become, grow, etc: We use these
verbs
to describe the subject of the sentence, and not the action
of
the verbs.
e,g. Smith concluded tha t the role of government wasto ensure
that the trading system remained open
and free.
She is kind.
She looks beautiful.
The meat tastes delicious.
Note: Be careful ! because some of these verbs are
notalways linking verbs:
Our love will never grow oỉd.(grow as a linking verb)
The tree grew rapidly- (grow not a linking verb)
Exercise: (extracted from English Grammar in U|le)
Choose the correct word (adjective or adverb)1) Please shut the
door (quiet/quietly).
. 2) Can you be (quiet/quietiy), please?
29
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
31/190
3) This soup tastes (nice/nicely).
4) Tom cooks veiy (good/well).
5) Don’t go up that ladder !. It doesn’t look (safe/safely)
6) We were relieved that he arrived (safe/safely) after hislong
journey.
7) Do you feel (nervous/nervously) before examinations?
8) Hurry u p ! You're always so (siow/slowly).
9) He looked at me (angry/angrily) when I interrupted him.
10) That chair looks (comfortable/comfortably).
IV. Vocabulary Exercises
1) Through h e r _______________ of farming in
Vietnamshe could see that women do most of the back-breaking
work.
2) While she was away, the
door ______________ open allday but nobody went in
to steal anything.
3) Those workers are veiy
_ ______________ _ becausetheir
income depends on how many shirts they make not justhow many hours
they work.
4) T h e ________________ in c ho Ion sell many
differentgoods and earn a lot of money.
5) Group of people who help the poor can be
called ____ _________organizations.
6) It is difficult to choose because 'there are so
manydifferent ___________________ in the store.
7) She uses her great ______ : _____
to pay for orphans (children with no parents) to go to
school.
30
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
32/190
8) ___ ______________ between
countries is very useful because then each country can obtain
technology and ideas fromother countries.
9) W hen she finishes studying at the university her parents
will _ ______________________a lot because she will
have a highsalary with which to support them.
10) The pair of pants he tried to make were ugly but the
shirts he makes are very nice and he can make them very
quicklysince h
e ____________ _ _______ _ __
in shirt-making.
11) Petroleum is a _____
_ ___________ export item.
12) She doesn’t like to work. Her
only _________________ for going to work every day is the
high salary.
13) The market is a difficult
________ _________ tounderstand
because it means more than just the place where
trade happens.
14) The ________________________ of the market
ensuresthat what people demand is supplied and what people supply
is
demanded.
15) As she ________________ him through Van Mieu
shetalked about Vietnamese history.
16) The research proved the
scientist’s _________ _______ _________________ was
incorrect.
17) The machine is very .________________, it doesn’t
use a lot of electricity or raw materials. -
18) She is very poor and doesn’t have enough money togo to the
university but the scholarship she received will
_____ _________ . ______ her to
study at the university.
31
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
33/190
19) People usually work hard because of their own
____________ ______ , not because it
"will benefit society
20) We use high quality materials and skilled workers
to ______ ______ the high quality of our
goods. •
Unit 5. ROERT MALTHUS (1766 - 1834)
(adapted from Economics Made Simple by Seeger and The
Language
of Economics by Guarino)
In the early years of the Industrial Revolution, the
most obvious fact of life in Western Europe was the terrible
poverty among the masses. Only rarely, and for short periods
did their
living standards exceed subsistence levels. Most of them
were hungry, badly clothed and poorly housed. Ah explanation
of this picture of continual despair and misery was provided
by Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus. In 1798, his Essay on
the
Principle o f Population as it Affects the Future
Improvement o f Society was published. Its effect
on economic thought was sogreat that economics began to be called
the "dismal science".
Mai thus’ main hypothesis was that the chief control on
the size of the population was the supply of food. When the
supply of food increased, the number of new babies "would rise
faster than food available to feed them. Man was trapped in
this cycle of producing too many people for the food supply.
The result was starvation, especially for poor families, a
reduction in population and a renewal of the cycle. Besides
starvation, sickness and war coulcTreduce the number of mouths
to feed and adjust the population to the output of food.
We know now that improvements in technology can increase
food supply faster than population, but poor
32
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
34/190
distribution of the food supply means that starvation can
still
act as a control on population and Mai thus’ theory is
still
relevant for parts of the world.
/. Comprehension Questions
1. How did the common people in Western Europe live in
the early years of the Industrial Revolution?2. How did Maỉthus’
Essay on the Principle of
Population as it Affects the Future Improvement
of Society influence economic thought?
obvious (adj) poverty (n)
the masses (n)to exceed (v) subsistence (n)despair (n)
misery (n)
principle (n)to affect (v)
dismal (adj)to feed (v) '
to trap (v)
cycle (n)
starvation (n)reduction (n)
renewal (n)
to adjust (v) to reduce (v)
distribution (n) relevant (adj)
rõ ràng nghèo đói
quần chúng nhân dânvượt quátự cung tự cấpthất vọng
nghèo khổ
nguyên tầctác động, ảnh hường
tối tăm, mù mịtnuôi
bẫy
chu kỳ
sự đói, thiểu ănsự giảm, thư nhỏ
tiếp tục lại, đổi mới, gia hạn
điều chỉnhgiảmsự phân bố
thích hợp, liên quan
33
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
35/190
3. According to Malthus, what was the main factor thatdetermined
the size of population?
4. What happened when the population increased fasterthan food
supply?
5. According to Maỉthus’ theory what could lower population
size?
6. How can food supply be increased?
7. What do we have to do to prevent starvation?
II. Intransitive — no direct object
- decrease increase- fall rise
- diminish grow
///. Transitive — direct object
- reduce raise
- decrease increase- diminish
As you can see, many of these words can be used with orwithout a
direct object. However, fall and rise are never usedwith a direct
object, and reduce and raise are never used without
a direct object.
Correct the following sentences if they are wrong:
1. My boss wants to rise my salary because I work very
hard.
2. Prices are reducing.
3. The size of his company is diminishing.
34
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
36/190
4. The city is growing. ■
5. That company must fall pollution.
6. The sun is raising.
7. Production is falling because the workers are quitting.8.
Their income must raise or else they will leave their jobs.
9. The size of this class is increasing.
10. They decreased their consumption of sugar and fat to
stay healthy.
///. Grammatical point
Inversion of the subject and verb after negatives, (adapted
from Longman Preparation for the TOEFL)
When negative expressions such as no, not, or never come
at the beginning of a sentence, the subject and verb are
inverted.
e.g. Not once did I miss a lesson. Never has Mr. Jones
taken a vacation.
At no time can the woman talk on the telephone.
In the first example the negative expression not once causesthe
subject I to come after the helping verb did. In the secondexample,
the negative word never causes the subject Mr. Jones
to come after the helping verb has. In the last example, the
negative expression at no time causes the subject the woman
to come after the helping verb can. Note that like negative
sentences,
the helping verb to do is used in these inverted sentences.
When
never or ever is used the present perfect should be used
Certain words in English, such as seldom, rarely, hardly,
barely, scarcely, and only, act like negatives when they
refer to
35
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
37/190
time. If we put one of these words. at the beginning of
a sentence, we also have to invert the subject and verb.
e.g. Only rarely and for short periods did their
living standards exceed subsistence.Seldom has she made such a
mistake.
Exercise:
Indicate if the following are correct (c) or incorrect (i).
If the sentence is incorrect, then correct it.
1. Never the boy has written to his sister.
2. Only once in my life have I gone tơ India.
3. Hardly ever it snows in this part of the country.4. On no
occasion did they say that to me.'
5. Seldom has a meeting lasted so long.
6. Rarely he has overslept.
7. Never I will visit her again.
8. Only once has my mother punished my little brother.
TV. Vocabulary Exercise
1) They live in
__ _____________________ because
theirincome is too low and they don’t know how to earn more
money.
2) The ; _________ ___________ in
salary made it dif-ficult for them to buy toys for their
children.
3) In Somalia many people don’t have enoiigh food andthere is
widespread ___________________ 1
4) They couldn’t __________________ the mouse so
theyhad to buy a cat.
36
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
38/190
f 5) The company
should _ __________ _______the
wagesỒÓthey are closer to the cost of living.
6) After her husband died, she lived
in ______ _ ______ _ _ _____ .
homeless, starving, cold, and with no hope for the future.
7) She wears dirty, oỉd clothes and begs for her living, it
is , _____ that she is very poor.
8) It is a __________________ of poverty in
which the parents are poor, they have a lot of children, they
become
poorer...
9) When your motorcycle permit expires you must ask
for
a ___________________ so you can continue to
ride.
10) School c a n _________________ your future by
teachingskills that will help you find a job.
11) They ___________________ their children
rice andvegetables, but little meat
12) The government must satisfy the needs of the
, __________________ so their will be political
stability.
13) Studying nuclear physics is n o
t __________________ for a child who will grow up to be a
farmer.
14) Their expenses ___________
_ _________ their income,so they always have to
borrow money.
15) Living at a ___________________ level means
having
almost enough food to eat, but nothing extra.
16) Two important _____ _____________ in
life are to treatpeople with respect and to be honest.
37
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
39/190
17) T h e _________________ _ of
income in that countryis very unequal because there are a few very
rich people andmany very poor people.
18) That is a very__________ ______ _____-
looking house,
it’s dirty, has few windo-ws, and looks like it is about to fall
down.19) Victor Hugo wrote about t h e
____ ___ _____________
of poor people in France.
20) If the government ___________________ spending
onschools, it will be very bad for the future of the country.
(>. KARL MARX (1818 - 1863)
(adapted from Economics Made Simple by Seeger)
The international revolutionary communist movement tookits
theories from Marx and his associate, Friedrich Engels.Together
they wrote the Communist Manifesto. Marx and Engelswere shocked by
what they had seen in the new industrial citiesof England and
Germany. The new factories were grim placeswhere men, women and
children worked long hours for poor pay
in unsafe conditions.
In Marx’s view, such conditions were normal for thecapitalist or
free enterprise society. Marx argued that the worldwas controlled
by businessmen (or capitalists) who prosperedonly by exploiting
workers and holding them in a lower class
position. All wealth was generated by workers and the
existingsociety could only function as long as workers were taken
ad-
vantage of and held in economic slavery. The idea that
workersactually created more value from their production than
theyreceived in wages is one that Marx may have taken from
AdamSmith. The surplus value was taken by the capitalists.
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
40/190
Marx went further than other economists who just wrotetheories,
he urged action. He believed workers should take con-trol of the
economic system, eliminating social and economicclasses and the
system of private property. To Marx, the system
of private property was the source of capitalist power.Marx’s
ideas improved the study of economics. After Marx,
economists became more scientific in their studies and
showedmore concern for the cost humans pay because of
industrial
progress.
associate (n or adj)
Manifesto (n)
grim (adj)
to argue (v)
to prosper (v)
to exploit (v)
to generate (v)
to function (v)
to take advantage of (v)
slavery (n)
surplus (adj or n)
to urge (v)
to eliminate (v)
property (n)
source (n)
bạn đổng sự, cộng tác viên
bản tuyên ngôn
tàn ĩịhẫn, khắc nghiệt
tranh luận rằng, cho rằng
ỉàm giàu
bóc lột
sinh ra
chức năng
lợi dụng
cảnh nô lệ
thặng dư
dẫn chứng, đề xuất, thụyết phục
loại ra, loại trừ
tài sản, bất động sản
nguồn gổc
39
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
41/190
/. Comprehension Questions
Ị. Whose theory was the international revolutionary
communist movement based on?
2. How was the iife of workers in England and Germany
in Marx and Engel’s time? How did this situation affect
them?
3. Did Marx analyze workers’ working conditions in
capitalist society?
4. According to Marx, how did capitalists get rich?
5. Who produced the wealth?
6. According to Marx, what would happen to capitalist
society if workers were not taken advantage of and not held
in economic slaveiy?
7. Where did the surplus value come from?
8. What did Marx do besides writing theories?
9. According to Marx, why should workers eliminate the
system of private property?
10. What was Marx’s influence on the study of economics?
11. Grammatical Point
* We can use as long as to express conditions in adv
clauses instead of using if. This expression means but only
if and is always followed by a clause. Other expressions
with the
same meaning are provided that or providing that, only if.
e.g. - The existing society could only function as long
asworkers were taken advantage of and held in economic
slavery.
40
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
42/190
- You can ask me some questions as long as it doesn’t
take too long.
* As long as (or so long as) can also be used to
mean during all that time, from beginning* to end.
e.g. - I will never speak to him as long as I live.- I have
lived in this house as long as I have livedin Hanoi.
* -As long as can also mean because.
e.g. - As long as you’re not busy; could you help me with
this work?
- As long as it’s such a nice day, why don’t you gofor a
walk?
Exercise:
In the following sentences, rewrite the sentence using
alternative words or expressions to make clear which meaningof
as long as is being used.
1) As long as the movie is free, let’s go to see it.2) She will
accept the job as long as she can have three
weeks of vacation per year.
3) As long as I live in Hanoi my parents will not come tovisit
me because it is too far and costs too much to come.
4) They will get married as long as their parents approve.
5) As long as it’s raining, I think I’I] stay at home to
work.
6) They will only do their homework as long as they have
to, when it’s optional they won’t do it.
41
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
43/190
7) As long as the dinner is already cooked you should stay
to eat.
8) As long as she is sick she will have to stay in hospital.
IỈL Voca bulary Exercise1) When you have to work with no
pav it is the same'as
2) Taxes are a __________________ of income for
the
government
3) He has two business __________________ who
work
very closely with him.
4) When a company forces workers to work veĩy hard for
very little pay that company is _______________ it’s
workers.,
5) She faces a _________________ future because
she
never went to school and can’t read or write.
6) His parents______________________him to study busi-
ness because they thought it would be the best thing for his
fu-ture.
7) She ____________________ that increasing the
number
of companies in the economy would increase competitiveness.
8) His work as a cycỉo
driver ________ ■ ____________ a lot
Cif income because he could speak English and find a lot of
foreign passengers.
9) When you meet a foreigner you
should ____________ _
____________________________ of the opportunity to
practice
speaking English.
42
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
44/190
10) He controls a lot of
different _________________ ______ including a
factory on Ho a Ma street and 5 houses onTran Xuan Soan street.
11) Marx's
_ ______________ ___ described the
principles
of communism.
12) If the price is too high, supply will exceed demand andthere
will be a __________________ .
13) They started a company a n d
________________ ___ . Now they have 3 houses
and a car.
14) If the company eỉoses down that will
_ ___________ _ ___
____ 150 jobs, and increase unemployment.15) My
motorcycle is n o t ___________________ so I have
to go by bicycle.
Unit 7. KEYNES (1883 - 1946)(from Economics Made
Simple by Seeger)
John Maynard Keynes was a teacher and governmentofficial whose
main theory, Tke General Theory of Enwloyment,
Interest , and Monev, offered a way for governments
to break what was known as the business cycle. He refused to
accept thatit was unavoidable for an economy to go through a period
of
slow activity (a recession or depression) after a period
of growth and rapid activity. Traditional economists
beforeKeynes felt that governments had to let such economic cvcles
-
continue without interfering.
When an economy slowed, the older economists said the best
thing to do was to lower workers’ wages. That would
enable businesses to lower prices and to encourage people to
buy again.
43
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
45/190
When people were, buying, demand was created
and-factories could operate to make the economy grow. Keynes
said such a strategy -was unfair to workers and would force
thèm to reduce their standard of living. Instead, Keynes
suggested that govern-ments should spend money to stimulate
demand.
A government could build roads, water systems,
new buildings, or give money to people who had no jobs. This
was
another way to create demand, by putting money into the
hands
of people who were likely to spend it. In the end result
would
be the same, demand would rise.
Keynes’ Theory has been the most influential overall
scheme of economics in the modem era. Nevertheless,
Keynes’
theory has been criticized particularly for causing a rapid
rise
of prices (inflation). But like all great thinkers, Keynes is
so
important that one cannot study market economics
without
reading his work.
interest (n) ỉợito offer (v) bày ra bán
to break (v) thay đổi; phá vỡ to refuse (v) từ
chốiunavoidable (adj) không thể tránh được
recession (n) stiy thoá4
( t p n & G depression (n) đặi suy thoáiỉỹ
traditional (ađj) theo truyền thống,
[classical = oổ điển]
to interfere (v) can thiệp vàoto create (v) tạo rato operate (v)
hoạt íỉộngstrategy (n) chiến lược
to o
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
46/190
unfair (adj)
to stimulate (v)system (n)likely (adv)
influential (adj)
overall (adj)scheme (n)
era (n)to criticize (v) *
bất công
kích thích, khụyến khíchhệ thốngcó thể
ảnh hưởng
toàn bộsự phối hợp, kế hoạchthời đại
phê bình, phê phán crih'c&J (eU ịJ
I. Comprehension Questions
1) What did Keynes’ theoiy offer?
2) What strategy for dealing with the business cycle
dideconomists before Keynes use?
3) How did Keynes disagree with their strategy?
4) What was Keynes’ strategy?
5) What did Keynes suggest as a way to increase demand
in the economy?
6) How important is Keynes’ theory?
7) What criticfem has been made about Keynes’ theory?
//. Grammatical Point
Gerund use after prepositions:
If a verb follows a preposition it must be followed by the
gerund form, i. e. the noun formed by adding to a verb.e. g.
Before going out I phone my husband.
Without getting an increase in salaiy I will quit.
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
47/190
Note:
Be careful with the prepostion "to”. Because this
preposition
is part of the infinitive form of the verb, when an infinitive
follows
the conjugated verb the gerund will not follow "to".
e.g. I want to play tennis, [want is one o f the verbs
thatrequires the infinitive form of the verb to follow it]
Complete the following sentences:
1) Susan is in charge o f ___________________
the meeting.
2) You are capable o
f ______________ bette r work.
3) James is not interested
in ________________________
for a new job.
4) The heavy rain prevented us
from __________________ _______ to the
cinema.
5) Thank you f o r __________________ me cany
the packages to the post office.
6) Laura had a good reason for n o
t ____________________
to class yesterday.
7) I apologized to Jane for ________________
wait foy me.
Correct the following sentences:
1) Tom left without drink tea.
2) She went to the store after finish class.
3) She is very good at play tennis.4) Are you interested in work
for a foreign company?
5) This book is for teach microeconomics.
46
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
48/190
6) She paid for her class by work as a waitress.
7) By learn English she increased her ability to find a job.
8) Instead of go to the Metropoỉe we ate at home.
9) He was angry with me for be late,10) In spite of hurt her
hand, she cooked dinner.
// / . Vocabulary Exercises
1) In th e ___________ after the cold war there were
many
regional ware.
2) The government
______________ ________ jobs
for unemployed people during the depression.
3) I t is __________________ to allow your sons to go
to the'
university but not your daughters.
4) The G re a t _____________________ that began in
1929affected the whole world.
5) Our company wants to _
____________ _ y°u a jobwith a salary of
$250 per month.
6) H is _______________ for becoming rich was to copy
paintings from famous artists and sell them as if they
were theoriginals.
7) H is ___ ________ ■ - _ V .. for finding
a wife is to
ask his brother and sister to invite single women from their
offices over for dinner when he is visiting.
8) The price o f capital for investment is th
e ____________ ______ rate.
47
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QUY
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQUY
WW.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM
ng góp PDF bởi GV. Nguyễn Thanh Tú
D
I
Ễ
N
Đ
À
N T
O
Á
N
L
Í
H
Ó
A
1
0
0
0
B
T
R
Ầ
N
H
Ư
N
G
Đ
Ạ
O
T
P
.
Q
U
Y
N
H
Ơ
N
-
8/20/2019 ENGLISH IN ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS - HANOI NATIONAL
ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
49/190
9) It is n o t ____________ _ thatfSheftrill
wantto see you again after you were so rude to her. . r; ;
10) The ' ________________ dress o f Vietnam is theao
dai.
11) A
_____ _ ___________ _ is
similar to a depression butnot as bad.
12) When her boss _________________ her he
always
praises her for the things she did right before he tells
her what
she did wrong. -
13) When he asked her to many him she _ ______
_ because she was in love with another man.
14) She is a very ____________________ person'
because
of her high education and friends in the government;
15) If he doesn’t know how to _____ ‘ .
that
machine he might be hurt. ; (
16) Parents should n o t _________________ too
much in
the lives of their adult children.
17) The government can _
employment by urging privateindividuals to start companies.
18) It i s _________ __
_ ______ that children
up and become independent of their parents.
19) The _ ______________ level of
English in this class
is quite high, but inspeaking it is still a bit weak.
20) In Vietnam a _____________; _______ for collecting
in-
dividual income taxes does not exi