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LESSON 1: HOW TO READ ENGLISH NEWSPAPER

Keys to Lesson

1. Happy are those who know the pleasure of reading.

Great was their joy when they heard the announcement.Basic to the IOC decision was Seouls readiness in facilities.

2. You help (to) wash the dishes. Ill help repair the car.They worked very hard to help build a better society.It would help promote better relations with North Korea.

3. Having finished my homework, I have nothing particular to do.Having received no answer from him, I wrote again.Having already hosted two Olympics, they should be proud.

4. I was delighted to find the book I had given up for lost.He was surprised to hear of his brothers failure.They were shocked to learn Seoul was chosen to host the games.

5. The delegation attended the meeting, sure of their success.I moved back from the window, afraid of being seen.

They returned full of enthusiasm for the facilities in Seoul.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Baden-badenInternational Olympic Committee(IOC)

Ballotsecret ballot -cast [take] a ballot

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Rival -without a rivalNagoyaJuan Antonio SamaranchKurhausTurnaround

Melbourne -withdraw $ 100 from a bankwithdraw ones statement withdrawal

federationenthusiasm - show enthusiasm for - < enthusiasticfacility(=ease) - sports facilitiestransportation facilitiesCanadianCalgarySpaSole(=only)Absenteeabsentee voteBlocwithout reservationBoycottChampionshipMontralIntervention - < intervene

AfghanistanPromote - promote world peace -

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Exitan emergency exitmake ones exit.Shockshocked atBombshellBy a large marginStablestable occupation -

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Last : until leaf : feel large : global leader : appeal

-sen, -zen, -son

Chosen, risen, citizen, dozen, reason, season

Candidacy, celebrate, commentatorCommunist, journalismAudacity, committee, enthusiasmDiplomatic, disappointment, opportunity, representative.

B. Word Power:

-ship -, -or, -see, -ist

Championship, sportsmanship, friendship, leadershipscholarship, fellowship, citizenship, relationshipCommentator, spectator, professor, governor, actor,Communist, columnist, journalist, Buddhist, artist

Absentee, employee, examinee, interviewee, refugee

* the host countrythe 1988 Olympic Games 1988the Asian Games -The Olympic symbolthe opening ceremonythe Olympic flamedeclare the games open

Korea will be the host country of the 1988 Olympic Games.Seoul will also host the Asian Games in 1986.The Olympic symbol represents five continents.

At the opening ceremony the athletes enter in alphabetical order. But the athletes of the host country enter last.

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When the Olympic flame is lighted with a torch carried form Greece, the host countrys chiefOf state declares the games open.

C. Useful Expressions:

by amarginby a large marginby a narrow margin-

1.Seoul was awarded the games by a large margin.Our team won the game by a narrow margin.The IOC selected Seoul by an overwhelming vote.> Our baseball team won the game by a large margin.

be held, be stage, take place-

2. The 1988 winter Olympics will heldin Calgary.The1988 summer Olympics will be stagedin Seoul.The graduation ceremony will take placetomorrow morning.> Our club meeting was heldlast Saturday.

in view of - close

3. The vote was expected to be much closerin view ofthe Soviet bloc reservation about staging the dames in.Seoul.I n view ofthese facts, we had to give up the whole idea.I n view ofhis poor health, we asked him to stay home.> I n view ofthese facts, we decided to put off our plan.

appeal to, appeal for(=charm, fascinate, attract)

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4. Seouls candidacy appealed tothe IOC officials on two points.This kind of film will not appeal tothe public.This plan had great appeal forthe Third World.> His songs appealed to young people.

launchhave the audacity to

5. They wouldnt have the audaci ty tolaunch an attack on us.The BBC launchedthe worlds first public television service.They launcheda new business in the field of engineering.> They launchedan attack on us on June 25, 1950.

D. Grammar Review:

- It-for-toI twas great honorforKoreans toget the 1988 games.I twas necessary forthe mayortomake a comment.Is there any need foryou tohurry?

He called loudly foreveryone tohear.

-to show- the man.

The manoffered to showme the way.

- to waityou- it -

I want youto waitfive more minutes.

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I tis wiser to make no reply to angry words.

LESSON 2: POLLUTION AND THE DEATH OF NATURE

Keys to the Lesson:

1. Who is to blame for the traffic accident?The pilots are not to blame for the air crash.Industry is to blame for most of the pollution that exists.

2. Whatever orders he gives should be obeyed.He can make whatever repairs are needed.

Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature.

3. We did it not because we wanted to but because we had to.I failed not because I was unlucky but because I was lazy.Robins die, not because we spray them directly but because poison travels through the food chain.

4. Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.

Follow these dos and dont, I dont want any ifs or buts. We cannot live without air. Pure air is a must.

5. He thought of himself as one of the best painters.She always thought of her son as being very young.We thought of pollution as meaning simply smog.

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VOCABULARY WORDS

Pollutionair pollutionatmospheric pollutionwater (river) pollutionDeathdeath penaltydeath rateNaturethe laws of nature

Take care ofEx. We must take care of the earth.Generationalternation of generationsgeneration gap-PreserveQualitythe quality of loveEnvironmentAs long asPlanetmajor planetsminor planet(=the earth).Rebirth

Inevitablean inevitable conclusionRecklessreckless drivingGreedAchievementHeritageFaceDestructiondestroy.

PretendCommunityPoisonpoison gas - < poisonous.Taste [teist]LiterallyBreathebreathe ones last [breath] - < breath.Civilization - civilize.Smog [smag] -

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Endanger -

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Come underIdentifyidentify a dead body -

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As though (-as if)Eat awayPollutantLawnkeep off the lawnRot

All in allEx. All in all the novel was success.Blame[bleim]Be blame forPourReleaseDustWheelManufacturemanufactured goods

Consumeran association of consumersconsumer (s) goods - consumer strikeEndless [endlis]Wear outDispose ofThrow awayBillionbillionsbillions of starsCancan opener

StackHarmonyin harmony witWaste [weist] - a box of the waste.AbsorbGet rid ofReducePolluterTake action

Be u to cover over

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*FURTHER STUDIES*

A. Pronunciation, Stress, and Intonation:

[ju:]

[ju:] : community, cumulative, fame, human, pure, refuse[ju:] or [u:] : pollution, produce, enthusiasm, new due

Heritage, oxygen, pesticide, literally, poisonousEcology, detergent, identify, survive, contaminate

Biological, altogether, manufacture, interventions

B. Word Power:

Smoke + fog = smog, lion + tiger = tigerTelevision + broadcast = telecastMoon + landscape = moonscape

com-, con- - com - conCom-, con = together, withCommunity, committee, company,Communicate, compromiseCongress, concert, conversationConnect, concentrate

pollution

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Seoul is under serious air pollution and water pollution.The Han River is heavily polluted with various pollutants.Should we breathe the polluted air and drink the polluted water?Noise pollution is another environmental pollution.

Industrial polluters should take some action.And we must soft detergents instead of hard detergents.


by accident(=accidentally, by chance, inadvertently). Opp. On purpose

1. A tanker may spill oil by accidentduring a collision.Excuse me. I did it by accident, not on purpose.If by chance you meet him, tell him what I told you.> I meet him by chance on my way home from school.

get rid of

2. Can you get rid ofpollution altogether?They tried to get rid ofthis foolish custom.How can I get rid ofmy bad pronunciation?> You must get r id ofyour bad habits.

dispose of3. Worn-out goods must be disposed of, but how and where?

Can you dispose ofthese old newspapers for me?

They had difficulty in disposing ofso many used bottles.

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> How are you going to dispose ofthese wastes?

all in all

4. All in all, industry is responsible for the most of the pollution.

He has his faults, but all in all, hes a valuable worker.All in all, we had a good time at the party.> All i n all, his new novel was a success.

be up to

5. The choice is up toall of us.Its up toyou whether you (decide to) go to college or not.

Its up tous (to choose) when to open the Seoul Olympics.> The decision is entirely up toyou.

D. Grammar Review:

He graduated (was graduated) from this high school.My cap blew off (was blown off) by a strong wind.

Ice formed (was formed) on the windowpane.

Who is to blame for the accident? The driver is. How does this book sell? It sells very well.

wear well(=last under use)

This science book reads like a novel.

This knife cuts well and this cloth wears wel l.

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This paper doesnt tear easily.

LESSON 3: CREATIVE JUSTICE

Keys to the Lesson:

1. Thirsty or not, you cant drink this polluted water. Tired or not, youll have to finish this work by five. Willingly or not, he has to associate with tough criminals.

2. Bent on mastering English, Ive been studying very hard.Concerned about her sons safety, she couldnt sleep.Bent on revenge, many refuse any sort of compensation.

3. John found his dog chained to the wall.They want to see the guilty punished and society protected.They want the criminals locked up in the old- fashioned way.

4. The shows was far from (being) a failure; it was a great success.The newspaper accounts are far from 9being0 true.

The idea of compensation is far from (being) new.

5. They were sentenced to pay for the crime.The professor was ordered to write a long essay.They were condemned to work in mental hospitals.

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VOCABULARY WORDS

Punishmentinflict a punishment on an offendercapital punishmentcorporal punishmentdivine punishmentJail -break jailin jailpolice jailAncientancient civilization.

Criminal - a habitual criminalthe criminal lawWidespreadwidespread methodWrongdoerInnocent -

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Forger(=counter-feiter)ShoplifterTraffic - heavy traffictraffic controltraffic light- traffic signWhat they call(=what one calls; what is called).Convictconvicted prisonerconvict a person of murder

Condemncondemn a person to deathcondemn a person to be hanged.At ones own expense.Emergencyemergency call -emergency door (exit)emergency staircase..EquipmentDishonestopp. HonestTeenagerSnatchPurse = the public purse

Mental [mentl]mental disorder -mental hospitalopp. Physical.Snowballsnowball fight-Cancercancercancer of the stomach - < cancerous.Arrestunder arrest.Protest [proutest]protest against increased taxationCivil [sivil]civil administrationcivil disobedience -civil lawcivil rightsDisobedience

Forge(=counterfeit)Druga drug addict- the drug habitFine [fain]CreativityLawbreakingContributionmake contributionsRetainFederalthe federal Constitutionthe Federal Government.

Guidelines

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Preventfrom-ingEx. Business prevented him from going.Resistance - a line of resistancepassive resistanceBent on(=determined). Ex. She is bent on going.Revenge(=vengeance),Locklock up a prisoner in a cell

Old- fashionedin the old-fashioned wayJustCommunitycommunity collegecommunity propertyReformreform schoolsocial reform.

*FURTHER STUDIES*


gh

Though, rough, laugh, enough, coughThorough, through, though, high, weigh

a

Ancient, angel, April, AsianAncestor, anger, apple, aspect

accent

He was arrested in a protest demonstration.

He protested that he was innocent.

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A convict is a person convicted of crime.

Injury, innocent, victim, criminal, compensate, otherwiseAlternative, emergency, resistance, associate, offense,Disobedience, creativity, individual, compensation

B. Word Power:

make trouble -troublemakingtroublemaker,Build shipshipbuildingshipbuilder

Do wrongwrongdoingwrongdoerBreak a lawlawbreakinglawbreaker

Lift a shopshopliftingshoplifter

prosecutor -attorneywitnessdefendant- plaintiff

A murder case is now on trial at a district court.Three judges enter: a chief judge and two associate judges.The suspect was arrested and accused of murder.

The court will judge the accused guilty or innocent.If convicted of murder, he can appeal to the court of appeal.The judges at the Supreme Court are called justices.


do someone good (harm) / do someone much good (harm)

1. Prison doesnt doanyone any good.

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Be careful; too much exercise will do you harm.Milk does you goof, but wine does you harm.> The medicine didnt do him any good.

at ones (own) expense

2. He has to fix the teeth of the poor at his own expense.He went abroad at his own expense, not at public expense.He finished his work at the expenseof his health.> My father made a trip around the world at his own expense.

at the wheelbe at the wheel

3. He injured another person while he was at the wheel.Dont speak to the man at the wheel; this is a must.He is at the wheelof the company.> My uncle was at the wheelall the way to Pusan.

raise money for

4. He helped raise money forthe Red Cross.They are selling Christmas seals to raise money forthe sick.Lets help raise funds for the cure of cancer.> Lets raise money forthe flood victims.

compensate someone for

5. He must compensate him forthe loss of working time.

Nothing can compensate (us) forthe loss of our their injuries at wok?

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Does the company compensate them forthe damage?> Who is going to compensate them forthe damage?

D. Grammar Review:

It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoers in jail.I do want to go, Mom. OK. But do be quiet! Do stop talking, boys. I do hope youll listen to me.

very, quiet, right, just.

The value of this form of justice is now being questioned by the verymen who have to apply it: the judges.

Thats the veryquestion I wanted to ask.This is the veryplace we first met last fall.I hit upon a new idea at that verymoment.

LESSON 4: A SATIRE ON GENETIC ENGINEERING

Keys to the Lesson:

1. Will it rain tomorrow? I hope not.Can you join us this afternoon? Im afraid not.Were not allowed to sell it to others. I should hope not.

2. If true, how glad I shall be.

If known to the world, it will be eye-opening news.

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If done right, the commercial possibilities are infinite.

3. Who made him so angry I have no idea.What you told me yesterday Ill keep in mind.Where the genetic research will lead no one knows.

4. Why, its quite! A child could do it.Im looking for my glasses; why, I was wearing them all day!Why, that looks exactly like Angie Dickinson!

5. A man stepped out from behind the tree.You may choose one from among the books on the table.A tall man in uniform came out from behind the screen.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Satire

Geneticgenetic engineeringArt BuchwaldControversybeyond controversy - < controversialRageHave to do with - cf. have nothing to do withGeneticistcf. geneticsOrganisma microscopic organismUnlockunlock door

Mess [mes]mess around with

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Come up with(=produce)WorrisomeContemplatecontemplate a problemNervousbe [fee] nervous aboutInfinite [infinit]infinite spaceopp. Finite

ShowroomInc. incorporatedco.company, ltd. LimitedJacket -a life jacketGross [grous](=total)Blonde [bland]Low-cut(=low-necked)ReplicaTurn out(=produce)

Textureclose textureskin textureSears, roebuckCataloguecard catalogueRobert RedfordAdvertisement - < advertise.Cosmopolitancosmopolitan -fashionBeret

ScreenDuplicate(=reproduce)duplicating paperMarine -marine productsmarine chartMarine Corpsthe MarinesBreakthroughInvinciblean invincible willinvincible ArmadaBackfieldLeaguemajor league(American League National League)Royalty

Nureyev

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Balletballet dancerDancera good dancerPromotionthe promotion of learningsales promotion -< promoteDeceive - < deceit, deception.LassiecollieLassie Come Home

Lab -laboratory - a chemical lab [laboratorylanguage lab [laboratory]Accidentallyopp. Intentionally. < accidental, accident.Gene -Jack the RipperDonkey(donkeys)Catastrophecatastrophic.Reproduce - < reproduction.Idi Amin

*FURTHER STUDIES*


balletberetletjet [et]bulletsonnet[it]

Ballet, beret /let, jet / bullet, sonnet

Catastrophe, philosophy, geography / photograph

Advertisement (Am)(Br) (Am)

Laboratory (Am)(Br)

Come up with, come out from behind, show us around

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Come out with, turn out, has to do with

I hope not, know nothing about, off the record.

B. Word Power:

Co. Company, Inc. Incorporation, ltd. limited

Laboratory: lab advertisement: ad professional: pro

The U.S. steel Co., Inc. / Alfred and Sons, ltd.

un-, -some

Lock: unlockpack, wrap, load, fold, cover, dressWorry: worrisometrouble, burden, quarrel, lonelyWe dont take orders for less than a gross. (12 dozen/144)

I met him a couple of weeks ago. (two)A score of people attended the meeting, (twenty)Weve met several times. (three or more/some but not many)


turn out -

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1. We can now turn out1,000 Lassies an hour.The factory is turning outconsumer goods.The university has turned outmany great scientists.> This factory can turn out100 cars a day.

show around

2. The salesman in a white jacket is showing us around.Ill show you aroundthe office and the factory.He was kind enough to show me aroundthe city.> The guide showed us aroundthe old palace.

off the record

3. Off the record?he asks. My lips are sealed, I say.Thepresidents comment was strictly off the record.He told us off the recordthat the company was doing badly.> He made a comment on it off the record.

mess around with

4. Theyre messing around withsomething they know nothing about.Be accurate. Dont mess around wi thyour work.He spent all weekend just messing around.> Dont mess around withyour school work.

take/receive orders for(=give/place an order for)

5. We dont take/receive orders forless than a gross.

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The company gave/ placed an order forten typewriters.Weve had backorders forsix months.> The company placed an order forten trucks.

D. Grammar Review:

for

I bought the bookfor3,000 won.I paid 3,000 won forthe book.They sell a pack of cigarettes for30 cents.You can get a good room at the hotel for40 dollars a day.You must pay 40 dollars a day forthat room.

for anythingfor nothingfor royalty

Nobody wants to that job for anything.I helped him with his workfor nothing.We are duplicating this model for r oyalty.

LESSON 5: JOB INTERVIEWS:

Keys to the Lesson:

1. To tell the truth l like her. To be honest, so do I.To sum up, hes honest. Yes, with us, to say the least.To begin with, it is not a good idea to be late.

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2. Tell me whether or not we should invite the Browns.I dont know whether or not Ill be able to do a good job.They know whether or not they want to hire the person.

3. Im not always at home on Sundays.

His writing is not altogether bad.He is not necessarily discouraged by your past failure.

4. Who does not know that the earth moves round the sun?How can I refuse such a good offer?What applicant is not nervous when being interviewed?

5. I want a secretary, preferably one who can speak English.

We want an assistant, preferably a young man.He should wear a suit, preferably not brown, and a tie.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Apply forapply for a jobapply for a raisecf. apply A to BApplicantan applicant for admission to a schoolat least -cf. at mostseekerjob seekers -< seek.Interviewerinterview.Personnela personal managerTake a place(=happen, be held). Ex. Changes have taken place.Negative- a negative answeropp. Affirmative

Disastrous -a disastrous accident - < disaster

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EssentialEx. Water is essential to life - < essence.Properlyproperly speaking.Alerton the alertContactbe in contact withSincerity -

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HonestyEx. Honesty is the best policy - < honest.DiscourageEx. Dont be discouraged. opp. Encourage . < discouragement.RsumIllegalopp. LegalGesture - < gesticulate.

Interview < intervieweeinterviewerCurious -< curiosity.

* FURTHER STUDIES*

A. Pronunciation, Stress and Intonation:

[ks] : eccentric, accept, accident, accent, successful[k] : accuse, accurate, accustom, account, according

Personal : personnel resume : resume glove : globeAdvice : advice : lose : lose

Job interview ob seeker personnel managerMagazine article nightclub entertainer college student

B. Word Power:

il-, ir-, im-, in-

Il-, ir-, im-, in- = not

Illegal, irrelevant, impossible, impatient, inseparable

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Modest : modesty honest : honesty safe : safetySincere : sincerity necessary : necessityProper : prosperity

Employ : employer : employeeInterview : interviewer : intervieweeApply : applicant seek : seeker advice : adviser.

job interviewpersonal interviewtelephone interviewpress interviewAsk for an interview (with)give an interview withgrant an interview

Is it a job interview or a personal interview?

He refused all telephone interviews on the subject.He said so off the record a press interview.The reporters asked for an interview with the President.So he gave an interview to/held an interview with the newsman.When will you grant me an interview?


Show up (= appear, be present at)

1. A nightclub entertainer may show upin a sexy dress.Although we waited until 10 oclock, he never showed up. Wrinkles began to show upon my mothers face.> Two members didnt show upat the meeting.

take the trouble(=take pains, make efforts)

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2. The applicants have taken the troubleto locate the office.Thank you for all the trouble youve taken to help me.Please dont take the troubleto see me off.> We must thank her fortaking all that trouble.

make sure + that, to (=ascertain).

3. The applicant should make sure thathe can locate the office.I made surethat the doors were all locked safe.Make sure to turnof fthe radio before you go out.> Make sure thatyou have enough gas in your car.

think highly of(opp. Think lightly of)

4. They dont think hi ghly ofthose who fail to come on time.I dont think hi ghly ofhim as a scholarDont think l ightly ofhis influence on modern art.> Critics think h ighly ofhis new novel.

apply for

5. When you apply for a job, you are going to be interviewed.When applying for a job, you must be honest and courteous.Ten people applied forthe position at the company.> How many people did apply forthe position?

D. Grammar Review:

* do, offer, the very, bottom, by far, no, whatever

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The books do offersome advice that deserves consideration.I found it at the verybottom of the box.It was cold yesterday, but its evencolder today.He is byfor the brightest student in our class.There is no doubt about it whatever.

What on earth are they doing at this time of night?

LESSON 6: THE MANY USES OF THE COMPANY

Keys to the Lesson:

1. I rely upon him to take care of such affairs.

You must not rely on me to help you whenever necessary.Many stores rely on computers to bill customers.

2. Do to others as you would have others do to you.Ill have every one of you understand what I mean>Companies have computers calculate their workers wages.

3. Of these two, the latter is better than the former.I like football and baseball but I prefer the latter.The latter processes the date by mathematical operations.

4. No matter what the price, we must buy a computer.No matter what your problem, be frank with me.No matter what their size, computers have certain basic parts.

5. They differ from one another. First, they differ in function.

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The two models differ in price, in quality, and in materials.Computers differ greatly in size.

VOCABULARY WORDS

ComputersElectronic -electronic calculator (computer)DeviceCalculationAt high speedsOn secondsin a second.Formula -formulasformulaeText

DataLatindatumDeal withEx. Deal with a questionA variety of(=various of)wide variety ofRely onBill;[bil]Keep track ofopp. Lose track ofMerchandisegeneral merchandiseIn stockEx. The book is not in stockopp. Out of stockAid [eid]Space probesComputerizeOperatorInstructInstructionIn many casecf. in case of

Interpret - < interpretation

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Inputinput deviceKeyboardEnterStorageUnitstorage unit.

Control unitSequence-in alphabetical sequence in chronological sequence.Arithmetic(=arithmetical)Arithmetic/logic unitLatterthe latter cf. the former.By meansMathematicalOutput device

Translate A into B.translate an English book into Korean.Automaticautomatic typewriterHigh- speedPrinterhigh-speed printerVisualvisual displayPlay an important roleplay an important role in the companyAffectDepend on(=rely on, count on).AccountingBookkeepingCalculatePayrollSupermarketCheckout(supermarket) a computerized checkout system.Eliminate

Ring up

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AirlineMake reservationEx. He made reservations at hotel.Agentticket agentAvailableTypesetting -typesetting system.

Turn on-turn on the lightsTurn off -turn off the radioAdjustResearcherExecutiveMake a decisionEx. He made a decision to resign.AgencyRapidly - < rapid, rapidity.

Recover A from B(=get back A from B). Ex. He recovered his health from disease.Specific - < specify, specification.Surprise attacksAdvancedan advanced classadvanced ideas -advanced techniqueAssistLaunchComposeBoth A and B- (=at once A and B)In either caseIn any caseA number of (= lots of, a lot of)ElementaryTeaching aidComputer-assisted instruction (CAI)Reduce -

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Terminalcomputer terminalConsist of(=be composed of)PresentRespond -

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Electronic, automatic, arithmetic, elementary, mathematical.

Large amounts of data / vast amounts of facts figures.A wide variety of purposes / millions of pieces of information

B. Word Power:

-ize, -yze

-ize, -yze=make : computerize realize civilize analyze> modern : modernize/memory : memorize/ drama : dramatize/ symbol : symbolize/ special : specialize

American : Americanize.

specialspecificagentagencyeffect - affect

Whats your special interest? Do you have any specific aim?He works for a ticket agent, not for a government agency.The effect of computer education will affect our society.

computer sciencedigital computeranalogue computer -computer language

Computer science has a great future.Is it a digital computer or an analogue computer?What do you mean by computer language?


in useout of use -of use.

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1. A million computers are in usein America and Canada alone.That expression has gone out of use.I think you will find this bookof useto you.> Color TV sets are in common usenow

step by step(=gradually)

2. The computer takes through lesson step by step.A foreign language must be learned step by step.Step by stepI taught the little dog to obey me.> He mastered the technique of driving step by step.

keep track of

3. Computers keep track ofthe amount of merchandise in stock.We read the newspaper to keep track ofcurrent affairs.I have lost track ofhis address.> Keep track ofthe past records of our rival team.

a variety of

4. A computer is useful fora widevariety ofpurposes.The store has a great vari ety ofelectronic products in stock.Many members showed up late fora variety ofreasons.> The garden really has a great vari ety offlowers.

equipped with

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5. They have appliances equipped with a small computing device.The army was equipped wi ththe latest weapons.They left school, equipped wi thgood technical training.> Our school is equipped wi tha modern language lab.

D. Grammar Review:

the former, the latterthis, thatthe one, the other.

Bill and Jack are brothers, but the former is much taller than the latter.Work and play are both necessary to health; thisgives us rest and thatgives us energy.Reading is easy, and thinking is hard; but the oneis useless without the other.I have two uncles; one lives in Seoul, and the otherabroad.

LESSON 7: THE KOREAN WAR

Keys to the Lesson:

1. We have a few guests sleeping here tonight.I have scores of apples left in the refrigerator.The Russians didnt have a delegate present at the session.

2. I couldnt have walked more than a mile when I became tired.I couldnt have studied more than an hour when he called me up.I could not have been asleep more than a couple of hours when a sudden thunder woke me.

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3. The mother sang her baby to sleep.Unable to catch the lion alive, they shot it to deathGeneral Walker slowed the enemy to a walk.

4. Here and there were seen the red crosses of ambulances.Below me were the withdrawing lines of troops.Everywhere was the smell of death.

5. Ive come in the hope of finding you free.I went there in the hope that might see her.They would act boldly in the hope that others would not die.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Douglas MacarthurDuty officerHeadquartersgeneral headquartersAdviseadvise a person of.Strike - < strikestruckstruckParallelthe 10th parallelUrgencymatter of great urgency.Tell oneself(=mutter to oneself)DivisionPatrioticBe lacking inEx. He is lacking in intelligence.Artillerycf. artillery man.EssentialMask

Preparation -

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Similar toScreenFor the purpose ofDeceptionEquipped withFrom the beginning of timeTimidity [timidity] -< timidConflict -

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Witness [witnis]Rearguardcf. the rear rankDefend [defend] - < defense.In ones hand (=in the hand of).Push forwardTragicAgonyTroopAmbulanceBe filled with - (=be full of).ShriekingShellRefugee - < refugee

Belongings (=possessions). Personal belongings.FrightenedEvidenceDisasterInherit -

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CounterattackTurn A into BSpearheadedUnitsupporting unitUnder (the) cover ofRed [red]EnvelopeFrontBuild upReorganize - < reorganization.R.O.K.(=the republic of Korea)WalkerWithdrawal - < withdraw.

Be ready toFruition -

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Climax- < climacticTake a turntake a turn around the groundDeck [ dek]Black outFrom stem to sternBoldly[bouldli] < bold, boldness.Hold[hould]hold a castleDefense - < defensive.Be responsible forSoulCabinTurn inA couple ofa couple of milesa couple of days.

Open upEx. They opened up a campaign for funds.HarborRock [rak]Bombardment - < bombard.AerialWreathCraftOrderlyClimb upclimb up to the topBridgeHandEx. Please hand me the salt.A slip of paper.(= a bit of papera piece of paper). Cf. a sheet of paper.SecureBeachheadBy the time

Roll [roul]

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Set ones foot on in, at, into.ColumnHead for- head forones destinationMove onEx. Move on a head.AirfieldCannot help-ingGive waygive way under pressureCut offcut off the enemys retreatAbandonMortarSurrenderCaptive - < capture.ClearEx. The boss cleared up one of his men.

The Capitol BuildingHand backBe overEx. The class was over.Line [lain]

*FURTHER STUDIES*


[u:i/u:] : fruition/fruit ruin/juice suicide/suitable[wi/i] : equip/build quick/guilty quit/biscuit

Equipment, outnumber, witness, commitment, withdrawal.

envelope [enviluop]envelop

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Write his address on the envelope.The Korean army enveloped the enemy.

Ambulance, evidence, delegate, desperate, temporary, urgencyArtillery, timidity, amphibious, inherit, surrender.

B. Word Power:

counterre-, out-

Attack : counterattack / organize - reorganize / numberoutnumber / witoutwit

Assistassistance / commitcommitment / deceivedeception / dividedivision / defenddefense/ withdrawwithdrawal- acceptacceptance / assureassurance / require- requirement / receivereception/ decidedecisionpretendpretense / arrival

The United Nations Headquarters is located in New York.Who is the United Nations Secretary- General now?October 24 is United Day.The United Nations Security Council met yesterday.The United Nations General Assembly meets once a year.The United Nations forces fought in the Korean War.The United Nations Command is in Seoul.Do you know who the UNC Commander is now?


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be lacking in

1. They were lacking intanks and artillery.Im afraid he is lacking i nexperience.Hes quite good, but heslacking in common sense.> He is clever, but hes lacking in imaginations.

work- out

2. All details of the master plan had been worked out.We must work outsome plan to increase our sales.I cant work out these math problems.> The details of the plan must be worked outwith in this week.

take shape

3. The idea of a landing operation began to take shape.The new building is gradually taking shape.The plan for a new building is taking shape in his mind.> The plan will soon take shape.

Now is the time to

4. Now was the time torecognize what history has taught us.Now is the time for me tosay goodbye.Now is the best time tovisit the mountain.> Now is the time togo home.

under

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5. The capital city of Seoul was under heavy attack.I headed north, toward the Han Riverunderconstant bombing.Wolmido was now rocking underthe bombardment of naval guns.> The City has been under heavy attack for a month.

D. Grammar Review:

- that - , ofThe report advised him thatthey had attacked the south.The report advised him oftheir attackofthe south.

We warned them thatthe roads were icy.We warned them ofthe icy (condition of the) roads.

He tried to convince the judge thathe was innocent.He tried to convince the judge ofhis innocence.

They assured the travelers thatflying was safe.They assured the travelers ofthe safety of flying.

He told his employerthathe wanted a pay rise.He told his employerofhis wish for pay raise.

LESSON 8: U.S.A.: THE NATION OF IMMIGRANTS

Keys to the Lesson:

1. Once having made a promise, you have to keep it.

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Once having begun, I had to continue with my study.Once having broken with the past, he had to rely on himself.

2. Theres no more necessary thing to man than love. Theres no brighter period in ones life than student days. Theres n surer guarantee of quality among than poverty.

3. He had three children, all of whom were very bright.He had two sons, both of whom attended our school.He saw a society of immigrants, each of whom had begun life again on an equal footing with all the others.

4. Only with a desperate effort can we win the game.Only with computers could they work out the calculations.

Only with unusual courage could he break out of the mold.

5. To our surprise, the unexpected has happened.The book is full of the strange and the horrible.Centuries ago immigration was a leap into the unknown.

*VOCABULARY WORDS*

Immigrant [immigrant]cf. emigrant - < immigrateBe based onBe made up of(=be compose of)Alexis de TocquevilleDemocracy in AmericaExperiment(= test). An experiment station - < experimental.Breadth(=width). The length and breath of (= every part of) - < broad.

In search ofSearching for.

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Institutionthe institution of polygamyKorean political institutions - < institute, institutional.Class-ridden -ridden- ride, fear- riddenpriestriddenSuccessivethree successive dayssucceed, succession, cf.successfulFactora factor of happinessa basic factorDemocraticthe Democratic Party - < democracy.Superioritysuperiority complex - opp. Inferiority. - < superiorExilego into exile - exile governmentpolitical exileGuarantee(=warrant)Povertypoverty in thoughtpoverty in bloodMisfortuneby misfortuneDare toFrontierfrontier spiritEagerbe eager to

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Be subject toOutlawLodge -lodging houseStrawstraw hatAs many asVesselsailing vessel -war vessel.LiverpoolLancashireBe subject toPrimitive navigationRationemergency [iron] rationration book [card]Run out(=run short)Mercywithout mercymercy killing (=euthanasia)At the mercy of

Extortionate< extort, extortion.Bunk(=bed)Toll [toul] a heavy too of livesOne in tencf. ten to one, (=nine out of ten)Come to an endExcitement(=agitation). < excite. Exciting.Anxietyanxiety about the future - < anxious.Strain [strein]

Adjustment - adjustment to new environment -

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Tyranny - < tyrannical.Conceivea badly conceived schemeHold outFrom the every beginningIn search ofHave no choiceMold [mould] - paper moldRely on(=depend on, count on, trust).Except forcf. except thatAddress oneself toUndertakeundertake responsibilityundertake a new enterprise.Waste landProductiveproductive farmland - < production, produce.

Farmland

*FURTHER STUDIES*


Anxious/anxiety exile/exit guarantee/distinguishRelative/relation age/passage experiment/experience

Equal : equality immigrate : immigrantRefuge : refugee immigrationDemocracy : democratic essence : essential : essentiallySuperior : superiority politics : political : politician

Image : imagine : imagination

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B. Word Power:

succeed

Succeed : successful : success / succeed : successive: succession

longlength

Long : length broad : breadth strong : strength> wide, deep, dead, true, young

(immigrant)(immigration)

Immigrant, descendant, attendant, applicant> assist, serve, depend, discuss

Show your passport to the immigration officer at the airport.Are you on an immigrant visa or on a tourist visa?Im on a nonimmigrant student visa.Is John a Native American or an immigrant American?

He is a immigrants live in China towns; Koreans in Korea towns.


in search ofsearching

1. Some people have come to America in search ofriches.

They all went out in search ofthe missing child.

Th bi d fl i h i h f h i i hild

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There are birds flying south in search ofthe missing child.> He went out in search ofa doctor for his sick wife.

be subject to

2.The small ships were subj ect towinds and tides.They were subject toillness, accidents, and storms.We are allsubjects to the laws of nature.> I am subject tocolds in winter.

at the mercy of

3. They were often at the mercy of extortionate captains.

The ship was at the mercy of waves.He was at the mercy of the enemy.> The slaves were at the mercy of their masters.

in contrast to/ with

4. This was in stri king contrast tothe society of Europe.His white hair was in sharp contrast tohis dark skin.

The blue carpet is in stri king contrast tothe white walls.> His character is in stri king contrast tothat of his brother.

except for / with the exception of

5. Except forthe Negro slaves, they could go anywhere.With the exception ofthe Indians, they were all immigrants.

With the exception of George, all wanted to go home.

With th ti f J h ti d

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> With the exception ofJohn, everyone was tired.

D. Grammar Review:

= nothing soas - = no = - than -.

The sunrise at the seaside is the most glorious sight.Theres nothing asglorious as the sunrise at the seaside.Theres no more glorious than the sunrise at the seaside.

once

When you onceremember this, youll never forget.

Onceyou remember this, youll never forget.If you have oncemade a promise, you should keep it.Onceyou have made a promise, you should keep it.When you had oncebegun, you had to keep on learning it.Oncehaving begun, you had to keep on learning it.

LESSON 9: BEST LOOKING GIRL IN TOWN

Keys to the Lesson:

1. She is by for the better actress.It is by for the best car. = It is the best car by for.He said she was by for the beastlooking girl in town.

2 I t ki lk h I it d th id t

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2. I was taking a walk when I witnessed the accident.I was about to go out, when the telephone rang.He was lunching at a restaurant when a woman came up to him.

3. She has been, and will be, one of the most popular singers.Nothing has been, is, or will be greater than mothers love.He wasand still isa famous magazine illustrator.

4. He makes mistakes and that very often.It was necessary to act and that promptly.She was looking at him and that with longing eyes.

5. He began to think that he shouldnt have changed his job.

I should have noticed your new tie, I guess.How are you getting along, now? You shouldnt have asked.

* VOCABULARY WORDS *

Thyra Samter Winslowpicture frames.Short story -cf. novel

Regularlygo to the church regularly - < regularity.Magazine -sports magazineBe ashamedEx. Dont be ashamed of yourself.Awkwardat an awkward momentTerriblea terrible performance -cf. terrific.Cute(=pretty). A cute little girl.Attractive(=charming). Attractive personality.

Stringy - < string

I it f ( d it )

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In spite of(= despite).Unimportant -opp. ImportantGrocerygrocery store - cf. grocerAs a matter of fact(= in fact, indeed).Except forexcept for moneyBe in love withBankerGo into(=engage oneself in, enter). Go into politics.Definite [definit]opp. Indefinite. a definite solution.Ideala democratic ideal.Prefession - < professional.From a distanceTownspeople(=townsfolk). Cf. townsman

Take overtake over a firmSettle downcf. settlementWell-known(=famous). A well-known architectIllustrator -a professional illustratorLonginga longing look - < long.Noticenoticenotice defect in a bookFitfit a garment on a person.Self- confident - < self-confidence.

Remarkable(=extraordinary). A remarkable play.Statement- makes a statementComplimenthave a compliment - < complimentary.Claim [kleim]Confusionbe in confusionGet togetherRearrangerearrange the furniture - < rearrangement.

The other day ( on a recent day)

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The other day(=on a recent day).Lunch(= have lunch). * Breakfast, (Dinner < dine).Come up toMake over(=change). Ex. The garage was made over into a play room.Attempt. (=trial). An attempt to climb the mountain.Destiny [destini](=fate). An unchangeable destiny.Note [ nout](=tone). A sad note in his voice.Be in love with.Look back onlook back on the past.Go steady withBeauty(=a beautiful person). A great beautyGo out withBank failurea business failure.

Chorusin chorus(=all together).Divorceget a divorce(=divorce). < Divorcee. (=a divorced woman).Ambitiousan ambitious attempt - < ambition

* FUTHER STUDIES *


Failure, familiar, lawyer, million, championAmbitious, cautions, conscious, suspicious

(Ex. Come down to, look out for), (Ex. Be of importance)

Go out with -go steady withbe in love withlook back on - went back to

Went up to

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B. Word Power:

self. Ex. Selfdeceiving, self-deception

Self-conscious, self-confident, Self-control, self-respect.

re -. Ex. Recreate

Rearrange, recognize, reproduce, rewrite, review.

un-. Ex. Cleanunclean

Unimportant, uncertain, unbearable, unfair, unemployed.

be in love with=fall in love with.

Tom is in love with Jane. He felt in love with her last year.

blonde, plain, beauty.

Jane is a blonde. She is plain, not a beauty.

lovely, charming = attractive

But she is lovely, charming and attractive.

handsome, good-looking

Tom isnt very handsome or good looking

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Tom isn t very handsome or good-looking.

date, go steady with

Tom dated Jane and went steady with her for a year.

love

Now Tom is Janes love, and Jane is Toms love.

go like that

Love goes like that, and this is their first love.

love story

They like love stories and movies with love affairs.

skin deep

Beauty is but skin deep is their favorite proverbs.


go steady with

1. There I was, going steady withPat and in love with Shane.She has been going steady withhim for a long time.

Are Tom and Jane going steady?

> Who are you going steady with?

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> Who are you going steady with?

take over

2. Pat took overhis fathers grocery store.When Mr. Green retired his son Henry took overthe business.Who will take overthe ship in case the captain is sick?> Usually, sons take overtheir fathers business.

look back on (over)3. It was very funny, when you look back onthose days.

He often looks back onhis school days.

Looking backover her past, she was wet with tears.> I often look back onmy happy childhood.

get together (=have a meeting, have a get-together assemble).

4. They get togetherthe next morning.Lets get togetherone evening and talk about old times.The club members get togetheronce a week.

> How often do you get together?

be good atcf. be poor at-

5.Im good atremembering names.What are you good at? I think Im good at math.Who is best at English in your class? Tom is, to be sure.

> I am not good atremembering numbers.

D Grammar Review:

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D. Grammar Review:

Ex. First, you should look into the core itself.

The matter itself is quite clear.There appeared before the crowd the queen herself.

Confucius himself had his faults.

itself = very. Ex. He is politeness itself. = He is very polite.

I saw you looking at him. Simplicity itselfIt turned out that the lady was kindness itself.You can trust him. he is honesty itself.

LESSON 10: DOS AND DONT WHEN YOU ARE ABROAD

Keys to the Lesson:

1. Speaking of pictures, have you ever seen Picassos work?Speaking of Switzerland, have you ever been there in winter?

Speaking of tipping, how much should we give a cab driver?

2. He speaks French and Spanish, not to speak of English.He cant afford to buy a bicycle, not to speak of a car.It is important to know the host countrys language, not to speak of English.

3. I took a map with me lest I should lose my way.

I hurried to the station lest I should miss the train.

Dont shout lest you should be taken for a vulgar person

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Don t shout, lest you should be taken for a vulgar person.

4. He was not at home, as is often the case (with him).The reaction, as is always the case, was quite normal.There are toothpicks for your use, as is the case in Korea.

5. Study when young, otherwise, it will be too late.I have a bad cold, otherwise Id be glad to go with you. Otherwise, something youve never expected may happen.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Generationgeneration gapFavorTake for grantedProper -proper behaviorBe sure toFlight [flait]flight no5Destinationtoward the destinationDetail [diteil]in details

CarrierKorean plane carrierAirlineKoreans AirlinesDoormandoorman in a red uniformBellboy(=luggage). Baggage cargo.Tip [tip]receive tipCheck outopp. Check inTokena token of friendshipwear black as a token of mourning.

Gratitudein gratitude for

Pillow [pilou] pillow slip

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Pillow [pilou] pillow slipCab(=taxi) . cab driverBe apt to(=be liable to)At a loss(=embarrassed)Farebus fareBill [bil]pay the bill

Cloakroom(=checkroom)HairdresserStoreroom(=storage)Overnightthe enemys overnight attackDepositdeposit money in the bankLockerlocker-room-lockerSuitcase(=briefcase)

Go aroundSurrendersurrender oneself to justiceValuableHold upPurserRobberybe charged with robbery - < robCourteous(=polite). Be courteous toAs a whole(=altogether)

After all(=in the end)Command(=order).Willingnesswith willingness - < willing, be willing toResentment -

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Not to speak of ( to say nothing of, let alone)In advanceGeographyPreserve -

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Bite offSwingswing-swung-swung.Plate [pleit]a plate of meatLivelya lively songToothpickpl. toothpicks. Cf pick ones teethIn the presence ofin the presence of the Pope.

In private(=privately).Resorts - have resort toDistinctlypronounce distinctlySlanga slang termPick uppick up a word.

* FURTHER STUDIES *


[s][z]

Sign, assign / design, resign assert / dessertSentiment / resentment living / lively

bow[bau], [bou]

Everyone bow as the Queen entered the room. [baud]He moved aside for her with a polite bow. [bau]The warriors had a bow and arrows with them. [bou]

souvenir

Utmost, gratitude, essayist, hairdresser, souvenir,

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Utmost, gratitude, essayist, hairdresser, souvenir,Embarrass, resentment, attendant, receptionist.Curiosity, inexpensive, disrespectfully, souvenir

B. Word Power:

Baggage (all the bags), furniture, machinery, merchandise, cattle, police, public, audience, crowd,Sheep, fish.

+ hypened. Ex. Good mindgood-mindedEmpty handemptyhandedCold bloodcold-blooded

Warm heartwarmheartedFair skinfair- skinned

fare, price, rate, exchange rate

Whats the fare to London?Whats the price of this tie?Whats the rate at your hotel?

Whats the exchange rate from dollar to franc?

How much do I owe you? = How much is it? = what do you charge?

How much do I owe you?

bill

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Could I have the bill, please?


take A for grantedA take it for granted that

1. What is taken for grantedisnt always as proper.I take it f or granted thatwe should build new roads.I took it for granted thatyou had prepared for the exam.> I took it for granted thatyou would help me.

check outcheck in

2. Dont be required to pay foran extra night by not checking outin time.You must check inat the airport early enough.They checked inat the reception desk.> He checked inat the hotel on Monday and checked outon Friday.

in advance

3. Do some study in advanceabout the country you are visiting.Please let me know the time of your arrival in advance.Its not wise to spend your income in advance.> He nailed his baggage in advance.

be at loss

4. We are oftenat a lossas to how passport was.

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p pHe was at a lossas to where his passport was.I was at lossfor words when asked a personal question.> I was at a lossas to what answer I should give to the question.

hold up

5. Do surrender you valuables when you are held up.That bank has been held upthree times.Hold your hands up!shouted the policeman to the thieves.> Hold your hands up, or Ill shoot.

D. Grammar Review:

- speaking of = talking of, judging from, frankly speaking, granting that, taking into consideration

Speaking of movies, did you see Farewell to Arms? Talking of flowers, what flower do you like?Judging from his accent, he must be an American.Frankly speaking, he isnt proper for the position.Granting that he said so, I can hardly believe it.

Taking all things into consideration, his life is a happy one.

- not to speak of = not to mention = to say nothing

He has experience, not to speak of knowledge.He spokes French and German, to say nothing of English.He doesnt know English, not to mention French.

LESSON 11: AN AIR TRIP

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Keys to the Lesson:

1. Ill see (to it) that everything is ready.Wait a minute, Ill see (to it) that the door is locked.

Please check to see that your seat belt is fastened.

2. He may well be anxious about the result of the examination.Its shocking, you may well be surprised!You may well be happy and smile because youve arrived safe

3. Now that youre a big boy, do just as you choose.

Now that he is ill, well have to go without him.You may well be happy now that you have arrived safe.

4. If I know, I would answer, As it is, I must remain silent.We hoped things would get better, but, as it is, theyre worse.As it is, travel by air is one of the safest ways to travel.

5. There is plenty of work yet to be done.

Even with his homework yet to be done, hes watching TV.You have yet to go through customs inspection.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Go on a trip(=take a trip, make a trip)

Leg [leg]the last leg of a trip

Familiarizefamiliarize oneself with - < familiar

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Departurethe point of departure - < departBoard(=get on). Boarding passAircraft(=airplane). A space aircraft.Cabincabin class. Cf. tourist class, prestige class.Public address system

Stewardessa chief stewardess - opp. Steward.Ticket envelopeCrew [kru:]ground crewDirectorFlight Service DirectorPan AmPan American AirlinesAt this time - cf. at any time. At that timeSeat bealt

Fasten -fasten upUprightan upright walk.Tray [trei]tray tableash trayCabin baggageTurn offopp. Turn onLavatory(=toilet room)Local time.Life jacket

Oxygen maskConcerning(=on, about, regarding). Concerning the problem.Folder -safety instruction folder.Seat pocketContain - < containerEmergencyin caser of emergency, emergency exit.Takeoffopp. Landing - < take off.

Approximately(=about, around)

Altitude

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Cruisecruising speedPerthree miles per hour(=three miles an hour)Vasta vast plainMealtimeJuice -0 a cup of apple juice. < juicy

SnackElicit [ilisit](=draw out). Elicit laughter < elicitationUnfavorableopp. Favorable.Varyvary ones stys of lookSegment - < segmentalEliminate [ilimineit](=get rid of). < EliminationBoredomgive boredom to. < bore

Featurea new film featuring Dustin HoffmanAudioaudio presentation of Beethovens Symphony No. 8. op. videoNormally(=usually).opp. abnormally - < normal.Presentationa presentation of musical showsHeadset [hedset](=headphone).Obtain(=get).Chargecharge 3 dollars for a book - < chargeChannel - the broadcasting of the nightly news in channel 5

Classicalclassical music -< classicJazzjazz songBroadwayForthAnd so forth(=and so on; and the like).In-flight [inflait] in-flight lunchDuty-free(=taxexempt). Duty-free goods

Alcoholicalcoholic drink

Beveragea cool beverage

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PerfumeCarta rolling cartAisle [ail]Intermediatean intermediate courseAttendanta conference attendant

Entry formVisibilitythe zero visibilityF.( Fahrenheit) - 39 F (thirty-nine degrees Fahrenheit). Cf. centigrade.Touch down(=land)Runaway -a run away lined with torchesOn behalf of(=as the representative of). On behalf of the entire crewAt long last(= finally, at last, eventually)

File [fail]file in, file outConfinementunder confinementInspectioncustoms inspection.Procedurelegal procedure

* FURTHER STUDIES *


s, t, i.d[d3], [d]

Aisle, island / fasten, often / cruise, juiceProcedure, soldier / schedule, graduate / endure, during

Flight 206 : flight two-o-six, 5:00 p.m. (five p.m.).

575 miles ( five hundred and seventy-five miles), 28,000 feet

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(twenty eight thousand feet). $ 2.50 (two dollars and fifty cents).86 F. (eighty six Fahrenheit), 707 (seven-o-seven), 747(seven-four-seven), DC8(DC eigth),DC 10 (DC ten), Tristar 1011 (Tristar one-o-one-one)

Passenger, stewardess, lavatory, beverage, temperature, approximate, departure,

Elicit, procedure, familiarize, alcoholic, intermediate, visibility, international

B. Word Power:

-ure. Ex. Pleasepleasure, -ity. Ex. Ableability, audibleaudibility-ize. Ex. Industrial- industrialize

Proceed : procedureSeize : seizureDepart : departureVisible : visibilityCapable : capabilityProbable : probabilityFamiliar : familiarizeNormal : normalize

Commercial : commercialize

passport, visa, travel, document, health certificate = yellow card, make a reservation.Confirm ones flight, entry card, baggage claim

The passport and the visa are your basic travel documents.The health certificate or yellow card is sometimes required.

Whenever you fly, make a reservation and confirm your flight.

You must fill out your entry card in English when traveling.

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Take utmost care not to lose your baggage claim tags.


on behalf of(=as the representatives)

1. She will thank the passengers on behal f ofthe airlines.On behalf ofmy company I express our hearty thanks to you.I wrote the letteron behalf ofmy mother.> He signed the document on behalf ofmy mother.

go through(= pass through)

2. You have to go throughthe immigration procedure.The new law has gone throughthe National Assembly.The plan has yet to go through, several more stages.> All of them have to go throughthe physical examination.

make an effort tomake every effortmake some effortmake no effort

3. The airlines make every eff ort toprovide good food.Many passengers are making some eff ortto sleep.He made no eff ortto learn English.> I am making every effor tto learn English.

more or less

4. The basic services are more or l esscommon to all airlines.

She is more or lessexcited, but he isnt.

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Their answers were more or less the same.> He seemed to be more or lesssurprised at the news.

fill out- (=fill in)

5. They distribute the entry forms that must be fi ll ed out.He fi ll ed outthe application form before the interviewFil l inthe blanks with appropriate words.> Fill this form outand bring it to me, please.

D. Grammar Review:

that, now that, in that, what, that, Its not that but that.

Now thatthe rain has stopped, lets play again.In thatyou are busy, let me tell you about it briefly.Men differ from beast in thatthey can think and speak.Whats she doing now?It isnt thatI care.Its not that I dont want to do so but thathe doesnt.

LESSON 12: ON LOVE

Keys to the Lesson:

1. There is no luck in life. Luck is of our own making.Teaching was a profession of his own choosing.We see only the figure of our own making.

2. Rumor has it that the mayor is going to resign.l h d i h l i bj i

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Marcel Proust had it that love is subjective.A Greek myth has it that human beings ere originally composed of a man and a woman.

3. Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.

Happiness flourishes where there is happiness.

4. Work hard, (so, in order) that you may succeed.He is keeping quiet, that he may not disturb his father.Women put on beautiful gowns that they may be chosen by men.

5. Some students study German and others French.

A woman thinks of her home as a swallow of its nest.A woman will wait for a man, but as the spider for the fly.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Andr Maurois[dre morwa] (1885-1967)Give ears to(=lend an ear to). Ex. You must give your ears to the teacher.Biographer

Encounterencounter with enemyThesissubmit a thesisAdolescence - < adolescent.Vague[veig]a vague answera vague rumo[u]rAnticipation - sense of anticipation - < anticipateGive oneself up toEx. The student gave oneself up to reading for exams.Figurea woman of graceful figure.a figure of fun.political figureFancy - < fanciful, a fanciful design, a fanciful story.

Fall in love withEx. She fell in love with the boyA i

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AwaitPredestinationPredestineMyththe Greek myth - the Greek mythsBe composed ofEx. An engine is composed of many parts.

Companiontravel companion, companions in arms.Obligeoblige toDeliberately [diliberitli] - < deliberate.Dispositiona man of a social dispositionPatiencea man of great patienceVirtuea man of virtueEx. Virtue is its own reward.In the pursuit of

FlourishWitherEx. Her affection withered.Atmospheretense atmosphere - < atmospheric/atmospherical.Constraintunder constraintApparently - < apparent.Energetic - < energyVirilea virile voiceAffectionate -an affectionate letter

Be willing toEx. They were willing to undertake the job.Dominate - < domination.Admire - < admiration.AmazonAmazon. - < Amazonian.Marcel ProustSubjectiveopp. Objective.Beholder -

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Source.Nothing but(=ony). Ex. It is nothing but a joke.Idealopp. Real.Perfecta perfect wifea perfect strangerFueladd fuel to the firefuelling station

Flame [fleim]flame projector (thrower)flameproof paperGo out(=be extinguished). Ex. His cigar has gone out. The fire will soon go out.Keep on (do)ingEx. It kept on rainingArousearouse angerCourtPrimitive [primitiv]primitive man.Carry off

CaptiveAt the mercy offEx. They were at the mercy of the conquerors.AdornmentPut onEx. He put on his shirtJeweljewel boxFashiona new fashionStriveEx. He strove to overcome his bad habits.(strivestrove-striven)Inferioritya feeling of inferiority -opp. Superiority. > inferior.

Some of sortInferiority complexAs to(=about, concerning).Intelligencea man of much intelligenceintelligence quotientintelligent testDistrust - < distrustful.Reveal(=show)LovableUnaware -be unaware ofEx. We were unaware of the approaching storm.

Be based (up)onEx. Taxation is based upon incomeB d Sh (1856 1950)

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Bernard Shaw(1856-1950)Spiderspider(s) webSwallowone swallow does not make a summer.ProxyEx. Books are not proxies for experience.Bauldelaire - Charles Pierre (1821-670

Mate [meit]a faithful mate to himChopinFrederic Francois (1810-1849)InclineBeethoven -Ludwing vanMozart - Wolfgang Amadeuos(1756-91)Wagner Richard(1813-83)Bring together

MutualEcstasyBeliefthe Christian beliefStrengthen - < strength.CompanionshipCome into beingAlasCome to an end

Impose(=force). Impost respectSheer(=complete). A sheer waste of time.Follyyouthful folliesGet in the way -Ex. Marriage may get in the way of your studyWearyEx. The long hours of works wearied me.Contemptuous(=disdainful). Ex. She is contemptuous of my humble home and poor surroundings.Concrete -concrete planopp. AbstractJealousy

IndifferenceCli t

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Cling toRomanceWoo.

* FURTHER STUDIES *


-is [is], -es [i:z]Thesis: theses analysis : analyses basis : bases

-el.al

Fuel, jewel, cruel, mutual, actual, usual.

stress

Ecstasy, jealousy, dominate, primitive, mutual

Biographer, pianist, intelligence, impose, composeAdolescence, energetic, interfere, inferiority

B. Word Power:

-ive, -ate, ity, -ce

Subject : subjectiveObject : objective

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Object : objectiveAffection : affectionatePassion : passionateSuperior : superiorityInferior : inferiority

Intelligent : intelligenceAdolescent : adolescence

love

Love is blind.Love is without reason.

Hot love is soon cold.Love needs no teaching.Alls fair in love and war.Whom the gods love die young.


come into being / existence / fashion

1. After a period of courting, love comes into being.When did this world come into existence?I dont know when jeans come into fashion.> I dont know when such a custom first come into being.

feel [be] obliged to

2 Many youths feel obliged to choose their mate deliberately

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2. Many youths feel obliged tochoose their mate deliberately.They felt obl iged tosell their house to pay their debts.I was obl iged towalk to school as traffic was tied up.> Because of the typhoon, we were obliged tostay at home.

get/stand/be in ones way; get in the way of.

3. We must not get in her way ofdevelopment.Dont stand in my way. Oh, sorry. Am I in your way.Marriage may get in the way ofyour study.> Dont get in my way.

give oneself up to

4. He will give himself up tothe figure of his fancy.He decided to give himself up tothe study of physics.The escaped prisonergave himself up tothe police.> I decided to give himself up tothe study of English.

cling to

5. The last rule, and the least known, is to cli ng toromance.Wet clothes cling tothe body.The children always cling totheir mother.> Dont cling toyour old ideas.

D. Grammar Review:

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To some life is pleasure, to others life is suffering.It matters not how long we live, but how (we live).You may read this book if you want to (read this book).Fair play is as in important in business as it is (important) in sports.

When (she was) young, she was very beautiful.Correct the errors if (there are) any (errors).He seldom, if (he) ever (does), goes to church.What a pretty flower (it is)!I could have come yesterday (if I had tried to come).(If one is) out of sight, (one is) out of mind.

LESSON 13: PAINTING AS A PASTIME

Keys to the Lesson:

1. The more learned a man is, the more modest he is.The darker the sky, the brighter the stars.

The stronger the will, the more futile the task.

2.It is no use trying to excuse yourself.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is no use saying to the tired mindIll give you a rest.

3. Generally speaking, Koreans are too shy in speaking English.Strictly speaking, the bamboo is a kind of grass.

Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into 3 classes.

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4. We were tired to death at the end of the journey.The tour guides were worked to death all the year around.Theyre toiled to death, worried to death, or bored to death.

5. There is not the slightest difference between the two.Weve finished the work without the slightest difficulty.No artist finds the slightest inconveniences in standing to paint for three or four hours at a stretch.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Pastime(=diversion)

As a pastimeLeisureleisure hoursat ones leisureRemedy [remidi] - < remediableirremediable (=remediless)Avoidance - < avoid - (= keep away from)Responsibility [risponsebiliti](of, for). < responsible.Solitude(=loneliness), < solitary.Gaiety - < gay. GailyNo doubt(=probably)

Wear outEx. The brainworker is apt to wear out his mental muscles.ContinuallyElbow [elbou]Not merely A, but B(= not only A, but (also) B). Ex. We can watch the movie not merely in the theatre.Musclemuscle man - < muscular coinLie downlie, lielaylainlying., lieliedliedlying.Go onArgue with (about ; on, upon) cf. argue against

Futile(=vain, useless), futility,Cultivation - < cultivate

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Cultivation - < cultivateIn a dayEx. Success is not the thing we can accomplish in a day.At hand( =near in time or place).Ought to(=must, should)Make worseto make matters worse(=what is worse).

Divide A into BRational - < rationalize, a rational policyIndustrious - < industry, cf. industrialSecondlyBelong toAtmosphereDiversion - < divert.

Suffer fromAkin(to)Daily round(=routine work of life)BrainworkerEquilibrium - < equilibrate.Call into usecf. call into playHandicraft - < handicraftsmanSketch

Rescuerescue teamCome [go] to the rescueInduce - < inducement. Cf. induct.Presume - (=assume, presuppose). < presumption.Get enjoyment(=enjoy)Paint-boxHave a trySpire(=be eager to, long for)

MasterpieceContent oneself with

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Content oneself withWatercolorSay againstMediumDisposal - < dispose.

At ones disposalFind outSweepDelicious - < deliciousness.Squeeze -squeeze bottleMatch A with BRejoicerejoice to welcome a person.

Get to heaven - (=die)Spend . . . inPortiona portion of landTo the bottomGay [gei] (= merry), (=bright).Reconnaissancereconnaissance in force.AttentivePoint of view - (=viewpoint). From the point of view of a forest

Heighten[haitn]Innumerable(=numberless). Opp. Numerable.On ones hands have time on ones handsDistractiondistraction from grief.Pass outSuch as it is(=such as they are). Ex. You may use my car, such as it is.Paradeparade groundAt a time(=at the same time, at once).

Inconvenience.

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* FURTHER STUDIES *


Muscle/rescue, scenery/scale, scientific/scarcelyLeisure (Am) (Br)Futile (Am) (Br)Diversion (Am) (Br)

Atmosphere solitude remedy handicraft masterpieceDelicious disposal industrious reconnaissanceEquilibrium inconvenience individual undertake

B. Word Power:

Avoid : avoidanceGuide : guidanceAttend : attendance

Dispose : disposalArrive : arrivalRefuse : refusalGay : gaietyAnxious : anxietyVarious : variety

at ones leisure -for recreation -leisure Industry - amusement parkrecreation center -taste for art.

What do your friends do at their leisure?Many of my friends climb mountains for recreation.

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Many of my friends climb mountains for recreation.Some of them paint as a pastime.Everybody is trying to have a hobby of some sort.Now the leisure industry has come into being.Many amusement parks and recreation centers are being built.

But a taste for art is the highest form of pastime.


keep a person company or keep company with

1. Light and color by them companyto the end of the day.You must keep good company. Dont keep bad company.He kept company withsuch bad boys.> Who are you keeping company with?

such as it is

2. You may use my car, such as it is.Our house, such as it i s, has enough room for you to stay.

My wife cooked these dishes, such as they are.> Please use this room, such as it is.

come [go] to a persons rescue rescuefrom = come to ones rescue

3. Painting comes to my rescuein a most trying time.The firemen went to their rescueand saved them fromthe fire.They rescued him f romdrowning. = They come to his rescueand saved him from drowning.

> He came to my rescueand saved me from drowning.

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be akin to

4. Reading is akin tothe ordinary work of brainworkers.A Proverb has it that pity is akin tolive.

We have similar opinions; mine is akin toyours.> A fox is akin toa dog.

at a stretch

5. Painters have to remain standing for hours at a stretch.They rowed for five hours at a stretch.He got tired after he drove 300 miles at a stretch.> Can you walk for 5 hours at a stretch?

D. Grammar Review:

It is no use - be - ing

I t is (of) no use(your) tryingto help him.

I t is no usefor you totry to help him.There is no use(in) tryingto help him.

tofor a person

I t is no goodadvising him to give up smoking.

itthat

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It isntmuchuse yoursayingthat you didnt know the rules.

there is no - ing = It is impossible that.

There is notellingwhat may happen ten years from now.There is noknowingwho has done it.There is noaccountingfor why it has happened.

LESSON 14: THE NEWSBOY

Keys the Lesson:

1. We cannot see that play without crying.You can never hurt another without hurting yourself.It is impossible to get past him without making a purchase.

2. He is not so much a scholar as journalist.I like her not so much for her beauty as for her kindness.The weather as because we have always worn it.

3. I would rather give up my job than work under such a man.She would rather have died than (have) accepted his offer.He would rather have given up play going altogether than have occupied another seat in the theather.

4. It is not that I am unwilling but that I have not time.Its just that he and I learned from that same teacher.It is simply that I should feel guilty if I disappointed him.

5. We have your medicine prepared now.I had the work finished two days before the target date.

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y gHe had the newspaper plucked out of his bundle.

VOCABULARY WORDS

NewsboynewscasterNoted(=famous, renewed). Noted for beautyRobert LynfJournalistjournalist committeeMan of lettersthe republic of lettersMoralRed-facedCall outStumpstump of cigaretteTrio [tri:ou]piano trio, Archduke by BeethovenPasser-by -cf. passengerPluckpluck A out of BBundlea bundle of lettersUnbuttonopp. Button.Get pastEx. With a smile, John got past me

Purchasemake purchaseAbsentminded -an absent minded person . < absent-mindedness.Existenceexistence of God - < existRecallEx. The teacher recalled Jane to a sense of responsibility.Make ones wayObedience -

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g gServitude - < servileTobacconist - < tobacco.Get accustomed to(=be accustomed to). Ex. Do not get accustomed to be blamed.PatentPatent Officepatent medicine

Make A of bEx. Money makes slaves of almost all people.CowardEx. Coward die many times before their deaths.At libertyElsewhereIn(the) course of timeEx. Wrong habits make slaves of us in the course of time.Possessionillegal possession of arms - < possess.Such-and-suchcf. so-and-so. Mr. So-and-soAt allIn regard to(=with regard to).FrequentEx. Frogs frequent the pond.SurveyIn the frontPlay going - < play-goer.As a [the result ofEx. John failed the exam, as a result of his laziness. Cf. in the resultCommandment

The Ten Commandments(Mt. Sinai)(Moses)For instance(=fore example, as an example, by way of example [illustration]).Revolt[rivoult](against). Ex. People revolt against their rulers.Brigade [ brigeid]. A fire brigade - the No-Hat BrigadeGo aboutEx. He is going about with bad guys.Widespreadwidespread rumorPrejudiceEx. He has a prejudice against doctors.Reverencereverence of honor - < revere

Attach(to). Opp. Detach. Ex. He attached importance to the fable. < attachement.Trifle[traifl]waste time on rifles

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[ ]NapkinInspire - (= with)HorrorGulpEx. John gulped down water.

BarEx. The way is barred.OffendAbideCollapse - the collapse of moralsIntolerable

* FURTHER STUDIES *


Compare/comparable steal/stealthily create/creatureCarrier/career patience/obedience chase/purchaseOrigin, prejudice, fugitive, servitude, reverenceCollapse, commandments, obedience, intolerable.

B. Word Power:

Pass by a passer by passers- byLook on onlooker onlookers

Brother(s)-in-lawSister(s)-in-law

Father(s)-in-lawMother(s)-in-law

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( )Son(s)-in-lawDaughter(s)-in-lawEditor(s)-in-chiefCommander(s)-in-chief

habit -second natureHabit is second nature.

get/fall into habits / have the habit ofing - / break off the habit ofing- / be in the habit ofing - /Out of habit (by habit)

Dont let yourselfget/fall in to bad habits.Dont you have the habit of biti ngyour nails?Did your brotherbreak off the habit of gettingup late?Isnt you fatherin the habit of smoking?Many people smoke out of habi t (by habit), not for pleasure.

C. Usefu l Expressions:

in regard towith regard to

1. They show the same habit in regard toseats in the theater.I have no opinion in /with regard tothis matter.As for me, I have no objection in regard toyour proposal.> Let me hear you opinion in regard tothis problem.

at liberty(to do). Freely, at ones own will.2. I was not at libertyto go elsewhere.

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You are at libertyto tell the story to anyone.I am not at libertyto tell the story to anyone.> You are at libertyto go home at any time.

abide byopp. Violate.

3. We must abide bycustom.If you join the club, you must abide byits rules.We must abide bythe decision of the majority.> You must abide byyour promise.

make ones way

4. I made my wayto the bus stop by back lanes.I made my wayhome on foot.He made his waythrough the crowd towards us.> We made our wayto the park along the river.

acquire the habit ofing - /form / cultivate the habit ofing.break a habit.

5. Most of us have acquir ed the habit ofwearing a hat.We have to form / cul tivate the habit ofsaving money.It is extremely difficult to break a habi t.>All of us must cultivate the habit ofreading.

D. Grammar Review:

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no [not]withouting, neverbut, scarcelybut- wheneverevery time.

I cannotread this bookwithout beingmoved.The villagers neverpass by each otherwithouta greeting.

It neverrains butpours.He neverreads the papers in bed buthe goes to sleep.They scarcelymeet butthey quarrel.

make A of BEx. Dont make me a fool.

Dont makea fool ofme.Custom makesslaves ofbrave men and cowards alike.I will makea good tennis playerofyou.Most father think ofmakinggreat men oftheir sons.

LESSON 15: THE WAVE OF THE FUTURE

Keys to the Lesson:

1. They found themselves caught in heavy traffic.We find ourselves caught up in the explosive change.Parents find themselves in conflict with their children.

2. This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.This picture reminds me of my childhood.A new computerized service reminds you of your appointment.

3. The river is far too wide for me to swim across.This shirt is far too small for you to wear.

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A computer can process data in a time fat too short for the human senses to detect.

4. Still more remarkable has been the countrys economic growth.So impressive has been the standard of living there.

Even more dramatic has been the spread of part-time work.

5. The family (that) he lived with liked him very much.The coffee shop (that) we stopped in was clean and tidy.Every rule we have lived by is changing.

VOCABULARY WORD

Alvin TofflerFuture ShockThe Third Wave.Epochthe epoch of space travelAdjusttoRush-hourthe morning rush-hourUnavoidable(inevitable). < unavoidably.Nine-to-fivenine-to-five job.

Tampoquicken the tempo of productionMechanicalmechanical breakdown.a lifeless and mechanical speechRhythmthe rhythm of the seasons. - < rhythmic, rhythmical.Coreto the corethe core of the matterSpecifyspecify the reasons - < specification.Flexiblea flexible planPart-timea part time job.cf. full timeElderlythe elderly(the elderly people.

Shift

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Round-the-clockround-the-clock operationsProgrammerDevise - < device.Urbanan urban areaopp. Rural.

Adultadult education.Individualization - < individualize.Burdena burden of responsibilityIntensify - < intensification.Loneliness [lounlinis] - < lonelyIsolationisolation ward - < isolate.Arrange - < arrangement.Face-to-facehave a face-to-face talk.Remind [rimaind]remined A of BArrangementmake arrangements for a wedding - < arrange.Rangea wide range ofVideo[vidiou]Televiewer - < televiewRecastConcept

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Appropriatesimple clothes appropriate for schoolComponentsyn. Element. A component partRevolutionarya revolutionary discovery - < revolution.Participateparticipate in a meeting. < Participation.

Organizational -

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work full [part] timea full time joba part time teacheron dutyoff dutyround-the-clockWork in three shiftsthe morning [day, night]

Computer : computerize : computerizationStandard : standardize : standardizationSpecial : specialize : specializationIndividual : individualize : individualizationMaximum : maximize : maximization.

Mr. Baker works full time. He has a full time job.His brother works part time. He is a part-time teacher.Mr. Baker is a full-timer and his brother is a part- timer.He is on duty today but will be off (duty) tomorrow.The factory is on round-the-clock operation now.The employees work in three shifts: the morning shift, the duty shift, and the night shift.


give way to

1. It always happens when one epoch gives way toanother.Coal gave way tooil.Whatever happens, dont give way todespair.> Give way toyour elders.

in return for(=as payment for)

2 H ll i t f i hi h bb

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2. He gets smaller pay in r eturn fortime to pursue his hobby.I sent her some roses in r eturn forher hospitality.What do you expect in r eturn foryour work?> I sent him a gift in return forhis kindness.

as yet(=up to a present time)

3. We dont as yethave a vocabulary for describing these.As yet, we havent made any plans for the holidays.Our plan has worked well as yet.> As yetwe have no answer from him.

aim at

4. They devise TV programs specially aimed atnight workers.They aim atincreasing production as the economy recovers.These television shows are aimed atyoung folks.> This magazine is aimed atteenagers.

have an effect on(=have an impact on)

5. These changes havedeep effects onthe economy.Did the medicine haveany effects onthat disease?Punishment seemed to havevery little effect onhim.> The medicine he gave me had no effect on me.

D. Grammar Review:

I h I f id t b i ll k it d t hi it i

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I hopeI am afraidto be preciseas all men knowas it seemed to himas it sweeps in

I shall finish it, I hope, by the end of the week.I am, to be precise, 17 years and 5 months old.

He was, as all men knew, a great President.His fatheras i t seemed to himwas very strict.The Third Wave, as i t sweeps in. brings a completely different sense of time.

LESSON 16: AN AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS (1)

Keys to the Lesson:

1. Next week we will have many events, formal and informal.You must stand up to greet a person, male or female.There are so many different colleges, public and private.

2. Only then did I see the danger we were in.Only slowly did he begin to understand the situation.Only in a few course did I do my best in high school.

3. Im thinking of those happy days when I lived with them. He is from that part of Switzerland where French is spoken.I remember those first days of school when I was a freshman.

4. You might have had a serious accident.I could have gotten into one of those state universities.I i ht h h d t bl b i d itt d i t H d

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I might have had trouble being admitted into Harvard.

5. The reason (why) she likes him is that he is intelligent.The reason for her anxiety is that you are far too careless.

Another reason I study so hard is that I like to understand what is going on in class.

VOCABULARY WORDS

Douglas StoutA bit of(= a piece of). A bit of landa bit of patienceFlavor(=taste). A modern flavorthe Oriental flavorAt least.SemesterGraduate studentcf. undergraduate studentRegistrationregistration of copyright - < register.Mail[meil](=post). Mail a letter at a mail box.Entranceentrance into lifeentrance examinationFeea tuition fee - an admission [entrance] fee

Make a mistake (=mistake).Gymnasiumcf. gymnastgymnasticSign upsign up for classesFreshman(high school college) cf. sophomore, junior, senior.State-supportedcf. stateowned -, state-run.StanfordYale [ jeil]State university -cf. private university

MichiganOhioCalifornia Uni ersit of California

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CaliforniaUniversity of CaliforniaHarvardDartmouthIvycf. Ivy League(Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Dartmouth).

Prestigious< prestige.Combination - < combine.Standardize - < standardizationACTSATScholastic(=academic).AptitudeIn my caseConsequently(= as a result, in consequence). < consequence. Consequent.Do ones bestDorm(=dormitory)Even soFeelings of disappointmentTake a look aroundCampuscampus activitiescampus life

Hong KongMexicoVenezuelaAnd so on(=and so forth, etc. and what not.Cafeteriacf. (=coffee house).Pay attention toIn factTaiwan(=Formosa)

Share withcf. share A with BAssignment - < assignHardworking

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