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lLUNDS UNIVERSITETS ARSSKRIFT. N. F. Avd. 1. Bd 30. Nr 1.
,j
.11 .
i
.li THE
jl;
ENGLISH HUNDRED-NAMES
BY
oL0 f S. AND ER SON
,
LUND
P H I N T E D BY H A K A N D H L S S O N
I 934
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Introduction.
1. Scope and Aim. Terminology Discussed.
The local divisions known as hundreds though now practi
cally obsolete played an important part in judicial administration
in the Middle Ages. The hundr edal system as a wbole is first
shown in detail in Domesday - with the exception of some
counties and smaller areas - - but is known to have existed about
a hundred and fifty years earlier. The hundred is mentioned in
the laws of Edmund (940-6),' but no earlier evidence for its
existence has been found. The question of its origin has given rise
to much controversy. The older view2 that would associate the Eng
lish hundred with similar institution s on the Continent 'and inScandinavia seems now to be generally abandoned. According
to the view that now holds the field the hundred dates from the
10th century only, though it may have been preceded by some
older division, possibly one with a popular basis." But Chadwick'
gives evidence for thinking that the West Saxon hundred consisted
originally of a district annexed to a royal estate. This view has
recently been further developed by Miss Cam.o Corbett 6 assumes
that the hundredal system was extended to the counties between
the Thames and the Welland and to East Anglia and Essex in the
reign of .fEthelstan. Liebermann 7 was inclined to assign the
hundredal organisation as a whole to this reign.1 Liebermann, Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen II 516.
2 Cf. e. g. Stubbs, Constitutional History I 96 ff.; Vinogradoff, TheGrowth of the Manor 144 f.
3 V. Round, Feudal England 97 f.; Liebermann op. cit. s. v. hundred.
, Studies on Anglo-Saxon Institutions 233ff., 239-62.
, ERR 47, 353---76 (1932).
• Cambridge Medieval History m 366 (1924): as regards East Anglia,
cf. also Douglas, Medieval East Anglia 58 (1927); EHR 43, 380 (1928);
Feudal Documents from the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds CLlI et passim(1932).
7 Op. cit. 518, 10c f.
The English Hundred-Names xv n
I t does not fall within the scope of the present study to enter
on the details of the theories advanced; there are points that are
still controversial, an d some aspects of the question may repay
further study. I t is hoped that the etymological investigation
of the hundred-names undertaken in the following pages will,
when completed, furnish a starting-point for the discussion of
some of the problems connected with the origin of the hundred.
The following chapters will be devoted to the discussion of some
aspects of the system as actually in existence, which have some
bearing on the questions discussed in the etymological part, and
to some general remarks on hundred-names and the like as
embodied in the material now collected.
THE HUNDRED.
The hundred, it is generally admitted, is in theory at least a
district assessed at 100 (or 120) hides .' Evidence of this is given
by Round,2 Chadwick 3 and Maitland! In practice this is not
always discernible; the hundreds of many counties are rated at a
lower (or higher) figure. In many cases there is evidence for
assuming that a previously higher assessment may have been
reduced,o but tbe discussion of the variations in the number of
hides from hundred to hundred and from county to county involves
many technicalities that need not be entere'd upon here.
In Domesday an d in 12th an d 13th century records certain
hundreds are distinguished as 'double hundreds', 'hundreds an d a
half' or 'half hundreds'. Such hundreds are to be found only in
, By the time of Domesday the hide was a unit of assessment, but
originally it mu st have denoted a family holding. OE hIgid, hId is con
nected with hiwan, hiwscipe 'family, household', it is rendered teTra uniustamilice by Bede, and in charters teTra unius manentis, teTra unius casati,
teTra unius tributarii; mansa; cf. Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond
358 f. The older view of the origin of the hundred was that a hundred
originally ,consisted of a hundred householders or warriors. The view
expressed in more recent works is that the hundred is a district, on which
an assessment of a hundred hides has been imposed.
2 Op. cit. 49 f.• Op. cit. 240 ff.
4 Op. cit. 451-60.
5 Cf. e. g. Round op. cit. 49 ff., VRNp I 260; lIIaitland op. cit. 457 ff.;
Tait, VHSa I, 281 f.; The Domesday Survey of Cheshire (Chetham Society
N. S. 75) 16 ff.
2*
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XI XVIl l O. S. Anderson
certain counties, as far as my material goes chiefly in the east of
England. In the opinion of Miss Cam,' 'though double or half
hundreds may occasiona.lly indicate the fusion of two or the divi
sion of one, in many cases the terminology undoubtedly is due
to the imposition of two hundred, or a hundred and fifty, or fifty
hides upon a district'. Cases of double hundreds 2 where this may
hold good are Babergh Sf, Na.ssaborough Np and Normancross 3
Hu, but it does not seem impossible either that at least the two first
mentioned might be due to the combination of two earlier hundreds.
There is no record of such a procedure in these cases, it is true,
but there are some later instances of 'double .hundreds', undoubt
edly created out of two single ones (Blackbourn Sf, Sutton,
Fawsley Np) which might be quoted as parallels. Cases of 'hund
reds and a half" might seem more direct ly to support the view
that such hundreds merely reflect differences of assessment, but
it is perha.ps worth noticing that such hundreds always (i. e. as
far as my material goes) occur in groups of two or together with
a half-hundred: Mitford and Forehoe; Freebridge and ClackcloseNI; Samford and Cosford (half-hundred) Sf; Guilsborough and
Nobottle Grove; Wymersley and Higham Ferrer s Np. This might
lend some colour to a theory of division and combination. In one
case (Plomesgate Sf) a hundred formed in the l2th century
through the combination of a hundred with a half-hundred is
sometimes actually termed a hundredum et dimidium. Examples
of half-hundreds that adjoin are Diss and Earsham Nf, Lothing
land and Mutford Sf. In one or two cases, however, hundre ds
formed at a late period are termed half-hundreds merely on
account of their small areas (Exning and Thredling Sf). - A
division of hundreds in four parts known as ferthings occurs inEast A n g l i a . , ~ and a unique Thredling in Sf (below p. 91).
• ERR 47, 374 f.
2 OE two. hundred; Latin duo hundreda.
• The remaining Huntingdonshire hundreds, though in reality double
hundreds, are not expressly so termed.
• OE oper healt hundl'ed; Latin hundredum et dimidillm.
• Examples are: Ludham terding (Stenlon, ERR 37, 226 and note 3),
a fourth part of Rapping hd Nf; (in) Ferdingam de Ealdham (Aldham, Cos
ford hd Sf), terting de Almeham (the fourth part of Wangford hd, which
, belonged to t he bishop of Thetfor d, cf. RH JI 191) both in DB, and (de)
terdingo de Suoburna 1159 P (Sudbourne, Plomesgate hd; it is called
The English Hundred·Names
A term that also seems, at least occasionally, to denote a com
bination of hundreds is the 'ship-soke' (OE scipsocn, scipfyllefJ) ,
for which cr. BCS 1135. BT s. v. scipfyllep quote the passage from
this charter relating to the ship-soke, and also refer to ASC s. a.
1008 where it is apparently stated that from every three hundred
hides one ship should be f u r n i ~ h e d to the national fleet. 1 The word
also occurs in the Leges Henrici,' and three of the four Warwickshire hundreds (Knightlow, Kington and Hemlingford, below
p. 132 Cf.) were so termed in the 12th century. BT explain the ship
soke as a combination of three hundreds, ,and a similar view is
held by Dr Round, who makes the further suggestion that if the
service were. due at the rate of one man from every five hides,
three hundreds would supply 60 men, which seems to have been
the normal crew of one of Alfred's warships" One of the War
wickshire ship-sokes, that of Knighllow, actually consisted of three
hundreds (Brinklow, Marton and Stoneleigh), but the other two
do not seem to conform to the rule; Kington consisted of four
hundreds, and in Hemlingford only one hundred has been traced.The Domesday hidage of these hundreds does not seem to sup
port the view that a shipsoke consisted of 300 hides (three
hundreds),' but it is perhaps worth noticing that the County
Hidage 5 assigns 1200 hides to Warwickshire, which would be just
four blocks of three hundreds each. Blocks of three hundreds are
also met with in Buekinghamshire. 6
The employment of the hide as a unit of asseS8ment is seen
Sudbume hdT' 1160 P). - When in Abbot Samson's Kalendarium all the
leets of Babergh hd are termed ferthings (cf. Douglas, Feudal Documents
from t.he Abbey of Bury St Edmunds p. CLXVI) one may perhaps su
spect a generalisation; it is perhaps worth noticing that one of the leets
(the last in the list) seems actually to have been the fourth part of (one of)
the (two) hundred(s). - Round, Feudal England 101, points out that
Sudbury was also a quarter of Thingoe hd, and mentions the parallels of
Hunlihgdon and Wisbecb.1 Cf. also the note to the passage in Earle-Plummer's edition.
2 VI, 1: Ipsi uero comitatus in centurias et sipessocna distinguntur;
cf. Liebermann op. cif.. s. v. Schiff.
3 VHWo I 248; also Vinogradoff, English Society in th e 11th Cen·
tury 31.
• Cf. B. Walker, The Hundreds of Warwickshire, Ant.iquary 39, 183.
5 Maitland op. cit. 455 f.
• Liebermann op. cit. 519, 16a, and reference.
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XX Ix O. S. Anderson
clearly in such cases as the hundreds of Chester, Shrewsbury and
Cambridge mentioned in Domesday.' Shrewsbury hd, though in·
cluding practically only the town of Shrewsbury, is rated at 100
hides, and already Eyton remarks that this cannot be a territorial
hundred of the common kind;2 it must represent the assessment
laid upon the town itself. Nothing is gained by dealing with
these hundreds in the etymological part, and they have cOllse-quently been omitted.
In the case of Chester the term hundred had also another
application; it seems here to be used of the borough-court of
Chester.s There is further evidence of a similar m:age lat.er, the
term hundred being often applied to the courts of boroughs,
liberties or manors. Eyton notes the cases of Corfham and
Bridgnor th from Shropshire.' Shrewsbury is sometimes later
referred to as a hundred;" and an additional instance from
Shropshire is no doubt l lundr' Abbatis de Forieta 1203 Ass 732
m 3, referring to the liberty of Abbey Foregate 6 mentioned in
RH (l l f. 97). An example from Worcestershire is Hundr'mde
Duddeley 1276 RH referring to the barony of Dudley.7 Other
cases are mentioned by Ballard.s There is explicit reference to
this practice as regards the manor of Wotton in Gloucestershire;9
in the time of Elizabeth the earls of Warwick and Leicester
'endeavoured to erect a liberty therein and to call the same th8
hundred of Wotton . . . wherein they at last prevailed '. - In this
1 Cestre hvndr' f. 266 (2); Hvnd' Civitatis, Sciropesberie hd' f. 252;
Bvrgvm de Grentebrige pro uno hvndret se defendebat f. lS9. Instances
from East Anglia are: Dimidium Hundl'et de Gipesuuid II f. 289 (Ipswich;
also; Dim. hundredum de Gipeswiz 1199 P) ; H' de Norwic II f. 116 (Nor
wich); H' de Tetfod II f. 118 b. (Thetford).2 Antiquities of Shropshire, VI 347 and note 2.
• Tait op. cit. 32.
• Op. cit. V 192 and note 39; I 297, 306.
5 E. g. 1205 Ch 142: villam de Salopesberia cum hundredo ad illam
pertinente . .. predictum burgum Tel hundredum.
6 Abbey Foregate is now an eastern suburb of Shrewsbury. It was
granted to Shrewsbury Abbey by Earl Roger (Mon III 519).
, The hundred-court of Dudley is also referred to in the rpm II 14.
• British Borough Charters passim.
9 J. Smyth, Lives of the Berkeleys (Bristol and Gloucester Archreolo·
gical Society 1883-5) II 319. I owe this reference to the kindness of
Miss H. M. Cam.
The English H u n d r e d · N a m e ~
connexion mention may also be made of the ma.rcher lordships.
A hundred of Ellesmere is often mentioned in records,' but this
doubtless refers to the marcher liberty of Ellesmere, and the same
may be true of the hundred of Os,"estry often mentioned in the
12th and 13t.h centuries, though Eyton seems to take a different
view! In the statute abolishing the marcher lordships (1535),
Oswestry is expressly stated to have then been made into ahundred, like Wigmore, Huntington and Ewyas Lacy He."
'Hundreds' of this kind have been omitted from the etymological
part - some are not iced in passing below - as they only
represent late extensions of the meaning of the term hundred!
THE WAPE!'<TAKE.
In the counties of the northern Danelaw a division into wapen
takes is met with, corresponding to the hundreds of sout.hern Eng
land, and the term hundred is here applied to an altogether
different division.' The word wapentake is of Scandinavian origin
(ON vdpnatak), and the wapentake organisation itself is generally
acknowledged to have been founded by the Scandinavian immi
grants of the 9th and 10th centuries.6 The use of the word to ..
denote a territorial division seems to have been an innovation on
English soil, for no divisions so named are known from Scandi
navia. In ON the word means 'a vote of consent expressed by
wa.ving or brandishing weapons', and hence 'a vote or resolution
of a deliberative assembly'. The relation between this use of the
word and that found in England can only be tentatively ex
pressed (v. NED s. v. wapentake).
By the time of Domesday, Yorkshire (partly) , Lincolnshire,
Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Rutlandshire
, Eyton op. cit. X 242-5, 251.
2 Op. cit. -X 313 f.
3 Statutes lit Large, 27 Henry VIII; Chapter XXVI.
• The 'hund reds' of Brackley Np; Barton and Camps Ca, mentioned
in 1428 FA, apparently refer to deaneries; why they are termed hundreds
here is difficult to say.
" On these 'Danelaw hundreds' see more fully below p. XLV.
6 From the general point of view imposed on the material, the wapen
takes might seem to fall outside the scope of the present study, bu t a
glance through the following chapters and the material collected in the
etymological part, will, I think, show that it is hardly possible to carry
through such a distinction.
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X X III
I
1XXII O. S. Anderson
l
were divided into wapentakes. The term is also met with in the
Northamptonshire part of the survey where two hundreds (Opton
gren and Wicesle) are cal1ed alternately hundreds and wapen
takes, but otherwise it has not been found in use in the southern
Danelaw.1
The extent of the wapentake division in the north is
not quite clear. In Domesday no wapentakes are mentioned in
the western part of the North Riding of Yorkshire (Richmondshire,except Halikeld wap), and none in the north-western portion of
the West Riding (Craven), or in the adjoining parts of Lanca
shire, Cumberland and Westmoreland, which were ineluded with
Yorkshire in the survey. In the remaining counties in the north
of England no wapentakes are known to have existed, except
Sadberge wap Du, which is, however, in al1 probability a late
extension of the system! I f the wapentake division original1y
had the extent seen in Domesday (or approximately so), it would
more or less coincide with the extent of the Danish eolonisation
I
in the north of England.3 The question whether there existed a
hundredal division here before the Danish invasion is interesting.
This was assumed by the old school of historians,' but if the
wapentake and the hundred date from approximately the same
period, it is, of course, highly improbable. On the other hand, it
ha s been shown by Professor Stenton 5 that the hide was still the
agrarian unit in the Danelaw at the beginning of the 11th century,
and it does not seem impossible that these hides might have been
,1 Cr. also, however, the mention of eal wepentac in BCS 1130. As re
gards the wapentake of Optongren, the mention in LNPetrob (c. 1125) of
duo hundreta de Wapentach de Burch (p. 167) seems to suggest that
the term wapentake was only applied to the combined hundreds, but that
they were called hundreds singly; the Domesday usage might be due to
confusion of the original distinction. If so, this seems to be an example of
hundreds being combined to form a wapentake. Other instances have
been adduced from the East Riding of Yorkshire, but the interpretation of
these cases is still an open question (cf. below p. 11).
2 A district around Bamburgh (Nb) is sometimes in medieval times
called the wapentake of Bamburgh (Mawer PNNb XIV), but this seems to
be quite sporadic and is doubtless due to analogy.
3 Cr. also Jolliffe EHR 41,42.
• Cr. e. g. Taylor's explanation of the East Riding hundreds, belowp. 1l .
• Types of Manorial Structure in the Northern Danelaw (OxfordStudies in Social and Legal History, vo!. II), 88 H.
The English Hundred-Names
arranged in hundreds; it might also be noted that many wa,pell
takes are named from meeting-places bearing' Engl ish names,
which might be taken to point to the previolls existence of some
similar English division. But too mueh stress should not be laid
on this, and the whole question must be left open for the present.
In the latter half of the 12th century the wapentake division
had been extended to the whole of Yorkshire and to Lancashire,but later the use of the term was gradual1y restricted, and it has
now been superseded by 'hundred' in Rutlandshire, Leicestershire,
Derbyshire and Lancashire. For some reason unknown to me
three of the Lincolnshire divisions (Louthesk, Hill and Calceworth)
are now also known as hundreds. 'Wapentake' began to be ousted
by 'hundred' in Rutlandshire, Derbyshire and Leicestershire at
the end of the 12th or the beginning of the 13th century. In the
13th century there is vacillation between the two terms, but in
the 14th century 'hundred' is generally used. In Lanca;,;hire the
change did not occur till later. The reason no doubt that
'hundred' was in use in the greater part of England and was a
more familiar term than the foreign 'wapentake'; it is more diffi
cult to account for the fact that the latter term was retained i!l
some counties.
Some of the points raised above in the discussio n of the
terminology peculiar to the hundred also apply to the wapentake.
No 'double wapentakes' or 'wapentakes a half' are on record,
but there are a few cases of 'half wapentakes', though in these
cases usage seems to have varied (Halikeld, Oswaldbeck, Newark,
Lith, Rushcliffe; for Newark cf. Reg Ant 21). There are also some
cases of overlapping between wapentake and liberty, manor or
the like (Whitby Strand, Allerton, Howdenshire; probably also
Ollerton, Plumtree and Risley below p. 38). On the relation
between soke and wapentake v. Stenton op. cif. 44 f.
The Lancashire wapentakes were formedy also known as'shires', and some remarks might be appended here on the shire
system met with in the north of England. Districts called 'shires'
are known from several of the northern counties; but although
they are mostly small areas, wapentakes are seldom so called
outside Lancashire. The examples from Nb and Du are collected
by Mawer (PNNb XIV). North Riding examples are Allertonshire,
Mashamshire; also sometimes Gillingshire, Han!leshire, Halikeld-
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XXIV O. S. Anderson
shire, Bulmershire/ all names of wapentakes . Fro m the East
Riding only one instance is known, viz. Howdenshire, but the
West Riding offers several examples: Borgescire, Cmvescire DB
(Aldborough and Craven); Ripsire 1173 YCh 123, Rypshire 1375
Pa t (Ripon); Sorobisir' 1196 Cur, Sourebysyr' 1234 Cl et passim
(Sowerby); Kyrkebyscire 1254 et passim Fount (Kirkby Malzeard);the only instance that has survived to the present day is Hallam
shire (Halumsira 1161 YCh 1268 et passim; cf. p. 2 ib.). Most of
these names apparently denote a district dependent on a manor,
Borgescire the district dependent on Aldborough, Ripsire that
dependent on Ripon and so on, but exceptionally 'shire' is added
to the name of a district, as in the case of Craven, or to that of a
wapentake meeting-place, as Hangeshire, Halikeldshire. The
origin and history of the shire have been investigated by Jolliffe!
He finds evidence for the existence of a shire-system in Lanca
shire, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Northumberland, Durham, in
the western part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and in the
northern part of the West Riding. According to him the shire
system represents an old Northumbrian institution, which waspartly superseded by the organisation of the Danelaw.
TilE WARD.
The four northern counties, Cumberland, Westmoreland, Northum
berland and Durham are divided into wards, a division commonly regard
ed as equivalent to the hundreds and wapentakes of the rest of England.
In the 13th and following centuries the ward had the same fiscal and juris
dictional functions as the hundred and the wapcntake, it is true, but there
can be little doubt that it is of quite distinct origin. There seems to be a
consensus of opinion that the wards are of post-Conquest creation, and
a late origin seems also to be suggested by the nature of their names.
It has consequently not been found necessary to include the names of the
wards in the etymological part, but some notes on this division might be
useful, and may suitably be appended here.
Cumberland is divided into five wards: Allerdale ward above Der
went, Allerdale ward below Derwent, Cumberland ward, Eskdale ward,
and Leath ward. They are mentioned as ballivQ' in 1279 (Lith' et· Eske-
dale; Ball'ia de Cumb' et Aleredale Ass 131 m G, 9d), and are called
wards in 1332 (Warde de Lyth' (gen.), Eskedale .. . Warde, Allerdale .. .Warde SR 90/2 m 6, m 14-17, m 18--20 d).
1 Hichmondshire seems to have ranked as a separate county, v.
PNNR 218.
2 EHR 41, 1-42.
. ~ 1
The English Hundred-Names xx v
Westmoreland is divided into four wards: Lonsdale ward, Kendal
ward, East ward, and West ward. The last-mentioned seems to be refer
red to as Le Westwarde 1371 Pat, though it is assigned to Cumber land in
the index, but otherwise no early references to the Westmoreland wards
have been met with. No wards are mentioned on the assize or subsidy rolls;
at the assizes the whole county (corpus comitatus) was represented by 12
jurors, and the viii of Appleby by 12 jurors.
Northumberland is di""ided into six wards; from the north: Glen
dale ward, Bamburgh ward, Coquetdale ward, Morpeth ward, Castle ward,
and Tindale ward. Certain liberties were not included in any ward, as
Norham and Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire, Bellingham and Redesdale. The
latter is sometimes called Redesdale ward (Kelly). Six of the townships
of Elsdon pa r are also known as wards (Elsdon ward, Monkridge ward,
Otterburn ward, Rochester ward, Troughend ward, and l,voodside ward),
but no early references to these wards have been met with. In the early
assize rolls the county is divided into two wardS, or ballivO?; in 1256
(Surt 88) into Balliva ex parte australi de Koket (the river Coquet), or
ballh'a inter Tynam et Coket (p. 103); and Balliva de Northekoket or
Balliva ex aquilonari parte de Coket (p. 131); on this roll balliva de
Tyndal' is also mentioned. In 1279 (ib.) the divisions are called Pars
Comitatus ex parte boreali ultra aquam de Coket, and Pars Comitatus
citra Coket; the same terminology is found on the 1293 roll (Ass 651); the
latter division is here also called Ballia i1lter Tyne et Coket (m 19), orBallia cytra Coket (m 12). In RH (1275), on the other hand, a divis'on
approaching that now in use is met with; Wam'a de Glendale, Warda de
llammeburg' (sic), Warda de Kokedal', and Warda de Tindale are mentio
ned, but the modern :r.Iorpeth and Castle wards are still called Tyne et
Coket. In the SR of 1297 (SR 158/1), the latter district is divided into two
wards corresponding to :r.Iorpeth and Castle wards, but called Ward' inter
Wanspick (the Wansbeck) et Coket, and Ward' inter Tynam et Wanspik'
respectively; the former name was later shortened to Warda de Inter
(Ward' Inter Wanspick et Coket .. . Summa totius Warde de Inter SR 158/1
m 30-23, Warda de Inter 1346 FA, Interward 1360 Pat; in 1346 FA the
present Castle ward is also included under Inter). No early references
have been found to the names of Morpeth and Castle wards (cf. also J.
Hodgson, History of Northumberland pt Il , vol. Il 369). They are derived
from those of Morpeth and Newcastle (NolJum Castrmn super Tynam)
respectively.Durham is divided into four wards: Chester ward, Darlington ward,
Easington ward, and Stockton ward, named from Chester le Street, Dar
lington, Easington and Stockton respectively. The earliest reference to
the Durham wards, and the earliest reference to the organisation as a
whole, that has been met with is from 1237 Cl, where they are called ballia
de Cestr', ballia de Derlint'. ballirt de Esington', and ballia de Stoketon'.
The same arrangement is met with in the assize roll of 1242 (Warda de
Esigtone; balliua de Stoketone, Derlingtone). The u'ard Of Cestre is men
tioned in 1277 Pat. Cf. also VHDlI III 191 ff., but the view taken there of
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] Q1
o. S. AndersonXVIThe English IIundred·Names XXVII
the date of the organisation of 8tockton ward, L e. lhat it dales from the
13th or early 141h century, cannot be upheld.
The names of the wards indicate that they were organised OD old
divisions detennined by rivers and river valleys, or as districts dependent
on some castle or manor. The practice, illustrated by the Dames of the
Northumberland wards, of describing a district as lying between two ri"vers
was no t limited to these names bu t is of common occurrence in this part
of England. Durham is sometimes called. 'between TynE' and Tees';Northnmberland an d Durham aTe called inter l'heyse er 1'1'pde 1226 Pat.
Expressions like inter l'ynam et Coket, inter l'uedam. et Coket (e. g. 1212
Fees) are often met with. The only name that might seem to be of the
same type as is common in the hundred -names of ~ o u t h e f J l England is
Leath Cu, from ON hliiJ 'slope', bu t it seems quite possible that this may be
an old name of the district included in this w:nd; similar names of di
stricts are found in Yorkshire (ef. bel ow p. 3 ff., a.lso PNNR 42); it is
perhaps t.he district-name that is often added to the name of Ainstable in
early sources (Amstapelid' 1178 P, Einstapeleth 1210 FF (Y), v. Lindkvist
41).
n. Types of Hundred-Names. Changes. English an d
Scandinavian Names.
Three main types of hundred-names may be distinguished,
names denoting a district, a meeting-plac.e, or a manOr. The names
of the first of these group8 are of vario us kinds. Some are old
tribal name::, as Happing, Lodding Nf, Ludinga, Blything Sf,
probably Dickering YER ( w ~ l p e n t a k e ) , derivatives in OE -ingas;
Mersete, probably Rvesset Sa, and perhaps 8tepleset He,
compounds in OE sretan; Clenc1.rare and Lymrare Nf in OE ware.
A name like Happing b e l o n g ~ to the earliest strata of English
PNs, and here a modern hundred-name corresponds to the name
of a community dating from the Anglo-Saxon settle ment. Other
examples of ing-names are found in the Saxon area and in Kent.
Examples of hundred-names in -siPtan have been found only in
the western eounties. The names in -ware adduced from Norfolkare dou btful cases, see below p. 63 f. - Late hundre d-na me s
denoting areas are generally of small interest. They are common
in the n o r t h ~ in the names of wapentakes, as Pickering Lythe,
RyedaJe , LOJlsdale etc. Cases in point are also e. g. Biscopes hd,
Sf. Nassaborongb hd Np, East hd Rn, Halfshire hd Wo, WirraJ]
hd Ch, etc. Often these late names have replaced earlier namesof meeting-places.
JThe second group of hundred-names, those denoting hundred
meeting-places, also includes names of differen t types. Typica l1
examples of such names are e. g. Staine Ca 'the stone(s)', HamI
fordshoe Np ~ E a n f e r p l s hill', Alnodestre1} Sa ' ..~ U n o p l s tree'.
Names like these) which [Ire mere natnre-names must denote the
place where the men of the hundre'd used to gather . Though n ot
all the pla.ces in question can be proved to have been used forthis purpose, there is direct evidence of meetings having been
held at them in a sufficient number of cases to render this certain.
Hundred-names like Spelhoe Np 'the speech-hill', or Hundredesberi
Do lthe barrow of the hundred 1 (Fa.gersten) are suggestive.
Of a slightly different nature are those cases where a hundred
name is ' preserved in the name of a settlement. In cases like
Cosford Sf, Normancross Hu, Foxley, l\-Iawsley NP1 Pathlow Wa,
Seisdon, Totmonslow St, 'Vittery Sa, Elsdon He, and among
wapentake-names Aggbrigg, Staincross Y'VR, and others, which
according to maps and gazetteers denote hamlets, farms and the
like, there need be no hesitation that the hundred-names originally
denoted meeting-placesand that
such hundreds ,vere named, notfrom the hamlets, farms etc. themselves, but from the same naturSll
features that gave names to these places. Such Rettlement:: arc
probably for the most part late - some are aPPilrently quite
recent - and may have arisen quite accidentally :\t.a hundred
meeting-place. If 'Vittery Sa is to be derived from OE *-u:itena
treo meaning 'the tree of the men of the hundred' this is of course
clear case.
When we pass on to hundred-names that are also names of
more important places, villages and the like, there may be room
for more hesitation. Though there are a numbu of well-defined
cases that must be assigned to the third of the groups mentioned
above, including hundred-names derived from the capita of hundreds,
it is difficult to draw a hard and fast line between this group andgroup two. Further it might be argued that even though a hundred
doe'S not take its name from a village because it ha.d its ad
ministrative centre there, it may do so because the hundred-court
was held in its vicinity, and that the name thus does not denote
the actual meeting-place. This may, of course, sometimes be the
reason/ but I think that it may be assumed even here that in
1 Certain examples of this are found, but lhey are late and sporadic:
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XXVIII O. S. Anderson
many cases a hundred bearing the same name as a village in the
hundred was not necessarily named from this village itself, but
that, on the other hand, village and hundred were named from the
same natural feature or object, i. e. from the hundred meeting
place. There is nothi ng very remarkable in this, for there are
many known instances of towns, villages and the like being
named from meeting-places, e. g. Finedon Np, Fingest Bk, Thing
hill He (OE ping); Matlask Nf (OE mmpel-f£se); Modbury Dv,
Mottram Ch (OE gemot); Spellow La (OE spell); Spetchley Wo
(OE spiRe), and others. If OE stow may have the sense of 'meeting
place' as suggested below, the hundred-name Stow (Sf, Ca) is a case
in point. A clear case is Lackford Sf, the name of a hundred and a
village, because here the village is no t in the hundred of Lackford,
but in the adjacent hundred of Thingoe, and can obviously not
have given name to the hundred. Both village and hundred alike
must derive their names from the ford at Lackford Bridge, about
a mile to the north-west of the village, on the boundary of Lack
ford hd, which must have been the hundred meeting-place. I think
evidence of this kind entitles' us to judge other similar cases inthe same way, such, for instance, as Whittlesford Ca or Stretford
He; other possibly analogous cases are Blofield Nf, Claydon Sf,
Cheveley, Thriplow Ca, and others. Hundred-names which are
not original nature-names are more doubtful. Hundreds like
Tunstead, Shropham (if from OE ham) Nf, Willaston Ch, Patton
Sa may be named from originally holding their courts at the settle
ments so named, or else from meeting somewhere in their neigh
bourhood, but there seems to be no means of deciding which
alternative is the correct one; on the whole such names seem to
be of less interest.
To the third of the groups mentioned above :3uch hundred
names are assigned as are obviously derived from the names of
manors to which the hundreds were appurtenant, and where they
had their administrative centres. I f direct evidence to this effect
Strafforth wap YWR is once referred to as the wap of Mexborough, appa
rently because its meeting-place was at a ford in Mexborough. Cleley hd
Np is once referred to as Potterspury hd, because meeting near that place.
Forehoe hd Nf meeting near Carleton Forehoe is called hd of Fourehowe
Carleto71 1363 Pat. Other possible examples are noted llelow under Apple
tree Db, Radfield Ca and Willybr ook Np. Cf. also below p. XXXVII.
XXIXhe English Hundred-Names
has been met with 1 it has as a rule been noted in each case below.
I t is hardly possible for lack of evidence to distinguish neatly
between groups two and three, but the uncertain cases are fairly
few in number."
Hundre d-names differ from place-names in general in being
far more unstable. It is rare for a place to change its name, bu t
hundreds very often do so. Especiall y in certain of the counties
dealt with hardly any of the hundred-names found in Domesday
have survived up to the present time. I t seems probable that
such' changes may have taken place also before Domesday; the
hundred-names recorded in OE are few, and there is thus not
much to go upon, but there are at least one or two examples of
changes in hundred-names taking place already in OE times. A
change in name is often connected with a change in area. or with
the combination of two or more hundreds. This is chiefly true of
the cases in' which old names of meeting-places are replaced by
others of the same kind, and as a matter of course more seldom
applies to cases where the new name is of a different type from
the old one, i. e. where old names of meeting-places are replacedby district-names or by names denoting capita of hundreds.
Changes of the latter kind are frequent, and a collective
~ l c c o u n t of them may not be devoid of interest. Examples of the
former category are: Die: Pickering Lythe, Maneshou: Ryedale
YNR; (?)Blackwell: High Peak Db; Diean or Opton.qren: Nassa
borough Np; Cressela1_', Cl ent, Came and Eseh : Halfshire Wo;
Willaston : Wirral Ch; sometimes there is vacillation, bu t the olel
name may hold its own, as Wormelow: Archenfield Hc. - Examples
of names denoting meeting-places being replaced by such
1 The whole question of the hundred and the hundredal manor is
fully dealt with by Miss Cam (ERR 47,353-376). I owe much to her sug
gestive handling of the problem.
2 The names belonging to this group are of little interest for the lineof investigation followed in this thesis, and might have been omitted from
the etymological part. But for the reason just stated this was hardly
practicable, and from a practical point of view also it seemed better to
include them, as their omission would have left awkward gaps in the
series of hundred-names. They have generally been very summarily dealt
with, however; if possible, a reference only has been given, and in the case
of late names, Dot recorded as hundred-names in Domesday, no etymology
has generally been given. This may have led to some inconsistency, but,
it is hoped, none of a serious character.
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Ixx x
O. 8. Anderson
denoting capita of hundreds are: Bolesford: Bulmel' YNR; Ham-
menstan: Wirksworth Db; Lith: Thurgarton Nt; (?)Winfarthing:
Diss Nf; Alboldestou:Sutton, Foxley:Green's Norton, Grauesende
and Alwardeslca: Fawsley Np; 1'remelav, Honesberie, Fexltole and
Barcheston: (?)Kington Wa; Hamestan: Macklesfield, Middlewich
: Northwich, Warmundcstrov: Nantwich, Dudestan: Broxton Ch;
Witetrev: Chirbury Sa. Cases of vacillati on are: Blackenhurs t:Evesham Wo; North Greenoe: Wighton NI. - The displacement
of names denoting meeting-places is thus a common phenomenon;
it may almost be said to amount to a general tendency. It does
not seem too bold an assumption that some hundreds named from
their administrative centres in Domesday may have had earlier
names of meeting-places, but nothing definite can be proved. Miss
Cam would put the association of hundreds and manors back to
very early times, and, if I am not mistaken, is inclined to see in
this practice the origin of the hundredal system.' It seems to me
that the evidence of the nomenclature might point in a different
direction, but it would lead too far to enter upon this question here.
When two or more hundreds are r,ombined there is, quite
naturally, bound to be some change in the nomenclature of the
hundreds. Often when the constituent hundreds are named from
their respective meeting-places, it is only a question of applying
the name of the meeting-place of one of the hundreds to the whole
of the new one; instances are: Blackbourn, Plomesgate Sf, Huxloe,
Orlingbury, Wymers)ey Np, Bucklow Ch, Radlow, Grey tree He;2
but occasionally a new name of this type is met with. Examples
are Knightlow Wa (Brinklow, Marton and Stoncleigh), Oswalds
low Wo (Cuoburgehlawe, Wulfereslaw and Winburgetrowe),'
(?)Eddisbury Ch (Roelwl) and Risetone); Bradford Sa (Hodnet
and Wrockwardine); Mnnslow Sa (Cvlvestan and Patton), Grims
worth He (Stepleset and C1.,tethorn), Broxash He (Thornlav and
'Op. cit. 370 ff.
2 In some, generally late cases both old names are combined, e. g.
lIforIeston and Litchurch Db, Bradley Haverstoe, Boothby Graffoe, Winni
briggs and Threo Li, Galowebrothyrcros Nf; Mutford and Lothingland,Bosmere and Claydon Sf.
• Oswaldslow hd can hardly be said to be combined from three
hundreds, but as the question here is of names only, it is perhaps permissible to express the relation in this way.
The English Hundred-Names XXXI
Plegeliet) Webtree He (constituents uncertain).' As regards
Knightlow and Oswaldslow, forming 'ship-sokes', it seems fairly
certain that the constituent hundreds besides having courts of
their own also had a common court from an early period at the
place from which the new name is taken. A somewhat similar
explanation might apply to combinations of two hundreds, but
on this mOre will be said below.It is rare for one single hundred to exchange the old name of
its meeting-place for another of the same type. Examples are
Birdforth YNR (uncertain), Claro YWR (the Domesday Gereburg
ma y be the name of an old meeting-place, but the regular older
name is Borgescire, the name of the district), Barlichway, Hemling
ford Wa, Blackenhurst vVo, Brimstree, Stottesdon, Purslow Sa.
Hemlingford is, however, perhaps to be judged differently, as this
was a 'ship-soke', and may possibly have consisted of more hund
reds than one. Blackenhurst, Brimstree and Stottesdon have u n d e r ~ gone great changes in area, and hardly correspond to anyone oM
hundred. Some cases, e. g. Ford Sa, Repton Db, Skirbeck Li, are..
uncertain. It is not known whether, in these cases, the new name
denotes a meeting-place. - Pimhill Sa is the only case that has
been noted of a hundred exchanging the early name of its caput
for an apparently later name of a meeting-place. Bu t it seems
permissible to assume that the hundred-name of Pimhill may have
been in existence at the time of Domesday, though perhaps tem
porarily replaced by that of Baschurch, the caput of the hundred.
- Cases like Witchley: East and Wrangdike Ru, where an old
hundred has been split up into two new ones will be dealt withbelow.
A considerable number of the names of the hundreds and
wapentakes of the Danelaw are of Scandinavian o r i ~ i n . They are,
as might be expected, most numerous in counties like Lincoln or
York; in Lincolnshire the Scandinavian hundred-names, if no t inthe majority, are at least as common as the English ones; but
they also occur in considerable numbers in the southern Danelaw,
most frequently in Norfolk, bu t instances are also met with in
Suffolk, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire. The distribution
of the Scandinavian hundred-names has important historical
1 The East Riding cases offer problems of their own, and have not
been included here.
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XXXII O. S. Anderson
bearings, and some notes on it might be given here. The ground
has been covered previously by Professor Ekwall;l for particulars
reference may also be made to the etymological part. Scandi
navian hundred-names may be taken to be a clear indication of
Scandinavian ascendency,2 and it has been assumed that such
names ma y have replaced earlier English ones;' bu t it is certainly
possible to place a qui te diffe rent .interpretation on the evidence.No detailed treatment of the historical aspects of the question is
aimed at, bu t it ma y be worth noting that there are a few cases of
hundreds bearing Scandinavian names, where the place-nomen
clature as a whole points to a strong Scandinavian element among
the population. One is Walec1'Os (Repton) Db (cf. below p. 36),
another is Flegg Nf, the most thoroughly Scandinavianised part
of the county with many names in -by! I t might also be noted
that in Norfolk there is a group of hundreds with Scandinavian
names (Grimshoe, Guiltcross, Wayland, S. Greenhoe) in the
neighbourhood of Thetford, which ma y be assumed to have been
a centre of Scandinavian colonisation." 'fhingoe Sf (with Risby),
though a less marked case, also points to the existence of a
Scandinavian colony." In Huntingdonshire two out of four hund
reds have Scandinavian names. These cases, on the other hand,
might point to a d iffere nt issue, for here place-nomenclature
generally does not indicate any considerable Scandinavian im
migration. The two hundred-names are actually the only instances
of Scandinavian PNs that have been noted in these hundreds!
But very likely the Scandinavian element was stronger than indi
cated by the place-names.
1 IPN 87 f.
2 Op. cit.
3 Cf. PNBeds 180.
• In Lincolnshire, for instance, there is of course evidence of a strong
Scandinavian element in many hundreds bearing Scandinavian names. but
this is not particularly striking, as the Scandinavian element is strong in
the county as a whole. It is possible, however, that a detailed study of
the PNs might elicit cases similar to those mentioned above. It is perhaps
worthy of note that in Holland where Scandinavian PNs generally are
not very numerous (Ekwall op. cit. 83) all three old hundred-names seem
to be English.
" Ekwall, op. cit. 82.
" Op. cit. 83.
7 PNBeds XIX f.
The English Hundred·Names X X X III
Ill. Names of Meeting-Places.
As. regards the names belonging to the first and to the third
of the groups dealt with in the preceding chapter the notes that
have already been given ma y suffice, bu t the second group of
names, those denoting places where hundred-moots were held,invites a more detailed examination. The subject may be ap
proached from different angles - an investigation of the meeting-,
places from the point of view of arch:£ology or folk-lore, for in
stance, is sure to yield interesting results - but here a grouping
of the names on philological lines is chiefly aimed at.
English and Scandinavian names may be dealt with separately,
for though of the same general type, and though to some extent
revealing similar fashions in the choice of places of assembly, ye t
from' a linguistic point of view they had better be' kept apart.
Within each of these groups different kinds of names may be
distinguished. Certain names denote the place itself, in or by
which the gatherings took place, but in other cases a reference to
some object, a tree, a stone, or the like, was thought sufficient totmark the meeting-place of a hundred. In few cases only is there
direct reference to the activities carried on there (Spelhoe Nf, perhaps Wittery Sa; cf. also Carlfo rd Sf. Thingoe Sf is an
example of a Scandinavian hundred-name of a similar kind).
A large group of hundred-names refers to hills or mounds.
Some of these at least are very conspicuous hills, which afford a
commanding view of the country-side fOT miles around. I t seems
likeJy that such sites were chosen as being' remote, and where
interference was most easily avoided.
OE hyll itself is not very common in the district now dealt with. Examples
are: Hill Li; IIarthill YER, Coleshill Wa, Pi rehill St· (very likely 'look-outhill'), and Pimhill Sa. Other elements are:
OE hOh: ?Claro YWR; ?Sparkenhoe Le; ?Graffoe, Elloe Li ; ?GalIow Nf,Staploe Ca; Spelhoe, Hamfordshoe Np.
OE cUt: Staincliff YWR, Rushcliffe Nt.
OE dun: (?)Repton Db; Loveden Li; Smithdon Nf; Claydon Sf; Seisdon St:
Tunendune, Risedon Ch; Stottesdon Sa; Elsdon He.
The first elements of Loveden, Tunendune and Elsdon are pns.
In the case of Loveden it seems very likely that the hill was
named from one of the men buried in a tumulus on its top, and
3·
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XXXIV O. S. Anderson
a similar explanation might apply to the two other names. :Many
hundred-names in OE ltl i iw and beorg that have pns for their first
elements no doubt also refer to meeting-places ;.t burial-mounds.
This seems certain in the case of Offlow St, and very likely as
regards Thriplow Ca. Local investigat ion might decide the sense
of these elements in a greater number of the names, but in a consi
derable number of the cases the sites are unknown. Strictl y, suchof these names as denote mounds should not be grouped with those
denoting hills; for reasons of convenience both groups are dealt
with here, though I do not regard this arrangement as final.
Examples are:
OE Mow: Beltisloe Li; Thriplow Ca; Huxloe Np; Cui}burgehlal1'e, Wulteres-
law, Oswaldslow Wo; Offlow, Totmonslow St; Purslow, ?Munslow Sa have
pns as first elements. Some of these doubtless denote mounds, but e. g.
Oswaldslow Wo seems to denote a hill. Tremelav Wa, if correctly explai
ned below no doubt denotes mounds; other cases of which this may be
true are Bassetlaw Nt and Pathlow Wa, though at least the latter may
also be the name of a hill. Na mes that are more likely to denote hills are
Knightlow, Brinklow Wa, Cresselav Wo, Bucklow, Roelav Ch, Thornlav,
Radlow, Wormelow He. Some of these are known to do so. (De)rinlav Sa
is doubtful.OE beorg: ?Langbargh YNR, Babergh Sf, Honesberie Wa, Fissesberge Wo.
The first of these denotes a hill; the second may denote either a hill or
a mound. The sites of the twa last-mentioned are lost.
There is a group of hundred-names in OE stow, whose meaning
is not quite certain, but which may perhaps be mentioned in this
connection. When occurring alone as a hundred-name it seems
possible that the sense of the word may be 'meeting-place' (cf.
above), but occasionally it is compounded with a pn as a first el.
Examples are Broxtowe Nt, Alboldestov Np, and Alstoe Ru. A case
like Alstoe which is now the name of a tumulus may suggest that
such names denote burial-places, and if this is correct these three
names may be grouped with those of the names jUf't menticmedwhich denote burial-mounds.
A good meeting-place should be easily accessible from different
quarter s. As a rule one finds hundred meeting-places situated on
roads or tracks, often at a point where two or more roads or
tracks join or cross. This is so common that 1t seems likely that
cross-roads may have been regarded as especially advantageous
for other reasons than convenience also. It is particularly notice-
The English Hundred-Names xxxv
able that many hundred meeting-plaees are on Roman roads, or
on other old import ant ones. This emphasises the large part these
old roads must have played in communieat ion from early times
onwards. The names themselves seldom refer to roads - the only
instances that belong here are Barlichway Wa, Wolmersty Li and
Ainsty YVVR, if English - but there is a large group of namefl
in OE ford (wa;d) , which may be referred to this group. Water ways were an important and easy means of eommunication,
espeeially at an early periou, and a ford that might beapproaeheu
both by road and by river would therefore be a partieularly eli
gible spot for gatherings. In several cases the fords that are
known to have been hundred meeting-places earried a Roman
road, and -in two instanees there is speeial reference to this
(Strafforth YWR, Stretford He).
Other instances are: (?)Birdforth, Bultord YNR; Eynsford, Mitfard,
also Depwade Nf; Carlford, Cosford, Lackford, (?)Mutford, Samford,
Wangford, Wilford Sf; Armingford, Chilford, Whittlesford, Witchford Ca;
Navisford Np; Hemlingford Wa; Bradford Sa...OE brycg may also be said to belong here; examples are: ?Winnibriggs
Li, ?Freebridge Nf, Risbridge Sf; though such names would seem to be ofa more modern character than those in ford. Hut Risbridge, far instance,
must have denoted a very primitive sort of a bridge.
There is a well-marked group of hundred-names denoting
meeting-plaees in clearings or woous. Here belong names in OE
leak; examples are: Bradley Li; (Fuwelege Nf); Cheveley, Wether
ley Ca; Alwardeslea, Cleley, Foxley, Mawsley, Wymersley Np;
Witchley, Martinsley Uu. Some of these doubtless denote
clearings, such as Bradley, Wetherley, Cleley; perhaps Foxley;
but those whieh have pns for their fin,t elements may theoretically
at least denote woods, in whieh the hundred-courts were held.
Such hundred-names might be compared with the common
Scandinavian names in lundr. But as these hundred-names
- with the exception of Bradley and Fuwelege - have a markedlyloea,] distribution, one should perha,ps rather aSflign the same
meaning to the whole group. Names certainly denoting woods are
few in number in the counties now dealt with. The only examples
are Holt Nf and Nobottle Grove Np; Orlingbury Np may be another.
Blackenhurst anu Dryhurst Wo may also belong here; d. also
Grauesende Np. - Names of the same nature as those in lCah are
Blofield Nf, and Radfield Ca in OE feld.
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XXXVI O. S. Anderson
Hundred-names denoting earth-works are Guilsborough Np,
perhaps Eddisbury Ch, and probably Stotfold Np. Launditch Nf
and FIendish Ca denote meeting-places on dykes. - A number of
other names belonging to the type dealt with in the preceding
paragraphs, but not included here, will be found in the material.
No completeness has been aimed at, and many of the remaining
names cannot now be assigned to definite groups. In these as inthe following paragraphs only a selection is given in order to
illustrate the grouping of the names. As a large part of the
material remains to be published, the inclusion here of every name
dealt with, in the etymological part seemed to no purpos e. A
complete survey of the names on lines similar to those indicated
in this chapter will be a feature of the completed volume.
In the hundred-names dealt with above there is a general
reference to the site where the meetings took place, but fre
quently hundred-names refer to some particular spot or object,
which may be assumed to have been the centre of the gather
ings of the hundred-court. These sites generally share the cha
racteristics of those referred to above; they are often on hills or
roads, or they may have been in clearings; but the difference is
that here those general features were not uppermost in the minds
of the name-givers. Occasionally hundred meeting-places may
have been marked by a post or the like for recognition - a possible
instance is Staploe Ca -, and we know that at a later period they
were often provided with some erection for the convenience of
those attending the court, bu t the cases here alluded to are those
where a hundred was named from some object which for some
particular tradition or convention ha d been chosen as the centre
of its gatherings. The most common names of this type are those
in OE stiin and treo with names of different kinds of trees; referencet
may also be made, however, to what ,was said above as regards It
OE hliiw and beorg. i OE treo: ?Yarlestre YNR; Thedwestry Sf; Doddingtree, Winburgetrowe j
Wo; Warmundestrov Ch; Alnodestrev, Brimstree, Condetret, Wittery Sa; Ireytree, Webtree, Wimundestrev He.
Names of different kinds of trees: iiCompounds in OE treo: Appletree Db; Hesetre He. OE fic: Skyrack YWR. 1OE IESC: Esch Wo; ?Chikenesse Wa; Bromsash, Broxash He; possibly iLouthesk Li; Barkston Ash YWR may also be mentioned.
}OE porn: Cvtethorn He; cf. also Thornlwv ib. ':1
f
The English Hundred-Names XXXVII
Names like these probably refer to some single, prominent tree.'
.Most of the names in treo have pns as first elements; the fact that
such trees were often named from persons perhaps indicates that
they were boundary-marks of the estate of the man or woman
from whom they arc named, for hundred meeting-places are often
on boundaries. Or they may sometimes mark a burial-place; in
two Sussex charters 2 the same place is referred to as Tatmmmes
apolder and his beorgels.
OE stun occurs in: Staine Ca; Hammenstan Db; Guthlaxton Le; CuttJeston
St; Dvdestan, Exestan, Hamestan Ch; Cvlvestan Sa; Hurstingstone Hu;
Morleston Db; Leightonstone Hu; Coltrewestan Np.
In onc case only have we the word stan itself without qualifica
tion, but similar hundred-names arc met with elsewhere. In the
majority of cases there is a pn as qualifying element. I t seems
a reasonable assumption that these were stones erected in memory
of some important person, a chieftain or the like, round which the
men of the hundred used to gather. One might compare the com
mon Scandinavian hundred-names in -cross. In onc instance
(IIurstingstone) the first cl. is a tribal name, and in the three in
stances mentioned at the end the stone is distinguished by refe
rence to a neighb ouring place. This type of hundred-name is not
limited to those in stan, however. The instances that have been
met with are the following: Morleston Db, Leightonstone Hu,
Optongren, Nobottle Grove, Coltrewestan Np; Bingham wap Nt
is similarly called Bingameshov in DB, but in later sources the
name is invariably Bingham only. Similar vacillation is met with
in the case of Optongren, Nobottle Grove and Coltrewestan. A
case in point is perhaps also Bassetlaw Nt. Here may also be
mentioned cases like Louthesk Li, Wormelow He, which have a
river name for their first cl. The meaning of such names is no
doubt generally 'the stone etc. near' such and<'Ueh
a place, butnames like Optongren and NDbottle Grove may mean 'Upton Com
1 It has been suggested that OE treo may mean 'cross' in PNs (PNBeds
XXXVIII), on the strength of the W form eroes Oswald (e. g. 1254 Norwich)
of Oswestry (Oswaldestreo). But it seems hardly possible to draw any
general conclusions from this isolated case. It might also be noted for
what it is worth that in Giraldus Cambrensis Oswaldestroe is glossed by
Oswaldi arborem.
2 BCS 834, 1125.
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XXXIX
I
XXXVIII O. S. Anderson
mon' and 'the wood common to the men of Nobottle', for a notable
feature of hundred meeting-places is that they are often on
commons or heaths; cf. also .Manhood hd Sx, and Mallgrave PNNp 9.
t
It will have been noticed from the foregoing exposition that
there is a marked distribution of different hundred-name elements
to different parts of the district included. Hundred-names in ford
are, as already noted by Professor Mawer,' very common in EastAnglia (with Cambridgeshire), but they are rare in the rest of
the area included. Names denoting trees, on the other hand, are
a1most exclusively limited to the western counties. Names in
huh have not been met with west of Northants, but in the western
counties names in hliiw are much more common than in the eastern
ones. Hundred-names in leak are (apart from Bradley Li and the
doubtful Fuwelege Nf) limited to Cambridgeshire, Northampton
shire and RutJand where they are common. It would be of some
interest to see how far this distribution is continued in the Sa.xon
area, but no complete survey can be undertaken here. There are
a fair number of -fords in Essex, and four tree-names in
Gloucestershire; the area where hundred-names in leak are com
mon apparently extends into Buckinghamshire. The distribution
of the different types of hundred-names is no doubt, to some extent
at least, to be connected with the distribution of place-name
elements generally; place-names in -tree for instance aTe probably
more common in the western counties than elsewhere, but it is
hardly possible to work this out in detail at present. I t is also
partly due to the nature of the country-si de. Names in leak,
for instance, can only be common in a well-wooded district.
Of Scandinavian hundred-names those in lundr, haugr and
kross are the most common types.
ON lundr: Framland Le; Aveland Li; Wayland Nf; Toseland Hu: Neves-lund Np.
ON haugr: Maneshou YNR; ?Huntow, Toreshov YER; Aslacoe, Candleshoe,
?Graffoe, Haverstoe, Langoe, Threo, Wraggoe Li; '?Gallow, N. and S.
Greenoe, Grimshoe, Forehoe Nf; Thingoe Sf.
ON kross: Buckrose, Snecvlvcros YER; Ewcross, Osgoldcross, Staincross
YWR; Walecros Db: Walshcroft Li ; Brothercross, Guiltcross Nf; Normancross Hu.
1 Place-Names and History 25.
The English Hundred-Names
Also here there are traces of a local distribution of the elements.
The names in lundr belong to the southern part of the Dallelaw,
but those in kross are more common in the north and north-west.
Haugr is the distinctive element of the Lincolnshire, and to some
extent the Norfolk, hundred-names of Scandinavian origin. It has
been suggested that names in lundr may have been used to denote
sacred groves, but this seems doubtful on account of their
common occurrence. ' These names generally have a pn as first
el., and the only one of them (Wayland Nf) which has been
assumed to embody heathen religious associations,' must be
regarded as unsolved. The names in kross also, with one exception
(Staincross), have pns as first elements. No doubt at least some
of these denote memorial crosses of the kind well-known from
Scandinavian England.
An interesting feature of the Scandinavian hundred-names,
and especially those in haugr, is the frequency with which a
hundred-name may be associated with the name of a place in the
same hundred (wapentake), apparently derived from that of the
same person. T his was noted by Bugge,' who suggests that it
may be due to the men of the wapentake meeting near the place
where the chieftain who was the most important man in the wapen
take may have lived, at a mound dedicated to him, or at some
other place associated with his name. This view is adopted by
Professor Ekwall,' who gives a list of the cases in question. They
are: from YER: Buckrose: Bugthorpe (almost certainly); from Li:
Aswardhurn: Aswarby; Aveland: Avethorpe; Calceworth: Calceby;
Candleshoe: Candlesby; Haverstoe: Hawerby; Walshcroft: Wales
by; Wraggoe: Wragby. Two other similar instances, though not
hundred-names, are known from Li. 5 The only one of these cases
in which the wapentake meeting-place is known is Aveland, but
this case corroborates the view just mentioned, for Avethorpe
(now lost) and Aveland must have been close together.
1 Cf. PNBeds 220; PNNp XXVI, 267.
2 Bugge, Vikingerne II 289.
B Op. cit. II 318, 327 f.
• IPN 87 f.
• Cf. op. cit. 88, and reference.
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XL IXL O. S. Anderson
IV. Hundredal Topography.
The hundreds' often vary greatly in size from county to
county, and even within one and the same county. The great
differences in extent between the hundreds of Kent or Sussex on
the one hand, and those of some of the midland counties on the
other are well known, and have been considered to form a serious
obstacle to any general theory of the oJ;igin of the hundred.' We
are not now concerned with these questions, but even within the
district dealt with there are some remarkable cases of variation
in extent. A general notion of the extent of the hundreds of the
midlands may be gathered from the statistics given in the ety
mological part, but some more exact figures may be useful. A
hundred like Holt Nf, which may be regarded as fairly represen
tative of East Anglia, contains 26 pars and about 65 square miles.
A normal Northamptonshire hundred like (old) Orlingbury contains
9 pafrs and about 25 square miles. The Cambridgeshire hundreds
are of the same order of extent as the Northamptonshire ones,
but several of them are smaller. In the counties farther west thehundreds are sometimes about the same extent as those of
Northamptonshire, but there are considerable variations in area,
and many are much larger. This is especially the case as regards
Staffordshire and to some extent Cheshire. In the whole of
Staffordshire there are only five hundreds. Questions concerning
the extent of hundreds are bound up with matters relating to
hidation and assessment, of which no detailed treatment can be
expected here. One point may be noticed. Professor Tait points
out 3 that the proportion between taxation and area (and conse
quently tha extent of the hundreds) may be influenced by 'the
varying land-content of the family holding in different parts of
the country, according to the density of the population and the
intensity of cultivation'. In the course of the following investiga
1 The wapentakes need not be considered in this connection. A
hundred consists theoretically of a hundred hides, but there is no given
number of carucates in each wapentake; variations in the extent of the
wapentakes are therefore less remarkable. As a rule the wapentakes are
larger than the hundreds of the midlands.
2 Cf. H. M. Cam, EHR 47,373.
3 VHSa 1280.
The English Hundred-Names
tion I have tried to point out cases where it may be assumed,
either that the nature of the country-side favoured the existence
of a large land-content of the hide, or else that the geldable area
was once smaller than now owing to the exi:stence of old forests
and the like. As regar ds the wapentakes' also considerations of
these kinds are no doubt to be taken into account.
The most normal type of hundred is that consisting of a moreor less circular area surrounding a central meeting-place, but there
are frequent variations from the type. In many cases the hundred
meet.ing-place is not central; sometimes it is even on or near the
hundred boundary. Some of the Suffolk hundreds (Wangford,
Wilford, Lackford; no doubt also Armingford Ca, perhaps Mitford
Nf, and others) are examples of the latter type. Occasionally the
obvious explanation of such cases is that the part of the hundred
in which the meeting-place is, was in early days its most important
part, or else that the area of the hundred may have been added
to later owing to the early existence of forests, marsh-land, or other
uninhabited regions. Examples will be pointed out below. A case
like Seisdon hd St, which has been considerably diminished in
modern times through part of its area being added to Shropshire,
need of course not be specially mentioned.
Hundreds of this type are often hemmed in by natural
boundaries, rivers, forests, mountains and the like, which might
point to their representing old communities and centres of cultiva
tion. This is sometimes clear even to-day, as in the case of
Happing and Flegg Nf,' Colneis Sf, Nassaborough Np and others,
but often the character of the country-side has changed, and it is
possible to show the existence of old boundaries only by reference
to medieval conditions (cf. below passim). An investigation of the
place-names of a district may also reveal the existence of old
forest-areas and the like, forming old divisions between hundreds.
I f a county contains a considerable river, the hundreds are as arule grouped on either side of it; examples will be found below
under Db, Nt, Nf, Np, Wa, Sa, He; bu t sometimes, especially in
districts of a hilly or broken character, the hundreds may be
centred in the river-valleys, as Pirehill St, and partly in Db and
Y. - Roman roads are often chosen for boundaries between
hundreds, as between parishes.
J Cf. also VHNf II 4 f.
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XLII IU I O. S. Ander80n
I
In many cases the shape of hundreds is irregular and stragg-
ling. Many hundreds include outlying portions isolated from their
main areas. Exampl es will be found in the material. Some of
these cases may be explained from various historical or tenurial
causes. Oswaldslow hd Wo, which includes a great number of
isolated portions scattered all over Worcestershire, and till recently
also some isolated areas in Gloucestershire and Warwickshire, was
apparently made up from the estates belonging to the bishop and
monks of Worcester. 1 A similar explanation applies tq Pershore
hd Wo. Dugdale 2 makes it probable that an isolated area be
longing to Kington hd Wa ma y be due to similar causes. Eyton
gives an explanation on identical lines for some isolated portions
belonging to Baschurch hd Sa in 1086; here the case is doubtful,3
bu t Beckbury Sa, which though locally in Alnodestrev hd is
referred to Patton hd in Domesday, may have been included in
the latter hundred because belonging to Wenlock Abbey! Profes
sor Tait is inclined to assign a similar reason to a case of isolated
areas in Cheshire.' The curious arrangement of the hundreds of
east Leicestershire may perhaps to some extent be due to
Ithe existence there of the soke of Rothley, just as a detached
portion of Goscote hd, locally in Framland hd, may be so ex
plained.6 On the whole I believe that in the majority of cases of
this kind it would be possible to find some similar explanation.
Sometimes nO doubt other reasons may be found. An example of
this is the arrangement of the DB hds of Gallow and Brothercross
Nf, which has been explained from reasons of local economy.'
There is a tendency for the older, regular type of hundreds to
disappear through changes and combinations of two or more
hundreds into larger units. In certain counties in particular, e. g.
those of the west midlands, this is a prominent feature of the
hundredal organisation. In some of these counties hardly a trace
is left of the old hundredal division as seen in Domesday. In
1 Cf. VHWo I 238.
• Antiquities of Warwickshire (1730), e. g. sub Packwood.
• VHSa I 283.
• Op. cit. 285 note.
• The Domesday Survey of Cheshire (Chetham Soeiety N.S. 75) 14.
• Stenton, Types of :Manorial Structure in the Northern Danelaw 46.
7 Below p. 66.
The English Hundred·Names
comparison with these counties the hundredal systems of East
Anglia, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, for instance, are
remark ably stable. Also in some connties farther west, notably
Staffordshire, the old hundredal division is kept unchanged from
Domesday till modern times. This on the whole also applie s to
the counties divided into wapentakes. The tendency is for two,
three or more hundreds to be combined int.o larger units. Only
two cases of the reverse process, the division of an older hundred
into two new ones, have been noted,' viz. vVitchley Ru and Guth
lax ton Le. The cases in which three or more hund reds have been
combined are fairly few in number (Knightlow, Kington Wa, Half
shire Wo; Oswaldslow Wo see above). In by far the larger
number of cases two old hundreds are combined to form one new
hundred. The following cases have been noted: Smithdon Nf,
Blackbourn, Plomesgate Sf; Huxloe, Corby, Rothwell, Orlingbury,
Wymersley, Sutton, Fawsley Np: Bucklow, Eddisbury Ch; Brad-
ford, 'Munslow Sa; vVigmore, Grimsworth, Broxash, Radlow,
Greytree, (?)Webtree He ! One might ask why the combination
of two hundreds is so particularly frequent. In some cases (Corby,Sutton, Fawsley Np) the rea;;:on is obviously that two hundreds
were appurtenant to the same manor, and were organised into
1 It often occurs in the 14th century and later that large hundreds or
wapentakes are divided into two parts called 'East' and 'West' or the
like (e. g. Gilling and Hang YNR, Goscote Le): sllch cases are not con
sidered here. There are also some earlier instances of a similar kind, as
N. an d S. Erpingham, E. and W. Flegg Nf, N. and S. Naveslund Np, the
first two mentioned as early as Domesday. Though there is no record of
the existence of one single hundred corresponding to these, it seems very
likely that E. and W. Flegg, for instance, once formed one hundred which
was divided owing to the difficulty of communication between its E. and
W. parts. It seems more doubtful if N. and S. Erpingham could have for
med one hundred for it would have been far larger than any in its neigh
bourhood. The Northamptonshire case is also difficult to judge of; here itseems at least theoretically possible that two earlier hundreds, while
retaining their independent organisations, assumed a new name from a
common meeting-place (cf. below). Witchley hd Ru is simil arly called
Hwicceslea east and u'est in the Geld Roll (v. below p. 129).
2 The later cases mentioned above (p. XXX note) in which both old
hundreds are mentioned together in records throughout the 13th and fol
lowing centuries, and where both old names are still preserved have not
been included here; cf. on these, H.:M. Cam in Historical Essays in Honour
of James Tait (1933), p. 14.
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XLIV O. S. Anderson
one hundred named from the manor itself on that account. On the
whole, such cases are strictly nothing but late cases of 'double'
hundreds though rarely expressly so termed (Blackbourn, Sutton
and Fawsley are sometimes actually described as 'double hund
reds', Plomesgate as a 'hundred and a half'),' and the same prin
ciple that caused the formation of such hundreds might be assumed
to have been at work here. It might be suggested as a possibilitythat such hundreds had some business in common, which ma y
have led to their becoming united into one! The cases where
such combined hundreds assume a new name of the 'meeting
place' type suggest that at least some of them ma y have had a
common court. T his would have a parallel in e. g. the 'ship-so kes'
of Knightlow or Oswaldslow, the constituents of which, besides
having separate courts, also seem to have had a common court
from an early period (above p. XXXI).
Eyton was of opinion that the rearrangement of the Shrop
shire hundreds which took place after Domesday was carried
through at one time, and that it was the work of Henry 1.' The
rearrangement of the Shropshire hundreds must, however, be taken
with the rearrangement of the hundreds of those other counties
that have just been mentioned, which took place in the course of
the 12th and 13th centuries. On the whole it seems more likely
that this was a gradual process which need not presuppose royal
initiative. In several of the cases referred to by Eyton there is
only a change in name, but otherwise no rearrangement of the
area of the hundred; and it does not seem very likely that this
should have been done on royal orders. Various reasons ma y be
found for the rearrangement. of the Shropshire hundreds - as
for that of the hundreds of other counties; the disappearance for
a time of Oswestry hd in west Shropshire may be due to the fact
that this part of the county became marcher land, and was not
reunited to Shropshire till the 16th century. The creation of the;liberty of Wenlock in the 12th century,' for instance, may account
for the disappearance of the Domesday hd of Patton. :Most of the
, In so far as such hundreds are merely cases of single hundreds rated
at 200 hides the comparison is not. to t.he point.
• Cl. H. M. Cam, op. cit. p. 15 I.• Antiquities of Shropshire I 23, IV 242, et passim.
• Op. cit. III 222.
The English H u n d r e d - ~ a m e s XLV
Shropshire hundreds are no t mentioned in records between Domes
day and the assize roll of 1203, and the older hundreds or hund Ired-names ma y well have disappeared at different times within
this period. In other counties, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire,
\Vorcestershire and, to some extent, Herefordshire there is more Iirect evidence for the gradual fusion of the older hundreds!
Note on the 'Dane law Huudreds' (cf. above p. XXI). - In Lincolnshire, Rutland, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Leicestershire the
term hundred was formerly appli ed to a subdivision of the wapentake. IThe nature of this division is best known as regards Lincolnshire, which is
proved by Domesday, the LiS,' and other documents 3 to have been wholly
divided into such hundreds. The Lincolnshire evidence is dealt with in
detail by Professor Stenton.< According to the LiS each hundred consisted If 12 canlCates. Domesday also gives evidence of the existence of half,
double and quadruple hundreds of this kind. Originally the hundreds seem
to have been "imply subpartitions, probably for fiscal purposes,' of the
number of carucates imposed upon each wapentake, for there were wapen Iakes that were divided into three hundreds and a half and three bovates
(Bradley), or into six hundreds and six carucates (Horncastle) ; but at a
later period at least they seem, partly at any rate, to have been real ter
ritorial units capable of acting as a corporate body;" and land could
'I n some cases the boundaries of hundreds have been rearranged,
apparently quite arbitrarily, at a recent peri"Od (cl. below under Morley
YWR and Appletree Db). This may be explained from what is said in the
introduction to the Census Report of 1851 (Parl. Papers; I, ":01. i, p. LXV) Ias regards the organisation of Sessional divisions: 'The divisions existing in
all counties of England and Wales for the· purposes of special and petty
sessions are in general based on the hundreds and other ancient county
subdivisions. By the authority of various Acts of Parliament (references) Ihe justices at Quarter Sessions may alter and re-arrange these sessional
divisions. . .. In the exercise of these powers justices have occasionally
transferred parishes and places from one division to another .. . and annexed
such parishes to others in a particular hundred of the division to which they Iave been assigned. By this transference, the parishes thus dealt with for a
special purpose have come to be considered, for all purposes Whatever, parts
of the hundreds to which they have been added, and have thenceforward
been deemed as much part of the hundred as any parishes which may have
Ieen named as belonging to the hundred in the Domesday Survey'.
• Fo r a list of the hundreds mentioned in these records v. LiDB 312.
3 Professor F. M. Stenton has most kindly informed me of the exi
stence of a fragment of a 12th century survey of the same nature as the Iindsey Survey, but relating to Kesteven and Holland also.
• LiDB XIV f.; DC LXIII -LXX.
• Stenton, Types of Manorial Structure in the Northern Danelaw 89.
• Op. cit. 89 note; DC LXV. - There is evidence of this also as re
gards Leicestershire; v. Round, Feudal England 200. I
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X LV II
I
XLVI O. S. Anderson
be described as lying in a certain one of these hundreds.' There is evi
dence for the survival of the system in Lincolnshire into the 13th century,
and mention is made of these hundreds even in the 14th century! A
trace of this ancient division is also preserved in the name of the Eight
Hundred Fen on the boundary of Kesteven and Holland 3 (Hautehunderfen
1279 Pat, Hathhunderffen 1283 Abbr, le Egthundirdfen 1348 Mise, La
Eghthunderfen 1352 Pat). On the whole the Holland hundreds seem to
have been especially long-lived. - The names of these hundreds are of
no particular interest in this connection; they were invariably taken from
(one of) the vill(s) of which the hundred was composed. The only oue of
them that is of a somewhat remarkable character is Algarhnndred, in which
is the village of Algarkirk; the relation between these two uames is
obscure.' - The reason why these divisions were called hundreds is
uncertain. Dr Round, starting from the formula found in the Lincolnshire,
Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire part of Domesday relating
to breaches of the peace, suggests that these hundreds were so called because
each of them may have contributed eight pounds to the geld, which, if the
ora was 16 pence, would be equivalent to 120 - a ' long hundred' - ores."
This view seems now to be abandoned, for no mention is made of it in
the more recent works quoted above. But the explanation that has repla
ced it,· viz. that these divisions were called hundreds on the analogy of
the hundreds of southern England, does not seem to me very eonvincing.
The Rutlandshire hundreds, which were apparently hundreds of 12
carucates,7 fall into line with the Lincolnshire ones, but here they do not
seem to have had special names. Th e evidence as regards Nottinghamshire
and Derbyshire is scanty. In Nottinghamshire three hundreds are men
tioned,S and in Derbyshire only one," but there is nothing against the view
that these were 12 carncate hundreds of the same kind as the Lincolnshire
ones, though only fragments of the system have survived.'·
I LiDB LXII f.; DC LXIII.
2 There are several 12th and 13th century references to the Li hund
reds: Algarhundredum is mentioned in 1200 Cur, and often; Richehundre-
dum ib. and 1202 Ass (Rike-); Hund' de BeaU' (Belton, Axholme) 1200 SR
242/113; cf. further DC, Introduction, LXIV-LXX; and LiDB I. c.
• Kindly pointed out by Professor Stenton.
• Cl. LindkYist 226.
" Feudal England 73; cf. also VHDb I 320, VHNt I 242.
• LiDB XV.7 In Alfnodestov Wapent' sunt II Hundrez. In unoquoque XII carn
catre ad geldum . _. In Martinesleie Wap' est I hundret in quo XII carucatre
terre ad geldum DB l . 293 b.
8 Blidworth (Blidevorde hd' DB), Plumtree (Pluntre hund' ib.), and
Southwell.
• Sawley (Morelestan Wapentac. - Salle l ld' ib.).
1. In VHNt I 218 the hundred of Southwell is equated with the soke of
Southwell on the strength of a passage in Domesday: In Farnesfelt
The English Hundred·Names
The Leicestershire hundreds offer problems of their own.' They can
hardly have been real territorial hundreds of the common kind, for as
stated in VHLe 2 they are 'intermixed with each other to such an extent
that it is impossible to represent their complicated boundaries on any
intelligible map'. Nothing definite seems to be known about the prin
ciple on which the Leicestershire hundreds were arranged, but anyhow it
is clear that they cannot be 12 carucate hundreds like those of Lincoln
shire. On the contrary, the assessment of the different hundredS shows
considerable variation, and most of the hundreds are rated at uneven andoccasionally fractional figures. A certain regularity may be traced; the
assessment of Framland wap may be split up in groups each containing
an even multiple of 18 carucates; this seems also to some extent to be
true of the other two wapentakes included in the LeS, but here the survey
is not complete; this might suggest a duodecimal grouping of the hundre
dal totals." But on the whole these hundreds are still a riddle.
habet .. . II bovatm .. . Una est in Soca de Sudwelle et alia regis, sed tamen
ad hundredum de Sudwelle pertinet. - But the conelusion does not seem to
be absolutely neeessary.
'D C LXIII note 4. - The only evidenee of the existence of these
hundreds is the so-called Leicestershire Survey (1124-9) printed by Round,
Feudal England 197-203; also VHLe I 339-54.
2 VHLe I 341.
" Op. cit. I 342.
(
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MATERIAL.
Durham.
Sadberge wap wa s formerly the name of part of Stock ton ward. It
included two blocks of parishes, one in the NE. part, the other in the SW.
part of the present ward. The former consisted of the pars of Hart, Hart
lepool, Stranton, Elwick Hall an d Greatham (except the township of Claxton);
the latter of the pars of Stainton, Elton, Long Newton, Egglescliffe, Midd
leton St George, Low Dinsdale and Hurworth, and the townships of Coatham
Mundeville and Sadberge (in Haughton le Skerne par); the pars of Conis
cliffe an d Gainford in Darlington ward also used to belong to the wapentake
(v. VrrDu III 191 f.). - The wapentake is first mentioned as Sadberga-
wapentacum in 1185 P; at that time it was included in the county of
Northumberland an d belonged to the Crown (cf. also Fees 203; Ass (Nb)354). In 1189 the manor an d the wapentake of Sadberge (manerium ., .
de Seber.qe cum wapentaeo ad idem manerium pertinente) was granted to
the bishopric of Durham (Ch III 393; also 1200 Ch). The reason why this
part of the county was made into a wapentake, a division not otherwise
known to have existed in Durham, is probably that it wa s not originally
included in the Palatinate of Durham, an d thus in need of a separate organi
sation; it retained a certain degree of independence even after its inclusion
in the Palatinate; it is often spoken of as a separate county, 'the county
Qf Sadberge'; the official title of the county of Durham was 'the county of
Durham and Sadberge' down to 1836 (v. VrrDu II I 192 f.). - The name of
the wapentake was derived from that of the manor of Sadberge, no doubt
because it was appurtenant to that manor.
Yorkshire. The NorthRiding.
The wapentake system found in the North Riding of Yorkshire is, as
regards its eastern part, mainly identical with the system found at the
time of the Domesday Survey, but several of the modern wapentakes have
different names from their Domesday counterparts. Thus the Domesday
waps of Bolesford, Die, Gerlestre and Maneshou correspond to the modern
waps of BUlmer, Pickering Lythe, Birdforth an d Ryedale. Part of the
Domesday wap of Langeberg (Langbargh) went to form the post-Domesday
liberty of Whitby Strand. In this part of the Riding the wapentakes are
I
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2 3
I
O. S. Andel"son The Engli&h Hundred·Names
chiefly located in the plains and the river-valleys. Bulmer, Birdforth and
Allerton waps occupy the Vale of York. Ryedale is in the valleys of the
Rye and the Derwent. Piekering Lythe wap chiefly consisted of the district
N. of the Derwent in Piekering Vale. Langbargh wap is on the Tees and
the North Sea. The moorlands forming the upper parts of this portion of the
Riding were thinly populated and must have been of little importance
from the point of view of the wapentake organisation. - In the west part
of the Riding, known as Riehmondshire, only the wa p of Halikeld is men
tioned in Domesday, where it is included in the West Riding. The tworemaining wapentakes, Hang and Gilling, are not mentioned till the middle
of the following century. It is possible that the wapentake organisation
was not extended to these parts till after the Conquest, a view held by
Dr Farrer (VHY Il 135; d. , however, VHNR I 17).
Langbargh wap.
Includes the north-eastern part of the Riding north and east of the
Cleveland Hills and the moorland district. It is bounded on the west by
Birdforth and Allerton waps. In 1086 it also included the present liberty
of Whitby Strand (with the exception of Haekness par), but when the
liberty of Whitby was formed shortly after the Conquest, this district was
separated from Langbargh wap.
Langeberg 1086 DB, 1219 Ass 1053 m 15, 1279 YI, 1339 Guis,
Langeberge 1086 DB, 1170 p. (-berge) , 1219 Fees, 1200-22 Guis,
1242 P, 1288 YI, 1293 Ass 1098 m 108d, Lankeberga 1166, Lange
berga 1181, 1188, 1193, Langebergewapentaeum 1185 P, Langeburg
1222 Fine, Langebrigg' 1226-8 Fees, Langebergh' 1231 Ass
1043 m 11, Langberwe 1272 Cl, Langebereue 1273 YI, Lange
berghe 1273 YI, 1335 Guis, Langberghe -bereh 1285 FA, Lange
bergh 1300 Pat, 1303 Cl, 1327 Pat, 1349 Ipm, Langeberyghe 1301
SR, Langbergh 1303 FA, 1316 Pat, 1345 Ipm, Langebury 1347 Cl,
Lang(e)bargh 1428 FA, Langbarghe 1539 LP, Langbarffe 1599 NR
(PNNR). - Th e wapentake met on a high ridge of moorland to
the east of the hamlet of LANGBAURGH in Gt Ayton par (VHNR I I
226), referred to as Langberg 13 Guis, from which it takes its
name. It is either from OE lang or ON langr and OE be(o)rg or ON
berg 'long ridge', but it is hardly possible to decide between thesealternatives.
Whitby Strand liberty consists of a district on the coast, mainly S.
of Whitby, inclUding the pars of Whitby and Sneaton and the chapelry of
Fylingdales, originally forming the SE. part of Langbargh wap, and the
pa r of Haekness, originally in Piekering Lythe wap. It is: Wytebistrand
1200-22 Guis, (de) libertate de Whiteby 1231 Ass 1043 m 22d, (de) libertate
Abbatis de Whyteby Infra (Extra) Burgum 1268 Ass 1051 m 42d, 43, Libertas
\
\
de Whiteby 1276 RH, 1316 FA, WytebU Strand 1283 Whitby. It is called
the u'apentake of Whitebystrand 1316 Pat, but as far as I have been able
to find that is an isolated instance. -- Whitby Strand also occurs as addi
tion to PNs, as : Neuton in Wytebystrond 1261 Ch, Neuton in Whitbystrande
1325 AD n, Neuton' in Whytebystrand' 1337 SR 211/10; Hoton' in Wytebi
strande 1301 SRi Esington in Wytbistrande 1268 l"F; Bolleby in Whiteby
strande 1363 FF ; Seton in Whitbistrand 1367 Fine; Neweham (Newholm)
in Whyteoystraunde 1303, Normanby in Whytebystrand 1309, Sneton (Snea
ton) in Whitebystrande 1360 Pat. The first five of these names, referring
to Newton Mulgrave, Hutton Mulgrave, Easington, Eoulby and Seaton Hall
respectively, show that the name of Whitby Strand was not originally
limited to the liberty of Whitby as it is now, but was earlier applied to a
district on the coast to the north, as well as to the south, of Whitby itself.
The modern usage is seen in the following passage: in villa, liberfate ac
dominio suo. (i. e. the Abbot of Whitby's) de Whitby, ac soca sive Stranda
ejusdem vocata Whitby-strande c. 1450 Whit by. - Whitby (Hvitabyr
Heimskringla III 376) is from ON hvltr and byr 'the white village' (so Bugge,
Vikingerne Il 243, Ekwall PNLa 114). This is far more likely than the
derivation from the pn H1)iti given by Dr Smith (PNNR 126). The second
part of the name is from ON strpnd or OE strand 'shore'.
Pickering Lythe wap.
Includes the eastern part of the Derwent valley extending northwards into the moorland district, S. of Langbargh wap and Whitby liberty,
bordering in the west on Ryellale wap, from which it is divided by the
rivers Seven an d Rye.
The modern wapentake corresponds in the main to the Domes
day wap of Die, though there are several minor differences in the
boundaries; in the west it did not include Kirkby Misperton and
Sinnington, which were in the Domesday wap of . ~ l a n e s h o u (now
Ryedale), bu t included Lastingham, now in Ryedale; in the east
it included Filey, now in the East Riding, and Hackness, now in
Whitby Strand liberty; for later changes see VHNR I I 419. - The
Domesday name, from OE die or ON dik 'dyke' no doubt refers to
the meeting-place, now lost, of the wapentake. After Domesday
the wapentake has the name of Pickering or, more rarely,Pickering Lythe: Wapentac . . . de Pikerinqis 1157 (16) yeh 401,
Wap' de Pieheringe 1166, Pikeringewapentacum 1185 P, wapen
taeum de Pikeringe 1190 P, 1255 YI, Pikering'u:apentaeum 1197 P,
wapentaeum de Pykering' 1198 Fees, 1231 Ass 1043 m 4d, 1301 SR,
hundred' de Pikering' 1218 Cl, Wapentacurn de Pykering, Peker
ing 1285 FA, libertas de Pikering' 1327 SR 211/6; wapent[aehiuml
de Pikeringelid 1158 (16), u7apentaeh de Pikaringalith 1176-9
1
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4 O. S. Anderson
(16) YCh 403, 406, Wapentach de Pikeringelith 1189 (16) Riev,
1198 (1252) Ch, U'apetac' de Pikaringalith' 1201 Ch (all referring
to the same grant); liberta.tem de Pikerynglith 1428 FA, Pikring
lith 1542 LP, the 1J)apentake and liberties of Pickering-lythe 1569 D.
The former name is taken from the manor of Pickering, no
doubt because the wapentake was appurtenant to Pickering Castle
(VHNR II 419). The modern wapentake nearly corresponds to thesokes of the Domesday manors of Falsgrave and Pickering (ib.).
For forms and discussion of the name of Pickering (Picheringa
1086 DB, Pieheringis 1100-21 (1414) Ch, Pikeringes 1109-14,
Picaringes 1119-35 PNNR) see PNing 96, PNNR 85. I t corre
sponds to OE * P i e e r i n g a : ~ which may be formed from an r-derivative
of a pn related to OE Pie, Piichil (LVD). - Pickering Lithe is
marked on Saxton's map 1577 over the district S. of Piekering and
on Speed's map 1610 over the SW. part of the wapentake.' I t is
also found in a map of Yorkshire by Morden and in Blaeuw's
Atlas 1662, and seems accordingly to have denoted a district in
the south part of the wapentake, probably identical with the
modern Vale of Pickering. I t can hardly denote the meeting-place
of the wapentake, as seems to be suggested by Dr Smith, bu t isno doubt to be regarded as a name of the whole district included
in the wapentake, for though the Vale of Pickering includes its
south part only, this part was the most important and might come
to represent the wapentake as a whole. Lythe is from ON hUa
'slope', and the probability is that the modern Vale of Pickering
(Valle de Pikering' 1226 Cl etc.) is a French (or Latin) rendering
of the vernacular Pickering Lythe, which survives as the name of
the wapentake.
Pickering Lythe also occurs as addition to PNs. This is most regular
in the case of THoRNToN DALE: Thorneton in Pykeringlithe 1276 yr , Thornton
in Pykeringlith 1283 Ipm, Thorneton' in Pykeringlyth' 1293 Ass 1098 m 98d,
Thorneton in Pikeringlithe 1310 Pat, Thornetoll in Pykerynglith 1325 Misc,
Thornton in Pykeringlith 1327 Cl, Thornton in Pikerynglith 1335 Ipm, butalso e. g. in Hotuna in Pikiringelit 1135--55, H o t ~ n in Pikerlinglid 1145--8,
Hotona in Pikringlith 1172-9 YCh 377, 872, 379, Hoton in Pikring Lithe
1487 Ipm (Hutton Bushell), and in many other names of places mostly in
the S. part of the wapentake. The distinctive addition to these names
might be taken to be the wapentake name, but hundred·names do not
, 1 No wapentakes are marked on Saxlon's map; on Speed's map the
wapentake is called Pickering wapentake.
~
The English Hundred-Names [)
seem to be used for this purpose, and the contrary would seem to be
proved for Thornton by forms like: Thorntone in valle de Pykerynge 1248
Whitby, Thorneton in Valle de Pickeringe 1276 Abbr, Thornton in valk de
Pikering 1279 Bridlington, where 'vallis de Pykerynge' etc. is probably a
Latin form of Pickering Lythe. Cf. also e. g. Atona (Ayton) in valle de
Pickeringh beside AtonaJin Pykeryngelyeth n. d. Whitby. - It should also
be noted that there were two other districts with names in -lith to the west
and south of Pickering Vale, viz. lloldelythe, the old name of the S. part
of Ryedale wap (PNNR 42; cf. also: (vicariis de) Ridal(a) et de Pykeringlidh et de Holdelith c. 1160-85 YCh 196, where it cannot be a question
of wapentakes; and Hertfort h. Lyth, the name of the northern slopes of
the Wolds on the opposite side of the Derwent to Piekering Vale, exten
ding from Norlon (on the Derwent opposite Malton) to Filey: Haverforthelith,
vallis de Haverdford' 1204 Ch; also in the name of SHERBURN YER: Schire
burne in HerUordlyth 1279 Guis, Shyreburne in Harefordlithe 1287 Yr,
Shireburn' in Hareforthlith' 1292 QW, Shireburn in Harforlith 1329 FF ,
Shireburne in Harefordlyth 1341 rpm, Shirburn in HnTfordlith 13i6 Pat;
also FoU,-eton in Hertforthlith n. d. YCh 1180; Bynyngton in Harforthlyth
1328 Percy; and Hallerston in Harfurthlythe Hy8 NRN (Heslerton)
(cf. River Hertford on the modern map and ERN 195). -- In the light of
these parallels it becomes very natural to take Pickering Lythe to have
been originally the name of a similar district.
Ryedale wap.
Includes the district between Pickering Lythe wap to the east and
the Hambleton Hills, in the valleys of the Rye and the Derwent. It is
bounded on the east by the river Seven and on the south, where it includes
the pars of Malton, Appleton, Barton, Slingsby, Hovingham and Gilling, by
Bulmer wap and the Derwent.
With the exceptions mentioned above under Pickering Lythe it
corresponds to the Domesday wap of Maneshou. This is a com
ponnd of a pn probably corresponding to OSw, ODa Manne (Bjork
man NP 95) and ON haugr 'mound', either with analogical English
gen.-ending or with the pseudo-genitival s common in DB. The
post-Domesday name of the wapentake appears as: Wap' de Ridale
1166 P, c. 1160-85 (15) YCh 195 (decanatus), 1268 Ass 1051 m
19,1285 FA, 1298 YI, 1343 Ipm, RidaleU'apentacuJn 1188 P, Rydal'1219 Fees, Wapent' de Ridal' 1231 Ass 1043 ID 7, Rydale 1238
Guis. 1288 YI, 1301 SR, 1360 Pat, wapp' de Ridall 1279-81 QW,
1428 FA, Rydalle 1283 Ebor, Rydaill 1285 FA, Rydall u'ap 1539
LP. I t is a name of the type common in the north of England, for
instance in the names of the wards of Cu and Nb. It was originally
the name of the district, the Rye valley, and its use as a wapen
take-name must be secondary_
I
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6 O. S. Anderson
Bulmer wap.
Consists of the southern portion of the Vale of York, between the
Derwent and the Ouse, bounded on the north by Ryedale and Birdforth
waps. Part of the wapentake is entered under the City of York in Domesday,
otherwise its area is practically the same as it was in 1086.
In Domesday the wapentake has the name of Bolesford(e)
Wapentac, taken from a lost place in Sutton on the Forest par,
referred to as: (molendinum de ponte de) Buleforda 1148 (15),Buleforda 1156-7 (1308), (molendinum de) Buleford 1158-66
(1294) yeh 179, 354, 175, (in molendino de) Buleford' 1231 Ass
1043 m 7, Bulford Toftes (in Sutton) 1331, (Sutton. 1 claus' voc'
Intake juxta) Bulforthe Milne 1427 Ipm. The exact site of this
place can be determined from a perambulation of Galtres Forest
in 1316, quoted in PNNR 8. The bounds of the forest are said to
run along the river Foss to le Brendmilne de Ferlinton and then
along the river to the mill of Bulford and from thence to Strensall.
The Foss forms the N. boundary of Sutton par for about a mile
and a half, and the ford was probably at one of the tracks
that cross the river about a mile E. (If the Suttoll-Farlingtonj road.' - The post-Domesday name of the wapentake is: Wap' de
Bulem's1!r' 1166 P, Bulemer 1219 Fees, 1252 YL 1285 FA,
Bullemere 1226--8 Fees, Wapent' de Bulmer 1231 Ass 1043 m 6d,
1276 RH, 1316 FA, -wap of Bulmere 1272, of Bolemer 1279 YI ;
Bulmerschire 1238 Guis II 136, 1291 Ebor, Bulm'eschyr' 1279-81
QW, Bulmersheire 1298 Abbr, BulmerskJ/l"' 1303 SR 242/124,
Bulmershire 1309 Orig, 1319 Cl, 1353 Pat, 1542 LP.
The name is derived from that of BULMER, a village in its NE. corner:
Bolemere, Boleber 1086 DB, Bulemer c. 1100--15 YCh 1001, 1130, 1156 P,
1215 Ch (all p), 1251 Ch, 1286 Ebor, Bulimer (p) 1166 RBE, Bulemer' 1227
Cl, Bulmer 1242 Fees, 1287 Ebor, Bolemere 1268 Ass 1051 m 28d, Bulmere
1268 FF, 1319 Cl. The reason f or the chan ge of name is difficult to ac
count for; perhaps, as the district is also called B u l m e r ~ h i r e (the old
name of the deanery), this case may be analogous to that of the later wap of
Claro (YWR) which in Domesday seems to be called both Gereburg (per
haps the name of its meeting-place) and Borgescire (the old name of the
district). Nothing seems to be known of the" reason why Bulmer was
regarded as the caput of the wapentake.
First el. of both names OE bula 'bull' (PNNR 13, 40; cf. EP N
s. v.; Holthausen's view (Et. W. s. v.) that the word is a loan from
ON boli is obsolete). Second elements OE ford and mere 'pool',
1 Apparently not in StrensaB as is assumed PNNIVl c.
The English Hundred-Names 7
Birdforth wap.
A district round Thirsk, N. of Bulmer wap and W. of Ryedale wap,
mainly W. and SW. of the Hambleton Hills. Welbury and S. Otterington,
locally in the liberty of Allerton, are detached portions of Birdforth wap.
In VHNR Il 2 Feliskirk and Kilburn pars are stated to bc in the Wcst
Riding. Hawnby and E. Harlsey, now in Birdforth, are entered under
AlIcrton wap in DB.
The wapentake is called Gerlestre Wapentac in 1086 DB fromit s meeting-place, at a later date apparently the meeting-place
of the whole Riding: thrithingum de Yarlestre 13 RichReg 122d,
1279-81 QW, the trithings of Craykhou 1 and Yarlestre 1271 Pat,
the Thrythinge of Yarlestre 1298 YI, ad trithingum de Yarnestre
1321 Abbr, the tTithing (courts) of Craykhowe and Yarlescros
1343, the ti-ithings of Crakho-we and Yarlestre 1353 Ipm. The
site of the place is unknown. I f the name is from OE *eorles
treo-w 'eorl's tree' as assumed by Dr Smith, the early a-forms must
presumably be due to influence from ON jarl after it had assumed
this form. The whole name may well be Scandinavian from ON
jarl and tre 'tree'. The form in -cros is, I suppose, a mistake, due
to the numerous wapentake-names in -cross. - The modern name
appears as: Bruthewrthe scire 1088 LVD 50d, Wap' de Brudeford
1166, Brideford Wap' 1170, Brudeford-wapentacum 1188 P, Bru
deford' 1219, 1231 Fees, 1279 Ass 1057 m 24d, Bruddeford' 1219
Ass 1053 m 13d, 1279 Ass 1057 m 25, 1 ~ 0 1 SR, Brudeford 1268
Ass 1051 m 17, 1316 FA, 1334 Pat, Brudesford' 1279--81, -wapp'
et trithing' de Brodeford 1281 QW, Brudford 1285 FA, 1360 Pat,
Brydford', Brydeford' 1293 Ass 1098 m 69, 88, BT"iddeford 1314
Ebor, Bridford 1320 Ipm, 1322 Pat, Bruddeforth' 1332 SR 211/7A,
Brideford 1354 Pat, Birdforde 1535 VE, Birdfurthe 1542 LP.
The name is derived from that of BIRDFORTH, a hamlet in Coxwold
par, on the Sun Beck at the point where it· is crossed by the York-ABer
ton road: Bridef' 1198 Cur,' Brudeford 1199 Pap, 1219, 1247 FF, 1252 Ass,
1254 YI, 1261 FF, 1301 Cl, Burdeford 1226 Pat, Bruddeford 1262 YD Il,
1 This is the name of the meeting-place of the East Riding; it was
according to VHY rr 134 in Gardham on the Wolds between Bcverley and
Market Weighton. - The courts for the West Riding were held at Win
gate Hill (32 A 3), as kindly communicated by Dr Smith. It is Tlzrithinge
Of Wyndeiates 1298 YI, et pass.
2 The identification is certain and need not be queried as done in the
index. 1n the entry from which the form is taken Henry de Malebiss'
claims the church of Bridef', and the Malbiche family is proved by the FA
1285 (p. 52) to have had lands in Birdforth.
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8 O. S. Anderson
1286 YI, 1291 Fine, Brouddesforlh (p) 1296 YI, Br.1Jdeford 1298 Pat,
Birdeford c. 1300 YD I, Brudford 1316 FA, Brydeforth 1545, Burdfortk
1574 FF. - The relation between the tW(} hundred-names of Gerlestre
and Birdforth may perhaps be the same as suggested above for Bulford
and Bulmer (cf. the form Bruthell·rthe scire above), though the change of
name may be due simply to a change of meeting-place.
The first el. of the name is no doubt, as suggested by the
early forms in -i-, -y-, OE bryd 'bride', which became brud- through
influence from its ON cognate brz'tar. In the earliest form the
consonant seems also to share its influence. Other names probably
containing OE bryd are e. g. BRIDFORD, BRIDWELL PNDv 423, 537.
The meaning of such compounds is uncertain. The ford at Bird
forth may perhaps have been in some wa y associated with bridal
ceremonies, or it may have been a particularly easy ford which
might be conveniently used by brides.!
Allerton liberty or wap consists of the district round Northallerton,
NW. of Birdforth wap, and of several scattered pieces in Langbargh and
Birdforth waps; for further particulars see VHNR I 397 H. In Domesday
this district, which is practically identical with the soke and berewicks of
the Domesday manor of Northallerton, is termed wapentake, but this
appellation is rarely met with in later records; it is usually called theliberty of Allerton or Allertonshire, and it would seem most probable that
the term wapentake is only used somewhat loosely to describe the soke or
liberty. - From the end of the 11th down to the middle of the 13th
century the liberty seems to have been included in Birdforth wap for the
purposes of jurisdiction (VHNR I. c.),> and it does not seem unlikely that
it may once have formed an integral part of Birdforth wap, just as th e
post-Domesday liberty of Whitby Strand once formed part of Langbargh
wap, though in the case of Allerton liberty there is no record of such a
state of things. It s general lay-out in relation to Birdforth wap does no t
seem to preclude such a possibility. - The liberty is called: Alvretone,
Alvretvn Wapentac 1086 DB, Aluertune scire )088 LVD 50d, Alvertone
scire 1091, Alvertonescira 1153-7 (16) YCh 928, 952, baronia Alverton
cherie 1208-10 Fees, Alvertonesira 1217 (16) Riev, Alvertonsir' 1237 Cl,
1 The suggestions offered in PNNR 190 are hardly satisfactory, asDr Smith himself seems to admit (StNPh 11 79); the derivation from a
river-name *Bride suggested 1. c. is' perhaps p o s s i ~ ! l , t h o q g h _ not parti
cularlv convincing. / //
2 ·Cf.: In Wap' de Brudeford debet X m. Soca/dll' Aluertun' . .. 1166
Pi also RH I 123 (1276): Item dicunt quod I i b ~ 5 t e tenentes de Aluerton
schire solebant respondere cum duodena d\ti Brudeford omni tempore
scilicet quatuor de Aluertonschire et octo de /Brudeford usque ad tempus
J. de Oketon videlicet VIII annis qui tunc fuit' vicecomes . ..
The English Hundred-Names 9
Alfertonsyr' 1237 Lib, Alvertonsyl'e 1243 FF et passim, Libertas de Alu
erton'schyre 1305 Ass 1108 m 16, the liberty of Northalverton and North
alvertollshire 1360 Pat; libertatem de Alverton' 1233 Cl, Libertas de
Alt'erton 1285 FA, de Alverton' 1301 SR et passim; wapentagium deAlt-ertone 1279 Ebor, wap of Alvertonschire 1316, wap of AUerton 1354
Pat, Alverton .. infra wappentagium 1428 FA, wap of Allertonshire 1569
D. - The name is derived from that of NORTHALLERTOX, the caput of the
liberty; Aluertune, Aluerton, Aluretulle 1086 DB, Aluertuna 1088 LVD 50d,
Alvertuna c. 1121-28, 1153- -c. 1160 YCh 936 f., Aluerton' 1188 P, 1219Ass 1053 m 14d, Auverton' 1200 Ch, 1208 Cur, Alverton' 1208--10 Fees, 1236
Cl, Auuerton' 1231 Ass 1043 m 10d, Awerton' 1251 Cl, Northalverton' 1292
Ebor. It is identical etymologically with ALLERTON MAULEVERER (YWR):
Aluretone, Alvertone 1086 DB, Alvertona 1109-14 France, 1180-9 YCh
730, Aluerton' Mauleuerer 1231 Ass 1043 m 11, Alverton' 1242- Fees, Al
verton MauleJJerer 1272 Pat, Allerton 1301 YI. The first el. of these names
may be OE JElfhere pn (PNNR); ON Alfarr may also be thought of; the lat
ter name may be found in ALVERTHORPE (YWR): Aluerthorp' (p) 1231 Ass
1043 m 16d, Alvirthorpe 1274, Alverthorpe 1285 WCR (Goodall), possibly also
in ALLERSTON YNR (d . Lindkvist 22; differently PNNR 93).
£aIling wap.
The NW. part of the Riding, N. of the Swale and W. of the Wiske.
It was divided into two parts, Gilling East and Gilling West, in the 13thcentury. Of these Gilling West, which includes large tracts of moorland,
is by far the largest. The boundary between Gilling E. and W. is just E.
of Gilling.
Gillyngschire, Gillyng wap 1157 (15) RichReg 82d, 82 (PNNR),
Wap' de Gillin.qe 1166, 1170 P, 1285 YI, GillingwapentaCUrrt
1188 P, Wapentak de Gilling' 1225 Cl, 1276 RH, Wap' de Gylling'
1231 Ass 1043 m 3, Killing 1232 Pat, de Gyllinge 1268 Ass
1051 m 21; (the first) wapentac of Gilling (after Michaelmas,
commonly called 'Frendleswapentacn
) 1261 AD Ill; Gillyng Est,
West 1285 FA, Gillyngest, Gilling West 1366 Pat.
The wapentake is named from the viI. of GILLlNG, 3 m. N. of Rich
mond, perhaps because it had its meetings there: ?Ingetlingum c. 730 (8)
Bede, Ghellin.q(h)es, GeUinges 1086 DB, Gillinge 1088-93 (14), Ghillinga
1156-7 (14) YCh 350, 354, Gillinges 1241 Ch.For full forms and discussion of the name see PNing 94 (from
OE *Getla pn (from *Gautilan), an I-derivative of the stem of OE
Geat), PNNR 53, 288, Zachrisson, SpvS 1925-7 pp. 39--51,
StNPh V 17 (from OE *gyll 'pool', d. MLG gole 'swamp').
1 Fo r 'Frendleswapentac' see VHNR I 17, Surt 67 p. 51, note.
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10 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 11
Hang wap.Occupies the south part of Richmondshire, mainly S. of the Swale,
including the valley of the Ure and the south side of Swaledale. In the
13th century it was divided into Hang East and Hang West, Hang West
being like Gilling West by far the larger of the two divisions.
j
Hangeschire 1157 (15) RichRcg 82d (PNNR), Wap' de Langer
schire 1166, Hangewapentacum 1188 P, Hang' 1201 P, 1229 Cl,
1276 HH, 1293 Ass 1098 m 73, 1301 SR, Hanqe 1225 Cl, 1231 Ass1043 m 4, 1301 YI, Hanger 1268 Ass 1051 m 8, 1290 Abbr, Hangil'
1279 Ass 1057 m 1, Hengest, Hangest 1280 YI, Hangest, Hangwest
1366 Pat. - The wapentake is named from HA"G BANK, a small
hill just N. of HUTTON HANG, no doubt the meeting-place of the
wapentake (PNNR 229, 248). Hutton Hang derives its distinctive
addition from the same hill. I t is: Hoton' Hange 1268 Ass 1051 m
24d, 1282 YI, 1290 Ch, lloton Hang 1280 YI, 1285 FA, Hotonhang'
1327 SR 211/6, Huton' Hang' 1337 SR 211/10, Hunton Hanger
Hy8 YAS 80. - Hang is from OE hangra 'wooded slope'. The
-(e)r has been lost in most of the ME forms, but the mark of
sllspension usually appended after the 9 of Hang in MSS should
probably be taken to represent -er at least in ,')ome cases (e. g. in
1201 P, where the form is extended to Hanger in the index).
Halikeld wn.p. .Between Swale :md Ure, SE. of Hang wap. It is the smallest of the
North Riding wapentake's, only including the pars of Burneston, Kirk
lington, Pickhill, W. Tanfield. Wath and, detached, CundaH and Kirby
Hill.
Halichelde Wap' 1086 DB, Halikeldshir' 1157 (15) RichReg
82d (PNNR), Halikeld Wap'ntak 1184 ib. 83d, 1230 Pat, 1284 YI,
1346 FA, llalikeld' 1219 Ass 1053 m 15d, 1225 Cl, 1231 Ass 1043
m 4 (Dimid' Wapet'), Hailekeld n. d. (15) fount, Halikelde 1268
Ass 1051 m 2.5, 1301 SR, Alikelde 1285 YI, Halikild', Alikild' 1293
Ass 1098 m 72, 70d, Hallykelde 1569 D. - - The wapentake is
named from HALLlKELD SPRlKG, 'a fine spring near Melmerby' (Surt94 p. 36 note), no doubt the site of the wapentake meeting-place,
referred to as tontium de Halikeld' 1202 FF. - The name mea ns
'holy spring', bu t its ultimate origin is somewhat uncertain, as
there are two or three derivations to choose between. I t may be
from ON heilagr and kelda, with the substitution of OE hiilig for
ON heilagr (the Fount form, if correct, might presefe a trace of
the original di phthong); or it may be of English origin, consisting
of OE halig and celde 'well', though the latter word has been
found with certainty only in south-eastern dialects (v. EPN s. v.;
in Anglian dialects the c- would remain guttural [k]): finally ON
kelda may have been substituted for OE uella or the like, though
this seems less likely.
Yorkshire. The East Riding.The East Riding now contains six wapentakes, Dickering, Buckrose,
Harthill, Howdenshire, Ouse and Derwent, and Holderness, which, however,
are not Oil record till the second half of the 12th century. In Domesday
a wholly different. organisation is found, the whole Riding being divided
into 18 hundreds. According to the well-known theory of Canon Taylor]
each wapentake was formed from three hundreds, these being a survival
of the English hundred-system. This might be true of Dickering, Buckrose
and Holderness, each consisting of three hundreds (those of Holderness
are, however, different from the rest; they are called simply Nort, Mith
and J7th hvndret (South, according to Dr Farrp,r), and elearly presuppose
an existing larger unit), bu t it seems to me that Taylor's system fails to
account for the arrangement of the rest of the Riding, and I do not. think
that it is, on tbe whole, possible to accept it, at least in its present form:
no detailed criticism need be given here. The fact that several of the
hundreds have Scandinavian names denoting meeting-places seems also to
indicate Scandinavian rather than English origin for the hundreds as well
as for the wapent.akes. There are some cases (noted below) of correspon
dence between hundreds and sokes, but I must leave it open whether this
could help to explain the Domesday arrangemeut. - The mode rn wapen
takes differ much in ext.ent, and like the hundreds of Domesday on the
whole have no regard to topography; Harthill wap, in the SW. of the Riding,
extends on either side of the \Volds, and this also to some extent applies
to Diekering and Buckrose.
Dickering wap.
Contains the NE. part of the Riding, including in the weSl the pars of
Ganton, Butterwick, Langtoft, Cottam and Garton on the Wolds and in
the south t.hose of Nafferton, Wansford, Brigham, Foston on the Wolds,
Cembling, Gransmoor and Fraisthorpe. It corresponds to the Domesday
hundreds of Tvrbar, Hvntov and Burton (Agnes).
TO/'bar hund' (1), Tl'rbar h1Jndret (2) 1086 DB consisted of
the north part of the wapentake, including Folkton, Muston, Hun
manby, Burton Fleming, Argam, Fordon and Wold Newton, and
a district in the south part of the wapentake, including Nafferton,
Wansford, Brigham, Foston on the Wolds, Gembling, Gt and Lt
1 Domesday Studies, cd. P. E. Dove, London 1888, vol. I, p. 67-76.
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14
Io. S. Anderson
Dr Smith suggC8ts derivation from ON Q!dum, dat. pI. of ON
Qkkla 'allele' found in Norw PNs. This might suit the position of
Acklam YER, for the village stands near a projection of Acklam
Wold, which might be the 'ancle' referred to; but Professor EkwaII
points out that it would be remarkable if both these names were
of definite WSc origin. :More probably they represent the dat. pI.
of OE *ac-leah 'oak-clearing'; cf. AB 32, 256 f.
Bucroswapentacum 1188, Mucroswapentacum 1195 P, Buccros
c. 1180-1201 YCh 1081, 1219 Fees, 1278 YI, 1285 FA, 1310 Ipm,
Bukros 1219 Ass 1053 m 11, Bucros' 1267 Ebor, Bukcros 1269
Ebor, 1279 Ass 1057 m 40, 1285 FA, Bucros 1271 Pat, 1279 Yr ,
Buckros 1285 FA, 1301 Ebor, Bukrosse 1289 YI, Buccrosse 1302
Ebor, 1428 FA, Bokros 1309 Ipm, B u k c r o ~ s e 1322 Pat, 1332 SR
202/17, Bugcros 1365 Pat. - - The name should no doubt be associ
ated with that of BUGTHORPE, a village in the S. part of the
wapentake, c. 3 m. E. of Stamford Bridge ': Bvghetorp, Bvchetorp
1086 DB, Bugetorp 1086 DB, 11n1 pep), 1242 Fees, Buggatorp
1156--7 (1308), Bugatorp (p) 1155--65 (15?) YCh 354, 981, Bugge
torp late Hy2 BM, 1195 P (p), 1207 BM, Buchetorp (p) 1194-8 YCh
1082, Bugethorp 1208 Cur (p), 1252 FF, 1282 YI, Buggethorp 1221.Pat (p), 1280 Ebor, Buggthorp 1226 FF, Buketorp (p) 1230 Ebor,, Buketorp' (p) 1242 P, Bukethorp (p) 1244 FF, 1307 Cl, Bucthorp' 1287
Ebor, Bukthorpe 1365 Pat; cf. JPN 87. - The first el. of Bugthorpe
is doubtless a pn corresponding to OSw Buggi. I f the first el. of
Buckrose derives from the same pn the medial vowel may have
become slurred between the gutturals g and k (second el. ON
kross 'cross'), in which case the g would, as a matter of course,
become assimilated to the k.
Harthill, Howdenshire and Ouse and Derwent waps.In 1086 the district now contained in these wapentakes was divided into
nine hundreds. The present wap of Harthill, on record since 1166, consists
of the part of the Riding that is W. of the river Hull and S. of Dickeringand Buckrose waps, except the liberty of Howden, also known as Howden
shire wap, and the district between the Ouse and th e Derwent, known as
Ouse and Derwent wap from about 1200. - Following the arrangement cho
sen for the two preceding wapentakes, the names of the Domesday hundreds
are given first, and those of the modern wapentakes are dealt with at the
end.
1 Cl. also BUG DALE (6"), C. 1 m. SE. of Bugthorpe.
The English Hundred-Names 15
Dritel Hund', Dritelt lwndret 1086 DB contained the corner of Harthill wap, including Tibthorpe and Bainton in the
west and Button Cranswick and Rotsea in the south. I t is named
from Gt DRlFFJELD, the hundred being nearly coextensive with the
Domesday soke of Driffield (DB f. 299b, 306b): (on) Driffelda 1121
(s. a. 705) ASC(E), Drifelt, Drifeld 1086 DB, Driffeld 1100--8 (14)
YCh 426, 1179 P, Driffeld' 1156 P, 1201 Ch, Drifeud 1226--b
Fees, Major Driffeld late 13 BM; - f rom OE dryge and teld 'dry
field'.'
Warte hund', TVartre BVlIdret 1086 DB was W. of Driffield
hd, N. and W. of Warter, with a detached portion in the present
Ouse and Derwent wap, ineluding Naburn, Water Fulford,
Heslington and Langwith. It is named from the viI. of WARTER,
4 m. E. of Pocklington: Wartre, Wa:rte 1086 DB, Wartre 115!}
(14) YCh 1388, 1165 P, R r Cm, 1206 FF, 1236 Fees, 1239
Ebor, 1246 FF, 1254 Yr, rVartria 1162-5 YCh 1120, c. 1200 BM,
Wardra 1166, lVartra 1168 P, Watra 1194 CurP, Wardre 1268
Pat, Waretr. 1286 B.M; - derived by Professor EkwaII (PPN 91)
from OE wearg-treo 'gallows'. The ON cognate1:arg-tre might
also be thought of, bu t OE weard (or ON ·vara-) 'guard', whichis theoretically possible for the first eL, seems less likely on
the topographical side, as the village is in a valley.
Poclinton Bund' 108H DB consisted of the NW. corner of
IIarthill wap, W. and NW. of Pocklington; also a district W. of
the Derwent, including Elvington, Wheldrake, Escrick, Deighton,
Kelfield, Stillingfleet and Aloreby. He re hd and soke are not
coextensive; according to Domesday (f. 299b) the soke of Pock
lington embraced only a comparatively small part of Pocklington
hd, beside a considerable part of Warter hd. - The hundred is
named from POCKLlNGTON: Poclinton 1086 DB, Pokelintona 1107?
(14), Pocalintona 1100-15 (14), Pokelington 1136--40 (14) YCll
427 f., 431, Pokelinton' 1169, 1187 P, 1200 Cur, 1201 Ch, 1228 Cl,
et passim, Poclinton' 1177, 1195 P, 1203 FF, 1241 Cl, Puklinton'
(p) 1205, Pokelintun' 1217 Cl, Pokelington 1219 Ass 1053 m 10d,
1 The meeting-place of the hundred was perhaps near Spellow Farm
and Spellow Clump (6"), c. 2 m. N. of Gt Driffield (Spellow Gate is a
road a mile further east; 6"); from OE spell 'speech'; though it would be
near the NW. boundary of the hundred. There is also a Moot-hill in Gt
Driffield (from OE gernot 'assembly').
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Hi O. S. AndersonThe English H u n d ~ e d · K a m e s 17
1233 Ebor, Poekelinton Cp) 1276, Pnkelinton (p) 1277 Cl. - The
first el. may be an OE pn *Poeela of the nickname type, a dimi
nutive of OE Poh/w, *Poeca pn (cI. OE pohha, poheha, poeca
'bag', BT; NED s. v. pough sb., PNBeds 176 f., Holthausen s. v.,
and Hedin 77); connection with OE pileel 'goblin' (of related
etymology) is less likely, as the two forms in -u- quoted are the
only ones that have been met with, as against about a hundred
forms in -0-. Second el. OE tun 'farm'.
Snee1,lferos hVlld' 1086 DB, Suecolfros Hundred (for Sne-)
early 12th Surt 5, was the district N. and NW. of Beverley, S.
of Driffield hd, including Watton, Bracken and Middleton on the
Wolds in the north and Cherry Burton, Molescroft and Beverley
in the south, with a detached portion in the modern wap of Ouse
and Derwent, including Scoreby, Dunnington and GrimstoD.
From ON Snd3k6lfr pn and ON kross 'cross'. This pn is found
independently in England as Snaeulf in Symeon of Durham
(Bjorkman NP 125).
Wiestvn hvn!lret 1086 DB consisted of the district round
Market Weighton, W. of Sneevlfe7'Os hd and S. of Warter hd,
including Holme on Spaldin g Moor in the west. South Burto nwas a detached part of this hundred. It is named from MARKET
WEIGHTON: Wicstun 1086 DB, Wichtona 1133 (14) YCh 132, 1175
P, fVictona c. 1150-60 BM, rVihtun' 1156 P, ?Wictun 1160-70
(15) YCh 443, Wieton' 1201 Ch, 1204 Cur, 1219 Fees, Wigtone
1210-12 RBE, Wiehton 1219 FF, Wyhton 1230 Ebor, 1252 Ch,
Wycehton 1230 Ebor, Wyehton 1246, Whyton 1268 FF, Wihton
128G, Wighton 1298 Cl; - - from OE wletiln; cf. Wyton PNHu
230, Witton PNW 0 289.'
Hase hvndret 1086 DB consisted of a district round Hessle
in the SE. corner of Harthill wap, mainly identical with the
Domesday sake of North Ferriby (DB I. 325), and a detached
portion in the west part of the wapentake on the Derwent,
including Wressell, Spaldington, Willitoft, Bubwith, Breighton and
Gunby. - I t is named from the viI. of HESSLE, on the Humber,
3 m. W. of Kingston upon Hull: Base 1086 DB, Besla (p) c. 1140,
early Hy2 DC, Besel l lM--7 (1308), 1180-95 (15) YCh 354,
764, 1220 BM, 1250 Ebor, 128H Yl, Hasele 1176-86 (15), Hasla
1180-90 (15) YCh 673, 765, Besel on Humbre 1254 Pat, Hesell
1255 FF, Beselle (p) 1274 Ebor, llesyl 1276 YI; - from ON hesli,
OSw h(£sle 'hazel', 'hazel-wood' (in PNs); cf. the Norw PN Hesle
(NG 1 (6); Sw Hassle, Hassleby (OSw hesleby) (Hellquist); HESSLE
YWR (in Wragby) is of the same origin: Hasele, Asele 1086 DB,
Hesela 1121 (16) YAS 80, 1120-22 (c. 1250) YCh 1430,1215 Ch, Besel 1153-5 (c. 1250) YCh 1497, 1242 Fees, Hesyll1402 FA.
Welleton hrndret 1086 DB was W. and N. of Hessle hd with
a detached part including Lund, locally in Sneevlfe7'Os hd. - I t is
named from W E L T 0 ~ , a villag e 5 m. W. of Hessle: Welleton(e)
1086 DB, W ~ l l e t u n a m 1088 LVD 50d, Wellentone 1100, Welle
tuna c. 1125--8, Welletun 1137-46 YCh 965, 977, 968, Welle
ton' 1204 Ch, 12:'31 Ass 1043 m 8, 1272 Ebor, Weleton 1249 Pat,
Welton 1249 Ch; - from OE 10ella and tun 'farm by the spring(s)'.
On the Ordnance map 'Springs' are marked just north, and 'Spring
Hill' just west of Welton; in the village itself is 'St. Anne's Well'.
Cave hvndret 1086 DB consisted of a district on the Humber,
W. of Hessle and Welton hds, S. of Weighton hd and E. of the
liberty of Howden; and another district on the west side of Harthill
wap, including Thornton, Melbourne, Seaton Ross, Laytham,
Foggathorpe, Gribthorpe, Aughton, Ellerton and E. Cottingwith.
- It seems to be named from the viI. of NORTH CAVE (VHY):
Ca1)f!, alia Ca1'e, Caua 1086 DB, Cava c. 1135-4R (15?), 1145-60
(Hy4), Nort Cm'a 1148 (15), :Vorthka1'e 1148-56 (15?), Noreava
1173 (15) YCh 1123, 1827, 17U, 1124, 197, Northcave c. 1165-80
(14) YCh 683 f., 1240 FF, 1282 Yl, Cave 1204 Pat, 1242 Fees,
Northcaue 1231 Ass 1043 m 8, Northkave 1244 FF, Nortcaf D. d.
YD VII; cf. also SOUTH CAVE, 1'/2 m. SE. of N. Cave: Cave 1086
DB, 1173 (14) YCh 1826, Cava 1119-23 (14), 1154 (14), Kava
1153 (14) YCh 1822, 1824, 1823, Sutheave 1228 Pat, Suthcaue1231 Ass 1043 m 8, Sudcave 1245 1"1"; Marcacava 1173 (15) YCh
197, Marehedcave 12 (1314) Pat. The places are on the steep
western slopes of the Wolds, on different branches of the same
small stream. The name has been explained by Professor Ekwall
(in lectures) as a river-name derived from OE eaf 'quick'., LIITLE WElGHTON, 8 m. to the SE., is of different origin, it is: Wide, Hoveden ht'ndret 1086 DB corresponds, at least approximately,
ton (e) 1086 DB, Witheton 1276 Ch, Wytheton 1282 YI, 1316 FA, 1366 BM. I with the Domesday sake of Howden; it was mainly E. of the
I2
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18 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 19
Derwent, but partly W. of the Derwent including Riccall,
Skipwith and Thorganby in the north. It is named from the
town of HOWDEN: & t HeafuddfYne, to Hcca{uddene, to Heofod
dene 959 (c. 1200) BCS 1052, H01;edene, Houeden 1086 DB,
Houendene 1088 LVD 50d, Hnuedene c. 1121-8, c. 1125-8
YCh 936, 977, Houendena 1130 P, Houenden' (p) 1172 1', 1186
-94 YCh 1000, Houeden 1174--6 YCh 979, 1219 FF, 122f)
Ebor, Houedena (p) 1175 1', 118B-c. 1191 YOh 999, Houeden'
1191, 1196 1', 1199 FFP, 1200 Ch, 1212 Cur (p), 1224 Cl,
Houendene 1217 Pat, Houden 1231 FF, Haueden 1249 Cl;
from OE *heatod-denu with substitution of ON hQtua for OE
heatod; cf. IPN 66. The exact meaning of the compound cannot
be decided without local investigation; it may be perhaps 'the
valley in the head-land (heatod)', though the country-side seems
to be fairly flat, or 'chief valley', cf. Headacre PNSx 12.There can hardly be an y direct connection between the Domesday
hundred and the modern HOWDENSlllRE WAP, the latter being merely a
different designation for the liberty of Howden or Howdenshire, and rarely
met with in early records; for similar cases cf. Allerton and Whitby Strand
supra p. 2, 8. The liberty consisted of the district round Howden E. of the
Derwent, and a district W. of the Derwent extending northwards as far asRiccall, N. and S. Duffield (inclusive). The modern Howdenshire wap only
includes the district E. of the Derwent, the rest being included in Ouse and
Derwent wap. The liberty is referred to as: Houedenesyra 1165-c. 1185
(16), Houendenesir' 1186-94 YCh 988, 1000, Houedenesir' 1199 FFP, Hodene-
shire 1229 FF, wapentacum de Hertle cum parte de Houedenes' 1230 P,
Hogdenes.1Jr', Houedensir' 1237-9 Lib, Houedenscyra 1281 Ebor, Houedene-
shyr' in Herthill' 1305 Ass 1108 m 13d, Libertas de Houeden 1316 FA, the
wapentake s ot Herthill and llouedensh ire 1354 Pat, libertas de Houeden-
schyr 1412 FA, wap ot Howdenshire 1569 D.
Wap' de Hertle 1166, 1201, 1230, Hertlewapentacum 1181,
Hertelwapentacum 1185 1', Hertle 1219 Fees, Hertl', Hertell' 1219
Ass 1053 m 9 f., Hertel 1226-8 Fees, 1268 Ass 1051 m 36d,
Hertl', Herthill ' 1231 Ass 1043 m 8, 9d, Bertyl 1240 YD I, Hert
hil l 1255 Misc, 1316 FA, HeTtulle 1268 Ass 1051 m 37, Hertil'
1269 Ebor, Herthull 1271 Pat, Herthil 1275 Ebor, Hert(e)hille
1278 f. YI, l lartill 1348 Ipm. - The site of the place from which
the name is derived, no doubt the meeting-place of the wapentake,
seems now to be lost, bu t a 12th century charter records a grant
by Thomas de Everingham to the monastery of Watton of land
in Hertle et Westlanges, presumably in or near Everingham
(YCh 49, A.D. 1170-c. 1182). In 1286 YI, William de l lerthull
ot Schupton is mentioned, and in 1287 (ib.) he and others made
an extent of the manor of Everingham. This would seem to
indicate that Harthill was somewhere to the west of Market
Weighton, perhaps in Ship ton or Everingham. - The obvious
explanation of the name is from OE *heor(o)t-hyll 'hart's hill'.
Some of the earliest forms seem tosuggest
OEleah
for the secondel., but they are probably weakened forms of OE hyll; BRINKHILL
Li (below p. 133; second el. probably OE hyll) shows similar
variation between -le and -hil(l) in early forms; cf., however,
Zachrisson, Melanges . . . Vising 187.
The district west of the Derwent is now known as OUSE A"D DER-
WENT WAP. fn 1316 (FA) it only included the northern part of the district,
as far south as Skipwith, the rest belonging to Howden liberty. - In 1197
P homines inter Vsam et Dereu:ent are mentioned, but the first explicit refe
rence to the wapentake is: Wapentacum inter Vsam et Derewent 1200 P 46.
Later examples are: Wapen(' Inter Vse et Dere1l'ent' 1231 Ass 1043 m 5,
Wapp' Inter Vse et Derewente 1268 Ass 1051 m 29d, Wapentacum inter
Usa m et Derwent 1316 FA; le wappyntak in lloudenschyre inter Usse et
Derwent 1285 FA (including the whole of the present wapentake), Wap-
pentachium inter V et D 1305 Ass 1108 m 21d, Owse et DerU'ent 1428 FA. _The name was not used exclusively of the wapentake, but of the district
between the Ouse and the Derwent generally; in 1200 Ch, for instance,
toresta in[ter?] Usam et Derewente is mentioned, and similarly 1219 Fees,
1220 Cl, et passim. The name is of a type common in the North, for instance the old names of the wards of Nb.
Hohlerness wap.
Identical with the peninsula and liberty of Holderness, E. of the Hull
and S. of Dickering wap. For the Domesday arrangement of this district inthree hundreds, see above p. 11.
Wap' de Heldcrnesse 1166, Heldernes wap' 1170, Holdernesse
wapentacum 1178, Holdemeswapentacurn 1183, Heldernessewap
entacurn 1188 1', wapentacum de llouderness' 1219 Fees, Wapent'
de Holdernesse 1268 Ass 1051 m 31,1276 RH, 1285 FA, de Heudernesse 1268 Ass 1051 m 32, 1303 FA. - In the following examples
there is no explicit reference to the wapentake: Heldernesse,
Heldrenesse 1086 DB, HeldTenesia 1098-1102 YCh 1300 (copy),
Heldemeis 1130 1', Heoldernessa c. 1160--2 (1287) YCh 1307;
Hildernessa 1 1 2 ~ - 3 2 BM (1135-9 (1401) YCh 1144); Holdernes
1087-95 (14), lloldernesa 1115 YCh 1299, 1304, Holdernessa
1120-7 (c. 1350), 1138-54 (15) YCh 1318, 1305, 1166 1', Hol
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20 O. S. Anderson
dernesse 1154-64 (Hi) YCh 193, et passim; in ON sources the
following forms occur: Hellomes Heimskringla III 197, Hallornes
~ v a r . Hallames) Orkneyinga saga. - - The name has been explained
from ON *HQldarnes, the first 1'1. being the gen. of ON hQldr, the
second ON nes 'headland'. The early -e-forms may be due to an
old gen. lwliJr of the cons.-stems; v. further Ekwall in Festskrift
til Finnur Jonsson, Kobenhavn 1928, pp. 215-18.
Yorkshire. The West Riding.
The wapentake division of the West Riding is in the main identical
with the division found in 1086, except as regards the NW. corner of the
Riding, the modem wap of Staincliff and Ewcross, which is not mentioned
in Domesday, the district being there surveyed under its alternative name
of Craven (Crave, Cravescire DB); part of Ewcross wap belonged to Lons
dale. In VHY JJ 135 it is suggested that this district may at that date not
yet have been completely incorporated with the county of Yorksh ir e. - As
regards the general topography of the wapentakes it may be noted that
especially those in the north part of the Riding are bounded by the large
rivers running west and east. The wapentakes are of varying size, largest
in the west and north, fairly small in the east. This is no doubt mainly due
to the nature of the country-side; the west part of the Riding is to a largeextent moor-land, little attractive to settlers and of secondary importance
in the wapentake organisation. This is also indicated by the sites of the
wapentake meeting-places; in the western wapentakes of Staincross, Agg
brigg and Morley they are all very far east.
Claro "\Vap.
In the N. part of the Riding, N. of the Nidd, N. and E. of the Wharfe,
bordering in the west on Staincliff wap and in the south on Skyrack wap.
In Domesday the name of this wapentake is: Borchescire,
Borgescire, Bargescire TVapentac; this name is met with later as
the name of the rural deanery corresponding to the wapentake
(cf. decanus de BUl'hscyre 1175-85 YCh 70), and as a distinctive
addition to the names of Marton and Thorpe Underwoods: Thorp
in Burghsira 1175-99 (15) YCh 519, Thorp in Burgesire c. 1200(15), in Burgm'sire early 13th (15) Fount, Thorp in Burghsehire
1317 Fount, Thorpeunderwood in Burghshire 1320 Abbr; Marton
in Burgesir 1219 FF, Marton' in Burgschire 1286 Ebor, Marton
in Burehskire 1310 Ch, Martone in Burghsehire 1348 YD IV,
Marton in Burghshire 1535 VE, 1564 FF. - The name is descrip
tive of the district or 'shire' (v. supra p. XXIII) belonging to
ALDBOROUGH: Bvrc, Bvrg 1086 DB, Bure 1100-8 (14) YCh 426,
The English Hundred-1\amcs 21
1156 P, Burg 1130 P, 1177 BM, (Knaresbur' et) burgum 1200 Ch,
Burg' 1219 Ass 1053 m 7d. 1230 P; (in) Veteri Burgo 1203 FF,
1 2 2 6 ~ 8 Fees; Aldeburg1l'ata 1212 Cur; Aldeburg' 1233 Fine, 1276
RH; also in the name of BOROUGHBRIDGE, near Aldborough: (ad)
pontem de BUl'go 1155 YCh 75, Pontebure 1169, Pontdeburc 1171,
Punt de Burch' 1173 P, Pundeburg' 1203 Ch, 1238 Cl, Punteburg'
1205 Cl; Borebrig 1258 Pat, Burbrigg 1293 Cl, Burghbrygg (p)
1298 Pat. - Another name of this district is probably: Gerebvrg
Wapent' 1086 DB (mentioned in the summary, sub Skyrack). I f
this is correctly regarded as denoting the whole of the present
wapentake (VHY), it may be the name of an old meeting-place
of the district; if so, it is perhaps identical et.ymologically with
Yarborough Li: Gereburg, GerebergLiDB, from ON jariJborg or
OE eorpburh, referring to some earthwork, perhaps even to that
at Aldborough itself.
Wap' de Clarehov 1166 P, Clarhou 1168 P, 1219 Ass 1053 m
6d, 1230 P, 1268 Ass 1051 m 7, 1293 YI, 13H; FA, Clarhowapen
tacum 1185, 1188, 1197 P, Clarau late 12th (15) Fount, Clarho
1231 Ass 1043 m 2, Clarehou 1279 Ass 1057 m 15d, Clarow 1285
FA, 1322 Pat, Clarehou:e 1290 Abbr, 1323 Ipm, Clarhowe 1303FA, 1334 Ipm, 1360 Pat, Clarowc 1327, Clarrehowe 1354 Pat,
Claroo 1539 LP. - Th e wapcntake is named from CLARO HILL,
on the Great North Road, 1 m. NE. of CLARETON (in Allerton
Mauleverer), which has the same first el.: Clareton(e) 1086 DB,
Clarton' 1176 P (p), 1268 Ass 1051 m 8, Clareton' 1242 Fees,
Clareton 1267 Ebor, Clarton 1285 FA, 1301 YI. - The first 1'1.
of the names is uncertain. The pn Clare found once in OE might
be thought of, but it is itself obscure and probably late (v. Redin
133). One might al80 sugge,;t eomparison with CLARBOROUGH Nt
(Claureburg 1086 DB, Claverbw'c 1189 P, Cla-verburg' 1275 RH,
Clareburgh 1291 Tax; v. 31utschmann). In that case the first el.
would be OE cliefre 'clover', and the second elements OE hoh and
tUn 'clover hill' and 'clover farm', but no certainty is possible
in view of the absence of early forms in -v- of these names.
Ainsty wap.Between the lower Nidd and Wharfe, SE. of Claro wap, including
Tockwith, Bickerton and Walton in the west. It belonged to the City of
York and is also called 'the Ainsty of the City of York'.
Ainesti, Einesti, Anestig, Annesti 1086 DB, Wap' de Einestia
I
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22 0_ S. Anderson
1166, Ainstiwapentacum 1180, Einstiwapentacum 1183, Einesti
wapentacunt 1190, AnestiwapentacU1n 1195, 1199 P, Ainesti 1191
-1203 YCh 1122, Anesty 1208 Ch, 1219 Fees, 1230 P, Eynesti
c. 1212 (c. 1350) Pont, 1281 Ass 1043 m 5d, Ainsty 1222 Cl,
Heynesti c. 1226 (c. 1350) Pant, Aynesty 1226--8 Fees, 1260 YI,
1316 Pat, Aynsty 1265 Mise, 1290 YI, 1303 FA, 1357 Pat, 1548 D,
Anesti 1268, Aynstik' 1275 Ebor, Hainsti 1295, Aynstigh 1334
Ipm, Ansty 1428 FA. - T he wapentakc is named from AINSTY
Cliff (6"), just S. of Bilbrough. In 1255 YI there is a reference
to 'the street from Bilburg' (var. Bewebrug' = Bow Bridge in
Steeton?) towards Aynesty'; in 1276 RH the wapentake of Ainsty
is stated to have been held at Bilbrough (coram wap' apud
Bilburg'). - From ON einstigi or OE anstzg (anstiga) 'narrow
path'; names like ANSTEY, ANSTIE in the south of England are
from OE anst'ig or anstiga (EPN s. v., PNSx 261, Pl\TDv 335);
cf. also Lindkvist 42.
S k y r a l ~ k wap.
I
Between Wharfe and Aire, S. of Claro wap, including Micklethwaite,
Collingham, Wothersome, Aberford, Parlington, Garforth and Kippax in the
east, and IIkley, Morton and Bingley in the west.
Siraches Wapentac 1086 DB, Wap' de Scirac 1166, Schireie
wapentacum (for -eic-) 1180, Schireikwapentacum 1183, Schirac
wapentach' 1189 P, Scirhac late 12th YD HI, Schirac ante 1210
(c. 1350) Pant, Scyraik' 1219 Ass 1053 m 6, Skyrec 1219, Skyraic
1226-8 Fees, Skireyk' 1231 Ass 1043 m 12, Skyrrayk' 1268 Ass
1051 m 4, Skyrek 1279 Ass 1057 m 5d, Skireocke 1279, Skireyke
1288 YI, Skyrayk 1285 FA, 1316 Pat, Shirak 1322, Skirack 1341
Pat. - According to tradition, the meetings of the wapentake
were held under an old oak in Headingley, NW. of Leeds; the
name is (or was) preserved in the name of an inn in Headingley,'
also apparently in SHIRE OAK Road and SHIRE OAK Street (6" 203
SW) in Heading ley, On the other hand Dr Smith kindly points
out a reference to wapentac de Scirakes apud Burcheleiam early
13th Kirkstall; Burcheleiam he would take to refer to Burley in
Wharfedale, which for several reasons would be a good meeting
1 Cf. G. L. Gomme, Primitive Folk-Moots, London 1880, p. 210 f., and
references.
The English Hundred-Names 23
place.! - No doubt from OE *scir-iic 'oak where the shire meets',
with subsequent Scandinavianisation; v. Lindkvist 77, IPN 64.
Cf. Schirakes, Schiraykes 13 Selby (in Holme on Spalding Moor
YER), and the modern name SKYRAKES in Gargrave; SHIREOAKS Nt
(Shirakas early 12th Man VI 118, S c ~ r a k e s 1154-67 (1316) Ch,
Sireakes 1189--1201 YCh 1411, Shirakes 1286 Ch) is near the
junction of the shires of Notts, Derby and York. - If the shire
system met with in some of the northern counties once extended
to the West Riding (v. supra p. XXIII), the reference was perhaps
to one of these small shires.
Rarkston Ash wap.
Between Wharfe and Aire, E. of Skyrack wap.
Barcheston(e) fVapentac 1086 DB, Wap' de Barchest' 1166,
Barkeston'wapentacum 1195, 1199, Barcston'wapentacum 1197 P,
Barkeston' Wap' 1219 Ass 1053 m 4, -1226--8 Fees, 1231 Ass
1043 m 5, 1310 Ebor, wap ot Barkeston 1265 Mise, 1316 FA,
Barkston 1303 FA, Barston 1312 Ipm, 1354 Pat, wapentag' de
Barkston Ashe lt102 YAS 3.2 -- The modern form of the wapen
take name, which has not been found before the 17th century, is
taken from BARKSTON ASH, marked on the OS map just W. of
BARKSTON; otherwise the name of the wapentake is derived from
that of the village itself: on Barcestune c. 1030 YCh 7, Barchestvn
1086 DB, Barkeston 1153-4 (14) YCh 155, 1219 Ebor, 1297 Ipm,
Barkeston' (p) 1185 P, 1200 Cur, Barston 1376 FF. - Doubtless
from ON BQrkr (gen. Barkar) pn and OE tun 'farm'; v. Bjorkman
ZEN 22.
OsgoIdcross wap.
S. of Barkston Ash wap and the Aire, extending southwards as far as
Kirk Bramwith, Owston, Skelbrooke and S. Kirkby (inclusive), and west
wards as far as Badsworth, Huntwick, Featherstone, and Castleford (inclu
sive). In the east it includes Snaith, Rawcliffe and Goole and the marsh
land E. of these places.·Osgotcros, Osgotgl'OS 1086 DB, Osgodecros 1166, Osgodescros
1167, Osegotecroswapentacum 1180, 1183, Osegotescroswapentacum
1188 P, Osgotecros c. 1210 (c. 1350) Pont, 1219 Ass 1053 m 3, 1286
I Cf. also, however, coram Wapentachio de Sciraiches, ad molendinumWichdunie (Wigton, 5 m. N. of Leeds) ib.
2 I owe this reference to the kindness of Dr A. H. Smith.
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24 O. S. Anderson
YI, Osegotecros 1252 Cl, 1293 Kirkstall, OsegodecTOs 1268 Ass
1051 m 2, Osegotecrosse 1280 YI, Osgodcros 1284 Kirkstall,
Osgotcrosse 1316 FA, 1327 Ipm, 1360 Pat, Osgodcrosse 1322 Pat,
1402 FA, Osgoodcross 15G9 D; - from ON Asgautr pn (v. Bjork
man NP 14 f., ZEN 16; Lindkvist 138 f.) and ON kross 'cross';
the site of the cross is lost.
Straft'orth wap.A large district in the SE. part of the Riding, on the upper Don and
Dearne, S. of Osgoldcross wap, including the pars of Gt Houghton, Darfield,
Wombwell, Hoyland, Ecclesfield and Bradfield in the west. Its size is no
doubt to be explained to some extent from the nature of this district: in
the east are the Hatfield Moors and other marshy districts, and in the west
it extends into the moor-land of the Pennine Hills. The liberty of Tickhill
was also within its limits,! and the whole wapentake is now usually called
'the wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill'.
Strafordes Wapent' 1086 DB, Wap' de Straford' 1166 P.
Stratford 1170 P, 1266 :Mise, 1307 YI, 1428 FA, Straffordwapen
lacum 1178, Strafordwapentacum 1185 P, Stratford 1197 P, 1219
Fees, 1260 FF, 1316 Pat, Stratford' 1219 Ass 1053 m ld , 1230 P,
Stratford' 1231, 1268 Ass 1043 m 16d, 1051 m 13, Stretford 1292
QW, Strafforthe 1330 y l) V, Stratforth 1334 Ipm. - The meeting
place from which the wapentake is named was at an old ford
over the Don at Mexborough, where the name is preserved in
STRAFFORTII Sands, a name given to some low-lying lands near
Mexborough,' whence the wapentake is also called Mekesburgh
wapentac' 1321 Inq aqd (ct. also: in wapp' de Stratford . . ad curiam
de Sekesburgh (sic) 1279-81 QW). The road that crossed the
Don here was according to Hunter S of Roman or British origin;
the name is from OE stret and ford 'ford where the (Roman?)
road crosses the Don'. The regular forms in -a-, which cannot
represent the dialect-development of the district, may be due to
Norman influence; v. Trafford PNLa 32; or to south-country
scribes; cf. also Startforth PNNR 304. Brandl's explanation(influence from OGael strath) is unsatisfactory; cf. Forster 231.
1 The liberty is sometimes described as a wapentake, as in 1276 RH,
1316 Pa t (wapentakes of Stratford and Tykhill), 1379 SR 206/49.
'J. Hunter, South Yorkshire, London 1828, I p. VII, XII, 390; also
VHY II 33.
3 Op. cit. I p. VII, 390.
25he English Hundred-Names
Stllincr-oss wap.
NW. of Strafforth wap, on the upper Dearne, S. of Aggbrigg wap, inclu
ding the pars of Hcmsworth, Wintersett, Notton, Wooley, W. Bretton, Skel
manthorpe, Cumberworth and Thurlstone in the north.
Staincros 1086 DB, 1204-9 YCh 1784, c. 1210 (c. 1350) Pont,
1276 RH, Stancros 1086 DB, 1219 Ass 1053 m 2d, Steincros 1166,
1170, Steincroswapentacum 1193 P, Steyncros 1231 Ass 1043 m
15,StayncTOs 1233
BM,1268 Ass 1051 m 10, 1286 YI,
Stayncross
1252 Cl, Steyncrosse 1300 Pat, Stayncrosse 1322 Pat, 1428 FA.
- STAINOROSS is a village and railw ay-stat ion, 3 m. N. of Barnsle y,
no donbt named from the same cross from which the wapentake
takes its name. - From ON steinn and kross 'stone-cross'; cf.
Lindkvist 86.
Aggbrigg wap.
On the Calder, N. of Staincross wap and VV. of Osgoldcross wap, inclu
ding Morley, Batley, Dewsbury, Ravensthorpe, lIfirfield and Huddersfield in
the north. .
Hagebrige, Agebrvge 1086 DB, Aggebrige 1166, Aggebrige
'wapentacwn 1180, 1188, Agr.briga 1181, Agebrigg' 1197 P, Agge-
brig' 1219 As s 1053 m 1, Aggebrigge 1231, 1268 Ass 1043 HI
16d, 1051 m 9, 1276 RH, 128G YI, 1345 Pat, Akebrygg' 1 2 9 ~ Ass 1098 m 28, Aggebregg' 1305 Ass 1108 m 9, Akbrigg 1322
Pat, Agbrig 1402 FA. - AGBRIGG (Aggebrigg 1277 WCR, Agge-
brigge 1286 YI, (the repayringe of the easte ende of) Aggbrigge
1572 YD HI, Agbrigg 1601 FF), now a hamlet, is 1 '/ 2 m. SE . of
Wakefield, on the Aire and Calder Navigation Canal; the hamlet
doubtless takes its name from the old bridge where the wapen
take used to meet; in 1286 YI an inquisition is said to have been
held at this place. - From OSw Agge, ODa Aggi pn (a short form
of names in Ag-; cf. Bjorkman ZEN 11) and ON bryggja 'bridge'.
~ [ o r l e ) ' wap.
S. of the Aire and Skyrack wap and N. of Aggbrigg wap. Curiously
enough, Morley itself is in Aggbrigg wap at present, but this must be dueto a recent change, for it was included in Morley wap in 1610 (Speed); for
an explanation of this and similar cases, see above p. XLV note.
Morelei(a), Morelege Wapentac 1086 DB, Morlei Wap' 1166 P,
Morlay wapentacum 1181 P, 1219, 1268 Ass 1053 m 5, 1051 m 6,
1428 FA, Morlewapentacum 1188 P, Wapent' de Morley 1231 Ass
1043 m 12d, 1288 YI, 1316 FA, Wapp' de Moreley 1279 Ass 1057
m 14.
-"
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26 O. S. Anderson
The wapentake is named from the town of MORLEY, S. of Leeds: Mo-
Telei(a), (silua) Morelege 1086 DB, JloTlai 1121 (16) YAS 80, 1202 FF,
1215 Ch, Morlay 1 1 8 ~ 1 2 0 0 (c. 1250) YCh 1617, 1209 FF, 1280 Ch,
MOTlei 1190-1210 (13) YCh 1618, Morle 1226 FF. - The exact spot for the
meetings of the wapentake was perhaps at TrNf;LEY, a hamlet 1 m. SE. of
Morley: Tyngelawe (p), Thingeslau:e 1208 FF, TyngeloU'e (p) 1284, Thynge
lau'e (p) 1296 WCR, Thinglow (p) 1321 YD VI; - from OE ping and hlaw
'hill of assembly'; cf. Goodall 285.
From OE mor and le(a)h, bu t the exact meaning of the compoundis difficult to determine ('the wood on the moor'?). The character
of the country-side is seen from names like 'Moor Head', 'Moorside'
some two or three miles NW. of Morley itself.
Stainclitf and Ewcross wap.The NW. part of the Riding, W. of Skyrack and Claro waps. It inclu
des Craven, which is coextensive With Sta.incliff wap, and part of Lonsdale.
Staincliff an d Ewcross were formerly two separate wapentakes, the latter
including the NW. part of the district; in 1316 (FA) E'Ycross comprised
Burton in Lonsdale, Bentham, Ingleton, Clapham, Austwick, Horton in
Ribblesdale, Sedbergh, Dent and Thornton in Lonsdale.
Steinclif 1166 P, 1231 Ass 1043 m 14d, 1253 Pat, Steinclif
( 'Wapentacum 1195 P, Stainclit'e early 13th Pudsay, Stainclif' 1219
Ass 1053 m 5d, 1230 P, Staynclyf 1268 Ass 1051 m 1, 1276 RH,1311 Ipm, 1428 FA, StainclYfe 1285 FA, Steync1eve 1301 YI,
Staynclyve 1309 Cl, Stainclitfe 1303 FA, 1317 Ipm, Stanecliff
1303 FA, Stanclif 1334 Cl; Staynil 1293 YI, Stainhill 1295 Ipm.
- Whitaker mentions a place called STAINCLIFF, near Stainton (3 m.
W. of Gargrave), from which th e wapentake may derive its name!
I t is a Scandinavianised form of OE stan-clif 'cliff, crag'; cf.
IP N 66.'
Juccros 1219 Ass 1053 m 6, YOCI'OS 1231 Ass 1043 m 13,
Yhucros 1248 Orig,Yucros 1251 YI, 1279 Ass 1057 m 1, 1301 YI,
Youcros 1293 As s 1098 m 1, 1297 SR, 1298 Ipm, Yuckros 1293
Ass 1098 m 87, Youcrosse 1300 Pat, 1303 FA, 1360 Pat, Yuccross'
1305 Ass1108 m 6,
Youcross1316 FA,
Yuecross(for
Yucc-?)
1316 Pat, Yuccros 1317 Cl, Youkaosse 1322, Yukcrosse 1338,
1 'Staincliff juxta Stainton in on e of the charters of Sallay Abbey
among the Towneley MSS'; Th. D. Whitaker, Th e History and Antiquities
of the Deanery of Craven, Leeds 1878, p. 9.
• The phrase inter Airnam et Steinclif usque Merebroc 1155-60 (1230)
Ch (also YCh 1475, 1665) refers to Staincliffe, 1 !. m. N. of Dewsbury; cf.'
Mon V 136.
The English Hundred-Names 27
Yuccrosse 1340 Pat, Yuecr[ossj (for Yuccr?) 1343 Ipm, Youkcros
1347 Pat, Yocrosse 1358 Pat, 1428 FA, Yewcrosse 1539 LP.
The first el. may be a short form *Juki of an ESc pn *Jukell
corresponding to ON l6kell (second el. OR kross; for the loss of
the medial vowel cf. Buckrose, above p. 14; if this alternative
is correct YOKEFLEET YER may be compared: Ju,qufled, Lukufled
1086 DB, Jukeflet 1165--c. 1185 (16) YCh 988, 1200 Cur,
./ukefluet, Yukkeflet 1180-9 YCh 984, 986, Yukesflet 1231,
Yukeflet 1240 FF, Youkflete 1299, Yucflet 1327 Cl); - or,
especially if the forms in Yue- are correct, it may be a short
form of a name corresponding to ON lodlfr, l6arr or the like.
The locality from which the wapentake is named is mentioned in an
inquisition cbncerning the bounds of the chase of Burton in Lonsdale
made in 1307 (YI). The boundaries run from 'the top of the hill of Pene
gent (Pen-y-ghent) .. . to Durlaykhege, and so .. . to Youcrosse, an d from
Youcrosse to Whettyngstan', and from Whettyngstan' to a place called
Langemangrave .. . and so by Knate .. (lacuna; for Knotteranum 2.5 D 7?)
to Caldestan' (Cold Stone 25 D 6) .. . an d from Caldestan' by a place cal
led Harlaw (Gt IIarlow 25 D 6) to le Tong' of BrOlmmore (Burn Moor 25
C 6) .. .'. I have not been able to determine the exact position of Ewcross
from this list with the maps at my disposal, but it was probably in the
south part of Rorton in Ribblesdale, or in the south·east part of Austwick
par, near the wapentake boundary. - The place was the meeting-place of
the wapentake, as appears from an entry on the 1305 Assize Roll (Ass 1108
m Gd) recording the trial of one Henry Blese for various offences, among
others for 'roberiis factis hominibus de Yuccrosse apud crucem de Yuccrosse
de bonis suis'.
Lancashire.
The county of Lancashire is of post-Conquest origin; its full recognition
as a shire seems to date from the end of the 12th century.' In Domesday
the part of the present county that is S. of the river Ribble was surveyed
with Cheshire, under the_ heading Inter Ripam et Mersham. Lancashire N.
of the Ribble, like the soutfi.\rn parts of the modern counties of Cumberland
and Westmoreland, was included with Yorkshire in the survey. Lancashire
S. of the Ribble was divided into six hundreds in Domesday, viz. Black
burn, Leyland, West Derby, Warrington, Newton and Salford; the hd s of
Warrington and Newton were later merged in West Derby hd. Each of the
hundreds of S. Lancashire was identical with a royal manor and could be
called either a manor or a hundred (Blachebvrne... Ad hoc Manerium
1 V. Tait, Medireval Manchester and the Beginnings of Lancashire,
Manchester 1904, p. 181.
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\
i28 o. S. Anderson The English Hundred·Names 29
uel hundredum adjacebant XXVIII liberi homines DB l. 270a; and similarly
SaHord, ib.). All the hundreds of this part of Lancashire were named
from the manors to which they belonged. Tn Lancashire N. of the
Ribble no hundreds or wapentakes are mentioned in Domesday, though the
names of Lonsdale and Amounderness occur as names of districts later
included in the hundreds so called. - Tn the second half of the 12th cen
tury the whole county was divided into wapentakes. The extension of the
wapentake system to the whole of Lancashire no doubt took place after
the time of the Domesday survey,' probably in connection with its growthinto a separate shire;2 it must be due to adoption of the system found in
the counties to the east. The use of the term hundred in Domesday for the
later wapentakes of Lancashire S. of the Ribble might be due to its being
combined with Cheshire, which is divided into hundreds. In explanation of
the peculiar use of the terms 'manor' and 'hundred' in the portion of the
survey relating to this part of Lancashire, it has been suggested that the
Domesday surveyors here met with a stmcture of society different from
that of southern England, viz. an organisation into 'shires' characteristic
of the old Northumbrian kingdom; the terminology of the survey might
reflect the uncertainty that was the result of dealing with this district on
the same lines as southern England.' - Th e ch ang e back from 'wapentake'
to 'hundred' did not occur till modern times.'
Lonsdale hd.
This hundred now consists of two separate parts, one including theLancashire portion of Lonsdale proper, called Lonsdale hd S. of the Sands,
the other, known as Lonsdale hd N. of the Sands, including Cartmel and
Furness. The earliest examples probably refer only to the former part of
the hundred, as Furness is mentioned as a separate wapentake in 1185 (P).
The hundred is bounded on the south by Amounderness hd, from which it
is separated by the Cocker and by vast peat mosses.
Lanesdele -dale Wapentacum 1169, Lanesdala Wapentacum 1188
LPR, Lunesdal'wapentacum 1197 P, wapentac de Lanesdal' 1199
Ch,wapentacum de Lanesdal', Launesdal' 1226--8, de Launesdale
1246 Fees, wapeltacci de Lanisdal' 1235 Cl, wapentach' de Lanes
dale 1292 QW, 1327 SR. - The hundred-name is adapted from
the old name of the district, the Lune valley; v. further PNLa 167,
ERN 270.
Op. cit. 152; VRLa I 271; ERR 41, 28.
2 Cl. Tait op. cit. 177 l.
, V. Jolliffe, ERR 41 pp. 1--42, and on the shire system in general
more fully above p. XXIII.
, Cf. Chetham Miscellanies N.S. vo!.;) (pt. 3) p. 7 and see above p.
XXTIT.
Amounderness hd.
The district between Lonsdale hd and the Ribble; Ribchester par in the
SE. part of the district now belongs to Blackburn hd (with the exceptiQn
of Alston with Hothersall township), but it was surveyed with Amounder
ness in 1086.
Wapentac de Agmlllldernesse 1194 La Ch, wapetac' de Aumun
d'rnesse 1199 Ch, Wapentacum de Agmundernes 1206 LPR,
wapentaki de Aumundirnes 1212 Fees, Amundernes 1215 LPR,1246 Fees, wap af Augmanderness 1226 LT, wapentacum de
Aumundemesse 122u-8, de Aumendrenes 1242 Fees, Wapentach'
de Amllnndernp-sse 1327 SR. - Further examples, no t explicitly
referring to the wapentake, are: A[g]hemundesnes 930 (14) YCh
1, Agemyndrenesse 1086 DB, Agmundernesia 1094 La Ch (copy),
provineia quae vacatur Agmundernes 1123 SD, Aumadernesse
1166 RBE, 1218 Cl, Almunriernesse 1178 LPR, Almundernies'
1206 Cl, Amunderness' 1208 Cur, Agmodernesse 1214 Cl, Augma
dernesse 1243 Pat. - ON *Agmundar-nes from ON Agmundr
(Ogmundr) pn and ON nes 'head-land'. The view that the name
denoted the whole peninsula between the Cocker and the Ribble
estuaries (v. PNLa 139)" seems to me most likely; cf. Holderness
YER and Ness Li, also Nassaborou gh Np (from OE nmss).
Blackburn hd.
On the Yorkshire border, mainly S. of the Ribble where it includes the
pars of Blackburn and Whalley, but also including a small district to the
north of the Ribble (see above); it borders on SaHord hd in the south, from
which it is separated by high moorlands; and on Leyland hd in the west.
Blacheb1!1"n hvnd' 1086 DB, Blakeburne Wapentacum 1188
LPR; Blakeb1.lrnescira 1147-54 (13) YCh 641, wapentacum de
Blakeburnesir' 1226-8, de Blakeburnsir' 1242, de Blakeburnschyre
1246 Fees, wap af Blakeburnechire 1292 LT, Wapentach' de Blake
burneshire 1327, de Blackburnshil" 1332 SRi wap af Blakeburn
1323 Pat. - It is named from the manor of BLAcKBuRN: Blachebvrne
1086 DB, Blakeburn' 1187 P (p), 1242 Fees, Blakeburn 1256 FF;- from OE blmc and burna 'black stream', the old name of the
river Blackwater (v. PNLa 74).'
1 Clitheroe castle was the caput of the hundred (v. VRLa VI 231), and
it is sometimes called the wap of Clitheroe, as in 1322 Mise, 1349 Ipm, 1361
Fine. Cf. also QW 382: quo ad wapentach' de Blakeburnesyre dicunt quod
ipse habet curiam suam de Clyderhou que vulgaliter appellatur wapentach'
de Blakeburnesyre ubi omnes homines ejusdem wapentaehi placitare de·
bent . .. a tempore quo non extat memoria .. .
1
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I
30 o. S. Anderson The English Hundred·Na mes 31ILeyland hd.
W. of Blackburn hd on the Ribble, including in the south amI the west
th.e pars of Standish, Eccleston, Croslon, Rufford, Tarleton and Hesketh,
bordering on Salford and West Derby hds. It is separated from Salford
hd by hills and moor.land, and from West Derby hd partly by the river
Douglas, and (formerly) Martin Mere.
Lailand hvnd' 1086 DB, Lailand Wapentacum 1188 LPR;
Leilondesir' 1199 Ch, wap of Lailondesire 1226 LI, wapentacumde Lelandsir' 1226---8 Fees, de Leiland' 1229 Cl, de Leylandesir'
1242, de Leylaundesyre, Lailondesir' 1246 Fees, Wapentach' de
Leilondshire 1327 SR. - The hundred is named from the manor of
LEYLAl\D, with which it was coextensive except for Pcnwortham
(VHLa VI 1): Lailanfl 1086 DB, Leilandia, Lailanda 1153--60
La Ch, Leiland 1212 Fees. The name is derived by Professor
Ekwall (PNLa 133) from OE Wig-, cognate with ON lrigr 'low',
OIIG lagi, and OE land, and is thus identical with ModE lea-land,
lay-land 'fallow land' (v. NED s. v.).
West Derby bd.
The SW. part of the county on the Irish Sea and the Mersey, W. of
Leyland and Salford hds. Its eastern boundary runs from the Snoter Stoneat Hundred End on the Ribble estuary through Martin Mere (now drained)
to the Douglas near Rufford, along the Douglas to Wigan, and then, inclu
ding the pars of Wig an and Leigh, to the GIazebrook which it follows to
the Mersey. - In Domesday this district was divided into the three hds of
Newton, Warrington and Derby; Derby hd then only occupied the W. part
of the present hundred.
Neweton hd' 1086 DB, including roughly the modern pars of
Wigan and Winwick (VHLa II I 1 note), is named from NEWTON
IN MAKERFlEUl: Neweton 1086 DB, Ni1Oeton 1177 LPR, Neuton'
1212 Fees, Neuton Macreffeld 1257 Ch, Neuton in Makerfeld 1298
Cl; v. PNLa 98. This hundred-name has not been found after
Domesday, but the district is sometimes called the wap of MAKER-
FIELD in later sources: Machesfeld Wapentacum 1169 LPR, Wap
pentak of Makefeud 1246 Ass, wapentach' de Markefeld, wapp'
de Derebyshyre et Makerfeld 1292 QW; for Makerfield see PNLa
93 f.; it is explained as a compound of Brit *macer, W magwyr
'wall, ruin', and OE feld 'field', and it is suggested that it originally the name of Ashton or Newton.
IFalintvne h'cnd' 1086 DB seems to have been identical in the
main with the modern pars of Prescot, Warrington and Leigh
\!
(VHLa 1. c.). The name is derived from that of the manor of
WARRINGTON: Walintvne 1086 D.l?, Werineton' 1228 Cl, Werinton
1236 Fees, 1278 Ass, Werington 1246 FF, whose first el. is a
derivative of the name-theme found in OE pns in Tl'(er-; v. PNLa
96. - This hundred is no t met with after Domesday.
Derbei hvndret, hvnd' Derbie, (homines) Derberire 1086 Derebi Wapentacum 1188, Derebiscire 1197 LPR, Hundl'edwn de
Derbisir' 1212, wapentacum de Dereby 1219 Fees, wa p of West
Derebe 1226 LI, wapentacum de Derbisir' 1242 Fees, Westdere
bisire 1257 1..1, Wapentach, de Derbishir 1327 SR, wa p of West
derbishire 1338 FF. _ . The hundred is named from the manor of
WEST DERBY: Derbei 1086 DB, Derbeium 1094 France (copy),
Derbeia 1153 BM, Derbi 1169, rVestderbi 1177 LPR. The name is
identical with that of DERBY Db, from which it is distinguished
by the prefix "Vest-; both most probably derived from ON dyr,
diflr 'deer' and byr 'village'. For a full discussion of the names
see PNLa 114 f.
Salford hd.
The SE. part of the county, E. of West Derby hd and S. of Blackburn
and Leyland hds.
Salford hvnd' 1086 DB, wapetach' de Salford' 1199 Ch,
hundredurn de Sarnford 1200, Wapentacum de Sau/or'd 1203 LPR,
Salfordesire 1212 Fees, Saufordsir' 1218 CI,wapentacurn de Sal
forsir' 1226-8, de Salefordesir' 1242 Fees, Wapentach de Sal
fordshire 1327 SR. - I t is named from the manor of SALFORD:
Salford 1086 DB, 109,1 La Ch (copy), 1177 LPR, Sauford 1169 LPR,
Saleford 1189-93 (1287) La Ch. - From OE salk and ford
'willow ford'; v. PNLa 32.
Derbyshire.
Derbyshire now consists of six hundreds, viz. High Peak, Scarsdale,Wirksworth, Appletree, Morleston and Litchurch, and Repton and Gresley.
As far as the evidence of Domesday goes, the wapentakcs found in 1086
on the whole correspond to the modern hundreds, with the difference that
Morleston and Litchurch were then separate wapent akes. Two modern
hundreds, those of Wirksworth and Repton and Gresley had different na
mes in Domesday; no name is given in Domesday to the modern High
Peak hd. Two additional wapentakes appear in the 12th century, viz.
Blakewell, perhaps an early name for High Peak hd, an d a wapen
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32 o. S. Anderson
take called Aslakestouwapentacum 1179, Aselakestouwapentacum 1185,
Hatelakestowapentacum 1188 P. The latter of the two has not been identi
fied; it was possibly in Nottinghamshire t (in 1185 it seems to be assigned
to Derbyshire, but Hatelakestouapentacum is mentioned among the Not
tinghamshire wapentakes; the two counties are combined on the rolls); the
name seems to consist of the ON pn Aslakr (OESc Aslak) and OE stau''place', a compound of an unusual kind, but perhaps the second el. should
be read scou, i. e. ON skr!gr 'wood'. - The hundreds of Derbyshire vary
much in extent. High Peak and Scarsdale between them occupy the wholeof the northern half of the county; either of these hundreds is several
times the extent of one of the hundreds in the south of the county. This
is no doubt mainly due to the different nature of the conntry-side in the
different parts of the county: its northern and especially its north-western
part is hilly an d contains large areas of moor-land; the hundreds of south
Derbyshire are more level and fertile and could sustain a larger population.
The central parts of the hundreds of north Derbyshire were the river-val
leys where communication was easy; High Peak hd includes the valley of
the Wye and the upper part of the Derwent valley, Scarsdale hd the valleys
of the Rather and the Amber; the boundary between these two hundreds
is the ridge of moorland to the east of the Derwent, the Derwent-Rother
watershed. In the south of the county the hundreds are not as a rule sepa
rated by natural boundaries; the only exception is Repton and Gresley hd,
which is separated from the rest of the county by the Trent. Some of these
hundreds are very irregular in shape or have parts of their areas detachedfrom their main bodies.
Higll Peak lld.
The NE. part of the county, the Peak Hills and the valleys of the Wye
and the Derwent, including Hathersage, Baslow, Beeley and Darley in the
east, and Birchover, Winster, Ivonbrook Grange, Harthill, Gratton, Youl
greave, Monyash, Flagg, Chelmorton, Kingsterndale, Buxton, Burbage and
Fernilee in the south and south-west.
The hundred is not mentioned in Domesday, but an early
name may be preserved in Blakewell'- Blakewellewapentacum
1195 ff. P, if this name is to be associated with that of BLACKWELL,
a village on the Wye, 3 m. SW. of Tideswell, in High Peak hd:
Blacheuuelle 1086 DB, Blacowella in Pecco c. 1100 (1316) Mon
V 111, Blacwelle 1109-22 (1356), Blacowell' 1155-8 (1316) Ch,
Blakewell' 12:30 Cl, Blakewelle 1231 FF, Blackwelle in le Hautepek
1330 QW; - from OE blrlJC and wella 'black spring'; but there is
another Blackwell in this county near Alfreton (Blacwell' 1242
t It is identified with Aslacoe Li in PRS vol. 34 p. 112 note, but this is
hardly possible.
The English Hundred·Names 33
Fees), and a hamlet of Blackwall near Wirksworth, and the
identification cannot be regarded as certain.
wapentaci de Pecko 1208 Pat, Altum Pechum 1219 Fees,
Wapentacwn de Alto Pecco 1242 Fees, 1252 Cl, 1275 RH, 1316
FA, Hundredum de Alto PeccG 1428 FA, High Pekk hd 1539 LP.
- HIGH PEAK is the name of the N. part of the Peak district, as
distinct from Low or Lower Peak, approximately corresponding
to Wirksworth hd (v. NED s. v. peak sb 1); another name of the
district is perhaps Nordpech 1174 P. The wapentake name is
adapted from the name of the d i ~ t r i c t ! The name of the Peak enters into; Pecsa;tna 7 (c. 1000) Tribal Hid, on
Peaclond 924 ASC (A), Pecheters (for Pechesers; v. NED I. c.) 1086 DB; it
appears as; in monte qui vocatur Pee c.1130 HH, Pe ch 1157,1186 P, del Pec
1228, del Pek' 1244 Cl, le Pek 1254 Pat, Peek' 1306 SR 242/69, le Peek 1336,
the Peke 1341 Pat, la Pek 1341 Cl, Haut Peck 1345 BM, the hee peke 1494
HMC Var 11. The name was probably originally applied to the highest parts
of the Peak Hills and later transferred to the whole district. NED points
out that in the 12th and 13th centuries it seems to have been apprehended
as the proper name of Castle Hill at Castleton. Altum Peccum or Altus
Peccus is a Latinised and Haut Peck a French form of the name. Fo r the
etymology v. PNBeds 176 f.
Scarsdale bd.
The NE. part of the county, E. of High Peak hd, including in the south
the pars of S. Wingfield and Alfreton, bordering on Morleston hd.
Scarvedele, Scaruesdele 1086 DB, Scaluesdale 1130, Scarewes-
dalawapentacmn 1179, Scarewedalawapentacum 1185, Scaruesdale
1189 P, Scaruesdal. 1182-9 BM, Scarvedal' 1204 Ch, 1220 Cl,
Skervedal' 1219 Cl, Scarvisdale 1219 Fees, Skerverdale 1238 FF ,
Scal'vesdal' 1252 Cl, 1275 RH, Scarvedale 1284-6 FA, Scharvis-
dale 1295 lpm, Scarvesdale 1302 FA, 1304 Ipm, Scaresdale 1428
FA. - The first el. is probably a pn corresponding to ON Skarfr
()r OSw *Skarve (Bjorkman NP 122; Lundgren-Brate 229); second
€I. ON dalr 'valley'.
The place from which the hundred is named is lost, but to judge from
references to Wodethorp in Scharvisdale 13 BM (N. Wingfield par) an d
Stmtton in Scarvesdale 1322, 1331 Cl (N. Wingfield par), Scarsdale might be
an old name of part of the Amber valley. At least as regards Woodthorpe it
does not seem likely that the distinctive addition is the name of the hundred
1 The hundred is called uapentac de Bauchull' 1199 P, from Bakewell,
its chief town.
3
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354 O. S. Anderwn
itself, for the only other Woodthorpe in this county (in Stavelcy) is also in
Scarsdale hd. - On the 6" OS map a building called SCARSDALE Terrace is
marked about a mile NE. of S. Wingfield, just E. of the Amber, bu t this may
be a modern name. The modern SUTTON SCARSDALE derives its distinctive
addition from the Earls of Scarsdale, who had their residence at Sutton
in the 17th and 18th centuries (cf. Lysons, Magna Britannia V 271 f.).
Earlier forms of the name are: (in) Sudton et (sic) in Dal' 1203 Cur, Sutton'
in Dal 1242 Fees, Sutton en Dal 1289'Ipm, Sulton in le Dall 1431 FA;
Lysonscalls
it8utton-in-the-Dale.
Wirkswortb bd.
Mainly W. of the Derwent, S. of High Peak and W. of Scarsdale hd,
extending eastwards as far as Matlock, Tansley and Wirksworth (inclusive)
and southwards as far as Kirk Ireton, Hognaston, Kniveton and Ashbourne
(inclusive), bordering on Appletree hd. In Kirk Ireton the boundary is
marked by a Wapentake Lane and a Wapentake Plantation (6" 39 NW).
The modern hundred corresponds, at least approximately, to
the Domesday wapentake of Hammenstan (1), Hamelestan (2).
This has been identified with HAMsToN Hill (6" 38 NW; in Thorpe
par, in the SW. eorner of the hundred) by Williamson. I f correct
the identification would tell in favour of the correctness of the
first of the Domesday forms '; on the other hand it seems doubtful
if Hamelestan could be regarded simply as a Norman variant ofHammenstan. A definite etymology is hardly possible with this
I material. If the first form is correct the name might be compared
with Ham(e)stan Ch (below p. 148), perhaps from OE Hama pn.
If Hamelestan is a genuine form the first el. is most likely a pn
*Hamela (cf. PNLa 155, Mawer NoB IX 56 ff., ERN s. n. Hamble).
Second e1. OE stan 'stone'.
Werkewurdewapentacum 1180, Werkewurthewapentacum 1183
P, Wapentak' de Wurkcsworth' 1212 Cl, wapentacum de Wirkes
wurth' 1242 Fees, de Wirkeworth' 1253 Cl, wapentak' de Wirkes
wurth 1275 RH, Wirkesworth 1316 FA. - ' The- name is taken
from the manor of WIRKSWORTn, to which the hundred was appur
tenant (In 1203 Ch totum manerium de Wirrkeswrth' et Esseburne
, It seems rather doubtful if the identification can be correct, however.
The name given above from the 6" OS should probably be connected with
Hanson (Grange) (53 A 6), c. 2 m. N. of Thorpe, which is Hanzedane in
Domesday (VHDb I, 331) and Hunston Grange 1490 Middleton. If so, there
can, of course, be no connexion with the name of the Domesday hundred.
As I have now no opportunity of seeing the 6" map, I m1!st leave the mat
ter undecided for the time being.
The English Hundred·Names
(Ashbourne) cum wapentaco was the subject of a grant; in 1212
Fees maneriurn de Wirkewrth' cum wapentakio is mentioned).WIRKSWORTH (WyTcesuuyTthe 835 (13) BCS 414, WeTche"uuoTde 1086 DB,
WeTcheswoTda 1130, WeTkeswuTda 1169, WeTchewuroa 1175, WeTkewuTda
1182, 1194 P, WaTkewoTth' 1196 Cur, WiTkewTde 1203 FF, WiTkeswuTth'
1205 Cl, WiTkewoTth' 1254 Fine; and later forms generally containing -i-,
-y- and -so) belongs to a numerous group of names in Work-, Wark- and
the like (cf. Wallenberg 176; also Walkwood PNWo 321, Warkton PNNp
188), generally derived from an OE pn *Wearc-; at least in some of the cases
derivation from OE (ge)weoTc 'fortification' seems to me more likely; cf.
especially Warkworth Nb; the circumstance that most of the names have the
first el. in the genitive is remarkable, but need not prevent the derivation
suggested.
Appletree bd.
In the SW. corner of the county, on the Dove, S. of Wirksworth hd,
from, which it is partly divided by the Henmore Brook, and W. of Morleston
an d Litchurch hd. In the east it includes the pars of Hilton, Etwall, Rad
bourne and Brailsford, and the townships of Mercaston and Ravensdale
Park, but also a narrow strip of land extending eastwards nearly to the
Nottinghamshire border, almost dividing Morleston and Litchurch hd in
two, consisting of the pars and townships of Heage, Bclper, Holbrook,
Duffield, Kedleston, Breadsall, Chaddesden, Spondon, Stanley and Mapper
ley. In 1431 (FA) Breadsall, Chaddesden, Spondon and Mapperley werein Morleston and Litchurch hd, but Kedleston in Appletree hd; on the
whole the boundaries between Appletree and lIforleston and Litchurch hds
seem to have been much changed in late times.
Apletreu 1086 DB, Apeltrewap' 1169, 1185, Apeltreu 1169,
Appeltre hundredum 1180 P, Apeltr' 1242 Fees, Apiltre 1275 RH,
1298 Ipm, Appeltre 1280 Ass 147 m 11, 1305 Pat, Apeltre 1302
FA, 1327 Ipm. - OE a'ppeltreo11! 'apple-tree'.'
IIlorleston and Litclmrch hd.
N. of the Trent, E. of Appletree hd and S. of Scarsdale hd. The townships
of Crich, E. of Wirksworth, and Clifton and Compton, near Ashbourne, are
detached parts of this hundred. Morleston and Litchurch were originaiJy
separate hundreds; according to the SR of 1327, Litchurch hd included the
part of the present hundred that is between the Derwent and the Trent; theyare mostly coupled in records from the latter part of the 13th century
onwards.
1 The site of the tree is unkown, but the court of the hundred was held
at Sutton on the Hill in the 14th century (Duchy of Lancaster Court Rolls,
bdle 43, nos 482, 488; from transcripts kindly placed at my disposal by Miss
H. M. Cam), and it may possibly have been near that place. In 1322 Cl
the hundred is called the hd af AppeltTe and Sultan.
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36 O. S. Anderson
Morelestan 1086 DB, Morleistan 1166, 1195 (-wapentacum),
Morlestanwapentacum 1185, 1194 P, Morleystan 1226 Fees, Mor
leghston 1265 Mise, llJorleyston 1269 Ipm, 1280 Ass 147 m 16,
1302, 1431 FA, Morlegston' 1275 RH, Morleystayn 1281 QW,
Morleston 1316 FA, Morlegheston 1317 Fine; also: wap of Morle
1252 Mise. - The name is a compound of the name of the viI.
of MORLEY,' 4 m. NE. of Derby, and OE stiin, meaning 'the stone
at Morley' or the like. The exact site of the stone is unknown.
- Morley is: Morlege 1002 (11) Thorpe 546, Morleia, Morelei
1086 DB, Morle c. 1200 BM, Morlega 1208-26 Werb, Morlegh
1231 Pat, Morleye 1236 FF, Morleygh 1295 Ch; - - from OE mol'
an d le(a)h; cf. MORLEY YWR above p. 25.
Litlecherehewapentacum 1185, 1194, Wapentaeum de Litt-
leehurehe 1230 P, wap of Littelehirch 1265 Mise, Loehirche wap
1269 Ipm, 1J'apent' de Litilehirche 1275 RH, wappentach' de
Lutcherch' 1280 Ass 147 m 13, Dimidium wappentaeum de
'Lueltirche 1284-15 FA, Luechurch' 1327 SR 91/6.The hundred is named from the viI. of LITCHURCH, now in the borough of
Derby: Ludecerce 1086 DB, Luchercha 1154-76 (1337) Ch, Lutchurch' 1212
Fees, Lutchirche 1221----30 Fees, 1251 Ch, Lucchirch' 1229 Cl, Ludchurch1234 Fees, Lotchirche 1235 FF, Littelchyrche 1258 FF, Litelchirche (P)
1275 Cl.
OE lfitel and cirice 'small church'.
Repton and Gresley hd.
Includes the S. part of the county, S. of the Trent; and Barrow upon
Trent, Swarkeston and Chellaston to the north of the Trent. Overseal and
Netherseal were in Leicester till 1893, when they were exchanged for
Appleby, Stretton-en-le-Field, Oakthorpe, Donisthorpe and Willesley, whieh
till then were in this hundred.
The modern name of the hundred is post-Domesday; in 1086
DB the hundred is called Waleeros Wap'; this name is probably
identical with WALSIICROFT Li (Wale(s)cros 1086 LiDB, see further
below p. 52), from ON Fdli pn and kros:s. It is to be noted thatthere must have been a strong Scandinavian colony in this part
of Derbyshire and in the adjoining part of Leicestershire (cf.
IPN 86), which explains the existence of a Scandinavian hundred
1 There is a place called MORLEY PARK (Morie 1330 QW) in the north
of the hundred, 2 m. NE. of Belper, but there seems to be no reason to
associate the hundred-name with that place.
The English Hundred-Names 37
name here. - - The original post-Domesday name of the hundred
is: waupentac et hllndredruJn de Rapendona probably 1158 DC,
Wapentac de Rapendon' 1lfi6, Rependon'1vapentacum 1185, 1194 P,
wap of Rapindon 1202 FF, Hundr' de Rapendun' 1218 Cl, hd of
Repindon 1265 Mise, hundr' de Repindon' 1275 RH, 1280 Ass
147 m 17d (wappentach'), Wapentacum de Repyndon 1302 FA.
The name is derived from that of the viI. of REPTON, in its NW. corner,
near the Trent: jEt Hrypadune 848 (c. 1200) BCS 454, Hrypadun 10 (c. 1050)Guthlac 1; on Hreopadune 891 (s. a. 755), to Hreopedune 891 (s. a. 874, 875)
ASC(A), Hreopedune c. 1025 Saints, on Hreopandune c. 1100 (s. a. 755)
ASC(F), to Hreopendune c. 1100 (s. a. 874) ASC(D), on Reopandune 1121
(s. a. 755) ASC(E), Rapendun(e) 1086 DB, Repedona Stephen BM, Rependone
1154-60 Db Ch, Rapenduna 1158 France, c. 1162 Db Ch, Rappendona
?1175 Db Ch; Rependon' 1197 FFP, 1200 Cur, 1236 Cl, Repedon 1198 BM,
Repindon' 1253 Cl.
As explained by Professor Ekwall (in lectures), the name is
to be connected with that of R1PON YWR: Inhrypum c. 730 (8)
Bede, Inhreopmn c. 890 (11) OE Bede (MS B), eet Hryopan c. 1025
Saints, both deriving from a tribal name, an i-stem of obscure
origin. The eo-forms are to be explained from u- (and a-) umlaut
of OE y, cf. OE seylon, sciolon (Btilbring § 252), a phenomenon,
which, in the nature of things, is very rare, as OE y seldom occurs
in a position where umlaut is possible. - The later a-forms are
due to Norman influence, v. IPN 112. Second e1. OE dun 'hill'.
In the 13th century and later, part of the hundred is called the hd of
GRESLEY. It is first mentioned soon after 1200 (waps of Rapendon and
Gresley c. 1232 Db Ch, wapentacwn de Greseleg' 1242 Fees), later the name
is generally coupled with that of Repton hd. In RH (ll f. 297) it is 8aid to
consist of one half of Repton hd (medietas hundredi de Repindon' guro
vocatur hundredum de Greseleg'), which shows that Repton hd was the
older name of the district. The origin and the extent of this hundred cannot
be detertnined without special investigation. It is remarkable that it does
not occur in the headings of the assize or the 8ubsidy rolls (it is mentioned
in the text of one assize roll; Ass 166 m 2d, A.D. 1330), which suggests that
it was not regarded as being on a par with the other hundreds. It isnamed from the viI. of CASTLE GRESLEY, in the southern part of the hundred
(Gresel[e] (p) 1124-9 LeS, Griseleia, Greseleia (p) 1166 RBE, Greselea
(p) 1176 P, Castelgresele 1252 FF).
1 The Latin has Ripadum.
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38 O. S. Anderson
Nottinghamshire.
I
The mQdern wapentakes of Nottinghamshire are on the whole iden
tical with those in existence at the time of the Domesday survey; the mo-
dern waps of Broxtowe, Bassetlaw, Thurgarton, Newark, Bingham and
Rushcliffe are all found in DB, but two Domesday wapentakes, viz. those of
Lith and Oswaldbeck, have since been merged in Bassetlaw and Thurgarton
waps respectively. To judge from the somewhat scanty evidence of Do-
mesday, the wapentake boundaries have remained practically unchanged
since 1086. - Just as in the case of Derbyshire, there is great variation.
in the areas of the Nottinghamshire wapentakes; they are smallest in the
south and the east, whereas for instance the wap of Bassetlaw occupies
almost all the northern half of the county. This may to some extent be
explained from topographical conditions; Sherwood Forest must have
covered a large part of Bassetlaw wap, and also parts of the waps of Brox
towe and Thurgarton; the northern part of Bassetlaw wap also includes
considerable areas of thinly-populated marsh-land. The Nottinghamshire
wapentakes are divided into two blocks by the Trent. Broxtowe, Bassetlaw
and Thurgarton are N. and W. of the Trent; Newark, Bingham and Rush·
cliffe are E. and S. of the river. The three first-mentioned wapentakes were
separated by Sherwood Forest, but the three wapentakes in the south and
the east of the county are not divided by natural boundaries. The wapen
Itakes are as a rule regular in shape and compact if regard be taken to the
nature of early Nottinghamshire, except Newark wap, consisting of the
long, narrow strip of land to the east of the Trent. - ( In th e 13 th and 14th
centuries there are repeated references to wapentakes called Plumtree,
Ollerton, and Risley (Db); (1264 Ipm, 1275 RH, 1311 Ipm, 1325 Pat, 1327,
i330 Ch etc.). In 1264 they are stated to belong to the manor of Kneesall,
and in 1311 to that of Castle Donington (Le); the nature of these 'wapen
takes' cannot be determined without special investigation; they are pro
bably simply examples of the term wapentake being used for manor or
liberty or the like; as they are accordingly of no particular interest for the
matter in hand, they will not be further noticed here).
Broxtowe wap.
In the west of the county on the Derbyshire border, N. of the Trent and
mainly W. of the Leen, including in the east the pars of Mansfield Wood
house, Sutton in Ashfield, Newstead, Papplewick and Arnold.
Brocolvestov, Brolvestov Wapentac, BrochelestOll Wapent' (Ru)
1086 DB , lVapentac de Broculuest01lJe 1166, Brocoluestowe Wap'
1169 P, Broculvestowe 1212, Brocolvistow.1219 Fees, Brocolstowe
1275 RH, 1285 FA, wap of Brokolvestowe 1276 Pat, Wapp' de
Brokholstow 1280 Ass 667 m 9d, YJap of Brokestowe 1315 Pat.
The wapentake is named from BROXTOWE, a hamlet, 3 m. NW. of Not
tingham: Brochelestou 1086 DB, Brocolvestou (p) c. 1175 Middleton, Brokel-
The English Hundred-Xames 39
festow (p) c. 1180 Genealogist N.S. XVI 155, Brokelestoua (p) 1182, Bra
culuestowe (p) 1187 P, Broculvestowe c. 1200 Middleton, 1212 Fees, Brocolvistow 1242 Fees, Brocoluestoue n. d. AD VI, Brocholwestouwa al.
Brakestou 1457 BM.
The first el. has been derived from an otherwise unrecorded
OE pn *Broc7Vulf, v. Crawford Charters p. 70; second el. OE stOl/)
'place'.
Bassetlaw wap.In the north of the county, N. of Broxtowe and Thurgarton waps,
including in the south the pars of Warsop, Clipstone, Rufford, Bilsthorpe,
Eakring, Ompton, Laxton, Egmanton, Tmdord, Darlton and Ragnall. The
NE. part of this district, corresponding to the modern North Clay division of
the wapentake, was formerly a separate wapentake, known as:
OSYJardebec, Wardebec Wapentac 1086 DB, Oswardebec TVa-
pentac 1153 BM, Dim' Wap' de Oswardesbech 1169, dimidium
wapentacu1n de Oswardesbec 1180, Oswardesbecwapentacum 1183,
Oswardesbechwapentacum 1194 P, wapentaca de Bers' et Oswar
debec 1242 Fees, dimid' u'appentach de Osewardebek 1280 Ass
667 m 1, Wapentach' de Bersetlawe . . . cum dimid' wapp' de
Osewardbek' 1329 Ass 683 m 13.The wapentake is named from OSWALDBECK, a lost manor, c. 6 m. NE. of
Retford: Oswardesbec 1130, Oswardebech' 1165 P, Oswardebec 1212 Fees,
1216 Cl, Oswaldebec 1217 Cl, 1228 Fine; in the 18th century it still existed
as a hamlet,' but the name is now only preserved in the name of the OSWALD
BECK, a small tributary of the Trent, in West Burton par; - O swal dbeck
was also the caput of a soke (Socha de Osewardesbec 1169 P, Osewardes
beksokene 1349 Pat, Oswalbeksokne 1411 Ipm).
ON Asvarar, ODa Asvarth pn and ON bekkr 'stream'. For
the form Osward v. Bjorkman NP 10, s. n. Asbeorn and passim;
and for the relation between the wapent ake and the soke of
Oswaldbeck, Stenton, Manorial Structure 44 f.
Bernedeselawe, Bernedela'we, Bernesedelawe 1086 DB, Dersete
lawahdl" 1157, Bersetela"im 1166, 1180, 1188, 1194, Bersetewap'1169, Bersetelawewap' 11"70, 1186 P, Bersetelaw 1219 Fees, 1275
RH, Bersetelawe 1230 P, 1280A8s 667 m 1, 1303 FA, Bersetelowe
13Hi FA, BersetllJwe 1327 SR 159i4, Barsettelowe 1331 Fine,
Barsetlow 1377 SR 159/26, Bassetlowe 1402 FA. - Nothing defi
1 Thoroton's History of Nottinghamshire, pub\. by JOhn Throsby, Lon
don 1797, III 334.
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40 O. S. Anderson
nite is known about the site of the place from which the hundred
is named. The hundred-name is perhaps to be connected with
pratum de Bersebrigga early 12th Man VI 118 (also Ch III 295),
near Worksop; on the other hand, Professor Stenton kindly suggests
that the place may be identical with BLYTH LAW Hill, near the
Ryton, about 4 m. NE. of Worksop, as this is the only name in
'low' in the district; but these possibilities need not be mutually
exclusive. - The etymology of the name is uncertain. Professor
Ekwall (AB 25, 199) compares BARNSlDF. La (Bernesete 1258,
1296 PNLa 88) from OE Beorn or ON BiQrn, Biarne pn and set
'shieling'. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the first
el. is a compound in OE siidan 'settlers' but it is not easy to find
an explanation of the first member of such a compound; if the
suggestion is correct, and on the assumption that the Domesday
forms are genuine, the most likely connection might seem to be
OE bcernan or OE beornan 'burn'. One might think of OE bcernett,
bernett meaning 'burning' bu t also 'burnt clearing' in PNs (v.
EPN); it seems doubtful if the first el. of the compound could
be this word itself, bu t it might be some derivative formed on
similar lines and with a similar sense-development. - The -d- ofthe Domesday forms is an AN spelling, v. IPN 109. Second el.
OE hliiw 'hill, mound'.
Thurgarton wap.
W. and N. of the Trent, S. and E. of Bassetlaw and Broxtowe waps. The
northern part of the district was originally a separate wapentake, the (half)
wap of LITH or LYTH. The two wapentakes are generally combined in
records from the 13th century onwards; as late as the 18th century Thur
garton wap was known as Thurgarton-a-Lee (Throsby op. cit. I 1). Lith wap
corresponded approximately to the North Division of the present wapentake
extending southwards to Maplebeck, Caunton, Bathley and N. Muskham(inclusive).
Lide Wapentac 1086 DB, dim' Wapentac de Lide 1166, dimi
dium wapentacum de Lie 1180, Lithewapentacum 1185 P, Lithe1219 Fees, Lye 1274 Ipm, 1280 Ass 667 m 5, Lith 1303, Lythe'
1316, 1428 FA, Lith' 1327 SR 159/4, Lyth 1348 Pat, Lithe 1542
LP. - The wapentake name is no doubt - as kindly pointed
out by Professor Stenton - to he connected with that of the
locality called Lythe 1316 Ch, near Normanton on Tr en t; - from
ON hlio 'slope'; cf. IPN 87.
41he English Hundred-Names
Torgartone, Turgastune (Ru) Wapentac 1086 DB, Turgartone
Wapentac 1130, Turgarton"wapentacum 1183, Turgardton'wapen
tacum 1194 P, Turgarton' et Lithe wapentacum 1219 Fees, wap of
Turgerton and Lye 1274 Ipm, wapentacum de Thorgerton et Lythe
1316 FA.The wapentake is named from the viI. of THURGARTON, 3 m. S. of South
well: Tvrgarstvne 1086 DB, Turgaston 1156-7 (1308) YCh 354, Turger-
tona 1175 P, Turgarestun' 1205 Pat, Turgerton' 1207 Cur, 1242 Fees, Thur-gerton 1225 Pat, 1280 Cl, Thurgarton 1228 Pat, 1303 Cl, Thurkerton' 1242Fees, Thurgeirton 1271 Pat.
ODa (runic) PurgiR (OSw Pm'kir (runic), Thorger; ON Porgeirr)
pn, v. Bjorkman NP 156, ZEN 86; and OE tun 'fa.rm'; cf. Lind
kvist 94. :- In the 12th century the court of the wapentake was
held at IVERSHAGH, in Oxton par, as appears from a reference to
Wappent' de Thurgerton apud lverishaghe .. , existens c. 1180
(14) MS Harley 3640 fol. 92b '; this is the place where Camp is
marked on the Ordnance Survey a mile north of Oxton village
(cL IPN 160 note 3).
Newark wap.
E. of the Trent on the Lincolnshire border, including in the north thepars of N. Clifton, Thorney and Broadholme, extending southwards as far
as Syerston, Sibthorpe, Shelton, Flawborollgh an d Alverton (inclusive),
bordering on Bingham wap. In some sources it is stated to be half a
wapentake.
Neuuercam, Newerca, Newerce Wapentac 1086 DB, wapentac
. . . de Niwercha 1123-35 (c. 1225) Reg Ant, Niwewerch wapen
tacum 1176, dimidium wapentacum de Niwerc 1180, Niwewerc
wapentacum 1183, Niwercwapentacum 1196 P, wapentacum de
Newerk' 1242 Fees, dimid' wapp' Newerk 1276 RH, villata de
Newerk' et dimid' wappent' ejusdem 1280 Ass 667 m 7.The wapentake is name d from the manor of NEWARK (upon Trent),
which was also the capu.t of a soke, coextensive with the wapentake; for
the relation between the soke and the wapentake v. Stenton op. cit. p. 44.
- NEWARK is: Newarcha 1060-66 KCD 818 (copy), Newerca 1061 (c. 1225)Reg Ant, Neuuerc(h)e 1086 DB, Newercham 1090 (c. 1225), Niwerca 1101-
15 (c. 1225), Neewerc 1139 (c. 1225) Reg Ant, Niwerc 1140 (c. 1200) Reg
Ant, 1167 P, Niu'ewerch' 1180 P.
OE neou'e and yeweorc 'new fortification'.
1 I owe this reference to the kindness of Professor Stenton.
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42 O. S. Anderson
Bingham wap.S. of Newark wap and the Trent on the Leicestershire border, bounded
on the west by Rushcliffe wap, from which it is separated by the Fosse
Way farthest south and including the pars of Clipston, Tollerton and
Gamston farther north.
Bingehamhov, Bingamesho'/J Wapentac 1086 DB, BingehamWap' 1169, Bingehamu:apentacum 1177, Binghamwapentacum
1179 P, Bingham wapentacum 1219 Fees, wapp' de Byngham
1276 RH, 1280 Ass 667 m 7d, 1316 FA, 1332 SR 159/5. - In
the 18th century the court of the wapentake was held 'in a cer
tain pit on the top of the hill on the contrary side of the Fosse
Way, near the most westerly corner of Bingham lordship, called
:Moot-House Pit', though it was usually adjourned to the neigh
bouring village of Cropwell Butler (Throsby op. cit. I 139). The
place is a mile W. of Bingham, just south of the crossing of the
Fosse Way with the Bingham-N otting ham road. l\loothill farm is
marked at this spot on the 1" OS map (lithogr. ed.).
The wapentake name is derived from that of the town of
BINGHAM, approximately in its centre. The Domesday name is
composed of the name of Bingham and OE hoh (or ON haugr)
'spur of land, hill', no doubt referring to the same hill where the
courts of the wapentake were held in 'Thoroton's day. BINGHAM:
Bingheham 1086 DB, Binyeham 1165 P, 1226 Pa t (-ham), Bingham
1205 Cl, Byngham in Le Vale 1578 BM, should be compared with
BlNGLEY YWR: Bingheleia 1086 DB, Binggeleia 1182-5 (15) YCh
199, Bingelea 1196 P, Bingele 1208 Cur, 1227-30 YD I, 1254 Pat,
and BlNGFlELD Nb: Bingefeld' (p) 1181 P (PNNb 22); cL also
binguuellan 772 (c. 1300) BCS 208 (Bexhill S-x), and perhaps
wowbincg, wopbinc BCS 982, 1319 (Meon Ha). The el. common
to these names is an OE eognate of ON bingr 'boxed off chamber',
Sw binge 'bin', Norw binge 'boxed off chamber, stall', G Binge'hollow'; v. Torp, Hellquist. T he meaning of.OE *bing- is difficult
to determine exactly; it may have meant 'hollow, valley'; cf. PNSx
464 s. n. Bingletts.
Rushcliffe wap.
In the SW. corner of the county, S. of the Trent and W. of Bingham
wap. It is sometimes accounted half a wapentake; in 1280 Ass it is treated
as half a wapentake, represented by six jurors only at the assizes, but in
1305 it is treated as a full wapentake represented by twelve jurors.
Riseclive 1086 DB, 1130 P, 1219 Fees, 1265 :Misc, 1267 Pat,
The English Hundred·Names 43
1269 Ipm, 1316 FA, Dimid' Wapentac de Risecliue 11613, 1182,
Risecliuewapentacum 1179, dimidium wapentacum de Risecliua
1185, 1194, Risecleuawapentacutn 1195 P, Risclil!c 1266 Pat,
Reseclif 1280 Ass 667 m 8d, Riseclif 1305 Ass 676 m 3, Risclef
1332 SR 159/5, Rysclyf 1339 Fine, 1539 LP, Rysclive 13,16 FA,
Risclif 1362 Cl, Risshclyve 1428 FA, Rushcliff 1569 D. - There
is a small station called Rl:SHCLIFH Halt 1 on the Nottingham
Loughborough railway-line, about a mile N. of East Leake. I t is
in a range of low hills running east and west, called RUSHCLIFFr.
Hills locally (East and West Leake Hills on ma.ps). The wapen
take must be named from these hills, and its meeting-place was
no doubt somewhere near here (the exact spot may be Court Hill,
2 m. NW. of E. Leake). - The name is from OE hris or *hrisen
(cf. PNBk 170, PPN 57 note) and clir. 'brushy slope', an ap t name;
for the northern, steeper slopes of the Rushcliffe Hills are in places
thickly covered with brushwood. The modern form of the name
is due to association with ModE Tush, OE hris having become
obsolete.
Leicestershire.
Leicestershire is now divided into six hundreds, viz. Goscote East and
West, Guthlaxton, Sparkenhoe, Gartree and Framland; in 1086 the num
ber was four; Sparkenhoe hd is of post-Domesday origin, and the partition
of Goscote hd into two does not seem to have taken place till the 14th cen
tury. It will be seen that the old hundreds must have been of very wide
extent. Goscote an d Guthlaxto·n hds, which occupied the west part of the
county, were roughly equally large, but either of these hundreds occupied
about twice the area of either Gartree or Framland hd. The hundreds as a
rule consisted of compact areas, but on the east side of the county parts of
Gartree, Goscote and Framland hds are intermixed in a curious manner.
They are on the whole not separated by natural boundaries, except for
Goscote and Guthlaxton Ms, separated by the broken country of the
district known as Charnwood Forest; the circumstance that these two
hundreds were partly forest may also help to explain their comparatively
large areas. The Fosse Way was chosen for boundary between Guthlaxton
and Sparkenhoe hds, and the boundary between E. and W. Goscote hds
fo]lows the Soar.
Goscote East and West hds.Occupy the northern half of the county, extending from Derbyshire to
the Rutlandshire border, bordering on Sparkenhoe and Gartree hds in the
1 Marked on the map in Kelly's directory: v. also Barth.
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44 O. S. Anderson
south and on Framland hd in the east, there including the pars of Old Dalby,
Wartnaby, Asfordby, l"riEby, Ashby Folville, Gt Dalby, Thorpe Satchville,
Twyford, Lowesby, Halstead, Whatborough and Launde. The division of
the hundred into two parts is said in VHLe I 304 to have taken place in
1346, though no authority is quoted for this statement..
Goseeot(e), Goseneote (1) Wapent' 1086 DB, Goseeote Wap'1124-9 LeS, f166, et passim P, 1229 Ch, 1247 Fees (hundredum),
1284 Ass 457 m 42 (llundredum), 1296 rpm (hd), 1327 SR 133/1,
hundredum de Goseeot' 1242 Cl, 1260 As s 456 m 1, Gosekote 1252
Fees, Gosseeote 1275 rpm, Goseote 1316 FA. - First el. probably
OE gosa 'of geese'; second el. OE cot, - It, for which see PNLa 9.
One of the Domesday forms might point to an OE pn *Gosa
which, in spite of Forssner's doubts (p. 130 note 2), would
seem to have existed (cI. PNSx 514 s. n. Gostrow), bu t the
evidence is in this case not decisive. - The place from which the
hundred takes its name is not known with certainty, but it may
have been in Syston where, according to Nichols,' the hundred
court used to be held, at a place called 'Mowdebush-hill'.
GutblaxtQn hd.
This hundred originally included the whole SW. part of the county,
but now only consists of the eastern part of this district, E. of the Fosse
Way, S. of Leicester, including in the east the pars of Oadby, E. Wigston,
Kilby, Arnesby, Shearsby, Knaptoft and N. Kilworth; the rest of the old
hundred is now known as Sparkenhoe hd.
Gvtlaeistan, Gvtlagi.stan Wap', Gutlacis Wapent' (1) 1086 DB,
Gudlaeheston Wap' 1166, Gudlaehestanwap' 1167, Gudlakestan-
'wap' 1170, Gudlaekistan1.Oap' 1175, Gudlacstanwapentaeum 1180,
Gudulue!,tan1Vapentaeum 1t 93, Guthlakeston'wapentae 1195 P,
Hundredum de Guthlakestan 1247 Fees, Gutlacston hd 1255 rpm,
1265 Mise, Guthlakstan 1260 As s 456 m 12, Guthlaston 1276 RH,
Gouthelaston' 1306 Ass 467 m 5, Guthlaxton 1316 FA, Goulaston1327 Cl, Gudlakston 1342 Pat, 1428 FA. - OE Gilplac pn .:'nd
stan 'stone'. The name is preserved in GUTHLAXTON Bridge (Old 1"
OS), 1 m. SW. of Narborough, carrying the Fosse Way across
a tributary of the Soar (also in Guthlaxton Gap 6" 43 NE, in the
Fosse Way); according to Nichols (op. eit. IV pt 1 p. 140) there
was a tradition that the hundred-court used to be held on a piece
1 John Nichols, The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester,
1795-1815, vol. Ill, pt 1, pp. 2, 453.
45he English Uundred·Names
of land, called Guthlaxton Meadow in Cosby pa r (S. of Nar
borough); this place was clearly near those marked on the
Ordnance Survey.
Sparkenboe bd.
The SW. part of the county, ·W. of Guthlaxton hd and S. of Goscotehd. It is of late occurrence, and Nichols (op. cit. IV pt 1 pp. 8, 669 note 10)
states that it was created in 1346. To judge from the first reference given
below, however, it was far older, though it is remarkable that it is not
mentioned on the assize rolls or on the subsidy rolls prior to the reign of
Henry VI. It is coextensiva with the deanery of Sparkenhoe, first men·
tioned in the early part of the 13th century.
Hundret de Sparchenhou Hy I Sloane Roll XXXI 7 m 12,'
deeanatus de Sparkeno 1209-35 WellsR, Sparkenho 1254 Nor
wich (deanery), 1428 FA (hundredum), Sparkenhowe 1291 Tax
(decanatus), 1340 SR 133/8 (decanat'), Sparkenhou 1342 Pa t
(deanery), Sparkn01lJe 1402 FA (hd), Sparkynhowe 1428 FA
(deanery), hd ot Sparkenhoe 1571 D. - - Etymology uncertain;
the first el. may be connected with OE spree 'shot, twig', Norwsprek 'slender, dry twigs'; v. further Torp p. 515, Holthausen
s. v. sprax, in which. case the second el. would be OE hoh 'spur
of land'. Cf. SPARKEN HILL, 1 m. S. of Worksop Nt (no early forms
found).
Sparkenhoe is probably to be connected with the group of names in
Spark- dealt with in PNDv 520; further examples are SPARKFORD (lost?) in
Hintlesham Sf (Spurkeford' (p) 1229 Cl, Sparkeford 1262 AD Il). SPARK-
FORD (lost) in Winchester Ha (Sparkeford 1323 Pat, 1385 BM); cf. also
SPARKET CUi and Sparkmedwe 1283 AD II I 82 (Henley in Arden Wa).
SPARCHFORD in Diddlebury Sa (Sparcford 1209 Eyton V 178, Sparcheford
1395 AD VI) seems to have a pronunciation with [tf] and does perhaps not
belong here.
Gartree'hd.
In the SE. of the county, E. of Guthlaxton hd and S. of Goscote East
hd, including in the north the pars of Scraptoft, Houghton on the Hill, Bil
lesdon, Rolleston, Goadby, Hallaton and Horninghold. It has two detached
areas farther north, on the Rutlandshire border, surrounded by Framland
and Goscote hds, one including Pickwell and Leesthorpe and the other
BUl'rough on the Hill, Marefield, Knossington, Owston and Newbold.
Ger(e)trev Wap', G e r e t r e ~ 7 V e s TVapent' 1086 DB, Gertrewap'
1175, 1185, 1193 P, Gertru'Wapentaeum 1176, Geretrewapentacum
1 I owe this reference to the kindness of Professor Stenton.
1
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46 O. S_ Anderson The English Hundred-Names 47
1186, 1188, Gertriewapentacum 1193 P, Gairtrieu'apentacum 1203
P 49, Gertre 1226 Fees, 1265 .Misc (hd), 1266 Pa t (hd), 1292 Fine,
1302 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1354 Fat, 1428 FA, Hundredum de Gayretre
1247 Fees, Gertree 1260 Ass 456 m 3, Gartre 1285, 1331 Cl,
Geyrtree 1306 Ass 4/57 m 9. - The name is probably identical
\vith Gartree Li q. v.; cf., however, Lindkvist 49 note 2. The
hundredis
namedfrom
GARTRE BUSHin
Shangton par, nearitscentre. It is on the Gartree Road or Via Devana, a Roman road
running south-east from Leicester, half a mile N. of Shangton
village. Nichols has a detailed description, with plans, of the
place (op. cit. II pt 2 pp. 431, 791); according to him the county
courts used to be held there.
IFramland hd.
In the NE. corner of the county, E. of Goscote East hd, and mainly N.
of the rivers Wreak and Eye. S. of these rivers it includes the pars of Kirby
Bellars, Burton Lazars and Stapleford, and a narrow strip extending south
eastwards to the Rutlandshire border, consisting of the pars of Little Dalby,
Somerby and Cold Overton; Withcote is a detached part of this hundred;
v. also Gartree supra.
Fran(e)lvnd, Franel1'n, Franland (1), Frandone (1) Wap' 1086DB, Pramelaund 1124-9 LeS, Franelun 1130, Franelundwap' 1167,
1183, 1193, Fralundwap' 1170, Freneslund'wap' 1175, Frenelund-
\ wapentaeum 1176, Fremelundwapentacum 1180, Framelundwapen-
taeum 1184, Freneslundwapentaeum 1191, Frenelun'wapentacum
1195 P, Frarnelund 1226 Fees, 1260 Ass 456 m 12 (hundr'), 126;'
Misc (hd), 1307 Fine (hd), Frameslund 1247 Fees, Framelund' 1247
Ass 455 m 14, 1252 Fees, Framelond' 1260 Ass 456 m 9, Frame-
laund 1284 Ass 457 lJ l 39, Framelalld 1337 Pat, 1428, FA. - The
hundred is named from GREAT FRAMLANDS, 2 m. N. of Melton Mow-
bray, referred to as (in) bosea de Framelund 1276 RH; cf. IPN 85.
- From OE Frrena, Frena, Frana pn (from ON *Frceni, *Frdni,
according to Bjorkman (NP 42) identical with the weak form of
ON [rann 'flashing', Sw [ran), and ON lundr 'grove'.
Lincolnshire.
The wapentake division of Lincolnshire follows the old division of the
county into three districts, Lindsey, Kesteven and Holland, and of the first
of these into three Ridings: North, South and West Riding (Norttreding,
Sudtreding, Westreding 1086 LiDb, from OScand priojungr, v. IPN 86;
there are traces of a similar division in Kesteven; cf. Nesse Wapentac et
totum Treding 1086 LiDB, though later evidence seems to suggest that this
designation was used of the whole of Kesteven; cl. H. M. Cam, The Hundred
and the Hundred Rolls p. 14f. and references; the three wapentakes of
Holland are referred to as Treys wapintakes, III U'apintak', tria wapp' in
1275 RH I f. 275a, 307b). - The number of wapentakes is nearly the same
now as in 1086; the wapel).take boundaries are also nearly identical. Four of
the Domesday wapentakes (Epworth, Haverstoe, Boothby and Threo) have
been combined with other wapentakes ~ i n c e Domesday; Skirbeck wap isa post-Dom esday name for the Domesday wap of Wolmersty . The number
of wapentakes is now twenty-nine. - There are great variations in the areas
of the Lincolnshire wapentakes. The smallest of them, for instance Lud
borough or Boothby (now in Boothby Graffoe wap), only number as many
as eight or nine parishes, whereas the largest, as Elloe and Yarborough,
occupy many times the area of one of the former wapentakes; but as a rule
they are fairly uniform in extent, their areas being somewhere in the
middle between these extremes. As regards the Holland wapentakes, it
should be taken into account that they include much marsh-land that was
not brought under cultivation till a comparatively modern period. - - The
Witham forms the boundary between Kesteven and Lindsey, and the An
cholme that between the North and the West Ridings of Lindsey, but on
the whole the wapentakes join on to one another without being separated
by natural boundaries. In the eastern part of Lindsey, however, the Lin
colnshire Wolds form the division between the wapentakes on the coastand those farther inland, though at present both groups of wapentakes in
clude parts of the Wolds district. In Kesteven, the ridge that carries Ermine
Street southwards from Lincoln separates Langoe and FlaxwelI waps on
one hand and Graffoe and Loveden waps on the other; on the east the
Kesteven wapentakes are bounded by the fen district. The Holland wapen
takes are divided by the rivers Witham and Welland.
Lindsey.
The West Riding. - Manley wap.
Consists of the NW. corner of the county including the Isle ofAx
holme, W. of the Ancholme, bounded by Corringham and Aslacoe waps on
the south, where it includes the pars of Messingham, Manton, Hibaldslow,
Redbourne and Waddingham.
In Domesday the Isle ofAxholme is treated as a separate
wapentake, called Epeurde Wapentae (it forms a separate wapen
take also in the LiS, but is there surveyed under the headinglIn Haxehalm) , named from the town of EpWORTH: Epeurde 1086
LiDB, Appeu'rda c. 1145 Mon VI 3HI, Appe(l)u'urda (p) 1179 P,
Epewurd c. 1200 DC, Appew'd' 1212 Fees, Eppewarth 1233 Pat,
1234 WellsR, 1282 Cl, Eppe1Durth 1241 Lib, Eppelwrth' 1254 Nor
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48 0_ S_ Anderson Th e English Hundred-"Narnes 49
wich, Epewrthe Hy3 B.M, Epworth 1327 Tpm; - from OE Eop(p)a
pn (Redin (5) and war!) 'enclosure, farm'.
Manelinde 1086 LiDR, Jlaneli 1115-18 LiS, Maneslei 1130,
Manlea 1166, Manelea 1167, lllannelaiwap' 1168, 1I1.anlewap' 1170,
1183, 1191, Mannesleawap' 1175, Manleawapentacum 1181, 1188,
1193 P, Manled Hy2 (1311) Ch, Manlet 1185 Rot Dom, Malle
wapentacum 1195 P, Manle 1200 SR 242/113, 1202 Ass, 1219 Fees,
1275 RH, 1301 Cl, 1327 SR 135/11, Manlei 1202 Ass, ManleJj 1265
.Mise, Manlee 1285 FA, 1300 Ipm, Manlayh 1319 Tpm. - The
earliest forms seem to indicate that the second el. was not origi
nally OE leah 'clearing'; the LiS form points to ON hliiJ 'slope'
(the Domesday -linde might be due to the scribe having read 1instead of i in the original return). If this is so, the first el. may
be derived from ODa Manne pn (Bjorkman NI ' 95; IPN 185),
which is apparently also the first el. of MANBY in :Manley wap, 2 m.
W. of Broughton: Mannebi 1086 LiDB, Manneby 1257 Ch, 1316
FA; Manley: Manby might be a case analogous to those mentioned
above p. XXXIX. The meeting-place of the wapentak e might in this
case have been somewhere on the slopes to the west of Manly.
- I fthe second el. is after all OE leah, which in my opinion is
unlikely,' the name may be compared with names like MANHOOD
PNSx 79, MAN.4DON, MANLEY PNDv 246, i>49, and references, whose
first el. is OE (ge)mijjne 'common'!
Corringham wap.
In the west of the county on the Trent, S. of Manley wap, including
in the south and the east the pars of Lea, Corringham, Springthorpe, Heapham, Southorpe, Grayingham, Kirton in Lindsey and Cleatham, borderingon Well and Aslacoe waps.
1 The 12th century forms Manled and Jlanlet might also be quoted in
support of ON hlio, but it seems more likely that they are errors of transcrip.
tion for Manlea and Manlec respectively; for Manlec cf. the form of thename of the deanery, below.
• The name of the rural deanery corresponding to the wapentake, has
a different form; it is Decanatus de Manlack 1254 Norwich, Manlak 1291
Tax, 1347 Pat, 1428 FA, Manloke 1526 SR, Manlake 1535 YE; see also
the map in VHLi II 79. In view of this form being restricted to the name
of the deanery, the most likely explanation is perhaps that it was modelled
on the pattern of (BEVERLEY:) BEVERLAC(UM), just across the Humber, which
ought to be well-known to ecclesiastics, cf. also Zachrisson. Latin Influencep. 18.
I Coringeham wap l 1 H ) ~ - 1 8 LiS, 1130 P, 1138-9 (c. 1225)
Reg Ant, 1168 P, 1200 SR 242/118, 1202 Ass, Corinham Wap'
1166, Cornehamwapentacum 1195 P, lVapentacum de Coringham
1202 Ass, 1265 Mise, 1300 Tpm, 1316 FA.
The wapentake is named from the viI. of CORRINGHAM, 4 f f i . E. of Gains
borough: Coringeham 1086 LiDB, 1100-15 (c. 12"25) Heg Ant, 1162 P,
Coringham 1086 LiDB, 1163 (c. 1225) Reg Ant, 1196 P, Coringheham 1115
LiS.For the etymology v. PNing 140; PNSx 371 s. n. Corsley.l
Well wap.On the Trent, S. of Corringham and W. of Aslacoc and Lawress waps,
including in the east the pars of Upton, Kexby, Willingham, Stow and
Sturton by Stow, and in the south those of Kettlethorpe and Newton on
Trent.
Welle 1086 LiDB, 1115-18 LiS, 1123--33, 1135--9 (c. 1225)
Reg Ant, 1168 P, 1202 Ass, 1275 RH, 1327 SR 132/11, Welle-
wapentacwn 1090 (c. 1225) Reg Ant, 1181 P, Well' 1202 Ass.
- OE wella 'spring'!
Aslacoe wap.
S. of Manley and Corringham waps, E. of Corringham and Well waps,W. of the Ancholme, bounded by Lawress wap on the south, where it includes
the pars of Cammeringham and Hackthorn.
Aslacheshou 1086 LiDB, Aslocahou 1115-18 LiS, Aslachou
1130, Aslacheho 1166, Oselacheho 1168, Aselachishowap' 1175,
Haselakeshowapentacum 1178, Aselakeshowapentacum 1183, Ase-
lakehowapentacum 1191, Oselakeshowapentacum 1193 P, Aslahou
1200 SR 242/113, ·llaselachog', Aselakeho 1202 Ass, Aslachow
1242 BM, Aslachou 1254 Norwich, 1300 Tpm, Aselachou 1265
Mise, 1316 FA, Aslakhowe 1287 Tpm, 1332 SR 135/16. - ON
1 Coringatune c. 1066 (c. 1200) Thorpe 595 (Li) might be compared,
but it has been identified with Kirmington (LiDE XLII), or Quarrington
or Cockerington (Karlstr(jrn 82); in either case the form in Thorpe must be
corrupt. But it may possibly be the name of a lost place, to be connected
with Corringham etymologically.
• The wapentake was also known as the wap of Stow: del wapentac del
Estou 1093---7 (e. 1225) Reg Ant, Wapentac del Estou 1130 P, de wapen-
taco del Estowa 1155--8 (1329) Ch, Stou Wapentac 1156 et passim P, wapen-
tak de Stowa 12J.5 Ch, from Stow St Mary. The wapentake is coextensive
with the soke of Stow, which is apparently the reason for this name; cf.
DC p. CIX note 5.
4
I I111l
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50
I
O. S. Anderson
Asl6kr, OESc Aslak pn and ON haugr 'mound'; cf. Bjorkman NP
20, Lindkvist 175, IPN 87; and for the LiS form IPN 62.
Lawress wap.A district to the north of Lincoln, bounded on the south by the Wit
ham, on the west by Well, on the north by Aslacoe and on the east by
Wraggoe waps, including in the east the pars of Faldingworth, Busling
thorpe, Friesthorpe, Snarford, Dunholme, Scothern and Barlings.Lagvlris 1086 LiDB, Lagolfris 1115---8 LiS, Laulris c. 1155 DC,
Lauriswap' 1168, Laulriswap' 1170 P, Lauelris 1202 Ass, Lauris
1200 SR 242(113, 1202 Ass, 1254 Norwich, 1265 Mise, 1316 FA,
La Wris 1242 Fees, Laurys 1275 RH, 1287 Ipm, Laweris 1276 RH.
Lawris 1285 FA. - First el. no doubt an ON pn *Lag-Ulfr, as
suggested already by Streatfeild: Professor Ekwall (IPN 88) com
pares Icel. names like Laga-Ulfli6tr, LQg-Skapti. Second el. ON
hris 'brush-wood, coppice'. The name should perhaps be connected
with that of RISEIIOLME, 2 m. N. of Lincoln: Rismu BCS 22 (spurious; .
14th cent.), Risun 1086 LiDB, 1115---8 LiS, 1207 FF, Rison c.
1100 LN Petrob, 1123 France, Risum 1229 Ch, 1234 Cl; - from
ON hrisum (or OE hr'isum) dat. pI. of hris.
The North Riding. - Yarborough wap.The NE. part of the county on the Hllmber, E. of the Ancholme and
Manley wap, and N. of Walshcroft and BradleyHaverstoe waps, including
in the south the pars of N. Kelsey, Nettleton, Caistor, Gt Limber, Keelby
and Stallingborougb.
Gereburg, Gereberg 1086 LiDB, lerburc 1115-8 LiS, Gereburc
1162, Yerburc 1166, Yereburc 1168, lerburcwapentacum 1179,
Gerburcwapentacum 1183 P, Jareburg 1185 Rot Dom, Jereburg
1200 SR 242/113, Gierbu1'c', Yerdeburga 1202 Ass, Jerdebrug'
1219 Fees, Jordeburg 1238 Gross, Jorburg' 1238--41 Fees, lerde
burg' 1254 Norwich, Yerdeburg 1265 Mise, Jertheburg' 1275 RH,
Yardeburg 1288 Ipm, Jordeburgh 1316 FA. - The wapentake is
named from Y.ARBOROUGH CAMP, an earth-work 7 m. NE. of Brigg,on the boundary-line between Melton Ross and Croxton pars, a
mile NE. of Melton ROBS viI., approximately in its centre. - From
ON jara-borg 'earth-work' (Streatfeild), or, less likely, from OE
corp-burh. YARBURGH, 4 m. NE. of Louth (Louthesk hd) has the
same origin (Gc-reburg 1086 LiDB, lerburc 1115-18 LiS, Gerdebur
(p) c. 1175, Jerdeburc (p) late 12th DC, lerborc 1195, Jerdeburg
1208 FF, Jertheburg (p) 1276 Cl).
The English H u n d r e d · ~ a l I 1 e s 51
Bradley Haverstoe wap.On the coast S. of Yarborough wap, including the pars of Rothwell,
Cuxwold, Beelsby, Hatcliffe, E. and W. Ravendale, Swinhope, Wold Newton,
Hawerby cum Beesby, N. Thoresby and Marsh Chapel in the south. Bradley
and Haverstoe were till recently separate wapentakes, the former inclu
ding the N. part of the district, extending southwards as far as Swallow,
lrby, Bradley, Scartho, Holton le Clay and Tetney (inclusive).
Bradelai wap 1086 LiDB, Bredelai wap 1115---18 LiS, 1166 P,
Bradelaewapentacum 1181, Bredelawapentacum 1182 P, Braitele
-wapentak' 1185 Rot Dom, Bradeleawapentacum 1188, Bradelawap'
1189, Bradelewapentacum 1191 P, Bradeleia wap' 1200 SR 242/
113, Bradel' ll'apentak 1202 Ass, Wapentacum de Bradele 1242
Fees, 1265 Mise, Wappentacmn de Bradelee 1316 FA, Wap'n' de
Bradeleye 1327 SR 135/11.
The wapentake is named from the viI. of BRADLEY, 2 m. SW. of Grimsby:
Bredelou 1086 LiDB, Bredelai 1115-18 LiS, Breidala c. 1150 BM, Bradela
(p) 1163, Bradelai (p) 1170, Bredelay 1177 P, Braidela (p) 1175--81 DC,
Bradele before 1183 DC (p), 1212 Fees, Bradeleg' 1196 P, 1204 Pat.
OE brad and le(a)h 'wide clearing'. The forms in -e- and -ai
(ei) are due to influence from the ON cognate breior.
Hawardeshou 1086 LiDB, 1115--18 LiS, 1238-11 Fees, 1275RH, 1316 FA, HmJJardesho 1168, 1185 (-wapentacum), 1201 P,
1202 Ass, HaiwaTdho 1185 Rot Dom, Hawurthehowapentacum 1200
P 46, Hawardishou 1219 Fees, Hawardeho 1230 P, Hawardhou
1242 Fees, 1265 Mise, Hay1L'ardeshow 1275 RH, 1281 QW, Hawar
deshow 1288 Ipm, Hawardeshowe 1327 SR 135/11, llawardshowe
1428 FA. - ON Havaror, OSw Havardh, ODa Hawarth pn and
ON haugr 'mound'; v. Lindkvist 181 f. - The viI. of HAWERBY,
in Haverstoe wap, no doubt takes its name from the same man;
cf. IPN 87 f.; it is: Hawardeb'i 1086 LiDB, 1196 P, 1202 BM,
Hawardabi 1115-18 LiS, Hawrtherbi 1204 P 50 rot. 5 m 1,
Hawardeby 1204 BM, 1244 Gross, 1261 FF.1
Walshcroft wap. \S. of Yarborough and Bradley waps, bordering on Aslacoe wap in th e
west, from which it is separated by the Ancholme, and on Wraggoe wap
in the south, where it includes the pars of Binbrook, Stainton le Vale,
1 The same name is found in HAWTHORPE (Irnham par, in SW. Lines):
Awartorp 1086 LiDB, Hawrtorp early Hy2, Hawrthorp c. 1160 DC, Ha
wartorp 1202 FF, Hauerthorpe early Hy3, Hagherthorpe 1297, lluuurthorpe
1325 BM. .
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52 O. S. Anderson
Tealby, N. Willingham, Linwood, Middle Rasen, Newton by Toft and Toft·
nexL Newton.
Wale(s)cros 1086 LiDB, Walescroft 1115--18 LiS, 1166, 1168
P, 1200 SR 242/113, 1202 Ass, 1254 Norwich, 1316 FA, Waliscros-
wap' 1175, lValescroswapentacum 1183, Walescroftwap' 1189,
Walecroft1Dapentacum 1191 P, Walsecroft 1238 Gross, Walscroft
1242 Fees, 1276 RH, Walscros 1275 RH, Walshecroft 1287 Ipm,
1327 SR 135/11; cf. Alsi de Walescroft 1130 P (Li). - FiI:st el.probably ON Vdli pn (OSw *Vale, ODa *Wali in PNs); second
el. ON kross 'cross' . - The viI. of WALESBY in this wapentake,
3 m. NE. of Market Rasen, no doubt takes its name from the
same VdU; cf. IPN 87 f.; it is: Walesbi 1086 LiDB, 1115--18 LiS,
1154 BM, 1188 P (p), 1204 Cur, Walesby 1187 (1409) Gilb, 1227
WellsR, 1240 FF, Walebi 1196 Cur, Waleby 1239 Gross, 1246 Pat.
Ijudborough wap.A small district S. of Haverstoe and E. of Walshcroft waps, including
the pars of Wyham, Ludborough, Fulstow, Covenham St Bartholomew
and St 1tIary, Utterby, N. Ormsby, Fotherby, Lt Grimsby an d Bracken
borough. In 1086 (DB) and 1316 (FA), Fulstow was in Haverstoe and
Brackenborough in Louthesk wap.
Ludeburc wap 1115--8 LiS, Lueburc Wap' 1168 P, Luburg'
wap' 1200 SR 242/113, Luburc', Lueburga Wapentak 1202 Ass,
wapentacum de Luburg 1238-41 Fees, wap of LUdebur 1265 Mise,
uJapentag' de Ludeburg 1275 RH, de Ludeburgh 1316 FA, de Lud-
burgh' 1327 SR 135/11.The wapentake is named from the viI. of LUDBOROUGH: LudebuTg 1086
LiDB, LudebuTc 1115-18 LiS, Hy2 (1409) Gilb, LudbuTC (P) 1177, LubuTC
1191 P, LeubuTC 1197, LubuTg 1210 FF, LuthbuTg (p) 1245 Gross, Luthe-
bUTg 1269 FF, LouthebuTgh 1297 Pat.
First el. the river-name LUD, second el. OE burh 'castle';
v. ERN 262.
The South Riding. - Wraggoe wap.
In the west of the Riding, S. of Walshcroft wap, including in the eastand in the south the pars of Ludford Magna, Burgh on Bain, Biscathorpe,
Benniworth, Sotby, Hatton, Langton, Apley and Stainfield, bordering on
Louthesk an d Gartree hds.
Waragehou 1086 LiDB, TVraghehou 1115--18 LiS, Wrangho
1166, Wragehou 1168, TVraghowapentacum 1180, 1193, Wrangho-
wapentacum 1183 P, Wrchou : 200 SR 242/113, Wraghog', H'raggeho
1202 Ass, Wraghou 1206 Ass, 1242 Fees, 1285 FA, 1332 SR 135/16,
The English Hunched-Names 53
Wrackou 1212 Fees, Wragho 1254 Norwich, Wraggehow 1288 Ipm,
Wraghowe 1323 Cl, 1327 SR 135/11, Wraggowe 1428 FA. - The
first el. is explained by Bjorkman (ZEN 94) from an unrecorded
pn *Wragge of Scandinavian origin; second el. ON haugr 'mound'.
- The same man no doubt also gives name to the town of WRAGBY,
in the west of the wapentake, 7 m. S. of Market Rasen: Waragebi
1086 LiDB, Wrag(h)ebi 1115--18 LiS, Warkebi (p) c. 1150-60
DC, Wraggebi Hy2 DC, 1194 P, 1202 Ass (p), 1221 Cl, Wrracheby
(p) 1154-72 (1407) Gilb, Wragebi c. 1175 DC, 1200 Cur, Wrage-
nebi 1200 Cur, Wrackebi 1212 Fees, Wraggeby 1226 FF; v. IPN
87. - Cf. WRAGBY YWR: Wraggebi 1160-c. 1170 (c. 1250) YCh
1597, Wraggeby (p) 1308 WCR.
Gartree wap.
On the Witham, S. and E. of Wraggoe wap, bordering on Louthesk and
Hill hds and the Soke of Horncastle in the east, where it includes the pars of
Donington on Bain, Stenigot, Cawkwell, Scamblesby, Belchford, Hemingby,
Edlington, Woodhall, Langton, Thornton, Martin, Dalderby, Scrivelsby,
Kirkby on Bain, Tumby and Tattershall. In 1086 its area was considerably
smaller than at present (v. map in LiDB).
Cheiretre 1115--18 LiS, Gertrie 1167 P, Geretre 1168, 1185P,
1234 WellsR, Gertrewapentacum 1178, 1188, 1193 P, Jeretre 1185
Rot Dom, Gairtre 12 (14) Bardney 88, 1201 P, 1219 Fees, 1332
SR 135/16, Geirtre 1200 SIl 242/113, 1202 Ass, Gaertre 1202 Ass,
Gayretr' 1212, Gertre 1242 Fees, Gertr' 1254 Norwich, Gayrtre
1265 Misc, 1275 RH, 1327 SR 135/11, 1428 FA, Gayrretre 1275 RIT,
Gartre 1275 Misc, 1526 SR, Gayrtree 1316 FA. - Der ived by
Lindkvist (p. 49) from ON geiri 'gore' and ON tre 'tree'; cf.
GARTREE Le (above p, 45); also GARSTANG PNLa 163. The occur
rence of this first el. in compound with a word for 'pole' twice,
and with one for 'tree' twice (probably) casts some doubt on the
etymology proposed by Lindkvist; at least, these compounds may
have had some technical sense, now lost.
Louthesk hd.
On the coast, E. of Wraggoe and Gartree waps, and S. of Bradley
Haverstoe and Ludborough waps, including in the south the pars of Farforth
cum 1tIaidenwell, Ruckland, Burwell, Authorpe, Castle Carlton, Great Carlton
and Saltfleetby, bordering on Hill and Calceworth hds.
Ludes 1086 LiDB, Ludesc 1115-18 LiS, Ludesca c. 1155 DC,
1209-19 WellsR, Ludeswap' 1168, Ludheswap' 1175, Ludhesche
, I
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1176, Ludese-wapentacum 1183, Ludeschewapentacum 1188, Ludesc
'Wapentacum 1197 P, Luddeske 1200 SR 242/113, Ludeske, Luth-
esch 1202 Ass, Luthesk' 1212 Fees, 1254 Norwich, 1276 RH,
Luthesch 1219 Fees, Ludescha early Hy3 (1409) Gilb, Ludesh'
1233 WellsR, Luthesk 1265 Mise, Ludesk 1270 Grav, 1316 FA,
Lutheeske 1275 RH, Ludesch 1288 rpm, Louthesk' 1327 SR 135/11.
- 'The a sh-t re e of Louth'; v. ERN 262; the first eI. is the river
name LUD,' the second a Scandinavianised form of OE G?sc, orOScalld eski; cf. IPN 87.
Hill M.
A small district in the Wolds, S. of Louthesk hd, and E. of Gartree
wap and the Soke of Horncastle, including in the west the pars of Fulletby,
Greetham, Scrafield, Winceby, Hameringham and-Claxby Pluckacre, in the
south those of Hagworthingham, Aswardby, Sausthorpe and Langton by
Spilsby, and in the east those of Harrington, Brinkhill, S. Ormsby cum
Ketsby and Walmsgate, bordering on Calceworth hd.
Hylle 1086 LiDB, 1209-19 WellsR, 1242 Fees, 1275 RH, Hille
1086 LiDB, 1168 P, 1202 Ass, 1212 Fees, 1265 Mise, 1287 Ipm,
1316 FA, Hula 1115-18 LiS, Hille-wap' 1170 P, Hul(le) 1275 RH.J- - OE hyll 'hill'.
Calceworth hd.
On the c o a ~ t , S. of Louthesk an d E. of Hill hds, N. of Candleshoe wap,
including the pars of Ulceby, Claxby, WiIloughby, Hogsthorpe and Anderby
in the south. Legbourne and Lt Cawthorpe, locally in Louthesk hd, are a
detached part of this hundred.
Calsvad 1086 LiDB, Calsuad 1086 LiDB, 1167 P, Calswat 1115
-18 LiS, early Hy2 DC, 1242 Fees, Hy3 BM, 1275 RH, Cals-wath
wap' 1168, Calshowad 1169, Caltwait-wapentacum 1178, Cals-wad
wapentacum 1181 P, Kalsewath 1185 Rot Dam, Gals-watwapen
tacum 1196 P, Calswath 1200 SR 242/113, 1209-19 WellsR, 1359
Ipm, 1428 FA, Calswat', Kalswath' 1202 Ass, Calswad early Hya
BM, Cals-wath' 1242 Fees, 1827· SR 135/11, Calsewat 1265 Mise,
Calsewath1284 BM, 1316
FA, ralcewath1431 FA, 1526 SR,1539 LP, Calsewaythe 1535 VE,· Calseworth 1585 D; cL also:
Gillebertus de Calsuade 1193 P Cc.i). - ON Kdltr, OSw Kalt,
ODa Kalft pn and ON vad 'ford'; v. IPN 87.1 - The viI. of CALCEBY
on a small stream on the western border of the hundred probably
1 The ford may be the one marked on the OS map just W. of Calceby;
cl. IPN 88.
Th e English Hundred·Names 55
takes its name from the same man; cf. IPN I. c. I t is Calesbi 1086
LiDB, 1115--18 LiS, e. 1150-60 DC, 1198 Cur (p), Kalesbi (p)
1206 Ass, Calcebi 1219 FF, Calesby 1209-35 WellsR, Calseby
1242 Fees, 1254 Norwich, Calceby 1269 Grav.'
Candleshoe wap.On the coast S. of Calceworth hd and E. of Hill hd, bordering in the
south on Skirbeck wap in the Parts of Holland, including in the west an d
in the south the pars of Driby, Dalby, Partney, Ashby, Gt Steeping, Firsby,
Irby in the Marsh, Bratoft, Croft, Wainfleet All Saints and St Mary, and
Friskney.
Calnodeshou 1086 LiDB, 1115-18 LiS, Calnodesho 1167,
Cainadehou 1168, Canleshowap' 1170, Canleshou-wapentacum 1178,
Candlesho-wupentacu1n 1183, Candeleshowapentacum 1193 P,
Candleshov 1200 SR 242/113, Kand(e)lesho 1202 Ass, Cande
leshou 1212 Fees, Candleshou 12tj5 Mise, Candelshou 1275 RH,
1316 FA, Candelleshowe 1327 SR 135/11, Candeshou 1428 FA.
- The same first el. is found in CANDLESBY, in Candleshoe wap,
3 m. E. of Spilsby: Calnodesb'i 1086 LiDB, Calnosbeie early 12th
YCh II p. 435, Canlouesbi 1140-60 (early 13th) Kirkstead 3/8,
Kannosbi (p) 1166 RBE, Calosbi (p) Hy2 DC, Kanleby (p) 1196 FFP,
Kandlobi 1200 SR 242/113, Candlouebi, Kand(e)lesbi 1202 Ass (p),
Canloueby 1202 FF, Candluobi, Candlouby (p) 1212 Fees, Kanlouby
1245 Ch, Kanloby 1247 FF, 1250 rpm; Candelesby 1238 FF;-a l ld in
CAUNTON Nt: Calnestune 1086 DB, Kalnadatun (p) c. 1150-60 DC,
Calnodeston 1167, Calnaton' 1194 P, Caltnadtun early 13th, Kal-
nadton early Hy3 BM, Calnetheton' 1241 Ebor. - In PNDv 276
it is suggested that the first el. may be an OE pn composed of
OE calu 'bald' and nO!1 'daring'; or could it be a Seandinavianised
form of OE CeolnOf!? - S e ~ o n d elements ON hau,gr 'hill, mound'
and byr 'village' and OE tun 'farm'. Candleshoe and Candlesby
ar e no doubt named from the same man; cf. IPN 87. Th e Rev.
Canon C. W. Foster kindly suggests that Candleshoe may be
identical with CANDLESBY HILL, half a mile N. of Candlesby.
Bolingbroke wap or soke.
Occupies a district in the south of the Riding W. of Candleshoe and
Skirbeck wilPs and S. of Hill hd, including in the west the pars of Asgarby,
Miningsby, Revesby, Westville and Frithville, bordering on Horncastle
soke.
1 Bjiirkman (ZEN 50 f.) derives this name from ON Kali pn, but there
can scarcely be any doubt that it is to be connected with Calceworth.
56 o. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 57
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Bolinbroc wap 1086 LiDB, 1115--18 LiS, Bulinbroc wapen
tacum 1140-47 (c. 1225) Reg Ant, Bulingbroc Wap' 1168,
Bullingbroch'wap' 1175 P, Wapentac de Bulinbroc 1202 Ass, wapp'
de Bulingbroc 1275 RH, soka de Bolingbrok 1316 FA.The wapentake and the soke, which are coextensive, are named from
the manor of BOLINGBROKE: Bolinbroc 1086 LiDB, c. 1135 DC, Bullinbroca
c. 1145, Bulingbroch 1142-53, Bulinbroc' 1151-3 DC, Bulincbroc 1154-60
(c. 1225) Reg Ant, Bulinbroc 1190 DC; Bulebroc 1200 Cur, Bulingbroc 1202
Ass.
OE bula 'bull' or Bula pn (cf. PNing 145) and brac 'brook'.
On the relation between the wapentake and the soke, v. Stenton,
Manorial Structure 44 f.
Horncastle wap or soke.Consists of an irregular, straggling district between Bolingbroke soke
and Gartree wap surrounding Horncastle, an d a detached portion on the
Witham, including Coningsby, Wildmore, Thornton le Fen and Langriville.
The area included in Horncastle wap in DB was considerably larger than
that of the present soke; see above under Gartree.
Hornecastre U'apentac 1086 LiDB, Hornecastra wap 1115-18
LiS, Wapentac de Hornecastr' 1166, Hornecastra Wap' 1168 P,
Wapentacumde
Hornicastr', Socade
Hornecastr' 1202 Ass, wapp'de Hornecastr' 1275 RH, soka de Horncastre 1316 FA, Libertas de
Horncastr' 1332 SR 135/16;The wapentake or soke is named from the manor of HORNnASTLE: Horne-
castre 1086 LiDB, Hornecastra 1130 P, Hornekastra 1153--69 DC, Hornecastr'
1158 P, Horncastre 1230 BM, Homecastle 1317 Ipm.
OE horn and ceaster 'the castle in the tongue of land'; v.
Ekwall StNPh II 35. On the relation between the soke and the
wapentake, v. Stenton op. cit. 44 f.
Kesteven.
Langoe wap.
On the Witham SE. of Lincoln, bordering in the west on Boothby
Graffoe wap and in the south on Flaxwell wap, including the pars of
Washingborough, Canwick, Heighington, Branston, Potter Hanworth, Nocton,
Dunston, Metheringham, Blankney, Scopwick, Kirkby Green, Martin, Tim
berland, Thorpe Tilney, Walcot, Billinghay and N. Kyme.
Langehou 1086 LiDB, Langeho 1130 P, Langhou c. 1155 DC,
1212 Fees, 1276 RH, 1316 FA, 1328 Pat, Langho 1166 P, 1185
Rot Dom, 1202 Ass, 1254 Norwich, Langeh01oap' 1168, Langhou-
wapentacum 1180, Langhou'apentacum 1185 P, Langhov 1200 SR
242/113, Langehowe 1285 FA, Langho1J'e 1323 Cl, 1327 SR 135/10.
- ON langr a.nd haugr 'long mound or hill'; cf. IPN 87.
Boothby Gra:lfoe wap.
Formed from the two wapentakes of Boothby and Graffoe; the former
consisted of the E. part of the modern wap, including the pars of Wadding
ton, Harmston, Coleby, Boothby Graffoe, Navenby, Skinnand, Wellingore
and Welboum; the latter included its western and larger part, on the Notts
border extending to Stapleford and Carlton le Moorland (inclusive) in We
south, bordering on Loveden wap.
Hobi Wap' 1166 P, Bobi u'ap' 1168, 1178 P, 1200 SR 242/113,
1202 Ass, 1212 Fees, Boby wapentak' 1219 Fees, 1276 RH, 1327
SR 135/10, wapentacum de Botheby 1285, 1316 FA.The wapentake is named from the viI. of BOOTHBY GRAFFOE, 8 m. S. of
Lincoln: Bodebi 1086 LiDB, Bodebeia 1094 France (copy), Bobi 1198 Cur,
1244 Fine, Bothebi 1202 Ass, Boby 1211-12 RBE, 1233 Cl, 1245 FF, 1288
Ipm, Botheby 1209-19 WellsR, 1257 Ch. - Cf. also BOOTHBY PAGNELL, on the
river Glen, 5 m. SE. of Grantham: Bodebi 1086 LiDB, before 1183 DC (p),
Boebi (p) 1147-66 (1409), Bodeby (p) c. 1150-60 (1409) Gilb, Boebia Hy2
DC, Bobi 1202 Cur, Boby 1203 Cur, 1238 Gross, Botheby 1274 Cl, 1304 Jpm;
- BOOTHBY in Welton (Candleshoe wap): Bodebi 1086 LiDB, ?Bothebi (p)
1170 P, Boebi 1212, Butheby 1242 Fees, Botheby 1276 RH, late 13th BM,
1431 FA; - and Bodebi 1086 LiDB, probably an extinct hamlet Cl or near
Thornton Curtis (near Barton upon Humber).
Bjorkman (NP 27) suggests that the first el. is OESc Bo pni
bu t the forms without a medial [Cl], on which this derivation is
rested, are merely spelling-variants, due to Norman scribes (cf.
IPN 109 ff.), of the original form in [0], which must accordingly
be chosen for a starting-point; the first el. may be OSw bop, Da
bod 'hut, shed' as suggested by Streatfeild; second el. ON byr
'village'.
Grafhoo 1166 P, Grafho 1167 P, 1219 Fees, 1223 WellsR,
Grafho-wap' 1175, 1180, 1193, Gralhohundredum 1195 P, Grafhov
1200 SR 242/113, Grafhow', Graffo 1202 Ass, Grafhou 1212, 1242Fees, 1276 RH, 1281 QW, 1345 Pat, Graffho 1245 Gross, Grapho
1254 Norwich, Graffhou 1265 Misc, 1285 FA, Grafhow 1275 RH,
1287 Ipm, Graffo11J 127'7 Grav, 1428 FA, Graffhowe 1327 SR
135/10, 1402 FA. - Probably from OE gr{jf 'grove' and hOh 'spur
of land'. Less likely to be connected with Sw gravhog, Da gravhfJj
(Streatfeild), as this seems to be a modern compound.
I
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Loveden wap.
On the Nottinghamshire border, S. of Boothby Graffoe wap, bordering
in the east on FlaxwelJ wap, from which it is divided by Ermine Street,
and in the south on Winnibriggs and Threo wap, including in the east
the pars of Leadenham, Fulbeck, Caythorpe, Normanton and Ancaster and
in the south those of Carlton Scroop, Marston, Foston and Long Bennington.
Lovedun(e) 1086 LiDB, Louendene 1130, Luuendon' 1166,
Louedonewap' 1168 P, Luuedon' 1170 P, 1227 Cl, Lodunewapen
tacum 1183, Louendon' 1185, Louendenwapentacum 1186, Louedon'
1193, Luvedun 1201 P, Louedun 1200 SR 242/113, Lovedon' 1202
Ass, 1242 Fees, Lovedon 1265 Mise, 1288 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1342 Pat,
1428 FA, 1585 D. - OE Lufa pn (Redin 51; also in lufan mere
BCS 21e.) and dun 'hill'. The name is taken from LOVEDEN HILL,
near Gelston.Loveden Hill, the traditional meeting-place of the wapentake, is in
Hough on the Hill par half a mile NW. of Gelston vi!. It is a conspicuous
hill with a commanding view of the surrounding country-side. A broad
grass road leads up to it from the village, and on its top, in the centre of
a large field, is a tumul us which has recently been excavated and found
to contain the remains of several burials. The finds may be assigned to
the half century of which A.D. 600 is the central year. For a full descrip
tion, v. C. W. Foster in Associated Societies' Reports vo!. 38 pp. 313 ff.
If Lufa was the name of one of the men buried in this tumulus that would
furnish a means of dating this PN a p p r o x i m a t e l ~ T , but it is impossible to
know with certainty.
Winnibriggs and Threo wap.
On the Leicestershire border, S. of Loveden, N. of Beltisloe and W. of
Aswardhurn and Aveland waps, containing in the east the pars of Wils
ford, Heydour, Braceby and Sapperton, and in the south those of Humby,
Boothby Pagnell, Gt Ponton, N. and S. Stoke, Easton and Wyville. Until re
cently, the wapentake consisted of the waps of Winnibriggs and Threo, the
former consisting of the western portion of the present wapentake, mainly
W. of Grantham, including Gt Gonnerby, Barrowby, Harlaxton and Gt and
Lt Ponton in the east.
Winegebrige, Winebruge 1086 LiDB, Winerbrugge 1167, Winer
brigewap' 1168, Winneurebrigewap' 1170, Wenebriggewap' 1175,Wimeresburcwapentacum (for Winier-?) 1183, Winierbrigewapen
tacum 1186, Winierebrigewapentacum 1188, Winieresbrigewapen
tacum 1191, Willebrigewapentacum, Winierebr' 1193, Winierbrigg'
1195 P, Winierebrigge 1200 SR 242/113, 1202 Ass, Winieuebrig'
1202 Ass, Wineirebrig' 1212, Winardebr' 1226-8, Wynerburg'
1242 Fees, Winesbrigg 1255 Pat, WJJnierbrig 1265 Mise, Wyneth-
brigg' 1275, Wym'brigg' 1276 RH, Wynyerbrig' 1281 Ass 486 m
5, Wymerbrigg . (for Wynier-?) 1287 Ipm, Winnebrigg 1316 FA,
Wynierbrigg' 1327 SR 135/10, Wynerdbryg 1402 FA. - First el.
perhaps OE Winegiir (-ga:r?) pn; if so, the second el. is most likely
OE brycg. If the second component of the pn was -ga:r, the
palatalisation of the -g- may have a parallel in the development
of OE Eadgfjp. - The wapentake is named 'from an insignificant
bridge over the Mowbeek(?) on the Harlaxton road, calledWinnibriggs'!
Trehos, Treos waft 1086 LiDB, Treho 1130 P, 1202 Ass,
Trihous Wap' 1166, T1'eiho 1168, Trihowap' 1169, 1180, Trehowap'
1170, Threhowap' 1171, Trahowapentacum 1185, T r e o w a p e n t a c ~ l m 1196 P, Trihou 1200 SR 242/113, TTehow' 1202 Ass, Trehou 1212
Fees, 1265 Mise, 1281 QW, Treou 1212, Threho 1226-8 Fees,
Threhow 1275 RH, wapp' de Trehowes 1281 QW, 1332 SR 135/15,
Trehous 1316 FA, Wappent' de ThTehowes 1327 SR 135/10, 1402 FA,
Threhows 1428 FA, Threhose 1535 VE, Thmhoe 1585 D. - - 'Three
mounds', from ON prir, OSw prir, pre and ON haugr 'mound'; cf.
FOREHoE Nf, below p. 78.
Flaxwell wap.E. of Loveden wap and Ermine Street, S. and W. of Langoe wap,
an d N. of Aswardhurn wap, including in the east the pars of Ilowston,
Digby, Dorrington and Ruskington, and in the south those of Anwick,
New Sleaford, Holdingham and S. Rauceby.
Flaxewelle, Laxewelle 1086 LiDB, Flaxwell' 1166 P, 1202 Ass,
1275 RH, 1327 SR 135/10, PZaxwelle 1168, 1176 P, 1185 Rot Dom,
1202 Ass, 1242 Fees, 1265 Mise, 1 ; ~ 3 2 SR 135/15, Flaxewellewap'
1175, Flaxwelle hundredum 1176, Flexwellewapentacum 1178,
1183, 1188, 1191, 1201 P, Flaxewell' 1200 SR 242/113, 1221
WellsR (-wll'), Fla:rweil1275 RH, 1316 FA. - OE fZ(px, flex, flea x
'flax' and wella ':;:pring'.
Aswardhurn wap.
S. of Flaxwell and Langoe waps, E. of Winnibriggs and Threo wap,
bordering on the Parts of Holland in the east, and on Aveland wap in the
south, where it includes the pars of Aunsby, Aswarby, Scredington an d Hel
pringham. Ingoldsby, locally in Beltisloe wap, is a detached part of this
wapentake.
1 B. Street (Curate of Grantham), Historical Notes on Grantham, p. 36.
I owe this reference to the courtesy of Professor StenIon.
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Aswafdetierne 1086 LiDB, Haswertherne 1130, Hasewardes-
thirne 1166, Oswardtirne 1168, Aswardehirnewap' 1175, Aswar-
deschirne 1176, Aswardeskirnewapentacum 1178, Aswardeskerne-
wapentacum 1185 P, Aswarehirne 1185 Rot Dom, Aswardethirne
1200 SR 242/113, 1212 Fees, ASf:10ardethirn', Asewardesthirne
1202 Ass, Hasewrtheshurn 1209-19 WellsR, Aswardhyrne 1265
Misc, 1332 SR 135/15, Asewardthyrne, Asewardthirn' 1275 RH,
Asewardhirn' 1275 RH, 1327 SR 135/10. - ON Asvaror, ODaAswarth, Osward pn and ON pyrnir 'thorn'; v. Lindkvist 175 f.,
IPN 87.1- The viI. of ASWARBY in the south-west of the wapen
take is no doubt named from the same man; cf. IPN I. c.; it is:
Wardebi 1086 LiDB, Aswardebi 1086 LiDB, Hy2 (14) Bardney
61d, Aswardbi 1212 Fees, Assewartheby c. 1219 WellsR, Aswarby
1242 Gross, Assewardeb' 1253 Cl, Aswardeby 1254 Norwich,
1263 Grav.2
Aveland wap.S. of Aswardhurn wap and E. of Winnibriggs and Threo wap, bordering
in the east on the Parts of Holland and in the south on Ness wap, extending
southwards as far as Bourne (inelusive).
Am;lunt 1086 LiDB, Auelun 1130, 1162, Auelundwapentac
1163, 1180, 1193, Hauelundwap' 1170, Auelund'wap' 1175 P,
Auelund' 1200 SR 242/113, 1226---8 Fees, Avelund 1202 Ass,
1212 Fees, 1240 Gross, 1254 Norwich, 1287 Ipm, 1316 FA,
Avalund' 1223 WellsR, Avelound 1276 RH, Auelound' 1327 SR
135/10, Avelond 1428 FA. - The wapentake is named from the
AVELAND, a moated site c. 1 m. W. of Aslackby village; cl. LiDB
p. XLVIII. It is said that, till about 150 years ago, the Sessions
opened there and were then adjourned to the market town of
Folkingham (kindly communicated by the Rev. Canon C. W.
Foster). - OSw, ODa Ave pn (Bugge), and ON lundr 'grove'.
1 The Pipe roll forms in -ch-, -k- are due to the substitution of -ch- for
-h- (-ch- might also be for -th-), and of -k- for -ch- in the process of copying
this entry from one roll on to another; the -k- was later also introduced
into entries relating to new pleas.
• The Rev. Canon C. W. Foster suggests that Aswardhurn may be
identical with Mount Plantation, a moated enclosure, 3 m. NE. of Aswarby,
which is referred to as: (super) ilium montem qui voeatur Pinghon (for -hou)
juxta Caldmarham c. 1150-uO Genealogist N.S. XVI 77, an d aeeordingly
an old meeting-place; cf. Lincoln Record Soc. vo!. 17 p. L; vo!. 19 p. LXI.
The same man no doubt gave name to the lost viI. of AVETHoRPE,
in Aslackby par, the site of which must have been near that of
the Aveland (cf. LiDB I. c.): Auetorp 1086 LiDB, 1202 Ass (p),
Hy3 BM, Auethorp' c. 1170 Genealogist N. S. XV 224, Auethorp
1212 Cur {p), 1264 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1363 Pat, Authorp 1316 Ipm,
1354, 1371 Pat, 1402 FA, Haugthorp' 1327, Hauthorp' 1332 SR
135/10, 15, Athorp 1359 Ipm.1
Beltisloe wap.
In the SW. part of the comity, S. of Winnibriggs and Threo wap, and
W. of Aveland and Ness waps, including in the east the pars of Lenton,
Keisby, Irnham, Edenham, Toft and Lound, Manthorpe, Witham on the
Hill, Careby I)-nd Aunby.
Belteslau 1086 LiDB, 1200 SR 242/113, 1212 Fees, Belteslau'e
1086 LiDB, 1202 Ass, 1240 Gross, 1275 RH, 1288 Ipm, 1360 Pat,
1428 FA, Belteslawewap' 1168, 1195, Belteslewap' 1170, Beltele-
wap' 1175, Belteslawawapentacu1n 1178, 1193, Belteslaw'hund-
redum 1181 P, Balteslawe 1185 Rot Dom, Beltislowe 1242 Fees,
Belthislowe 1265 ~ f i s c , Belteslauhe 1268 BM, Beltislawe 1277
Grav, Beliteslawe 1316 FA, Belteslowe 1327 SR 135/10. - T he
first eI. may be an OE pn "'Belt or the like; cf. Beltinge PNing 159.Second eI. OE hlaw 'hill, mound,.2
Ness wap.
The southernmost part of Kesteven on the Welland and the Northamp
tonshire border, including the pars of Carlby, Braeeborough, Wilsthorpe
and Thurlby in the north.
Nesse 1086 LiDB, 1185 Rot Dom, 1202 Ass, 1226-8 Fees,
1265 Mise, 1288 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1332 SR 135/15, 1402 FA, Neswap'
1168, 1189 P, Nes 1212, Ness 1219 Fees, le Nessee 1277 Mise.
- ON nes 'headland'. Streatfeild (p. 194) thinks the wapentake
was so named from projecting into the fen-land to the east; cl.
Nassaborough below p. 114.
Holland.
Skirbeck wap.The northern portion of the Parts of Holland, N. of the Witham.
1 The forms from BM, Ipm, FA and Pat are wrongly indexed under
Hawthorpe (in Irnham); for this name see above p. 51 note.
• The site of the place is unknown but in the 13th century the court
for the hundred was held at Corby (cf. RH I, f. 262 b.).
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In Domesday this wapentake is called Ulmerestig wap, named) from WOLMERSTY, a lost place in Wrangle par (v. LiDB p. LXXI):
Wu1meresti (p) 1185 P, Wlmeresti late 12th (14) Goxhill 142,
1206 Ass, Wolmeresti (p) 1200 Cur, 1202 Ass, W1maresti (p)
1202, Wlmerstig, W1mol'stig' 1206 Ass (p), Wu1mersti 1206 Ass (p),
1311 Pat, Wolrnal'esty 1225 FF , Wulmeresty 1242 FF, 1254 Cl,
Wu1mersty 1250 FF , 1276 RH, Wolmersty 1275 RH, 1329 Pat,
Walm'sty 1276 RH, Wolmaresti (p) 1282 AD IV; probably from
OE Wulfmer pn and stig; cf. Bjorkman NP 166 note 2. An OE
*wu1f-mere-stig 'wolf-pool path' is also possible.
Scirebech Wap' 1168, 1188 P, Schirebech wapentak' 1185 Rot
Dam, Schirbec lVapentac 1202 Ass, Wapentacum de Scirbec 1242
Fees, wap of Skirbeck 1265 Misc, Skirebek wapentak' 1275 RH,
Wapentach' de Skyrbeck' 1332 SR 135/14.
I
Th e wapentake is named from the viI. of SKIRBJ;:CK, SE. of Boston:
Schirebec 1086 LiDB, 1188 P (p), R I Cur, 1238 Gross, Scirebec 1086 LiDB,
1189 (1308) Ch, 1212 Fees, 1237 Cl, Scirbec late Hy2 DC (p), 1200 Cur, Skir
bek c. 1200 (1411) Gilb, Skirebec 1202 FF, Sirebec 1202 Ass, Skirbec 1210
FF, Skirebeck 1254 Norwich.
Most likely from ON skirr and bekkr 'clear stream'.
Kirton wap.
1 The part of Holland that lies between the Witham and the Welland,
including Gosberton, Surfleet and Fosdyke in the south.
Chirchetone wap 1086 LiDB, Cerchetone Wapentac 1130,
K'irketon' Wap' 116S P, Chircheton' Wapentak' 1185 Rot Dam,
Kierketon'wapentacum 1197 P, Kirketon' Wapentacum 1202 Ass,
Kirketun wapentacum 1212 Fees, wap of Kirketon 1265 Misc,
1275 RH, 1316 FA.
The wapentake is named from the viI. of KIRTON IN HOLLAND, 3 m. S. of
Boston: Chirchetune, Cherchetune 1086 LiDB, Kirketon' 1170 P, 1202 Ass,
1237 Cl, Kirketon' in Hoyland' 1 2 0 9 ~ 3 5 WellsR, Kirketon in Holand 1268
Pat.
Most likely a Scandinavianised form of an OE *cirictiln 'churCh
village'; cf. Kirkham PNLa 152; Peakirk Np IPN 66, PNNp 241;
PPN 34 f.
ElJoe wap.In the SE. part of the county on the Norfolk border, S. of the Wash
and E. of Kirton wap.
Elleho 1086 LiDB, 1168 P, 1202 Ass, E1neho 1158, E1no :159,
E1ho 1160, 1188 (-wapentacum), Hellowapentacum 1195 P, Hellov
1200 SR 242/113, Hellog', Hello 1202 Ass, Ellou 1212 Fees, 1275
RH, E1hou 1242 Fees, Hellohu 1265 "Mise, Ellowe 1266 Pat, 1316
FA, 1327 SR 135/14. - OE Ella pn and hOh 'spur of land'; cf.
Ekwall StNPh I I 35. The name is preserved in ELLOE Stone,
at a cross-road 3 m.W . of Holbeach, near the boundary of
Moulton and Whaplode pars; v. Lincolnshire Notes and Queriesvol. I pp. 141-4.
Norfolk.
Norfolk differs from the counties already dealt with in being originally
divided into hundreds, no t into wapentakes. There is no trace of the latter
division in th e East Anglian counties, though these also belonged to th e
Danelaw. The division found in the south of England was here adopted or
retained. There are no w 32 hundreds in Norfolk, all of which are mentioned
in Domesday. Two additional h u n ~ e d s are mentioned in Domesday, viz.
those of Docking and Winfarthing, for which see further below. The
hundred-boundaries are the same now as in 1086, with exception of the
boundaries of some of the hundreds of the north-western part of the county.
The hundreds are as a rule compact; they are comparatively small in
area in the east, but they grow in size towards the west and south-west,
in the parts adjoining the fen dist.rict. In the north and east of the county
the general arrangement is: one row of hundreds along the coast and one
on either side of the rivers Yare and Wensum, which form hundred-boun
daries for almost all their lengths. In the west there is no such general
arrangement, though the hundreds are partly divided by rivers and heath
land. - In a fragmentary survey dating from the middle of the eleventh
century 1 there appears a list of some other hundreds, which have not been
found in later sources. They are seven in number and are localised in th e
northern part of the present Freebridge-Marshland hd, and their extent was
consequently of a quite different order from that of the present Norfolk
hundreds. As they cannot be brought into line with the Domesday hundreds,
they are best mentioned here. They are: Elsington hundred, Spelhoge
hundred, In hundred, Fuwelege hundred, JErnehogo hundred, Clencware
hundred, Lynware hundred. The first two of these names are identified
by Dr Douglas with ISLINGTON' (Tilney cum Islington par) and SPELLOW
FIELDS (6"'; in the north part of Tilney All Saints par).' The last two are
1 Printed by D. C. Douglas, ER R 43, 381 ff. (The MS seems to date from
the 11th century),
• llsinghetuna, Ilsinghatuna 1086 DB, llsingtune 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury,
Ilsington 1196 FFP.
, Spelhohe 13 Lewes Cartulary f. 269 (kindly communicated by Dr O. K.
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clearly connected with CLENCIIWARTON and LYNN! The remaining three are
unidentified. Dr Douglas suggests that these hundreds are a Norfolk counterpart to the system of small hundreds found in Lincolnshire and in some
other counties of the northern Danelaw. It should be noted, however, that
these Norfolk hundreds have names different from those of the Lincoln
shire hundreds. These latter are invariably named from a vill in the hundred,
and many of them have Scandinavian names. Of the Norfolk names in
question, on the other hand, two are old names of districts, and one, Spel
hoge, is a typical name of a meeting-place. Fuwelege (probably OE fugol
'bird', and leah) and /Ernehogo (OE *earna-hOh, 'eagles' hill') may also benames of meeting-places. (In is more uncertain: OE 'inn 'dwelling, house'?).
- This in my opinion makes Dr Douglas's conclusion somewhat doubt
ful.2
Freebridge hll.A comparatively large district in the western part of the county, on
both sides of the Ouse. It is divided into Freebridge-Lynn and Freebridge
Marshland, the latter part including the district west of the Ouse extending
southwards as far as Emneth and Wiggenhall St Mary (inclusive), the for
mer that east of the Ouse bordering in the south on Clackclose hd, from
which it is divided by the river Nar, including in the east the pars of
Castle Acre, Gt an d Lt Massingham and Harpley bordering on Launditch
and Gallow hds, and in the north those of Anmer, Dersingham and Wolferton
bordering on Smithdon hd. In Domesday it is also made to include Snettisham, now in Smithdon hd. It counted as a hundred and a half.
Schram), Spellowe 1293, Spelhowe 1302, Spelhogh, Spelhouwe 1310 FF(p)
from OE *spell-hoh 'speech-hill'; cf. Spelhoe hd Np infra p. 122.
1 Ecleuuartuna 1086 DB, Clenchewarton' 1190 FFP, Clencwarton' 1205
Cur, Clenchwarton 1209 FF, Chlenswartone 1210-12 RBE, Clenchewardeton
1228 FF, Clenchewartun' 1236 Cl, which seems to be a compound of an OE
element *clenc, probably to be connected with ModE clench, clinch, OE
clencan (cf. Linscott PNDv 121), OE ware 'inhabitants' and tun. The
hundred-name was formed before the original meaning of Clencware had
been lost. LynU'are is formed in a similar way from the name of LYNN:
Lena, Lun 1086 DB, Lenn 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, Lynna 1103-6?, Linna
1136---45 BM (copies), Luna 1121 AC, Lenna 1167, Len 1177 P.
• Some other hundred-names of various kinds are mentioned now and
then in early sources: hundredum de Kaustun (Cawston) 1222 Pa t is identified with S. Erpingham hd, but the reason for the name is not clear. The
same applies to the hd of Plumpstede 1341 Ipm (= Blofield hd ?). The hd
of Walpol 1331 Ipm may be an instance of the term hundred applied to a
manorial court (cf. Intr. p. XX). Keteringehamhundredum 1193 P is pro
bably a scribal error for Keteringeham owing to the preceding Sud-,
Nordherpingehamhundredum.
IFredebrvge If ' et dim', H' et dim' de Fredrebruge, H' de Fridre-
bruge (1), Fredreburge 1 H' et dim' (1), H' et dim' de Fredrebruga
(1), Pridebruge 11' (1) 10R6 DB, Fridebriqge }wn' et dim' 1086
(c. 1180) lE, Fridebrygge Hundret 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury,
Fredebruge Hy I (1327) Pat, Fredebr'/mnd' 1156, Freoebr'hdr'
1160, 1166, Freoebrigehdr' et dim' 1168, Fredebriggehundredum
et dimidium 1183, Fredebregg'hundredurn 1195 P, Frethebrigg'
1199 Fees, 1206 Cur, 1208 Ass 558 m 2, Frethebrig' J Ass 55\)m 1, 1220 Fees (in hoc hundredo et dimidio), 121)8 Ass 569A m
32 (Hundr' et dimid'), Prethebrigge 1219 Fees, 1306 Ipm, Frethe-
brug 1244 Lib, Frethebruge. Frithebruf] 1250 Ass 562 m 24 f.,
Frethebrig 1265 Mise, Frethebrigg 1273 Ipm, 1316 FA, Hundr' et
dirnid' de Frethebregg' 1286 Ass 573 m Id, Frythbrugg 1295 Pat,
Frethbrigg 1302 FA, Frethebrugge 1306 Cl, Frethbrigg' 1332 SR
149/9, Frebrigge 1428 FA. - The first el. of the name may be
identical with that of FREEBY Le (Fredebi 1086 DB, Fredebia 1124
-9 LeS, Fretheby 1227 Ch, 1265 Pat, Fritheby 1322 Cl; cL perhaps
also FREETHoRPE.Nf: Infrietorp 1086 DB, Frethorp 1234 FF, 1286
Cl), which is supposed by Dr Smith (PNNR 50) to be ODa Frithi
pn; but English origin is also possible. In that case the most
likely connection would seem to be with OE fripu, freopu 'peace,
protection'; the meaning of such a compound offers difficulties,
but it may be suggested that the name refers tu a bridge put
under protection for the holding of the hundred-court. Connection
with OE fyrhp, fyrp 'frith, wood' is also possible theoretically.
but seems more doubtfu1. 2
Smithdon hd.
On the coast, E. of the Wash, N. of Freebridge hd and ,W. of Gallow
and Brothercross hds, including in the east the pars of Gt Bircham, Bircham Torts, Barwick, Stanhoe, Docking and Brancaster.
In 1086 the eastern part of Smithdon hd seems to have formed
a separate hundred called: Il ' de Dochinge, Dochinga, Dokinga,
Dechinga 1086 DB, which has not been found after Domesday.1 The second r is written above the d.
2 The last alternative might seem to gain support from the OCCurrence of
several FRITH Fields (6") in Tilney All Saints par, in the western part of
the hundred (del Frio 1170 P, Frid (p) 1197 FF, Frith' (p) 1199 Cur 1,1228 FF,
Fridh (p) 1200 FF , del Frith' 1205, in Frith' 1207 Cur, del Frith 1250 Ass
562 m 25), but the early forms of the two names do not agree, and it isprobably a mere coincidence.
5
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It is named from the village of DOCKING, for which see PNing 76.
- Smithdon hd is: S-metheduna, 11etheduna (1), S-mezeduna (1),
Smeteduna (1), Smethetuna (1) 1086 DB, Smethedune Hy I (1327)
Pat, Smeoedun'hdr' 1168, Smeoedenehdr' 1170, Smeoedon'hdr'
1172, 1177 P, Smethedon' 1208 Ass 558 m 1, 1220 Fees, Smededon'
J Ass 559 m 1, Smethedun' 1212 Fees, 1243 Cl, Smethedun 1265
Mise, Smethedon 1275 RH, 1320 Pat, Smeddune 1284 Ipm, Smedon
1295 Pat, Smethdone 1302 FA, Smethdon 1359 Pat, 1593 BM,Smythedon 1486 Ipm, Smythdon 1535 YE. - OE smede and dun
'smooth down'.The site of the place from which the hundred is named is lost; but to
judge from the entry: (Robertus de Monte Alto implacitat Robertum atte
Stone et XV alios per eo quod ceperunt wreccum maris) apud Smetheton,
Hecham et Hunstanston infra hundredum SUUln de Smetheton .. . 1318 Abbr,
it may be somewhere on the coast, near Heacham amI Hunstanton.
Brotbercross bd. Gallow hd.
These two hundreds are E. 'tIf Smithdon hd. Brothercross hd consists
of a small district on the coast, including the pars of Burnham Deepdale,
Burnham Norton, Burnham Overy, Burnham ThOrPe, Burnham Market, N.
and S. Creake an d Waterden. Gallow hd is S. of Brothercross and N.
Greenoe hds, extending eastwards as far as Fulmodeston and Stibbard
(inclusive) and southwards as far as Gt and Lt Ryburgh, Testerton, Pudding Norton, Toftrees and K, S. and W. Rainham (inclusive). In Domes
da y the joint area of the two hundreds was the same as now (Saxlingham,
now in Holt hd, seems to have been included in Gallow hd), but it was divi
ded between them in a different manner. Brothercross hd seems to have
included almost all the western part of the modern Gallow hd, the boundary
between them being for some distance the Wensum, whereas the .latter
hundred included the eastern part of the modern Brothercross hd, exten
ding northwards to the coast. In VHNf (ll 5) it is suggested that they were
so arranged 'to give each hundred a proportion of salt-marsh for it s sheep'.
The two hundreds are often mentioned together, and in 1373 Cl they are
treated as one hundred called the hd of Galowebrothyrcros.
Brodereros, Brodeseros, Brodeeros (1), Dros eros (1) 1086 DB,
Brodeerose (var. Brodrecrose Hamilton) 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Brode
eros 1130, 1230 (var. Brodereros), Brooereros 1168, 1185, Broder·
croshundredum 1190 P, Brod'ereseros 1199 Fees, Brothereros 1212,
1220 Fees, 1250 Ass 562 m 14d, 1265 Misc, 1295 Pat, 1347 Ipm,
1428 FA, Brotheeros' 1219 Fees, Brother Croz 1242 P, Brothere(s)
eros 1275 RH, Brothereors 1361 Pat. - First el. a pn correspon
ding to OSw Brodher, ODa Brother (Bjorkman NP 30, ZEN 27);
second el. ON kross 'cross'. The site of the cross is unknown.
GalgoD, Galhou, Gi1hov (1) 1086 DB, (;-a1ehohdr' 1158, Galho
hdr' 1168, 1196, Ga1eehhohdr' 1109 P, Galeho 1185 Rot Dom, 1219
Fees, 1250, 1282 Ass 562 m 14, 570 m 2d, Galehohundredum 1195,
Galewhohundredwn 11\:17 P, Ga1ehog' 1220 Fees, 1275 RH, Gale
hOll) 1235 Ass 1173 m 7d, 1295 Pat, 1428 FA, Galehowe 1265 Mise,
1302 FA, Galeghowe 1316 FA, Ga1hou 1319 Cl, Galhowe 1329
SR 149/7, Gallou'e 1394 Ch. - First el. OE g(e)alga or ON galgi
(OSw ga1ghe, ODa galie); second el. OE hoh or ON haugr, 'gallowshill'. The place has not been identified with certainty, bu t Blome
field 1 notes a place called Galehoges 1312-3 in 'Dunton field',
which he thinks may have given name to the hundred.
North ~ r e e n o e M.
On the coast, E. of Brothercross, N. 01 Gallow and W. 01 Holt hds, in
chIding in the east the pars of Stilfkey, Cockthorpe, Binham, Field Dalling
and Hindringham, and in the south those of Barney, Thursford, Gt Snoring,
Houghton St Gill'S and Egmere.
Grenehov, Grenehoga, Grenaho!la (1), Greneov (1) 1086 DB;,
Northgrenehohundredum 1183, Nordgrenehohundredum 1185, 1188
P, North Greneho 119tl Fees, Northgrenesho 1208 Ass 558 m 2,
Northgreneho 1212 Fees, 1257 Ass 568 m 28, 1337 Cl, Norgreneho
1226-8 Fees, Northgrenhou 1266 Pat, Northgrenehog' 1275 RH,
Northgrenehowe 1287 Ipm, 1302 FA, North Grenehowe 1316 FA,
Northgrenhoo 1352 Pat.2- ON gr(Enn, OSw gran and ON haugr
'green hill', v. IPN 87, but derivation from OE grene and hoh
'spur of land' seems also possible. North in distinction from S.
Grecnhoe below p. 74. - - The meeting-place of the hundred may
have been at Grel1ehowhyll (Wighton par) 1470 Binham Cartulary
f. 130b.3
Holt bd .
On the coast between N. Greenoe hd to the west, N. and S. ErPingham
hds to the east and Eynsford hd to the south, including in the east the pars
of Weybourne. Bodham, IJempstead and Edgefield and in the south those of
Briston, Melton Constable and Swanton Novers.
1 Francis Blomefield, History of Norfolk, 1805---9, vol. VII p. 2; Dun·
ton is in Brothercross hd in DB.
• The hundred was appurtenant to Wighton manor and is sometimes
called the hd of Wighton, as in 1223 Cl.
3 Kindly communicated by Dr O. K. Schram.
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H' de Holt 1086 DB, Ho hdr' 1163,' Holthdr' 1168, 1188, 1195
P, hundredum de Holt' 1201 Cur, Hundr' de Holt 1250 Ass 562
m 15d, 1261 Ipm, 1275 RH, 1304 Cl, 1346, 1428 FA, hundr' de
Haut 1275 RH, 1290 Mise.The hundred is namcd from the town of HOLT, near its ccntre, where
its meeting-place may have been': Halt 1086 DB, 1242 Fees, 1287 Ipm,
1316 Cl, Holte 1203 FF, IIout 1205 Cl, 1236? Fees, HouU 1254 Norwich, Holt
Market 1321 FF.
OE holt 'a wood'.
North antI South Erpingham hds.
E. of Halt and Eynsford hds. The former is on the coast, extending
southwards as far as Plumstead, Matlask, Aldborough, Thurgarton, Han
worth, Gunton, Suffield and Antingham (inclusive) and eastwards as far
as Trunch, Knapton and Mundesley (inclusive). The latter includes a di
strict S. of thes e parishes, round Aylsham, on the upper Bure, including
the pars of Heydon, Cawsto n, Hevingham, Rtratton Strawless, Buxton,
Hautbois, Lamas, Coltishall, Bclaugh, Scottow, Swanton Abbot, Skeyton,
Tuttington and the pars N. of these.
Erp'ingeham Nort(h) H', North- Norterpingeham H', Erpingaham
nort (Nord) H' , Erpinham North Hvndret (1), Erpincham nord
Hund' (2) 1086 DB, Nonlherpingehamhundrcdum 1193 P, Norther-
pingham 1212 Fees, 1265 Mise, 1302 FA, Northerpingeh' 1219Fees, Northerpingeham 1257 Ass 568 m 26, Northerpyneham 1302
FA. - Erpincham Svd 11', £rpincham s'vd H', Svderpincham,
Sud Herpincham, Erpingaham Svd, Erpingeham Suth', Sud Her-
pingeham 1086 DB, Suterpingehamhdr' 1168, Sudherpingeham-
hundredum 1188, 1193, Suderpingehamhundredum 1191 P, and
further forms corresponding to those of N. Erpingham.The hundreds are named from the village of ERPINGHAM, just S. of the
boundary-line that divides them: Erpingham 1044-7 (13) KCD 783 (spu
rious), Erpincham, llerpincham 1086 DB, Arpingeham (p) 1177 P, Herping-
ham 1185 Rot Dam, Erpingham 1200 Cur, 1210-12 RBE, 1242 Fees, 1234
Norwich, Erpingeham (p) 1201 FF, Arpyngham 1545 AD V.
1 The entry runs in full: Ricardus Vetulll XXIIII s. numero per breve
Regis in Sochemannis de Ho hdr'. It is copied on the roll of each followingyear at least up to 1242, but by a scribal error H6 hdr' became Hiidr' on
the roll for A.D. 1172, and on the roll for 1190 cum was substituted for de.
The identity is proved by an entry on the Rotuli de dominabus (1185), viz.:
Ricardus Vet[ule] .. . habet in hundredo de Halt XXIIII s. de redditu quos
pater suus habuit ex don0 Regis (Rot Darn 56).
• In 1203 FF there is a reference to a place caned Thinghou in Halt,
which may refer to the meeting-place of the hundred (kindly communicated
by Dr O. K. Schram).
The first eI. of the name is derived by Professor EkwalI from
a short form of OE names like EOl'p1Veald, Eorpwine (PNing 136;
cf. also IPN 172), Seco nd eI. OE Mim 'home',
'!'unstead hll.
A narrow, irregular district between N. and S. Erpingham hds on th e
west and Happing hd on the east, extending from the river Bure northwards
to the coast, bounded on the east by the river Ant.
hundreduTn de Tunstede 1044-7 (lB) Ke D 785 (spurious),
Ton(e)steda H', l'unesteda H' , H' Stunetada (1) 1086 DB, Tunste-
de hundred 1101-7 (13) BH, 1177 P, Tunstedahundredum 1193 P,
Hltndr' de TunstaZZ' J Ass 559 II I 1d, hundredum de Tunstede
1206 Cur, 1302 FA, !lundr' de Tunsted 1250 Ass 562 m 19d, 1316
FA, hd of Thunstede 1265 Mise, hundr' de Thunsted' 1268 Ass
569A m 20, hd of Tonstede 1295 Pat.
The hundred is named from the village of TUNsTEAD, 5 m. S. of N.
Walsham: Tunesteda 1086 DB, Tunstede 1185 Rot Dom, 1233 Cl, 1254 Nor
wich, 1272 Ipm, Tunsteda 1187 P, Tunsted 1199 FF, 1262 Pat, TOl1stude
1236 Fees, Tansted 1275 RH, Tonsted 1361 Cl !
OE tilnstede 'farmstead'.
Happing M.On the coast, E. of Tunstead hd and the river Ant and N. of W. Flegg
hd, from which it is separated by the Thurne R., called Hundred Stream in
its upper part. Between the Ant and the Thume the boundary is formed by
a Hundred Dike. On the north it includes the pars of E. TInston and
Walcolt.
Hapincha, Hapill,qa 1086 DB, Happinygehundred Stephen
(l3) Mon III 88, Hapinyeh' 1156, llappinyehdr' 1168, 1177 P,
Happing' 1168, 1195 P, 1212 Fees, 1268 Ass 569A m 27, 1275 RH,
1332 SR 149/9, Hundredum de Happinges 1185 Rot Dom, 1266
Pat, Hundredum de Happi'ges 1230 P, Happing 1265 Mise, 1302
Fine, hundr' de Happingges 1286 QW, lIappinge 1250 Ass 562
il l 27, Happyng 1302 FA. - OE *ha?ppingas derived by Professor
Ekwall (PNing 77) from a pn related to OHG Heppo, and probably
to OE gehcpp 'fit', The same person no doubt gave name to the
viI. of HAPPISHURCiH in this hundred: Hapesburc 1086 DB, Hapes-
1 Rye (Hundred Courts .. . in ::"orfolk. ::"orwich 1920, p. 33) thinks that
the meeting-place of this hundred was at the Hundred Hill on Bradfield
Common, but as the hill is 'on the very extreme boundary of Tunstead and
N. Erpingham hundreds', it is more likely to mark the boundary of the
hundred than its meeting-place.
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burg Hy I ~ l o n HI 330, Apesburga Stephen France, Hapebllre,
Happesburc 1208 Ass 558 rnlI, Happesburg 1229 Pat.
East and West Flegg bds.
The district S. of the river Thurne, E. andN. of the Bure. There is a
natural boundary between the two hundreds formed by the broads (Filby
Broad, Rollesby Broad, and Ormesby Broad) and marshland.
East (Est) H' de Flee, Easttlee Ht/nil ' 108G DB, Esttleggehdr'
1175 P, Fleg' 1212 Fees, Esttleg' 121\-) Fees, 1268 Ass 569A m 28,1275 RH, 1303 SR 149/1, Esttleg 1250 Ass 562 m 27d, 1265 Mise,
1302 FA, Esttlegg 1302 Fine, 1346 FA, Est Fleg 1310 Mise, 1428
FA, Esttlegg' 1329, 1332 SR 149/7, 9, Esttlege 1334 Fine, Esttlegge
1361 BM. - Flee rVest H', Flecwest H' 1086 DB, Westtleghund
redum 1183, 1193, hundredum de Westtleg 1195 P, and further
forms corresponding to those of E. Flegg. - The two hundreds
probabl y once formed a whole (see Intr. p. XLIII). In 1168 P they
ar e referred to as 1/ hd," de Fleg, and they form one deanery
(Deeanatus de Fleg 1254 Norwich).'Flegg' is also often added to PNs as: Stikisby Flech 1275 RH, Stokesby
in Fleg' 1319 Cl (Stokesby); Burg in Fleg 1286 FF, Burgh in Fleg 1305 FF,
1342 BM, 1378 AD IV, Burgh in Flegg 1307 Cl, 1369 FF, Borgh in Flek 1371
Pa t (Burgh SI, !lfargaret or Flegg Burgh: Flegburg 1232 FF); Ecles in Fleg1294 Cl (Eccles, Rapping hd); Castre in Fleg 1311 FF, 1323 AD IV (Caister);
111alteby in Fleg 1332 FF (Mautby); Reppes in Fleg.q' 1333 Inq aqd, Reppys
in Fleg 1448 FF (Repps); Heringby in Fleg 1362 Cl (Rerringby); Askeby in
Fleg 1379 FF (Ashby) etc. - Also in pns: Nicholas de Fleg 1172 P, Simon
de Fleeg' 1196 Cur, Henricus de Fleg 1199 Fees, de Flee (Fleg) 1200 Cur etc.
The name is probably identical with the word ftlegge (idem
quod segge) recorded in the Promptorium Parvulorum / here used
of marshy land Qvergrown with flags. 'I'his is no doubt to be
identified with ModDa theg, a name applied to various kinds of
water-plants, chiefly such with broad, sword-like leaves. - Dr
Schram would take the name to refer to the marsh on Flcgg Burgh
Common, S. of Burgh St. Margaret, which might have been the
meeting-place of the district, bu tI think it
ismore likely a nameapplied originally to the whole district. This seems to be suggested
by the numerous places that are said to be 'i n Flegg'. The district
is referred to in: (in) regione qU(E dieitur Flee 1014? (c. 1100)
MemStEdm. I f the reference to EGles in Fleg given above is
trustworthy, there would seem to have been a district so called
1 As kindly pointed out by Di' O. K. Schram.
outside Flegg hd. Cf. also: (locus qui vocatur) Fleggisdam 1303
Abbr (in Wroxham), Stephanus Atteffleg' de Wyrham (Wereham)
1323 Abbr.
WaJsham M.A narrow, straggling district between the Yare and the Bure, including
the par of Woodbastwick in the north-west an d in the west, bordering on
Blofield hd, the pars of Remblington, Beighton and Moulton St Mary.
H' Walessam, Walesham llund', Walesam H' (1), II' de Walassam (1) 1086 DB, Walesham/ulr' 1168, 1180 P, Walesham
1199, 1220 Fees, Hundr' de Walesham 1235 Ass 1173 m 7d, 1266
Pat, 1286 Ass 573 ID 49, Hundr' de Walsham 1275 RH, 1302 FA,
1313 Cl, 14:?8 FA.The hundred is named from the viI. of SOUTH W A L S H A ~ I , 3 m. NW. of
Acle: Suowalsham 1044-7 (13) KCD 785 (spurious), Walesam, Walessam,
Walsam, Walassam 1086 DB, Walesham 1086 DB, 114&.-9 (13) BH, 1166
RBE, 1203 Cur, 1250 Ass 562 m 20, Suthwalesham 1141-9 BH, 1227 Pat;
cl. also NORTH WALSHAM (Tunstead hd): Norowalsham 1044-7 KCD 785,
Walsam 1086 DB, Norwalesham 1169 P, 1199 FF, North Walesharn 1196 FF ,
1235 Ass 1173 m 7d, Norhwalesham 1213 Pat; and WALsIlAM-le-WILLoWS Sf:
Walesam, Walsam 1086 DB, Uualsham 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, Walesham
1166 RBE, 1236 Fees, Walesham' 1185 Rot Dom, Walsham 1254 Norwich,
1282 Cl.OE *Wales Mm from OE w(e)alh 'serf, foreigner, Briton'; or OE
W(e)alh pn (Redin 8), and OE Mm 'homestead'.
Blofield M.N. of the Yare, W. and S. of Walsham hd, extending from Norwich
City in the west to Freethorpe and Limpenhoe (inclusive) in the east.
Blate/da H', Blawetelle H' (1), Blastevda H' (1) 1086 DB,
Blatelde Hundret 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, Blatelda c. 1129-33
BM, Blateld hundr' 115t3, Bladteld' 1168, Bladteldhdr' 1189 P,
Blateld 1212 Fees, 1265 ::\lIisc, 1311 Fine, Blateld' 1220 Fees, Bla
teud 1254 Norwich (decanatus), 1275 RH, Blauteud 1275 RH,
Bloyfeld' 1286 Ass 573 m 40d, Blauteld 1302 Fine, Bloteld 1302
FA, 1330 Ipm, 1428 FA, Blonteld (for Blou-) 1303 Cl.The hundred is named from the viI. of BLoFIELD, or both are named
from the same 'field' probably the heath N. of Blofield: Blauuetelda, Bla-
telda 1086 DB, Bladteld Hy2 (1306) Mon IV 17, 1193 pep), Blateld 1199 FF,
1212 Fees, 1252 Ch, Blatteld,' 12iiO Fees, Bloteld 1286 FF, Blowfeild
1621 BM.
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The first el. is probably an OE "'<bla(W)l 'blue' (cf. OE blre
htEtl'cn 'light blue', bla;wen 'bluish'), cognate with OSax, OHG bliio,
ON bldr. Dr Schram s u g g e s t ~ that this ma y have reference to the
profusio n of scabious on Blofield Beat.h. The word is also assumed
to mean 'cold, exposed' (v. EPN s. v., PNDv 282 s. n. Blowden),
bu t thi::; seems uncertain. - The forms in Hlad·, Blat- are probably
due to anticipation of the d of teld. The derivation suggested by
Lindkvist p. 176 f. (ON bldr, OE teld) is unlikely on account of thehybrid formation involved. - CL also BLOFIELD Sf (Trimley St
.Mary par): Rloteud 1293, Blotelde 1433 Ipm, Bloteld 1459 BM.
Taverham Jul.
Between the Wensum and the Bure, W. and N. of Walsham and Blofield
hds, including in the north the pars of Horstead, Frettenham, Hainford,
Felthorpe and Attlebridge, bordering in the west on Eynsford hd and in
the north on S. Erpingham hd.
R' de Taverham, Tallresham, Taureham 1086 DB, Tauerhamhdr'
1168, (.ham-) 1193 P, 'l'averham 1212 Fees, 1265 Mise, 1302, 1428
FA, llundr' de Tauerham 12.00 As s 562 m 20d; Hundredum de
Thaverham 1219 Fees, 1268 As s 569A ID lld.
The hundred is named from T A v E R H A ~ I . a parish and seat, Gm . NW. of
Norwich on the Wensum: Tauerham, Tauresham 108B DB, Taverham Wm2(1806) Ch, 1199 FF, 1210" Cur (p), 1225 Pat, 1242 Fees, 1254 Norwich, 1292 Ch,
1814 AD II, 1319 Cl, 1il24 tpm, 1355 BM, Taucrham (p) 1168 P, Thaverham
1272 Ipm, 1291 Tax, 1321 Ipm.
The first el. is perhaps OE teator 'red lead, tiver' (on which
see Forster AB 34, 100 ff.); cf. Tceaterseeat KCD 721; and Fager
sten 230 s. n. Evershot. The place is N. of the river between two
marked bends, and the second el. is no doubt OE hamm: 'river
bend where red lead is found'?
Eynsforll bd.
Mainly N. of the Wensum and W. of Taverham and S. Erpingham hds.
To the south of the Wensum it includes the pars of Ringland, Morton on
th e Hill, Weston Longville, Lyng and Elsing. It is bounded on the west by
th e Wensum, which separates it from Launditch hd, and by Gallow hd.Enstord(a), En8tort, Enford (1) 1086 DB, Einesfordhdr' 1168,
1181, 1188, 1191, Einestorthll1lndredum 1180, Amesfordhundredum
(for Aines-) 1185, -iEinest07'd'hundredum 1186 P, Einetord' 1185
Rot Dom, 1199 Fees, Einestord' 1208 As s 558 ID 8, Eynestord'
1 Found according to NED in haui-blauum (Erfurt Gloss. 1152), glossing
blat(t)a, pigmentum.
1212 Fees, 1275 RIl, 1332 SR 149/9, Eynetord 1219 Fees, 1257
As s 568 m 21, Hy3 Ipm, Aynestord' 122fi.-8 Fees, Eynestord 1250
As s 562 m 17, 1288 Ipm, 1291) Pat, 1316 FA, 1373 Cl, 1428 FA,
Enetord 1260 Ipm. 1- Identical with E,'NsFoRD Kt (/Enestord,
./Einestord c. 960 BCS 1097 L, huther Wallenberg 289). First el.
probably a short form of OE pns in IEgen-; v. Ainsworth PNLa 53
(differently Wal1enberg 1. c.); second el. OE tord.
J,aunditch lId.
W. of the Wensum and Eynsford hd, S. of Gallow hd and E. of Free·
bridge hd, including in the south the pars of Gt and Lt Dunham, Gt and
Lt Fransham, Seaming, Gressenhall, Hoe and Swanton Morley bordering
on S. Greenhoe and Mitford hds.
Lawendic, Lauuendie, La17endie (1), T"a1l'edie (1) 1086 DB,
Lauuendiee 1086 (c. 1180) IE, LUltndie 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury,
Landiehllndr' (for -die-) 1156, Lawendiehdr' 1160, 1167, Lawen-
diehhdr' 1166, 1185, 1199, Lauwendirh 1168, Langediehdl" 1175.
Lagendiehhdr' 1176 P, Lawendich 1208 Ass 558 m Id , Lawendieh'
.J As s 559 m 1, 1212 Fees, Landieh' 1218 Cl, Lauendie 1230 P,
Landiz 1235 As s 117"3 m 6d, Lauendich 1250 Ass 562 m 1, Laundis
1257 As s 568 m 7d, Laundiz 1268 Ass 569A m 33, 1275 RH, 1293,
1305 Ipm, Laundieh' 1268 Ass 569A m 11, 1329 SR 149/7, Landizeh'
1275 RH, Landieh 1286 QW, Lallndich 1295 Pat, 1316 FA, Laundyz
1302 FA, 1332 SR 149/9, Laundych 1428 FA, Laundish 1151 Ipm,
Lawndieh 1593 B.M.- The hundred-name is the old name of the
Devil's Dyke (in Lawendieh and Diewude 1203 FF), in the western
boundary of LONGHAM par, 'where at the crossing of it by the Nor
wich road the hundred was anciently kept' (Blomefield, op. cit. IX
p. 456). Longham is: La Wingham 1086 DB, Lawingh' 1200 Cur,
Laningham (for Lau-) 1242 Fees, Langeharn 1250 Ass 562 m 1,
Laungham 12(i8 Ass 569A m 10, Lavyngham 1300 Ch. - The first
el. of the hundred·name is explained by Professor Ekwall (PNing
138) from OE *Liiwa pn, the first el. of Longham being derived
from the same name (*Uiwan die, "'<Liiwinga Mm).
1 According to Blomefield (op. cil. VIII 182, cf. also p. 248) the hundred
was 'so called from some ford over the riyer Eyn, which was (as is said)
at Repeham'. This is apparently the stream running E. of Reepham. Unless
it. is an antiquary's invention, the llame may furnish a clue to the site of the
ford.
74 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Kames 75
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South Greenhoe hd.The district round Swaffham, S. of Launditch hd and the Nar, including
in the west the pars of Narborough, Swaffham, Cockley Cley, Caldecote
and Oxboroagh bordering on Clackclose hd, in the south those of Foulden,
Didlington, Langford and Bodney bordering on Grimshoe hd, from which
it is partly separated by the river Wissey, and in the east those of Gt and
Lt Cressingham, N. and S. Pickenham, Houghton on the Hill, Holme Hale
and E. and W. Bradenham bordering on Wayland and Mitford hds.
Grenehov, Granahou (1), Greneho (1) 1086 DB, Greneshou(var. Grenehou Hamilton) 1086 (e. 1180) IE, Sudgrenho 1156,
Suthgrenehohdr' 1158, 1166, Suthgrenehogehdr' 1167, Sudgren
hohdr' 1168, Sudgrenehohundl'edum 1185 P, Sudgreneho 1197 P,
1226--8 Fees, 1268 Ass 569A m 13, Sud Greneho 1199 Fees,
Suthgreneho 1208 Ass 558 m ld , 1219 Fees, Sudgreneho 1218 Cl,
Suthgren(e)ho 1250 Ass 562 m 2d, 6d, Suthgrenehowe ib. m 7d,
1305 Ipm, Suthgrenehow 12'95 Pat, South Grenhowe 1346, Suth
Grenehogh 1428 FA; - v. N. Greenoe above p. 67. According
to B10mefield (op. cit. VI p. 1) it takes its name 'from the green
hills or tumuli lying by the London road to Swaffham, on
I
J the heath between (Cockley) Cley and North Pickenham', where
it used to meet 'even to the last century '" as appears from its
old rolls'.
Clackclose hd.Occupies the south-western corner of the county, on both sides of the
Ouse, S. of the Nar and Freebridge hd, W. of S. Greenhoe and Grimshoe
hds. Like the adjoining hd of Freebridge it counted as a hundred and a
half.
H' et dim' de Clache(s)losa, Clakeslosa 1086 DB, Clache(s)lose
hundr' et dim', Clachslose hundr', Lacheslose Hundr' et dim' 1086
(c. 1180) IE, Clakeclose Hundret 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, Clacc
lose hundredum et dimidium 1109-11 (c. 1350) Rams (Clacclose
c. 1109-15? BM), Clacheclosehundred et dimidium 1129 Rams
ChI'on, Claclosehundredum et dimidiurn 1130 (c. 1350) Rams
(Clachelosh. 1130? BM), Claccheslosehdr' 1158, Clacchelosehdr'1161, Clachelosehdr' 1167, Clakelosehdr' 1168, 1187 P, Clacklos
1189 BM, Clackleshundr' et dimid' 1200 Ch, Clakclos'(for Clake-?)
1200 Cur, Clakeslose 1208 Ass 558 m 1, Clakelose ib. m 2, 1226
-8 Fees, 1235 Ass 1173 m 6, 1265 Mise, 1286 Ass 573 m 69
(Hundr'm et dim' de), .1316 FA, Clakelos' 1212 Fees, Clakkelose
1250 Ass 562 m 21d. - Perhaps a compound of OSw Klakke,
ODa Klakki pn and OE hlose 'pig-sty', though clacces wadlond
744 (11) BCS 216 ' may point to the existence of a native name
*Clacc-. - According to the court-rolls of the hundred for A.D.
1294, its courts were then sometimes held at Clakhose (AuIt 155).
Blomefield says (op. eit. VII, 268) that the place, which he call.,
Clackclose-hill, was on the common at Stradsett.'
Grimshoelid.
In the south of the county, on the Little Ouse R., E. and 8. of Clack
close and S. Greenhoe hds. It is bounded on the north.by the Wissey and
on the east, where it inclulles the pars of Stanford, Sturston and Croxton,
by Way land and Shropham hds.
Grimes.hou 1086 DB, 1086 (c. 1180) lE , 1199 Fees, 1257 Ass
568 m 6, Greneshou (1) 1086 DB, Grimeshohdr' 1158 P, Grimesho
1212 Fees, 1250 Ass 562 m 4, Grimeshowe 1265 .Mise, 1275 RH,
1302 FA, 1328 Ipm, Grymeshowe 1268 Ass 569A m 3, 1302 FA,
1341 Cl, Gremmeshowe 1275 RH, Grimeshogh 1291 Mise, Grenehow
1295 Pat, Grymysho1De 1310 Ipm, Grymsew 1428 FA. Cf. Edw'
de Grimesh6 1166 P (Nf & Sf). - - ODa Grim (OSw Grimber, ON
Grimr) pn and ON haugr 'mound'.'
Guiltcross Ild.
In the south of the county on the Suffolk border, bounded on the north
by Shropham hd, from which it is divided by the river Thet. In the east
it includes the pars of Banham, Kenninghall and N. and S. Lopham, bor
dering on Diss hd. Between S. Lopham and Bressingham the boundary is
formed by a Hundred River (6").
Gildecros 1086 DB, 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, 1208 Ass 558
m 2d, 1212 Fees, 1243 Cl, 1250 Ass 562 m 3, 1275 RH, 1295 Pat,
1 On the identification of the places mentioned in this charter (E. Ox
fordshire) see Ekwall in Germanska namnstudier tillagnade Evald Liden,
Uppsala 1932, p. 51 note.
2 The hundred is also called hundredum pt dimidium infra Bichamdic,
e. g. Rams II 75; cf. also seo socne widinnen Bichamdic .. . ealle da men . ..
in dmt oder halfe hundred 1042-66 KCD 853. - Bichamdic is no doubt an
old name of the Devil's Dyke between Beechamwell (Bicham 1086 DB,
Bichham Welles 1212 Fees, Bichamwell 1230 FF) and Narborough, near the
eastern boundary of the hundred.
• Blomefield sa'jffl (op. cit. II 148) that the hundred met on a large
tumulus near a 'Danish encampment' (in reality a number of prehistoric
flint-mines) called Grime's Graves, 2 m. E. of ,'" eeting (marked on the OS,
also as Grimmers Graves on Bryant's large map of Norfolk, 1826). The
interrelation of the two names is somewhat uncertain.
•
76 O. S. Anderson 77he English Hundred·Names
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1302 FA, Gillecros 1086 DB, 1220 Fees, Gildecrose 1086 (c. 1180)
lE , Gillecroshdr' 1161, 1177, Gildecroshdr' 1168 P, Gillecros' 1199
Fees, Gyldecros 1257 Ass 568 m 16, 1286 QW, 1402 BM, Gyldcros
1265 Misc, 1284 rpm, 1402 FA, GUldecros 1428 FA, Guyldcrosse
1535 VE, Gyltcross 1586 D; cf. luo de Gillecrns 1166 P (Nf & Sf).
- Probably OSw Gilde, ODa Gildi pn and ON kross, 'cross'; cf.
perhaps: (in bosco qui vocatur) Gilderis (in Fornesete et Tacolffis
tun) 1275 RH (sec. el. ON hris?).
Shropham hd.
N. of Guiltcross hd and E. of Grimshoe hd. It is bounded on the north
by WayJand and Forehoe hds and on the east by Depwade hd. It includes
in the north the pars of Hockham, Hockland, Gt Ellingham and Attlebo
rough, and in the east those of Besthol'pe and Old and New Buckenham.
Serpeham H' (1), Scerpham H', H' Scerep(e)ham, Serepham
Hund' (1), H' de Screp(e)ham 1086 DB, Scereham hundr', Scere
peha' hund' 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Screpham Hundret 1087-98 (c.
1190) Bury, Shrephamhdr' 1158, Schrephamhdr' 1167, 1168, 1189,
Screphamhundredum 1177, 1199 P, Srepham 1199 Fees, 1208 Ass
558 m 10d, 1212 Fees, Scropham 1220 Fees, 1265 Misc, 1268 Ass
569A m 1, 1354 rpm, Hunred' de Sropham 1250 Ass 562 m 9d,
1275 RH, llundredum de Shl'opham 1257 Ass 568 m 10, 1288 lpm,
1316 FA, Shrepham 1303 Fine, 1332 SR 149/9, Schropham alias
Schl'epham 1303, Shroppeham 1350 lpm.
The hundred is named from SHROPHAM, a village near its centre, 4 m.
W. of Attleborough: Seer(e)pham 1086 DB, Serepeham 1154--69 Mon V 150
(copy), Schrepham (p) 1166 P; Srepham 1199 FF, Strepham (for Se-) 1208
Cur (p), 1252 Ch, Seropham 1242 Fees, 1252 Cl, 1254 Norwich, 1286 BM,
Shorpham 1283 Ipm, Shrepharn 1325 Cl.
The first el. of the name is no doubt to be connected with the
word-group including OE saepan and sceorpan 'scrape, scratch',
scearp 'sharp' and the like, v. further Torp 456, Holthausen s. v.
scearp. If the form [frep] which is well evidenced in early sources
should form the basis of the etymology, one might think of com
parison with Sw slcrap, Norw skrcp 'rubbish', but also 'dry twigs'etc, which are connected by Hellquist with this stem; but this
would leave the later o-forms unexplained. The only possibility
of explaining the o-forms as well, if they are phonologically
developed, would seem to be the assumption of an OE base sceorp
for the first eL, which might become ME *sherp and *sharp, and
with metathesis *shrerl and *shl'Op. This base would be formally
identieal with OE sceorp 'dress, apparel', which is also connected
with OE sceorpan and screpan by Torp and Holthausen; this word
ma y have had some earlier meaning which would admit of it s
being used in a PN. The metathesis that would have to be assumed
is perhaps not very convineing at first sight, but it may be pointed
out that the position of the r is very variable in the words be
longing to this group (cf. Torp 1. e.); some of the earliest forms·
may equally well represent [ferp) as [frep), and there is actuallysome evidence for the form [ferp) in Domesday. Cf. also Zach
risson SfMSp rx 133 f. - Seeond el. probably OE ham.
Waylantl M.
Consists of a district round \Vatton, N. of Shropham hd and E. of
Grimshoe and S. Greenhoe hds. It is bounded on the east, where it includes
the pars of Carbrooke, Scoulton and Lt EJlingham. by Mitford and
Forehoe hds.
Wanelvnd -t, Wenelvnt, Wainelvnd (1) 1086 DB, Wenelundhdr'
1168, 1170, Weinelundhundredum 1188, Weineslundhundredum
1190, Wainelundhundredum 119lJ P, Wainelund' 1199 Fees, Wain
lund 1208 Ass 558 m 3, Woinelund 1212, Woinlund' 1220, Wayn-
lund' 1226-8 Fees, Waynlund 1235 Ass 1173 m 6d, Waylund
1250 Ass 562 m 3d, 1265 Misc, 1275 RH, 1302 FA, 1329 SR 14917,
Weylund 1286 Ass 573 m 32d, 1332 SR 149/9, Weyland 1295 Pat,
Waylound 1310 Ipm,Waylund' 1382 SR 149/63. - The hundred
is named from WAYLAND 'VOOD, 1 m. SE. of Watton on the road
from Watton to Hockham. Blomefield says (op. cit. Il, 318) that
'the sheriff's turn . . . was always kept at a certain place in this
wood'. - The name is of Scandinavian origin, its second el. being
ON lundr 'grove', bu t no definite suggestion can be made as to
the etymology of the first el. Bugge's derivation (from ON vanir
'gods', cf. IPN 89) is not in accordance \vith .the regular form of
the name; the -eo, -0 - of early forms are AN spellings (op. ciL 113).
llitford bd.
N. of Wayland, E. of Lallnditch and S. of Eynsford hds, including the
pars of Shipdham and E. Dereham in the west, and those of E, Tuddenham,
MattishaJl, Thuxton, Hardingham, Southbllrgh and Woodrising in the east,
bordering on Forehoe hd. It ranked as a hundred and a half.
Mittefort H' et dim', Hvnd' et dim' de Mitteford -e -a 1086 DB,
Mideforde, Miteforde h ~ n d r ' et dim' 1086 (c. 1180) IE, Mithes
fordhdr' et dim' 1168, Mittesfordhdr' et dim' 1169, Mitford'hund-
I
78 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred·Names 79r
l'edu11l et dimidium 1183 P, hUlldredum et dimidium de Midford' the second el. being ON haugr. The first el. is derived by Professor
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1185, 1192 P, 1232 Cl, 1268 Ass 569A m Hi, Afuteford 1212 Fees,
hundredwn et dimidium de .Mitford' 1220 Fees, 1236 Cl, 1286 Ass
573 m 39d, 1332 SR 149/9, Middeford' 1224 Cl, Mitteford 1265
Misc, Mitefort 1268 Ass 569A m 2. - - Identical with MIDFOTID So
(Mitford 1001 (14) KCD 706, Mitteford 1375 Pat) an d MITFORD Nb,
which Professor Mawer explains as 'middle ford' (OE midde). A
better derivation is from OE (ge)my[Je 'junction of streams'; cf.
mypford BCS 756 (W), 802 (Berks). This suits Midford an d Mit
ford Nb, and is possible for Mitford Nf also, though nothing is
known about the site (it might be at the confluence of the Yare
and the Blackwater River).
}i'orehoe hd.
I
E. of Mitford hd, S. of Eynsford hd and the Wensum and N. of Shrop
ham hd, including in the south the pars of Ilingham, Deopham and MoTley
St Botolph and St Peter, and in the east, bordering on Depwade and
Humbleyard hds, the pars of Wymondham, Wramplingham, Marlingford,
Bawburgh, Bowthorpe and Costessey. Like the adjoining hd of Mitford it
counted as a hundred and a half.
I
Feorholl H' et dimidiwn 1086 DB, FeouerllOue Hundret 1087
-9 8 (c. 1190) Bury, Foerhohdr' 1158, FoU'erhohdr' 1166, 1'011,1'-hohdr' et dim' 1168, Fourhohdr' 1175 P, Foul'hou 1199 Fees,
Fouherho, Fuherho, Foherho 1208 Ass 558 m 1d, Foureho 1212
Fees, hundr' et dim' de Fourho 1214 Pat, 1230 P, FugerhoU'e 1219,
1'ourhog' (hundredo et dimidio) 1220, Forhou 1226-8 Fees, 1'owl'O
1235 Ass 1173 m 6, 1'011,1'0 1250 Ass 562 m 6, 1'ourho 1257 Ass
568 m 16d, 1428 FA, 1'orho 1265 Misc, Fourhowe 1275 RH, 1316
Ipm, Fowerhowe, Fauerhowe 1282 Ass 570 m 2d, Foreho 1283
Ipm. - The hundred met 1 at FOREHOE HILLS (6"; marked Tumuli),
S. of the road from Norwich to llingbam, "/2 m. W. of CARLETON
FOREHOE, which has its second name from the same hills: Carleton
forro 1263 FF, Karleton' Fourhowe 1268 Ass 569A m cId, Carleton
Fourehough (p) 13::11, Fourehowe Ca1'leton 1350 Pat, 1'ourho
Carleton 1371 FF, Carleton Fourhowe 1373 Pat, Carletonfourhowe
1375 Bodl, FOllrhowe Carleton 1385 FF ; cL also: Hubertus de
Fuerh6 1166 P & Sf). - - The name means 'the four tumuli',
1 Cf. Blomefield op. cit. Il, 374, 405.
Ekwall (lPN (8) from OSw {iurir, ODa fiura! or fyne, 'four'."
Hllmbleyard hll.
E. of Forehoe hd, bounded on the north by the river Yare, on the east
by the river Tas and on the south by Depwade hd, extending southwards
as far as Wreningham and Flordon (inclusive).
Humiliart, Humilgar (1), Hwniliat (1) 1086 DB, Humiliardhdr'
1158, 1161, 1185, 1193, Vmiliard' 1195 P, Humiliard' 1198 Fees,
1235 Ass 1173 m 8, Humelliard' 1199 Fees, Humiliard 1208 Ass
558 m 3, 1230 P, Humilliard' J Ass 559 m 1, Humelgard 1212,
Humeliard' 1220, Humilhard 1226-8 Fees, Humilierd 1254 Nor
wich, 1257 Cl, 1265 Misc, 1266 Pat, Humelyerd 1268 Ass 569A
m 38, 1302 Cl, 1341 Fine, Humilerd 1275 RH, Hummiliat 1282 Cl,
Humilyerd 1286 Ass 573 m 1, Hymylyerd 1295 Pat, Humeleyerd
1313 Cl, Homelierd 1340 Pat, Ilumlyerd 1342 Fine, Homelyerd
1357 Cl, Humbylyerd 1402 FA. - 'Hop-garden', from OE humele,
'hop-plant' 2 (BT Suppl), an unmutated form of OE hymele, for
which see further Hemlingford, below p. 138, and OE geard
'enclosure'. - HUMBLEYARD WOOD (1", lithogr. ed.), HUMBLE YARD
(Site of, 6") is marked a quarter of a mile SE. of Swardeston Hall,
at a foot-path near the boundary of Swardeston par. Here thehundred used to meet (B1omefield op. cit. V, p. 1).
Henstead M.
E. of Humbleyard hd and the river T as ·and S. of the Yare. On the
south, where it includes the pa r of Saxlingham Nethergate, it is bounded
by Depwade hd, and on the east by Loddon hd. It here includes the pars
of Rockland St Mary, Hellington, Bergh Apton and Brooke.
Heinestede -a, Hainesteda (1), Henesteda (1) 1086 DB,
Henestede -a 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Henstede 1087-98 (c. 1190)
Bury, 1230 P, 1250 Ass 562 m 12d, 1265 Mise, 1275 RH, 1302
FA, Hanstede c. 1160 (lB) BH, Henstedahdr' 1168, Henstedehdr'
1169, 1188, 1193, Haustedehundredum (for Han-) 1199 P, Hensted
1212 Fees, 1402 BM, Hemstede 1235 Ass 1173 ID 7d, 1257 Ass
568 ID 6,' Henestede 1275 RH, Hanestede 1295 Pat, Heynestede
1 Blomefield says that there were f 0 u r hil ls here, though this may,
of course, be his own conclusion from the name. Accordin g to Dr Schram,
the hills are not now distinguishable.
2 Others assume a meaning of 'bryony' or 'bind-weed' for this word;
see Holthausen s. Y. humele, and references there given.
810 O. S. Anderson
1373 Cl. - The etymology to some extent depends on the site
The English Hundred-Names
hdr' de Dize 1168 P, Hundr' de Dice 1197 FFP, Disce (dimidio
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of the meeting-place, which is lost. Dr Schram, however, kindly
suggests that the site may be in Upper Stoke (Stoke Holy Cross
par), one of the highest points in Norfolk, and that Modberge
« OE *gemot-beorg, 'hill of assembly') 1219 pp (in Stoke par)
refers to that place. If that is true, the name might be from OE
Man stede 'high place'. The diphthongs of the DB forms may be
due to AN influence, v. IPN 113.
Depwalle lId.
S. of Humbleyard and Henstead hds, on the upper Tas. It is bounded
on the west, where it includes the par of Carleton Rode, by Shropham hd,
on the south by Diss and Earsham hds, and on the east by Loddoll hd. In
the south it includes the pars of Tibenham, Aslacton, Moulton St Michael,
Wacton, Stratton St Mary, Hardwick an d Shelton, and in the east that of
Hempnall. On the south it is partly bounded by a Hundred Lane (between
Moulton and Tivetshall).
Depwade 1086 DB, 1168 P, 1250 Ass 562 m 8d, 1254 Norwich,
1275 RH, 1302 FA, 1313 lpm, 1428 FA, Depewade 1086 DB (1),
1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, 1235, 1268 Ass 1173 m 7, 569A m 5d,
1295 Pat, Diepauuade 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Diepwadahdr' 1158,
Deppewadehdr' 1169, Depewadehdl" 1175 P, Depwad' 1199 Fees,
1226 Cl, Diepwad' 1220 Fees, Depewat' 1230 P, Depwad 1265 Misc,Deppewade 1268 Ass 569A m 2, 1346 FA. Cf. Willelmus de DelJ-
wade 1166 P (Nf & Sf). - OE deop and w(Ed 'deep ford'.'
Diss lId.
On the Waveney, S. of Depwade hd, E. of Guiltcross hd and W. of
Earsham hd, including in the west the pa r of Fersfield, in the north the
pars of Winfarthing, Gissing and Tivetshall St. Margaret and in the east
those of Dickleburgh, Thelveton and Scole. Like Earsham hd it counted
as half a hundred.
Dice Dimid' Hund' 1086 DB,· Disee dimidium hundr' 1086 (c.
1180) lE, Dize dimidio Hundret 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, dim'
1 The site of the ford is lost, bu t Blomefield (op. cit. V 123) thinks that
the hundred may be so named from 'the Depe ford over the river by Taseburgh .. . the river Taiis being (in early days) very broad, and fordable in
no place in this hundred, but here only'(?)
• In Domesday there is also mention of a hundret de Wineferthinc
(f. 130 b). This is possibly arrother name for Diss hd. Diss hd is probably
so called from its belonging to the manor of Diss (cf. RH I f. 501 b: Dicunt
quod .. . Rex .. . feoffavit .. . Ricardum de Lucy de toto manerio de Disce
cum dimidio hundredi . .. ; the soke of Diss hd wa.s appurtenant to the manor
hundredo) 1220 Fees, Dimidium hundredum de Disce 1226--8
Fees, 1250 Ass 562 m 5, 1275 RH, 1329 SR 149/7, Dimid' Ilund
redwn de Dysse 1257 Ass 568 m 9d.Named from the town of DISS, in it s southern part near the vVaveney:
Dice 1086 DB, 1166 RBE, Dize 1158, Disze 1161 P, Disce 1162 P, 1196 FF,
1212 Fees, 1216 Pat, 1236 Cl, 1254 Norwich, Dysse 1291 Tax, Disse 1362 FF.
Doubtless from OE mc, as suggested by Professor Zachrisson
(AN Inll 22, Melanges . . . Vising 179 ff.); cf. also Dishforth PNNR184 and references, also the forms of Launditch supra p. 7B.
OE die has perhaps here, like G- Teich, MHG tich, the sense of
pond, not otherwise recorded in OE / the reference being to Diss
llfere, a large pond on the south side of the town, a suggestion
made already by BlomefieId (op. cit. I p. 1), cf. also Zaehrisson
I. c. 179, 181.
Earsham hll.
E. of Diss hd and S. of Depwade an d Loddon hds, including the pa r
of Earsham in the east. Like the adjoining hd of Diss it counted as half
a hundred. !Dim' H' Hersam 1086 DB, Hersham dimidium hU71dr' 1086 (c.
1180) IE, Earesham dimidio hundret 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury,
Ereshamhdr' 1168 P, DirnidiuJn hundredum de Eresham 1177 P,
1225 Pat, 1226--8 Fees, 1250 As s 562 m 10, 1286 Ass 573 m 1,
Dimidiurn hundredum de Erlharn 1198, Ersham' 1212 Fees, Heres
ham 1219 Fees, 1275 RH, dirnidiurn Hundl" de Ersh am 1235 Ass
1173 m 7, 1275 RH, 1286 Ass 573 ID 14, 1329 SR 149/7.The hundred is named from the village of EARSHAM in its NE. corner,
in the sharp bend of the Waveney to the west of Bungay: Hersam, Ersam
1086 DB, Hersham 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Eresham 1158 P, -ham 1190 P, 1254
Norwich, Ersham' 1199 Cur, Ersham 1212 Fees, 1254 Norwich, 1270 Ipm,
1290 Cl, 1307 Ipm, 1361 Pa.t, 1402 FA, 1551 PCC, Erlsham 1248 Cl, Erssham
(PJ 1350 Pat.'
of Diss in 1086: H. M. Cam EHR 47, 363). If so. Winfarthing may have been
the meeting-place of the hundred. Dr Schram kindly calls my attention to
the mention of a. field eaUed Thine in Winfarthing 1267 Misc, which ma y
be the actual spot.
1 Mdf (p. H) thinks this sense is found in an OE example.
• EARSHAM Sf (Wingfield par) probably takes the modern form of its
name from the mOre important Norfolk Earsham; it is: Esham 1254 Norwich,
1285 Ch, 1301 Pat, 1340 NI, 1358 Cl.
I6
I
83
\
O. [-;. Anderson82The English Hundred-Names
Knaverynge 1275 RH, 1286 Ass 573 m 21d, 1428 FA, Claveringe,
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I
l
I
If the modern pronunciation with (f] is genuine, the only
possible derivation would seem to be from OE cerse, erse, the
meaning of the name being 'stubble bend' (second e1. OE hamm).
But in spite of the early form in -ssh-, it seems to me more
probable that sand h belonged to different syllables. If this is
correct, the first e1. might be a pn (OE *Ear- postulated for
Eastbury Wo (pNWo 129 f.) mig ht be thought of), but the 1248
(Cl) form, if trustworthy, points to OE eorl 'earl' for the first e1.A further possibility might be OE ears 'podex', ME ers, but the
medial -e- of some early forms renders this less likely.
Loddon hd.S. of the Yare, E. of Henstead and Depwade hds, N. of Earsham hd
and the Waveney. On the east, where it includes the pars of Hardley, Lod·
don and Broome, it is bounded by Clavering hd.
Lothinga, Lothninga (passim), Lotninga, Lod(d)inga 1086 DB.
Lodinge 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Lodninge 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury,
1250 Ass 562 m 12, Lodningehdr' 1158, 1166, 1189, Lodlingeshdr'
1168, Loingehundredum 1181, Lodingehundredum 1190 P, Lod
ninges 1199, Loding' 1219, Lodding' 1226-8 Fees, Loddinges
1235 Ass 1173 m 7, Lodning' 1257 Ass 568 m 18d, Lodenynges,
Lodningges 1275 RH, Lodning 1302 Pat, Lodenyng 1333 Cl;
hundred' de Lodene 1275 RH, 1295 Pat, hundr' de Lodne 1286
QW, 1302, 1428 FA. _. OE *lodningas, probably 'the dwellers
on the river Loddon' (see below), cf. ERN 258. The old hundred
name was later ousted by the name of the town of LODDON: Lodne
1037 (14) Thorpe 566, 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, 1282 Cl, Lotna,
Lothna, Lodnam 1086 DB, Lodnes 1086 DB, 1166 RBE (p), 1204
Cur, 1242 Fees, Lodena 1194 P, Lodene 1270 Ipm, Lodden 1369
Fine; also: villata de Lodding 1250 Ass 562 m 12; very likely an
old name of the Chet (ERN 1. c.).
Clavering hd.
In the south-east corner of the county, N. and W. of the Waveney and
E. of Loddon hd, from which it is partly divided by the Che!.
Clavelinga, Cla'L'erinca (1), Claueringa (1), Glauelinga (1),
Gnaveringa (1), Gnaverinc (1), Gnaueringa (2) 1086 DB, Cnave
"ninge 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, Clavering' 1130, Cnaueringehdr'
1168 P, Crauering' 1185 Rot Dom, Cnauering'hundredum 1199 P,
Knavering 1212 Fees, 1265 Mise, 1304 Cl, Cnauring' J Ass 559
m 1d, Cna'L'ering' 1220 Fees, Cnaueringe 1250 Ass 562 m 5d,
Gla"vering', Guavering' (for Cn-), Knaveling' 128fi QW, Knaver
yngg 1295 Pat, 1302 FA, 1336 SR 238/111, Clavering 1302 Fine,
1333 Cl, Knaveryng 1311 Fine, 1316 FA, 1402 BM, 1535 VE,
Clm;eringe 1610 Speed. . - Assumed by Professor Ekwall (PNing
15) to be identical with CLAVEHlNG Ess (0£ Clrtfring), meaning
'clover field' or the like, perhaps denoting the meeting-place of
the hundred; the numerous forms in -n- are remarkable.
Suffolk.
Suffolk is now divided into twenty-one hundreds. At the time of the
Domesday survey the number was twenty-four. Four of these have been
combined with other hundreds since 1086, and one new hundred has
been fonned. Some of the hundreds are irregular in shape and broken up
in several parcels, but as a rule they consist of compact areas. The size
of the Suffolk hundreds on the whole varies more than is the case in N or
folk. They are generally smallest in the south and east and comparatively
large in the west and north. They may be said to be arranged in three
series, one along the north border of the county, one along the south
border and the coast, an d one central, the latter including the hds of
Thingoe, Thedwestry, Stow, Bosmere an d Claydon, Carlford, Loes and
Plomcsgate. In some cases hundreds are separated by rivers, but on the
whole no natural boundaries seem to exist. - In medieval times th e Suf
folk hundreds were divided into three groups according to tenure. The
soke over eight hundreds and a half, those forming the modern division
of West Suffolk, belonged to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds; the soke
over five hundreds and a half belonged to St JEtheldred's Abbey at Ely;
only the remaining ten hundreds belonged to the crown and were geld
able. Each of the two sokes formed a unit of jurisdiction and had a court of
its own: that for the franchise of Bury St Edmunds seems to have been
first held at the thing·place that gave name to Thingoe hd (q. v.).
(Later the court of the franchise was held at Cattishall Green, E. of
Bury St Edmunds (it is first mentioned in 1187: curia regis apud Catteshaleextra Sanctum JEdmundum Bury 187; in the 13th centmy the Suffolk
assizes were held at Ipswich and Cattishall), and after 1305 at Henhou:e
on Shirehouse Heath just N. of the town; cf. J. Gage, Thingoe Hundred,
London 1838, p. XI). - Th e franchise of Ely included the hds of Plomesgate, Wilford, Colneis, Carlford, Loes, the half hd of Parham (now merged
in Plomesgate hd) an d the modern hd of Thredling, all in the south-eastern
part of the county. The soke over five hundreds was granted to the abbey
by King Edgar in 970 (.. . causas seculares .. . quinque centuriatuum in
Uuichlauuan in provincia Orientalium Saxonum; .. . on east Englan ad
Wichlawan eac ealle pa socna ofer fit hundredum BCS 1266 f.). The grant,
then said to include five hundreds and a half, was confirmed by King
84 85. S. Anderson The EngliRh H u n d r e d · ~ a [ n e s
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- - - - -
Eadward (ad Wichelau quinque et dimidium centur iatum KCD 907).
Wichlaw, apparenlly the meeting-place of the franchise (in 1160 a grant
was made in .. . multorum presencia apud Wychelau Bury XLI), is lost,
but Mr. V. B. Rcdstone suggests that it may be identical with GALLOWS
HILL in IIacheston par, near Wickham Market. ThiR seems likely, for
it is sometimes associated with Ha(:heston, e. go. 1327 SR, where Johannes
de Wyckclowe is assessed under Hachetone. - One additional Suffolk hund
red is often mentioned in early sources, viz. the half hd of Exning; it is:
Dim. hundredum de Exninge 1199P,
Dimid' hundr' delxninghe
1240 Ass818 m 53, Dirnidiu' Hu'dr' de Exning' 1275 RH, Dimid' hundr' de Exningg'
1286 Ass 829 m 53, lxninge dimidium hundredum 1316 FA, Hundr' de l.rnygg
1340 NI, lxnyng haulff 111lndcred 1534 SR. It is now included in Lackford
hd. It seems to have included only the yill of Exning, bu t why exactly
it was regarded as a separate hundred is difficult to say. - A hd of Wykes,
Wyke is mentioned in 1229 Ch, 1230 Pat. It is identified with Wick near
Ipswich (Pat, Index), but for what reason does not appear.
Uutford and Lothingland hd.Formed in 1763 (A. Suckling, History and Antiquities of the County
of Suffolk, I p. 291) from the half hundreds of Lothingland and Mutford.
Lothingland hd embraced the Island of Lothingland, S. and E. of the
Waveney and N. of Oulton Broad and Lake Lathing, and Mutford hd the
district between Lothingland and B1ything hds, including the pars of
Barnby, Carlton Colville, Pakefield, K e ~ ; ; i n g l a n d , Gis]eham, Rushmere and
Mutford, bounded on the south by the Hundred River.
Lothingland hd has retained its Domesday name, but Mutfora
is a post"Domesday name for: Lwlinga, L1)dinga H' 1086 DB;
Lothingland hd is: Dim' H' de L v d i n g a ~ a n d a 1086 DB, dimidium
hundredum de Laingeland' 1185 P, dimidium hundredurn de Lu
dinglond' 1205 Cur, dimidium hundredum de Luthingeland 1212
Fees, Dimid' Hundr' de Ludillglond 1240 Ass 818 m 52, dimid'
hundr' de Luthingland 1275 RH, Dimidiurn hundrpdum de Luth
lingland 1316 FA, the half! hundred of Lathyngland 1524 SR;
the following examples seem to refer to the Island itself: pat land
at Luthinglond (LuCtillglond Thorpe 513) c. 950 (14) BCS 1008
(probably here), Loingeland' 1158, 1168, LuiHngeland 1197 P,
Ludingeland' 1199 Cur, Lllthingeland' 1205 Pat, Ludinglaund'1215, Ludingeland' 1230 Cl; it is also frequently referred to as
the manor of Lothingland, e. g.: mallerium de Lud'ingeland' 1203
Cur, malleria de Lud'ingeland' 1217, 1224, 1230 Cl, et passim.
Cr. PNing 74: the old name of ~ f u t f o r d hd as well as the first
which may be compared with Ludinga-Kerk NGN IV, 210, Lunia
bird « Ludinga-) ib. 1, 165, in Friesland. The etymology is
uncertain; if the OE form began in hl-, it may be a derivative of
a. pn *Hluua, connected with OE Hlud, OHG Hlad-, Hlud-.'
Mutford hd is: Mutlord' (dimidio hundredoj 1220 Fees, Dimid'
llundr' de Mutford 1240, 1286 Ass 818 m 48, 827 il l 1, 1316 FA,
Hundr' de Mutteford 1275 RH, dimid' hundr'm de Matlard' 1286
QW, Hundred de 111utlarde 1327, the halff hundred of Mutfard
1524 SR.
It is named from the manOr of MUTFORD, to which it was appurtenant
(cf. Ipm I 183, QW 732): Mutlord 1086 DB, 1157 P, 1198 FF , 1199 (1319)
wistoft 1445. Ch, may also be related, ef. PNing I. c., whereas. Lake Lothing
is perhaps most probably to be regarded as a back-formation.
1 I do not think Karlstrom's solution of the name (p. 118) is satis
factory. He considers Lothingland to be originally the name of a lost
place in B1undeston in Lothingland· hd, an .identifi{lation taken from the
index to the Curia Regis Rolls II p. 377. It is clear, however, that this
identification is based solely on conclusions from th e text, and its autho
rity is aecordingly not very great. The naUle of Lothingland is invariably
applied to the whole Island of Lothingland in medieval records, and I
do not think there is an y justification for the assumption of the existence
of a vill of Lothingland. The, sense of the instance from BCS 1008 should
not be pressed too closely. It occurs in the middle of a list of grants of
land at places that m i ~ h t be adequately described with the formula pat
lond at .. , and it is not to be expected that the scribe should have varied
the formula only in the case of Lothingland, even though the meaning
became slightly incorrect. The word manor can hardly in this case be
regarded as the equivalent of vill. It was doubtless used of the whole
district, just as for instance Wormelow hd He is often described as 'thefanor of Wormelow'. This is also clear from the account of the manor in
RH II 160 f. - Lothingland and Ludinga are two separate hundreds in DB,
Lothingland N. and LUdinga S. of Oulton Broad (= the modern hd of
M ut fo rd) - not different forms of the same name. The relation between
the two names may be the matter for some doubt, but it seems probable
that Lothingland may have been regarded as an outlying district belonging
to the (h)luOingas, perhaps a colony from out a settlement to the south of
Oulton Broad; or - more likely - it need be no name in -land at all, as
the forms may well be from OE (h)luilinga ealand, the island of the
(h)luaingas, as distinct from their mainland settlement. If that is correct
the 'Island' of the m ~ d e r n name is in reality a redundancy. - As regards
the ultimate etymology -of the first el., it can hardlr, be :connected with
Loddon Nf, as unhesitatingly assumed by Karlstriim, qecause _ apartcl. of Lothingland 1 derives from OE *luaingas or *hlurJingas, from the difference in the stem-vowel - Loddonhad OE medial -do; cf.
1ERN p. LXXII.
1 The name of Lowestoft: Lothu Wistott 1086 DB, Lothewistoft 1212
Fees, Lodell:ustoft 1229 Oh, Lowisthott, Lowithetolt 1254 Norwich, Lothu·
I
I
\
86 O. S. Anderson
Ch, 1204 Cl, 1212 Fees, 1228 FF, 1266 Pat, Mutford' 1204, 1237 Cl, Mutfurd'
The English Hundred-Xames 87
ford 1303 Pat, Waineford 1466 Suckling op. cit. I p. 143, Wayn-
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1212 Fees, Mudford' 1232 Cl, Muteford 1254 Norwich, Muthford, Mutford
1264 Ipm.
I
Derived by Skeat from OE mu/;a 'mouth of river', on the
strength of the form from the Tpm; this is an isolated form, ami
may well be simply a bad spelling, but even so, Skeat's derivation
is no doubt possible; it may be noted that two small streams join
about half a mile S. of the village. Other possibilities that might
I be taken into consideration are: OE *(ge)motford 'ford of assembly';
,
,Iif this etymology could be established it would be of interest as
showing that the hundred-name denotes an old meeting-place, but
it would involve the assumption that {j had become shortened
into u as early as Domesday, which is perhaps not admissible;
it should be noted, however, that OE 0 seems to have become u
early in some East Anglian dialects, at least after m; cf. mustp
< moste, mUllendai < rmJnandreg already G. Ex. (c. 1250); tuk,
forsuk, Bokenham (Jordan § 35 Anm. 2). - One might also think
of OE ""mud-, ME mudde, :ModE mud (cL NED s. v.) for the first
el.; in favour of this derivation the early spelling with -d- might
be quoted, but on the whole this seems less likely.'
Wangford bd.On the Waveney, W. of Mutford hd and N. of Blything hd, including
in the south the pars of Sotterley, Shadingfield, Redisham and the Elm"
hams.
Wanneford(a) , Waineforda, -rVenefor!, TVaneforda 1086 DB,
Weinforde 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, Weinef' 1170, lVineford'
(error for Weine-?) 1174, Waneslord'hdr' 1175, Wainesforohdr'
1176, Wainesfordhundredmn 1183, 1191, Weinesford' 1187, TVeine-
fordhundredum 1188 P, Wayneford' 1219, Wainford' 1235 Fees,
lflayneford 1240 Ass 818 m 48, 1254 Norwich, 1267 Misc, 1275
RH, 1292 Ipm, 1402 FA, WaJlnesford 1275 RH, 1286 Ass 827 il l 1,
1311 Fine, Wayncforde 1327 SR, Weynford 1335 Fine, Waynford
1357 Pat, 1524 SR, 1535 VE, TFangford 1516 BM, Wainford,
Warigford 1568 SR. - The hundred is named from a ford atWAINFORD Mills, 1 m. E. of Bungay, where the Stone Street crosses
the Waveney (Waineford' 1197 FFP, Wayneford E T BM, Wayn
1 There is a MUTFORD BRIDGE across Oulton Broad, 4 m. NE. of Mut
ford itself; it is Morefordbregge (for Mote-) 1421 HMC 9th Rep. p. 229a.
(kindly communicated by Mr_ V. B. Redstone), Mutford bridge 1577 Sax
ton, 1610 Speed. This most likely means 'the bridg e on the Mutford road'.
forth 1491 BM 1). - OE wmgn and ford 'ford where a cart may
pass' (Skeat for Wangford, Lackford hd).
Blything hd.A large district on the coast, S. of Wangford and Mutford hds on
both sides of the river Blyth. It is bounded by Hundred Rivers on the
north and the south where it borders on the franchise of Ely. In the west
it includes the pars of Chediston, Linstead Magna and Parva, Cratfield,
Ubbeston, Heveningham and Peasenhall, bordering on Hoxne hd.
Blidinga, Blidigga, Bledinga (1) 1086 DB, Blidinc 1086 (c.
1180) lE, Blithinge 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, 1265 Mise, 1316 FA,
Blidingehundr' 1130, 1159, 1.191, BliOingehdr' 1160, Blioinga 1168,
Blidinghuudredum 1179, Blideringeshundredum 1199 P, Blithing'
1212 Fees, 1275 RH, 1313 Cl, Blithinghe 1240 Ass 818 m 52, hd of
Blythynges 1315 Pat, Blythyngge 1327 SRi hds of Blythe (and
Wayneford)' 1363 Fi ne. - OE *bl'ioingas 'the dwellers beside the
Blythe' (Skeat); v. PNing 71, ERN 38.
Hoxne bd.W. of Blything hd, N. of Loes and Thredling hds in the liberty of
Ely, E. of Hartismere hd and S. of the Waveney. It includes in the west
the pars of Hoxne, Denham, Horham, Athelington, Southolt, an d Beding
field and in the south those of Monk Soham, Bedfield, Saxtead , Den
nington and Badingham. Kelsale par is a detached part of this hd.
In the earliest sources it is called: Bis(s)opes, Biscopes If ' ,
Ifvnd' de Biscopes 1086 DB, Biscopes hundred 1086 lE, 1087-98
Bury from the bishop of Thetford (afterwards Norwich), who
held it TRE. After Domesday the name was changed to Oxne
hundredum 1191, Ifoxnehundredum 1195 P, Bundr' de Ifoxne
1240 Ass 818 m 51, Ifundr'm de Ifoxene 1275 RH, etc., the name
being taken from the episcopal manor of HoxNE (Ifoxa manerium
episcopi 1080 DB), to which the hundred was appurtenant (cL:
Hoxn' with the hundred 1239 Lib).
Hartismere bd.
W. of Hoxne hd, from which it is partly divided by the river Dove,N. of Thredling, Bosmere and Claydon, and StQW hds. On the west it
borders on Blackbourn hd of the liberty of Bury St Edmunds. It is
bounded almost all the way round by Hundred Lanes. Five are marked
on the 6" OS map. There is a Hundred Lane in the SW. boundary of
1 Waineford' 1208 Cur, which is referred to Wangford, Blything hd,
probably also belongs here.
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,
90 o. S. Anderson
from this hundred, that may be where the hundred takes its name
The English Hundred-Names 91
Earl Soham, Cretingham, Monewden and Charsfield, but with a, narrow
strip extending southwards consisting of the pars of Hacheston, Marles
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from.
Plomesgate bll.On the coast in the east of the county, S. of Blything hd, from which
it is partly divided by a Hundred River, on both sides of the river AIdE',
including in the west the pars of Bruisyard, Cransford, Parham, Gt and
Lt Glemham, Blaxhall and Tunstall, bordering on Hoxne and Loes hds,
and in the south those of Wantisden, Chillesford and Gedgrave, bordering
on Loes and Wilford hds, partly along the Butley River.In Domesday part of the modern hundred including Parham,
Blaxhall, Tunstall, Wantisden, Beversham (cf. VHSf I, 575n.)
and an unidentified Br-utge, is treated as a separate hundred, the
half hundred of PARHMf: Pen-eham Dim' H' 1086 DB, Per-eham
dimium hundr 1086 lE , named from the village of PARHAM on
the river Ore, 2 m. SE. of Framlingham: Perreham 1086 DB,
Perham 1086 DB, 1204 Ch, 1208, 1221 FF, Pereham, Parham
1206 Cur, from OE *peru-harmn, d. PNSx 152. - This hundred
was later merged in that of Plomesgate, which, seemingly in
I consequence, is sometimes referred to as a hundred and a half
in the thirteenth century. I t is: Plvmesgata, Plvmesgate, Plvsmes
gata, pz,vmestgata, Plrmgata 1086 DB, Plum(m)esgete (var.
Plumesiete Hamilton) 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Hundr' de Plummesgate. . . hundr' et dimid' (18 jurors) 1240 Ass 818 m 49, Plimgate,
Plumesgate 1242 P, Plumesgate 1250 Ass 819 m 13, 1254 Norwich,
1265 n-Iisc, 1275 RH, Hundr' et Dimid' de Plumesgate 1286 Ass
827 m 1d, 829 m 49d, 53d, Hundr' de Plumgate 1286 Ass 829 m
50d, Plumbisgate 1287 Ipm, Plomisgate 1316 FA, Plomesgate 1327
SR. - The first el. of the name is probably to be associated with
OE plUme 'plum-tree'. I t can hardly be that word itself (cf. Skeat),
but is probably a derivative of or compound with plUme, though
no definite suggestion seems possible; if this is true, the second
el. is from OE geat 'gate'. - According to information kindly
supplied by Mr. V. B. Redstone, PLOMESGATE Mill is mentioned in
a deed of c. 1770 belonging to Mill House, now Rose Hill House(87 B 8) in Farnham. Here the hundred-court was probably held,
an d the exact spot may be the slight hill on which Rose Hill
House stands, where two roads meet.
IJoes bd.
W. of Plomesgate hd, S. of Hoxne hd and N. of Wilford and Carlford
hds, mainly S. W. of Framlingham, ineluding in the west the pars of
ford, Campsey Ash, Rendlesham and Eyke. Butley, Woodbridge and
Renton also belonged to this hundred.
Losa 1086 DB, 1086 (c. 1180) lE , 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury,
Lose 1086 (c. 1180) lE , 1135---9 France, 1185 Rot Dam, 1226-
8 Fees, 1235 Ass 1173 m 7, 1242 P, 1250 Ass 819 m 13, 1275 RH,
1307 Ipm, 1327 SR, Loose 1371 SR 180/28, 1462 Ipm, 1523 SR.
- OEhlose
'pig-sty' (v. PNLa 12 f.). Cf.LOOSE HALL
ill Hitcham(Cosford hd): Losam 1086 DB, Losa c. 1110 Mon VI 174, Lose
1207 Cur, 1286 AD I, Lose by Hetham 1288 Ipm, la Lose in
Hecham 13, Losse 1296 AD I. The meeting-place of the hundred
is unknown.
Thredling hd is a small district W. of Loes hd including the pars of
Debenham, Ashfield, Framsden, Pettaugh and Winstoll. In Domesday it
was included in Claydon hd, of which it formed a third. It is called
Trelling' de Claidon' (i. e. the third part of Claydon hd) in 1168 P, and
Tertia pars de Trillingehundredo in 1188 P, the rest of Claydon hundred
being referred to as Cleidon'. In his duabus partibus hundredi .. in 1220
- Fees. Cf. also: Hundr' de thredling que est tercia pars hundredi'de Cley
don' 1240 Ass 818 il l 48. The hundred belonged to the liberty of the mo
nastery of Ely, and Thredling is often mentioned together with the other
five hundreds and a half belonging to the liberty, e. g.: in quinque centuriatibus et dimidio de Wichelare.. et in trilinguo de Winestune 1 12
Lib El 169; in V hundredis et dimidio et Thredling' Sancte Atheldr' 1220
Fees; intra quinque h2mdr' et dimid' de Wichelawe et de triling' de Wyne-
stan' 1224 Cl et passim. The reason why it was made into a separate
hundred may be that as it belonged to the franchise of the Abbey of Ely
it was not under the same jurisdiction as' the rest of Claydon hd. Later
it is sometimes referred to as a half-hundred, probably on account of its
small size, its origin being then forgotten, e. g.: di' hundr' de Tedlyng'
1275 RH, Dimid' hundr' de Thryldhyngg' 1286 Ass 829 m 73d. - The name
means 'third part', from OE. *pridling, cf. PNillg 26.
CarlCord hI].
E. of Bosmere and c!aydon hd, W. of Wilford hd, from which it is partly
separated by the Deben, and N. of Collleis hd, inclUding in the west the
pars of OtIey, Witnesham, Tuddenham and R I ~ s h m e r e St Andrew, in theeast those of Clop ton, Burgh, Hasketon and Martlesham, and in' the south
AlnesbouTll Priory, Purdis Farm, Foxhall, Brightwell, Newbourn and
Waldringfield.
1 Winston; apparently ill some wa y the centre of the hundred, per
haps its meeting-place.
92 O. S. Anderson
Carleford(a), CaTlaforda, Calleforda 1086 DB, Karleforde -a,
93he English Hundred·Names
Middlcton, Wileford 1227 Pat, lVilletord (p) c. 1240 l\fiddleton,
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Carleforda, Caresforda 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Carlesforde 1087-98
(c. 1190) Bury, {{arleford' 1185 Rot Dom, 1250 Ass 819 m 13,
Carleford c. 1205 BM, 1260 Ipm, 1265 Mise, 1316 FA, Karleford
1235, 1240 Ass H73 m 7, 818 m 56d, 1254 Norwich, 1275 RH,
Carlesford 1275 RH, Carleforde 1R27 SR. .- The hundred is named
from a ford, still known as CARLFORD locally, across a small stream
in Hasketon par, about a mile W. of Hasketon village.1 - Domes
day mentions a place called Kalletuna in this hundred; the same
place is referred to as Carletun.a 1086 (c. 1180) lE. In the SR
for 1327 Johannes de Carleforde and Gilbertus de Carleton are
both assessed under Hasketon. If this Carleton refers to the same
place as the Domesday name, it was no doubt near Carlford, and
the two names may derive from the same person; if so, the first
eL may be ON KarU, OESc Karle-pn (Bjorkinan NP 77 f.); second
elements OE ford and tun 'farm'.. Cf. also Keysford PNSx 342.
I f CarIford should be taken alone, on the other hand, the original
form may be OE *ceorlaford, which may mean 'ford where the
freemen of the hundred meet'; this is the more interesting deriva
tion, and should perhaps be givcn the preference.
Wilford IIIJ.
On the coast, S. of Plomesgate and Loes hds, mainly E. of the Deben.
To the west of the Deben it includes the pars of Melton, Ufford, Pettistree,
Wickham Market, Dallinghoo, Bredfield, Boulge and Debach.
Wileford(a) , Wilesfordn, Wile fort 1086 DB, Uuilleforda, lVille
forde 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Wilefordhdr' 1158 P, Wyleford 1240 As s
818 m 49, 1254 Norwich, 1275 RH, 1286 Ass 827 m ld , 1308 Ipm,
1316 FA, 1327 SR, Wileford' 1242 P, Wileford 1265 Mise, Wille
ford 1275 RH, 1346 FA, Wilford 1346 l"A. - Domesday mentions
a place called Wileford(a) in this hundred, also referred to as
Wileford c. 1150 Crawf. This must have been at WJLFORD BRIDGE
(Old 1" OS) over the Deben, 1. m. NE. of Woodbridge, from
which the hundred is also named. - Thc name should be compared
with WJLFORD Nt (Wilesforde 1086 DB, Wileford' (p) c. 1190
1 I <lm indebted to Mr. V. B. Redstone for this information. The
place is often mentioned in the court-rolls of the manor of Hasketon, of
which Mr. Redstone kindly showed me transcripts, e. g. under the year
1580-1, and the bridge now replacing the ford seems then to have been
of a certain importance.
Wylford' 1259 Cl). l\futschmann suggests OE Wila pn for the
first eL, but this is unlikely in view of the same PN occurring
twice. :More likely the first el. is OE *uJilig, welig 'willow'.1
Colneis hd.
The southern part of the peninsula forined by the Deben and the
Orwell extending northwards as far as Nacton, Bucklesham and Hemley
(inclusive).Colenesse, Colenes(e), Colones(s)e 1086 DB, Colnesse -a 1086
(c. 1180) lE , Colenese 1158-62 (1331) Ch. Colenexe 1185 Rot
Dom, Colnes' 1204 Ch, 1250 Ass 819 m 14, Colnese 1235 Ass
1173 m 7d, Colneyse 1240 Ass 818 m 50, 1242 P, 1254 Norwich,
1265 :Mise, '1275 RH, 1286 Ass 829 m 46, 1327 SR, 1402 FA, Colnes
1524 SR, 1601 BodL - Perhaps from ON Koli pn (Bjorkman NP
84) and ON nes 'headland'. The forms in -el/se may be due to
Norman influence; cf. Furness PNLa 200, Totnes PND" 3il4.In the court-rolls of Walton manor,' s. a. 1394-5 there is reference to
a place called Colneyslond, apparently in the SE. corner of the peninsula.
In the report of the commissioners for inspecting the sea-coast of Essex
in 1539 the following passage occurs': 'There is between that h(aven' and)
Colnes being on the Suffolk syde a point called Lan(ger Point") .. .'. In
1322 an order was issued for one ship to he found for the army of Scot
land by the towns of Gusion, WaletrJ"n, Filthusto11Je' and Colneyse (Cl 4(3).
From these references it seems clear that the headland from wbich the
hundred is named was E. of Felixstowe in the soutb-east part of the pen
insula. Its character cannot now be determined, as the coast-line is here
very different from what it was a thousand years ago owing to the en
croachments of the sea. fBabergh hd.
A comparatively large district in the south of the county on the Stour.
W. of Samford and Cosford hds, including in the east the pars of Stoke by
Nayland, Polstead, Boxford, Groton, Monks Eleigh and Preston, in the
1 Professor Zachrisson (StNPh II 56 f.) assumes a river-name *Wili, a
lost name of the Deben, as the first el. of the name, but I do not think this
convincing.• From transcripts in the possession of Mr. V. B. Redstone. I am also
indebted to him for the following particulars.
• Printed in J. H. Leslie: History of Landguard Fort in Suffolk,
London 1898,. p. 4.
• i. e. Orwell Haven.
" Landguard Point.
S Felixstowe.
1
9495
-rI The English Hundred-Names
O. S. Anderson
north, bordering on Thedwestry and Thingoe hds, those of Cockfield, an old name of the Bret, derived from the British word for 'reed,
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I
Lawshall and Butest, and in the west, bordering on Risbridge hd, those of
Somerton, Boxted and Cavendish. It ranked as a double hundred. Like
the following hundreds it belonged to the franchise of Bury St Edmunds.
Babenberga duo hund', B.binberfjlJ, duo W, Banberca dvo H' (1),
Baberga dro H' 1086 DB, Babenfjbei (Babengb'ei Hamilton) hundr'
1086 (c. 1180) lE , (in) Basbenberge duobus hundretis 1087-98
(c. 1190) Bury, Babbenbergahdr' 1166, 11 hundr' Babenberga 1168,
Babinbergehclr' 1170 P, Babenberg' 1182 Samson f. 101d, (de)Jl hundredis de Babenberga 1189, 1193, Babbingebergahundredum
1193 P, Babbeberg' 12]9, (in) duobus hundredis de Badberee 1220
Fees, Babbergh' 1226--8 Fees, 1275 RH, Babberghe 1240 Ass
818 m 54, Babenb' 1250 Ass 819 m 2d, Badberewe 1275 RH,
Babberge 1316 FA, 1327 SR, Badbere 1346 FA, Babberwe 1355
lpm, Babber 1535 VE. - - The hundred meeting-place was no
doubt on BABERGH HEATH (Balberg' (sic) heath 1304 AD n 532,
Balberte 1311 AD Ill, Barbary Heath Old 1" OS map) between
Acton, Chilton and Gt Waldingfield, from which it takes its name.
(Babergh Hall and Place and Babergh Heath Fm (6") are on the
modern map, c. 1 m. W. of Gt Waldingfield.) - From OE Babba
pn (Redin 83) and be(o)rg 'mound' (cf. Barrow Hill in Aeton?).Cf. BAYTHORN Ess, C. 10 m. to the west: Babbingperne c. 958 (14)
BCS 1012; further Karlstrom 125.
Cosford bd.W. of Samford hd, N. and E. of Babergh hd on the river Bret, includ
ing in the north, bordering on Thedwestry hd, the pars of Hitcham,
Brettenham and Thorpe Morieux. It counted as a half-hundred.
Dim' H' de Costort, Costorda; Corstorde Dim' h', Dim' H' de
Crostort 1086 DB, Corsforda, Crostorda dimidium hundr' 1086
(c. 1180) IE, (in) dimidio hundredo de Corstorde 1087-98 (e.
1190), Costord 1148---56 (14) Bury, Corestorde hundr' 1182
Samson f. 101, Cosfordhundredurn 1191, dim. hundredum de
Costeld 1195 P, Costord' 1219, dimidium hundredum de Corstord'
1220 Fees, de Corstord 1210 Ass 818 m 55, 1265 Mise (half hd of),1275 RH, 1286 Ass 829 m 33, Corstorde 1327 SR, Costord 1346
FA. - The hundred is named from a ford over the Bret at COSFORD
BRIDGE (6"), 1 1/ 2 m. NW. of Hadleigh: Corstorde 1087-98 (c.
1190) Bury, Cost' 1205, Corstord' 1206 Cur, (eheminum quod
tendit versus) Corstord Hy3 Mon VI 592, Corstord (Mill) 13 AD
Il 209, Costord 1340 Ch, 1398 BM. - The fi rs t el. is very likely
bog' found in W COl'S; v. ERN 95. Second el. OE ford.
Risbridge Illl.In the SW. corner of the county, W. of Babergh and Thingoe hds,
including in the north the pars of Moulton, Kentford, Gazeley and Hig
ham and in the east those of Denham, Ousden, Depden, Chedbnrgh, Haw
ked on, Poslingford and Clare.
Risebruge 1086 DB, Risebrigge 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, 1240
Ass 818 m 54d, Risebrigehundredum 1188, Risebriggehdr' 1189 P,
Risebreg' 1219, Risebrug' 1220 Fees, Rysebreg 1265 ~ i i s c , Rise-
bregg' 1275 RH, Risebreg 1280 Pinchbeck I I 273, Rissebrig, Rese-
breg 1287 Ipm, Rysebrege 1316 FA, Rysebregge 1327 SR Risshe-
breg' 137-1 SR 180/28. - In the NE. corner of Barnardiston par,
there is a small district (measuring 129 acres), according to
Bartholomew 'an uninhabited parish', called MONKS R1SBRIDGE
(marked on the 6", 1" (not popular ed.) and OS Index maps).
Very likely the hundred is named from the bridge that gave name
to this district. There is now no river near it, bu t on his large
map of Suffolk (1826?) Greenwood marks a small stream in its
southern boundary. - From OE hr'is or *hr'isen 'of brushwood'
and brycg; 'bridge built of brushwood', perhaps over the streamjust mentioned. Cf. PNW 0 22, PNSx 258.
Thingoe bd.
A district mainly W. of Bury St Edmunds, E. of Risbridge, N. of
Babergh and W. of Thedwestry hds, bounded on the north-east by the Lark,
Illcluding in the north the par of Lackford and in the south-east those of
Nowton and Hawstead. Sudbury, now in Babergh hd, originally belonged
to this hundred.
pe half nigende hundredes sokne into Dinghowe 1042-66 (14)
Thorpe 418, Tingohou, Til1gohv, Tinchou, Chinhoge, Thingohov,
Thingehov, Tingoov, Tingov; Tingoho 1086 DB, Tingehou 1086
(c. 1180) lE, Thinghoge 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury, Tinghowe 1182
Samson f. 89, Tinghohdr' 1189, 1193 P, Thinghoghe c. 1190-1200
Bodl, Thinghog' 1220 Fees, l'hyngho 1240 Ass 818 m 54d, Thingml'e1254 Norwich, Thinghowe 1275 RH, 1316 FA, Tyngho 1275 RH, . Thynghowe 1327 SR - From ON pinghaugr 'mound of assembly';
cf. lPN 87 f. Gage (op. cit. p. XI) locates the mound on Shirehouse
Heath just N. of Bury St Edmunds and suggests that the exact
spot may be a mound (marked on his map of the hundred), where
a mill stood in his day. The mound is referred to as Thinghogo
96 O. S. Anderson
by Hermannus e. 1100 (i\femStEdm I 31). Originally all the eight
and a half hundreds of Bury St Edmunds apparently met here.
r
The English Hundred-Names 97
bu t in the Feudal Book of Abbot Baldwin (Bury p. 7) only the
manors of Ingham, Culford and West Stow in the SW. part of
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For the later meeting-plaees of the liberty see above p. 83.
Thedwestry bd.E. of Thingo e hd and N. of Rabergh and Cosford hds, bounded by
Blackbourn hd on the north, where it includes the pars of Woolpit, To
stock, Thurston, Pakenham, Gt Livermere, Ampton, Tirnworth and Forn
ham St Geneveve. Its northern boundary has a curious shape with two
long, narrow strips reaching up towards a place called Rymer Point,apparently a spot of some importance in early days, for the boundaries
of all the parishes in a wide circle round it, nine in all, are made to meet
there.
Theod Wardes Treo, Thewardestr(e)u, Thewardestre 1086 DB,
Tedeuuartstreu, Teodeuuardes treou 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Theod
uuardesthreo, TheowardestJ'e 1087-98 (c. 1190), Teodwardestre
1121-48 (15) Bury, Thedwarder;tre 1182 Samson f. 81, 1240 Ass
818 m 55, 1247 MemStEdm, 1254 Norwich, 1265 Mise, 1 ; ~ 0 3 , 1344
Ipm, Tedwardestrie 1199 P, Thedwarestre 1220 Fees, Thedwar
distre 1316 FA, 1327 SR, 1360 Pat, Thedwarstre 1320 Tpm,
Thedwastre 1539 Bodl. - OE *Peodweard pn and treo 'tree';
for the pn cf. the field-name Thiedwarescroft, Tedwardescroft
(Chattisham Sf) AD I I 195, 217. - The hundred-name survivesin THEDWASTRE House and THEDWASTRE Hill Farm
Thurston par, c. I/l m. E. of Thurston station, on
the railway!
B1ackbourn hd,On the Norfolk border, N. of Thedwestry and Thingoe
(both 6") in
either side of
hds and Eo of
Lackford hd, including in the west the pars of Barnham and West Stow.
In Domesday this hundred was divided into two hundreds,
Blackbourn hd and Brademera lhmd', also mentioned as Brademere
Hundret 1087-98 (c. 1190) Bury.c No definite boundary between
the two hundreds can be evolved ou t of the Domesday entries,
1 The entry on the Patent rolls quoted above contains that some
persons named 'conspired at Thurston on Monday after Michaelmas .. .
that (one of them) would act so that no execution of right by plaint or
otherwise should be done in the abbot of Bury SI. Edmunds's hd of Thed
wardistre'. This may be taken to show that the hundred-court was then
actually Ileld at this place.
2 In the Pinchbeck Register I 328 (MS c. 1333) Brademer is written in
the margin against a list of the vills of B1ackbourn hd.
the present hundred are assigned to Brademere, the remaining
parishes of the modern hundred being assigned to Blackbourn
hd. - The name is from OE brad and mere 'large pool'. It has
been suggested 1 that the name is preserved in BROAD MERE in
Troston par, c. 1 m. N. of Troston, whieh presupposes, however,
that the hundred was once of considerably wider extent than in
1086. - No mention of the hd of Brademere has been found
after the 11th century. I t was apparently completely merged in
Blackbourn hd, which accordingly appears as a double hundred
in the 12th century: Blacbruna -e, Blachebruna -e, Bla(c)kebrune {1086 DB,' Blac(h)ebrune 1087-98 (e. 1190), Blakebourne 1121
-4 8 (15) Bury, (in) duobus hundred' de Blakebrun' 1182 Samson
f. 92d, 1220 Fees, Blakebrunnehundredum Sancti iEdmundi 1185,
(de) II hundredis 2 de Blakebrunnehundredo 1188 P, Blakebrunne
1219 Fees, Hllndr' de BlacbTllnne (23 jurors) 1240 Ass 818 m 55,
Blakeburn' (respondet per duobus hundr') 1275 RH, Blakebllrne
1316 FA, Blakebourne 1327 SR. - OE bla!c and burna 'black
stream'. The name is probably, as suggested by Powell,· preserved
in BLACKBURN Farm in Stanton par (1 m. N. of Stanton; to judgefrom the map the nearest stream is now a mile away, bu t on the
old 1" map a small stream is marked running past Blackburn
HOllse). In modern times the hundred met at Stanton!
Lackford hd.
Consists of the NW. corner of the county, N. of Risbridge and \V. of Ihingoe and Blackbourn hds, from which it is separated by the Icknield
Way.
Lacforda -e, Lacheforda, Leac;orde H' 1086 DB, Lecforde -a
hundr' 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Leacforde Hundret 1087-98 (c, 1190)
Bury, Lacford hdr' 1168 P, Hundredum de Laford' 1185 Ro t Dom,
Lacford' 1226-8 Fees, llundr' de Lacford 1240 Ass 818 m 56,
1265 Mise, 1275 RH, 1303 FA, 1327 SR, Lackford 1316 FA.
The hundred is apparently named from the ford still in existence
below LACKFORD BRIDGE (del Punt of Lacford 1301 Cl), where the Icknield
Way crosses the river Lark. The viI. of LACKFORD, in Thingoe hd, c. I m.
1 E. Powell, A Suffolk Hundred in 1283, Cambridge 1910, p. XVIII.
2 11 hundredis interlined.
s op_ cit. p. XIX. • ib. p. XVIII.
7
I
98O. S. Anderson
SE. of Lackford Bridge, is named from the same ford: Lectorde, Lactorde
1045-98 (11) EH R 43, 382 f., Le(a)ctordam 1086 DB, Leactorde 1087--'-98
The English Hundred-Names 99
meeting-place and marked for the purpose with a pillar'. Accor
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I
(c. 1190) Bury, Dactord' 1204 Obl (p), 1250 Cl, Lactord 1215 FF, 1253 Ch,
Laketord 1248 Pat.
The first cl. of the name goes back on an OE base in -(E- or
-ea-, as indicated by the 11th century forms in -eo, -ea-; second
et OE f9rd .1
Cambridgeshire.There is a marked difference in the hundred divisions of the southern
part of Cambridgeshire and the part of the county north of the Ouse.
Cambridgeshire S. of the Ouse is now as it was in 1086 divided into 14
comparatively small hundreds, some of them very small, only including
four or five parishes (Cheveley, FIendish, Whittlesford). The areas of
these hundreds are everywhere the same now as they were at the time of
the Domesday survey. The hundr eds on the whole consist of compact
areas except for the north-western part of the district, the bds of Chester
ton and Northstow, which are broken up in several parcels. In this part of
the county the hundreds are divided into two groups by the river Cam,
whose marshy banks formed an effective boundary. The Cambridgeshire
dykes' an d the Roman roads that cross the county also provided boun
daries for some of the hundreds. - The hundredal division of the Isle of
Ely makes a more artificial impression. It lacks the stability of the hun
dreds S. of the Ouse, and very likely the hundredal division cannot be
very old in this part of the county.
Staploe bd .S. of the Ouse, E. of the Cam and N. of Staine hd, from which it is
separated by the Devil's Ditch. In Domesday it is made to include also
Exning, now in Sf.Staplehou 1086 DB, (c. 1180) ICC, lE, Stapelhohundr' 1168,
Stapelfordhundr' 1175/ Stapelawahundredum 11933
P, Stapelho
1218 SR 81/1, 1236--8 Barnwell, 1272 Ass 85 m 1, 1279 RH,
1284-6, 1316 FA, 1329 SR 81/6, Stapelhowe 1261 Ass 82 m 25,
1279 RH, Stapilho 1276 RH, 1336 SR 81/12, 1401 FA, Stapulho
1428FA. - OE *stapol-hoh perhaps 'spur of land used as a
1 Professor Ekwall now wishes to withdraw the suggestion for theetymology of the name made in ERN 236. In his opinion, the first el. is OE
leae 'garlic'. This word is generally assumed to have become lee by
smoothing in all Anglian dialects, but there is nothing to prove that this
was the case in Suffolk. A PN like Yaxley may indicate that ea wa s
preserved here.2 Preceded by Witletordhdr'; Stapelhouhdr' in the Cbancellor's Roll.
• Preceded by Trepelau·ahdr'.
ding to Lysons 1 STAPLOE Balk was the name of a balk 'in Burwell
field', probably in the eastern part of the parish not far from
Exning, for in a grant of land in Exning in 1198 (FFP) half an
acre of land is said to lie ad uiam de Stapelhoue. This was
doubtless the meeting-place from which the hundred is named.
Cheveley hd.
A small district including the pars of Woodditton, ChevelE!y, Ashley
cum Silverley and Rirtling, E. of Staploe hd and N. of Radfield hd, from
which it is divided by the Devil's Ditch.
C(h)avelai hvnrl' 1086 DB, Caueleie hundr' c. 1080 (c. 1180)
ICC, Cauelai hund' 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Chauelaihdr' 1166,
CheaueleJiundr' 1175, Chaueleahundredum 1188, 1193, 1195 P;
Bundr' de C(h)auelc 1218 SR 81/1, lIundredum de Cheuele 12313
-8 Barnwell, 1329 SR 81/6, llundr'm de Chauelee 1261 Ass 82
m 28, Bundr' de Chwuele 1276 R.H, 1316 FA.
The hundred is named from CHEVELEY, where its meeting-place may
have been: Cceafle post 991 BM, uillam siluosam uocabulo Cheatlea 1022
(18) KCD 734, Chavelai, silua regis de Chauelai 1086 DB, in Caueleio,
silua regis de Cheueleie c. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC, silua Ceauelai 1086 (c. 1180)
lE, Chetle 12 Lib El 183, Chauelai 1161, Chauelay 1176, Cheuelea (p) 1188
P, Che'velay late Hy2 BM, Chauel' 1199 Cur 11, 1200 FF, Chevele 1200 Pap,
1271 FF, Chavele 1201 Cur, 1254 Norwich, 1303, 1342 Ipm, Chavelay 1203
FF, Chaveleia 1205 Obl, Chatle 1242 Fees, Caveley 1246 Cl, Che1!elegh
1287 Fine.
Skeat's derivation from OE ceaf 'chaff' and le(a)h is undoub
tedly correct, but the exact meaning of the compound is obscure.
The intrusive vowel of the ME forms is due to the difficulty of
the combinat.ion -'Vl-; cf. Jordan § 216. [nitial cea- (C(E- ce-)
developed as in OE ceaster (cf. Chesterton below). - CHEVELEY
(in Huntington) co. Ch (Cavelea 1086 DB, Ceueleiam c. 1150
Werb, Che'Vely 1244 Ch, Che'Velegh 1295 Misc) is different; it is
Ceofanlea 958 (13) BCS 1041.
Staine bd.
E. of the Cam, S. of Staploe and W. of Radfield hds, bordering on the
south on FIendish hd, from which it is divided by the Fleam Dyke, inclu
ding the pars of Swaffham Prior an d Bulbeck, Lode, Stow cum Quy,Bottisham and Gt and Lt Wilbraham.
1 Daniel Lysons, Magna Britannia vo!. 11, pt I, London 1808, p. 97note.
O. S. Anderson100
Stanes kond' 1086 DB, Stane c. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC, hund' de
The English Hundred·Nafnes 101
of Richmond's tourn for Gt Wilbraham is held there). I t seems
to have a counterpart in le Flemdich AD V 183 (L t Waltham Ess).
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Stanas, Stane hundret 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Stanehundredum 1185, Sian
hundredum 1188 P, Stane 1199 P, 1218 SR 81/1, 1236--8 Barnwell,
1261 Ass 82 m 26, 1304 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1329 SR 81[6, 1428 FA,
1457 lpm, 1583 BM, 1610 Speed, Stone 1272 Ass 85 m 5d, 1286
Ass 86 m 46, Stayne 1592 BM. - OE stan 'stone'. The preserva
tion of the long a is difficult to explain. Skeat' s suggestion that
it is due to Scandinavian influence can hardly be correct, as thereis no trace of the diphthong of ON steinn in early forms. Cf. also
Staines Mx (Gavel') and Steane PNNp 57. The ai of the modern
form is an inverted spelling for a, a and ai having coincided in
early ModE. The site of the stone(s) is unknown.
FIendish hd.
E. of the Cam, S. of Staine hd, W. of Radfield hd from which it is
separated by the Icknield Way. N. of Chilford and Thriplow hds, from
which it is partly divided by the Via Devana, including the pars of Hor
ningsca
, Fen Ditton, Teversham, Cherry Hinton and Fulbourn. Its north
boundary is formed partly by the Fleam Dyke.
Flamingdiee. Flammindic, Flammidinc, Flamiding. Flammiding
1086 DB, Flamenedie c. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC, Flammigedic, Fla'
mincdie 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Flam'diehdr' 1158, Flamedieh'hund
redum 1176, Flemediehhundredum 1188, Flamediehhundredum
1191, Flamedieh 1199 P, Flemedie, Flemesdich 1218 SR 81/1,
Fleniedieh 1236--8 Barnwell, 1265 Mise, 1276 RH, Flemedieh'
1261 Ass 82 m 33, Flemesdieh 1284-6, Flemdiehe 1303 FA,
Flemdisch 1372 SR 81/28, Flendiehe 1428 FA, Flemedyssh 1457
Ipm, Flendyche 1548 D, Flendyshe 1583 BM. - The hundred is
named from the FLEAM DYKE, and old dyke 1 now largely levelled,
which forms the northern bound ary of the hundre d. The exact
spot for the hundred meeting-place was nO doubt at MUTLOW HILL
(probably from OE * (ge)mot-hWw 'hill of assembly', though no early
forms have been found), a tumulus at the point where Fleam
Dyke is intersected by the lcknield Way 2 in the eastern cornerof Fulbourn par. FleaID' Dyke is the die referred to in BCS 1305
(A.D. 974). I t is also mentioned as Flemesdieh c. 1260 BodL
Flemdieh, Flemigdich' 1279 RH, Flemdich 1346 Ipm (the Earl
1 Excavations have shown it to be post-Roman; see Proceedings of
the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, vo!. 24 p. 28 ff., vo!. 25 p. 21 ff.
2 Op. cit. vo!. 25 p. 36.
_ From OE *tlemena die 'fugitives' dyke' (first el. OE tlema,
mema 'fugitive' cf. Flimwell PNSx 452). T he 11th century forms
may represent OE tlemena-, though they may be influenced by
OE fleming 'fugitive' (cL Zachrisson StMSp IX 118, StNPh V 4).1
As there is no trace of the -ing in later forms, it seems less likely
that the first el. is that word itself. The.ME
forms, which showno trace of OE -ena are perhaps influenced by ME tli!:me 'flight'
(from OE tleam; cf. Fleamstede 990 (c. 1250) KCD 672: Flamstead
Herts), as seems certainly to be the case in the modern name of
the dyke itself. The dyke was perhaps a place of refuge for
fugitives (cf. Liebermann Il 290 s. v. Asyl). Th e development
of [ditf] > [dif] is too late to be due to French influence. It may
perhaps be due to analogy from words in -dish (cf., however,
ANlnfl 159 f.).
Radfield bd.
S. of Cheveley hd and the Devil's Ditch. E. of Staine and Fiendish
and N. of Chilford hd, on the Suffolk border, including the pars of
Stetchworth, Dullingham, Burrough Green, Westley Waterless, Brinkley,
Carlton cum Willingham, Weston Colville, West Wratting and Balsham.All the parishes oecupy the whole width of the hundred their boundaries
running parallel from NW. to SE.
Radptelle 1086 DB, Radesteld c. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC, Radetelde
1086 (c. 1180) lE, Radeteldhdr' 1157, 1188 P, Redeteld' 1185
Rot Dom, Radefeld' 1218 SR 81/1, 1286 Ass 86 m 44, 1329' SR 81/6,
Radefeld 1236-8 Barnwell, 1276 RH, 1284-6 FA, 1340 Cl,
Radeteud' 1261 Ass 82 m 23, Radtelde 1303, 1316 FA. - OE
read and teld 'red field'. The place is lost but may possibly have
been near Westley Waterless, for in Domesday the hundred seems
also to be called Weslai hvnd' (f. 199a).
Chilford M.
In the SE. corner of the county S. of Fiendishand
Radfield Ms, fromwhich it is partly separated by the Via Devana, E. of Thriplow and
Whittlesford hds, including the pars of West Wickham, Horseheath,
Shudy and Castle Camps, Bartlow, Linton, H i l d e r ~ , h a m , Gt and Lt Abing
ton, Babraham and Pampisford.
1 Influence from AN Flaming, Plemin.fJ is also possible (the word is
found in ASC(C) s. a. 1066, in the form Flreminy; cf. also Skeat).
I
102O. S. Antlerson
Cildeford 1086 DB, Childeforda c.l080 (c. 1180) Ice, Cildeforde
103The English Hundred-Names
Hn: Witlesmere 963--84 (c. 1200) BCS 1128. Cf. also WHlTTLEBURY
and WHITTLEWOOD, PNNp 2, 45. These names have been derived
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1086 (c. 1180) lE, Childefordhr' 1169, Chilford'hundredum 1179,
Chillefordhundredum 1185 P, Chileford' 1185 Rot Dom, 1218 SR
tU/l, 1261 Ass 82 m 2:3, Chilleford 1199 P, Chilleford' 1218, 1329
SR 81/1, 6, Chilford 1236-8 Barnwell, 1276 RH, 1284-6 FA,
1312 lpm, 1334 Pat. - OE *cilda ford 'children's ford' (Skeat).
Cf. PNLa s. n. Childwall and references thcre quoted, and for the
gen. pI. cilda Sievers § 290 n. 2. The m c a n i n ~ of the name isuncertain; Skeat suggests that it refers to a shallow ford; cf.,
however, PNWo 50. The name survives in LITTLE CmLFoRDs (Chil-
ford 1279 RH), a farm a mile NW. of !.inton, near the river
Bourne; C H 1 L F O R ~ Hall is a mile farther north. From ChiIford
Hall a track leads past LiWe ChiIfords acrosS the Bourne. The
ford must be where this track crosses the stream. This was no
doubt the meeting-place of the hundred.
Whittlesford hd.A small district in thc south of the county, W. of Chilford hd, including
the pars of Hinxton, Ickleton, Duxford, Whittlesford and Sawston.
Witelesford hd', TVitelesfeld 1 hund' 1086 DB, (in) hundreto
de Witlesfordac. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC,
Witelesforda hltnd'1086 (c.l180) lE, lf lit lefordhundr' 1175, Witlesfordhundredum 1185 P,
Hundredum de Witlesford 1199 P, 1236-8 Barnwell, Hundr' de
Witlesford', Witellestonl' 1218 SR 81/1, hd of Wittlesford 1265
Misc, Hundr'm de Wytlesford' 1286 Ass 86 m 43d, Hundredum
de Wytlesford 1316, de Witlesforde 1428 FA.The hundred-name is derived from that of the viI. of WHlTTLESFORD, or
from the ford that gives name to ,he village:' lVitelestorde 1086 DB,
Witlestorda c. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC, Witlesford 12 Lib El 151, ?1185--95
France, 1254 Norwich, 1316 FA, Witlesford' 1206 Cl, Wyttlesford 1228 FF,
Wytleford' 1241 Cl, Wittlestord 1251 Pat.
The name should probably he connected with that of WHITT
LESEY, Ca: Witlesig 973 BCS 1297 (copy), and WHlTTLESEY MERE,
1 Probably an erroneouS extension of Witelest', cf. f. 190a.
2 Possibly the ford was one at WHlTTLESFORD BRIDGE (ad pontern deWytlesford' 1242 Cl, Wytlisfordebrige 1279 RH, lVitlesfordebrigg 1303 FF,
Wytlesfordebrigge 1309 Pat, Wytletord Brugge 1345 Fine, Wittlestord
Brugge 1361 Pat) at the junction of the parishes of Duxford, Whittlesford,
Pampisford and Hinxton, where an old road connecting Royston with
the Icknield Way crosses the R. Cam or Granta, which would be a good
meeting-place. But the village itself is a mile farther down-stream and
the ford may have been one nearer the village.
from OE Witil (*Witela) pn (Redin 139), a diminutive of OE
Wita pn. OE (1In-, fore-)wit(t)ol '(un)wise, (fore)knowing' used
as a pn or as a noun might also be thought of.
Thriplow hd.W. of Whittlesford and Chilford hds, S. of FIendish hd and the river
Cam and E. of Armingford hd.Trepela'v, Trepesla l' hL'nd' 1086 DB, hundr' de TripeWl1e c. 1080
(c. 1180) ICC, Trepeslau, Treppeslaue hund' 1086 (c. 1180) lE,Treppel'hdr' 1158, Trepelawehltndr' 1168, Treppelawahundredum
1179, Tripelawahundredurn 1185 P, Hundredum de Trapelawe
1185 Rot Dom, Triplawahundredum 1188, Trepelawahundredum
1193, Tripelmcehundredurtl 1195, Hundredum de Trepelawe 1199
P, Hundr' de Treplawe, Trippelawe 1218 SR 81/1, Hundredum de
Trippelawe 1236-8 Barnwell, 1261 Ass 82 m 24, 1303 FA, Hund-
redurn de TrNPpel010e 1272 Ass 85 ID 12, Hundr' de Trippelowe
1276 RH, 1316 FA, 1329 SR 81/6, 1401 FA.The hundred is named from the viI. of THRIPLOW,' or both are named from
the same hill or tumulus, perhaps the one marked on the OS just E. of
Thriplow church: Tripelan 1042-66 KCD 907 (late copy), Trepeslau,Trepeslai 1086 DB, Trippeldue c. 1080 (0.1180) ICC, Treppeslaue 1086 (c.
1180) lE, Tripelaue 12 Lib El 201, Trippelawa 1177 P, Treppelawe 1206 Cur,
Trippelau'e 1228 Pat, Treplawe (p) 1232 FF, Trappelowe, Trcplowe 1276
RH, Thrippelowe 1279 RH, 1332 Fine (p), 1333 rpm, Thirppelowe 1428 FA,
Trepelowe 1446 AD VI.
Skeat derives the first el. from a pn *Trippa, which, however,
does not account for the early forms in -e-. The Th- of the
modern form is undoubtedly misleading, as forms in Th- occur
only very sporadically and late in the sources. The foms are
. best in accord ance with an OE base in *tryp-. Perhaps a pn
connected with OE treppan 'tread' is possible, or else OE *Tryppa
may have existed as a short form of OE Trumbeorht by the side
of *Trumpa and *Tryrnpa (cf. PNWo 252 s. n. Trimpley). Second
el. OE hlaw.
Armingford Ild.In the SW. corner of the county,W. of Thriplow hd, mainly S. of the
Cam or Rhee; to the north of the stream it includes the pars of Croydon
cum Clapton, Tadlow and E. Hatley, and in the east the pars of Meldreth
and Melbourn.
104The English Hundred-Names 101)
O. S. Anderson
Emingford 1086 DB, Herningeforda e. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC,
Ermingetorde, Erningetord (var. Ernin(c)gaford , .Erningef' Hamil
Wederlai (var. Weverlai Hamilton) 1086 (c. 1180) lE, rVeaerleahdr'
1166, Wederleahdr' 1175, Wethcreahundredum 1183 P, Werle 1185
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ton) 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Erningef' 1159, Erningefordhdr' 1166,
1175, 1188, 1191, llerningetordhr' 1169, Herningefordhundredurn
1180, 1188, 1193 P, Emingeford 1199 P, 1236--8 Barnwell,
Arningford' 1218 SR 81!1, Arningeford' 1261 Ass 82 m 26d,
Arnyngeford 1272 Ass 85 m 11, Aringford 1276 RH, Arnyngford
1310 Ipm, 1316 FA, Armyngford' 1336 SR 81/12, Armyngeforth
1428 FA. - The ford is generally assumed to be at the point
where the Ermine Street crosses the river Cam or Rhee! The
only evidence I have found to that effect is from Lysons, who
once refers to the bridge now occupying the site as Armingford
Bridge! But as he calls it Arrington Bridge (the modern name)
elsewhere, it is somewhat inconclusive; still, that is probably the
:.
$.;«
site of the ford; it is called: .£rningaford, Earmingaford, Earniga-
ford 970 BCS 1265 (18), 1266 L,' Earningeford, Erningefort 12
Lib El 159, 212; cf. ARRINGTON, on Ermine Street, 1 m. N. of
Arrington Bridge: ?Carmigtone (var. Earmingtone) c. 950 (14)
BCS 1008, Erningtrne 1086 DB, Brningetone tvar. Ernincgetune,
'&rningetune Hamilton) 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Erningatone ?1086--7
France, Erningeton' (p) 1166 P, Arningtun' 1218 SR 81!1, Arington1258 FF; and ERMINE STREET: on Earninga strcete 955 (e. 1200),
957 BCS 909, 1003; 1012 (12) Proc Soe Ant, 2 Ser., III 49,
Ermingestrete c. 1090 (c. 1230) Laws, Erningestrate c. 1200?
AD IV, Arnyngestrete 1299 Ass 95 m 56, Arnyngstrete 1438
AD Ill. - The first el. of all three names is the gen. pI. of
OE *Earningas, a tribal name, probably it derivative of OE Eaern
pn (Redin 6); cf. PNBeds 2 f., Zachris50n PN & RN 10, Karl
strom' 46.
WetherJey Jut
N. an d W. of the river Cam or Rhee, SW. of Cambridge, including the
pars of Arrington, Wimpole, OrweIl, B a r r i ~ g t o n , Harlton, Haslingfield,
Grantchester, Coton, Barton, Comberton and, S. of the river, Shepreth.
Wederlai, Wedrelai 1086 DB, Werleia c. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC,
1 PNBeds 3; H. Cam, The Hundred and the Hundred Rolls, p. 172.
• op. cit. p. 46.3 An inspeximus (A.D. 1323) of BCS 1266 f. in the Exchequer Memoranda
Rolls (E 159/97 m 16; about the middle of the roll) has Earningalord, as
kindly pointed out by Mr. V. B. Redstone.
Rot Dom, Wereslea 1199 P, Wetherle 1218 SR 81/1, 1242 P, Hy3
Ipm, 1272 Ass 85 II I 11, 1284--6, 1316 FA, 1329 SR 81/6, Wetherl'
1223 Cl, 1261 As s 82 m 34, Wethersle 1236-8 Barnwell, Weresle
1276 HH, Wetherley 1428 FA. --- OE weoeT (or 1JJeOra gen. pt )
and le(a)h 'cleari ng for sheep or rams" (Skeat).
Longstowhd.
N. and W. of Armingford and Wetherley hds, including in the north
the pars of Eltisley, Caxton, Bourn, Caldecote and Hardwick.
Stov hd' 1086 DB, hundr' de Stduue c. 1080 (c. 1180) ICC, Stouu
hund' 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Stohdr' 1161, Stowahundrcdurn 118;-) P,
Hundr' de' St01ce 1218 SR 81/1, 1236-8 Barnwell, 1261 Ass 82
II I 33d, 1276 RH, 1316 FA, 1328 Cl, 1548 D.Th e hundred named from the viI. of LOllG STOWE, 10 m. W. of Cam
bridge: Stowe before 985 (14) BCS lOGO, 1 1 1 4 ~ ' 3 0 (14) Rams, 1201 Cur, 1254
Norwich, Stou 1086 DB, Stowa 1109----35 (14) R a m ~ , late 12th BM, Longa
Stowe 1272 FF, Longestowe 1314 Ipm, Longa Stoll'e juxta Brunne 1317 FF,
Langestowe juxta Caxton 1364 Orig.
OE stow perhaps here meaning 'meeting-place'.
Northstow hd.
N. of Cambridge and Wetherley hd and W. of the Cam, including thepars of Waterb each, L andbeach, Milton, Irnpington, Clirton, Madingley,
Oakington, Long Stanton St Michael and All Saints, and Lolworth. Its shape
is irregular owing to its being interspersed with parts of Chesterton hd.
Norestol', Orneston (1) 1086 DB, Nordstouua c. 1080 (c. 1180)
ICC, Nordstouue 1086 (c. 1180) lE , Nordstowehundr' 1168, 1185,
Northstowehdr' 1170 P, Norstowe 1185 Rot Dom, iVordstowa-
hundredum 1191 P, Nortstowe 1218 SR 81/1, 1279 RH, Northstowe
1261 Ass 82 m 24, 127(', RH, 1428 FA, Northstouwe 1335 Fine.
- Its vicinity to Longstow lId might create the impression that rthese two hundreds once formed a whole. Such a hundred,
however, would have been very irregular in shape and of quite
unusual length, an d unless the hundred-boundaries have here
been completely rearranged, I think it is more likely that Northstow was named from a separate stow or meeting-place, though
1 Dr W. Palmer, Linton, kindly infonns me that there is mention of
a field called Wetherle, from which the hundred ma y be named, in Orwell
par, in a 15th century charter in Bodl. MS. Rawlinson B 278, but I have no
exact reference to the charter in question.
107
,
O. 1>. Anderson
as no such place has been found, the matter must remain some
what uncertain. North- to distinguish it from Longstow.
106 Th e English Hundred-Names
1218 SR 81/1, PappewTihe Agn[etis] 1 2 3 ~ Barnwell, Anneys Papwrth
1241 FF.l - PAPWORTlI EVt;RAHD is: Pappawyroe 1012 (12) Proc Soc Ant,
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(1hesterton bd,
Consists of three separate pieces uivided by parts of Nort hstow hd,
one including the village of Chesterton, one the pars of Cottenham, Westwick
and Histon and the third those of ChilderIey and Dry Dray ton.
Cestreton(e) hvnd' 1086 DB, Cestretona, Cestretlme hund' 1086
(c. 1180) lE , Cestretonehundr' 1130, Cestreton'hundredum 1191 P,
Hundr' de Cest1'etun', Cestertun' 1218 Sl l 81fl, Hundredum de
Cesterton 1236--8 Barnwell, 1275 Mise, Hundr' de Cestreton' 1261
Ass 82 m 30, 133G SR 81/12, Hundr' de Cestretun 1276 un, Hund-
redurn de Cestertone 1284-6, de Chestertone 1346 FA.The hundred is named from the viI. of CHESTERTON, now a suburb of
Cambridge: Cestretone 1086 DB, Cestretu-n' 1156 P, 1222 Cl, Ceslertune 1198
FF, Cestreton' 1200 Cnr, 1208 Cl, Chesterton 1207 FF, 1295 Cl, Chastreton
1277 Cl, Chasterton 1305 FF.
The village takes its name from the casLle (OB ceaster) of
Cambridge (Grantacaestir Bcde). The castle mound in Castle
Street, Cambridge, is still in Chesterton par.'
Pa'llworth bd .
W. of Chesterton and Northstow hds, N. of Longstow hd. S. of thef Ouse, on th e Huntingdonshire border.
Papeword(e) , Papesword, Pampesword hd' 1086 DB, Pampe-
'worda, Pampeullorde 2 Hund' 1086 (c. 1180) lE, Pappewuroe-
hundredum 1176, 1195 P, Hundredum de Papewurthe 1185 Rot
Dom, Papewllrdehundredum 1185, Papewurdahundredum 1191 P,
Hundr' de Papworth', Pappewrth' 1218 SR 81!1, Hundredum rle
Pappewrthe 1236--8 Barnwell, Hundr' de Pappewurth' 1261 Ass
82 ID 36, Hundr'm de Papwrthe 1272 Ass 85 m 15, Hundr' de
Pampeworth 127G RH, Hundredum de Papewurth 1284-6, de
Pappeworth 1316 FA, Hundr' de Pappeworth' 1329 SR 81/6, hd of Papworth 1335 Fine.
The hundred is named from the settlement now represented by PAPWOHTH
ST AGNES and PAPWORTH EVERARD in the sout.h-western corner of the hundred. PAPWORTH ST AGNES is: Papeuuorde 1086 DB, Pappe-wrda 1147 BM,
Papewurda (p) 1160 P, Papewurth' 1198 Cur, 1208 Ch, Papu:orth' Agnetis
Cf. A. Gray in Cambridge Antiquarian Society Quarto Publications,
N. S. I p. 15. I owe the reference to the courtesy of Miss H. M. Cam.
• The forms containing an m are due to confusion with Pampisford Ca:
Pampesuuorde 1086 DB.
2nd Ser., III 49, Papeworde 1086 DB, Pappewrth' Everard 1254 Norwich,
Pappeworth' Euerard, Purua Pappeworth' 1286 Ass 86 ID 48, 54d. ' - Cf.
also PAPLEY GROVE, 1 m. SW. of Papworth Everard (Eltisley par), which
has the same first el.: Pappele 1279 RH, 1329 SR 81/6 m 7d (p), Pappele in
Ellesle 13.34, 1385 BM. - There are also some other PNs of apparently iden
tical origin, viz. PAUPERHAUGH Nb: Papwirthhalgh c. 1120, Papwurthhalgh
c. 1250 PN Nb 156, also Papworthele ib.; PAPERCOURT in Send Sr: Pappe
worth 1320, Papeworth 136.3 Ch: and Papworthbank 1312 Cl (Wm?); PAPLEYNp: Pappele 12, et pass. PNNp ~ 1 6 ; and GT PAPELF.Y WOOD Sf (Barrow par):
Ureate Papeley 1597 Gage op. cit. p. 16 (map); cc. also P APCASTLE Cu: Pape
caster 1265 Sedgefield, Papecastre 1300 Cl, and PAVt;NHAM PNBeds 36.
The first el. of these names is probably a pn *Pap(p)a as
assumed by Skeat (v. also PNBeds 3G s. n. Pavenham, PNNp 216
s. n. Papley), who adduces ]Japan halt S 901 BCS 596 -in support
of this name. I t should probably be compared with the OG pn
Papa, Papo of uncertain origin, for which see Mansion 34, NGN
VII 144. Mansion points out that in hypocoristic names p. ma y
enter for any labial, as in Polly for Mary, Peg for Meg, Spanish
Paco for Fransisco, Frisian Pim for Willem. Panne for Frans.
It is hardly identical with OE papa 'pope' (MM; Forssner 203).
especially as the meaning 'priest' of this word does no t seem tooccur in English. It is remarkable that this first el. should be
so frequently coupled with OB 1001'1) and le(a)h.
The Isle of Ely seems to show a more artificial hundred-division than
Cambridge S. of th e Ouse. In 1086 it was divided into two hundreds: In
Dvobus Ihndredis de Ely qui cOl1veniunt apud Wicetorde DB f. 191b; In
duobus hundretis de Ely qui conveniunt apud Wichtordam lE 498. This
arrangement dates back to the 10th century, for the two hundreds are men
tioned in King Edgar's charter granting to the monastery .. . intra paludes
causas seculares duorum centuriaiuum; ealla pa socna eac oter p[ret] tenn
land into pam twam hundredum .. . 970 BCS 1266 f. (confirmed by King
Eadward: .. . In comitntu- Gmntecestrire ipsa insula cum duobus centuria
tibus .. . KCD 907). The two hundreds are often mentioned in Lib El, e. g.
p. 134 (consilium duorom hundretorum); p. 169 (duorom centuriatuum qui
ad Ely ab antiquo pertinent; .. . omnes homines duorom centuriatuum
1 According to W. Farrer, Feudal Cambridgeshire, Cambridge 1920, p.
96, AGNES is doubtless from Agnes de Papewurda mentioned in 1160 P.
• According to Farrer (op. cit. p. 97) the distinctive addition to this name
is doubtless from Everard de Beche, who flourished c. 1156 (BarnweII 66 f.).
a Near Micheldever Ha; later forms are: Papeholt 1167 P, Pappenholt
1228, Papholte 1250, Papenholt 1253 Cl.
I
108 O. S. Anderson
insul:e. " debent convenire ad Ely vel ad vVicheforda qu:e caput centuria
tuum insul:e dicitur . . . .); - In DB and lE, Whittlesey, Doddington, Chat
The Engli sh Hundred·NulllRS 109
Hurstingstone bd.
Contains the eastern part of the county N. of the Ouse, including in
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teris, Littleport, Stuntney, Thetford, Stretham, Wilburton, Haddenham,
Lindone (cf. Linden End in Haddenham) and Helle (Heilla) (cf. Hill Row, ib.)
are apparently considered to form one of the two hundreds; then after
the heading: Hvcvsque zmum H'Ilnd'. ]V vnc alterum (DB); Explicit hoc
Hundretum, incipit aliud (lE), are enrolled Wisbech, Ely, Haneia, Downham,
Witchford, Wentworth, Witcham and Sutton. - At present the Isle of Ely
is divided into 3 hundreds: ELY BD ((firma) Hundredi de Ely 1170 P (or =the two hundreds of Ely?), Hundredum de El y 1299 Ass 95 m 64, Hundr' deEl y 1329 SR 81/6) in cluding El y, Littleport and Downham; WITCHFORD
(N. and S.) HD (Hundr'm de Wycheford 1286, Hundredum de Wicheford'
1299 Ass 90, 95, Hundr' de Wycheford' 1329 SR 81/6) including Thetford,
Grunty Fen, Witchford, Coveney, Manea, March and Whittlesey, and the
pars W. of these; and WISBECH BD (Hundr'm de Wysbech' 1286 Ass 90 ID 6,
Hundredum de Wisebech' 1299 Ass 95 m G4, Hundredum de Wysebeche 1303
FA, 1315 Pat, Hundr' de Wysebech' 1329 SR 81/6), including Up well, Elm,
Wisbech, Thorney, Parson Drove, Leverington, Newton and Tydd St Giles.
_ ELY (Elge c. 730 (8) Bede, Elige 891 (s. a. (73) ASC(A), Elig 970 BCS
12(6) is from OE el, {El 'eel' and OE "ge, cognate with Goth gawi, meaning
'the eel district' (Skeat). WISBECH (Wisebece 1121 (s. a. (56) ASC(E)) has
as its first el. the river-name Wissey (ERN 465). WlTCHFORD is: Wiceford
1086 DB, Wichforda 1086 (c. 1180) IE, Wichefort 1109-31, 1133--69 BM,
Wicceford(e) 12 Lib El 130 f., Wyccheford 1252 Ch, Wycheford 1254 Nor
wich, 1268 Pat, Wycheford' 1286 Ass 90 m 8; cf. WITCHAM, 3 m. to the west,which may have the same first el.: Wiceham 1086 DB, Wiccheham 1086 (c.
1180) lE, Wicheham 1109-31 BM, Wicceham 12 Lib El 131, Wyccham 1252
Ch, Wicheam 1254 Norwich, Wytcham 1282 lpm, Wycham 1286 Ass 90 ID 7.
First el. of the names perhaps OE u'ice 'wych-elm'; Witcham may alter
natively be from OE wichilm, though it is true this generally yields Wick
ham with hard [k].
Huntingdonshire.
The hundred-organisation of this county has not changed since the
time of the Domesday survey, There are now as in 1086 four nearly equally
large hundreds, viz. Hurstingstone, Toseland, Leightonstone and Norman
cross. The two hundreds of Hurstingstone and Nonnancross which occupy
the northern part of the county bounded on and partly belonged to the fendistrict. The western part of the county consisting of the hd of Leighton
stone, is an old forest region. The Huntingdonshire hundreds have no
natural boundaries, except that the Ouse forms the boundary between
Hurstingstone and Toseland hds. - The hd of Kimbolton mentioned in
Domesday (l. 206a, b) seems to b e an alternative name for Leightonstone hd.
the west the pars of Stukeley (Gt and Lt), Abbots Ripton, Wood Walton
and Ramsey. .
Hyrstingestan, IJerf'ingstan 1086 DB, Herstingestan 1086 DB,
c. 1136-40 BM, Herstingestana c. 1120--30 BM, Hurstingestan
1168 P, Hurstinct. 1189 BM, Hirstlillgstan 1199 P, Hirstingestan
1200 Ch, 1261 Ass 343 m 12, Herstengestan' 1207 Ch, Hurstinge
ston' 1220 Fees, Hirstingeston', Ilil'stlingestan 1228 Ass 341 m 1,2d, Hyrstlingtone 1236-8 B a r m ~ - e l l , Hyrstingston' 1255 Seld 13,
Hirstingstan 1276 RH, Hyrstingstan 1286 Ass 345 m 24, Hursting
ston 1291 Pat, 1318 Abbr, Hurstyngston 1303 FA, Hirstingston
1327, Hirstyngstone 1332 SR 122/4, 5, Hirstyngstan 1339, Ilirst
lyngstone 1364 Cl. - The h un dr ed is na.med from the HURSTING
STOKE (marked on Emmanuel Bowen's Large English Atlas, 1750)
or the Abbot's Chair (the stone resembles a chair and seems to
have formed the base of a cross perhaps datiIlg from the 12th or
13th century), situated on a hill called Hurstingstone Hill in
Woodhurst, at the highest point of the road from St Ives to Old
Hurst. The boundary of Old Burst par is carried down to touch
the stone. Bere the courts of the hundred were held up to 1446
when they were removed to Broughton (VHHu II 150). - Fro m
OE *hyrstinga-strin 'the wood-dwellers' stone'. Cl.: land in Broc
tonfield 1 called Hirstingra1!e n. d. AD I 14t1, doubtless from OE
*hyrstinga-graf. the grove belonging to the same wood-dwellers;
also: land in Wold Hyrst . , . by the road '" extending from
Hyrstinge to Houtton 2 1306 AD III 236, perhaps preserving a
trace of OE ""hyrstingas (or short for Hyrstingeston?). - There
seem to be twp ways of illterpr eting this name. Eith er OE
~ ' h y r s t i n g a s may be the name of the people dwelling in the
settlement now represented by WOODHURST: Wdeherst 1208.
TYdehirst 1235 FF, Wodehyrst 1252 BM, Wodehurst 1253 FF,
1261 Ass 343 m 12; OLD HURST: Waldhirst, -hurst 1228 Ass 341
m 1, 4d, Waldhurst' 1228 FF, TValdehyrst 1252 BM, Woldhirst1258 FF; and the lost Derhirst c. 1850 Rams, in St Ives (v.
Darwood Pla ce PNHu 221). This is in my opinion the most
probable explanation. - Or, it may, as in PNHu 203 f" be
1 Broughton, adjoining Old Hurst on the west.
2 Houghton S. of Woodhurst.
110111
I -
The English Hundred-NamesO. S. Anderson
behind noted
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associated with the Here{inna (var. Herfuina (for -inna), Herstina ..
Heresinna, Hersinna) of the Tribal Hidage (BCS 297). If that is
true, the tribe of the *hyrstingas must have occupied not only
north Hunts, bu t probably extended into Northants as well (cL
op. cit. p. XIX), and in that case there can have existed no par
ticular connexion between the *hyrstingas and the names of
Woodhurst etc. The fact that both Hursting Stone and Hirstin
gra1.-·e are in or near Old IJurst and Woodhurst, seems to me to
speak definitely in favour of the former alternative; otherwise
this would be a very remarkable coincidence indeed; the formal
difficulties in connecting the Tribal Hidage forms with the forms
of the hundred-name are very great, both as regards the vowel
and the consonants. The forms in -SO, on which the explanation
offered in PNHu is founded, are all in late copies and ma y be errors
for -f -, just as well as the reverse.
'foseland hd.
Contains the southern part of the county, S. of Hurstingstone hd, from
which it is separated by the Ouse, and Leightonstone hd. To the west of
the Ouse it includes the pars of Gt Staughton, Midloe, Buckden and theparishes to the south of these.
Toleslvnd, Toleslvnt h'vnd' 1086 DB, Toleslundhdr' 1166, 1168,
1185, Thoneslundhundr' (for Thoues-) 1175, Toulislundhundredum
1179, Touleslundhundredum 1183, 1193 P, Tolleslundhundred 1190
(c. 1225) Reg Ant, Hundredum de Touleslund 1220 Fees, 1228,
1261 Ass 341 m 1,343 m 14, 1265 Misc, 1303 FA, hundred' de Toul,is
lund 1279 RH, Hundredum de Thouleslund 1286 Ass 345 m 25,
de Toulislond 1303 FA, 1327 SR 122/4, Touleslond' 1332 SR 122/5,
Touleslond 1364 Cl, Tousland 1428 FA.The hundred is named from thc viI. of TosELAND in the eastern part of
the hundred, where the meetings of the hundred w er e h el d. - (A large
stone called the 'Moot-stone' in the church-yard is said to have been the
ancient hundred-stone (VHHu Il 374); part of an old Roman road in the
neighbourho od of the vil lage is known as 'Moots Way'; PNHu 252).
TosELAND is: Toleslund c. 1180 PNHu 272, Teuleshand' 1202 Cur, Toleslund'
(p) 1229 Cl, 1255 Seld 13, Toules-, Toulislund' 1232, Tholeslund' 1241 FF;
Tolleslund (p) 1261 Ass 82 m 22d, Touleslond 1274 Cl, Touleslound' 1281 FF,
Thouleslond 1293 AD Ill, Thouleslound 1308 Ipm, Toweslond' 1363 FF,
Touslond 1370 Cl.
The first el. has been explained (PNHu 272) from ON T6U and
OE Toglos (from ON *tauglauss 'ropelcss'according to Bjol'kman's
suggestion), but it does not seem very likely that two names should
lie the name in this way. It should be that the forms
in -ou- which presuppose OE Toglos according to PNHu, are1
ldefinitely later than those in -ol(l)-; similar forms occur in Tollesby
PNNR 163 from 1166 onwards, and on the whole it seems most
probable that the -ou- forms are developed from those in -oW)-.
The vocalizing of 1> u before a consonant is a well-known
phenomenon in PNs, though this case is not quite analogous, as
-l(l)- is kept in the majority of forms. I f this view is correct, ON
T6li seems most likely for the first eL, but in that case it seems
impossible to associate the name with the Toglos of the ASC.
Second el. ON lundr 'grove'; cf. boscus de Tolleslond 1245 PNHu
273.
Leightonstone M.
Consists of the western part of the county, W. of Toseland and Hur
stingstone hds and S. of Normancross hd, including in the north the pars of
Alconbury, Alconbury Weston, Upton, Coppingford and Gt, Lt and Steeple
Gidding.
Lest1me, Lestone, Delestvne hvnd'; Lestunestan, Lectunestan,
Lectunestane 1086 DB, Lehtunestan hdr' (var. Lectunestaneshdr')1163, Legtonestan hundr' 1168, Lectunestanhundr' 1175, Leoctone
stanhundredum 1176, 1188, 1193, Lectonistanhundredum 1179,
Leochtonestonhundredum 1180, Leochtonestanhundredum, 1183 P,
Lectonestanhundredum 1185 P, 1190 (c. 1225) Reg Ant, Leitone
sted' 1185 Rot Dom, Leitonestanhundredum 1195 P, Leytthonestan
1220 Fees, Wapent' de Lehtonestan 1228 Ass 341 m 1, Lechtone
stann' 1242 P, Leghtonston' 1261 Ass 343 m 12, Leytuneston 1265
Misc, 1295 BM, Lectoneston 1276 RH, 1285 FA, Leghtanstan 1286
Ass 345 m 27, Leyghtoneston 1291 Abbr, 1327 SR 122/4, Leytone
stone 1303 FA, Leghtonstone 1332 SR 122/5, 1364 Cl. - The
hundred is named from LEIGHTONSTONE, a stone (still extant) just
S. of Leighton Bromswold (marked on Emmanuel Bowen's Large
English Atlas, 1750) where the meetings of the hundred were
held. - The hundred-name is composed of the name of LEIGHTON
(Bromswold) and OE sUin, meaning 'the stone near Leighton' or
the like. For other similar names see above p. XXXVII. LEIGHTON
BROMSWOLD is: Lestona (var. Lectona) 1070-87 Reg Ant, Lectone
1086 DB, Lestunam (var. Lectunarn) 1090 (c. 1225) Reg Ant,
Lectona 1130 P (p), 1135-::-53, 1146 (c. 1225) Reg Ant, Lehtona
1191-5 Reg Ant, Lehton' 1203-5 Reg Ant, 1228 Ass 341 m 1
I
112
- - ~ ~ - - _.
O. S. AndersonThe English Hundred-Names 113
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(p), Lecton' 1208 Ch, 1212 Cur, 1229 Cl, 12-12 P, Letton 1231,
Leghton 1253 FF, Lechton in Brunneswaud 1249 Gross, Letton'
ecclesia super Bruneslwld 1254 Norwich, Lehton super Brunnes
wald 1263 Grav, Leghton' super Brouneswald' 1286 QW, Leghton
in Bruneswold 1343, Leyghtonbrouneswold 1369 Pat. It is from
OE leactiin 'kitchen-garden' according to the authors of PNHu,bu t the possibility of derivation from OE *le(a)htun 'clearing
farm' should also be taken into consideration. OE le(a)ctiin is
recorded in that form only in the compound lectunesward 'gardener';
the regular OE form is lehtun (v. BT s. v., also NED s. v. leighton).
Lectiin had clearly become lehtiin already in OE, consequently it
is impossible to decide from ME forms alone if a PN like the
one under discussion should be derived from OE le(a)htiin 'a
ga,rden' or from OE *le(a)htiin a 'clearing-farm'. It seems to me
that in PNs generally the latter derivation is more plausible. As
regards Leighton Bromswold, the fact that the village is in an
old forest district seems to tell in favour of the latter' alternative.
The addition Bromswold is noteworthy; it was the name of aforest covering the western part of Hunts and the adjoining part
of Northants (v. P ~ 1 N p XVI and 193 f.). - The frequent -ct- of
the early forms is the common ME rendering of the combination
[Xt]; the -eo- of some Pipe roll forms is no doubt an inverted
spelling for -eo.
Normancross bd.Includes the northern part of the county W. of Hurstingstone hd and
N. of Leightonstone hd.(of) {Jam twam hundredurn pe seclEo into Normannes eros 963
-8 4 (c. 1200) BCS 1128, Noromannes eros hundred 1121 (s. a.
963) ASC(E), Normanecros, Normanescros 1086 DB, Normanero.'l
Wm Il, Stephen, By II (c. 1 3 0 ~ 2 5 ) Thorney f. 8, 9d, 10d, 1261
Ass 343 m 9, 1265 Misc, 1276 RH, 1292 Ipm, 1303 FA, 1327 SR122(4, Normanneseros 1152-4 (1314) Ch, Norrnanneeroshdr' 1160,
1166, Norrnanneseroshundr' 1168, 1185, Nordmanneseroshund
redum 1183 P, Normanneeros 1215 Ch, 1228 Ass 341 m ld ,
]\'!orthrnanneeros 1220 Fees, Normaneseros 1 ~ 6 1 Ass 343 m 11,
Northmannescros 1329 QW, Normancrosse 1364 Cl. - From ON
norrJmaor, either the appellative or the pn (Bjorkman ZEN 64)
and ON kross 'cross'. The hundred is named from NORMAN CROSS
on Ermine Street at the point where it is crossed by the road from
Folksworth to Yaxley, a mile and a half SW. of Yaxley village.
It is now the name of a hamlet (Barth). This part of the Ermine
Street is sometimes called Norman Cross Way on old maps.
According to Morton 1 it was called Norman-Ga,te at Castor (Np) . .
~ No further reference to the hundred as a 'double hundred' has
been met with.
Norlhamptonshire.
Northamptonshire is now divided into twenty hundreds, but the mo
dern hundred-division is the result of extensive rearrangement and com
bination of hundreds. In Domesday no less than twenty-nine hundreds are
mentioned, apart from Witchley hd, which was included in Northants in IDomesday, but is now in Rutland. Of the nine additional hundreds eight
were combined with other hundreds in the course of the 12th and 13th
centuries; one of the hundreds mentioned in Domesday, that of Geritone,
has not been met with elsewhere; it is mentioned only once in the text (L I220a, in the descript ion of land belonging to the manor of Finedon), and
has not been identified (Geritone = Gretton, Corby hd?). A hundred called
Ectonhundredum is mentioned in 1183 P, of which nothing further seems to
be known (from Etton, Nassaborough hd?)! The hundreds are fairly uniform in extent; they are generally largest in the north-west, in the district
of Rockingham Forest. They are mostly compact and regular in shape, but
Higham Fcrrers hd, for instance, includes the narrow strip of land E. of
the Nene; Polebrook and Towcester hds are also straggling and irregular.
The former has part of its area detached, as have also Hnxloe, Greens Norton
and Warden hds. The hundreds in the east of the county are arranged on
either side of the Nene; there are also some other cases where hundreds are
separated by riv ers; Watlin g Street, which passes through the southern
part of the county, has been made the boundary of the hundreds on either
side of it, but otherwise no natural boundaries can now be traced. Northamp
tonshire belonged to the Danelaw as regards the part that is N. of Watling
Street, and especially in the north of the county there is considerable
Scandinavian influence on the place-nomenclature. There are also one or
two hundred-names of Scandinavian origin, but the hundred-organisation
as a whole is that of southern England. The term wapcntake, characteristic
of the northern Danelaw, is met with once, however, Nassaborough hundred
being so termed, alternating with hundred, in 'Domesday.~ - - ~ -
1 The Natural History of Northamptonshire, London 1712, p. 502.
• hund' in: 'hund' Norht', Stauntord' etc. RH II 5a, is an error of
transcription for MS Nund' (with a capital n) = nundinw and its cases,
referring to the markets of Northampton etc. The indexer made bad worse.
by extending it into Hundr', thus creating a string of highly peculiar
'hundreds' .
8
1
114 115
tO. S. Anderson The English Hundred Namesi
"1Nassaborough bd.Consists of the NE. corner of the county, between the Nene and the
Welland, bordering on Willybrook hd in the west, where it includes the
that the two hundreds at Dieon mentioned above were named
from this dyke, as assumed in PNNp 223. Th e hundred is also
sometimes later named from the dyke itself, as: the hd ot Lange-
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pars of Wansford, Thornhaugh, Wittering and Wothorpe.t
From early times the Abbey of Peterborough was in possession
of a district in the north of the county, said to consist of eight
hundreds (cf. ASC (E) s. a. 963: a charter of King Edgar granting
to the Abbey . . . pone tun pc man cleopao Vndela rnid eall llet
pfEr to lid pet is pet rnan cleopedEahte
hundred). These eighthundreds seem to have been split up into minor groups of hund
reds. In BCS 1130 (A. D. 972-92) are mentioned: (on) pe re III hund-
red (gewytnesse) eet Wydrede crosse (OE *Wigpryp; v. Zachrisson,
StNPh VI 77); (on) perm preora hundrede (gewytnesse) into
Undelurn (Oundle); (on) [Jeere twegera hundreda (gewitnesse) eel
Dieon. The two last-mentioned hundreds are no doubt identical
with the later hundred of Nassaborough. - In the 11th c e ~ t u r y it was called: pas twa hundred to Uptune grene 1066-75 (e. 1200)
Geld Roll, Opton(e)gren hd', Optone hvnd', Optonegrave TVap'
1086 DB. The first part of the name is the name of the viI. of
UPTON, 5 m. W. of Peterborough: Uptun 948 (c. 1200), on Uptune,
Optune 972-92 (c. 1200) BCS 871, 1130, Huptun' late Hy2 NRS
IV, Vppetona 1175, Vpton' 1180, Vpeton' 11\10 P, Opton' 1199Cur II, Upton' 1225 Cl; - f rom OE ftp and tun, referring to its
position on 'the slope, rising northward from the valley of the
Nene' (VHNp II 473). - Th e latter part is OE grene, apparently
used as a noun as in 'village green', a meaning no t on record in
literature before 1300 (Havelok; it is found in PNs in the 13th
cent., v. PNBeds, passim; in a different sense it was used as a
noun already in OE). For similar hundred-names, sec above p.
XXXVII. - 'Upton Green' may have been in the north of the parish,
for later the court of the hundred was held at LANGDYKE BUSH
(6"; called rnarnan (i. e. rneenan?) llorn in BCS 871, v. PNNp 228
note), at the junction of the pars of Upton, Ufford, Helpston and
Ailsworth, where the road from Peterborough to Stamford crosses
the Roman road from Castor! Langdyke is the name of the latter
of these roads, a branch of Ermine Street, and it seems likely
1 I t is also called Nassaborough or Peterborough Liberty, or The Soke
of Peterborough.• John Bridges, The History and Antiquities of Northamptonshire.
Oxford 1791, II 488.
dy k 1305, of Langdyk U8 9 Ipm; cL also PNNp 214.
From the 12th centnry onwards, the name of the hundred is:
the two Ms de Nasso 12 NpS, (de) 11 hundredis de Nesse de Bure
1182 P, (de) dllobus hw/dr' de Nassoburg'i 1200 Ch, lhtndredum
de Nesteburg 1203 P 49, Nasslls Burgi 1220 Fees, 1276 RH, (de)
Neste Burgo 1232 Ass 614A m 1, (de) ,Vasso 1301 Cl, (de) NassoBurgi 1316, Nassaburgo 1 ~ 4 6 FA. The two hundreds are also
mentioned in: (of) pam tWGrn hundredum ute on !Iam nesse pe
Medeshamstede onstent 963-84 (c. 1200) BCS 1128, where the
reference 'is to the district included in the hundr ed; the d istrict IS
also meant in: Nes de BUTe 1180, (de) Nesso 13urgi 1190 1', 1215
Pat, Nesto burgi 1218 Cl, IVasto de BUTg' 1221 Cl, 1242 Fine, (in)
Nasso Burgi 1228 Pat, Nest' de B1Irgo 1237 Cl. - The name
means 'the head-land of Peterborough', the latter part being the
medieval name of Peterborough (Medeshamstedi c. 730 (8) Bede,
Buruh 963--75 (c.1200) BCS 1131, Burh 972-92 (c. 1200) BCS
1130, 1050 ASC(C), Bureh Saneto Petro 1060 (c. 1200) Thorpe
385, (de) Burgo Saneti Petri 1216 Pat, Petreburgh 1333 Cl, Peter-
burgh (p) 1345 Pat; v. PNNp 224). The first part is OE ncess
'headland'; the early e-forms may be due to Norman influence,
and to some extent to influence from ON nes. The hundred-name
mostly appears in a Latinised form, and there are indications
that this form was actually in living use. The forms Nesteburg,
Neste Burgo must be due to ul1voicing of the d of de after s in
the form Ness (Nass) de Burgo; afterwards Nesteburg, *Nasteburg
was wrongly divided up into Nest (Nast) de 8urgo, and with fur
ther Latinising (de) IVesto (Nasto) de Burgo. For a similar case,
cf. Boroughbridge above p. 21. Nassaborough was doubtless, as
suggested already by Bridges (1. c.), a name applied to the whole
district from its situation between the Nene and the Welland,
stretching out into the fen di.otrict in the form of a promontory;cf. Ness Li, Amounderness La and Holderness YER.
Willybrook bd.
W. of Nassaborough hd, including in the west the pars of Duddington,
King's Cliffe and Southwick, and in the south those of Glapthom, Cotter
stock, Tansor and Lutton. The pa r of Warmington is in Polebrook hd,_
117116 O. S. Andcrson
Wilebroce hundred 1066--75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Wilebroc,
Wilibroc, }Valebroc (1) 1086 DB, T-Villebrochllndredum 1180 P.
Wilebroc 1185 Rot Dom, 1199 P, Wylebrok 12 NpS, 1253 Ass
The English Hundred-Names
north the pars of Kettering, Warkton, Grafton Underwood, Slipton, Sud
borough and Aldwincle; also the par of Denford to the east of the Nene,
and, detached, Barnwell All Saints and Lilford cum Wigsthor pe. In
Domesday only the NE. part of the present hundred, includ"ing Twywell,
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615 m 10, 1276 RH, Wilibroc 1202 Ass, 1224 Cl, 1252 Misc, Wily
broc 1220 Fees, Wilibrok 1247 Fees, 1285 Ass 619 m 83d, 134H
Ipm, Welybrok 1316 FA, lFellebrok 1322 Ipm, Willibroke 1346
FA. - The hundred is named from the WILLOW BROOK (Bridges
op. cit. II 423), a small stream that rises W. of Corby and runs
past King's Cliffe to the Nene! From OE *1.l'ilig, welig 'willow'(cf. NED s. v. willow, EPN s. v, welig, wylig ) and OE bri5c
'stream'.
Polebrook hd,
S. of Willybrook hd, including the par of Benefield in the west, and
those of Barnwell St Andrew and Thurning in thc south. Warmin gton is a
detached part of this hundred.
Pocabroc hundred 1066--75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Pochebroc
Hvnd' 1086 DB, Pokebroch'hundredum 1182 P, Pokebroc 12
NpS, 1265 Misc, Hundredurn de Pokebrok' 1247 Fees, de Pokebrok
1276 RH, de POlebroke 1316, de Pokesbroke 1412 FA, Pokebroke
hd 1535 VE, 1539 LP.The name is taken from that of the vi!. of POLEBROOK, 2 m. SE. of
Oundle on a small tributary of the Nene: l'ochebroc 1086 DB, 1166 P (p),
l'occhebroc 1147 Mon VI 80 (copy), l'ockebroc 1203 Ass, Pokebroc 1205
Cur, 1227 Ch, 1232 WellsR, Pokbrok 1229 Cl, Pokebrock' 1254 Norwich,
Pokebrok 1285 Pat; Polebroc 1254 Seld 13, Polbrok 1316, Polebroke, Poke
broke 1428 FA.
The first el. is probably identical with OE pohha, pocca 'bag'
(cf. Torp 219, Holthausen s. v, and PNBeds 176 f.), either used
in some topographical sense, or as a pn (cf. Redin 77); the Geld
Roll form may tell in favour of the former alternative. Less likely
from OE pUca 'goblin' (PNNp), as no form, not even the Geld
Roll one, shows the u to be expected.
Navisford hd, Huxloe hd,
These two hundreds are S. of Polebrook and Corby hds, the former
mainly east, the latter west of the Nene. Nav isIord hd includes the pars oI
Stoke Doyle, Pilton, Wadenhoe, Thorpe Achurch, Clapton, Titchmarsh and
Thrapst on. Huxloe. hd is between the Nene and the lse, including in the
1 The hundred-court seems to have been held at King's CliIIe in the
14th century (v. VHNp II 542 note 6), whence the hundred is called the hd
of Clyve 1290 Ipm.
Islip, Slipton, Lowick, Sudborough, Aldwincle, and the detached pars of
Barnwell and Lilford, is stated to belong to Huxloe hd; the rest of the
hundred was known as North and South Neveslvnd hd.
Neresforda hundred 1066--75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Nar(r)ei5
ford 1086 DB, Nauenesfordhundredum 1180 P, Nauesford 12 NpS,
Nauesford' 1202 Ass, 1247, 1253 Ass 614B m 38, 615 m 15rl,
Naveresford' 1220, Nwrisford' 1242 Fees, Navesford 1265 Mise,
1285 Chron Petrob, Na1'esforde 132H QW, 1539 LP.
This name should be considered together with that of the
Domesday 'hd of Nev('slvnd: Nauereslund twa hundred 1066--75
(c. 1200) Geld Roll, Neveslvnd 1086 DB, North- S u t h n a ~ ~ e s l u n t 12 NpS, Nornaueslond, Sudnaweslond 1202 Ass, Nord- Sudnaves
lund 1220, North- Suthnaveslond' 1242 Fees, North- Suthnaues
lund 1247 Ass 614B il l 36, Hundr'm de Suthnaueslund' et North
laueslunrl' 1253 Ass 615 m 15d, North- Southnaveslound 1329 QW;
- and, as discovered by the editors of PNNp, with the name of
(andlang) Nafrysbroce 1013 (14) Thorney IV (15), a small stream
forming the southern boundary of Twywell pa r and falling intothe Nene near Thrapston. The site of Neveslvnd is unknown, but
N ~ ' : ; " f o r d is preserved in the name of two fields in Titehmarsh,
just W. of Thorpe sta., about three miles NE. of Nafrysbroc
(pNNp 216). Neveslvnd is dearly of Scandinavian origin, its
second el. being ON lundr 'grove'; the first el. is taken in PNNp
(I. c.) to be ON Nafarr pn; Na;rysbroc was probably named from
the same man. The early forms of Navisford are conflicting and
difficult to judge of, and it seems more doubtful if it can be of
the same origin; cf., however, PNNp I. c.
Hoches hlawa hundred 1066--73 (e. 1200) Geld Roll, Hocheslau
1086 DB, Hochelai 1161, Hokeslawahundredum 1188 P, Hockes
lawe 1185 Rot Dom, Hokeslawe 12 NpS, 1202 Ass, 1242 Fees,
1253 Ass 615 m 7d, 1276 RH, 1329 QW, Hoggeslawe 1247 Ass614B m 36, Hokislawe 1265 Mise, llokeslowe 1281 Ipm, 1316 FA,
1336 SR 155/5, 1412 FA, 1539 LP, Howkeslawe 1285 Chron Petrob,
Howkeslowe 1535 VE. - OE Hoc pI! (Redin 20, and references)
and hliiw 'hill, mound'. The name survives in a field called
HuxLOw on the Dray ton estate in Lowick, and in Huxloe Field
I
'"118 O. S. Anderson
(1801) in Islip (PNNp 177), and according to Bridges (op. ch.
II 24&) the 'statutes' used to be held at a place called Huxlow
The English Hundred-Names 119
Clipston, Sibbertoft and Sulby. The western part of the hundred, including
the pars of Gt Oxendon, Kelmarsh and Maidwell, and the pars west of
these, formed a separate hundred till about the middle of the 13th century,
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Cross and Huxlow Furlong in the fields, about half a mile SE.
of Lowick church.
Corby bd.
In the north-west of the county, W. of WiJlybrook and Polebrook hds,
N. of Huxloe and Rothwell hds, including in the south the pars of Weekley,
Geddington, Newton, Gt Oakley, Wilbarston, Stoke Albany, Brampton Ashand Dingley. The western part of the hundred, including the pars of
Rockingham, Cottingham, Middleton, Wilbarston, and the pars W. of these
was formerly a separate hundred, known as Stoke (Albany) hd.
Stoce hundred 106li----75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Stock(e), Stoc M'1086 DB, Bundredum de Stokes 1185 Ro t Dom. 12 NpS, 1220
Fees, de Stok' 1202 Ass, hundreda de '" Stoke 1246 Seld 13.The hundred is named from the viI. of STOKE ALBANY, 6 m. W. of Corby:
Stoche 1086 DB, Stoches Hy I (1333) Ch, Stoch' 1156, Stoch' Willelmi de
Albinni 1167 P, Stokes 1154--3 (1235), Estokes 1201 Ch, Stok' 1209 Fees,
1233 Cl, Stok' Daubeny (p) 1249 Gross, Stole Aubeney ]25-1 Norwich.
OE stoc 'place', of uncertain origin; cf. BT, E P ~ , Holthausen
s. v., NED s. v. stoke sb'. The addition Albany is from William
de Albinni, the one-time owner of the place (cf. the 1167 quota
tion). In PNNp 155 it is suggested that the meeting-place of thehundred was near a field in Wilbarston called Speller (oUm Spel
low) Close; cf. Spelhoe below p. 122.
Copebi hundred 10(1&-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Corbei, Corbi(e)
hd' 1086 DB, Corbihdr' 1162, Corebihdr' 1175, 1188 P, !Id of
Coreby 12 NpS, 1253 Ass 615 m 15, 1291 Cl, l lundredmn de Corb"i
1199 P, 1202 Ass, de Corby 1220 Fees, 1265 Mise, 1412 FA,
hundr'm de Correby 1276 RH, hd of Caresby 1293 Mise.The hundred is named from the manor of CORilY, to which it was ap
purtenant (cf. 1205 Ch p. 151a: Sciatis nos concessisse .. . Roberto de Brai
broc manerium de Coreby cum hundredis): Corbei 1086 DB, Corbi 1086 DB,
1130 P, Corebi 1167 P, Coreby 1205 Ch, 1252 Cl, Corby 1208 Ch.
ON Kori pn (OSw *Kori in PNE) and by r 'village'; v. Bjorkman
ZEN 57.
Rothwell hd.
On the Leicestershire border, S. of Corby and W. of Huxloe hds, On the
upper lse, bounded in the south by Guilsborough and Orlingbury hds, in
cluding in the east the pars of Rushton, Barford and G1endon, and in the
south those of Thorpe Malsor, Loddingto n, Draught on, ~ f a i d w e J l , Haselbech,
known as:
Stotfalde hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Stodfald(e) ,
Stotfald, Stofald(e) 1086 DB, Stotfolde 12 NpS, Stofald 1199 P,
Stodfald' 1202 Ass, Stotfald 1220 Fees, Stodfold 1232 Ass 614A,
1246 Seld 13, Stodfold' 1253 Ass 1)15 m 15, Stotfold 1276 RH,l
1329 QW. - OEstodfald
'stud-enclosure',usually
referring10
an eart,h-work used as or resembling such; ef. IPN 150 H., VHY
II 62 f. The hundred may be named from the locality called
Stodfold E I BM in Clipston.z
lloi'Jewelle hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Rodewel(le)
hd' 1086 DB, Bdr' de R01vell' 1156 P, 1202 Ass, 1247 Fees,
Rowellehundredmn 1179 P, hd of Rowell 12 NpS, 1284 FA, Hund-
reduJIl de Rothewelle 1285 Ass n1H II I (j;').
The hundred is named from the town of ROTmvELL: Rodewelle 1086 DB,
Roewella 1152-73 Werb, Rowella 1185 P, Rowell' 1188 P, 1254 Norwich,
Rou;ell 12 NpS, 1221 WellsR, 1274 Fine, Rouwelle 1210--12 RBE, 1274 Ipm
(-well); Rothewell' 1238 Cl, Rothewell 1284 Pat.
The first el. of the group of PNs to which Rothwell belong:::
is explained by Professor Ekwall (PNNp 118 f.) from OE *ro[1'clearing', recorded as Rode g25-39 BeS 737 (ROE GREEN Herts;
for further examples v. PNNp 1. c.), cognate with ON 1'00 .. 1'110,
OHG rod, OFris 1'Othe. Second el. OEwella 'spring'."
1 In RH II f. 13a the viii of Sibbertoft, which used to come to the
sheriff's turn of Stotford, is said to have had its suit withdrawn to the hd
of Rothwell 'tempore comitis Gilberti avi comitis qui nunc est'. This seems
to show the disintegration of the old hd of Stotfold.• In PNNp 121 it is suggested that the meeting-place of the hundred
was at MOOT HILL, 1 m. E. of Sibbertoft; but Bri dges (op. cit. I 575, II 31)
says that in this part of the county, near the source of the WeJland, are
several mounds of this kind, called 'moot·hills'; he mentions another near
(East) Farndon, an d it must remain uncertain whether these mounds of as
sembly were connected with the hundred·court.• Other names that belong here are RothwelJ Li, YWR, Rothley Le,
Nb; cf. also PNNp J. c.; the first e1. of one or more of these names has
been variously explained from ON rauar 'red' (Lindkvist 158); OE *HrOi)a
pn (Mawer PNNb); or ON roa, rut} 'clearing' (Zachrisson StMSp IX 134),
but none of these explanations satisfactory from all points of view.
-j
,i
i
12120 O. S. Andel'son
Guilsborough hd.
S. of Rothwell hd, on the Leicestersbire border, bounded on the west
by Watling Street, on the south by Nobottle Grove hd, and on the east by
Orlingbury bd, including in the south the pars of Long Buckby, W. Haddon,
The English Hundred·Names
Obl, 1248 Ch, 1284 Ipm, 1288 Fine, 1312 Cl, 1325 Ipm, Neuwe
botle (p) 1202 Ass, Neubothle 1205 Pap, Neubottell' 1255 Ipm;
Neubotlegrave (manor) 1322 Ipm; Neubottlefercrs 1329 Ass 632
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Coton and Hollowell, and in the east those of Gt Creaton, Cottesbrooke
and Naseby. Like Nobottle Grove hd to the south it counted as a hundred
and a half.
p::et oaer healfe hundred into Gildesburh 106H-75 (c. 1200)
Geld Roll, Gislebvrg hd' et dim id ' 1086 DB, Gilleburc 1161, GUde
burchundredum et dimidium 1186 P, hd of Gildesboru 12 NpS,Hundredum de Guildeburc 1199 P, hundredum de Gildesburc 1202
Ass, de Giltesburgh' 1220, de Gildeburg 1247 Fees, hd of Gildesbur
12H5 Mise, Hundred' de Gildesburgh' 1285 Ass H19 m 61d, de
Gilsburgh 1346 FA.The hundred is named from the viI. of GUlLSBOROUGH, 10 m. NW. of
Northampton: Gislebvrg 1086 DB, Gildesburc late 12th, Gildesburch J BM,
Gildebllrg 1212 RBE, Ghildebllrc 1218WellsL, Gildesburg' 1225 WellsR, 1254
Norwich, Geldeburg' 1242 Fees, Geldesbllr' 1290 Ipm, Gildesburgh 1303 BM.
First el. probably an OE pn *Gyldi, as assumed by Ekwall
(PPN 8) and Mawer (PNNp 71); second el. OE bIlrh, referring to
an encampment at the top of the hill on which the village stands
(Bridges op. cit. I 566).
Nobottle Grove hd.
S. of Guilsborough hd, W. of Northampton and Spelhoe hd, bounded on
the west by Watling Street, including the pars of Bugbrooke, Kislingbury
and Upton in the south, and in the east those of Duston and Church and
Chapel Brampton. Like the adjoining bd of Guilsborough it counted as a
hundred and a half.
aet oper healfe hundred into Neowbotle graue 1066-75 (c.
1200) Geld Roll, Niwebote, Nivebot, Niwebotle, Niwebold hd';
Nivebotlegrm'e, Niwebotlagrave, Nevbotlagrave 1086 DB, Newe
botlehdr' 1170, hU71dredum et dimidium de Newebotle 1182, .Veubot
legrauahundredum 1186, Niwebotlesgrauehundredum 1188, Neu'e
botlesgrauahundredum 1195 P, Neubotlegrave 12 NpS, 1250 Fees,
1347 Cl, Neubotlegrawc 1202 Ass, Newebotlegrave 1220 Fees,
Neubotelgrave 1249 Ipm, 1301 Pat, .Veubottlegrave 1284, Neubotlegrove 1316 FA. - The hundred-name is composed of the name
of the hamlet of NOBOTTLE in Brington par, and OE griif 'grove'.
Nobottle Grove is marked on the old 1" OS map just N. of
Nobottle (cf. also Harrow Hill PNNp 280). - Nobottle is: Nevbote
1086 DB, Neobotum 1166 RBE, Niewebotle 1189 P, Neubotle 1199
m 41 (-ferers is from the Ferrers family, owners of the place as
early as 1166); - from OE neowe and botl 'new building'; eL
Ekwall AB 28, 82 ff., esp. p. 85.
Orlingbury hd.
E. of Guilsborough, S. of Rothwell hds and W. of Huxloe hd, from
which it is separated by the lse, bordering on Spelhoe and lIamfordshoe
hds in the south, where it includes the pars of Brixworth, Walgrave, Han
nington, Hardwick and Gt Harrowden. The western part of the hundred,
including Hanging Houghton, Lamport, Faxton, Mawsley, Scaldwell, Old,
Walgrave and Brixworth, was formerly a separate hundred, known asMawsley hd. .
1I1ales le hundred 1066--75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Maleslea hd'
1086 DB, hd of Mallesl[e] 12 NpS, Mallesleahundredum 1182,
Malesleahundredum 1184, Meleslaihundredum 1186, Melesleahund
redum 1193 P, Hundredum de ?I'laleuesle, Malesleia 1202 Ass, l1und
redum de Malesle 1220, de Ordlingber' et 1l1alesl' 1247 Fees,
Hundr'm de Orlingberge et Malesl' 1253 Ass H15.
The name is derived from that of MAWSLEY, a parish in the NE. corner
of the hundred, in the 17th century a hamlet 'of one or two houses' (Bridges op. cit. II 96): Malesleia a 1185 BM, Malesle 1247 Ass 614B m 41 (p),
1248 Seld 13 (boscus), 1272 Pa t (wood), 1275 Cl (pl, 1284 FA, 1373 SR
155/25, 1I1aleslewode 1292 Pat, Mallesle 1293 AD III 359, 1325 Ipm, Malleslee
1387 BM.
The name should be taken with that of WITHMALE, c. 3 m. to
the south-east (Widmale 1086 DB, Wismalua (p) 1130, Wizmalua
(p) 1156 P, Wimalue 1220 Fees; further PNNp 129), as shown by
Professor Ekwall (v. PNNp 1. c.). The el. common to the two
names is explained from an OE *mealu, gen. *mealwes, cognate
with ON mQl, Sw mal 'stones, gravel', referring to an oolite ridge
on which the place was. Second el. OEleah 'clearing',
OrdlingbfRre hundred 1066--75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, OrdUn)baro
hd ' 1086 DB, Orniberihdr' 1166 P, hd of Orlingberge 12 NpS, 1253Ass 615, 1284 FA, hundredum de Ordlingber' 1220 Fees, hd of
Ordelyngberge 1293 Mise, Orlyngbere 1316, Orlyngbury 1428 FA.The hundred is named from the viI. of ORLINGBURY, 4 m. NW. of Welling
borough: Ordinbaro 1086 DB, Orlinberga (p) 1130, Orlimberg' (p) 1176 P,
Ordelinberg' (p) 1202 Ass, Horlinbere 1203, Ordi(n)bere 1207 Cur (p), Or-
lingber, Ordligeber' 12,12 Fees, Ordlingberg' 1254 Norwich.
I
O. S. Anderson22
First el. perhaps an -ingas-derivative of an OE pn *Ordla, a
diminutive of pns in Ord-, cf. PNNp 129. S econd el. probably
OE bearu 'grove'.
The English Hundred·Names 123
an d in PNNp 136 from OE *AndterhO pn. Names in Ean- are
very common in OE, whereas only two or three certain cases
of names in And- have been found. The only objection to the
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Spelhoe bd.S. of Orlingbury hd, E. of Nort.hampton and NObottIe Grove hd, from
which it is separated by a tributary of the Nene, N. of the Nene, including
in the north t.he pars of Spratton, Pitsford, and Moulton, and in the east,
bordering on Hamfordshoe hd, those of Overstone and Gt Billing.
I
Spelhoh hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Spelehov.Spelho, Spelehot, Sperehov, Spereholt 1086 DB, Spcleho 12 NpS,
Speleshohundredu1n 1186 P, Spelho 1185 Rot Dam, 1202 Ass, 1220
Fees, 1224 Cl, 1247 Ass 614B ID 41d, 1265 Mise, 1285 Cl, 1316 FA,
1365 Pat, 1412 FA, Spelholt 1275 RH, Spelowe 1354 Pat, Spel
lowe 1428 FA, Spelhoo 1531) "E . - OE *spell-hoh 'speech-hill';
eL spclstol1:e BCS 165, 882 and BT s. v., Spellow PNLa 115,
Spelthorn hd Mx (Gover 78), and PNNp passim; for the sense
of OE spell in these componnds there is a parallel in a passage
from DCS 591 (901-24; orig.), referring to an assembly: . . . oa
W : I ~ S ic oara manna sum oe O::Br to genemned W::Bran .. , oa reahte
heora <.egoer his spell . . . - For the Domesday forms cL Zach
risson ANlnfl 128, 151 note. The name survives in SPELHOE Bush,
half a mile N. of Weston Favell viI.; it is in the N. of the par,
on high ground with old tracks leading to it (v. Bridges op. cit.
I 400, Baker 1 I 5, PNNp 1 ; ~ 2 ) .
I1amfordsboe lid.E. of Spelhoe and S. of Orlingbllry hds, N. and W. of the ~ e n e , inclu
ding WeIlingborough in the NE.
Anfordes lw, Andueroes hnh hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld
Roll, Andferdesho, Ha111Jerdesho (1), Anl'esdesov (1) 1086 DB,
Anwardeshowap' 1175, As·wardeshohundredum. 1180 P, Anfordesho
12 NpS, 1220, 1247 Fees, 1285 Ass 615 m 71d, Amfordesho 1202
Ass, 1265 Mise (Amph-), 1313 lpm, Aunfordesho 1253 Ass 6 1 ~ ) m 10d, 1316 FA, 1325 Ipm, 1336 SR 155/5, 1348 Ipm, Andfordeshn
1276 RH, Hamfordesh 1284 Fit, Aumfordesho 1329 Ass 632 m Id ,1412 FA, Haumfordesho 1539, Alforde howe 1542 LP. - The
first el. is derived by Lindkvist (p. 171 f.) from OE Eanfer /1
(Eanfrio, Anfred; also in Eanferfies hlau (0) 956 BCS 945) pn;
1 G. Baker, History and Ant.iquities of the County of Northampton,
London 1822-30.
former alternative seems to be the Geld Roll forms in An- and
And-; but this is not decisive, and on the whole I think that
Lindkvist's derivation is to be preferred; the numerous ME forms
without a -d- do not seem to be in favour of derivation from a
pn in And-. Second el. OE hoh 'hill'. - - The Ilame is taken from
a conspicuous hill on the boundary of Earl's Barton amI MearsAshby pars, called Alfordes Hoo in 1565, where the hundred
court used to be held (PNNp I. c.).
Higbam. Ferrers bd.The narrow strip of land to the east of the Nene, N. and S. of Higham
Ferrers, including the pars of Ringstead and Rannds in the north, borde
ring on Hnxloe hd, and those of Wollaston, Strixton, Easton Mandit and
Bozeat in the south, bordering on Wymersley hd. Uke the latter hundred it
was regarded as a hundred and a half.
ooer healfe hundred into Ilehham 106G--75 (c. 1200) Geld
. Roll, Hecham hd' 1086 DB, hd and a half of Hecham 12 NpS,
hundredum et dimidium de Ilecltam 1180, Ilechamhundredwn et
dimidium 1186, hun.dredum et dimidium de Hegltam 1188 P,
Hundredum de Ilecham 1202 Ass, 1284 FA , ltundredum de Hechamde libertate manerii de Hecham 1248 Cl, hundr' de Heyghamferers
1329 QW, hd of Hegham Ferres liHil Pat.
The hundred is named from the manor of I I I G H A ~ 1 F E R R E R ~ , to which it
was appurtenant (cf. RBE 1166: Comes de Ferrariis tenet Hecham cum uno
hundredo et dimidio cum pertinentiis .. . p. 336): Hecham 1086 DB, 1164 P,
1205 Cl, Hehham 1156 P, Hegharn 1229 Cl, Hekham 1253 Ass 615 m 13d,
Heccham Ferrar' 1279 01.
OE *hehham 'high homestead'. 'The town stands high above
the Nene valley' (PNNp 191). For the distinctive addition v. the
RBE quotation.
Wymersley bd.
S. of t he Nene, SW. of Higham Ferrers hd, including in the west the
pars of Rothersthorpe, Milton and BIisworth, bordering on Nobottle GroveI and Towcester hds, and in the south those of Courteenhall, Quinton, Pid
dington and Horton, bordering on Cleley hd. - In the 11th century, and1
J apparently also for some time afterwards, the western part of this hundred,
said to include (in DB) Hardingstone, CotlrteenhaIl, B1isworth, Milton,
CoIlingtree and Rothersthorpe, but probably including also Wootton, was a
separate hundred called:
124 O. S. Anderson
Coltrewestan hd', Colestrev, Colentre1: hd ' 1086 DB, qlloddam
1I1lndr' vocatum Colyngtreston 1329 Ass 632 m flld. 1- This
name is composed of that of the viI. of COLLINGTREE, 3 m. S. of
The English Hundred·Names 125
Ipm, Cleyley 1346, Cleilley 1428 FA. - OE cliEg 'clay' (or
cliEig 'clayey') and le(a)h 'clearing'. The hundred meeting-place
was at CLELEY Well (Bridges I Hit); referred to as Clayliewel
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Northampton, and OE stan 'stone'; for other similar cases, and
for the variation between forms with and without -stan, see above
p. XXXVII. - Collingtree is; Colentrwu 1086 DB, Colintrie 1163 P,
1199 FF P (p), Colentreie 1199 Cur Il , Colentr' 1200 Cur, 1216 Cl,
Colintre 1201 Ch, 1295 Ipm, Colentre 1236 Fees, 1254 Norwich,
1587 BM, Colyntre 1241 Gross, Colyngtre 1315 Pat, Colyngetre
1322 Cl, Colyntreu (p) 1339 Pat, Colyngtrow 1358 BM, Colyn(g)
troughe 1367 Cl, Colingtrough 1390 Ipm. ~ First eI. probably
OE Cola pn (PNNp 145); second el. OE treo 'tree'.
p<Bt oaer healfe hundred into Wimereslea 1066--75 (c. 1200)
Geld Holl, Wimeresle, Wimereslea, Wimerlev, Winemereslea (1)
hd'; Wimareslea hd' et dimid' 1086 DB, Wimereslehundredwn
1180, Wimereslea hundredum et dimidium 1182, Winemereslea
hllndredum et dimidium 1183, h1mdl'edum et dimidium de Wime-
resleahundredum 1188 P, hd of IVymeresle 12 NpS, 1253 Ass
615 m 15, 1316 FA, 1337 Cl, Wirneresleia 1199 P, H'imeresle'
1202 Ass, 1220 Fees, Wymersle 1265 Mise, 1336 SR 155/5, 1348
Ipm,Wymerle
1276 HH,IVymersley
1346FA,
1539 LP. - OEWinemrer pn and le(a)h 'clearing'. The name is preserved in
WYMERSLEY Bush, the name of a field in Little H ( ~ u g h t o n par;
the spot is probably referred to as Motelowe 'hill of assembly'
in the 13th century, and it is no doubt the site of the hundred
meeting-place (v. PNNp 142),
Cleley hll.
The SE. corner of the county, S. of Wymersley htl, and E. of Towcester
and Greens Norton hds, including in the west the pars of Easton Neston,
Paulerspury and Potterspury.
Klegele hundred 1066--75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Clailei,
Claile(a), Claislea, Claiesle(a), Cailre (1) Cla1.'eslea (1), Claislvnd
(1) 1086 DB, Claela 1162 P, Cleile 1185 Hot Dom, Cleyle 12 NpS,
1220 Fees, 1265 Mise, 1284, 1316 FA, Glaile 1202 Ass, Clayl' 1235Cl, Cleyl' 1247 Fees, Cleyele 1276 HH, Cleyleye 1301, Chell' 1341
1 In the entry where this form occurs the jurors of Wymersley hd
present that Henry de Hastynges, who formerly held the hd of Wymersley
at farm of King Henry (Ill), had combined (attra.Tit) a certain hundred
called Colyngtreston with the hd of Wymersley.
feUd, Cleylyfeld t. Eliz PNNp 105; Cheley Well on the OS), half
a mile NE. of Potterspury near Watling Street, whence the hund
red is called hundr' de Pirie 1226 Cl. - The soil is clay here,
as may be inferred from the name of Potterspury; Bridges (I. c.)
says that 'the clay which is lIsed by the potters . . . lies so near
the surface that it is sometimes turned up by the plough'.
Towcester hd.
A district to the north and south of Towcester, including the pars of
Cold Higham, Pattishall, Gayton, Tiffield, Towcester and Abthorpe. In DB Ihe hundred is also made to include Wappenham, and in NpS also Whittle
bury, Evenley (partly) and Hinton in the Hedges.
into uyceste hundred 1 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Tovecestre
hd ' 1086 DB, hd of Toucestr[el 12 NpS, Hundredum de Thouecestria I1202 Ass, de 7'ouecestr' 1220 Fees, hd of Touuecestre 1265 Mise,
Hundredum de Toucestre 1316 FA.
Th e hundred is named from the town of TOWCESTER, on the rivcr Tove:
(Et Tofeceastre 921 ASC(A), Tovecestre 1086 DB, Touecestr' 1158 P, 1199
FF P (p), 1221 Cl, Thauecestr' 1207 Pat, Touecestre c. 1207 BM, Tuu(e)cestre
J AD Il, TOfcestre 1266 Pat.Explained by Professor Ekwall as a compound of the river
name TOVE and OE ceaster 'castle'; v. further ER N 414.
Greens Norton hd.
W. of Towcester hd, bounded on the south by Kings Sutton, on the west
by Chipping Warden, and on the north by Fawsley hds, including the parS Iof Greens Norton, Blakcsley, Bradden, Slapton, Woodend, vVeedon Lois,
Plump ton, Adstone, }'faidford, Canons Ashby, Moreton Pinkney, and, deta.
ched, Silverstone and Whittlebury. It corresponds to the Domesday hd ofFoxle. I
Voxle hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Fox(e)le(a),
Foxesle(a), Foxhela (1), FOJ:lev (:1), FO,Tcslav (1) hvnd' 1086 DB.
- It is named from the hamlet of FoXLEY, in the NE. corner of
Blakesley par, on the boundary of the hundred 2; Foxeslea 1086DB, Foxle 1100-28 Mon V 192 (copy), 1155-8 (1329) Ch, 1220
1 For into Touyceste by haplography; the y is an inverted spelling fore, cf. py for pe at the end of the text.
• According to Bridges, op. cil. I 234, it is partly in Fawsley and Tow.
cester hds; in DB it is returned under Towcester.
127
r
O. S. Anderson
I126
1 Fees, 1304 Ipm, Fnxleia Hy2 BM, Foxleya 12 NpS, Foxlea (p)
1190 P, Foxele 1230 P, 1316 FA (p); - - from OE fox(a) le(u)h
'fox elearing'.
Tbe English Hundred-Names
rolls the hundred is not mentioned in 13th century records,
though a reminiscence of it seems to have lingered on down into
the 14th century. It seems to have been always closely connected
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In the 12th century this name was exchanged for that of the
caput of the hundred: hd of .Vortnn 12 NpS, hundredum de
Norton' 1185 Rot Dom, 1220 Fees, 1276 RH, hundr'm de NOTton
Davy 1329 QW. The name is taken from that of the manor of
GREENS NORTON,to which the
hundredperta.ined (Baker, op. cit.n 1, states that the hundred was granted with the manor of
Norton to Baldwin de Betun temp. Richard 1; cf. also: fVillelmus
le Mareschal tenet maneriwn de Norton' s'imul cum hundredo isto
1258 Ass 615 m 2). For the various forms assumed by the PN
v. PNNp 42.'
Kings Sutton bd.Occupies the SW. corner of the county, S. of Greens Norton and Chip
ping Warden hds, including the pars of Thorpe Mandeville, Culworth,
Stutchbury, Helmdon, Astwell, Wappenham and Syresham in the north.
Greatworth is in Chipping Warden hd. - In the 11th century the NE. part
of the district, including Chacombe, Thorpe Mandeville, Marston SI, Law
rence, Steane, Evenley (partly) and the pars E. of these, fonned a separate
hundred known as:Eadboldes stowe hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Elbol
1 deston (for -stov), Elboldestov, Edboldestov, Edboldeston, Hole
boldest', Odboldestov, Otboldestol" Alboldest01' 1086 DB, Albode
st01lJe 12 NpS, Alboldestovhdr' 1157, Albodestohdr' 1159 et passim,
Ailbodistouhdr' 1175," Alewestohundredum 1193 P ; hundr' de
Sutto n et Abbotst owe sub nominacione humlredi de Sutton' 1329
Q.W; - OB Eadbald pn and stow 'place': Apart from the Pipe
1 In PNNp it is suggested that the hundred meeting-place was near
some fields called MODLEY Gate in Greens Norton, which may represent an
old moot-stow, but if so, it must remain uncertain whether it was associa
ted with the hundred-court.o Apart from these forms, which are in entries relating to new pleas,
the name occurs, in combination with that of Sutton hd, at the beginningof e,-ery roll at least down to 1242; it was copied from one roll on to the
other, and the spelling-variants that occur are of little interest (it is spelt
Abbodesiowe 1156 RBE, an d Abbotestan 1230, 1242 P).
3 The name has not survived, but Bridges says (op. cit. I 203) that
according to tradition the hundred-court used to be held in Gallows-field in
Stutchbury; but it seems doubtful if this can really have been the court for
this hundred, as it had been lost for several hundred years by nridges' time.
with Sutton hd, and v.-as apparently definitely combined with i.t
in the 13th century. Sutton hd sometimes appears as a double
hundred, which may refer to the combined hundreds.
Suttunes hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Svton(e),
Svdtone hd' 1086 DB, Sutton' . . . II hundr' 1156, Suttun hdr'
1157, Suttonehdr' 1166, Suttone 11 hundr' 1168, (de) II hundredisde Sutton' 1182 P, Duo hundr eda de Suttan ' 1185 Rot Dom,
1199 P, Hundredum de Sutton' 1220 Fees, de Sutton 1276 RH,
1316 FA, 1539 LP; hundredurn de Sutton Regis 1250 Cl.The name is derived from that of the manor of KINGS SUTTON, to which
the hundred was appurten:mt (cf. H. M. Cam EHR 47,357, and reference):
Sudtone, Sutone, Sui one 1086 DB, Suttun. e. 1190-1200 BM, Suttun Regis
1252 Ch, Kinges Sution 1294 Cl.
OE *sup-tiin 'south farm'; it was a royal manor already in
108(>'
Cbipping Warden M.
N. of Kings Sutton hd and W. of Greens Norton hd, Oil the Warwick
shire border, including in the east the pars of Byfield, Woodford cum mem
bris, Eydon, Chipping Warden and Edgcote. Sulgrave and Greatworth aredetached parts of this hundred.
Werdunes hundret 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Wardone,
Ward-vne, Wamdone, Waredon(e) hvnd' 1086 DB, hundredum de
Wardon' 1179 P, 1220 Fees, Wardlln'hundrcdllm 1180 P, hd of
Wardon 12 NpS, 1276 RH, 1316 FA, hundr'm de West Wardon
1329 QW, manor and hd of West lVardon a1. Chepyng Wardon
1486 Ipm.The hundred is named from the manor of CHIPPING WARDEN, to which it
was appurtenant (cf. Walterus L.edet et .. , a tempore quo non extat memo
ria seisiti fuemot de predicto hundredo in manerio de West Wardon' QW
574; also Ipm VII 423): Waredone 1086 DB, Wardon 1163 BM, Wardon' 1203
Cur, Wardun' 1222 Fine, WestlJ'ardon"--1,242 Fees, Chepyngwardon 1387 nM.
OE *weard-di1n 'watch hill', referring to Warden Hill, a mile
NE. of the viI. of Chipping Warden; v. PNNp 36.
Fawsley bd.W. of Watling Street on th e Warwickshire border, N. of Chipping
Warden and Greens Norton hds. The modern hd corresponds to the 11th
century hundreds of Alwardeslea and Gravesende. The former consisted of
the northern part of the present hundred, the latter of th e southern part.
129I128 o. S. Andersonf
The English Hundred-Names
The boundary between them is somewhat uncertai n. According to the NpS,
Gravesende included only Catesby, Fawsley, Everdon and Weedon Beck,
and the places S. of these, but it must also have included at least Badby
(v. DB L 222b). Probably the boundary was more or less uncertain even
at t.his date. Towards the end of !he 12th cent.ury they were combined to
ridge near the junction of Faw8ley, Badhy and Everdon pars, and in land
still common to the pars of Badby and Newnham (op. ciL p. LII). It seems
very likely, therefore, that the thorn-tree which marked t.he meeting
place in 1247 may have stood near that spot, too. If , as suggested in PNNp
9, Mangrave and Gravesende are identical, the suggestion for the identi
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form one hundred.
Egelweardesle hundred 10G6-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Alwar
deslea, Al1:ratlev 1086 DB, Aylwoldesle 12 NpS, Aiwardeslea
1186, Halwardesleahund1'edum 1188, Ailwardeslea, Alwardesleahdr'
1189 P. - OE JEgelu'eard pn and le(a)h 'clearing'.!Grauesende hundred 106G----75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll, Graves
end (e) 1086 DB, Grat'eshende Falewesle 12 NpS, Grauesend'
hundredum 1186, Grauesendehundredum 1191 P. - OE grates
ende 'the border of the grove'. For ende = border cf. hoUes on
ende (BT Suppl s. v. ende)!
in Falewele et in hundredo, Falewel'hundredum 1193, Duo
hundreda de Falesleia 1199 P, Hundr' de Falgesl' 1215 Cl, Hund
redum de Falewesle 1220 Fees, 1256 Pat, 1316 FA, hundredum
de Falewel' 1234, de Falelheleg' 1246 Cl, hd ot Falwesle 1265
Mise, Hundr'm de Faluwesle 1276 RH, de Fallesle 1428 FA.The name is taken from the manor of FAW8LEY, t.o which the hundreds
belonged (cf. t.erram .. . in Falgesleg' et Trap' cum omnibus pertinentiis
suis et cum Hundr' de Falgesl' 1215 Cl; in Domesday the sake over a largepart of the hundred (the manors of Braunston, Everdon, Staverton, Dodford
and Farthingst.one) is stated to belong to l<'awsley): (to) Fealuwes lea
944 BCS 792, Falelav, Felesleuue, Felveslea, Faleuuesle(i) Falewesleie,
Feleuuesleie 1086 DB, F(e)aleweslea 1107-11 NRS IV, Falewe(s)lea 1167L
P, Falewesle 1202 Ass, Faleuwesl' 1218 WellsL; v. PNBk 175, PNNp 23 .
In the 13th century the courts of the hundred were held at a thorn-tree in
Newnham; cf.: Hundr' Domini Regis (Fawsley hd) solebat teneri ad spinam
de Newenham et predictus Abbas (the Abbot of Evesham) modo non per
mittit illud ibo teneri 1247 Ass 614B m 47d.' Later they are said to have
been held under a large beech-tree called Mangrave in Fawsley Park
(PNNp 9). The exact site of the t.ree has been fixed as being on a high
1 There does not seem to be any reason to doubt the genuineness of
the Geld Roll form; it is perhaps worth noticing that the interchange of
forms in Ail- and Al- is also found in a name like Albodestov (above; fromOE Eadbald), which lessens its value as a criterion.
• It is tempting to think that p(£s grates ende BCS 792, a boundary
mark to the north of Badby, may represent the meeting-place of the hundred,
though it ma y of course be a mere coincidence. The later meeting-place of
Fawsley hd is about two miles farther south.
, Quoted by Miss Cam, The Hundred and the Hundred Rolls, p. 172.
fication of the latter made on the previous page must probably be abando
ned.
Rutland.
This small county now contains five hundreds: East, Wrangdike, Alstoe,Martinsley and Oakham-soke hds. In 1086 its area was still smaller than
at present, its eastern portion, corresponding to the modern East and
Wrangdike hds, being then included in Northants. The remaining part of
the county :was divided into two wapentakes in 1086, the present Oakham
soke hd being of late origin. The Northamptonshire portion of the county
is called the hundred or wapentake of Wiceslea in DB; later the district
contained two hundreds (in the Geld Roll it is also divided into two parts,
east and west, corresponding to the later hundreds). For a full account
of the Domesday organisation of the county, v. VHRu I 121- -36. The'
two western wapentakes, Alstoe and Martinsley, were of the same size,
but the hd of Wiceslea was very long and irregular in shape, which may
be the reason for its being split up into two hundreds.
East bd. Wrangdike bd.
These two hundreds occupy the SE. part of the county on the Welland. East hd consists of the eastern (or northern) part of the district,
including Empingham and Ketton, and the pars E. of these; Wrangdike
hd consists of its western part, including the pars of North Luffenham,
Pilton, Glaston, Bisbrooke, Liddington and Stoke Dry in the north. The
district corresponds to the 11th century hd of: Iwicceslea east, west hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll,
Wice(s)lea Wapent', Wicesle Hvnd', Wiceslea hd' (Wap' in the
margin) 1086 DB. -The hundred was named from WITCIILEY Heath,
in its centre, on the boundary of Ketton and Edith Weston pars
(also called Witchley Common in J. Cary's map 1787; Witchley
Warren Farm and Spinney (6") are on the modern map near the
1 The county seems to be referred to as Rotelande Wapentach 1168
P; at first sight, this might seem to bear out Professor Stenton's suggestion (VHRu I 136 note 30) that the county originated as a wapentake, but
the entry is probably too late to be of any value in this respect; the com
parison with the names of Framland and Aveland waps which seems to
have suggested this explanation is not quite to the point, as these are
Scand. names (ending in lund). A different view of the original status
of the county is taken by Professor Ekwall (StNPh II 36 L).
9
I
130 O. S. Anderson
E. boundary of Edith Weston par): wasto de Wieheslea 1185 P,
Whieehele 1299 Seld 13, (waste . . . called) Wyehele in Edithe
Weston 1310 Pat, lVicheley Heath 1610 Speed. - First el. probably
an OE pn *Hwieee, derived from the tribal name Hwieee; cf.
,
The English Hundred·Names 131
ltlartinsley bd.
S. of Alstoe and W. of Wrangdike hds, including the pars of Hamble
ton, Normanton, Edith Weston, Lyndon, Manton, Wing, Preston, Rid
lington, Ayston, Uppingham and Martinsthorpe. It origina.lly included all the
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PNWo XV; Karh,trom 86, StNPh I 136; PNNp 152 s. n. Whiston;
also WHISSENDINE Ru (Wichin.qedene 1086 DB, Wissendena 1176
P, Wicsinden' 1212 Cur, fVissenden 1241 FFLi), 10 m. to the
north-west?
(Hwicceslea) east hundred 1066-75 (c. 1200) Geld Roll,Esthdr' 1166, 1187 P, 1202 Ass (Np), 1263 Ass 721 m 10 (Hund
redum de), 1265 Mise, 1275 RH, 1301 Cl (hd of), 1316 FA.
The simplest way of explaining the name seems to be that
suggested above. The two parts of Hwieeeslea hd may have been
called simply East and West hd for shortness' sake. Easthundred
survived but *Westhundred got a new name. Cf., howev er, VHRu
I, 125 note 10, where the identity of the modern East hd with the
11th century 111IJieeeslea east is doubted for reasons of assessment.
I
Wrangediehhdr' 1166, Wrongediehhundr' 1168, 1176 P,
IVrangedieh eal'ly 13th NRS IV, Wrongedik 1257 Ipm, 1263 Ass
721 m 9, 1265 Mise, 1286 QW, Wrangedik 1275 RH, 1327 SR
165/3, Wmngedyk1286 Ass 722 m 10, Wronggedik' 1296 SR 165/1,
Wrangdik 1300, (a hundred called) Le Wrondik 1315 Ipm, Wrang dyke 1344 Pat, Wrangdyk 1370 Cl, Wrangdiehe 1396, Wrandyk
1401 Ipm. - ON (v)rangr and dik 'crooked dyke' (= road? Cf.
Langdyke above p. 114), bu t the site of the place is lost. Wrang
is commOn in field-names (cf. e. g. PNNp 266 f.).
AIstoe bd.
The NW. part of the county, including in the east the pars of Stretton,
Greetham and Horn, and in the south those of Whitwell, Exton, Burley,
Ashwell and Whissendine.
Alfnodestov Wapentac 1086 DB, Alnestowa 1183, Alnesto
wapentaeum 1184, Alnodestouhundredum 1195 P, Hundr'm de
Alnathestowe 1263, 1286 Ass 721 m 13, 722 m 10, Alnastowe
1263 Ass 721 m 12, 1296 SR 165/1, Alnestowe 1276 RH, 1286 QW,
1300 Ipm, 1312 Pat, 1327 SR 165/3, Alstowe 1535 VE, - OE
JElfnop pn and stow 'place'. The name is taken from MOUNT
ALsToE (6"), a tumulus a mile NE. of Burley (Alstoe House is SE.
nf Mt AlstoeV
1 ALSTBORPE, the name of a lost place in Burley par, which must have
SW. part of the county, but the 'V. part of the district is now in Oakhamsoke bd.
Jlfartineslei(e) Wapentae 1086 DB, Martineslea Wap' 1169,
1201 P, 1202 Ass (Np) (Wapentacum de), Martinesleawapentaeum
1179, Martinesfeldwapentaeum 1187, llundredum de Martinesleia
1199 P, Hundr'm de Martinesle 1268 Ass 721 m 12, 1265 Mise,1276 RH, 1300 Ipm, 1816 Pat, 1327 SR 165/3. - OE Martin pn
(Searle) and le(a)h 'clearing'; ef. Martinscroft PNLa 96. The site
of the place is unknown, bu t it is doubtless to be associated with
:M:ARTlNSTlIORPE, a par 3 m. S. of Oakham, in the centre of the old
hundred: Martinestoeh' (p) 1176 P, Martinestorp' 1206 Cur (p),
1250 Cl, Martinstorp' 1254 Norwich, Thorp Martur (for -in?) 1259
Grav, Martinesthorp' 1263 Ass 721 m 12, Martinstok 1286 QW,
Martynesthorp 1315 Ipm; the second el. may be OE stoe 'place',
replaced by thorpe, or OE porp.
Oakham·soke hd includes the district W. of Martinsley hd, formerly
belonging to the latter hundred; also Clipston in the north of the county.
It is mentioned together with lIfa.rtinsley hd in 1428 FA (Hundreda de
Okeham cum Martyn[es]ley) and on Speed's map 1610 (Oukhamsook
Hundred), but otherwise I have found no references to it. It is apparently
the soke of Oa.kham made into a hundred, and of recent origin.
Warwickshire.
The old Warwickshire hundreds have undergone rearrangement and
amalgamation to a very great extent. At present the county is roughly
quartered, the partitions being known as Knightlow, Kington, Barlichway
and Hemlingford hds, but in 1086 Barlichway consisted of two, Knightlow
of three, and Kington of four or five hundreds. Most of the old hundreds
disappeared in the 12th century, but those of the present Knightlow hund
red seem to have been distinguished as 'Ieets' down to the 16th century.
Hemlingford was by far the largest of the old Warwickshire hundreds,
occupying the whole of the NW. quarter of the county; this may to some
been near Mount Alstoe (Speed (1610) marks the place some distance _
about a mile - NNE. of Bnrley), is of different origin. It is Alestanestorp 1086 DB, Alstanthorp 1282 Ipm, Alestantorp 1327 Ch; Alstorp 1202
Ass (Np) , AlesthoTp 1286 Ass 722 m 13, Alsthorpe juxta Burle 1399 Ipm;
first el. OE .tE1lstiin or Al (h)stiin.
~
132 133O. S. Anderson
extent be accounted for by its being partly an old forest region. The
early hundreds in the remaining part of the county were of the samc
order of extent, those of Knightlow hd being sliglItly larger than the rest,
those of Kington smallest. Some of the Domesday hundreds apparently
had parts of their areas detached (Pathlow, Fexhole, Berricestone), but on
The English Hundred·Names
Brinkelowe 1262 Ass 954 m 55, 1282 Ipm. - The same fi rst e1. is found in:
BRENKLEY and BRINKlll1RN Nb (Mawer); BRINKHURST and BRINKSOLE SXj
BRINKWORTH W (Brinkewroa 1065 KCD 817; v. Ekblom); BRINGSTY He
(Bannister); probably also BR1NKLEY HILL He (in Brockhampton; no early
forms. found); BRlNKLEY Ca (Brinkelai ?1177-94 France, Brinkele 1201
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the whole they seem to have been compaet and fairly regular in shape
(for an attempt at reconstructing the Domesday hundreds v. B. Walker,
The Hundreds oC Warwickshire, Antiquary 39; the hundredal rubrication
of DB is incomplete) . The river Avon was mostly chosen for a boundary
between the hundreds in the SE., and those in the NW. part of the county,
and the old Forest. of Arden must, in early days, have separated Hemlingford hd from the hundreds to the soutb and east. - Wixf or d is
treated as a separate hundred in RH, but this seems to have been due to
a mistake, v. QW 783.
Knightlow M.The E. part of the county, bordering in the west on Hemlingford and
in the south on Kington hds, including in the north the pars of Stretton
Baskerville, Burton Hastings, Bulkington, Bedworth, Astley and Arley; in
the west Exhall, Keresley, Allesley, Kenilworth and Leek Wootton; and
in the south Leamington, Whitnash, Harbury, Bishop's Itchington, Water
gall, Hodnell, Radhourn, Napton on the Hill and Wolfhampcote. In the
11th and 12th centuries the district was divided into three hundreds:
Brinklow (DB Bomelav) , Marton and Stoneleighj in the latter half of the
12th century these hundreds were replaced by tbe 'sbipsoke', later tbe hd,
of Knightlow, but they seem to have continued to exist down to the 16thcentury as separate units known as 'leets', and accordingly having sepa
rate courts. The boundaries of the early hundreds cannot be determined
with certainty from Domesday, but they were probably nearly identical
in area witb the later leets; the leet of Brinklow consisted of the NE.
part of the present hundred, N. of the Avon (also Long Lawford S. of the
Avon) including Keresley, Exhall, Foleshill, Shilton, Ansty, ?Oombefields
and Brinklow in the west. The leet of MlLrton was S. oC the Avon and E.
of Wolston, Stretton on Dunsmore, Wappenbury, Hunningham, Long It
chington, Southam, Ladbroke and Hodnell (inclusive). The leet of Stone
leigh included the western part oC t.he hundred consisting of the district
surrounding Ooventry, Stoncleigh and Kenilworth, but with a strip ex
tending southwards as "far as Bishop's Itchington.
Bomelav hd' 1086 DB, Brinkelawehdr' 1175, 1188, Brinkelawa
hundredum 1180, Hundredum de Brinkelewe 1195 P, Brinkelawe
1226-8 Feesj (Hundr' de Knygthelowe). Leta Brynkelowe in hundredo predicto 1327, Leet at Brinkelowe in hd ot Knythelowe
1332 SR, Leet ot Brinklow 16 BM.The Dame is derived from that oC the viI. of BRINKLOW, on the Fosse
Way, 5 1/. m. NW. of Rugby: Brinckelawe 1155-7 (1251) Ch, Brinchelawa
1174, 1180 P, Brinkrdulce 1201 Cur, 1218 Cl, 1221 Ass 950 m 6, 1298 rpm,
Obl, 1208 Cur, Brinkelay 1208 Cur, Brinkeleg 12fl3 FF); and probably in
BRINKHlLL Li (Brincle 1086 LiDB, 1200 Our, 1219 Fees, 1246 Gross, Brincla,
Brinche 1115-18 LiS, Brinkel c. 1150-60 DO (p), 1226 FF, 12f\4 Norwich,
1276 Ipm, Brinckell' 1212, Brinkil 1242 Fees, Brinkhil 1250 FFj second el.
probably OF. hyll; Cor the forms in -le, v. Harthill above p. 18; Streatfeild'sexplanation (from Da brink and kliJl) seems less likely).
The received explanation of the first el. of Brinklow and
similar names is from OE Brfjnca pn, a diminutive of BTun,
occurring twice in LVD; v. Mawer PNNb 31, EPN 9, IPN 179,
PNSx 11.5, 131; but it seems hardly likely that all the PNs
mentioned should contain this rare name. . As moreover all the
places 1 are on hills or slopes, is difficult to avoid the conclusion
that we have here an OE *brinc- 'hill, slope', cognate with ON
brekka 'steep slope', :MLG brink 'margin, hill, slope'; v. Torp 277'
- The second el. of Brinklow is OE hUiw 'hill, mound'. - The
DB form Bomelav is probably corrupt.
Mereton(e) hvnd' 1086 DB, Meretonehdr' 1175, Mereton'hund
redum 1180, 1191, Mareton'hundredum 1183, Mettonehundredum
1184, Mertonehundredum 1188 P; Leta Mertone in Hundr' Knyg
1327, Leet of Merton 1332 SE.The hundred is named from the vi1. of MARTON, at the junction of the
rivers Learn and Itchen: ?Mortone 1086 DB, Merton ?1151-7 France, 1231
Pat, 1302 Ipm, Mereton' 1206 Cur, Menon' 1235 Cl, 1262 Ass 954 m 54d,
Marton 1344 BM. ,Probably from OE *mere-tiln 'farm by the pool', though OE
(ge)mere 'boundary' is also possible for the first cL; v. Duignan.
Stanlei(e) hvnd' 1086 DB, Stenleahdr' 1175, Stanlegehundredum ,180, Stanleahundredum 1183, Stanlegahundredum 1188, Stanle/
hundredum 1191, Hundredum de Stanleg' 1195 P'; Leta Stonler!e
in Hundr' Knygth 1327, Leet of Stonleye in the lid of Knythelowe
1332 SR, Leet of Stanley 16 BM.1 I can make no statement as regards Brinkhurst Sx.
• The exishmce of an OE *brinc is assumed by Professor Zachrisson(StNPh V 61 note),
• Accor ding to Dugdale, Anti quities of Warwick shire (1730), I 2,
Hund' de Stunley is mentioned as late as 1279 in a Memoranda roll.
1
I
134 O. S. Anderson
The hundred is named from the viI. of STONELEIGH, on the river Sowe,
3 m. E. of Kenilworth: Stanlei 1086 DB, Stanleia juxta Coventreiam 1153
BM, Stanlea 1156, Stanlega 1157 P, Stanleia early Hy2 BM, Stanleg' 1203
Cur, Stanleya 1204 Ch, Stanlegh' 1227 Fees, Staneleg in Aerdern 1259,
Stonleye in Ardern 1286 Pat.
The English Hundl'ed-Names 135
century the Domesday hundreds were replaced by the 'shipsoke', later
the hundred, of Kington.
Tremelav, Tremeslav (1) 1086 DB, Tremelawahundredum 1180,
Tremlawehundredum 1188 f. P. CL (Richard de) Thrimelowe 1334
Misc (Th1'ymelowe 1334 Cl), apparently the name of a War
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I
OE stan and le(a)h 'stony clearing'; 'where the town stands
is rocky' (Dugdale). - The court for the manor of Stoneleigh
was held at MOTSLOW HILL (La Mostowe 1268 Ch), opposite the
village (Dugdale I 254).
Sipe Socha de Cnichtelawa 1170 P, Hundredum de Knictelawe
1221, 1232 Fees, Knichtelawe 1221 Ass 950 m 8, 1270 Pat,
Knyctelawe, Knitelawe 1247 Ass 952 m 32d, 36d, Knightelawe
ib. m 40, 1281 Pat, Knytelowe 1265 Misc, Knytelau'e 1272 Ipm,
Knygthelawe 1276 RH, Knygthelowe 1327, Knythelowe 1332 SR,
hd of Knyghtlowe Crosse 1495 Ipm. - OE cniht (or cnihta gen.
pI.) 'knight' and OE hliiw 'hi ll , mound' . - The hundred is named
from its meeting-place 1 at KNIGHTLOW Cross (6") on Knightlow
Hill, on Dunsmore Heath, by the Coventry-Daventry road, 6 m.
SE. of Coventry, on the boundary of Stoneleigh and Marton hds.
- For the term Sipe Socha v. above p. XIX.
Kington bd.The SE. portion of the county mainly E. of the Avon, and S. of Knight
low hd, till recently including also Tanworth, Packwood, Nuthurst and
Lapworth in the west of the county; formerly also the town of Warwick.
- In DB four hundreds are located within this district. Tremelav hd
included the NW. part of the present hundred, extending southwards as
far as Kineton, Butlers Marston, ?PilIerton and Eatington (inclusive);
Honesberie hd was in the cast of the county, E. of Tremelav hd; Fexhole
hd was S. of Tremelav hd, including Tysoe, ?Compton Wynyates, Oxhill,
?PiIlerton, ?Whatcote, Idlicote, Honington an d Brailes, and probably also
Lapworth, Rowington and Shrewley in the west of the county (v. Walker
op. cit. p. 181 and see above). Berricestone hd was in the southern extre
mity of the county, S. of Fexhole hd, and also included an isolated area
consisting of Ilrnington, Whitchurch and Stretton on Fosse (the part of
Worcestershire that separated these places from Warwickshire was inclu
ded in the latter county in 1931). - In the 12th century a fifth hundredis mentioned as belonging to the district in question, viz. that of Cotes. It
is associated with Warwick, but its exact area is uncertain. - In the 13th
1 A curious old custom, the collecting of 'Wroth-Silver', was still ob
served at this place as late as 1902; v. Dugdale op. cit. I 4; H. M. Cam,
The Hundred and the Hundred Rolls p. 126 f.
wickshire man (associated with Erdington in Birmingham), who
may have come from this hundred. - Perhaps from OE (:Et)
Jlreom hliiwum 'three mounds'; formulas of this type are common
in names of boundary-marks in OE; cf. especially (of) preom
hlawan KCD 65:3 (Wo); also TWEMLOW Ch: Twamlow (p) 1192
1208, Twamelawe (p) c. 1190-1220, Twamlowe (p) 1208-29
Werb, from OE (:Et) twam (twmm) hliiwum.
Honesberie, Onesberie 1086 DB, Hunesberihundredum 1191 P.
OE Hun pn (Redin 17) and OE be(o)rg 'mound, hill'; cf. (be)
hunesbiorge BCS 562 (Kt), and Hunningham Wa (PNing 133),
near Leamington. 1
Fexhole hvnd' 1086 DB.
Probably an error for Foxhole, i. e. OE foxhol -u 'foxes'
burrows'.
Bedriceston (1), Bedricestone (1), Bel"Ticeston(e), Bericest' hd'
1086 DB; named from the viI. of BARcHEsToN, opposite Shipston
on Stour: Berricestone, Berricest1me 1086 DB, Bercheston' 1193,1195 P (p), 1205 Cur (p), 1221 Ass 950 m 7, 1232 Cl, Berkeston'
(p) 1199 Cur, Bercheston' Symonis 2 1236 Fees, Bercheston 1294
Misc, Berchiston 1319 Pat, Byrcheston 1325 Ipm, Berchistone 1327
SR. - Duignan suggests OE Beornrlc pn for the first eI.; if the
Domesday forms in -d- stand for anything, they may perhaps
indicate that it is rather OE Be(o)rhtrlc pni cf. Brightston PNDv
584: brihtrices stane 1050--73 Earle, Bedricestan 1086 DB . -
Second eI. OE tun 'farm' . No weight should be attached to the
form in -k-.
Coteshundredum 1183, Cotehundredum 1184 P, Hundr' de
Cotes cum suburbio de Warewic 1221 Ass 950 m 3d, Hundr' de
1 It is tempting to associate the hundred-name with that of HENS-
BOROUGH Hill in Thurlaston, but this is no doubt impossible for topographi
cal reasons; cf. Walker in Birmingham Arch. Soc. Trans. XXXI 30 note.
2 The person referred to in the preceding examples is called Simon
de Bercheston'.
13736 O. 8. Anderson
Cotes quod 1Jocatur suburbium de Warr' 1232 Ass 951 m 22d.1
- It was named from COTON END, i. e. 'the part of Warwick
which lyes on the east of the town' (Dugdale), also known as
'the suburb of Warwick' (e. g. 1232 Ass, 1242 Fees etc.): Cotes
The English Hundred·Names
Fernecvmbe hvnd' 1086 DB.
OE fearn 'fern' and cumb 'valley'.
Patelav hvnd' 1086 DB, Pattelawahdr' 1175 P, Hundr' de
Pathelawe 1221, 1232, 1247, 1262 Ass 950 m 2, 951 m 1, 952
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1086 DB, 1229--42 BM, 1247 Ass 952 m 39d (vicus), Cota 1123
Mon VI 1327 (copy), Cotis 1315 Ipm, in Warrewych, in the street
called Coton 1420 AD II I 473; from OE cotu(m) 'cottages'. In
1221 Woodloes and Cherlecot' seem to be referred to this hundred
(cf. partem orientalem suburbii dicUB villre cum tota Stochulleet Wodelawe Mon VI 1329); but otherwise no account can be
given of its extent.
Sipe Socha de Chinton' 1170 P, Hundredum de Kinton' 1221
Fees, hundred' de Kintun' 1222 Cl, de Kincton' 1225 Fine, hd of
Kynton 1265 Misc, 1274 Ipm, 1316 PA, Hundr'm de Kynton'
1276 RH, de Kingtone 1327, hd of Kyngton 1332 SR.The hundred is named from the town of K I N E T O ~ , 10 m. S. of Warwick:
Cyngtun, (into) Cyngtune 969 (18) BCS 1234, Qvintone 1086 DB, Chintona
1124-7 (1314) Ch, Chinton' 1166, Kinton' 1171, 1192 P, Kincton' 1216 Cl,
1232 Fees, Kynton' 1217, Kintun' 1220 Cl, Kyngton 1291 Tax.
OE *cyne-tiln or *cyng-tun 'royal estate'. Kineton belonged
to the king in 1086. - Por the term Sipe Socha v. above p. XIX.
BarIichway hd.
The SW. part of the county, W. of Kington and Knightlow hds, S. of
Hemlingford hd, mainly W. of the Ayon, including the pars of Wootton
Wawen, Preston Bagot, Rowington, Wroxall and Honiley in the north.
In 1086 the district was divided into two hundreds, Fernecvmbe an d
Pathlow; the former has not been met with after Domesday, but the latter
survived into the 16th century. In 1327 (SR) Path!ow consisted of two
distinct parts, one in the SE. of the hundred, including A!veston, Tid
dington, Clifford, Lox!ey, Stratford on Ayon, Old Stratford, We!combe,
Bishopton, Shottery, Hampton Lucy, Ingon, Hatton (in Hampton Lucy),
Clopton, Luddington, Drayton and Wilmcote; and one in the NW. of the
hundred, inclUding Wootton Wawen, Ullenhall and Henley in Arden. Th e
hundred seems to have had nearly the same extent in 1086, but may have
included also Aston Cantlow and Billesley (cf. Walker, Antiquary 39,
182 f.), th us mak ing th e district c,ontinuous.
1 The hundred of Chikenes (Chikeneshundredum 1183 f., Chicheneshdr'
1189 P, Chikenessehundredum 1203 P 49), which makes its first appearance
at the same time as Cotes hd, has not been identified. Is it from OE *Cicca
pn (cf. Cichus Redin 28, Chickering PNing 72, Chicksands PNBeds 168)
an d OE (Csc 'ash-tree'?
m" 32, 954 m 65, 1242 P, Patelawe 1252 Fees, Pathelowe post
1257 BM, 1285 QW, 1332 SR (liberty), hd of Patthelowe 1265
Misc, 1327 SR (libertas), Hundr'm de Patlawe, Pattelowe 1276
RH, hd of Paththelowe 1340 Pat, hundred' de Pathelow 1535 VE.
- The hundred was named from a tumulus called PATHLOW, inthe SE. corner of Aston Cantlow par, on the road from Stratford
on Avon to Wootton Wawen, 3 m. NW. of Stratford on Avon.
According to Dugdale (op. cit. II 642) a court used to be held
here twice" a year. The place is ref erred to as Pathelawa 1174 P,
Pathelowe 1290 Cl, 1327 SR (p), Potfelouie 1320 Ip m. - The
first el. may be compared with that of PANBoROUGH S'o: (at)
Pathenebergh'e 956, Papeneberga 971 BCS 920, 1277 (copies),
Wadeneberie 1086 DB, Patheneberg Hy2 (1227) Ch; PAYTHORNE
YWR: Pahtorme, Pathorp 1086 DB, Paththorn late 12th Pudsay,
Pathorn 1195 P (p), 1208 Cur, 1248 Cl, Patthorn' 1210 Cur;
PAINLEY YWR (1 1/ 2 m. SE. of Paythorne): Padehale, Paghenale
1086 DB, Pathenhal (p) c. J Pudsay, Pathanle, Patenhale 1200
45 (c. 1350) Percy, Pathenhale (p) 1226 FF; and PATELEY BRIDGE
YWR: Pathelaywath 1210-30 Furness, Patheleybrigge 1320 Ch.
The first el. of these names may be an OE *papa 'wanderer', related
to OE pmp 'path', and pmppan 'to wander'; cf. stapa and stmppan.
Barlicheweihdr' 1175, 1179, Barlinge1ceihundredum 1176, Bar
ligweihundredum 1183, 1190, Barlichweihundredum 1188 P, Bal
richweie 1221, Barlichewaye 1232 Fees, Barlicheweye 1247, 1262
As s 952 m 31, 954 m 65, 1265 Misc, 1276 RH, Barlichesweye 1252
Fees, 1276 RH, Rarlichwey 1274 Ipm, Barlichweye 1316 FA,
Barlycwey 1327, Barlichway 1332 SR, Barlochwey 1428 FA.
OE *ba?rlic-weg 'road where barley is carted' or the like; cf. NED
s. v. barley and PNBeds 52; also Barlichul n. d. AD I (Market
Bosworth Le), and PNNp passim. - The name survived asBARLICHWAY on the old 1" OS map, in the name of a field on the
boundary of Binton and Haselor pars, but is given as Barley
Leys on the modern map. Dugdale say s (op. cit. II 641) that
the pars of Binton, Haselor and Temple Grafton used to hold a
court here.
I
I
13938 O. S. Anderson
Hemlingford bd.
The NW. part of the county, N. and W. of Barlichway and Knightlow
hds. The modern name does not occur till the 12th century; the Domesday
name of the hundred was:
Coleshelle hvnd' 1086 DB. - The name is derived from that
The English Hundred·Names
time of DB (the names of three old hundreds arc given in an OE charter),
though it is possible to trace them in the number of hides attributed in
DB to the holdings of the churches of Worcester, Wcstminster, Pershore
and Evesham, to which this part of the county belonged. The church of
Worcester had 300 hides, forming the triple hd of Oswaldslow, Westmins
ter approximatcly 200 hides, Pershore 100 hides, and Evesham 100 hides.
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of COLESHILL, E. of Birmingham, on the river Cole: (in eodem
concilio qui dicitur) Colles hy l 799 (11) BCS 295, Coleshelle 1086
DB, Coleshell' (p) 1162 P, Coleshull' 1200 Cur, 1207 Ch, 1222 Cl,
Coleshill' 1206 Cur, Colleshull in Arderne 1294 Mise, 1327 Cl.
Professor Ekwall suggests that both the river-name and the firstel. of the PN are derived from W coll 'haze ls ' (ERN 86) . - The
quotation from BCS 295 seems to show that this was an old
meeting-place.
Humilieford 1162, Sipe Socha de Humeliford' 1170, Sibbe Soka
de Humiliford' 1175, (de) Sibbesocha et de Humeliford' 1178, (de)
Sibbesocha et Humilifordhundredo 1179, Humelesfordhundredurn
1180, Hurnelifordhundredum 1183, Hurneliefordhundredum 1184,
Hurnilifordhundredum 1190, Vrniliford' 1195 P, Hurniliford' 1221,
1247, 1262 Ass 950 m 3d, 952 m 35, 954'm 52, Humeliford' 1226
-8 Fees, 1232 Ass 951 m 5d, Hwniliford 1265 Mise, Humbelford
1276 RH, Hurnelyngford' 1285 Ass 956 ID 34, H1tmelingforth 1316
FA, Humelingforde 1327, Humlyngford 1332 SR, Humyliford 1346
Pat, Hemlingford 1587 D; cf. Robertus de Humeleford' 1195 P
(Wa). - OE hymele (hurnele) and ford 'ford where wild hops
grow'. Cf. HIMBLETON, HIMBLE BROOK PNWo 135, ERN 196; and
HIMLEY St (4 ID. W. of Dudley): Himelei 1086 DB, Humelilega
1185 P, Humelele 1242 Fees, Humeleleg 13 AD Ill; also HUMBLEYARD
above p. 79. For the term Sipe Socha v. above p. XIX. - The
hundred-name survives in HEMLlNGFORD BRIDGE (6") and HEMLlNG-
FORD Green, half a mile S. of Kingsbury church, where the Bir
mingham-Tamworth road crosses the Tame.
Worcestershire.
This county is now divided into five hundreds, Blackenhurst, Pershore,
Oswaldslow, Doddingtree and Halfshire. Of these only Doddingtree is a.n
old hundred; the rest were formed from other hundreds at different pe
riods. In Domesday Worcestershire is stated to contain twelve hundreds
CL 172 a). In the north and east of the county these old hundreds were
preserved; but in the south the origjnal hundreds had been lost by the
Part of the lands belonging to Evesham formed the Domesday hd of Fisses
berge, now included in Blackenhurst hd. The lands belonging to Pershore
and Westminster are known as Pershore hd from the 12th century. - The
remaining five hundreds, out of the twclve assigned to Worcestershire in
Domesday, were in the northern half of the county - also known asKinetolk,t i. e. :the king's people', because belonging to the Crown, in
contrast with south Worcestershire which was in the possession of the
churches. They are all mentioned by name in DB; they were Dodintrev,
Cresselav, . Clent, Came and Esch. Here the original hundredal division
was accordingly preserved in 1086, but in the 12th century the four last
mentioned hundreds were replaced by Halfshire hd; thus Doddingtree is
the only survival of the old hundredal system. - Hardly anything is
known about the topography of the old hundreds of southern Worcester
shire. The modern hundreds are much broken up in isolated areas scat
tered over the whole county. The old hundreds of northern Worcestershire
on the whole consisted of compact and fairly regular areas, though parts
of Clent and Esch hds seem to have been detached. As a rule, no natural
boundaries seem to have existed here, the only case being Doddingtree and
Cresselav hds which were separated by t.he Severn. The five northern
hundreds were of roughly equal extent, Doddingtree being slightly largerthan the rest.
Rlackenburst bd.
Occupies the SE. corner of the county, including Abbots Morton, Atch
Lench, Sheriff's Lench, Church Lench (part), Norton, Gt and Lt Hampton,
and the pars E. of these. Harvington and Cleeve Prior are in Oswaldslow
hd, and Broadway in Pershore hd. Oldberrow, now in Warwickshire, was
in this hundred till 1894. It also used to include the pa r of Ombersley, near
Worcester. but Omberslev was included in Oswaldslow hd in 1760. The mo
dern hundred consists the DB hd of Fissesberge which originally c o n ~
1 Kin(e)folka 1108-18 WoS, perhaps only a nonce-formation; it is
from OE *cyne-tolc. The view held in PNWo and elsewhere that the
name was applied to thescattered
holdings of the Bishopof Worcester
inthe north of the county, seems to be due to a misapprehension. It must refer
to the whole northern part of the county, where these holdings lay, the
'king's land' as distinct from the church lands in the south (Summa in
Kinetolka = the sum of the Bishop's holdings in the part of the county
belonging to the King, i. e. outside Oswaldslow hd proper!). Only thus is
it possible to give a reason for the name at all.
140 141. S. Anderson
tained 65 hides; of part of the DB hds of Oswaldslow (Hampton and Bengc
worth; v. DB f. 175b) and Esch (Abbots Morton, Atch, Sheriff's and part of
Church Lench) (v. further VHWo I l 374 f.). - The hundred formerly be
longed to the abbey of Evesham, whence it is also called Eueshamhundredum
1180, 1185, 1187 P, Hundr' de Euesham 1221 Ass 1021 m 1, 1230 P.
The English Hundred·Names
rounding Worcester, extending northwards as far as HartIebury,
with a narrow strip extending east and south, including Inkberrow, Flad
bury, Cropthorne, Netherton, Charlton, Elmley, Overbury and Sedgeber
row. The DB hundred of Oswaldslow differed considcrably in extent from
the modern hundred; the isolated areas now belonging to Oswaldslow
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Fissesberge hd' 1086 DB.
OE Fisc pn (Ellis I I 111; v. Redin 20) and be(o)rg 'hill,
mound'; PNWo 260.
Blacahurste 1100-8 VHWo I 330 note 6 (Blakhurst (1330)
BM, Blakehurste (1241) Ch), Blakehurst 1255 Ass 1022 m 24,1276 RH, -hurste 1275 SR, Blakeherste 1275 Ass 1025 m 18d:
Blakenhurste 1265 Mise, 1315 lpm, 1327 SR, Blakenhurst 1431
FA, Blakynhurst 1539 LP. - - OE blrec and hyrst 'black wood'.
Pershore hd.
Consists of the manors belonging to the monasteries of Westminster
and Pershore in 1086, but is not mentioned by name in Domesday. Its
shape is very irregular with several detached portions. Its main part is
N. and S. of Pershore itself, extending beyond the Severn to the Here
fordshire border. Broadway, locally in Blackenhurst hd, and Beoley,
locally in Halfshire hd, belong here; for further particulars, v. VHWo
IV 1 f.
hundredum de Persom c. 1150 Feud Engl 178, 1212 Fees,
Persorehundredwn 1176 P, hundreduJn de Persor' 1235 Cl, hundr'de Persouere 1275 Ass 1025 m 14, llundredum de Perssore 1275,
de Pershora 1327 SR.The hundred is named from PERSHORE, on the Avon, 8 m. SE. of Wor
cester: (into) Perscoran 972 (c. 1050) BCS 1282, 1062-95 (12) Thorpe 615,
. (on) Presc oran 1033--8 Earle, (on) Persceoran 1049--58 (18) KCD 804,
!l23, Perscoram (ace.) 1066 (13) Thorpe 404, Persore 1086 DB et passim,
Pershour' 1234 Cl, Pershouere 1242 Cl, 1282 Pat, Persouere 1247, Pcrsour'
1251 Cl, Perschore 1315 Ipm, Pershourc 1341 Pat; v. Ritter 133, PNWo 217;
the 13th cent. forms point to interchange of OE ora and ofer in the second
1'1. - The hundred courts were held at Calcroft (in Pershore), Rhydd
Grcen (on the bounda.ry of Hanley Castle and Malvern pars) and Pinvin
(VHWo IV 3).
Oswaldslow bd.This hundred, like that of Pershore, consists of a number of separate
portions of varying extents, scattered over the larger part of the county,
and till recently (1931), of several isolated pieces in NE. Gloucestershire
(v. also under Kington above p. 134), constituting the estates of the
church of Worcester. The main part of the hundred is in the southern
half of Worcestershire, where it includes a continuous district sur-
in the north of thc county, for instance, were then included in the
hundreds in which they are situated; for further particulars, v. VHWo
III 246 ff. - Some account of the early history of this hundred is given in
BCS 1135. The charter, whose authenticity has been doubted, but which
is now considered in the main genuine, contains a grant by King Edgar
to Bishop Oswald to unite the three hundreds of Wulfereslaw, Winburge-trowe and CuiJburgelawe to form a sCYPfylleiJ oppe scypsocne (v. above p.
XIX), which was to meet at a place called Oswaldeslaw in memory of
Bishop Oswald. One of the three hundreds, that of CuiJburgelawe, was
originally half a hundred, consisting of 50 hides at Cropthorne, Netherton,
Elmley, Kersoe (in Elmley), Charlton, Gt and Lt Hampton, and Benge
worth (v. BCS 235); but was made up to a full hundred by the addition of a
number of manors (in reality consisting of 70 hides; v. VHWo I 246 f.) in
different parts of southern Worcestershire; at least one of the hundreds
that are stated to have preceded the modern hd of Oswaldslow seems ac
cordingly to have been of a somewhat artificial nature (v. also VHWo I
247 f.). Winburgetrowe hundred is known to have included Blockley,
Tredington and the other isolated areas of Oswaldslow in Gloucestershire
(v. VHWo III 246f.); the court for this hundred continued to be held at
the place that gave name to the hundred down to the 15th century. Nothing
further is known about Wulfercslaw hd.
dimidium centuriatum quod Anglice vocatur Cuabergehl[awes
h]undred, Cuobur.qelawe 964 (12) BCS 1135.
OE Cilpbu7'h (f.) pn and hlaw 'hill, mound'.
Wulfereslaw 964 (12) BCS 1135.
OE Wulfhere pn and hliiw 'hill, mound'.
Winburge trowe 964 (12) BCS 1135, hundredum apud Wibur-
gecroe (for -troe), Winburnetre, Wiburnestr' 1240 WoP, hundrm
de Wimburntr' 1276 RH, hundred' de Wymburghtree 1376 Ipm;
curia de Wymeburnetre 1408 PNWo 87. - OE Wynburh (f.) pn
and treo 'tree'.
There is also mention of a fourth hundred-court within the
area belonging to Oswaldslow hd, viz. that of Dryhurst. In 1276
RH the courts for Oswaldslow hd are said to be held extra
Wygorn', . . . apud Druhurst et apud Winburntre; in 1301 Wigorn,
an inquisition is said to have been made at Dryhm'st; and in 1319
Pat, there is a referenee to the court of Rippel (Ripple) and hund
red of Bruhurste (PNWo); this place was perhaps the meeting
143
I :1
,l
Ir
142 0. S. Anderson
place for the parts of Oswaldslow that are in SW. Worcestershire.
~ The name is from OE dr.ilge and hyrst 'dry wood'; cf. (of)
driganhurste BCS 112 (So).
Oswaldes lau 11 Heming, Oswaldeslav, Oswoldeslav 1086 DB,
The English Hundred·Names
Halfshire hd.Occupies the N. half of the county, E. of the Severn. It was formed
in the 12th century from the DB hds of Cresselav, Clent, Cam(m)e 1 an d
part of Esch. Cresselav consisted of the western portion of the present
hundred, including Hartlebury in the south, an d in the east Doverdale,
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Oswaldes lawes Hundret 1 1 0 8 ~ 1 8 WaS, Oswaldestanehdr' 1175,
Oswaldeslawahundredum 1176, Oswaldeslawehllndredum 1182 P,
Osewaldeslawe 1221 Ass 1021 m 14, Oswaldeslawe 1255 Ass 1022
il l 25d, Oswoldeslowe ib. m 29, 1315 Ipm, 1346 FA, Oswaldelewe
1265 Misc, Oswaldeslowe 1275 SR, Oswoldeslewe 1352 Pat. OSWALDSLOW (now Low Hill) is on the boundary of White Ladies
Aston and Stoulton pars, 4 m. SE. of Worcester, on the Worcester
Evesham road. I t is mentioned as (to, of) OsuJaldes hlawe 977
(11) KCD 612, in the boun ds of Wolv erton . The evidence of
meetings being held in this neighbourhood is interestingly con
firmed by the names of the adjacent villages of Spetchley (from
OE SP(flC 'speech') and Stoulton (from OE stDl 'seat') v. PNWo
165 f. - The name i s from OE Osu'ald pn and hUiw 'hill', but
it seems rather doubtful whether the story told in BCS 1135 of
its origin can be true; its occurring as a boundary-mark about
ten years afterwards seems to prove it of older standing.
IDoddingtree bd.
In the NW. of the county, W. of Oswaldslow hd and the Severn, by
which it is separated from Halfshire hd, extending southwards along the
Herefordshire border as far as Suckley, with a detached part in Cotheridge.
Eardiston and Knighton, locally in this hundred, belong to Oswaldslow hd.
The area of the hundred has not changed much since Domesday; v.
VHWo IV 218f.
Dodintret, Dodintrev, Dodentreu 1086 DB, Dudintree 1108-
18 WoS, Dudintrehdr' 1175, 1182, 1185, Dudintrohundredum 1185,
Dodintrehllndredum 1191 P, Dudintr' 1212 Fees, 1276 RH,
Dudintre 1221 Ass 1021 ID 14d, Dodintr' 1255 Fees, Dodintre 1265
Misc, 1275, 1327 SR, 1305 Ipm, Dodyngtr' 1307 Ass 1033 m 1.
- The meeting-place of the hundred was at the HUNDRED House
near Redmarley (Gt Witley par) referred to as terra . . . Ryd-
merlehge nominata, juxta fluddantreo sita 11 Heming (PNWo),Rudmerlege(?) ju.Tta Dodintrou 1182 PNWo; it is at the junction
of the roads from Tenbury and Cleobury Mortimer towards
W or ce st er . - F ro m OE Dudda pn (Redin 63, PNWo 23) ani}
treo 'tree'; for the DB form in -t, v. IPN 94 and cf. Condetret
below p. 160.
Elmley Lovett, Rushock, Chaddesley Corbett, an d perhaps Churchill.>
Clent hd, E. of Cresselav, seems to have consisted of two distinct parts,
one including Droitwich, Hadzor, Salwarpe, Hampton Lovett, Upton War
ren, and probably Elmbridge an d Dodderhillj3 and one farther north, in·
eluding B elbroughton, ?Romsley (not in DB), ?IlIey (ditto), Halesowen
and Warley, and the manors N. of these. - Came hd consisted of the NE.corner of the county E. of Clent hd, including in the south Tardebigge,
Stoke Prior, probably Bromsgrove (part with certainty), and perhaps
Grafton. - Esch hd, S. of Cresselav hd, on the Warwickshire border, in·
cluded Feckenham, Hanbury, Kington, Inkberrow, Abbots Morton, Church
Lench and, detached, Crowle an d Cleeve Prior. Of these Feckenham, King
ton and the greater part of Church Lench went to Halfshire, the rest to
Oswaldslow an d Blackenhurst. - HaIfshire hd is sometimes called the hd
of Wick (from Droitwich).
Cresselav hvnd' 1086 DB, hundret of Kerselau 1108--18 WaS.
OE cresse (cressa, CrErse, cerse) 'cress' and hlaw 'hill'; cL
Creslow PNBk 77; also Cresswell PNNb 57, Caswell PNNp 43.
Glent hvnd' 1086 DB, hundredum de Clent c. 1150 Feud Engl
178, Clenthundredum 1193 P. Named from the viI. of CLENT, in
the Clent Hills, 4 ID . SE. of Stourbridge: Glent 11 Heming, 1086DB, 1169 P, 1204 Ch, 1212 Fees, et passim; cf. also DUNCLENT Farm,
c. 5 m. SW. of Clent, on lower ground: Dvnclent 1086 DB, Dunclent'
1212 Fees, Dunclent 1230 P (p), 1294 Ipm, Dounclent 1315 Ipm,
1317 Pa t (p). - In PNWo 279 the name is shown to represent
an OE *clent 'rock' (also 'hill'?), cognate with Norw klant 'rock,
hill'; and, with a different ablaut grade, ON klettr, Sw, Da, MLG
1 The parts of Cresselav and Came that belonged to the churches of
Worcester and Pershore were later included in Oswaldslow and Pershore
hds respectively (Hartlebury, Wolverley (Cresselav), Alvechurch and Stoke
Prior (Came) in Oswaldslow, and Beoley and Yardley (Came) in Pershorej
Yardley, like Northfield and parts of King's Norton is now incorporated
in Birmingham). The vills of Clent and Broom were in Staffs from the12th cent. to 1844. Halesowen was in Salop for a similar period.
2 In Cresselav according to the map in PNWo, but in Clent according
to the text; the former seems mOre likely.
3 Elmbridge, and Wychbold in Dodderhill are stated in VH Wo IV 218
to have been in Doddingtree in 1086, but a heading is no doubt missing
here in Domesday.
f
I The English Hundred-NamesO. S. Anderson44 145
klint 'hill'. - Dunclent means 'lower Clent', and seems to show
that the name was once used of a fairly large district (op. cit.
255 f.).
Came, Camrne hd' 1086 DB, Kamel 1108-18 WoS, Camele
c. 1150 Feud Engl 178. - No definite etymology seems possible of
settlers. It is noteworthy, as showing where the centres of these hundreds
lay, that the meeting-places of the two northern hundreds (Pirehill and
Totmonslow) are in the extreme south of the respective hundreds.
Southern Staffordshire was largely a forest-district. The southern part
of Seisdon hd was covered by Kinver Forest, and large parts of the two
hundreds in the central part of the county, those of Cuttleston and Offlow,
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this name; the forms in -l- are doubtless the original ones, as shown
in PNWo 332; cf. also Hesetre below p. 162. It may possibly be
identical with CAMEL So, whose second el. is derived by Professor
Ekwall (ERN 64) from W moel 'bare', also 'conical, bare hill'; if
so, the reference might be to some part of the Lickey Hills; -but
no certainty is possible.
Esch, Naisse (He) hd' 1086 DB, AEsc 1108--18 WoS, Leisse
c. 1150 Feud Engl 178. - - OE resc (ad pam resce) 'ash-tree'; the
L- of one form being the French definite article. I t is suggested
in VHWo In 1 note 3, and PNWo 314 that the hundred was
named from a manor called Heisse (Haisse) , mentioned as
belonging to this hundred- in a 12th century document (c. 1190).
hundredum de dimidio comitatu 1176, hundredum Dimidii Conte
1191 P, hundredum Dimidii Comitatus 1195 P, 1276 RH, 1346
FA, (ad) dimidium comitatum, scilicet undredum de Wich' qui
ita vocatur 1200 Cur, Dirnidii ComUatus de Wych' 1275 SR, (hund
reder of) half the county of Worcester 1292 Misc, the hundredcalled'Demy Counte' 1315 Ipm, Halfe Shire Hundred 1610 Speed.
- A name applied to the combined Domesday hundreds because
occupying almost all the northern half of the county. The English
form of the name was presumably in use by the side of the
Latin, French and semi-French forms found in records, though
not met with till the 17th century.
Staffordshire.
The hundredal division of Staffordshire differs markedly from that of
the counties to the south an d west in showing far greater stability - all
the Domesday hundreds are kept practically unchanged down to modern
times - and in the size of the hundreds. The Staffordshire hundreds, five
in number, are on the whole far larger than any in the adjacent counties;
more especially as regards northern Staffordshire. The two hundreds in
the south-west are of more normal extent. It seems to me that this must
be due chiefly to the nature of the county. Northern Staffordshire is to
a large extent moorland, which must have been unattractive to early
must have been occupied by Cannock Forest. The old Forest of Brewood
formed the boundary of Seisdon and Cuttleston hds. The cultivated areas
of these hundreds must in early days have been considerably smaller than
at present.
Seisdon bd.
In the SW. corner of the county, including the pars of Codsall and
Bushbury in the north and Wolverhampton, Coseley and Rowley Regis in
the east. In 1086 it also included the part of Shropshire that is between
the present hundred and the Severn (except Quatford).
Saisdon(e) hvnd', Seiesdon hvnd' 1086 DB, hdr' de Saiesdona
1130, Seidon'hltndredum 1182, Seisdon'hundredum 1185 P, Hund-
redum de Seisdon' 1199 P, 1226--8 Fees, hdof Seisduna 1227 Ass,
Seysdon' 1255 RH, hd of Seylesdon 1272 Ass, Seesdon 1285 FA,
Seysdon 1316 FA, 1327 SR.
The hundred is named from SEISDON, a hamlet on the river Smestow,
near Trysull, practically in the centre of the old hundred: Seisdone 1086
DB, Seisdun (p) 1160-1206 Salt OS Ill, Seyxdun 1236 Fees, Seydon' 1236 Cl,
Seisdon' 1242 Fees, Seysdone 1292 Ipm, Seyseden 1323 Cl, Seysedon, Sexedon 1428 FA.
A pn *Si.e{i)ga, a derivative of the name-theme Sfe-, has been
inferred from Seabrook Bk, Seaton Ru, v. PNBk 98, though at
least the first instance is doubtful (v. also ERN 284). A pn connec
ted with OE names in SiiJ- might also be the first el. of Seisdon,
though its exact type of formation would have to be left open.
- The old explanation 'Saxon's hill' (W Sais; Duignan) is impro
bable as shown by W. H. Stevenson (v. note in Duignan),
Possibly, however, the name may represent OE *Seaxa dun 'the
hill of the Saxons'. The s of the ME forms might be due to
AN influence (c.£. IPN 114, 12; also Saxlingham PNing 138,
Sessac ott PNDv 162). The two forms showing an x might point
to this, but the regular diphthong is hard to account for on thatsupposition; also the gen. pI. is generally Seaxna.
Cuttleston bd.
N. of Seisdon hd, including in the east the pars of Essington, Gt Wyr
ley, Cannock and Brereton (part), bordering on Offlow hd, and in the north
10
146
'I
IO. S. Anderson
those of Brocton, Baswich, Coppenhall, Bradley, Haughton, Gnosall, Nor
bury and Weston Jones, bordering on Pirehill hd.
Cvdvl,,"'estan, Cvdolvestan, Colvestan, C'l.'lvestan, Codvvestan
(Np) 1086 DB, Cudeluestan 1130, Cudestanhundredum 1185, Cutul-
uestanhundredum 1187, C()duluestanhundredum 1193, Cuduluestan'
The English Hundred-Names 147
to be connected with ME piren 'to peer', ModE peer 'to look
narrowly', EFris, LG piren 't o scan', Norw pira 'to trickle'; v.
ERN 333 s. n. Pur Brook, and references. The meaning of the
name would be 'look-out hill'. Pire Hill is the highest point for
some distance; there is none higher between it and the river,
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I
1199 P, Kudolvestan' 1199 Fees, Cuthulvestane 1203, Cuthul-
vestan 1227 Ass, Cuthulfestan' 1255 RH, Couthelleston 1272 Ass,
Couthelston 1327 SR, Cuthelston 1347 Pat. - OE Cupwulf pn
and stan 'stone'. Fo r the DB form Cvlvestan cf. Cuulf Ellis II
73. - The name is preserved in CUTTLESTONE BRIDGE, a mile SW.
of Penkridge, which carries 'an ancient thoroughfare called King
Street' across the Penk (Duignan). Mr. Goodall conjectures that
the place takes its name from the Cupa who fell in the battle of
Fepanleag in 584 (ZONF I 175).
Offlow bd.
Consists of the SE. part of the county, E. of Seisdon, Cuttleston and
Pirehill hds.
Offelav 1086 DB, Offelawahdr' 1175, Offelau'ehundredum 1182,
1185 P, Offelaw' 1199 Fees, Offelaue 1203, Offelawe 1227 Ass,
Offeloue 1255 RH, Offelowe 1272 Ass, 1327 SR, 1330 Cl, 1402 FA ,
Uffelowe 1307 Ass. - OE Offa pn and hliiw 'hill, mound'.
The hundred is named from OFFLOW, a tumulus (marked on th eos, but now according to Duignan much reduced by ploughings)
in Swinfen, at some cross-roads, half a mile N. of Watling Street
and 2 1/ 2 m. S. of Lichfield.
Pirebill hd.Roughly the NW. quarter of the county, N. of Cuttleston hd, inclu
ding the upper part of the Trent valley, E. of Offlow and Totmonslow
(q. v.) hds, extending northwards as far as Biddulph.
Pirehel, Pireholle, Pereoll(e) , Pereholle 1086 DB, Pirhullhund-
redum 1179, Pirehullehundredurn 1180, Pyrehullehundredum 1182,
Pirhullehundredum 1187, 1191, Pirrehullehundredum 1188, Fir-
hellehundredum 1193, Pirehulhundredum 1195, 1199 P, PirhW'
1199 Fees, Pirehulle 1201 SP, Pirhulle 1203 Ass, Pirhull' 1212
Fees, 1230 P, Pyrhull 1227 Ass, 1275 Fine, 1283 lpm, 1350 Cl,
Pirhul 1228 Pat, 1252 Fees, Pirul 1254 Ipm, 1255 RH, Pyrehull
1269 Ass, 1310 Cl, Pirihull 1285 FA, Pyrhul 1327, Pyrhull' 1333
SR. - The hundred is named from PIRE HILL, on the south
side of the Trent, 2 m. S. of Stone. - The first el. is no doubt
and it. seems to have a good view down the Trent valley; on topo
graphical grounds there is nothing against such a derivation.
OE pirige, pyrige 'pear-tree' may be possible phonologically (for
the type of composition cf. OE pirgriif 'pear-orchard' (Duignan);v. also Parlick PNLa 140), but seems less likely for other reasons.
Totmonslow hd.
The NE. part of the county, N. and E. of Pi rehill and Offlow hds,
including in the west and the south the pars of HOl·ton, Endon and Stan
ley, Cheddleton, Caversvall, Forsbrook, Draycott in the Moors, Leigh,Field, Gratwich, Kingston and Uttoxeter.
Taternaneslav, Tatesla1), Tarnenaslav 1086 DB, Tatesmannislawa
1175, Tatemanneslat.oehundredlJ,m 1185, Tatemanneslawa 1187 P,
Tatemaneslawe 1199 Fees, 1227 Ass, Tatemanelawe 1253 Mise,
Taternanneslowe 1262 Pat, Tatemonnelowe 1272 Ass, Tatemones-
lowe 1293 Ass) 1316 FA, 1333 SR, 1348 Pat, Tatemonlowe 1327
SR, Tatmanneslawe 1327 Pat, Tarnmeslowe 1338 Cl, Tattemannes-
lowe 1356 Fine, Tatmondeslowe 1402 FA. - - OE Tatmonn pnand hlaw 'hill, mound'. The pn is found in OE in Tatrnonnes
apoldre 947 (12), and Tatemannes beorgel(e)se 963 (12) BCS 834,
1125, names of a b o u n d a r y ~ m a r k in the bounds of Washington
Sx. It is also found later (e, g. Roberto Tateman 1190-1200
YCh 618, Hugo Tateman (Y) 1195 P). For the first el. of the
pn v. Redin 54 f. - The place from which the hundred is named
is now represented by TOTMoNsLow, a hamlet in Draycott in the
Moors par, 2 m. S. of Cheadle.
Cheshire.
Cheshire is now divided into seven hundreds, Macclesfield, Bucklow,
Northwich, Nantwich, Eddisbury, Broxton and Wirral. Only one of thesenames, viz. Bucklow, is an old hundred-name, most of the other old names
preserved in Domesday have later been replaced by names taken from
the chief place within the hundreds and in the case of Wirral by the name
of a district; as these late names are of little interest here, it has not been
thought necessary to deal with them fully below. Two modern hundreds
(Bucklow and Eddisbury) are composed of two Domesday hundreds each,
148 O. S. Anderson
but otherwise the modern arrangement of the hundreds is the same as
that of Domesday; some minor changes in the boundaries are to be noted
(v. Tait, The Domesday Survey of Cheshire, Chetham Society N. S. 75, p.75). In some cases the hundreds have rivers for their boundaries (v. below).
Macclesfield hd in the eastern, hilly part of the county was the largest
of the Domesday hundreds, but otherwise the variations in area are not
The English Hundred-Names 149
separated by the rivers Peover and Weaver. In 1086 this hundred was
divided in two; Bucklow then only included its eastern portion including
Lymm, High Legh, Tabley and Wincham in the west; the rest of the present hundred was called:
T ~ ' n e n d v n ( e ) hvnd' 1086 DB.
The first eL of this name is no doubt OB Tun(n)a pn, a short
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very great; for a full treatment of questions of extent and assessment, v.
op. cit. p. 16 ft. - In 1086 Cheshire also embraced a considerable portion
of modern Wales, viz. the whole of present Flintshire and the greater
part of present Denbighshire (op. cit. 22 ft.). Within this district two hund
reds are named in Domesday: AtisCTOS hd' and Exestan, Extan hd'. ' Asthese hundreds have no place in the hundredal organisation of the mo
dern county, some words might be said of them here. The former, which
was only partly hidated, included the main portion of modern Flint
shire. It was named from CROES AT! between Flint and Leadbrook (op.
cit. p. 16 note, p. 101 note 61; the cross itself is referred to in: (the place
of) Crucem At ye 1282 Cl). The latter included the district between the
Dee and Wat's Dyke, in modern Denbighshire. The name is apparently
of English origin, its second el. being OE stiin 'stone', but it is hardly pos
sible to decide the etymology of its first el. on the evidence of the Domes
day forms only.
"ftlacclesfield bd.The eastern portion of the county including Wilmslow, Chorley, Gt
Wadord, Chelford, Snelson, Withington (Old and Lower), Somedord
Booths, Eaton, N. Rode a·nd Bosley in the west, bordering on Bucklow and
Northwich hds.
The modern hundred corresponds to the DB hd of Hamestan
(passim),. Hamstan (2), Hamstane (1). The second eL of the name
is OE stiin 'stone'; first eL perhaps OE Hama pn, but in the absence
of later forms no certainty is possible; cf. Hammenstan, Hamele- .
stan Db, the DB name of Wirksworth hd. - The hundred belonged
to the manor of MACCLESFIELD (cf. Tait op. cit. 31, 113; also: the
manor of Macclesfeld with the Hundred 1354 Chamb), whence it
is called: Macclesfield 2 hd 1248(?) Ipm, hd of Makelisfeld 1286
Court, hd of Maclesfeld 1316 Chamb, hd of Maklesfeld 1355 Black
Prince etc.
Bucklow bd.
In the north of the county on the Mersey, W. of Macclesfield hd, bor:}dering in the south on Northwich and Eddisbury hds from which it ist
-1 The hvnd' Arvester mentioned in the Cheshire Domesday is identi· ¥cal with the cantred of Arwystli in Montgomeryshire (Tait op. cit. p. 24).
- For the DB hd of Chester see above p. XIX f.
• The modern spelling. t
form of OE names in Tun-; cf. Redin 50; second eL OE dun 'hill,
down'.
Bochelav hd' 1086 DB, Boclawe, Buckel', Buchelawe, Bukelawe
1260 Court, Buckelowe 1350 Chamb, Bokkelowe 1354, Bukkelowe1357 Black Prince, Bucklowe 1392 Deputy Keeper's 36th Rep.
p. 160, Buclowe 1427 37th Hep. p. 153. - First eL OE bucca
'buck' or Bucca pn; second eL OE hUi:w 'hill, mound'. The name
is taken f ~ o m BUCKLOW HILL, on Watling Street 3 '/ 2 m. SSW. of
Altrincham, practically in the centre of the old hundred; cf. Tait
op. cit. p. 16 note.
Northwicb bd .
S. of Bucklow hd and W. of .Macclesfield hd, bounded by the Weaver
on the west and by Nantwich hd on the south, where it includes the town
ships of Minshull Vernon, Warmingham, Elton, Wheelock, Sandbach,
Arclid, Smallwood, Odd Rode and Church Lawton.
In Domesday the hundred is called Mildest1'ic(h) hd', taking
its name from MIDDLEWICH, where its meeting-place may have
been: Wich 1086 DB, Mildeluuicho 1153--81 (1346) Ch, Midil-
'wich 1179 Mon V 662 (copy), .Middelwich' 1185 P, Middewiz
1351 Black Prince; the name usually Occurs in a Latin (more
rarely in a Norman) garb: Medius Wicus 1240 Cl, 1280 Ipm tet passim; Meynwych 1 2 7 ~ j Ipm, Menewiz 1352 Black Prince.
'The middle Wich' (DE 'wic, v. EPN s. v., PNWo 286), that is,
in relation to Northwich and Nantwich. The DB form exhibit s
the superlative, OE midlest, which was later apparently replaced
by the positive. - Afterwards the hundred was named from the
town of NORTHWICH: Nortwic Hundred 1260 Court, hd of Northwich
1320 Chamb, hd of Norwiz 1355 Black Prince.
Nantwicb bd.In the south of the county, S. of Northwich hd, including in the west
the townships of Church Minshull, Cholmondeston, Stoke, Hurle ston,
Brindley, Faddiley, Chorley, Norbury and Wirswall, bordering on Eddisbury and Broxton hds.
The Domesday name of the district was Warmvndestrov hd'.
'I¥;
-..<.
151
I
If.iO O. S. Andcrson
This is a compound of OE lVermund pn and treo 'tree'. Professor
Ekwall (PNing 146) connects this name with that of WARMINGHAM
(lVermingham 1260 Court, 1289 Cl, lVermyngham 1302 Chamb),
just beyond the northern boundary of the hundred. - The modern
name of the hundred is derived from that of NANTWICH, its caput:
The English Hundred·Names
Broxton hd.
In the west of the county, W. of the Gowy and of Nantwich hd.
In Domesday the hundred has the name of Dvdestan hd'; this
is apparently a compound of OE Dud(d)a pn and stiin 'stone'.
Th e modern name is derived from that of the manor of BROXTON;
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lVich Malbanc' 1260 Court (a hundred rubric), hd of lVyco Malb'
1283 Ipm, hd of Wych Malbank 1355 Black Prince (the distinctive
name is from the family of Malbank; v. further Tait op. cit. 47 f.
- For the etymology of the name of Nantwich v. Ekwall, ESt
64, 224).
Eddisbury bd.
Between the rivers Weaver and Gowy, NW. of Nantwich hd. In 1086
this district consisted of two hundreds, Risetone and Roelav, the former
including the southern portion of the present hundred extending north·
wards as far as Barrow, Ashton and Willington, the latter its northern
part, but Alpraham, Rushton and Eaton, Little Budworth, Oulton, Over and
Thornton le Moors apparently belonged to the DB hd of Dvdestan; v. Tait
Iop. cit. p. 13 f., and map.
Riseton(e) hd' (passim), Risedon hd' (1) 1086 DB.
The first el. is probably OE *hr'isen 'o f brushwood', cf. Princes
,I
Risborough PNBk 170 f. The second is either OE tun 'enclosure
farm', or dun 'hill'; on general grounds the latter alternative seems
more plausible; the -t- of the majority of the Domesday formsmay perhaps be due to AN influence, ef. IPN 109 note 2.
Roelav hd' 1086 DB.
OE ruh and hliiw 'rough hill'. The name survives in RULOE,
2 m. SW. of Weaverham (v. Tait op. cit. p. 99 note). Another'
Ruhelawe (in Leese) is mentioned in the Chester Cartulary (Werb
409).
Edisbury 1260 Court (a hundred rubric), hd of Edesbury 1309
Deputy Keeper 's 36th Rep. p. 474, 1350 Chamb, 1353 Black
Prince, hd of Eddesbury 1391 Deputy Keeper's 36th Rep. p. 430.
The name is derived from that of EDDISBURY, a par, 7 m. W. of
Northwich: ?(ret) Eadesbyrig c. 1050 (s. a. 914) ASC(C), Edesberie
1086 DB, Edisbury 1288 Vale Royal. If the Chronicle form belongs
here, the first el. would seem to be OE *Ead pn (cf. Redin 47);
second el. OE burh 'fortification'. The name may denote the
meeting-place of the combined hundreds; if so, the exact spot
was perhaps at EDDISBURY HILL in Eddisbury par (the hill called
Edesbury 1354 Black Prince).
it appears as Brexis 1260 Court ( a hundred rubric), hd of Broxon
1350 Chamb, 1355 Black Prince. For the etymology v. Ekwall
ES t 64, 219.
Wirral bd.Consists of .the peninsula of Wirral between the rivers Mersey and Dee.
The Domesday name of this hundred was Wilaveston hd'. It
is taken fro.m the viI. of WILLASTON, 2 m. E. of Neston (Wilaston
1305 Werb). Afterwards this name was replaced by that of the
district, the Wirral peninsula (Wirhale 1260 Court (hundred rubric),
hd of Wyrhale 1320 Chamb, hd of Wirhale 1352 Black Prince),
but the hundredccourt apparently continued to be held at Willaston,
and there are some later references to it : the hundred (court) of
Wilaston 1278 Ipm, hundr' de Wilaston 1354 QW,' the hundred-
court of Wilaston 1360 Black Prince..- The name is from OE
W'iglat pn and tun 'enclosure, farm'.In the 12th and following centuries, there are some references to ano
ther hundred belonging to this district, viz. that of Caldy: Caldeihundre-dum 1183, hundredum de Caldeia 1185 P, hd ot Caldey 1285 Ch, 1304 Chamb,
1307 Ipm, hd ot Calday 1359 Deputy Keeper's 36th Rep. p. 342. It is
named from CALDY (Gt or Lt), near W. Kirby: Calders 1086 DB, ?1096-
1101 (1280) Werb, 1287 Court, utraque Caldera 1240--9 Werb, Kaldeye
1283 Ipm. Onnerod' says that the hundred-court of Caldy was quite
distinct from the manorial rights of this manor and that its jurisdiction
extended over several of th e townships adjacent, but nothing seems to be
known of its origin. The name seems to be from OE cald 'cold' and ears
'buttocks' (here = 'hill'?).
Shropshire.
There are now fourteen hundreds in Shropshire, vix. Bradford North
an d South, Pimhill, Albrighton, Oswestry, Ford, Chirbury, Condover,Purslow, Clun, Munslow, Overs,
mentions fifteen hundreds wholly
1 G. Ormerod, History of the
(1819 ed.) II 258.
• Op. cit. II 270.
Brimstree and Stottesdon; Domesday
or partly within this county, bu t the
County Palatine amI City of Chester
153152 O. S. Anderson
modern and the Domesday hundreds are by no means identical. Some of
the modern hundreds· are quite late, and some of the DB hundreds had
disappeared before the end of the twelfth century; in 1255 (RH II 64), the
number of hundreds was only ten. The DB hd of Lentevrde (I,eintwar
dine), though included in Shropshire in Domesday, is better dealt with
under Herefordshire, where the main part of its area lies. Of the hundreds
The English Hnnrlred·Names
Hodenet hvnd', Odenet hvnd' 1086 DB was named from
the manor of HODNET, to which the hundred is said to belong in
DB (f. 253a col. 2): Hodenet c. 1071-86 (1423) Mon III 520, 1200
Cur II (p), 1244 Pat, 1284 Ipm, Ode net 1086 DB, 1267 Pa t (p),
Hodeneth Wm2 (1423) Mon II I 521, 1292 Ch (p), Odinet 1215 (p),
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wholly within the present county, the DB hds of Odenet (Hodnet) and
Recordine (Wrockwardine) were combined in the 12th century to form the
present Bradford hd; that of Mersete was included in one of the marcher
liberties; those of Patintvne (Patton) and Cvlvestan are included in the
modern hd of Munslow. The remain ing DB hundreds (for that of Shrewsbury see above p. XX) were in the main prese'rved, though their names
were mostly changed, but their areas differ much from those of their mo
dern counterparts. The most salient changes are the disappearance of the
isolated areas that belonged to certain hundreds in 1086, and those which
affected the count y boundary; Chirbury hd formerly extended into the
present Wales probably as far as the Severn; in the SE. the Severn for
med the county-boundary as far north as Newton, a few miles N. of
Bridgnorth. - The old hundreds were on the whole uniform in extent,
though there are exceptions; Overs hd, for instance, which was smallest, is
only about a fifth the area of the largest DB hundred, that of Recordine;
this is also reflected in the number of hides given to each hundred in
Domesday (v. VHSa I 283). Apart from the isolated areas just mentioned,
for which Domesday is the sole authority, they were also on the whole
regular in shape; in several cases they were separated by natural bounda
ries and might represent old communities; for examples see further below.The Severn forms the boundary of Brimstree, Bradford and PimhilI hds onthe one hand, and those in the south of the county on the other.'
North an d South Bradforll bds.
In the NE. of the county, N. of the Severn and Brimstree hd, from
which it is separated by Watling Street, and by the broken country E. of
Wellington; bordering on Pimhill hd in the west, where it includes the
pars of Wem, Moreton Corbet, Shawbury and Upton Magna. In 1086
Moreton Corbet belonged to Baschurch hd, but Uffington and Albrightlee,
now in PimhiIl hd (DB Baschurch) were in this hundred; Buildwas helonged
to Condover hd in 1086. In Domesday the district is divided into the hds of
Odenet and Recordin. They correspond approximately to the modern
North and South Bradford, but Hinstock, Child's Ercall, Stoke upon Tern
and Shawbury pars, which are in N. Bradford hd, belonged to the DB hd
of Recordin.
1 In RH there is mention of a hundred (stated to contain Pickthorn)
whose name is given as hundr' de Wybth't', of which no solution has been
found. Eyton' s explanation (v. R. W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire,
London 1853-60, I 238), that it is an error for Webtree, is probably not
correct, as the MS-reading is almost certainly Wyvtht (no abbreviation
marks).
Hodenat 1284 Pat, Hoddened 1295 Ch (p). - No doubt of Celtic
origin. Professor Ekwall derives it from W hawdd 'easy', origi
nally 'pleasant', and nant 'stream, valley'; cf. also Seknent ERN
355. The village stands on a small tributary of the Tern.
Recordin(e) hel' 1086 DB, (de) duobus hundredis Wroke-
wordhina et Cunedoure 1189 Mon V 359; named from the manor of
WROCKWARDINE, to which it is stated to belong in DB (f. 253a; cf.
VHSa I, 293): Worgordina c. 1071-86 (1423) Mon II I 520, Recordine
1086 DB, Werecordina Wm2 (1423) Mon II I 521, Wroch Wurain
1169, Wrochewurain 1172, Wrochwurdin 11'77 P, Wrocwurthin
1182 P, 1238 Cl, J,Vrocwurthin' 1212 Fees, Wrecwrthin 1255 RH,
Wrecu'rthyn 1275 Pat. - The first el. is the name of the WREKIN,
a well-marked hill S. of Wellington (O,'n(!ou6noY c. 150 Ptolemeus
(Rhys 324), Viroconio 4 (8) Itinerarium Antonini (ib.),' (on, and
lang) Wrocene 975 (12) BCS 1315, Lf l Wrekene 1278, 1351, La
Wrokene 1284 Ipm, Wrokene 1300 Cl, le lVrekene 1323 Bodl,
Wrokne 1335 Cl, Wrecken 1340 Pat; also in Wocensa?tna 7 (c.1000), (in) Wreocensetun 855 (11), Wrocensetna 963 (12) BCS
297, 487, 1119; and WROXETER: Rochecestre 1086 DB, Wroccestr'
1240 Cl); second el. OE woraign 'enclosure, homestead'. Wrock
wardine is about 2 m. N. of the Wrekin. - For the variation fbetween e and 0 in the stem-vowel v. ERN 450.
Bradeford' 1203, 1221, 1249, 1256 Ass 732-4, Bradeford 1255
RH, 1264 Mise, 1267 Pat, 1290 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1327 SR, Bradford
1428 FA. - The name is derived from that of a ford near High
Ercall, of which Eyton (op. cit. VII 293, IX 65 f., 81) quotes the
forms (molendinum de) Bradeford(e) 1141-8, 1176 from the
Haughmond Cartulary. I t is from OE brad and ford 'broad ford'.
The site is lost; the ford may have been either across the Tern
or the Roden, which join S. of High Ercall, but the most likely
place is perhaps where the road from High Ercall to Shrewsbury
crosses the Roden, a mile SW. of High Ercall village.
, Both properly referring to the Roman station nr the Wrekin, i. e.
Wroxeter.
I
154 0. 8. Anderson
Pimhill hd.
W. of Bradford hd, N. of the Severn, bordering on Oswestry hd in the
west, where it includes Ellesmere, Hordley, Baschurch, Gt and Lt Ness
and Shrawardine. With the exceptions noted under Bradford, and with
the addition of the modern par of Ruyton, now in Oswestry hd, and of
four isolated areas one including Shifnal and Kemberton (Brimstree hd),
The English Hundred-Names 155
on a small stream called Pimbroc 12 Eyton VII 308, Pymbrok'
1292 Ass (ERN 54): Punelegam 1136 (c. 1290) Mon III 519,
Pimbelega c. 1190 Eyton VII 305, Pimelberge (sic) 1201 Cur,
Pimbeleg' (p) 1203, Pimbelee (p) 1221 Ass 732 m 6d, 733A m 11,
Pimelegarn 1227 (c. 1290) Mon IH 523, Pimbeleg 1252 Eyton
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one Neenton, Cleobury North and BUIwarton (Stottesdon hd), one Sidbury
(ib.), and the fourth Chelmarsh (ib.; see map in VHSa I), the present
hundred corresponds to:
Basecherch(e) (passim), Basecherc (passim), Bascherche hd'
1086 DB; named from the manor of B . ~ S C H U R C H , to which thehundred belonged (DB f. 253a, and VIISa I 293): Bassecherche
c. 1071-86 (1423) Mon III 520, 1204 P 50 (p), Bascherche 1086
DB, Bassecherch Wm2 (1423) Mon II I 521, Baschirche 1100-12
(1267) Ch, Bascerce 1121 Eyton X 69 (copy), Bascherch' (p)
1217 Cl, Bassecherch' (p) 1221 Ass 733A m 9d, Baschirche 1255
RH, Bassechirch 1256 (1332) Ch, Bassichurch' 1256 Cl, Baschyrche
1272, Bassech'irche 1292 Ass 736 m 38d, 739 m 70d, Bastchyrch'
1327 SR. - Probably from OE Bassa pn and cirice 'church"I (Bowcock).'
Pemhull' 1203 Ass 732 m 2d, Pebenhull' 1221 Fees, Penbenhull,
Pendenhull 1255 RH, Pemenhull' 1256 Ass 734 m 25d, 1274 RIl,
1292, 1307 Ass 739 m 46, 746 m 3, 1327 SR, Pymenhull' 1272,
1292 Ass 736 m 39, 739 m 55, 1332 SR 166/2, Pimehull 1285 FA,
Pymehull 1290 Ipm, Purnenhull' 1292 Ass 739 m 94, Pymenhull
1316, 1346, 1428 FA. - The name is derived from that of
PIM HILL, a conspicuous hill in Preston Gubbals par, 4 m. S. of
Wem. The hill itself is referred to in (Lee subtus) Pebenhul c.
1220-60 Eyton X 172 f. (now Lea Hall); (vivarium de) Pimenhull'
1256 As s 734 m 22d. - The name should no doubt be connec
ted with that of PlMLEY Manor, about 4 m. SSE. of Pim Hill,
1 Professor Zachriswn (ZONF VI 43---6) rejects this etymology, as
few early forms show the medial e to be expected, and suggests derivation
from an OE base *b(ps, *base, related to Norw dial bas 'underwood' etc.
The forms in -e- are, however, commoner than Bowcock's material shows.
Baschurch can hardly be named from the pool called Bassmere in the 15th
cent. (now Marton Pool; v. Eyton X 78; called simply Mara 1199, la Mere
1240-50 etc. ib., also 134-8), as the pool is nearly 2 m. NE. of the viI, in
another parish; the reverse process seems more likely. The Welsh form
Eglwysseu bassa (J. Lloyd-Jones, Geirfa Barddoniaeth Gynnar Gymrmg
(1931), s. v. Baschurch) tells distinctly in favour of the pn-derivation.
VII 308, Pembeleg' (p) 1255 RH, Pirnbelbll (sic) 1275 Cl, Pympe
leye 1291 Tax, Pembeley (p) 1327 SR, Pembeleye 1327 Pa t (p),
1332 SR 166/2 m 2, Pympley 1535 VE. - The first el. is probably
OE Pymma pn, as suggested by Bowcock for Pimley (cf. perhaps
also the common ME pn Pimme, Pymme, e. g. Fees 1196 (Nt);
1251 Ch (Np), 1260 Court (Ch), 1293 AD IV 151 (Mx); 1289 Cl
(Ch), et passim); v. also ERN 1. c. - Second elements OE hyll
'hill' and le(iI)h 'clearing'.
The modern Albrighton hd is not mentioned by Eyton, and not in the
Population Abstract of 1841, but there it corresponds to the Albrighton
Division of Pimhill hd; the hundred no doubt originated as a Petty Sessions
division, but it is difficult to say why this particular division is regarded
/LS a separate hundred. That it cannot be an old hundred is seen from Pim
Hill itself being in this hundred.
Oswestry hd.
The NW. corner of the county, N. of the Severn, and W. of Pimhi ll hd.
With the exception noted above under Pimhill, it corresponds to:
Merset(e) hd' 1086 DB.
OE *(ge)mer(e)setan 'the border-settlers'. The PNs MAESBURY
(Meresberie 1086 DB, Meresbury 1302 Ipm, 1307 Pat) and
MAEsBRooK (Meresb1'Oc 1086 DB) in this hundred, may have
the same origin (derived by Bowcock from OE Mrere pn). Cf. also
(parcum de) ;'rlarsetelie DB (Sa).A hd of OSW.;STRY is sometimes mentioned in the 13th century, and later,
e. g. (de assise de) Albo Monasterio . .. (de placitis et perquisitionibus
nundinis et) hundredo 1242 P, hd of Oswaldestre 1279 Pat, 1282 Cl, hu de
Albo Monasterio 1285 Cl, but these examples may refer to the barony of
Oswestry. The modern hundred was created in 1535 (cf. above p. XXI),
and not till after that date does it occur on the subsidy rolls (Hundr' de
Oswester 1544 SR 166/161 m 1).
Ford hd.
On the Welsh border, S. of the Severn and of Oswestry and Pimhill
hds, bordering in the south on Chirbury hd and in the east on Condover hd,
from which it is separated by the hilly district E. and S. of Pontesbury;
including the pars of Alberbury, Wollaston, Westbury, Minsterley, Hab
berley, Pontesbury, Gt Hanwood, Ford, Bicton, and Montford (part). With
156 O. S. Anderson
the exception of Bansley, now in .Montgomeryshire, the hundred corres
ponds to:
Rvesset, Reweset (1) hund' 1086 DB.
The name may be derived from W rhiw 'hill' (cf. Scandina
vians 111, IPN 25) and OE setan 'settlers', as suggested by Profes
sor Ekwall. This may have reference to the Long Mountain,
157he English Hundred·Names
seem to gain support from the occurrence of the same name
elsewhere (Witentre, la Witetre 1206 Cur, in Compton Sr). Cf.
also (on) witena leage BCS 1312.
Hundred' de Chireb' 1203 Ass 73? m 2, llundredum de Chirisbir'
1226-8 Fees, hd of Cholebiry on this side Offedich 1 1233 Pat,
Hundr' de Chirburi 1255 RH, de Chirbury 1316 FA, hd of Cher
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which forms the western boundary of the hundred, and the name
would thus mean 'the settlers by the mountain'.
Hundr' de Ford' 1203 Ass 732 m 2, Hundredum de Forda
1221, de la Ford' 1252 Fees, de Forde 1255 RH, 1316 FA, 1327SR, Hundr' de la Forde 1256 Ass 734 m 25d. - This name is
apparently derived from that of the viI. of FORD, in the NE. of
the hundred, on a tributary of the Severn (Forde 1086 DB, 1177 P,
Forda 1160 P, 1226-8 Fees, Forthe1260 Abbr).
Chirbury bd.
On the Welsh border, S. of Ford hd, in the valley of the Camlad,
separated from the hundreds to the east by the Long .Mynd, and the hilly
district to the west of it, including the pars of Worthen, Shelve, Chirbury,and the townships of Brompton and Rhiston. In DB it also includes Mont
gomery and a number of other manors W. and S. of the present hundred,
probably extending to the Severn in the west. "Part of its area became
marcher land and the portion W. of the present hundred was placed in
Montgomeryshire in 1536 (VHSa I 287). The old name of the hundred is:Witentrei, Witetrei, Witentrev, Witetrev hd' 1086 DB, hd of
Whityntren (for -treu) 1329 Pat. l- The name is preserved in
WITTERY (hamlet), and WlTTERY BRIDGE (6"), half a mile E. of
Chirbury, on the other side of the Camlad; the place is referred
to as: Wintr' 1228 Lib, Wittintre, TVytintr' (p) 1250, Wyntintr'
1252 Fees, Wititre 1255 RH, Wyttere, Whytintr' 1256, Whytitre
1272 Ass 734 m 25, 736 m 41, Wyntre (p) n. d., Wyttrue (p) 1370
.AD I, Whittre 1354 Pat. - The first el . may be OE Wita pn,
but it is also possible that the name may represent OE *witena
treo 'the tree of the men of the hundred'! The latter view might
1 Identified with Whittington (Oswestry hd), but this must be a
mistake. The places mentioned as belonging to this hundred in the entry
(Gt and Lt Hemme, Werbeton, Yornebury (for Th·), Norton, Eldeston,
Wedleston and Weston) are in the part of Montgomery included in Witen
trev hd in DB (f. 254a, col. 1).
2 A similar sense of OE 1vita is found in the p a s ~ a g e : pa sende se
cyning . . . his in segel to palm] (sc. scir·) gemote :et Cwicelmes-hl:ewe and
grette ealle pa witan pe p:er gesomnode W:Bron .. . KCD 693.
bury and Halseten 2 1332 Pat.The name is taken from that of the manor of CHIRBURY, to which the
hundred is stated to belong in DB (L 253b, colI): (mt) Cyricbyrig 915 ASC
(C), Cireberie 1086 DB, Chirebir' 1224 Cl, Chirebiri 1227 Ch, Cherebyri 1290Ipm; for the etymology v. PP N 35-54, esp. 40 f.
Condover bd.E. of Cl1irbury and Ford hds, S. of Shrewsbury and the Severn, W. of
Wenlock Edge, bounded by Purslow and Munslow hds on the south, where
it includes the pars of Smethcott, Woolstaston, Leebotwood, Longnor,
Frodesley, Church Preen and Kenley; it is separated from these hundredsby the Long Mynd and the hilly district round Cardington. In Domesday
it also includes Ratlinghope, now in Purslow hd, and Buildwas, now in
Bradford hd; Sheinton is now in Stottesdon hd.
COTlOdovre, C o n e d O ' l ~ r e , hand' Conendoure 1086 DB, Hundred'
de CundouT' 1203 Ass 732 m 2, Hundredum de Cuned01.rr' 1221
Fees, hundred' de Conedover 1255 RH, Hundredum de Conedovere
1285 FA, de Conedouere 1332 SR 166/2.The name is derived from that of the manor of CONDOVER, to which the
hundred belonged in 1086 (DB f. 253a, and VHSa I 293): Chonedoura c,
1 Offa's Dike, which here forms the boundary between Shropshire and
Montgomeryshire.• There are several references to this place in early records. In 1249
Misc, the yearly rents of (del) Halchseten are said to be valued at £ 5. In
1318 Mise (Cl) the men of the townships of Brompton and Rhiston in
Chirbury hd are said to owe no suit to the court of Halsetene (-tone). It
is called Halcetour 1425 Ipm and the lordship of Halcetyr 1483 AD n.Eyton (op. cit. XI 73 note 2) says that it was the name of a district or
manor, which included the pa r of Churchstoke (co. Montgomery, S. of
Chirbury) except the manors of Brompton and Rhiston; with parts of
Hopton, Mellington and Bishop's Tiertref(?). 'Somewhere in this district
thus defined', he says, no doubt referring to the quotation from 1318, 'sat
the court which in Edward I1's time regulated the civil concerns of the
whole Bailiwick of Montgomery Castle'. It seems likely that Halseten
may be the name of this meeting-place itself its second el. being OE seten,
perhaps referring to some building used for the purpose; cf. seten PNSx
561 f.
I
158 O. S. Anderson
1 1 7 1 ~ 6 (1423) .Man III 520, Conendovre 1086 DB, Cunedofre 1169 P,
Cunedovr' 1212 Fees.
The first el. is the name of the COUND BROOK, on which the
village stands; the second may be W dwfr 'water' or OE ofer
'bank'; v. ERN 99.
Purs]ow bd.
The English Hundred-Names 159
dington. Patintvne hd was N. of Cvlvestan hd, E. and S. of Condover hd,
mainly S. of Wenlock Edge, extending northwards to the Severn, and
ineluding Lt Wenlock and Madeley to the north of the Severn. It included
Ticklerton, Millichope, Stanway, Shipton, Stanton Long, Tugford, Clee St
~ f a r g a r e t and Stoke St MHborough in the south, an d Abdon, Ditton
Priors, Acton Round, Barrow, PosenhalJ and Benthall in the east, and,
detaehed, Beekbury and Higford (Brimstree hd). The N. part of this
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In the SW. of the county, mainly S. of the Long ~ f y n d and the hilly
region to the west of it, including the pars of More, Wentnor and Ratling-
hope in the north, and those of Myndtown, Wistanstow, Sibdon Carwood,
Hopesay and Clungunford in the east. It corresponds in the main to the
DB hd of (De)rinlav, hut Ratlinghope was in Condover hd, and Wistan-
stow, Clungunford, Bedstone, Bucknell and Stow in Lentevrde (Leint
wardine) hd in 1086. The western part of the distriet is now ealled Clun
hd; it is uneertain in how far this distriet was ineluded in the DB hd of
(De)rinlav (ef. VHSa I 287).
Derinlav (1), Rinlav (3) hcnd' 1086 DB.
Second el. apparently OE hHlw 'hill, mound', but the explana
tion of the first el. must be left open; it is even uncertain whether
the first form or the second is the original one.
I Pusselawahundredum 1183 P, Htmdred' de Pusselawe 1203
Ass 732 m 2, 1 2 2 ~ 8 Fees, 1255 RH, 1311 Cl, Pusselowe hd
1272 Ipm, 1316 FA (hundredum de), 1327 SR, hd Of Posselowe
1290 Ipm, 1428 FA.The name is derived from that of the viI. of PURSLOW, 4 In . E. of Clun:
Posselav 1086 DB, Posselawe 1242 Fees, Pusselawe 1256 Ass 734 ID 17.
First el. probably OE Pusa pn (from OE pusa 'bag'; cf. RediD
78); second el. OE hliiw 'hill, mound'.
ClUD hd is the name of the SW. corner of the county, W. of Purslow
hd, including the pars of Clun, Mainstone, Bettws-y-Crwyn and Llanfair
Waterdine. The hundred of Clun (de Cluna) is mentioned in a ehar ter as
early as c. 1225 (Eyton op. cit. XI 230), but there is no reference to it in
public records till the 16th century (Hundred de Clone 1542 SR 222/335).
Clun was also the caput of the honour of Clun, and it is the honour that
has been made into a hundred, as in the ease of Oswestry above; cf.
Eyton XI 229.
Muns]ow bd .
E. of Purslow hd, S. of Condover hd, bordering on Herefordshire in
the south. It is eomposed of the Domesday hds of Cvlvestan and Patintvne
and part of Lente'vrde (All, Chureh and Lt Stretton, Minton, Acton Scott
and Plaish). Cvlvestan hd included the southern part of the present
hundred, S. of Wenlock Edge, W. of the Clee Hills and Overs hd, in
Corve Dale, with a detached portion including Hope Bowdler and Car-
distriet belonged to the liberty ofW enlock, fonned shortly before 1200,
but for purposes of taxation, at least, the whole of it was included in
Munslow hd (v. SR 1327). After the abolition of the liberty of Wenlock
the pars belonging to it were divided between Munslow, Brimstree and
Stottesdon hds.
Cvlvestan (passim), Colmestan(e) (2), Comestane (1) 1086 DB.
Perhaps i d ~ n t i c a l with Cuttleston St (above p. 146), from OE
CiiJYWulf pn. and stan 'stone'. The forms in lm might be due to
confusion >yith Culmington (in this hundred): Cornintone 1086 DB,
Colminton' 1161, Culminton 1195 P.
Patint1m(e) hund', Patinton hund' 1086 DB is named from
PATTON, a locality 1 m. E. of Easthope, on the main road from
Wenlock to Ludlow: Peat(t)ingtune 901 BCS 587, Patintvne 1086
DB, Patinton' 1214 Cl (p), 1255 RH, 1256 Ass 734 ID 21, Patyton'
1327 SR. - The first el. is a derivative of OE *Peat(t)a pn, also
in Peat(t)anige BCS 1118 (Patney W); second el. OE tun 'farm';
cf. Karlstrom 88, who connects the name with that of the lost
DB manor of Petelie (Patintvne hd); cf. also Pattingham St.
Mulselawahundredwn 1187 P, Hundred' de Musselawe 1203
Ass 732 m 2, 1221 Fees, 1256 Ass 734 II I 18, Tlundr' de Munselawe
1255 RH, hd Of Munceloue 1261 Pat, of Munselau 1274 Ipm,
Hundredum de Monselowe 1285 FA, de Munselowe 1316 FA,
1327 SR.The name is derived from that of the viI. of .ltluNsLOw, near the Corve
6 m. SE. of Church Stretton: lIlulsleie, -laye 1108---15 (1348) Eyton TTT 233
(ef. Pat Ed3 vol. 8 p. 186), lflosselau'a 1167, Musselawa 1187 P, Mosselawe
1242 Fees, lIfuscelawe 1252 Pat, Munselowe 1252 Cl, 1266 Pat, Mounselowe
(p) 1321 Cl, 1347 Pat.
Bowcock starts from the form MUlsleie, which (if belonging
here) seems to be supported by an early P form, and explains
the first el. from OE Mill pn; but this leaves the later formsunexpl ained. I think the two forms in -l- may be disregarded
as due to AN influence (cf. IPN 1060. This presupposes that
the forms in -ns- are the original ones. Th e first el. ma y be a pn,
but a definite suggestion is difficult (connected with OE Mund-?
Ii.·(,
160 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 161If. Redin 172). Cf. Munsley He (Bannister). Second el. OE hUiw
'hill, mound'.
Overs hd.
A small district in the south of the county, E. and S. of Munslow hd,
W. and S. of the Clee Hills, bordering on Stottesdon hd in the east, inclu
ding the pars of Silvington, Bitterley, Neen Sollars, Milson, Boraston, Bur.
c. 1 m. S. of Shifnal; the place is referred to as (the field of)
Brunestree a 1231 Eyton II 327. - First el. perhaps OE BryTli
pn; second el. OE treo 'tree'.
hundredum de Stodesdone c. 1157 By ton IV 242, Hundred'
de Stottesdun' 1203 Ass 732 m 2d, de Stottesdon' 1221 Fees, de
Stottesden' 1255 RH, de Stoteresdon 1285 FA, de Stottresdon'
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ford, Nash, Whitton and- Greet. In DB Caynham and Coreley pars, which
are now in Stottesdon hd and divide the pars of Bitterley and Silvington
from the rest of the hundred, were also in Overs hd; v. Eyton op. cit. IV
298 f. Neen SoHars was in Condetret (Stottesdon) hd in 1086.
Ovret hd', Ovre hd' 1086 DB, Our' 1203 Ass 732 m 2, Lovre
1221 Fees, Overes 1252 Fees, 1255 RH, 1285 FA, 1308 Ipm, 1316,
1428 FA, Owes 1274 rpm, 1330 Cl. - OE oter 'bank'. Cf. OVERS
in Ratlinghope (near the E. OnDy R); iJvre 1086 DB, des Oures
1236 Cl. For the final -t of the DB-form cf. IPN 94.
Brimstree hd. Stottesdon lId.
These two hundreds occupy the SE. portion of the county; the former
is (mainly) E. of the Severn and S. of Bradford hd, extending southwards
as far as Worfield and Claverley (inclusive). Stottesdon hd includes the
rest of the district, E. of ~ f u n s l o w and Overs hds. In DB the district is
also divided into two hundred8, those of Alnodestrev and Condetret. The
former roughly corresponds to the present Brimstree hd, but also inclu
ded a considerable area. W. of the Severn, E. of the DB hd of Patintvne, in
c4Iding Aston Botterell, Middleton Scriven, Deuxhill, Glazeley and Eardington in the south. Condetret hd consisted of the S. part of the pre
sent Stottesdon hd. The district Eo of the Severn, as far north aB Wor
field (inclusive) belonged to Staffordshire in 1086 (except Quatford).
Alnodestrev, Elnoelstrvi, Elnoelstrv(i)l hd' 1086 DB.
OE LElfnop (probably) pn and OE treo 'tree'. For the final
-l v. IPN 94.
Condetret, Condretret (1) hd' 1086 DB.
First el. perhaps OE Cunda pn (Forssner 57, Redin 62; cf.
also CUDliffe PNLa 73). Second el. OE treo 'tree'; for the -t cf.
Doddingtree above p. 142, and v. IPN 94. Conditre 1317 AD VI
96 (Walton, S. of Stottesdon) may be a trace of the Dame.
Brunestr' 1203 Ass 732 ID 1, 1327 SR 166/1, Brunestre 1221
Ass 733A m 9, 1255 RH, 1256, 1272 Ass 734 m 24d, 736 m 22,Brimnestr' (for Brunnes-?) 1226-8 J<'ees, Bromstre, Brumstre 1272
Ass 736 ID 22d, 23, Brenestre 1285 FA, Brunestrete 1292 QW, Bremistre 1316 FA, Brunnestr' 1332 SR 166/2, Bremistree 1346. iBrynstre 1431 FA. - The hundred is named from BRIMSTREE Hill,
1327 SRThe name is derived from that of the viI. of STOTTF:SDOK, 7 m. SSW. of
Bridgnorth: Stotesdona c. 1071-86 (1423) Mon II I ti20, Stodesdone 1086
DB, Stottesdun' 1160, Stodesdon' 1162, 1167, Stottesdon' 1180 P, Stotersdun' 1223. Stotesdon 1237 Cl, Stotieresdon 1317 AD VI.
First el. probably OE stod 'stud of horses'; second el. OE dun
'hill'; cf., however, Zachrisson ESt 62, 104; also Stadson PNDv
132.
Herefordshire.
The number of the modern Herefordshire hundreds is eleYen. In Do
mesday sixteen are mentioned,> to which may be added Lentevrde (Leint
wardine), which was in Shropshire in 1086. As in the ca.se of Shropshire,
the modern hundreds by no means agree with the Domesday ones. All the
hundred-names recorded in Domesday have peri shed, except Wolphy,
Stretford, Radlow, Greytree and Wormelow, but most of the modern
hundreds so named are very different in area from their Domesday counterparts. In most rases the Domesday hundreds have been combined by
twos to form modern hnndreds. The hundredal division has also been
influenced by changes in the county boundary and the like. In 1086 the
larger portion of the part of the county that is W. and S. ot the river
Wye was still Welsh amI only partly hidated. The Dore valley seems to fave formed the SW. boundary of the county at that period (VHHe I 266).
In the NW. the county was more extensive, including part of the modern
county of Radnor as well (part of this district belonged to Lentevrde hd,
and was consequent ly in Shropshi re in 1086).' After the Conquest the {district included in Lerdevrde, Hesetre and the greater part of Elsedvne
hds, in the west of the county, was placed under marcher jurisdiction, and
nothing further is heard about hundreds in these parts till the 16th cen
tury (1535) when the district (as also Ewyas Lacy hel) was again included
in Herefordshire . - The DB hd of Lene is mentioned only once and is
made to include apparently only part of the modern Kingsland par. Thename of Lene must originally have been applied to a considerable district
1 Tragetrev is in all probability a mere error for *Grayetrev; see under
Greytree, below. Svlcet is probably to be judged in the same way: see note
to Wolphy.
11
r
O. S. Anderson62
on the Arrow and the Lugg (v. ERN 248), and may have been used as a
hundred-name, bu t it is difficult to see the reason for the arrangement shown
in DB. - In the 12th century and later, there is reference to a hd of
LEOMIKSTER (hundreda de Redingia et de Leoministria c. 1125 EHR 39, 80,
Hundr' de Leimenistr' 1215 Cl, Leomenistr' 1242 Fees, Hundredum intrin-
The English Hundred-Names 163
For WIG)IORE hd (hundred' de IVigmore 15,11 SR 117/123) see
above p_ XXI.
Wolphy lId.In the north of the county, E. of Wigmore hd, including in the west
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secum, forinsecum de Lemenistr' 125fi Ass 300C m 29, 35, Hundredum
de Leoministre 1303, 1346 FA). This 'hundred' consisted of a number of
scattered vills belonging to the manor of Leorninster (DB f. 180, VHHe I
284 f.). - The Domesday hundreds were of roughly equal extent: theyseem also as a rule to have been compact and fairly regular in shape, but
their boundaries are sometimes uncertain. For detached parts belonging
to Cvtethorn and Stretford hds see below. Hesetre hd is very long and
straggling, but its southern portion, that between the Arrow and the
Lugg, may originally have been a separate hundred (cf. above). - The
hundredS are divided into different blocks by the rivers Wye and Lugg,
bu t otherwise they do not seem on the whole to have been separated by
natural boundaries.
,Wigmore hd.
Consists of the NW. portion of the county, including the pars of Aston,
Elton and Aymestrey (part) in the east, and Byton, Combe, Tilley and
Harpton in the south. In Domesday only the SE. part of the district is
referred to Herefordshire, and is included in Hesetre hd. The remaining
part, including Lingen, Walford, Adforton and Leintwardine in the east,belonged to Lentevrde (Leintwardine) hd, which was in Shropshire. This
hundred also included some manors in the south of modern Shropshire,
an d two detached areas farther north (see under Purslow and Munslow
above): also part of modern Radnorshire, including Cascob in the west.
Hesetre also includ ed the district between the Arrow and the Lugg (ex
cept part of Kingsland), now in Stretford hd, and part of Radnorshir.e to
the south of that which was in Lentevrde hd.
Lentevrd(e) hd' 1086 DB is named from the viI. of LEINTWARDlNE,
on Watling Street at the confluence of the rivers Teme and Chm:
Lentevrde 1086 DB, Lenttuwurda 1180 P, Leintewurthe 1221 Ass
733A m 5, Leynwarthin 1256 Ass 734 m 7, Lentword. Hy3 BM,
Leintwarthin (p) 1277 Heref, Leyntwardyn 1303 Ipm. - Professor
Ekwall suggests (ERN 250) that the first el. is an old name of
the lower Clun, or else W lliant 'torrent, flood, stream' used asa common noun. The second el. is OE wor p 'farm, enclosure',
replaced by wor pign.
Hezetre, Hesetre (facs. ed.) hd' 1086 DB.
OE *hceseltreo 'hazel-bush'; for the loss of the 1 cf. Hazelbury
W: Heselberi 1001 KCD 706, Haseberie (4) 1086 DB (Ekblom),
Hessle YER (above p. 16), and Zachrisson ANInfl 152 f.
the pars of Lucton, Eyton and Leominster, and in the south those of Hope
under Dinmore, Stoke Prior, Humber, Docklow an d Hatfield and, deta-
ched, Sarnesfield an d parts of Almeley and Kinnersley, Edvin Ralph and
Rochfonl (transferred to Worcs in 1837). The extent of the DB hundredof this name was approximately the same.
Vlfei, Wlfagie (1), Vlfegie (1) 1086 DB,' Wulfheie 1221 Ass
300A m 1, lVulfeye 1242 Fees, 1275 RH, Wlfhey 1249 Fees, Wol-
feheye 1256 Ass 300C ID 32, Wolfhey 1292 QW, Wolfeye 1303,
1346 FA, Wolfheye 1306 Ass 306 ID 6, 1334 SR 117/4, 1428 FA,
Wolfey 1428 FA. - - OE *wulf-(ge)hceg 'hay in which wolves are
caught'; ef. ET Suppl s. v. g e h ~ g ; NED s. v. ha y sb2; EPN,
Holthausen s. v. h:l?g; for the sense PNLa 93 s. v. Wolfenden;
DB f. lS7a, col. 2: fb i est una haia in qua q!tod potest capere
captal; f. 260a col. 2: I if haice capreolis capiendis; and VHHe
I 295; cf. also: (a park called) Wulfheye 1307 Cl fNewhall Db);
Wu.lfhaia 1222 PNNp 263. - The site is lost, but there is a place
called the HUNDRED (also a Hundred Lane) at the junction of Eye,
Middleton on the Hill and Kimbolton pars. If this was the place,
the 'hay' may have been in the woods just N. of the 'Hundred'.
Stretford bd.S. of Wigmore hd an d W. of Wolphy hd, including in the south the
pars of King's Pyon, Weobley, Kinnersley and Letton, bordering on
Grimsworth hd, and in the. west those of Almeley and Lyomhall, borde
ring on Huntington hd. The corresponding DB hundred was much smaller;
it feerns only to have extended to the Arrow in the north, and as far as
Pembridge(?) in the west; in the south and east the boundaries seem to
haye remained unchanged. In 1086 the hundred seems also to have inclu
ded a detached area S. of the Wye including Dorstone, :Moccas(?), Preston,
1 The DB hd of Svlcet, a name that occurs only once (f. 187a; it is
stated to include a place called Etone, identified (VHHe I 343) with
?Eaton in Foy) may be simply a scribal error for *Wulfei or the like,
though it is true the contents of the entry seem to place it in the Welsh
district (cf., however, op. cit. 292). Etone might be Eyton or Eaton (or
Leominster); the suggestion might be proyed (or disproved) by tracing
the descents of these manors. If it is the name of an independent hundred,
I can offer no solution.
,
165--
..., 1 .
, 1 ~ ' ,
:164 O. S. Anderson
'Tyberton, Madley (part?), Eaton Bishop, AlIensmore and Clehonger
(part?).'
Stradford, Stratford hd' 1086 DB, Straffordhundr' 1169, Strad
!ord'hdr' 1175, Stratford'hundredum 119:3 P, Strafford' 1221 Ass
300A m 1, Hundredum de Stratford' 1230 P, 1242 Fees, hundredum
The English Humlred·Names
Grimswortb M.
Between the rivers Lugg and Wye, S. of Stretford hd. It was formed
in the 12th century from the DB hds of Stepleset and CvtethoT71, the for
mer of which consisted of the western portion of the modern hundred,
extending eastwards as far as Wormsley, Mansell Lacy, Bishopstone and
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de Stretforde Hy3 Mise, Hundr' de Stretford' 1256, 1292 Ass 300C
m 32d, 302 m 68d, 1334 SR 117/4,.Stratforde 1275 RH, Hundredwn
de Stretford 1303, 1428, de Stratford 1346 FA. - T he hundredis in . all probability named from the ford where Watling Street
crosses the Stretford Brook, which also gives name to the viI. of
STRETFORD (Stratford 1086 DB, Stretford' (p) 1256 Ass 300C m
32d, Stretforde 1277 Heref, Stratford 1341 NI), 4 m. SW. of
Leominster. - - From OE stret 'street' and ford. There is another
STRETFORD 2 m. SE. of Leominster (Stretford 1376 Pat).
Huntington hll.
On the Welsh border, W. of Stretford hd and S. of Wigmore hd,
including the par of Clifford in the south. This district was mainly in the
DB hd of Elsedvne, but there can be no direct connection between these
two hundreds, as the former was created in 1535 out of a marcher lord
ship. Elsedvne hd was considerably larger than the modern hd, including
also the modern pars of Letton, Kinnersley, Almeley, Lyonshall and
Titley, now in Stretford and Wigmore hds, but it was bounded by the
Wy e on the south.
Elsed1m(e) hd' 1086 DB was apparently named from ELSJ)ON,
now a hamlet. 1 m. SW. of LyonshalL Ellesdon' (p) 1256 Ass 300C
m 23, Ellesdon(e) 1347 Cl, ?Hellysdon' (p) 1379 SR 117/16 (sub
Leonale). - To judge from the DB form, the first el. might be
OE El(e)sa pn (Redin 95), also found in ELSI:-IG Nf (PNing 77)
and in ELSENHAM Ess (Elsenham 1086 DB, 1254 Norwich, Elsene
ham 1248 Ch). The later forms, on the other hand, might point
to OE ~ E l l i pn, though this ought strictly to give ME Al- in tl1is
dialect (cf. Ekwall, Contributions 40 f., PNLa 145 s. n. Alston);
the material is too scanty to allow of quite safe conclusions.
Second el. OE dun; the reference must be to the hill to the west
of Elsdon, probably the meeting-place of the hundred.
For HUNTINGTON hd (Hundred' de l luntJlngton' 1541 SR 117/
122) see above p. XXI. It is named from HUNTlNGTON, 4 m. SW.
of King-ton.
, Fo r Lene hd see above p. 161.
Kenchester; the latter consisted of its eastern part, surrounding Here
ford, but according to the rubrication of DB, the castelries of Ewyas Ha
rold and Richard's Castle also belonged to this hundred.
Stepleset (passim), Stfl!pleset (1), Stapel (1) hd' 1086 DB.From OE *stepel-setan 'the settlers near the steeple'? (referring
to some natural object, a hill or the like?).
Cl'tethorn, Cvtestorn, Cvtestornes hd', hund' . . . C'histestornes
(1) 1086 DB. -. The first el. is perhaps to be connected with
:ModE cut, ME kutte(n) , kitte(n), kette(n) 'to cut'. 'Pollarded
thorn -tree'? Cf. Cutmill PNWo 91, Cutth orn Gill PNSx 513, and
for the sense a name like Copthorne (EPN s. v. coppede).
Grimesworne lmndr' 1169, Grimeswrosnehdr' 1175, 1193,
Grimeswurdehundredum 1185 P, Grimeswosn' 1221 Ass 300A
m 1, GrimesU'rosne 1242 Fees, 1256 Ass 300C m 27, Grimewosen
1251-2 Fees, Grymmeswrosne 1254 Mise, 1292 Ass 302 m 52,
Grimeswrose 1275 RH, 1306 Ass 306 m 9, Grimmeswrosene 1292QW, Grymeswrosn' 1295 SR 117/2, Grymeswrosne 1322 Inq aqd,
Grimeswrosen 1346, Grymeswros, Grimesworth 1428 FA. - For
the first el. cf. Grimley PNWo 126 f., Grimspound PNDv 482. Itis hardly a pn, as it only occurs in nature-names. Grim was
probably the name of some figure in popular superstition, no t
necessarily the devil, as some of the names at least may date
from heathe n times. One migh t compare Da (kirke)grim, Norw
(fosse)grim (from ON grimr). - The second el. is OE wriisn
'nodus'; cf. Wrens Nest Hill PNWo 290. Further examples are:
Wrosenhulslade 1331 AD II 150, TVrosenhul n. d. AD II I (Welton
Np); le MogwTOsene 12b7, 11ugrozen 1571 PNNp 274 (Cosgrove
Np);· Wrosenhey, Wroseney 1462 AD V (Boreham Ess), Swyne
wrose 1345 AD II I (Edenham Li). - The sense of the word in thefirst two instances is apparently 'hill', 'hill-knot' (PNWo). I f the
place called the 'Hundred Pit' in Credenhill. where the hundred
court used to be held/ represents the old meeting-place of the
, J. Duneumb: Collections towards the History and Antiquities of the
County of Hereford, vo!. V p. 1.
1
1
166 O. S. Anderson
hundred, the Herefordshire name may have denoted some part.
of Credenhill Hil!.
Broxash hd.
E. of the Lugg, in the NE. of the county, S. of Wolphy hd, bordering
on Radlow hd in the south, where it includes the pars of Stanford Bishop,
Avenbury, Stoke Lacy, Much Cowarne, Ocle Pychard and Withington. It
The English Hundred-Names 167
Radlow lld,
In the east of the county, S. of Broxash hd, bordering on Gr,eytree hd
in the south, where it includes the pars of Lt Marcle, Aylton, Pixley, Tar
rington, Stoke Edith, Weston Beggard, Bartestree and Lugwardine. The
DB hd of Radelav only included the W. portion of this district, as far Eo
as Evesbatch, Castle and Canon Frome, lII:unsley and Lt Marcle (inclu
sive), apparently also Much Marcle, now in Greytree, and one hide in Mathon
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I
corresponds on the whole to the DB hds of Thornlav and Plegeliet, though
the boundaries are somewhat uncertain in some places; Much Cowarne
seems to have been in the DB hd of Radelav (Radlow). Tornelav consi
sted of the western part of the district, including Pencombe and Ullings.wick in the east. Edvin Loach was in Wores till 1893.
T hornlav, Tornelavves hd',. 1 ' o r n e l w l . ' , ~ hd' 1086 DB.
OE *porn-hliiw 'thorn-tree hill'.
Plegeliet (passim), Plegelget(e) (2) hd' 1086 DB.
Second el. OE geat 'gate, narrow pa8sage'. First el. probably
OE Pleghelm pn as kindly suggested by Mr. F. T. S. Houghton.
For the loss of the -m- cf. e. g. Beni(n)col DB (Benningholme
YEH: Beningholm (p) 1193 P) . Similar hundred-names are KIFTS-
GATE (Chettesihat DB) and RAPSGATE (Respiget(e), Respiet DB,
Respiate 1169 P) GI.
Brokeshashr' 1169, Brakesessehdr' 1175, Brokesaishundredum
1178, Blokesessehundredum 1180, Brochesashundredum 1193 P,
Brokeshasse 1226-8 Fees, Broekesesse 1242, Brokesas 1252 Fees,Brokesesch 1254 Mise, Brokcsasse 1256 As s 300C m 24, Brochesasse
1275 RH, Brokesesche 1277 Pat, Brockesasshe 1292 As s 302 ID 52,
Brockeshashe 1316 FA. - The name survives in BRoxAsH Wood
(Old 1" OS, also 6"), referred to as Brockeshes 1186 (14) Glouc
(Bannister), on the boundary of Little Cowarne and UlIingswick
pars, near the boundary between the DB hundr eds. A HUNDRED
BANK is marked in the SE. corner of the wood, and it was accor
dingly the hundred meeting-place. - The second el. seems to
be OE resc 'ash-tree'; the first el. is perhaps to be connected with
the OE broce found in broccesham BCS 506 (Broxham Kt),
broccres !drew KCD 673 (Ha), brocces slrede BCS 1299 (Wo), which
Mawer (MLR 14, 235) derives from OE bmcc 'badger' or, less
likely, ...Brocc pn. If this case is analogous the pn-derivation
would seem more likely.'
Pnog(g)es(h)essehundredum 1180 f., Hundredum de Frogesesse 1197 f.P is identified with Broxash in the index to 1197 P, but it is curious that
(the rest of Mathon and Acton Beauchamp were formerly in Worcs). Lug
wardine and Bartestree, now in Radlow, were in Greytree hd in 1086. The
rest of the district then formed a separate hundred known as:
Wim7Jndestrel', Wimvndsfr'7)il, Wimestrvil, Wim'strvi hd' 1086DB. - OB Wigmu'lid pn and treo 'tree'. For the forms in -l cf.
Alnodestrev above and v. TPN 94.
Rade1av, Radenelav (1) hd' 1086 DB, Radelawehundredum
1183, Redelawahundredum 1187, Radelawahundredum 1195 P,
Radelawe 1226---8 Fees, Hy3 Mise, 1256 Ass 300C m 25d, Rade
lowe 1275 Heref, 1292 As s 302 m 52, 1316 FA. - OE read and
hliiw 'red hill'. - The name survives in RADLOW Field, marked
on Bryant's map of Herefordshire (1826?) some distance to the
west of Tarrillgton vi!., near the boundary of Stoke Edith par.
The hundred-court was held (in 1652) 'a t a bush in Much
Taddington Field' (Duncumb op. cit. IV 5), apparently the
same spot.
Greytree bd,
Consists of the SE. portion of the county, S. of Radlow hd and E. of
the Wye. In 1086 Greytree hd only included the northern portion of the
district (also Lugwardine and Bartestrec, now in Radlow hd), as far south
as How Caple (in Tragetrev hd) and Sollers Hope (also Yatton?); the rest
of the district formed a separate hundred known as:
Bremesese (passim), Bremesse, Bromesais (1), Bromesesce (1)
hd' 1086 DB, Bromessehdr" (var. Bromesesse) 1175 P. - The
name survives in BHO"ISASH: Br01neshett' (for -e8s') 1228 Cl, a
hamlet at some cross-roads on the boundary of Upton, Westoll
and Linton pars, 3 m. E. of Ross. - - First el. perhaps OE
the same error should occur twice (the two forms quoted doubtless refer
to the same hundred, either the n or the r must be misread), and on the
rolls for 1180 an d 1181 both Fnogesesse and Blokesesse occur close to
gether under the same heading; this might point to its being a separate
hundred, but, if so, nothing more seems to be known, about it. But cf. per
haps Fucogeaishe (Fneo-?) 1421 Ipm (in Foy?), and Snogsash(?),Bannister.
168 O. S. Anderson
B r e m ~ pn (for which see Bromsgrove PN Wo 336 f.); second el.
OE (ESC 'ash-tree'.
Greitrewes, Gretrewes (1) lld', Greitrev, Tragetrer (1; no doubt
for Grage-) 1086 DB, Greitre 1242 Fees, 1256 Ass 300C m 26d,
Greytre 1242 P, 1275 RH, 1292 Ass 302 m 52, 1316, 1428 FA,
Gretre 1283 Fine. - - OE *'Gr(ega pn ('grey one'), or grceg 'gray'
169he English Hundred-Names
Webetriehdr' 1160, IVebetrehr' 1169, Wibbetrehdr' 1175,
IVibetr'hundredum 1180, Webbetrehundredum 1185, 1193 P, 91Wabbetr' 1221 Ass 300A m 1, Webbetre Hy3 Mise, 1242 Fees,
1256 Pat, 1275 RH, 1278 Ipm, 1316, 1428 FA, Webetre 1262 Pat,
1275 RH. - - OE *Webba 1 (-= OE webba 'weaver') or possibly
*Wibba pn (= OE wibba 'beetle') and treo 'tree'. In the former
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and treo 'tree'.
Webtree bd.
S. and W. of the Wye, including the Golden Valley in the west and
the pars of Kentchurch, Kenderchurch, \Vorrnbridge, St Devereux, Abbey
Dore, Kingstone, Thruxloll, Allensmore, Clehonger, Grafton, Callow and
Holme Lacy in the south, bordering on Wormelow hd. The Domesday
arrangement of this district is not easy to account for; part of it, inclu
ding at least Holme Lacy, Dinedor, Lower Bullingharn, Allcnsmore an d
Webton, perhaps Clehonger (at least partly), was in the DB hd of Dvnre
(Dinedor); part was apparently in Stretford hd (g. v.). The Dore valley
is surveyed under the heading (in) Falie Stradelei and (once) Stradel hd.
But of a considerable portion of the present hundred nothing is said in
Domesday.
Dvnre hvnd' 1086 DB was named from the viI. of DINEDon,
2 m. SE. of Hereford: Dvnre 1086 DB, Dinra (p) 1170 P, Dunre
1176 P (p), 1221 Ass 300A m 1 (p), 1242 Fees, 1288 Heref, Duyndre
1349 Heref. - Probably of Celtic origin. Professor EkwalI
suggests W din 'fort' and bre 'hill'; if so, the reference would beto Dinedor Hill and Camp W. of the village.
Stradel hd' 1086 DB,! Stradehdr' 1175P.-,--The old name of the
Dore valley: Valle Stradelei, Stratelei, Stradelie, Stratelie 1086
DB, Straddele a 1118 Flor Wore, 1294 Heref, 1302 Pat, 1335 Ipm,
Estradel By I (1376) Mon III 448, Stradell' 1213 Cl, Strathel 1227
Ch, Stradel Hy3 Mise, Stratdeleye 1279 Cl, Straddel 1301 Ipm,
1306 Cl, surviving in l\[ONNINGTON STRADEL and STRADEI. BRIDGE,
both in Vowchurch (Bannister). It is composed of Brit *strat
'valley' and, probably, OE dwl 'valley', thus a tautological com
pound. The P form of the hundred- name is from *strat- alone,
which was used as an alternative name of the valley: valle de
Strade 1127 (1376) Mon UI 448, Valle de Strada 1169 P, (honorde) Stradie 1242 Fees; cf. further ERN 128 s. n. Dore.
, Under this heading is mentioned a place called More, identified with
Moore, near Hereford (VHHe); can that explain the entry: apud Straddele
in Blakemonstone (BJackmarston, a suburb of Hereford)? Ct. Bannister
178.
case one may compare WEBTON in Webtree hd, 3 m. W. of AlIens
more: Webetone 1086 DB, Webbeton' 1230 P, ·1237 Cl; and in
the latter WWBLEY, 7 m. SW. of Leominster: Wibelai 1086 DB, 'IWibelay 1198 Cur I, Wybbel' 1231, Webbelegh' 1238 Cl (or fromthe noun wibba?). - The place from which the hundred is named
is now represented by WEBTREE, a hamlet at the junction of 'I·lehonget, Haywood and AlIensmore pars, on the main road from
Hereford to Abergavenny, 3 m. SW. of Hereford.
Wormelow bd.The southern port.ion of the county, W. the Wye, and S. of Webtree I
hd. The hundred is mentioned (once) in Domesday, but the district was
then for the most part still Welsh (v. VHHe I 266ft.).
Wermelav 1086 DB, Wurmelawe 1227 Cl, 1232 Pat, Wir Ielauwe 1228 Ch, Wuremelowe 1256 Ass 300C m 25d, Wyrme-
lawe 1269 Pat, Wurmelou 1278, Wormelowe 1280 Ipm (also called
the 'manor' of Wormelow, e. g. 1346 Ch, 1346, 1356 Ipm etc.).- The hundred is named from a hill called WORMELOW TUMP,
the meeting-place of the district, referred to in DB as: (. . . ad
hundrez ad) Vrmelauia, at the source of the Worm Brook. The
name is a compound of the name of the WORM BROOK and OE Ilaw 'hill'; v. further ERN 471.The name of the hundred is often given as ARCBENFJELD, the old name
of the district: Hundredum de lrchinefeld' 1242 P, de Urchenefeld 1242
Fees, hd of lrchenfcud 1264 Pa t etc.; the hd of Wormelowe in lrchenfeld I'1337 Pat etc.; the hd of lrchyngfeld and the manor Of Wormelowe 1346 Ch.
- For Archenfield v. Bannister 6, Karlstrllm 106.
Ewyas Lacy hd includes the SW. portion of the county, W. of Web
tree hd and S. of Huntington hd. In 1086 this district seems still to have Ieen Welsh (v. VHHe I 266). Later it was one of the marcher lordships, and
waJ;. not. definitely included in Herefordshire till 1535 (v. above p. XXI),when it was organised into a hundred. It is mentioned as (hundreds Of
lVebtre and) Ewiaslacy 1543 SR 117/134. I t is named from the lost manor If EwYAS LACY (in Clodock).
• For Ueba, Redin80, see PNing 41.
I
II
_._ _.
171
._-.. .,__. .•. ::·.:· __ . - . . _ IW-F,,'
The English Hundred Names
,_.
Clackclose Nf .. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74 Ewcross Y 26
Clareton Y 21 Ewyas Lacy He 169
Claro Y . . . . . . . . 21 Exestan Ch -. 148Clavering Nf 82 Exning Sf 84
Claydon Sf 89 Eynsford Nf . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72
Cleley Np 124
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ClencwaTe Nf 63 Fawsley Np 128
Clcnt Wo 143 Fernecumbe Wa 137Index.
Clun Sa 158 Fexhole Wa 135
Coleshill Wa 138 Fissesberge Wo 140Acklam Y . 13 Blything Sf 87 Collingtree Np 124 Flaxwell Li 59AETnehogo Nf . 63 Boles/ord Y 6 Colneis Sf .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 Flegg Nf 70Aggbrigg Y . 25 Bolingbroke Li 55 CondetTet Sa 160 FIendish Ca " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100Ainsty Y . 21 Bomelau Wa . . . .. . . . .. 132 Condover Sa ' 157 Ford Sa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155Alboldestou Np .. 126 Boothby Li 57 Corby Np 118 Forehoe Nf 78Albrighton Sa . 155 Borgescire Y 20 Corringham Li . . . . . . .. 48 Foxley Np 125AlIeTton Y . 8 Bosmere Sf 88 Cosford Sf 94 Franiland Le 46AlnodestTeu Sa . 160 Brademere Sf 96 Coton End Wa 135 Freebridge Nf 64AIstoe Ru . 130 Bradford Sa 153 Cresseluv Wo 143 Fuwelege Nf 63
IAlwaTdeslea Np . 128 Bradley Li 51
Culvestun Sa 159Amounderness La . 29 Brimstree Sa 160 CutethoTn He 165 Ga llow Nf . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Appletree Db .. 35 Brinklow Wa 132
Cuttleston St 145 Gartree Le 45Archenfield He . 169 Bromsash He 167 CurJbuTgelawe Wo 141 Gartree Li 53Armingford Ca . 103 Brothercross Nf 66
Gereburg Y 21Aslacoe Li . 49 Broxash He 166
Depwade Nf . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80 Gerlestre Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7\ Aslakestou Db? . 32 Broxton Ch 151Derinlav Sa 158 Gilling Y 9
Aswarby Li . 60 Broxtowe Nt 38Die Y 3 Goscote Le 43
Aswardhum Li . 59 Bucklow Ch 149Dickering Y .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Graffoe Li 57
AtiscTOS Ch . 148 Buckrose Y 14Dicon Np 115 Gravesende Np 128
Aveland Li . 60 Bugthorpe Y 14Dinedor He 168 Greenhoe S. Nf 74
Avethorpe Li . 61 Bulmer Y 6Diss Nf 80 Greenoe N. Nf 67
Burton Agnes Y 12Docking Nf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Greens Norton Np 125
Babergh Sf . 93Doddingtree Wo 142 Gresley D b. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 37
Barcheston Wa . 135 Calceby Li 54 Driffield Y 15 Greytree He 167Barkston Ash Y . 23 Calccworth Li 54
Dryhurst Wo 141 Grimshoe Nf 75Barlichway Wa . 137 Caldy Ch 151 Dudestun Ch 151 Grimsworth He 165Baschmch Sa . 154 Came Wo 144
liuilsborough Np 120Bassetlaw Nt . 39 Candlesby' Li 55
Earsham Nf .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81 Guiltcross Nf 75Beltisloe Li . 61 Candleshoe Li 55
East Ru 130 Guthlaxton Le .. . . . . . . . . . • . . .. 44Bingham Nt . 42 Carlford Sf 91
EddisbuTy Ch 150Birdforth Y . 7 Cave Y 17ElIoe Li 62 Halfshire Wo 143
Biscopes Sf . 87 Chesterton Ca 106Elsdon He '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 164 Halikeld Y 10Blackbourn Sf . 96 Cheveley Ca 99Ely Ca 108 Hamestan Ch 148
Blackbum La . 29 Chikenes Wa 136Epworth Li 47 Hamfordshoe Np 122
Blackenhurst Wo . 139 Chilford Ca 101Erpingham Nf ". . . . . . 68 HammplIstan Db .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
BlackwelI Db . 32 Chipping Warden Np 127Esch Wo 144 Hang Y 10
Blofield Nf . 71 Chirbury Sa 156Evesham Wo 140 Happing Nf 69
172 173O. S. Anderson The English Hundred·Kames
Happisburgh Nf 69 Loddon Nf 82 Oswaldbeck Nt 39 Staincliff Y 26
Harthill Y " 18 Loes Sf _. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Oswaldslow Wo 140 Staincross Y :?5
Hartismere Sf
Haverstoe Li
Hawerby Li
87
51
51
Longham Nf
Longstow Ca
Lonsdale La
..
_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
105
28
Oswestry Sa .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Ouse and Derwent Y
Overs Sa _ _
155
19
160
Staine Ca _. . . . . . ..
Staploe Ca .. ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stepleset He
H9
'38
165
Hemlingford
Henstead Nf
Wa
"
138
79
Lothingland Sf
Lonthesk Li __84
53 Papworth Ca _ 106
Stoke Albany Np
Stoneleigh Wa
118
133
IIessle Y 16 Loveden Li - ................... 58 Parham Sf .. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 Stottald Np __ 119
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Hezetre He
Higham Ferrers Np
High Peak DbHill Li
162
123
3254
Ludborough
Ludinga Sf
Lynware Nf
Li 52
84
63
Pathlow Wa
Patton Sa
Pershore Wo
Pickering Lythe Y
137
159
140
3
Stottesdon Sa _..
Stow LiStow Sf _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stradel He _.
160
49
88
168
Ho Nf 68 Macclesfield Ch 148 Pimhill Sa , 154 Strafforth Y " 24
Hodnet Sa , 153 Makerfield La 30 Pimley Sa " 154 Stretford He 163
Holderness Y
Holt Nf
19
67
Manby LiManeshou Y . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
5
Pirehill St
Plegeliet He
., __ . __ 146
166
Sulcet He . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 161
Honesberie Wa
Horncastle Li
Howden Y
Hoxne Sf
Humbleyard Nf
135
56
17
87
79
Manley Li _.. __ .. _. . . . . 47
Market Weighton Y 16
Martinsley Ru " 131
Martinsthorpe Ru " _. . . . . . . . . .. 131
Marton Wa _ 133
Plomesgate Sf
Pocklington Y
Polebrook Np
Purslow Sa
.. _. . . . . . . . . . . ..
_
__ . . . ..
90
15
116
158
Taverham Nf
Thedwestry Sf
Thingoe Sf
Thornlau He
Thredling Sf
__
. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
72
96
95
166
91
Huntington
Huntou Y
He 164
12
Mawsley Np
Merset Sa
121
155
Radfield Ca
Radlow He
. . . . .. .. .. .. .. 101
167
Threo Li
Thriplow Ca .. , _ "
59
103
Hurstingstone Hu 109 Middl ewic h Ch . . . . . . . 149 Repton Db , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Thurgarton Nt 40
Huxloe Np 117 Mitford Nf 77 Rinlau Sa . . . . . . . . . . .. 158 Tingley Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 26
In Nf
Islington Nf
. . . . . . ..
.. . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . .
63
63
Modeston DbMorIey Y
Munslow Sa
_. . . . . . . . . . . . .._. .. .
3625
158
Risbridge Sf
Riseton Ch
Roelau Ch
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95
150
150
Torbar Y
Toreshou
Toseland
Y
rIu
__
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
13
110
Mutford Sf 85 RothwelI Np 118 Totmonslow St 147
Kings Sutton Np 126 Ruesset Sa 156 Towcester Np 125
Kingt,on Wa
Kirton Li .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Knightlow Wa
136
62
134
Nantwich Ch
Nassaborough Np
Navisford Np
Ness Li
, __ ..
149
114
116
61
Rushcliffe Nt
Ryedale Y
Sadberge Du
42
5
1
Tragetreu He
Tremelau Wa
Tunendun Ch
TUIlstead Nf
_.. "
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
161
135
149
69
f
Lackford Sf
Langbargh Y
' . . . 97
2
Neveslund Np
Newark Nt
117
41
Salford La
Samford Sf
31
89 WnlecTOs Db _ " 36
Langdyke Np 114 Newton La 30 Scard Y 13 Walesby Li 52
Langoe Li .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Launditch Nf _. . . . . . . . . . . .
56
73
Nobott.le Grove Np
Normancross Hu
. _ 120
112
Scarsdale Db
Seisdon St
33
145
Walsham Nf
Walshcroft Li
71
51
Lawress Li 50 Northstow Ca 105 Shropham Nf 76 Wangford Sf 86
Leightonstone HuLeintwardine He . ..
111162
Northwich Ch 149Skirbeck Li
Skyrack Y
62
22
Warmulldestrou
Warrington La
Ch 149
30
Lene He _. _ : 161 Oak ham Ru . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 131 Smithdon Nf 65 Warter Y 15
Leominster He 162 Offlow St 146 Snecultcros Y 16 Wayland Nf 77
Leyland La
Litchurch Db
Lith _
:. .
,
30
36
40
Optongren Np
Orlingbury Np
Osgoldcross Y
'"_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
114
121
23
Sparkenhoe
Spelhoe Np
Spellow Nf
Le 45
122
63
Webtree He
Well LiWelton Y
" .. 168
49
17
I
174
West Derby La
Wetherley Ca
Whitby Strand YWhittlesford Ca
Wighton Nf
Wigmore He
Wilford Sf
O. S. Anderson
. . . . . . . . . . . .
30
104
2102
67
162
92
Witchford Ca
Witchley Ru
Wittery Sa
Wolmersty Li
Wolphy He
Wormelow He
Wragby Li
108
129
156
62
163
169
53
52
Page 104
8/22/2019 English Hundred Names -1-Anderson
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/english-hundred-names-1-anderson 104/104
Willaston Ch
Willybrook Np
Wimundestreu He
Winburgetrowe WoWinnibriggs Li
Wirksworth Db
Wirral Ch
Wisbech Ca .. ,
151
115
167
141
58
34
151
108
Wraggoe Li . . . . . . .. . . .. . ..
Wrangdike Ru 130
Wrockwardine Sa 153
Wulfereslaw Wo 141Wymersley Np 123
Yarborough Li 50
J -- - ----:I-4c.+---
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