NOTICEOFRIGHTS
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Copyright©2019JacquelineMelvin
Introduction
Ifyouarelookingforabookwithadifferencethenthisisthebookforyou.
AdvancedEnglishgrammarandvocabularyquizbookhasbeendevisedforEFLstudentswhohavereachedupperintermediatetoadvancedlevelofEnglish.
Thefirstpartofthebookisdesignedtotestyourknowledgeonmultiplemeaningwordsandwordsthatcauseconfusion.
Grammarstructuresarealsoincludedinquizformandclearexplanationscanbefoundintheanswerkeythatfollowseachexercise.
What’smore,thereisalsoa‘testyourselfonprepositions’sectionaswellasexercisesonconnectors.Modalauxiliaryverbsarealsodealtwithalongwithotherimportantgrammarpoints.Aphrasalverbsquizcompletesthebook.
Tableofcontents
INTRODUCTION
MULTIPLEMEANINGWORDSEXERCISEONE
MULTIPLEMEANINGWORDSEXERCISETWO
MULTIPLEMEANINGWORDSEXERCISETHREE
MULTIPLEMEANINGWORDSEXERCISEFOUR
EXERCISEONE-ANSWERS
EXERCISETWO-ANSWERS
EXERCISETHREE-ANSWERS
EXERCISEFOUR-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISEONE
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISEONE-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISETWO
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISETWO-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISETHREE
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISETHREE-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISEFOUR
CONFUSINGWORDSEXERCISEFOUR-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISEFIVE
EXERCISEFIVE-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISESIX
EXERCISESIX-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISESEVEN
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISESEVEN-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISEEIGHT
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISEEIGHT-ANSWERS
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISENINE
CONFUSINGWORDS-EXERCISENINE
GRAMMARTESTONE
INDEFINITEPRONOUNS
GRAMMARTESTONE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWO
SINGULARORPLURAL
GRAMMARTESTTWOANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTHREE
COLLOCATIONSONE
GRAMMARTESTTHREE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTFOUR
VERBCOLLOCATIONSTWO
GRAMMARTESTFOUR-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTFIVE
VERBCOLLOCATIONSTHREE
GRAMMARTESTFIVE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTSIX
COLLOCATIONSFOUR
GRAMMARTESTSIX-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTSEVEN
VERBCOLLOCATIONSFIVE
GRAMMARTESTSEVEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTEIGHT
COLLOCATIONSSIX
GRAMMARTESTEIGHT-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTNINE
COLLOCATIONSSEVEN
GRAMMARTESTNINE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTEN
COLLOCATIONSEIGHT
GRAMMARTESTTEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTELEVEN
MODALAUXILIARYVERBSSEMIMODALS
GRAMMARTESTELEVEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWELVE
MODALAUXILIARYVERBS-PRESENTANDPASTONE
GRAMMARTESTTWELVE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTHIRTEEN
MODALAUXILIARYVERBS-PRESENTANDPASTTWO
GRAMMARTESTTHIRTEEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTFOURTEEN
WILLFORDEDUCTIONAND/ORPREDICTION
GRAMMARTESTFOURTEEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTFIFTEEN
CONDITIONALS
GRAMMARTESTFIFTEEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTSIXTEEN
PASSIVESTRUCTURESONE
GRAMMARTESTSIXTEEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTSEVENTEEN
PASSIVESTRUCTURESTWO
GRAMMARTESTSEVENTEEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTEIGHTEEN
PASTTENSESONE
GRAMMARTESTEIGHTEEN-ANSWERS
PASTTENSESONE
GRAMMARTESTNINETEEN
PASTTENSESTWO
GRAMMARTESTNINETEEN-ANSWERS
PASTTENSESTWO
GRAMMARTESTTWENTY
PERFECTIVEASPECT
GRAMMARTESTTWENTY-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYONE
REPORTEDSPEECH
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYONE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYTWO
FUTUREASPECT
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYTWO-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYTHREE
CONNECTORS/CONJUNCTIONSONE
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYTHREE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYFOUR
CONNECTORS/CONJUNCTIONSTWO
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYFOUR-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYFIVE
PREPOSITIONSONE
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYFIVE-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYSIX
PREPOSITIONSTWO
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYSIX-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYSEVEN
PREPOSITIONSTHREE
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYSEVEN-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYEIGHT
PREPOSITIONSFOUR
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYEIGHT-ANSWERS
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYNINE
PREPOSITIONSFIVE
GRAMMARTESTTWENTYNINE-ANSWERS
TESTTHIRTY-PHRASALVERBS
PHRASALVERBS
TESTTHIRTY-ANSWERS
Multiplemeaningwordsexerciseone
Thereisonewordonlythatfitsthegapsinthefollowingsentences1-12.Whichwordisit?
1.We_____haven’tfoundaflatalthoughwe’vebeenlookingforweeks.
2.Wouldyoulike_____orsparklingwaterwithyourmeal?
3.Canyoustay_____whileIcutyourfringe?IfyoukeepmovingIwon’tbeabletocutitstraight.
4.“_____life”isagenreofpaintingwherelifeliterallystands_____inarrangeddisplaysofobjects.
_____life
5.DoesJohn_____liveinManchesterorhashemoved?
6.Eventhoughsheworksveryhard,she_____findsthetimetohelpothers.
7.Hewokeupsuddenlywhenheheardanoiseinthe_____ofthenight.
8.“_____watersrundeep”isanidiomaticexpressionwhichbasicallymeans–sometimesquietpeoplewhodonotsaymuchhavethedeepestthoughtsandturnouttobemuchmoreinterestingthanpeoplewhomakealotofnoise,thatis,theoneswhotalknon-stop.
9.EventhoughIsleepninehoursanight,I’m_____tiredinthemorning.
10.Myjobisnotverywellpaidbut_____Iloveitallthesame.
11.I_____rememberthatoldhouseweusedtoliveinaschildren.
12.Hersoniseightyearsoldandhe_____can’treadorwrite.
Multiplemeaningwordsexercisetwo
Thereisonewordonlythatfitsthegapsinthefollowingsentences1-20.Whichwordisit?
1.I’mnotsurewhatIwanttostudywhenIgotouniversity.Ihaven’tmadeupmy_____yet.
2.Ihopeyoudon’t_____ifIopenthewindow.It’sabithotinhere.
3.Canyou_____myseatwhileIgotothebar?
4.“Where’sJohn?”“He’slyingontheflooroutofhis_____afterdrinkingabottleofwhiskey.”
5.“Menssanaincorporesano”,isaLatinphrase,whichmeans,“ahealthy_____inahealthybody”.
6.It’sallinyour______isanidiomthatmeansthatsomethingisafigmentofyourimagination.
7.UriGellerwasfamousbecausehehadtheabilitytobendmetalobjectswithhis_____.
8.SorryIdidn’tphoneyoubutitcompletelyslippedmy_____.
9.I’vegotsomuchonmy______thesedaysthat*Idon’tknowifIamcomingorgoing.
*InEnglish,thephrase“Idon’tknowifI’mcomingorgoing”,meansthatyouhavenoideawhatyouaredoing.
going”,meansthatyouhavenoideawhatyouaredoing.
10.She’sgother_____setongettingthatjob.Ihopeshegetsitotherwiseitwillbeahugedisappointment.
11.”_____overmatter”isanEnglishphrasewhichmeansthatyoucanuseyourmentalabilitytoinfluenceyourreality.Anothersayingwiththesamemeaningis,“wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”
12.Janeisaveryindecisiveperson.She’salwayschangingher_____abouteverything.
13.“_____yourlanguage”means“becarefulhowyouspeak”.Aphrasewiththesamemeaningis,“watchyourtongue”.
14.IfyouhavetravelledontheLondonunderground,youwillhavereadthenoticetellingpassengersto“_____thegap”whengettingonoroffthesubway.Thisisbasicallyawarningthatmeansyouneedtobecarefulnotfalldownintothespacebetweenthetrainandtheplatform.
15.LittleJohnnyalwaysfailshisexams.Thisismainlybecauseheletshis_____wander.He’sgotnoconcentrationwhatsoever.
16.Mynoseyneighbourisalwaysgossipingabouteveryone.Iwishshewouldjust_____herownbusinessinsteadofstickinghernoseineverybodyelse’slives.
17.“Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?”“Idon’t_____.I’llhavewhateveryouarehaving”.
18.Sincemyhusbandretired,he’sbeenboredoutofhis_____.Heisnotusedtohavingsomuchfreetime.
19.Shealwaysspeaksher_____.Shedoesn’tminceherwords.Shereallyshouldcounttotenbeforesheopenshermouthasonedayit’sgoingtogetherintotrouble.
20.Ican’tstopthinkingaboutmyexhusband.I’mgoingtohavetotrytogethimoutofmy_____.It’snoteasythoughafterthirtyyearsofmarriage.
Multiplemeaningwordsexercisethree
Thereisonewordonlythatfitsthegapsinthefollowingsentences1-10.Whichwordisit?Wherethewordisaverb,youmayhavetousethepasttense.
1.Excuseme!Whatdoesthisword_____?
2.He’sa_____man.Heneverspendsanymoney.
3.IsaywhatI_____andI_____whatIsay.
4.I’msosorry.Ididn’t_____tohurtyou.Pleaseforgiveme.
5.I_____tobuybreadonthewayhomefromworkbutIcompletelyforgot.
6.Janehasn’tarrivedyet.Shewas_____tobeherehalfanhourago.Iwonderwhereshecanbe.
7.You’re_____toswitchoffyourmobilephonesandmodemsbeforegoingtobed.Itisn’tgoodforyoutoleavethemonduringthenight.
8.“Idon’tthinkweare_____tobetogether,”saidSandratoherboyfriend.“Weare*asdifferentaschalkandcheese.”
*Asdifferentaschalkandcheese=tobecompletelydifferentineveryway.
9.“Whatareyoudoinghere,”saidMrsRedfordtoher
9.“Whatareyoudoinghere,”saidMrsRedfordtohersonassheenteredthehouse.“You’re_____tobeatschool.”
10.Theoldsaying“what’s_____tobe,willbe,”basicallymeansthatthereisnoescapefromdestiny.
Multiplemeaningwordsexercisefour
Thereisonewordonlythatfitsthegapsinthefollowingsentences1-20.Whichwordisit?
1.“Okay,_____taken,”hesaid.(Thishasthesamemeaningas“okay,Iunderstand/Igetit.)
2.“Don’t_____atpeople,”saidMrsHarristoherson.“It’sveryrude.”
3.Attheendofacompanymeeting:“Let’sjustgooverthemain_____beforewe*callitaday,”saidthemanager.
4.Wehaveupgradedoursoftwaretoversionfour_____five(4.5).
5.The_____hasbrokenoffmypencil.DoyouhappentohaveasharpenersoIcansharpenit?
6.Can’tyoujustgettothe_____insteadofbeatingaboutthebush.
7.Whatyouaresayingiscompletelyirrelevanttothediscussionathand.It’sbesidethe_____.
8.Wellifyouwantmy_____ofview,Ithinkyoushouldscraptheidea.
9.LadislaoJoséBiroinventedtheball_____pen–alsoknownasthe‘biro’whichenteredproductionin1944.
knownasthe‘biro’whichenteredproductionin1944.
10.I’mgoingtohavetomakea_____ofgettingupearlierinthemorning.IalwaysgetupatthelastmomentandendupnothavingthetimehavebreakfastbeforeIleaveforwork.
11.Anoldproverbtellsusthatthereisno_____incryingoverspiltmilk.What’sdoneisdoneandthere’snothingwecandotochangethesituation.
12.I’vereachedbreaking_____inmyjob.IfIdon’tleaveitIwillsoonlosemymind.
13.Thedetectivesneededsomefreshleadsto_____themintherightdirection.
14.Historywasnevermystrong_____whenIwasatschool.
15.Thatwasareallyvalid_____youmadeattoday’smeeting.We’lltakeitintoconsideration.
16.Thetwelve_____characterhasbecomethedefaultsizeindigitalwordprocessing.
17.Whenherhusband,whomsheloveddearly,lefther,shewasataveryvulnerable_____inherlife.
18.“Gene”means“asegmentofDNA”,locatedataparticular_____onachromosome.Thisiswhatdetermineshereditarycharacteristics.
19.Oneoftheseveralmeaningsof“singularity”isa
19.Oneoftheseveralmeaningsof“singularity”isa_____whereallparallellinesmeet.
20.Thebankrobbersheldamemberofstaffatgun_____.
Exerciseone-answers
1.Westillhaven’tfoundaflatalthoughwe’vebeenlookingforweeks.
2.Wouldyoulikestillorsparklingwaterwithyourmeal?
3.CanyoustaystillwhileIcutyourfringe?IfyoukeepmovingIwon’tbeabletocutitstraight.
4.“Stilllife”isagenreofpaintingwherelifeliterallystandsstillinarrangeddisplaysofobjects.
5.DoesJohnstillliveinManchesterorhashemoved?
6.Eventhoughsheworksveryhard,shestillfindsthetimetohelpothers.
7.Hewokeupsuddenlywhenheheardanoiseinthestillofthenight.
8.“Stillwatersrundeep”isanidiomaticexpressionwhichbasicallymeans–sometimesquietpeoplewhodonotsaymuchhavethedeepestthoughtsandturnouttobemuchmoreinterestingthanpeoplewhomakealotofnoise,thatis,theoneswhotalknon-stop.
9.EventhoughIsleepninehoursanight,I’mstilltiredinthemorning.
10.Myjobisnotverywellpaid*butstillIloveitallthesame.
11.Istillrememberthatoldhouseweusedtoliveinaschildren.
12.Hersoniseightyearsoldandhestillcan’treadorwrite.
‘Still’usedasanadjectivemeansthatsomethingorsomeoneismotionless/notmoving.
‘Still’asanadverbplacestheemphasisoncontinuity.
Exercisetwo-answers
1.I’mnotsurewhatIwanttostudywhenIgotouniversity.Ihaven’tmadeupmymindyet.(Makeupone’smind=decide)
2.Ihopeyoudon’tmindifIopenthewindow.It’sabithotinhere.
3.CanyoumindmyseatwhileIgotothebar?(Canyoumindmyseat=canyoulookafterit,keepyoureyeonitforaperiodoftime)
4.“Where’sJohn?”“He’slyingontheflooroutofhismindafterdrinkingabottleofwhiskey.”(Tobeoutofyourmind=tobeonanotherplaneteitherduetotoomuchalcoholconsumptionordrugs.Itcanalsomean‘tobecrazy’)
5.“Menssanaincorporesano”,isaLatinphrase,whichmeans,“ahealthymindinahealthybody”.
6.It’sallinyourmindisanidiomthatmeansthatsomethingisafigmentofyourimagination.
7.UriGellerwasfamousbecausehehadtheabilitytobendmetalobjectswithhismind.
8.SorryIdidn’tphoneyoubutitcompletelyslippedmymind.(Ifsomethingslipsyourminditmeansyouforgetaboutit)
9.I’vegotsomuchonmymindthesedaysthat*Idon’tknowifIamcomingorgoing.(Tohavesomethingonyourmind=yourthoughtsarepreoccupiedwithsomething)
*InEnglish,thephrase“Idon’tknowifI’mcomingorgoing”,meansthatyouhavenoideawhatyouaredoing.
10.She’sgothermindsetongettingthatjob.Ihopeshegetsitotherwiseitwillbeahugedisappointment.(Tohaveone’smindsetonsomething=
11.“Mindovermatter”isanEnglishphrasewhichmeansthatyoucanuseyourmentalabilitytoinfluenceyourreality.Anothersayingwiththesamemeaningis,“wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”
12.Janeisaveryindecisiveperson.She’salwayschanginghermindabouteverything.(Tochangeone’smind=todecidenottodosomething
13.“Mindyourlanguage”means“becarefulhowyouspeak”.Aphrasewiththesamemeaningis,“watchyourtongue”.
14.IfyouhavetravelledontheLondonunderground,youwillhavereadthenoticetellingpassengersto“mindthegap”whengettingonoroffthesubway.Thisisbasicallyawarningthatmeansyouneedtobecarefulnotfalldownintothespacebetweenthetrainandtheplatform.
15.LittleJohnnyalwaysfailshisexams.Thisismainlybecauseheletshismindwander.He’sgotnoconcentrationwhatsoever.
16.Mynoseyneighbourisalwaysgossipingabouteveryone.Iwishshewouldjustmindherownbusinessinsteadofstickinghernoseineverybodyelse’slives.
17.“Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?”“Idon’tmind.I’llhavewhateveryouarehaving”.
18.Sincemyhusbandretired,he’sbeenboredoutofhismind.Heisnotusedtohavingsomuchfreetime.(Tobeboredoutofone’smind=tobesoboredthatyoufeelyoucouldbecomecrazy)
19.Shealwaysspeakshermind.Shedoesn’tminceherwords.Shereallyshouldcounttotenbeforesheopenshermouthasonedayit’sgoingtogetherintotrouble.
20.Ican’tstopthinkingaboutmyexhusband.I’mgoingtohavetotrytogethimoutofmymind.It’snoteasythoughafterthirtyyearsofmarriage.(Togetsomeoneorsomethingoutofyourmind=totrytoforget)
Exercisethree-answers
1.Excuseme!Whatdoesthiswordmean?
2.He’sameanman.Heneverspendsanymoney.(Theadjective‘mean’=theoppositeofgenerous)
3.IsaywhatImeanandImeanwhatIsay.(This=IsaywhatIseriouslythinkandIamseriousaboutwhatIamsaying)
4.I’msosorry.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.Pleaseforgiveme.(Tonotmeansomething=tonotdosomethingintentionally)
Thefollowingexamplesarethepasttenseoftheverbusedinnumbersoneandthree.
5.ImeanttobuybreadonthewayhomefromworkbutIcompletelyforgot.(ItwasmyplantobuybreadbutIforgot)
6.Janehasn’tarrivedyet.Shewasmeanttobeherehalfanhourago.Iwonderwhereshecanbe.(Shewasmeanttobehere=shewassupposedtobehere/itwasexpectedofhertobehere/meant+infinitive)
7.You’remeanttoswitchoffyourmobilephonesandmodemsbeforegoingtobed.Itisn’tgoodforyoutokeepthemonduringthenight.(Thishasasimilarmeaningto‘youshould’inthesenseof,it’sagoodidea,it’sasensiblethingtodo)
8.“Idon’tthinkwearemeanttobetogether,”saidSandratoherboyfriend.“Weare*asdifferentaschalkandcheese.”
*Asdifferentaschalkandcheese=tobecompletelydifferentineveryway.
9.“Whatareyoudoinghere,”saidMrsRedfordtohersonassheenteredthehouse.“You’remeanttobeatschool.”(Thesamemeaningasnumber6)
10.Theoldsaying“what’smeanttobe,willbe,”basicallymeansthatthereisnoescapefromdestiny.
Exercisefour-answers
1.“Okay,pointtaken,”hesaid.Thishasthesamemeaningas“okay,Iunderstand/Igetit.”
2.“Don’tpointatpeople,”saidMrsHarristoherson.“It’sveryrude.”(Toindicatewithyourfinger)
3.Attheendofacompanymeeting:“Let’sjustgooverthemainpointsbeforewe*callitaday,”saidthemanager.
*Tocallitaday=tostopworkingfortheday.
4.Wehaveupgradedoursoftwaretoversionfourpointfive(4.5).
5.Thepointhasbrokenoffmypencil.DoyouhappentohaveasharpenersoIcansharpenit?
6.Can’tyoujustgettothepointinsteadof*beatingaboutthebush.
*‘Gettothepoint’hasthesamemeaningas‘don’tbeatabout/aroundthebush.’
7.Whatyouaresayingiscompletelyirrelevanttothediscussionathand.It’sbesidethepoint.
8.Wellifyouwantmypointofview,Ithinkyoushould*scraptheidea.(Mypointofview=myopinion)
*Toscrapanidea=tonotcontinuewithit/forgetaboutit/discardofit.
9.LadislaoJoséBiroinventedtheballpointpen–alsoknownasthe‘biro’whichenteredproductionin1944.
10.I’mgoingtohavetomakeapointofgettingupearlierinthemorning.IalwaysgetupatthelastmomentandendupnothavingthetimehavebreakfastbeforeIleaveforwork.(Makeapointofdoingsomething=makeaneffort)
11.Anoldproverbtellsusthatthereisnopointincryingoverspiltmilk.What’sdoneisdoneandthere’snothingwecandotochangethesituation.(‘Thereisnopointindoingsomething=itisawasteoftime)
12.I’vereachedbreakingpointinmyjob.IfIdon’tleaveitIwillsoonlosemymind.(‘Toreachbreakingpoint’=whenyoucan’ttakeanymoreofsomething)
13.Thedetectivesneededsomefreshleadstopointthemintherightdirection.(Topointthem=toindicatethem)
14.HistorywasnevermystrongpointwhenIwasatschool.
15.Thatwasareallyvalidpointyoumadeattoday’smeeting.We’lltakeitintoconsideration.
16.Thetwelvepointcharacterhasbecomethedefaultsizeindigitalwordprocessing.
17.Whenherhusband,whomsheloveddearly,lefther,shewasataveryvulnerablepointinherlife.
18.“Gene”means“asegmentofDNA”,locatedataparticularpointonachromosome.Thisiswhatdetermineshereditarycharacteristics.
19.Oneoftheseveralmeaningsof“singularity”isapointwhereallparallellinesmeet.
20.Thebankrobbersheldamemberofstaffatgunpoint.
Confusingwordsexerciseone
Choosethecorrectwordintheexercisethatfollows.Theanswerandexplanationscanbeaccessedintheanswersection.
1.Actuallyvs.currently
1.Weare_____hiringnewmanagerswhohaveavisionforthefuture.
2.“ThatboywhowaswithJanetyesterdaylookedreallylikeher.”“Well,_____he’shertwinbrother.That’swhy.Didn’tyouknow?”
3.“AreyoudoinganythingonSaturdaynight?”“Well_____,Iwasthinkingofgoingtothecinema.”
4.Weare_____relocatingourdistributioncentrefromEnglandtoIndia.Themoveisexpectedtosavethousandsonlabourcosts.
5.“Idon’treallylikeAlan.He’ssostandoffish.”“He’s_____areallydecentguyonceyougettoknowhim.”
2.Advicevs.advise
1.Mydentist_____metogetmywisdomteethextracted.
2.Ifyouwantmy_____,Ithinkyoushouldacceptthejob.Itwouldbeagreatopportunityforyou.
job.Itwouldbeagreatopportunityforyou.
3.Anoldsayingtellsusnottogiveanyone_____unlessthepersonasksforit.
3.Affectvs.effect
1.Working18hoursadayhasseriously_____myhealth.
2.Physicalactivityhasaprotective_____againstcardiovasculardisease.
3.Mostmedicineshaveside_____.
4.Ourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviourcan_____ourhealth.
5.Ourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviourcanhavean_____onourhealth.
4.Affectivevs.effective
1.Thetreatmentwasnot_____soIwillhavetotrysomethingelse.
2.Bipolar,alsoknownasclinicaldepression,isan_____disorder.
3.Chocolateisknowntobean_____moodup-lifter.
4.Ifyouwanttoproducean_____essay,youmustfirstofallpickatopicyouwanttowriteaboutandthenoutlineyourthoughtsinalogicalsequenceofevents.
outlineyourthoughtsinalogicalsequenceofevents.
5.Allreadyvs.already
1.I’veseenthatfilm_____.
2.“Areyou_____togo?”“Yesweare.”
3.She’s_____doneherhomeworksoshecangooutwithherfriends.
6.Alltogethervs.altogether
1.Let’ssing________.
2.________thisyearIhaveearned£30,000betweenmyfulltimejobandmyparttimeone.
7.Allwaysvs.always
1.Wetried_____possiblebutnothingseemstowork.
2.I_____getuplateonSundays.
3.Dogsaresuperiortomanin_____.
4.Thecustomercareserviceisheretoassistyouin_____possible.
5.I’m_____lateforwork.Itwon’tbelonguntilI’msackedifIdon’tstartgettingupearlier.
8.Anybodyvs.anybody
1.Ourjeanshavebeentailoredtofit_____,beitfat,thin,
tallorshort.
2.Isthere_____inthebathroom?Thelight’sonbutnobodyanswerswhenIknockonthedoor.
3._____thatisfoundundergoesforensictesting.
9.Anymorevs.anymore
1.I’vebecomeavegetariansoIdon’teatmeat_____.
2.Idon’tbuyclothes_____becauseIdon’tneed_____clothes.I’vegotenoughclothestolastmethreelifetimes.
10.Anytimevs.anytime
1.Youcanvisitme_____youwant.
2.ThesedaysIamsobusythatIdon’thave_____toironmyclothes.
Confusingwordsexerciseone-answers
1.Actuallyvs.currently
1.Wearecurrentlyhiringnewmanagerswhohaveavisionforthefuture.
2.“ThatboywhowaswithJanetyesterdaylookedreallylikeher.”“Wellactually,he’shertwinbrother.That’swhy.Didn’tyouknow?”
3.“AreyoudoinganythingonSaturdaynight?”“Wellactually,Iwasthinkingofgoingtothecinema.”
4.WearecurrentlyrelocatingourdistributioncentrefromEnglandtoIndia.Themoveisexpectedtosavethousandsonlabourcosts.
5.“Idon’treallylikeAlan.He’ssostandoffish.”“He’sactuallyareallydecentguyonceyougettoknowhim.”
Note
Actually=tobehonest/totellyouthetruth
Currently=inthisperiodoftime
2.Advicevs.advise
1.Pleaseadviseusassoonaspossibleshouldyouwishtocancelyourappointment.
2.Ifyouwantmyadvice,Ithinkyoushouldacceptthejob.Itwouldbeagreatopportunityforyou.
3.Anoldsayingtellsusnottogiveanyoneadviceunlessthepersonasksforit.
4.Thedoctoradvisedmetotakeplentyofrest.
Note
Advice=thenoun
Advise=theverb
3.Affectvs.effect
1.Working18hoursadayhasseriouslyaffectedmyhealth.
2.Physicalactivityhasaprotectiveeffectagainstcardiovasculardisease.(Outcome)
3.Mostmedicineshavesideeffects.
4.Ourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviourcanaffectourhealth.
5.Ourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviourcanhaveaneffectonourhealth.
Note
Although"affect"and"effect"arebothnounsandverbs,"affect"isusedineverydayspeechmainlyasaverbwhile"effect"isusedmainlyasanoun.
"Affect"=toinfluence
"Effect"=tobetheoutcome
4.Affectivevs.effective
1.Thetreatmentwasnoteffective.Iwillhavetotrysomethingelse.
2.Bipolar,whichisalsoknownasclinicaldepression,isanaffectivedisorder.
3.Chocolateisknowntobeaneffectivemoodup-lifter.
4.Ifyouwanttoproduceaneffectiveessay,youmustfirstofallpickatopicyouwanttowriteaboutandthenoutlineyourthoughtsinalogicalorder.
Thesearetheadjectiveswhichderivefromthenounsandverbs"affect"and"effect".
5.Allreadyvs.already
1.I’veseenthatfilmalready.
2.“Areyouallreadytogo?”“Yesweare.”
3.She’salreadydoneherhomeworksoshecangooutwithherfriendsifshewants,saidMaggie’smothertoMaggie’sfather.
Note
"Allready"=completelyready/prepared."All"givesemphasistotheadjective"ready".
"Already"=anadverbwhichmeanspriortonoworpriortoaspecifiedtime.It
"Already"=anadverbwhichmeanspriortonoworpriortoaspecifiedtime.Itcanalsodenotesurpriseatsomethingoccurringearlierthanexpected.E.g.“Areyougoingalready?Ithoughtyouweregoingtostayfordinner.”
6.Alltogethervs.altogether
1.Let’ssingalltogether.
2.AltogetherthisyearIhaveearned£30,000betweenmyfulltimejobandmyparttimeone.
Note
"Alltogether"=everyoneatthesametime
"Altogether"=intotal
7.Allwaysvs.always
1.Wetried1allwayspossiblebutnothingseemstowork.(Everymethod)
2.IalwaysgetuplateonSundays.
3.Dogsaresuperiortomanin2allways.(Ineveryaspect)
4.Thecustomercareserviceisheretoassistyouin2allwayspossible.
5.I’malwayslateforwork.Itwon’tbelonguntilI’msackedifIdon’tstartgettingupearlier.
Note
"Allways"=1everymethod/2ineveryaspect
"Always"=adverboffrequency=100%ofthetime.Italsomeans"forever".E.g.“Iwillalwaysloveyou.”(Iwillloveyouforever)
8.Anybodyvs.anybody
1.Ourjeanshavebeentailoredtofitanybody,beitfat,thin,tallorshort.
2.Isthereanybodyinthebathroom?Thelight’sonbutnobodyanswerswhenIknockonthedoor.
3.Anybodythatisfoundundergoesforensictesting.
Note
Note
Whenwrittenastwowords,"any"isanundefinedpronoun/unspecificwhichreferstoanundefined/nonspecificnumberoramount."Any"modifiesthenounwhichfollowsit.Itsingularizesallphysicalbodiesatrandom.ItmeansorbodyAorbodyBorbodyCorbodyDetc.
"Anybody"asonewordisusedinquestionsandnegativesandissynonymouswith‘anyone’andindicatesanundefined/nonspecificrandomperson,orpersonA,B,C,Detc.
9.Anymorevs.anymore
1.I’vebecomeavegetariansoIdon’teatmeatanymore.
2.Idon’tbuyclothes1anymorebecauseIdon’tneed2anymoreclothes.I’vegotenoughclothestolastmethreelifetimes.
Note
"Anymore"asonewordisatemporaladverb.Temporaladverbsmodifytime."Anymore"hasthesamemeaningas"nolonger".Itisusedwithanegativeandreferstosomethinginthepastthatdoesn’texistnow.Inexamplenumber1,theadverb"anymore"modifiestheverb‘eat’.IatemeatinthepastbutnowIdon’t.Examplenumber2.1,isthesameasexample1andmeansthatinthepastIboughtclothesbutnowIdon’t.
Example2.2.When"anymore"isusedastwowords,"any"isamodifierof"more,"and"more"isareferencetosomethingelsethatfollowsconsistingofanounoranounphrase."Any"determinesanindefiniteamount/anondefinedquantityofsomethingwhenusedwithout"more".Whenusedwith"more"Itreferstoanadditionalundefinedquantityofsomething.
Wouldyoulikeanytea?(Anundefinedquantityoftea)
Wouldyoulikeanymoretea?(Anadditionalundefinedquantityoftea)
10.Anytimevs.anytime
1.Youcanvisitmeanytimeyouwant.
2.ThesedaysIamsobusythatIdon’thaveanytimetoironmyclothes.
Note
"Anytime"writtenastwowords="any"asanundeterminedpronoun+thenoun"time".Itreferstoanundefinedquantityoftimeinthequestionandinthenegativeitrefersto"notime".E.g.Idon’thaveanytimetoironmyclothes=Ihavenotimetoironmyclothes.
"Anytime"writtenasoneword=anondefinedrandomtime.
Confusingwordsexercisetwo
1.Anywayvs.anyway
1.IfIcanhelpyouin_____Iwill.
2.Mymumdidn’twantmetostudylawbutIstudiedit_____.
3.ThereisnoevidencetosuggestthatapersonwithanIQof170isin_____morelikelytoachieveagreaterimpactintheirfieldthanapersonwithanIQof130.
4.“Isthere_____totellwheneggshave*goneoff?”“Yes,puttheminabasinfulofcoldwaterandiftheyfloattothetopthey’restillfresh.Iftheysinktothebottom,they’vegoneoff.”
*Togooff=tonolongerbefreshforconsumption.
5.“I’msorryIcan’thelpyou.”“Don’tworry.Thanks_____.
6.WhatwayshouldIgotogettotherailwaystation?Youcango_____fromhere.Alltheroadsleadtothestation.
2.Besidevs.besides
1.Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetime_____playingtennis?
2.Whereisthecat?It’soverthere_____thedoor.
2.Whereisthecat?It’soverthere_____thedoor.
3.Comparedtovs.comparedwith
1.Salesfell1.2%compared________lastyear.
2.Hecomparedthecolourofherlips_____aredrose.
4.Complimentvs.complement
1.Thecolourgreenreally_____youreyes.Youshouldweargreenmoreoften.
2.JohnandMaryreally_____eachother.She’squitealivelypersonwhereashe’sreallyquietandlaid-back.
3.Myboss_____meonhowwellImanagedtheproject.
4.Mybrother’sfriendisalwayspayingme_____.Lastnighthetoldmethatmyhairwasbeautiful.
5.Composedofvs.composedbyvs.comprise
1.Thecompanyis_____highlytrained,experiencedpeople.
2.AMinuetandTrioinGmajorwas_____Mozartwhenhewasjustfiveyearsold.Itwashisfirstdocumentedcomposition.
3.Atomsare_____threemainparts:protons,neutronsandelectrons.
4.Thecardiovascularsystem_____theheartandthe
4.Thecardiovascularsystem_____theheartandthevascularnetwork.
5Thatwhich_____parts,isinneedofitspartsinordertoexist.
6.Scotland_____approximately5millionpeople.
6.Consistofvs.consistin
1.Theonlytruewisdom_____knowingthatyouknownothing.-Socrates
2.Ournewteam_____sixpeople.
3.Faith_____believingwhenitisbeyondthepowerofreasontobelieve.-Voltaire
4.Mynewjob_____dealingwithmembersofthepublic.
5.“Trueglory_____doingwhatdeservestobewritten,inwritingwhatdeservestoberead,andinsolivingastomaketheworldhappierandbetterforourlivinginit.”-PlinytheElder
6.'Thewholeartofgovernment_____theartofbeinghonest.'-ThomasJefferson
7.Ourlittletown_____asupermarket,abakery,afruitshop,abutcher’s,twolargeparks,apolicestationandapub.
8.Theexperienceofpersonalizedmarketing_____
8.Theexperienceofpersonalizedmarketing_____reachingouttoyourclientbaseinawaythatcaterstoeachperson'sprofile.
9.Shehasaveryunhealthydietwhich_____fastfood,cocacola,chocolateandcakes.
7.Continualvs.continuous
1.Afterfivehoursof_____gameplayingontheinternet,theboycomplainedofaterribleheadache.
2.Hewhosleepsin_____noiseisawakenedbysilence.-WilliamDeanHowells
3.Sincewemovedintoournewhouseinthevicinityoftheairport,we’vebeensufferingfromlackofsleep.The_____noisefromtheplaneshascompletelydisruptedoursleeppattern.
4.The_____barkingofourneighbour’sdogis*drivingmeupthewall.
*Drive(someone)upthewall=causetobecomecrazy
8.Continuallyvs.continuously
1.Ithasbeenraining_____foroverthreedays.
2.Nowadaysitisbecomingmoreimportantforcompaniesto_____evolveiftheywishtoremaininnovative,competitiveandrelevant.
9.Convincevs.persuade
1.Hefailedto_____thecourtofhisinnocence.
2.I’mtryingto_____mumtobuymeacarbutshewon’tlistentome.
3.Afterweeksoftryingto_____mumtobuymeacar,Ifinally_____herofthebenefits,suchasgivingheralifttowherevershewantstogo,seeingthatshecannotdrive.
4.I’vebeentryingto_____thebankmanagertogivemealoanbuttonoavail.
5.Theiradvertisementisintendedto_____consumerstopurchasetheirproduct.
6.She’stryingto_____herselfthatherboyfriendlovesheralthoughweallknowhedoesn’t.
7.Mywifeistryingto_____metobecomevegetarian.
8.Thewisemanmustbe_____beforehecanbe_____.
9.Fewarethosewhocan_____without_____whileabundantarethosewho,inorderto_____,must_____.
10.Deceitfulvs.deceptive
1.Thepictureonthatchocolatecakeboxisvery_____.Itshowsacakethicklycoveredinchocolatewheninrealityitonlyhasathinscrapingofchocolateonit.
2.Looksare_____.
2.Looksare_____.
3._____advertisingoccurswhenareasonableconsumerismisledbyanadvertisingclaim.Thisisalsoknownas"misleading"advertising.
4.Sincetheonsetofinternet,_____websitesarebecomingmoreandmorefrequent.The_____peoplewhocreatesuchsites,areunscrupulousbeingswhowillstopatnothingtogetyoutopartwithyourhardearnedcash.
Confusingwordsexercisetwo-answers
1.Anywayvs.anyway
1.IfIcanhelpyouinanywayIwill.
2.Mymumdidn’twantmetostudylawbutIstudieditanyway.
3.ThereisnoevidencetosuggestthatapersonwithanIQof170isinanywaymorelikelytoachieveagreaterimpactintheirfieldthanapersonwithanIQof130.
4.“Isthereanywaytotellwheneggshave*goneoff?”“Yes,puttheminabasinfulofcoldwaterandiftheysinktothetopthey’restillfresh.Iftheyfloattothetop,they’ve*goneoff.”
*Togooff=tonolongerbefreshforconsumption.
5.“I’msorryIcan’thelpyou.”“Don’tworry.Thanksanyway.”
6.WhatwayshouldIgotogettotherailwaystation?Youcangoanywayfromhere.Alltheroadsleadtothestation.
Note
"Anyway"asonewordindicatesthatthespeakerhastheintentiontodosomethingdespiteadviceorawarningnottodoit.Itissynonymouswith"nonetheless"and"regardless".
"Anyway"canbeusedatthebeginningofasentencetoresumeaconversationafterbeinginterrupted/returntowhatonewaspreviouslytalkingabout.E.g."Anyway,whatwerewesayingbeforeJohninterruptedus?"
"Anyway"astwowords-"any"isanundeterminedpronounthatmodifiesthenoun"way"andindicates"inwhatevermanner","bywhatevermeans""whatevermethod".
2.Besidevs.besides
1.Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetimebesidesplayingtennis?
2.Whereisthecat?It’sovertherebesidethedoor.
Note
"Beside"=nextto
"Besides"=inadditionto
3.Comparedtovs.comparedwith
1.Salesfell1.2%comparedwithlastyear.
2.Hecomparedthecolourofherlipstoaredrose.(Comparingtwothingsfromdifferentcategoriesthereforemakingafigurativecomparison)
Note
Sadly,fewpeoplepaymuchattentiontothesesubtle,finedistinctionsnowadaysandseemtousetheminterchangeably.
"Compare+to"=tohighlighttwosimilaritiesbetweendissimilarthings.
"Comparedwith"=tocomparelikewithlike/comparetwothingswhichfallunderthesamecategory.
4.Complimentvs.complement
1.Thecolourgreenreallycomplementsyoureyes.Youshouldweargreenmoreoften.
2.JohnandMaryreallycomplementeachother.She’squitealivelypersonwhereashe’sreallyquietandlaid-back.
3.MybosscomplimentedmeonhowwellImanagedtheproject.
4.Mybrother’sfriendisalwayspayingmecompliments.Lastnighthetoldmethatmyhairwasbeautiful.(Noun)
Note
Both"compliment"and"complement"functionasnounsandverbs.
"Compliment",tocomplimentsomeoneonsomething=topraise.Topayacomplimenttosomeoneistomakeanicecomment,expressyouradmiration.
"Complement"istocompleteorenhancesomethingorsomeoneelse.
5.Composedofvs.composedbyvs.comprise
1.Thecompanyiscomposedofhighlytrained,experiencedpeople.
2.AMinuetandTrioinGmajorwascomposedbyMozartwhenhewasjustfiveyearsold.Itwashisfirstdocumentedcomposition.
3.Atomsarecomposedofthreemainparts:protons,neutronsandelectrons.
4.Thecardiovascularsystemiscomposedoftheheartandthevascularnetwork.
5.Thatwhichiscomposedofpartsisinneedofitspartsinordertoexist.
6.Scotlandcomprisesapproximately5millionpeople.
Note
"Comprise"=include
"Composedof"=madeupof
"Composedby"=istodowithmusicoroperaandsuchlike.Amusiciancomposesmusic.Theuseoftheverb‘be’+thepastparticipleoftheverb+thepreposition‘of’areanindicationofthepassiveform.
Activeform=theverb‘compose’withoutthepreposition‘by’.
E.g.Mozartcomposed‘AMinuetandTrioinGmajor’.
6.Consistofvs.consistin
1.Theonlytruewisdomconsistsinknowingthatyouknownothing.(Socrates)
2.Ournewteamconsistsofsixpeople.
3.Faithconsistsinbelievingwhenitisbeyondthepowerofreasontobelieve(Voltaire)
4.Mynewjobconsistsindealingwithmembersofthepublic.(Thekeyelement/feature)
5.“Truegloryconsistsindoingwhatdeservestobewritten,inwritingwhatdeservestoberead,andinsolivingastomaketheworldhappierandbetterforourlivinginit.”
―PlinytheElder
6.ThomasJefferson—'Thewholeartofgovernmentconsistsintheartofbeinghonest.'
7.Ourlittletownconsistsofasupermarket,abakery,afruitshop,abutcher’s,twolargeparks,apolicestationandapub.
8.Theexperienceofpersonalizedmarketingconsistsinreachingouttoyourclientbaseinawaythatcaterstoeachperson'sprofile.
9.Shehasaveryunhealthydietwhichconsistsoffastfood,cocacola,chocolateandcakes.
Note
"Consistsof"+alistofphysicalcomponents
"Consistin"=thekeyelement/themainfeature
7.Continualvs.continuous
1.Afterfivehoursofcontinuousgameplayingontheinternet,theboycomplainedofaterribleheadache.(Non-stop)
2.Hewhosleepsincontinualnoiseisawakenedbysilence.-WilliamDeanHowells
3.Sincewemovedintoournewhouseinthevicinityoftheairport,we’vebeensufferingfromlackofsleep.Thecontinualnoisefromtheplaneshascompletelydisruptedoursleeppattern.
4.Thecontinualbarkingofourneighbour’sdogis*drivingmeupthewall.
*Drive(someone)upthewall=causetobecomecrazy
Note
Itisbecomingmoreandmorecommontoheartheadjectives"continual"and"continuous"beingusedassynonyms–however,thereisasubtledifferencewhichshouldbetakennoteof.Thesamecanbesaidfortheadverbs,"continually"and"continuously".
Bothadjectivesrefertoduration.
"Continuous"impliesdurationwithnointerruption.
"Continual"indicatesdurationthatcontinuesoveralongperiodoftime,butwithintervalsofinterruption/somethingthatisrepetitive.
8.Continuallyvs.continuously
1.Ithasbeenrainingcontinuouslyforoverthreedays.
2.Nowadaysitisbecomingmoreimportantforcompaniestocontinuallyevolveiftheywanttoremaininnovative,competitiveandrelevant.
9.Convincevs.persuade
1.Hefailedtoconvincethecourtofhisinnocence.
2.I’mtryingtopersuademumtobuymeacarbutshewon’tlistentome.
3.Afterweeksoftryingtopersuademumtobuymeacar,Ifinallyconvincedherofthebenefits,suchas*givingheralifttowherevershewantstogo,seeingthatshecannotdrive.
4.I’vebeentryingtopersuadethebankmanagertogivemealoantonoavail.
5.Theiradvertisementisintendedtopersuadeconsumerstopurchasetheirproduct.
6.She’stryingtoconvinceherselfthatherboyfriendlovesheralthoughweallknowhedoesn’t.
7.Mywifeistryingtopersuademetobecomevegetarian.
8.Thewisemanmustbeconvincedbeforehecanbepersuaded.
9.Fewarethosewhocanconvincewithoutpersuadingwhileabundantarethosewho,inordertoconvince,mustpersuade.
Note
Thoughtheirmeaningsmayberelated,‘persuade’and‘convince’arebynomeanssynonymousassomedictionariesmightleadyoutobelieve.Manyoftenconfoundtheirmeanings.
‘Topersuade’isthewillandpracticeofcoaxingothers,byusingaclearmethod,toobtainwhatonewants-theuseofeffectiveverbalskillstoinducesomeonetodosomething.
Keepinmindthat-Persuasionappealstotheheartwhileconviction(toconvince)appealstothehead.
1.Convince=causetobelieve‘toconvince’istheendresultofsuccessfulpersuasion.
2.Tobeconvinced/convinceoneself=tostronglybelievesomethingtobetruee.g.He’sconvincedhisgirlfriendischeatingonhimbutit’sallinhismind.
10.Deceitfulvs.deceptive
10.Deceitfulvs.deceptive
1.Thepictureonthatchocolatecakeboxisverydeceptive.Itshowsacakethicklycoveredinchocolatewheninrealityitonlyhasathinscrapingofchocolateonit.
2.Looksaredeceptive.
3.Deceptiveadvertisingoccurswhenareasonableconsumerismisledbyanadvertisingclaim.Thisisalsoknownas"misleading"advertising.
4.Sincetheonsetofinternet,deceptivewebsitesarebecomingmoreandmorefrequent.Thosedeceitfulpeoplewhocreatesuchsites,areunscrupulousbeingswhowillstopatnothingtogetyoutopartwithyourhard-earnedcash.
Note
Atfirstglance,theseseemtobeperfectsynonyms.Whenusedinsentenceshowever,youwillfindthat"deceitful"isalmostalwaysusedwhendescribingaperson’scharacterwhereas"deceptive"indicatesanattempttofalselyleadapersontobelievesomethingtobetrueoruntruebygivingfalseinformation,lackofsufficientinformation,concealmentofthetruth,orbyusingemotionallanguageorimagesorsomekindofmanipulationforpersonalgain.Usuallya"deceitful"personuses"deceptive"measurestoobtainwhatheorshewants.Theseadjectivesbothderivefromtheverb"deceive".
Confusingwordsexercisethree
1.Economicvs.economical
1.Smalldieselcarsare_____torun.
2.Hehadtoclosedownhisshopdueto_____issues.
3.It’smore_____toputyourwashingmachineonatnight.Thiscanloweryourelectricitybill.
4.It’smore_____todoyourshoppinginalargehypermarketthaninasmallgrocerystore.
5._____growthhasbecomeatoppriorityfortheStatessincethe2008financialcrisis.
2.Electricalvs.electric
1.Thatnew_____storestockssomereallyinexpensive_____appliances.I’mthinkingofgettinganewwashingmachinefromit.Isawoneataknockdownprice.
2.That_____fireIboughtiscostingafortunetorun.MyelectricitybillisskyhighsinceIstartedusingit.3.“Doyouhaveagascookeroran_____cooker?”“Ihaveagascooker.Iusedtohaveand_____onebutitwastooexpensivetorun.”
3.Enquirevs.inquire
1.Mynewdoctor_____aboutmymedicalhistory.
1.Mynewdoctor_____aboutmymedicalhistory.
2.Theprosecutor_____astothewhereaboutsofthedefendantatthetimeoftheallegedkilling.
4.Enquiryvs.inquiry
1.Thepolicemadedoortodoor_____afteroneofourneighbourswasfounddeadinthecourtyard.
2.General_____abouttraintimesandsuchlikecanbemadeattheinformationdeskatthetrainstation.
5.Especiallyvs.specially
1.Imadethiscake_____foryou.
2.Thecarisa_____designedmodel.
3.Iloveanimals-_____dogs.
4.Thedogsare_____trainedtofindhumanremains.
5.Thehotelhas_____adaptedroomsforguestswithdisabilities.
6.Ourrestauranthasa_____preparedmenuforvegetarians.
7.Ilovecocacola_____whentheweather’sreallyhot.
8.Theairporthas_____designatedsmokingareas.
6.Everybodyvs.everybody
1._____isdifferentsoavoidcomparingyourbodytothatofyourfriends.
2._____laughedwhenthecomediantoldthejoke.Itwassofunny.
7.Everydayvs.everyday
1._____Igotoworkbytrain.
2.My_____routineisratherboring.
8.Historicvs.historical
1.Itwasa________eventwhenNeilArmstronglandedonthemoon.
2.Therearecountless________monumentsinRome,manyofwhichcanbefoundinthe________centreofthecity.
3.TheassassinationofAbrahamLincolnisa________event
4.The‘TBTF’(Toobigtofail)2008financialmeltdownisa________event.
5.“Apocalypto”isamongthetop________moviesofalltime.
6.LeoTolstoy’s“WarandPeace”isa________novel.
9.Howevervs.however
1._____didyoumanagetofinishtheprojectinsuchashortspaceoftime?
2._____muchItrytolearnJapanese,I’mjustnotable.
3.IknowIdidn’tgetgoodgradesatschool;_____,itdidn'tmeanthatIdidn'thavethepotentialtobecomeanentrepreneur,whichiswhatIamtoday.
10.Lievs.lay
1.Ialways_____inbedforabouthalfanhourbeforeIgetup.
2.Whydidyou_____tome?Youarenotatruthfulman.
3.He_____thebookonthetablebeforeleavingtheroom.
Confusingwordsexercisethree-answers
1.Economicvs.economical
Thesearebothadjectivesbutwhatisthedifferencebetweenthem?
1.Smalldieselcarsareeconomicaltorun.
2.Hehadtoclosedownhisshopduetoeconomicissues.
3.It’smoreeconomicaltoputyourwashingmachineonatnight.Thiscanloweryourelectricitybill.
4.It’smoreeconomicaltodoyourshoppinginalargehypermarketthaninasmallgrocerystore.
5.EconomicgrowthhasbecomeatoppriorityfortheStatessincethe2008financialcrisis.
Note
"Economic"talksaboutmoney
"Economical"=savemoney/notwasteit
2.Electricalvs.electric
Thesearealsobothadjectivesbutwhatisthedifferencebetweenthem?
1.Thatnewelectricalstorestockssomereallyinexpensiveelectricalappliances.I’mthinkingofgettinganewwashingmachinefromit.Isawoneataknockdownprice.
2.ThatelectricfireIboughtiscostingafortunetorun.MyelectricitybillisskyhighsinceIstartedusingit.
3.“Doyouhaveagascookeroranelectriccooker?”“Ihaveagascooker.Iusedtohaveandelectriconebutitwastooexpensivetorun.”
Note
"Electric"=somethingthatrunsonelectricity.
"Electric"isalsousedmetaphorically;theatmosphereatthefootballmatchwaselectric.
"Electrical"=relatedtoelectricity
"Electrical"=relatedtoelectricity
3.Enquirevs.inquire
1.Thepolicemadedoortodoorinquiriesafteroneofourneighbourswasfounddeadinthecourtyard.
2.Generalenquiriesabouttraintimesandsuchlikecanbemadeattheinformationdeskatthetrainstation.
Note
Boththeseverbshavethesameunderlyingmeaning.Theybothbasicallymean"ask".
"Enquire"and"enquiry"areusedforthegeneralsenseof"ask",and"inquire"and"inquiry"aremorecommonlyusedwhenreferringtoaformalinvestigationalthoughintheUSitismorecommontouseonly"inquire"and"inquiry"forboththegeneraluseandalsotheformal.
4.Enquiryvs.inquiry
1.Thepolicemadedoortodoorinquiriesafteroneofourneighbourswasfounddeadinthecourtyard.
2.Generalenquiriesabouttraintimesandsuchlikecanbemadeattheinformationdeskatthetrainstation.
Note
Seeexplanationinnumber3.
5.Especiallyvs.specially
1.Imadethiscakeespeciallyforyou.
2.Thecarisaspeciallydesignedmodel.
3.Iloveanimals-especiallydogs.
4.Thedogsarespeciallytrainedtofindhumanremains.
5.Thehotelhasspeciallyadaptedroomsforguestswithdisabilities.
6.Ourrestauranthasaspeciallypreparedmenuforvegetarians.
7.Ilovecocacolaespeciallywhentheweather’sreallyhot.
8.Theairporthasspeciallydesignatedsmokingareas.
Note
Thesetwoadverbsarebeginningtobeusedinterchangeablywhichisapitybecausetheydonotmeanthesamething.
“Especially”=aboveall/particularly–usedtoemphasizeoneperson/thingorgroupofpeopleorthings/situationsinparticular.E.g.I’mgoodatlanguages,especiallyFrench.
“Specially”=foradistinctpurpose.
“Specially”isusedinhighfrequencywiththeverbs,designed,created,made,trainedandprepared.
Especiallyisusedalotwith“nouns”,“adjectives+nouns”,andwith“when”,“in”,and“for”.
6.Everybodyvs.everybody
1.Everybodyisdifferentsoavoidcomparingyourbodytothatofyourfriends.
2.Everybodylaughedwhenthecomediantoldthejoke.Itwassofunny.
Note
"Everybody"=eachindividualbody
"Everybody"=everyperson,synonymouswith"everyone".
7.Everydayvs.everyday
1.EverydayIgotoworkbytrain.
2.Myeverydayroutineisratherboring.Adjective
Note
"Everyday"=anadverbialphrasemeaning“eachday”.
"Everyday"=anadjective-somethingdoneonadailybasis.
8.Historicvs.historical
1.ItwasahistoriceventwhenNeilArmstronglandedonthemoon.
2.TherearecountlesshistoricalmonumentsinRome,manyofwhichcanbefoundinthehistoriccentreofthecity.
3.TheassassinationofAbrahamLincolnisahistoricevent
4.The‘TBTF’(Toobigtofail)2008financialmeltdownisahistoricalevent.
5.“Apocalypto”isamongthetophistoricalmoviesofalltime.
6.LeoTolstoy’s“WarandPeace”isahistoricalnovel.
Note
Historic=importantinhistory;aneventthatwillcontinuetobeimportantforeverduetotheeffectsonsociety/somethingthatwillgointohistorybooks.
Historical=reflectingthepast/setinthepastfornovels,dramasorfilms–thesedonotenterhistorybooks.
9.Howevervs.however
1.Howeverdidyoumanagetofinishtheprojectinsuchashortspaceoftime?
2.HowevermuchItrytolearnJapanese,I’mjustnotable.
3.IknowIdidn’tgetgoodgradesatschool;however,itdidn'tmeanthatIdidn'thavethepotentialtobecomeanentrepreneur,whichiswhatIamtoday.’
Note
How+ever=theinterrogativepronoun‘how’followedby‘ever’whichisusedforemphasis.E.g.Howdidyoumanage?Howeverdidyoumanage?Thestressisontheemphatic‘ever’.
Innumbertwo,“however”,whenusedatthebeginningofasentenceisanadverbandnotanadverbialconjunction.
Inexamplenumberthree,“however”isanadverbialconjunction.
10.Lievs.lay
1.IalwayslieinbedforabouthalfanhourbeforeIgetup.
2.Whydidyoulietome?Youarenotatruthfulman.
3.Helaythebookonthetablebeforeleavingtheroom.
Note
Innumberone,“lie”isanirregularverb-lie/lay/lain–itmeanstoplaceyourself/orremaininahorizontalposition.
Innumbertwo“lie”isaregularverbbutwiththesameinfinitiveasnumberone–lie/lied/lied–itmeanstospeakuntruths.
Innumberthree“lay”isanirregulartransitiveverbwhichcannotbeusedwithoutanobject-lay/laid/laidandmeanstoplacesomethingonsomething.
Confusingwordsexercisefour
1.Maybevs.maybe
1.That_____Johnatthedoor.Hesaidhe*mightpoproundthismorning.
2.AreyougoingtothepartyonSaturday?_____.Ihaven’tdecidedyet.
*Popround=payquickvisittosomeone
2.Nobodyvs.nobody
1.Amanwaschargedwithmurderafterhisneighbourwentmissing.Although_____waseverfound,circumstantialevidenceagainsttheman,includingcell-phonerecords,websearches,surveillancephotoimagesandpurchaseofacid,waspresentedbyprosecutors.
2._____knowsanythingabouthim.He’sareservedman.Hekeepshimselftohimself.
3.Overtimevs.overtime
1.Myhusbanddoesalotof_____inhisjob.
2.Weenrichourservicesyearlysotheyimprove_____.
4.Practisevs.practice
1.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishoranyotherlanguageforthatmatter,youneedto_____asmuchasyoucan.
thatmatter,youneedto_____asmuchasyoucan.
2.Withalotof_____,youcanlearnanything.Asthesayinggoes,_____makesperfect.
5.Principlevs.principal
1.Dishonestyisagainstmy_____.
2.The_____wouldliketoseeyouinherofficeafterschooltoday.
6.Raisevs.rise
1.Prices_____allthetimebutsalariesseemtostaythesame.
2.Thegovernmenthasannounceditsintentionto_____taxesinthenearfuture.
3.Thegovernmenthasdecidedto_____theminimumwage.
4.She_____fromherchairandwalkedouttheroom.
7.Sometimevs.sometimesvs.sometime
1.Let’smeetforacoffee_____nextweek.
2.I_____forgetwhatIamdoing.IthinkIhavegotatouchofdementia.
3.It’lltakemequite_____tofinishthisassignment.
8.Stationaryvs.stationery
8.Stationaryvs.stationery
1.We’llhavetoordersomenew_____.We’rebeginningtorunoutofpens,pencils,paperclips,envelopes,andpaperforthephotocopier.
2._____objectsoutsideofamovingtrainappeartobeinmotionwhenviewedfromwithinthetrain.
3.Themainbenefitofusinga_____bikeforphysicalactivityisthatyouwillbeabletoperformacardiovascularworkoutwithlowimpactonallyourjoints.
9.Whatevervs.whatever
1._____happenedtothatoldwatchgrandpagaveme?I’vesearchedeverywhereandIcannotfindit.
2._____youdo,don’ttellhimwhatIsaid.It’sasecret.
3.We’lldo_____youwant;aslongasyousignthecontract.
10.Whoevervs.whoever
1.Mysisteristheonlypersoninthefamily_____usesthehomephone.Alltherestofususeourmobiles.
2.“Someone’satthedoor.”“_____itis,tellthemI’mnotathome.Idon’twanttospeaktoanyone.”
Confusingwordsexercisefour-answers
1.Maybevs.maybe
1.ThatmaybeJohnatthedoor.Hesaidhemight*poproundthismorning.
2.AreyougoingtothepartyonSaturday?Maybe!Ihaven’tdecidedyet.
*Popround=paysomeoneaquickvisit.
Note
Innumberone,“may”isamodalauxiliaryverb,usedtomodifytheinfinitiveverbwhichfollowsit;inthiscase“be”–itexpressespossibility.
Innumbertwo“maybe”isanadverbwhichissynonymouswith“perhaps”.Aswith“maybe”,itexpressespossibility.
2.Nobodyvs.nobody
1.Amanwaschargedwithmurderafterhisneighbourwentmissing.Althoughnobodywaseverfound,circumstantialevidenceagainsttheman,includingcell-phonerecords,websearches,surveillancephotoimagesandpurchaseofacid,waspresentedbyprosecutors.
2.Nobodyknowsanythingaboutme.Ikeepmyselftomyself.
Note
Innumberone,“nobody”=theabsenceofabody/acorpse
Innumbertwo“nobody”isanindefinitepronounwhichmeans“notevenoneperson”andissynonymouswith“noone”.
Particularattentionshouldbeconsideredwhenpronouncing“nobody”and“nobody”.
“Nobody”hasthestressonbothwords,whilewith“nobody”,thestressisonthefirstsyllableandthe“o”in“body”takesontheextremelyweak“schwa”sound.
3.Overtimevs.overtime
1.Myhusbanddoesalotofovertimeinhisjob.
2.Weenrichourservicesyearlysotheyimproveovertime.
Innumberone,“overtime”isacompoundnounwhichmeans,“extraworkinghours”.
Innumbertwo,“overtime”isanadverbialphrasewhichmeans”graduallyinthecourseoftime/withthepassingoftime”.
4.Practisevs.practice
1.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishoranyotherlanguageforthatmatter,youneedtopractiseasmuchasyoucan.
2.Withalotofpractice,youcanlearnanything.
Note
“Practise”istheverb,while“practice”isthenoun.
5.Principlevs.principal
1.Dishonestyisagainstmyprinciples.
2.Theprincipalwouldliketoseeyouinherofficeafterschooltoday.
Note
“Principle”=concepts/abeliefthatyouvalue.
“Principal”=people/themainperson/theheadofaschoolororganisation.
6.Raisevs.rise
1.Pricesriseallthetimebutsalariesseemtostaythesame.
2.Thegovernmenthasannounceditsintentiontoraisetaxesinthenearfuture.
3.Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoraisetheminimumwage.
4.Sherosefromherchairandwalkedouttheroom.
Note
Bothverbsmeantomoveinanupwarddirection.
‘Raise’isatransitiveverbthereforeanobjectmustfollowit,whereaswiththe
‘Raise’isatransitiveverbthereforeanobjectmustfollowit,whereaswiththeverb‘rise’,noobjectisrequired.
(Somebody)raises(something)orinthepassivestructure,(something)israisedby(someone).Youcannotsayforexample,‘Iraise’inisolation.Youneedtostate‘what’youraise.E.g.Iraisemyworkerssalariesonceayear.
Innumberfour‘rose’,thepasttenseof‘rise’,meanstostandup.Itcanalsomeantogetup.E.g.Iriseearlyeverymorning.(Igetupearlyeverymorning).
7.Sometimevs.sometimevs.sometime
1.Let’smeetforacoffeesometimenextweek.
2.IsometimesforgetwhatIamdoing.IthinkIhavegotatouchofdementia.
3.It’lltakemequitesometimetofinishthisassignment.
Note
Innumberone,‘sometime’isusedtorefertoanindefiniterandommoment.
Innumbertwo,‘sometimes’isanadverboffrequencymeaning‘occasionally’.
Innumberthree,‘some’isusedasanadjectivetodescribeanamountoftime,usuallyquitealot.Theuseof‘quite’intensifies‘some’.
8.Stationaryvs.stationery
1.We’llhavetoordersomenewstationery.We’rebeginningtorunoutofpens,pencils,paperclips,envelopes,andpaperforthephotocopier.
2.Stationaryobjectsoutsideofamovingtrainappeartobeinmotionwhenviewedfromwithinthetrain.
3.Themainbenefitofusingastationarybikeforphysicalactivityisthatyouwillbeabletoperformacardiovascularworkoutwithlowimpactonallyourjoints.
Note
Thesetwowordsarehomophones,thatis,theyhaveexactlythesamepronunciationbutdifferentspellings.
Innumberone,thenoun‘stationery’isthecollectivenameformaterialsusedforwritingsuchaspens,pencils,rubbers,paperetc.
Innumberstwoandthree,theadjective‘stationary’means‘motionless’,thatis,notmovingandcanalsorefertoafixed,unmovableobject.
notmovingandcanalsorefertoafixed,unmovableobject.
9.Whatevervs.whatever
1.Whateverhappenedtothatoldwatchgrandpagaveme?I’vesearchedeverywhereandIcannotfindit.
2.Whateveryoudo,don’ttellhimwhatIsaid.It’sasecret.
3.We’lldowhateveryouwant;aslongasyousignthecontract.
Note
What+ever=theinterrogativepronoun‘what’followedbytheadverb‘ever’-usedforemphasis.E.g.Whathappened?Whateverhappened?Thestressisontheemphatic‘ever’.
Innumbertwo,therelativepronoun‘whatever’,means‘nomatterwhat’.
Innumberthree,‘whatever’,means‘anything.
10.Whoevervs.whoever
1.Mysisteristheonlypersoninthefamilywhoeverusesthehomephone.Alltherestofususeourmobiles.
2.“Someone’satthedoor.”“Whoeveritis,tellthemI’mnotathome.Idon’twanttospeaktoanyone.”
Note
Who+ever=theinterrogativepronoun‘who’followedbytheadverb‘ever’-usedforemphasis.E.g.mysisteristheonlypersoninthefamilywhousesthephone.Placetheemphatic‘ever’after‘who’toemphasisethefact.Thestressisontheemphatic‘ever’.
Innumbertwo,therelativepronoun‘whoever’,means‘nomatterwho’.
Confusingwords-exercisefive
Putthemostsuitableofthefollowingthreewordsintothegaps.
A.flawB.faultyC.defect
1.Thisnewmobilephoneis_____.I’mgoingtotakeitbacktotheshoptomorrow.
2.There’sa_____inyourtheory.
3.A_____internetconnectionissomethingthatcandriveyouroundthebend.
4.Softwareengineerswereworkingroundtheclockaftera_____databasescriptbroughtthecompanytoitsknees.
5.Acompanywasorderedbyajudgetopaycompensationtopatientswho’dhad_____anddangeroushipimplantsurgery.
6.Ourwebsitehasasecurity_____.
7.Iwasbornwithaneye_____butluckilyhastyintervention,fromatopeyesurgeonscorrectedit.
8.Althoughofalowerquality,opensourcedcodewassuggestedtohavefewer_____thanproprietarycode.
9.A_____inthesystemcanslowdownyourcomputer.
10.AbridgeintheStatescollapseddueto_____
10.AbridgeintheStatescollapseddueto_____engineering.
11.Althoughshemadeavalidpoint,there’sa_____inherlogic.
12.Afterwepurchasedwhatappearedtobethehomeofourdreams,wediscoveredmanyhidden_____.
13.Holidaymakerswereleftwaitingforalmosttwentyfourhoursinanairportdepartureloungeaftertheirplanewasleftgroundedwhena_____wasdiscoveredintheaircrafts’engine.
14.Amanufacturing_____occurswhenaproductfailstomeetitsownmanufacturingspecifications.
15.Jealousyisacharacter_____,-afear-basedemotion-thatusuallyleadstoassumptionsthataredestructive.
Exercisefive-answers
1.Thisnewmobilephoneisfaulty.I’mgoingtotakeitbacktotheshoptomorrow.
2.There’saflawinyourtheory.
3.Afaultyinternetconnectionissomethingthatcandriveyouroundthebend.
4.Softwareengineerswere*workingroundtheclockafterafaultydatabasescriptbroughtthecompanytoitsknees.
*Workroundtheclock=workalldayandallnight
5.Acompanywasorderedbyajudgetopaycompensationtopatientswho’dhadfaultyanddangeroushipimplantsurgery.
6.Ourwebsitehassecurityflaws.
7.Iwasbornwithaneyedefectbutluckilyhastyintervention,fromatopeyesurgeon,correctedit.
8.Althoughofalowerquality,opensourcedcodewassuggestedtohavefewerdefectsthanproprietarycode.
9.Aflawinthesystemcanslowdownyourcomputer.
10.AbridgeintheStatescollapsedduetofaultyengineering.
11.Althoughshemadeavalidpoint,there’saflawinherlogic.
12.Afterwepurchasedwhatappearedtobethehomeofourdreams,wediscoveredmanyhiddendefects.
13.Holidaymakerswereleftwaitingforalmosttwentyfourhoursinanairportdepartureloungeaftertheirplanewasleftgroundedwhenaflawwasdiscoveredintheaircrafts’engine.
14.Amanufacturingdefectoccurswhenaproductfailstomeetitsownmanufacturingspecifications.
15.Jealousyisacharacterflaw-afear-basedemotionthatusuallyleadstoassumptionsthataredestructive.
Note
‘Faulty’isanadjectivemeaning‘defective’,‘imperfect’.
‘Flaw’isanounandmeans,weakness,defect,error,fallacy.
‘Flaw’isanounandmeans,weakness,defect,error,fallacy.
Ifanargumentisnotconvincingthenthereisa‘flaw’init.Itisalsocommontousetheadjective‘flawed’for,arguments,theories,reasoningandlogic.
‘Defect’-isanounandmeans‘imperfection’causinghinderedfunctionalityorfailuretomeettheexpectedspecifications.Alsocommonistheadjective‘defective’.
Confusingwords-exercisesix
Putthemostsuitableofthefollowingfourwordsintothegapsintheexercisebelow.
A.stenchB.scentC.odourD.aroma
1.Duetothelackofrainfallallsummer,therewasanawful_____comingfromthesewer.
2.It’swonderfultowalkaroundthebotanicgardensand*takeinthebeautiful_____ofalltheflowersandplants.
3.Thetoilet’sallblockedup.We’llhaveto*callouttheplumber.The_____istoomuchtobear.
4.IusedtolivenotfarfromacoffeefactoryandeverytimeIpassedit,thewonderful_____ofcoffeewaftedthroughtheair.
5.Ifyourshoes*giveoffabad_____,thensprinklingtheinsideswithsomebicarbonateofsodashouldabsorbtheoffensivesmell.
6.Ilovethe_____offreshlybakedbread.
7.Whensweatmixeswithbacteriaontheskin,itcanresultinbody_____.
8.The_____oftherottenmeathitmeasIopenedthefridgedoor.I’dbeenonholidayfortwoweeksandhadforgottentothrowthemincepiesoutbeforeIleft.
forgottentothrowthemincepiesoutbeforeIleft.
9.Thelovely_____ofthebasilsaucewhettedourappetiteasthewaiterplacedthedishesofpastaonourtable.
10.Ilovewalkingpasttheperfumerystoreandinhalingthesweet_____ofperfume.
11.Cruciferousvegetablessuchascabbage,broccoliandbrusselsproutsareimportantforourhealth.Thedownsideisthatthey*giveoffthemostawful_____whilstbeingcooked.Thisisduetotheirbeingrichinsulphur.
12.I’mjustgoingtopoursomebleachdownthekitchensink.There’sabad_____comingfromit.
13.Ihadtoholdmybreathfortheentiretyofthedrivethroughthecountrylane,whenthe_____ofhorsemanurehitusonwhatwasclassifiedasBritain’shottestdayinmorethanadecade.
14.Usingtheirextraordinarysenseofsmell,cadaverdogsareableto*pickupthe_____ofhumanremains.
15.There’salwaysanunderlying_____ofcigarsmokecomingfrommyfather’sstudy.
Exercisesix-answers
Allofthefollowingnounscanbereplacedwiththegenericnoun‘smell’,addinganadjectivetogivemoreemphasistothemeaning.
Stench=averybad/foulsmell.Commonsynonymsare‘stink’and‘pong’.
Scentandaroma=apleasantsmell.
Odour=eitherapleasantorunpleasantsmell,dependingonthecontext.
1.Duetothelackofrainfallallsummer,therewasanawfulstenchcomingfromthesewer.
2.It’swonderfultowalkaroundthebotanicgardensand*takeinthebeautifulscentofalltheflowersandplants.
*Takein=inhale/absorb
3.Thetoilet’sallblockedup.We’llhaveto*callouttheplumber.Thestenchistoomuchtobear.
*Callout=requestavisitfromaspecialist
4.IusedtolivenotfarfromacoffeefactoryandeverytimeIpassedit,thewonderfularomaofcoffeewaftedthroughtheair.
5.Ifyourshoes*giveoffabadodour,thensprinklingtheinsideswithsomebicarbonateofsodashouldabsorbtheoffensivesmell.
*Giveoff=omit
6.Ilovethearomaoffreshlybakedbread.
7.Whensweatmixeswithbacteriaontheskin,itcanresultinbodyodour.
8.ThestenchoftherottenmeathitmeasIopenedthefridgedoor.I’dbeenonholidayfortwoweeksandhadforgottentothrowthemincepiesoutbeforeIleft.
9.Thelovelyscentofthebasilsaucewhettedourappetiteasthewaiterplacedthedishesofpastaonourtable.
10.Ilovewalkingpasttheperfumerystoreandinhalingthesweetscentofperfume.
11.Cruciferousvegetablessuchascabbage,broccoliandbrusselsproutsareimportantforourhealth.Thedownsideisthatthey*giveoffthemostawful
stenchwhilstbeingcooked.Thisisduetotheirbeingrichinsulphur.
*Giveoff=emit
12.I’mjustgoingtopoursomebleachdownthekitchensink.There’sabadodourcomingfromit.
13.Ihadtoholdmybreathfortheentiretyofthedrivethroughthecountrylane,whenthestenchofhorsemanurehitmeonwhatwasclassifiedasBritain’shottestdayinmorethanadecade.
14.Usingtheirextraordinarysenseofsmell,cadaverdogsareableto*pickupthescentofhumanremains.
*Pickup=perceivewiththesenses
15.There’salwaysanunderlyingaromaofcigarsmokecomingfrommyfather’sstudy.
Confusingwords-exerciseseven
Putthemostsuitableofthefollowingfouradjectivesintothegapsintheexercisebelow.
A.strongB.resilientC.toughD.durable
1.“Waiter!Thismeatistoo_____.Italmostbrokemytooth.Iaskedfortendermeat.”
2.Janeisvery_____.Afterherdivorceshewasableto*getonwithherlifeandnotfallintoadepression.
3.Thatgroupofteenagerswhostandaroundthestreetcornerarea_____lot.
4.‘Whenthegoinggets_____,the_____getgoing’,isanEnglishexpressionwhichmeans,whenlifegetshard,it’sthe_____peoplewhoareabletosurvive.
5.Thesebootsarereally_____and_____totherain.That’sfourwintersI’vewornthemandthey’restillingoodcondition.
6.Thisteaistoo_____.Howmanyteabagsdidyouputinit?
7.MySonyVAIOcomputerhasprovedtobeextremely_____.Ithaslastedfourteenyears.Ijustwishtheyhadn’tdiscontinuedthemasI’dlovetobeabletobuyanotherone.
8.Areyou_____tochange?How_____areyouwhenfacedwithlife’schallengesanddifficulties?
9.Youneedtobe_____whenlifehitsyouinthefacewithyetanotherproblem.
10.There’sa_____linkbetweenreadingandbeingsuccessfulinlife.
Confusingwords-exerciseseven-answers
1.“Waiter!Thismeatistootough.Italmostbrokemytooth.Iaskedfortendermeat.”
2.Janeisveryresilient.Afterherdivorceshewasableto*getonwithherlifeandnotfallintoadepression.
*Getonwith=continue
3.Thatgroupofteenagerswhostandaroundthestreetcornerareatoughlot.
4.‘Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetgoing’,isanEnglishexpressionwhichmeans,whenlifegetshard,it’sthestrongpeoplewhoareabletosurvive.
5.Thesebootsarereallytoughandresilienttotherain.That’sfourwintersI’vewornthemandthey’restillingoodcondition.
6.Thisteaistoostrong.Howmanyteabagsdidyouputinit?
7.MySonyVAIOcomputerhasprovedtobeextremelydurable.Ithaslastedfourteenyears.Ijustwishtheyhadn’tdiscontinuedthemasI’dlovetobeabletobuyanotherone.
8.Areyouresilienttochange?Howtoughareyouwhenfacedwithlife’schallengesanddifficulties?
9.Youneedtobestrongwhenlifehitsyouinthefacewithyetanotherproblem.
10.There’sastronglinkbetweenreadingandbeingsuccessfulinlife.
Note
Tough(whenreferringtocharacter)=1Apersonofstrongcharacter-positivemeaning.2Arowdythug–negativemeaning.Tough(whenreferringtoobjects)=noteasilybroken.Tough(whenreferringtoasituation)=difficult
Durable=stayingoodconditionlastingforalongtimeevenafterconstantuse.
Resilient(whenreferringtostrengthofcharacter)=topossesstheabilitytobounceback,returntoyournormalself,inlifewhenfacedwithtribulations.
Resilient(whenreferringtoobjects)=abletowithstandheavydutyuseovertime.
Strongistheoppositeof‘weak’.
Confusingwords-exerciseeight
Putthemostsuitableofthefollowingthreeadverbsintothegapsintheexercisebelow.
A.thoroughlyB.fullyC.wholly
1.I_____enjoyedmyselfatChristine’sbirthdaypartylastnight.
2.We_____understandyourconcerns.
3.I_____agreewithwhatyouaresaying.
4.Myauntis_____involvedincharitywork.
5.Yourgoodswillbetransported_____bysea.
6.Mymother_____cleansthehouseeverySaturdaymorning.
7.Myhusbandis_____committedtohiswork.
8.We_____discussedtheissuebeforereachingadecision.
9.Don’tunplugmycomputeryet.I’mwaitingforthebatterytobe_____charged.
10.WehadagreattimeontheGreekislands.We_____exploredthemfromoneendtotheother.
Confusingwords-exerciseeight-answers
1.IthoroughlyenjoyedmyselfatChristine’sbirthdaypartylastnight.
2.Wefullyunderstandyourconcerns.
3.Iwhollyagreewithwhatyouaresaying.
4.Myauntisfullyinvolvedincharitywork.
5.Yourgoodswillbetransportedwhollybysea.
6.MymotherthoroughlycleansthehouseeverySaturdaymorning.
7.Myhusbandisfullycommittedtohiswork.
8.Wethoroughlydiscussedtheissuebeforereachingadecision.
9.Don’tunplugmycomputeryet.I’mwaitingforthebatterytobefullycharged.
10.WehadagreattimeontheGreekislands.Wethoroughlyexploredthemfromoneendtotheother.
Note
Whilethesethreeadverbsarevariantsofoneanother,eachofthemisusedtomodifydifferentverbs/adjectives.
Thoroughly=deeplyandcompletely.Usedmostlywiththefollowingverbs:
Accept,abide,analyse,appreciate,approve,believe,check,clean,deserve,detest,discuss,enjoy,examine,explain,explore,illustrate,inspect,investigate,master,persuade,research,search,study,recommend,repent,respect,review,test,understand,wash.
Fully=completely.Usedmostlywiththefollowingverbsandtheircorrespondingadjectives:
Accept,accepted(adj),appreciate,charge(forbatteries),commit,committed(adj)cooked(adj)dependdependant(adj)develop,develop(adj),dressed,(fullydressed/clothed=notpartiallydressed),engage(tobefullyengaged(adj)inyourwork,abook,adiscussionetc.),explore,focus,focused(adj)intact,integrate,integrated(adj),implement,implement(adj)involve,involved(adj)load,loaded(adj)operate/operable,
Wholly=totally,ineveryrespect,andistheoppositeofpartially.
Usedmainlywith:agree,disagree,regretamongothers.
Usedmainlywith:agree,disagree,regretamongothers.
Confusingwords-exercisenine
1.Fantasyvs.imagination
1.Tobeanovelist,youreallyneedtohaveavivid_____.
2._____isavisualexperiencecomingfromwithin.
3.Don’tbelieveawordshesays.Shelivesina_____world.
4.Creationbeginswith_____.
5.Thoseso-called‘reality’showsonTVarenothingmorethan_____.
6.Manyoftheyoung,andnot-so-young,areaddictedto_____computergames,wheretheycanescapetherealityofeverydaylife.
2.Publicityvs.advertisement
1.I’mlookingatthe_____inthenewspaper.Ineedtofindajob.
2.Theroyalweddingreceivedalotof_____.Visibility
3.Weneedtothinkofagood_____stunttopromoteourproducts.
3.Weddingvs.marriage
1.MaryandJimaregettingmarried.They’veinvitedustotheir_____.
2.AfteryearsofwhatJanetdefinedas‘the_____fromhell,’shefinallywentaheadwithdivorceproceedings.
3.Myparentshavealwayshadaveryhappy_____.Theyveryrarelyargue,andifso,it’salwaysabouttrivialmatters.
4.Eldervs.older
1.Johnismy_____brother.He’sthreeyearsmysenior.
2.“Whoisthe_____ofthetwins?”“Michael.He’s_____thanPaulbyfiveminutes.”
5.Clothsvs.clothes
1.Iboughtacoupleofnewclothstodaytocleanthekitchen.Theoldonesarecompletelywornout.
2.Putonyourclothesoryou’llbelateforschool.
6.Emigratevs.immigrate
1.We_____toCanadawhenIwastenyearsold.(Arrivalinanothercountry)
2.We_____fromEnglandtoCanada.(Departurefromyourcountryoforigintobecomeresidentinanothercountry)
7.Sensiblevs.sensitive
1.You’reoverly_____,”saidmybrother,whenhesawmecryingoverthedeadspider.
2.It’salways_____tobegintomakeprovisionsforapensionstartingfromayoungage.
3.We’reluckytohavesucha_____daughter.Shewouldneverdoanythingstupid.
4.Ihavetoweardarkglassesasmyeyesareso_____todaylight.
8.Highvs.tall
1.Ican’treachthetopshelf.It’stoo_____.Getmetheladderplease.
2.Theoldoaktreestands_____atthefootofthegarden.
3.Myfatherisa_____man.He’s1.98m.
4.WhatIlikeaboutmygardenisthatitissurroundedbyavery_____wall.Itgivesmealotofprivacy.
5.Theplaneflew_____inthesky.
9.Farthervs.further
1.Mynewhouseis_____fromthestationthanmyoldhouse.
2.Shouldyouneedany_____information,pleasedonot
2.Shouldyouneedany_____information,pleasedonothesitatetogetintouch.
10.Whethervs.weather
1.I’mtiredofthisawful_____.It’sbeenrainingnon-stopforweeksonend.
2.“_____youlikeitornot,youaregoingtoschooltomorrow,”saidTracytoherdaughterwho,asusual,wantedyetanotherdayoffschooltolazearoundthehouse.
3.Idon’tknow_____tophonehimornot.
Confusingwords-exercisenine
1.Fantasyvs.imagination
1.Tobeanovelist,youreallyneedtohaveavividimagination.(Theflowofthoughtsfromthemind)
2.Imaginationisavisualexperiencecomingfromwithin.
3.Don’tbelieveawordshesays.Shelivesinafantasyworld.(Makebelief,unreal,figmentoftheimagination)
4.Creationbeginswithimagination.(Theflowofthoughts)
5.Thoseso-called‘reality’showsonTVarenothingmorethanfantasy.(Makebelief,unreal,constructionoffalseimages)
6.Manyoftheyoung,andnot-so-young,areaddictedtofantasycomputergames,wheretheycanescapetherealityofeverydaylife.(Makebelief,unreal)
2.Publicityvs.advertisement
1.I’mlookingattheadvertisementsinthenewspaper.Ineedtofindajob.(
2.Theroyalweddingreceivedalotofpublicity.(Visibility)
3.Weneedtothinkofagoodpublicitystunttopromoteourproducts.
3.Weddingvs.marriage
1.MaryandJimaregettingmarried.They’veinvitedustotheirwedding.
2.AfteryearsofwhatJanetdefinedas‘themarriagefromhell,’shefinallywentaheadwithdivorceproceedings.
3.Myparentshavealwayshadaveryhappymarriage.Theyveryrarelyargue,andifso,it’salwaysabouttrivialmatters.
4.Eldervs.older
1.Johnismyelderbrother.He’sthreeyearsmysenior.
2.“Whoistheelderofthetwins?”“Michael.He’solderthanPaulbyfive
minutes.”
5.Clothsvs.clothes
1.Iboughtacoupleofnewclothstodaytocleanthekitchen.Theoldonesarecompletelywornout.
2.Putonyourclothesoryou’llbelateforschool.
6.Emigratevs.immigrate
1.WeimmigratedtoCanadawhenIwastenyearsold.(Arrivalinanothercountry)
2.WeemigratedfromEnglandtoCanada.(Departurefromyourcountryoforigintobecomeresidentinanothercountry)
7.Sensiblevs.sensitive
1.You’reoverlysensitive,”saidmybrother,whenhesawmecryingoverthedeadspider.
2.It’salwayssensibletobegintomakeprovisionsforapensionstartingfromayoungage.
3.We’reluckytohavesuchasensibledaughter.Shewouldneverdoanythingstupid.
4.Ihavetoweardarkglassesasmyeyesaresosensitivetothesun.
8.Highvs.tall
1.Ican’treachthetopshelf.It’stoohigh.Getmetheladderplease.
2.Theoldoaktreestandstallatthefootofthegarden.
3.Myfatherisatallboy.He’s1.98m.
4.WhatIlikeaboutmygardenisthatitissurroundedbyaveryhighwall.Itgivesmealotofprivacy.
5.Theplaneflewhighinthesky.
Note
‘Tall’and‘high’createconfusion.
Usetheadjectivetall’todescribe‘measurement’fromthebottomtothetopinaverticalposition.
Use‘tall’foraperson.Theoppositeofatallpersonisa‘short’personwhereastheoppositeof‘high’is‘low’.
Use‘tall’forabuildingwhenitisnarrowinheight,oratree.
Mountainscanbedescribedashighbutnottall,andawall,suchasagardenwall,isdescribedashighandnottall.Wallsandmountainarewideandnotlongandnarrowinheight.
9.Farthervs.further
1.Mynewhouseisfarther/furtherfromthestationthanmyoldhouse.
2.Shouldyouneedanyfurtherinformation,pleasedonothesitatetogetintouch.
Note
‘Farther’and‘further’arebothcomparativeformsoftheadjective‘far’,sobothcanbeusedinexamplenumberone.Inexamplenumbertwohowever,only‘further’canbeusedasitdoesnotimplydistance.
10.Whethervs.weather
1.I’mtiredofthisawfulweather.It’sbeenrainingnon-stopforweeksonend.
2.“Whetheryoulikeitornot,youaregoingtoschooltomorrow,”saidTracytoherdaughterwho,asusual,wantedyetanotherdayoffschooltolazearoundthehouse.
3.Idon’tknowwhethertophonehimornot.
Grammartestone
Indefinitepronouns
Fillthegapswiththecorrectanswers.
1.________rangthedoorbellthismorningbutwhenIopenedthedoortherewas________there.
a)nobody/somebodyb)somebody/nobodyc)anybody/somebody
2.Isearched________formykeystodaybuttheywere________tobeseen.
a)somewhere/anywhereb)anywhere/notc)everywhere/nowhere
3.A:“Didyoumeet________interestingatthepartylastnight?”
B:“YesIdidasamatteroffact.Imet________wholivednextdoortomewhenIwasachild.”
a)someone/anyoneb)anyone/no-onec)anyone/someone
4.Would________likeapieceofcake?
a)anyoneb)someone
5.“Does________knowhowtospell‘Mississippi’?”
saidtheEnglishteachertothechildren.Therewassilenceintheclass.________replied.
a)somebody/anybodyb)somebody/nobodyc)anybody/nobody
6.“Wouldyouliketogotothebeachorthemountains?”
“________youwant.Oroneortheother.Ilikethemboth.”
a)somewhereb)anywherec)nowhere
7.There’s________wrongwithmymobilephone.It’sbeenactingstrangely.Perhapsithasreachedtheendofitsnaturallife.
a)somethingb)anythingc)nothing
8.Letmetakealookatyourphone.Ican’tfind________wrongwithit.Switchitoffandthenswitchitbackonagainanditshouldgobacktonormal.
a)somethingb)anythingc)nothing
9.I’veswitcheditoffandbackonagainandit’sgonebacktonormal.Youwereright.Therewas________wrongwithitafterall.Ihadn’tswitcheditoffinoverthreeweekssothatwouldhavebeenwhyitwasactingsostrangely.
a)somethingb)anythingc)nothing
10.IhopeIcanfind________whowillaccompanyme
10.IhopeIcanfind________whowillaccompanymetotheairporttopickupmyparents.Mycarisn’tworking.
a)anyoneb)someonec)no-one
Grammartestone-answers
1.SomebodyrangthedoorbellthismorningbutwhenIopenedthedoortherewasnobodythere.
2.Isearchedeverywhereformykeystodaybuttheywerenowheretobeseen.
3.A:“Didyoumeetanyoneinterestingatthepartylastnight?”
B:“YesIdidasamatteroffact.ImetsomeonewholivednextdoortomewhenIwasachild.”
4.Wouldanyonelikeapieceofcake?
5.“Doesanybodyknowhowtospell‘Mississippi’?”saidtheEnglishteachertothechildren.Therewassilenceintheclass.Nobodyreplied.
6.“Wouldyouliketogotothebeachorthemountains?”
“Anywhereyouwant.Oroneortheother.Ilikethemboth.”
7.There’ssomethingwrongwithmymobilephone.It’sbeenactingstrangely.Perhapsithasreachedtheendofitsnaturallife.
8.Letmetakealookatyourphone.Ican’tfindanythingwrongwithit.Switchitoffandthenswitchitbackonagainanditshouldgobacktonormal.
9.I’veswitcheditoffandbackonagainandit’sgonebacktonormal.Youwereright.Therewassomethingwrongwithitafterall.Ihadn’tswitcheditoffinoverthreeweekssothatwouldhavebeenwhyitwasactingsostrangely.
10.IhopeIcanfindsomeonewhowillaccompanymetotheairporttopickupmyparents.Mycarisn’tworking.
Note
Thefollowingindefinitepronounsaretreatedassingularsubjectsthereforetakesingularverbs.
Anyone,anybody,anything
Everyone,everybody,everything
Someone,somebody,something
Noone,nobody,nothing
Each,eitherandneither
Grammartesttwo
Singularorplural
Fillthegapsbelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.Everybodyinourbuilding________acar;however,nobody________amotorbike.
a)has/hasb)have/havec)have/has
2.________agaragethough.
a)everybodydoesn’thaveb)noteverybodyhasc)noteverybodyhave
3.Eachofthem________awardedamedalfortheirfootballskills.
a)wasb)werec)havebeen
4.Nobody________theanswer.
a)knowb)knows
5.Atthebusstop:“WhatbuscanIgettothecitycentre?”“Allofthem________tothecentre.”
a)goesb)go
6.Twentydollars______allitcost.
a)wereb)was
Someonenow________inthatoldfarmhouse.
Someonenow________inthatoldfarmhouse.
a)liveb)lives
7.________tenthousandprotestersareexpectedattonight'spresidentialdebate.
a)asmanyasb)asmuchas
8.How________doyouearnperannuminyournewjob?
a)manyb)muchc)often
9.Theparcelhasn’tarrivedyet.Threeweeks________alongtimeforaparceltoarrive.Ihopeithasn’tgonemissingorbeenstolen.
a)isb)arec)havebeen
10.Theboardofdirectors________currentlystandingforreelection.
a)isb)are
Grammartesttwoanswers
1.Everybodyinourbuildinghasacar;however,nobodyhasamotorbike.
2.Noteverybodyhasagaragethough.
3.Eachofthemwasawardedamedalfortheirfootballskills.
4.Nobodyknowstheanswer.
5.Atthebusstop:“WhatbuscanIgettothecitycentre?”“Allofthemgotothecentre.”
6.Twentydollarswasallitcost.(Seenasaunitandnotasindividualdollars)
Someonenowlivesinthatoldfarmhouse.
7.Asmanyastenthousandprotestersareexpectedattonight'spresidentialdebate.(‘Protesters’ispluralandcountabletherefore–as‘many’as’iscorrect.
8.Howmuchdoyouearnperannuminyournewjob?(Earn,refersto‘money’andthisnounisuncountable)
9.Theparcelhasn’tarrivedyet.Threeweeksisalongtimeforaparceltoarrive.Ihopeithasn’tgonemissingorbeenstolen.(Seenasathree-weekunitandnotindividualweeks)
10.Theboardofdirectorsiscurrentlystandingforre-election.(Referstotheboard)
Grammartestthree
Collocationsone
Fillthegapsbelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.TheBritishappear________morewinethaneverbefore
a)thataredrinkingb)todrinkc)tobedrinking
2.Shewasdelighted________theinvitationtoourwedding.
a)acceptingb)toacceptedc)toaccept
3.Thevillaindenied________anythingtodowiththerobbery.
a)tohaveb)havingc)hehas
4.However,heconfessedto________thecar.
a)stealb)stealingc)hestole
5.Itisforbidden________photographsinthemuseum.
a)takingb)takec)totake
6.Ithurts________howbadlyhetreatedme.
a)torememberb)rememberingc)remember
7.Imagine________thelottery.Itwouldbefantastic.Icanonlydream.
canonlydream.
a)towinb)winningc)win
8.Theyinvitedus________onholidaywiththem.
a)gob)togoc)going
9.Mynewmanagerialpositioninthecompanyinvolves________extremelydifficultdecisions.
a)takeb)totakec)taking
10.Hemanaged________theassignmentjustintime.
a)tofinishb)finishc)finishing
Grammartestthree-answers
1.TheBritishappeartobedrinkingmorewinethaneverbefore
Progressive–TheBritisharedrinkingmorewinethanever=apresentongoingfact
TheBritishappeartobedrinking=itseemstheyaredrinkingmorewinethanever.
2.Shewasdelightedtoaccepttheinvitationtoourwedding.(Mostadjectivesarefollowedbytheinfinitive)
3.Thevillaindeniedhavinganythingtodowiththerobbery.
4.However,heconfessedtostealingthecar.
5.Itisforbiddentotakephotographsinthemuseum.
6.Ithurtstorememberhowbadlyhetreatedme.
7.Imaginewinningthelottery.Itwouldbefantastic.Icanonlydream.
8.Theyinvitedustogoonholidaywiththem.
9.Mynewmanagerialpositioninthecompanyinvolvestakingextremelydifficultdecisions.
10.Hemanagedtofinishtheassignmentjustintime.
Note
Innumbersthreeandfour,wecaneitherusethegerundortheperfectiveformwiththeverbs‘deny’and‘confess’.Theperfectiveformalwaysindicatescompletion,whereas,thegerund,dependingoncontextandspecificverbs,canmeancompletionbutattimesstillongoinginthepresent.
Hedeniedhavinganythingtodowiththerobbery.Hereit’sclearthattherobberyhappenedinthepast.
Hedeniedhavinghadanythingtodowiththerobbery.Therobberyhappenedinthepast.Bothversionsarepossible.Itusuallydependsonastylisticchoice.
Heconfessedtostealingthecar.Inthepasthestolethecar.It’sclear.
Heconfessedtohavingstolenthecar.Inthepast.It’sclear.
Examplesof‘deny+gerund’and‘confess+gerund’whensomethingisnotinthepastbutongoingnow.
thepastbutongoingnow.
Hedeniedbeingmywife’slover.Nowheismywife’slover.
Heconfessedtobeingmywife’slover.Nowheismywife’slover.
Perfectiveaspect
Hedeniedhavingbeenmywife’slover.Completion.Heisnotmywife’sloveranymore.
Heconfessedtohavingbeenmywife’slover.Completion.Heisnotmywife’sloveranymore.
Grammartestfour
Verbcollocationstwo
Fillthegapsbelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.Wouldyoumind________meyourpenforasecond?
a)tolendb)lendc)lending
2.Hedoesn’tmind________us.Infacthesayshewillgladlydoso.
a)tohelpb)helpingc)help
3.Thepoliceorderedtherobbers________theirhandsintheair.
a)putb)puttingc)toput
4.Thechildrenpretended________asleep.Theyarealwaysplayingsillylittlegamesonme.
a)tobeb)beingc)be
5.Herefused________myadvice.
a)tolistenb)listenc)tolistento
6.Ijustcouldn’tresist________thatnewcar.
a)tobuyb)buyingc)tobuy
7.TodayIspentsomuchtime________theshopsfora
birthdaypresentformymother.
a)tosearchb)searchingc)search
8.Theysuggested________re-sittheexam.
a)tomeb)Ic)me
9.Theburglarthreatened________meifIdidn’tshowhimwheremyjewellerywashidden.
a)killingb)tokillc)kill
10.Thebosswishes________toyouinhisoffice.
a)tospeakb)speakingc)speak
Grammartestfour-answers
1.Wouldyoumindlendingmeyourpenforasecond?
2.Hedoesn’tmindhelpingus.Infacthesayshewillgladlydoso.
3.Thepoliceorderedtherobberstoputtheirhandsintheair.
4.Thechildrenpretendedtobeasleep.Theyarealwaysplayingsillylittlegamesonme.
5.Herefusedtolistentomyadvice.
6.Ijustcouldn’tresistbuyingthatnewcar.
7.TodayIspentsomuchtimesearchingtheshopsforabirthdaypresentformymother.
8.TheysuggestedIre-sittheexam.
9.TheburglarthreatenedtokillmeifIdidn’tshowhimwheremyjewellerywashidden.
10.Thebosswishestospeaktoyouinhisoffice.
Note
Theverb‘suggest’isfollowedbythegerundformoftheverbwhenwedonotfocusontheperson/sreceivingthesuggestion.Ifwementionthereceiverofthesuggestion,weneedtousethebareinfinitivewithouttheto
Thereisnodifferenceinmeaninginthefollowingexamples.
1.HesuggestedIgototheconcert.
2.HesuggestedIwenttotheconcert.
3.HesuggestedthatIgototheconcert(that)isoptional
4.Hesuggestedgoingtotheconcert.
Grammartestfive
Verbcollocationsthree
Completethegapsbelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.Themotherwarnedheryoungson________nearthehotstove.
a)togob)todon’tgoc)nottogo
2.Shealwaysgoestothemarket________freshfish.
a)forbuyingb)tobuyc)fortobuy
3.Everybodystopped________whenthedirectorenteredtheroom.
a)talkingb)totalkc)talk
4.Weregret________youthatyourapplicationforthejobhasbeenturneddown.
a)informingb)informc)toinform
5.Isorelyregret_____tobeadoctor.
a)Ididn’tstudyb)nottohavestudiedc)nothavingstudied
6.“Iremember________thatmansomewherebeforebutIcan’tforthelifeofmerememberwhereorwhen.Maybeitwillcomebacktome.”“Yes,you’reright.He
doeslookfamiliaralsotome.”
a)toseeb)seeingc)Isaw
7.“Didyouremember________themeatoutofthefreezerthismorning?”“Ohno!Icompletelyforgot.There’snothingfordinner.Let’sphonetheChinesetakeaway.”
a)takingb)totakec)youtook
8.Youaren’tallowed________photosinthemuseum
a)takingb)totakec)fortaked)totaking
9.Wehope________enoughmoneybythetimeChristmascomes.
a)tohavesavedb)savingc)ofhavesaved
10.Wehope________anewcarsoon.Thisonehasseenbetterdays.
a)buyb)tobuyc)buying
Grammartestfive-answers
1.Themotherwarnedheryoungsonnottogonearthehotstove.
2.Shealwaysgoestothemarkettobuyfreshfish.
3.Everybodystoppedtalkingwhenthedirectorenteredtheroom.
4.Weregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationforthejobhasbeenturneddown.
5.Isorelyregretnothavingstudiedtobeadoctor.
6.“IrememberseeingthatmansomewherebeforebutIcan’tforthelifeofmerememberwhereorwhen.Maybeitwillcomebacktome.”“Yes,you’reright.Hedoeslookfamiliaralsotome.”
7.“Didyouremembertotakethemeatoutofthefreezerthismorning?”“Ohno!Icompletelyforgot.There’snothingfordinner.Let’sphonetheChinesetakeaway.”
8.Youaren’tallowedtotakephotosinthemuseum
9.WehopetohavesavedenoughmoneybythetimeChristmascomes.
10.Wehopetobuyanewcarsoon.Thisonehasseenbetterdays.
Note
Stoptalking=nottalkinganymore
Stoptotalk=stopforamomenttotalk
Regret+infinitive=aformalway,mainlyinformalwrittencorrespondence,tosay‘sorry’.
Regretcanbeusedwiththegerundortheperfectiveaspect.
Regretnotstudying/regretnothavingstudied.However,youneedtobecareful,assometimes‘regret+gerund’doesnotalwaysmeaninthepast.Itdependsonwhichverbyouuseandalsowhichcontext.E.g.Iregretnotwearingmynewdress,couldmeannow,thatisifyouarriveatameetingwithyouroldjeansonandeveryoneelseisdressedinsmartclothes,oritcanmeaninthepast,againdependingoncontext.E.g.Iregretnotwearingmynewdresstothemeetingyesterday.Withtheperfectiveaspect,italwaysmeans‘completion’,inthepast.
Innumbernine,‘hope+perfectiveaspect’=acompletedactionatafuturetime.
time.
Rememberseeing,‘remember+gerund’=Irecallinmymindsomethingthathappenedinthepast.
Remembertosee,remember+infinitive’=don’tforget(inthefuture)todosomething.
Grammartestsix
Collocationsfour
Fillthegapsineachsentencebelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.Ihate________youbutI’velostthatbookyoulentme.
a)totellb)oftellc)tell
2.Ireallyhate________upearlyinthemorning.Iamdefinitelynotamorningperson.
a)gettingb)togetc)get
3.Ican’tstand________anythingtodo.Iliketokeepmyselfbusy.
a)tonothaveb)nothavingc)todon’thave
4.Wehaven’tgotenoughtime________thedeadline.
a)fortomeetb)tomeetc)formeet
5.Hewaskeen________thecollegecourse.
a)tostartb)startingc)onstart
6.Iamverykeen________.Ispendmostofmytimeatthelocalswimmingbaths.
a)toswimb)onswimmingc)swimming
7.Saraarrivedlateattheconcertandmissed________thegroupsingherfavouritesong
a)hearb)tohearc)hearing
8.SinceImovedtothecityIreallymiss________forlongwalksalongthecountrylanes.
a)goingb)togoc)go
9.We’llphoneBillwhenwefinish________ourdinner.
a)toeatb)eatingc)eat
10.Weareplanning________toNewYorkforChristmas.
a)gob)togoc)going
Grammartestsix-answers
1.IhatetotellyoubutI’velostthatbookyoulentme.
2.Ireallyhategettingupearlyinthemorning.Iamdefinitelynotamorningperson.
3.Ican’tstandnothavinganythingtodo.Iliketokeepmyselfbusy.
4.Wehaven’tgotenoughtimetomeetthedeadline.
5.Hewaskeentostartthecollegecourse.
6.Iamverykeenonswimming.Ispendmostofmytimeatthelocalswimmingbaths.
7.Saraarrivedlateattheconcertandmissedhearingthegroupsingherfavouritesong.
8.SinceImovedtothecityIreallymissgoingforlongwalksalongthecountrylanes.
9.We’llphoneBillwhenwefinisheatingourdinner.
10.WeareplanningtogotoNewYorkforChristmas.
Note
Hate+infinitive=ononeoccasiononly
Hate+gerund=always
Innumberfour,‘time’isanounandusuallynounsarefollowedbytheinfinitiveoftheverb
Keen+infinitive=eager
Keenon+gerund,theprepositionforcesthegerund.‘Tobekeenondoingsomething’=tolikeverymuch.
Miss+gerundinnumberseven,=arrivetoolateforsomething
Miss+gerundinnumbereight=havenostalgiaforsomethingorsomeone
Innumbertenwecansay,‘plantogo’orplanongoing’,asalways,theprepositionforcesthegerund.
Grammartestseven
Verbcollocationsfive
Fillthegapsineachsentencebelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.Hedidn’tintend________youcry.He’sagoodperson.
a)tomakeb)makingc)make
2.Hepostponed________toLondonbecausehehadtoomuchworktofinish.
a)togob)goingc)togo
3.Whydosomeoftheworld’srichestpeoplenotretire?________toworkprovidesstructureandmeaningintheirlives.
a)tocontinueb)continuingc)continue
4.Thereisnotmuchtheycandothat________peoplefromabusingthesystem.
a)tostopb)tostopc)willstop
5.Thereisnotmuchtheycando________peoplefromabusingthesystem.
a)tostopb)thatstopsc)willstop
6.Hetriedtopreventme________outwithmyfriends.
6.Hetriedtopreventme________outwithmyfriends.Hisjealousyhasnolimits.
a)togob)goingc)fromgoing
7.Ivolunteered________myfathercleanthegarage.
a)helpb)tohelpc)inhelping
8.________yournewcomputer,firstremoveitsprotectivewrapping.
a)settingupb)tosetupc)setdownd)tosetdown
9.Ireallydread________toworktomorrowafterthatbigargumentIhadwithmyboss.
a)togob)goingc)go
10.Heseems________alotlately.Ihopeheisn’till.
a)tobesleepingb)tosleepc)oftosleep
Grammartestseven-answers
1.Hedidn’tintendtomakeyoucry.He’sagoodperson.
2.HepostponedgoingtoLondonbecausehehadtoomuchworktofinish.
3.Whydosomeoftheworld’srichestpeoplenotretire?Continuingtoworkprovidesstructureandmeaningintheirlives.
4.Thereisnotmuchtheycandothatwillstoppeoplefromabusingthesystem.
5.Thereisnotmuchtheycandotostoppeoplefromabusingthesystem.
6.Hetriedtopreventmefromgoingoutwithmyfriends.Hisjealousyhasnolimits.
7.Ivolunteeredtohelpmyfathercleanthegarage.
8.Tosetupyournewcomputer,firstremoveitsprotectivewrapping.
9.IreallydreadgoingtoworktomorrowafterthatbigargumentIhadwithmyboss.
10.Heseemstobesleepingalotlately.Ihopeheisn’till.
Innumberten,theprogressiveformisused.Heissleepingalotlately=afact.Heseemstobesleepingalotlately,=wehavethisimpression.
Grammartesteight
Collocationssix
Fillthegapsineachsentencebelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.There’snopoint________Johntocomewithus.Healwayssaysno.
a)toaskb)inaskingc)toasking
2.Hewasafool________acceptthejob.Itcamewithsomanybenefitsincludingacompanycar.
a)nottob)tonotc)todon’td)ofnot
3.It’sawasteoftime________him________comehomesolate.Heneverlistens.
a)tell/tonotb)totell/todon’tc)telling/notto
4.It’snouse________Sally.Sheneveranswersthephone.
a)tophoneb)phoningc)phone
5.Wehavenointention________tohimafterwhathedid.
a)tospeakb)ofspeakingc)fortospeak
6.It’stimeyou________.
a)gob)togoc)wentd)going
7.It’stime________
a)togob)wegoc)going
8.BørgeOuslandfromNorway,wasthefirstperson________soloandunsupportedtotheNorthPolein1994.
a)towalkb)walkedc)walking
9.Myneighbourisverylucky________somuchmoney.
a)tohavebeenwonb)tohavewonc)havingwon
10.Hecomplainsallthetimeabouthisjobwithoutrealisingjusthowveryluckyheis________one.
a)havingb)tohavec)tobehaving
Grammartesteight-answers
1.There’snopointinaskingJohntocomewithus.Healwayssaysno.
2.Hewasafoolnottoacceptthejob.Itcamewithsomanybenefitsincludingacompanycar.
3.It’sawasteoftimetellinghimnottocomehomesolate.Heneverlistens.
4.It’snousephoningSally.Sheneveranswersthephone.
5.Wehavenointentionofspeakingtohimafterwhathedid.
6.It’stimeyouwent.time+pasttenseofverb/time+subject+infinitiveofverb
7.It’stimetogo.
8.BørgeOuslandfromNorway,wasthefirstpersontowalksoloandunsupportedtotheNorthPolein1994.
9.Myneighbourisveryluckytohavewonsomuchmoney.
10.Hecomplainsallthetimeabouthisjobwithoutrealisingjusthowveryluckyheistohaveone.
Note
Innumbersix,‘time+pasttense’denotesacertainurgency.Emphasisisputonthesubject,inthiscase,‘you’.
Innumberseven,‘time+infinitive’isacasualreminderwithnourgencyinthevoiceofthespeaker.
Innumbereight,usenoun+infinitive.
Innumbernine,theperfectiveaspectimpliesacompletedaction.
Grammartestnine
Collocationsseven
Fillthegapsineachsentencebelowwiththecorrectanswers.
1.Thethought________foranotherthirtyyearsmakesmefeelsodepressed.
a)toworkb)ofworkc)ofworking
2.Beforetakingyourdrivingtest,itisimportant________.
a)practisingb)thatyouwillhavepractisedc)tohavepractised
3.Iamveryexcited________thisopportunity________withyourcompany.
a)for/toworkb)about/toworkc)with/ofwork
4.Iwish________anotherlanguagethenIwouldhavemorejobopportunities.
a)tospeakb)Icouldspeakc)wouldspeak
5.Wehadabsolutelynoideahowtousetheprogramuntilthetechnician________
a)explainedusitb)explainedtousitc)explaineditto
us
6.Hetreatsme________ababy.
a)asifIwereb)likeIwasc)as
7.He________belate.Thatistypicalofhim.He’snevereverarrivedontime.
a)isboundb)isboundtoc)boundto(wearecertainofthis)
8.It’sverycoldoutside.I________ratherwe________outtonight.Let’sjuststayathome.
a)had/didn’tgob)would/notgoc)would/didn’tgod)had/wenotgo
9.It’stime________.Thelastbusisintenminutes’time.
a)weleaveb)weleftc)wegod)weshouldgo
Thepasttensegivestheideaofsomethingmoreurgent
10.“Let’smeetforacoffee.”“When?”“________youlike.”
a)sometimeb)anytimec)anytime
________thatifyou
Grammartestnine-answers
1.Thethoughtofworkingforanotherthirtyyearsmakesmefeelsodepressed.
2.Beforetakingyourdrivingtest,itisimportanttohavepractised.
3.Iamveryexcitedaboutthisopportunitytoworkwithyourcompany.
4.IwishIcouldspeakanotherlanguagethenIwouldhavemorejobopportunities.
5.Wehadabsolutelynoideahowtousetheprogramuntilthetechnicianexplainedittous.
6.HetreatsmeasifIwereababy.
7.Heisboundtobelate.Thatistypicalofhim.He’snevereverarrivedontime.
8.It’sverycoldoutside.Iwouldratherwedidn’tgoouttonight.Let’sjuststayathome.
9.It’stimeweleft.Thelastbusisintenminutes’time.
10.“Let’smeetforacoffee.”“When?”“Anytimeyoulike.”
Note
Innumbertwo,theperfectiveaspectdenotescompletion.
Compare:It’simportanttopractise,anongoingaction/fact.It’simportanttohavepracticed,acompletedaction.
Innumberfour,wish+pasttense,isusedforapresentwish.Wish+pastperfect,isusedforapastwish.
Innumberseven,theuseof‘tobeboundto+bareinfinitive’=todeducethisasacertainty,possiblybecauseheisalwayslate/tohavestrongreasontobelievesomethingwillhappen.
Again,asseenpreviously,theuseof‘time+subject+pasttense’,givestheideaofurgency.
Grammartestten
Collocationseight
Fillthegapsineachofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthefollowing.
a)howeverb)wheneverc)whateverd)wherevere)whicheverf)whatsoever
1.“Thedoorbellisringing.Ifit’sforme,tell______itis,I’mout.I’mnotinthemoodtotalktoanyone.”
2.________Ifeelsad,Ialwaysputonmyfavouritemusic.Itcheersmeup.
3.________Igo,IalwaysseemtomeetMartin.I’msurehe’sstalkingme.
4.________youdo,don’ttelldadIborrowedhiscarorhe’llkillme.
5.________muchItry,Ican’tseemtoloseanyweight________.
6.HegetshoundedbyPaparazzi________hegoes.
7.Whatdaydoyouwanttomeetnextweek?”________.Idon’tmind.I’mfreeeveryday.
8.“Noyoucan’thavebothcakes,”saidmother.“Take________oneyoupreferandleavetheotheroneforyourbrother.”
brother.”
9.“Ifyouaregoingtobelateforanyreason________,phonemeandletmeknow,”saidBelinda’smother.
10.________badheis,heisstillmysonandIwillalwayslovehim.
Grammartestten-answers
1.“Thedoorbellisringing.Ifit’sforme,tellwhoeveritis,I’mout.I’mnotinthemoodtotalktoanyone.”
2.WheneverIfeelsad,Ialwaysputonmyfavouritemusic.Itcheersmeup.
3.WhereverIgo,IalwaysseemtomeetMartin.I’msurehe’sstalkingme.
4.Whateveryoudo,don’ttelldadIborrowedhiscarorhe’llkillme.
5.HowevermuchItry,Ican’tseemtoloseanyweightwhatsoever.
6.HegetshoundedbyPaparazziwhereverhegoes.
7.Whatdaydoyouwanttomeetnextweek?”Whenever.Idon’tmind.I’mfreeeveryday.
8.“Noyoucan’thavebothcakes,”saidmother.“Takewhicheveroneyoupreferandleavetheotheroneforyourbrother.”
9.“Ifyouaregoingtobelateforanyreasonwhatsoever,phonemeandletmeknow,”saidBelinda’smother.
10.Howeverbadheis,heisstillmysonandIwillalwayslovehim.
Grammartesteleven
Modalauxiliaryverbssemimodals
Gooverthegrammarrulesbelowbeforedoingtheexercisethatfollows
Use‘should+bareinfinitiveoftheverb’whengivingadviceormakingsuggestionsaboutthepresentorthefuture
Example–thepresent
PersonA:“I’vegotaterribleheadache.”
PersonB:“Youshouldtakeanaspirin.”
Example–thefuture
PersonA:“I’vegotajobinterviewnextweek.”
PersonB:“Youshoulddresssmartlyandarrivepunctual.”
Use‘shouldn’t/shouldnot’+bareinfinitiveoftheverbwhenadvisingagainstdoingsomething.
Example:Youshouldn’tlistentoMandy’sadvice.She’sgotnoknowledgeonthesubject.
Whengivingadviceormakingasuggestionaboutthepastweuse‘shouldhave+pastparticiple’.
PersonA:“Ihadaterribleheadachelastnight.Icouldn’t
PersonA:“Ihadaterribleheadachelastnight.Icouldn’tsleepallnight.”
PersonB:“Youshouldhavetakenanaspirin.”
Wealsouse‘should+bareinfinitive’whenexpressinglikelihood–whatisexpected-aboutthepresentorthefuture.
Example:-present
PersonA:“Alexshouldbeintheofficebynow.It’snineo’clockandthat’swhattimehestartswork.”
PersonB:“OkaythenI’llphonetheofficenow.He’slefthisbriefcaseathomeandit’sfullofimportantdocuments.”
Example:future
PersonA:“Thebusshouldbehereinabouttenminutes.”
PersonB:“Iknow.Ilookedonmymobilephoneapp.It’sbeenheldupduetoanaccident.”
Anotherexample:
PersonA:“Youshouldgetthejob.You’vegotalltherightqualifications.”
PersonB:“YesIknowbutIdon’thaveanyexperience.Here’shoping.”
Pasttense
Pasttense
PersonA:“Thebusislate.Itshouldhavebeenheretenminutesago.”(Thiswasexpected)
PersonB:“There’sprobablybeenanaccident.”
Shouldbe+gerund
Use‘shouldbe+gerund’whenthesubjectisexpected,usuallyasanobligation,tobedoingsomethingnow.
Mothertoson:“WhatareyoudoingwatchingTV?Youshouldbestudyingforyourexam.”
Usesofmust+bareinfinitive
Obligationfromthespeaker:
Examples:ImustremembertopostthisletterwhenI’mout.
“Youmuststopthisbadbehaviour,”saidMrsRankintoherson.
Deduction,whenyoupresumesomethingtobethecase
ItmustbeveryhotinRome,”
Tounderlinestrongnecessity
Dogsmustbewalkedatleasttwiceaday.
Strongrecommendation
Thenegativemustn’t=atallcosts,don’tdosomething.It
Thenegativemustn’t=atallcosts,don’tdosomething.Itisforbidden
Noticeinthepark:Youmustn’ttreadontheflowerbeds.
‘Must’,whenusedforobligationandnotdeduction,hasthesamepasttenseas’haveto’,thatis,‘hadto’.
‘Must’isusedtoexpressobligationfromthespeaker,while‘haveto’expressesexternalobligation.
‘Haveto’comesundertheumbrellaof‘semi-modals’
Fillthegapsinthefollowingexercisewith‘haveto/don’thavemust/mustn’tshould/shouldn’t
1.Drivingat30milesperhourinthecityiscompulsory.
You____________driveat30milesanhourinthecity.
2.It’snotagoodideatolieonthebeachwithoutapplyingsunscreen.
You____________lieonthebeachwithoutapplyingsunscreen.
3.Inmylineofworkit’snecessarytobekindtotheclients.
You___________bekindtotheclientsinmylineofwork.
4.WecanwearwhatwewanttoworkonFridays.It’snotnecessarytodressinformalclothes.
We__________wearformalclothestotheofficeonFridays.
5.“Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.It’sbadmannerstodoso.”saidSandratoheryoungchild.“Ifyouwanttosaysomethingthenwaituntilyou’veswallowedyourfood.”
6.“You___________talkwithyourmouthfull,”saidSandratoheryoungchild.“It’sbadmannerstodoso.”
7.“I’msotiredallthetime.”“You__________gotobedearlierinsteadofwatchingvideosuntilallhoursinthemorning.”
8.I__________remembertoturnoffthegasbeforeIgoout.I’malwaysleavingiton.
9.I__________doalotofovertimethisweeksoIwill__________stayintheofficeuntillate.We’vegotabackloadofworktofinishbeforenextFriday.
10.We__________gotoschooltomorrow.It’saholiday.
Grammartesteleven-answers
1.Drivingat30milesperhourinthecityiscompulsory.
Youmustdriveat30milesanhourinthecity.
2.It’snotagoodideatolieonthebeachwithoutapplyingsunscreen.
Youshouldn’tlieonthebeachwithoutapplyingsunscreen.
3.Inmylineofworkit’snecessarytobekindtotheclients.
Youhavetobekindtotheclientsinmylineofwork.
4.WecanwearwhatwewanttoworkonFridays.It’snotnecessarytodressinformalclothes.
Wedon’thavetowearformalclothestotheofficeonFridays.
5.“Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.It’sbadmannerstodoso.”saidSandratoheryoungchild.“Ifyouwanttosaysomethingthenwaituntilyou’veswallowedyourfood.”
6.“Youmustn’ttalkwithyourmouthfull,”saidSandratoheryoungchild.“It’sbadmannerstodoso.”
7.“I’msotiredallthetime.”“Youshouldgotobedearlierinsteadofwatchingvideosuntilallhoursinthemorning.”
8.ImustremembertoturnoffthegasbeforeIgoout.I’malwaysleavingiton.
9.IhavetodoalotofovertimethisweeksoIwillhavetostayintheofficeuntillate.We’vegotabackloadofworktofinishbeforenextFriday.
10.Wedon’thavetogotoschooltomorrow.It’saholiday.
Grammartesttwelve
Modalauxiliaryverbs-presentandpastone
Changethefollowingsentencesintothepast.Usetheadverbsoftimeinbrackets.
Example:Icanplaythepiano.(WhenIwassixyearsold)
IcouldplaythepianowhenIwassixyearsold.
Icancomewithyoutotheconcert.(Lastnight)
Icouldhavecomewithyoutotheconcertlastnight.
1.HecanspeakEnglishextremelywell.(Bytheageoffive)
________________________________________________
2.Youcantellthatyouareinaverygoodmood.(Thismorning)
________________________________________________
3.Mumcan’tmovebecauseshe’sbrokenherleg.(Yesterday)
________________________________________________
4.Wecan’tgotoLondon.We’reworking.(Lastweek)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
5.Imustgo.It’slate.(Thismorning)
________________________________________________
6.Who’sthatringingthedoorbell?Itmustbethecourier.Iorderedapairofshoesonline.(Anhourago)
________________________________________________
7.Thatcan’tbeJimdrivingpast.He’sinItaly.(Lastnight)
________________________________________________
8.Thephone’sringing.ItmightbeJanephoning.(Amomentago)
________________________________________________
9.Someone’soutsidecallingyourname.ItmaybeJane.Thedoorbellisn’tworking.(Fiveminutesago)
________________________________________________
10.It’spossiblethatmessageyouaccidentallydeletedwasfromTommy.(Afewminutesago)
________________________________________________
Grammartesttwelve-answers
1.BytheageoffivehecouldspeakEnglishextremelywell.(Pasttenseof‘can’for‘ability’)
2.Youcouldtellthatyouwereinaverygoodmoodthismorning.
3.Mumcouldn’tmovebecauseshehadbrokenherlegthedaybefore.
4.Wecouldn’tgotoLondonlastweek.Wewereworking.(Lastweek)
5.Ihadtogothismorning.Itwaslate.(‘Must’forobligationhasthesamepasttenseas‘haveto’,thatis‘hadto’)
6.Whowasthatringingthedoorbellanhourago?Itmusthavebeenthecourier.Iorderedapairofshoesonline.(‘Must’usedasamodalverbof‘deduction’whichtaketheperfectivewhenplacedinthepasttense/’musthavebeen’implies‘tohavestrongreasontobelievesomething’,similarto‘it’sboundtobe,’asseeninthepreviousexercise)
7.Thatcouldn’thavebeenJimdrivingpastlastnight.He’sinItaly.(‘Can’t’initsmodalauxiliaryofdeductionform,becomes‘couldn’thave+pastparticle,(theperfectiveaspect)whendeducingthatsomethingishighlyunlikely)
8.Thephonewasringingamomentago.ItmighthavebeenJanephoning.(‘Might’usedasamodalauxiliaryofdeduction,becomes‘mighthave+pastparticle’toexpresspastpossibility)
9.Someonewasoutsidecallingyournamefiveminutesago.ItmayhavebeenJane.Thedoorbellisn’tworking.(‘May’usedasamodalauxiliaryofdeduction,becomes‘mayhave+pastparticle’toexpresspastpossibility.It’susedasamoreformalversionof‘might’)
10.Thatmessageyouaccidentallydeletedafewminutesagomight/mayhavebeenfromTommy.Thesameasnumbernine.
Grammartestthirteen
Modalauxiliaryverbs-presentandpasttwo
1.Ireally________togonow.It’sgettinglate.Thelastbusleavesinaboutfifteenminutes.
a)shouldb)oughtc)must
2.Sally’slateagain.She________herehalfanhourago.
a)oughttobeb)shouldhavebeenc)oughthavebeen
3.You________herfacewhenshefoundoutherhusbandhadalreadybeenmarried-notoncebutthreetimes.
a)shouldhaveseenb)oughthaveseenc)oughttoseen
4.“WhydoyouthinkJanedidn’tphonemeyesterday?”“Idon’tknowbutshe________yournumber.”
a)mightforgetb)mighthaveforgottenc)wouldhaveforgot
5.Ididn’tthinkit________yesterdaybutitdid.Theweatherforecastsaidit________sunny.
a)rained/isb)wasraining/willbec)wouldhaverained/wouldbe
6.IreallywishI________Brianwhenhewasdismissed
6.IreallywishI________BrianwhenhewasdismissedfromthehospitalbutunfortunatelyIwasonholidayatthetime.
a)couldhelpedb)wouldhavehelpedc)couldhavehelped
7.Weought________thetelephonebillbynow.It’sthe10thAugustanditwasduetoarriveonthe4th.
a)havereceivedb)receivedc)tohavereceived
8.“You________feedtheanimals,”saidthezookeepertolittleJohnny,whowasofferingthebearapieceofhischocolate.“Didn’tyouseethesign?Itsays,‘pleasedonotfeedtheanimals’.”
a)don’thavetob)youshouldn’tc)mustn’t
9.Icouldn’tgotoworkyesterdaybecauseI________gotothedoctor’s.Ifeltreallyill.
a)shouldhavegoneb)hadtoc)wasmeantto
10.ThedoctortoldmeI________totakethismedicineforsevendays.
a)shouldb)mustb)have
Grammartestthirteen-answers
1.Ireallyoughttogonow.It’sgettinglate.Thelastbusleavesinaboutfifteenminutes.(‘Ought’istheonlyonewhichrequiresthepreposition‘to’afterit)
2.Sally’slateagain.Sheshouldhavebeenherehalfanhourago.(‘Shouldhavebeen’isthepasttenseof‘shouldbe’andinthiscontext,itimpliesexpectation.Itwasexpectedofhertobeherehalfanhourago)
3.Youshouldhaveseenherfacewhenshefoundoutherhusbandhadalreadybeenmarried-notoncebutthreetimes.(Unlikenumber2,‘shouldhave+pastparticiple’intheabovecontext,denotessurpriseorshock,itissimilarto‘Iwishyouhadseenherface)
4.“WhydoyouthinkJanedidn’tphonemeyesterday?”“Idon’tknowbutshemighthaveforgottenyournumber.”(‘mighthave+pastparticiple’means‘itispossiblethatsomethinghappenedinthepast.Inthiscase,itmeans,‘it’spossiblethatsheforgotyournumber)
5.Ididn’tthinkitwouldhaverainedyesterdaybutitdid.Theweatherforecastsaiditwouldbesunny.(Ididn’tthinkitwouldhaverained=Ididn’texpectittorain/’wouldbe’isthepasttenseof‘willbe’)
6.IreallywishIcouldhavehelpedBrianwhenhewasdismissedfromthehospitalbutunfortunatelyIwasonholidayatthetime.(IwishIcouldhavehelped=Iwishithadbeenpossibleformetohelphim)
7.Weoughttohavereceivedthetelephonebillbynow.It’sthe10thAugustanditwasduetoarriveonthe4th.(Weoughttohavereceived=itwasexpectedthatwereceivedthebillbeforenoworupuntilnow)
8.“Youmustn’tfeedtheanimals,”saidthezookeepertolittleJohnny,whowasofferingthebearapieceofhischocolate.“Didn’tyouseethesign?Itsays,‘pleasedonotfeedtheanimals’.”(‘Mustn’t’,inthisexample,impliesstrongobligationnottodosomething,whereas‘don’thaveto’means,‘it’snotnecessarybutyoucanifyouwant’,and‘shouldn’t’meansthat‘itisnotrecommended)
9.Icouldn’tgotoworkyesterdaybecauseIhadtogotothedoctor’s.Ifeltreallyill.(‘Hadto’means,obligation,whereas‘shouldhavegone,’meansIdidn’tgobutitwouldhavebeenagoodideatogo,’and‘wasmeanttogo,’meansitwasexpectedofmetogobutIdidn’tgo)
10.ThedoctortoldmeIhavetotakethismedicineforsevendays.(‘Haveto’isusedforobligation)
Grammartestfourteen
Willfordeductionand/orprediction
Changethefollowingsentencesusingeither‘will’or‘won’t’(inthepastorpresent)andanyothernecessarywordsomittingthewordsinitalics.
Example:ThatisprobablyJohnatthedoor.
Answer:ThatwillbeJohnatthedoor.(Ipresumethistobethecase/Iseeitasbeinghighlyprobable)
1.Heislikelytobeinatrafficjam.
2.Iguessheforgotaboutourappointment.
3.Mum’snotathome.She’smostcertainlyatthedentist’s.
4.Idon’texpecttopassmyexams.Ihaven’thadtimetostudy.
5.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishverywellsohemostcertainlydidn’tunderstandthedirectionsyougavehim.
6.It’shighlyunlikelythatJamesspoketoKarensorudely.Shealwaysexaggerates.
7.Ireallydon’texpecthimtoarriveontime.
8.“Leonardisnotansweringhisphone.”“Isuspecthe
leftitathome.He’salwaysforgettingtotakeitwithhim.”
9.IsawPeter’scaroutside.It’sallsmashedup.Ireckonhecrashedit.Isawhimdrivingattopspeedlastnight.
10.There’ssmokecomingoutofthenext-doorneighbour’skitchenwindow.Inallprobabilityhe’sburnthisdinneragain.
Grammartestfourteen-answers
1.Hewillbeinatrafficjam.
2.He’llhaveforgottenaboutourappointment.
3.Mum’snotathome.She’llbeatthedentist’s.
4.Iwon’tpassmyexams.Ihaven’thadtimetostudy.
5.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishverywellsohewon’thaveunderstoodthedirectionsyougavehim.
6.Jameswon’thavespokentoKarensorudely.Shealwaysexaggerates.
7.Hewon’tarriveontime.
8.“Leonardisnotansweringhisphone.”“He’llhaveleftitathome.He’salwaysforgettingtotakeitwithhim.”
9.IsawPeter’scaroutside.It’sallsmashedup.He’llhavecrashedit.Isawhimdrivingattopspeedlastnight.
10.There’ssmokecomingoutofthenext-doorneighbour’skitchenwindow.He’llhaveburnthisdinneragain.
Note
Thefutureperfectsimple,‘will+have+been’,isusedasa‘presentprediction/assumptionforsomethingalreadycompleted’,innumberstwo,five,six,eight,nineandten.Thistenseisalsousedtoindicatecompletionatafuturetime.E.g.AttheendoftheyearIwillhavesavedenoughmoneytogoonholiday.
Grammartestfifteen
Conditionals
1.Ifyouhadn’ttoldhershewouldnever________.
a)haveknownb)knewc)hadknown
2.Hemight________hisexamifhe________intostudylastnight.
a)havepassed/hadstayedb)havepast/stayedc)passed/hadstayed
3.You’dbetterbringinthewashingincase________whenweareout.
a)itwillrainb)itrainsc)ofitraining
4.Ihaven’tgotajobsoIcan’tgoonholidaythisyear.IfIhadajobI________goonholiday.
a)willb)couldc)may
5.IwishIhadnevergoneoutlastnight.IwastedsomuchmoneythatIcan’taffordtospend.IfI________out,Iwouldn’t________somuchmoney.
a)didn’tgo/havewastedb)hadn’tgone/hadwastedc)hadn’tgone/havewasted
6.IfI________inyourshoes,Iwouldhaveacceptedthe
job.Itwastheopportunityofalifetime.Youwerereallysillytohaveturneditdown.
a)hadbeenb)weretobec)was
7.I________calledyoulastnightifmyphone________.
a)would/wasworkingb)wouldhave/workedc)wouldhave/hadbeenworking.
8.IshouldneverhavespokentoJohnlikethat.Nowhe’snottalkingtomeanymore.
IfI________toJohnlikethat,he________tome.
a)didn’tspeak/stilltalkb)hadn’tspoken/wouldstillbetalkingc)hadn’tspoken/wouldhavetalkedtome.
9.It’sapitywecouldn’tmeetwhenyoucametoLondonbutIwasabroadonbusiness.IfI________abroadonbusiness,we________whenyoucametoLondon.
a)wasn’t/shouldhavemetb)hadn’tbeen/wouldmeetc)hadn’tbeen/couldhavemet
10.Mumissorryshedidn’tanswerthephonebutshewassleepingatthetime.Ifmum________she________thephone.
a)wasn’tsleeping/couldanswerb)hadn’tslept/wouldanswerc)hadn’tbeensleeping/wouldhaveanswered
Grammartestfifteen-answers
1.Ifyouhadn’ttoldhershewouldneverhaveknown.
2.Hemighthavepassedhisexamifhehadstayedintostudylastnight.
3.You’dbetterbringinthewashingincaseitrainswhenweareout.
4.Ihaven’tgotajobsoIcan’tgoonholidaythisyear.IfIhadajobIcouldgoonholiday.
5.IwishIhadnevergoneoutlastnight.IwastedsomuchmoneythatIcan’taffordtospend.IfIhadn’tgoneout,Iwouldn’thavewastedsomuchmoney.
6.IfIhadbeeninyourshoes,Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.Itwastheopportunityofalifetime.Youwerereallysillytohaveturneditdown.
7.Iwouldhavecalledyoulastnightifmyphonehadbeenworking.
8.IshouldneverhavespokentoJohnlikethat.Nowhe’snottalkingtomeanymore.
IfIhadn’tspokentoJohnlikethat,hewouldstillbetalkingtome.
9.It’sapitywecouldn’tmeetwhenyoucametoLondonbutIwasabroadonbusiness.IfIhadn’tbeenabroadonbusiness,wecouldhavemetwhenyoucametoLondon.
10.Mumissorryshedidn’tanswerthephonebutshewassleepingatthetime.Ifmumhadn’tbeensleepingshewouldhaveansweredthephone.
Note
Mostoftheexamplesaboveareinthethirdconditional.If+subject+pastperfect(forthecondition)subject+would+presentperfect(fortheresultofthecondition)
Besides,would+presentperfectfortheresultofthecondition,themodals,might,may,andcouldcanbeusedtoexpressdifferentlevelsofpossibility.‘Would’inthethirdconditionalexpressescertaintywhilemight,may,andcould,expresssimilarlevelsofpossibility.
Numberthree–youhadbetterbringinthewashingincaseitrains,issimilarinstructuretothefirstcondition,withthepresentsimpleontheresultofthecondition.Thisexpressesafuturepossibility.
Numberfourisanexampleofthesecondconditional,thehypotheticalcondition.
Numberfourisanexampleofthesecondconditional,thehypotheticalcondition.If+subject+pastsimple(forthecondition)would/might/may/could+infinitive(fortheresultofthecondition)
Innumberseven,theresultoftheconditionisinthepastperfectcontinuousandnotthepastperfectsimple.Thisisbecausewereferbacktothecontinuoustense,‘myphonewasn’tworking’.
Numbereightisanexampleofthemixedconditional,thatis,whentheconditionisinthepastbuttheresultisinthepresent.Themixedconditionalisascommonlyusedastheotherconditionals.
Grammartestsixteen
Passivestructuresone
1.Vandalssetthehouseonfire.Luckilytheydidn’tdomuchdamagetoit.Thefiremenwereonthesceneinsecondsflat.Luckilynodamage________thehouse.
a)wasdoneb)isdonec)wasdoneto
2.Mostofhisbooks________intodifferentlanguages.
a)weretranslateb)havebeentranslatedc)havetranslated
3.ThefirstFIFAworldcup______inUruguayinJuly1930.
a)wasplayedb)wasbeingplayedc)hasbeenplayed
4.ThebinmenwereemptyingthebinswhenIwentoutthismorning.Thebins______whenIwokeupthismorning.
a)wereemptiedb)isbeingemptiedc)werebeingemptied
5.Themeeting______tolastthewholeafternoon.
a)willbeexpectedb)isexpectedc)expects
6.Don’tgointothelivingroomasit________atthemoment.
moment.
a)isbeingpaintedb)ispaintedc)isbeenpainted
7.A:“Dotheyallowsmokingintheconferenceroom?”
B:“No,smoking________.”
a)doesn’tallowedb)isn’tallowedc)hasn’tbeenallowed
8.We’llneedtofindanotherroute;themainroad________forrepairs.
a)isclosedb)closedc)beclosed
9.InSwitzerlandmorethanonelanguage________.
a)arespokeb)arespokenc)isspoken
A:“Whodoesthecleaninginyourhouse?”
10.B:“It________byacleaningladywhocomesinthreetimesaweek.
a)isbeingdoneb)isdonec)isdid
Grammartestsixteen-answers
1.Vandalssetthehouseonfire.Luckilytheydidn’tdomuchdamagetoit.Thefiremenwereonthesceneinsecondsflat.Luckilynodamagenodamagewasdonethehouse.Pastsimplepassive
2.Mostofhisbookshavebeentranslatedintodifferentlanguages.Presentperfectpassive
3.ThefirstFIFAworldcupwasplayedinUruguayinJuly1930.Pastsimplepassive
4.ThebinmenwereemptyingthebinswhenIwentoutthismorning.ThebinswerebeingemptiedwhenIwokeupthismorning.Pastcontinuouspassive(noneedtoadd‘bythebinmen’asitisunderstoodthatonlythebinmenemptythebinsonthestreet)
5.Themeetingisexpectedtolastthewholeafternoon.Presentsimplepassive(Active–weexpectthemeetingtolastthewholeafternoon)
6.Don’tgointothelivingroomasitisbeingpaintedatthemoment.Presentcontinuouspassive
7.A:“Dotheyallowsmokingintheconferenceroom?”
B:“No,smokingisnotallowed.”Presentsimplepassive
8.We’llneedtofindanotherroute;themainroadisclosedforrepairs.Presentsimplepassive
9.InSwitzerlandmorethanonelanguageisspoken.Presentsimplepassive
A:“Whodoesthecleaninginyourhouse?”
10.B:“Itisdonebyacleaningladywhocomesinthreetimesaweek.Presentsimplepassive
Grammartestseventeen
Passivestructurestwo
1.A:“Whataretheydoingtotheoldchurchinthetownsquare?”
B:“It________.
a)isrenovatedb)isbeingrenovatedc)willrenovate
2.A:Thatviewinthephotographisamazing.Where________?
a)isittookb)wasittakenc)hasitbeentaken
3.Wecanstopthesearchparty.Themissingman________just________.
a)is/foundb)has/beenfoundc)was/found
4.He________afewmomentsagobythemountainrescueteam.
a)hasbeenfoundb)wasbeenfoundc)wasfound
5.Scientistssaythatglobaltemperaturescouldriseby6Cbytheendofthecentury.It________thatglobaltemperaturescouldriseby6Cbytheendofthecentury.
a)saysb)issaidb)issaying
6.Thepolicesawhimdrivingalongthemotorwayattopspeed.He________alongthemotorwayattopspeed.
speed.He________alongthemotorwayattopspeed.
a)wasdrivenb)wasseendrivingc)wasseentodrive
7.Thegatecrashersspoiledtheparty.Theparty________bythegatecrashers.
a)hadspoiledb)wasspoiledc)isspoiled
8.There’snowashingupliquidleft.They’veuseditallup.Allthewashingupliquid________up.
a)wasusedb)hasbeenusedc)isused
9.SomepeopleoncesaidthattheNormanConquestbroughtaboutchangesinallphasesofEnglishlife.TheNormanConquestisthought________aboutchangesinallphasesofEnglishlife.
a)tohavebroughtb)tohavebeenbroughtc)tobring
10.IthinkIhavebeenstungbyabee.
a)amstingedb)havebeenstungc)isbeenstung
Grammartestseventeen-answers
1.A:“Whataretheydoingtotheoldchurchinthetownsquare?”
B:“Itisbeingrenovated.Presentcontinuouspassive
2.A:Thatviewinthephotographisamazing.Wherewasittaken?Pastsimplepassive
3.Wecanstopthesearchparty.Themissingmanhasjustbeenfound.Presentperfectpassive
4.Hewasfoundafewmomentsagobythemountainrescueteam.Pastsimplepassive
5.Scientistssaythatglobaltemperaturescouldriseby6Cbytheendofthecentury.Itissaidthatglobaltemperaturescouldriseby6Cbytheendofthecentury.Presentsimplepassive
6.Thepolicesawhimdrivingalongthemotorwayattopspeed.Hewasseendrivingalongthemotorwayattopspeed.Pastcontinuouspassive
7.Thegatecrashersspoiledtheparty.Thepartywasspoiledbythegatecrashers.Pastsimplepassive
8.There’snowashingupliquidleft.They’veuseditallup.Allthewashingupliquidhasbeenusedup.Presentperfectpassive
9.SomepeopleoncesaidthattheNormanConquestbroughtaboutchangesinallphasesofEnglishlife.TheNormanConquestisthoughttohavebroughtaboutchangesinallphasesofEnglishlife.Withthepasttense/pastparticipleverb‘thought’use‘thoughttobring’forapresentfact/thoughttohavebrought’foranythingoccurringbeforethepresentmoment.
10.IthinkIhavebeenstungbyabee.Presentperfectpassive
Note
Therearenoexamplesofthepresentperfectcontinuous/pastperfectcontinuousorfutureperfectcontinuouspassivesduetothefactthattheydon’texistinthepassivestructure.
Grammartesteighteen
Pasttensesone
1.Itisnotcertainwhyshe________theexam.
a)didfailb)failedc)wasfailed
2.Bythetimethepolicearrived,theburglars________outthewarehouse.
a)clearedb)wereclearingc)hadcleared
3.Thequestion________attheannualmeeting
a)wasrisenb)wasraisedc)wasrose
4.Thechairman________tohisfeetattheendofthemeeting.
a)raisedb)rosec)wasraised
5.Beforetheygotmarried,they________togetherforseveralyears.
a)havelivedb)werelivingc)hadbeenliving
6.Itwasthefirsttimeshe________ever________abroad.
a)was/beenb)had/wentc)had/been
7.Wewaitedandwaitedbutby7o’clocktheystill________.Thatwaswhenwedecidedtogotothetheatre
________.Thatwaswhenwedecidedtogotothetheatrewithoutthem.
a)didn’tarriveb)hadn’tarrivedc)weren’tarrived
8.I________himanemailaboutaweekagobuthestill________ityet.
a)havesent/hasn’tansweredb)wrote/didn’tanswerc)sent/hasn’tanswered
9.Nobody________theburglarasheleftthemansionwiththepricelesspaintings.Hecameandwentinthedarknessofthenight.
a)seenb)saw...c)hadseen
10.Shewascertainshe________himsomewherebefore.Hisfacewassofamiliar.
a)sawb)hadseenc)didn’tsee
Grammartesteighteen-answers
Pasttensesone
1.Itisnotcertainwhyshefailedtheexam.
2.Bythetimethepolicearrived,theburglarshadclearedoutthewarehouse.Pastperfectsimpleindicatingthatsomethingwasalreadycompleted/donepriortoanotherpastaction/occurrence.‘Bythetime’isusedveryoftenwiththepastperfectsimple/continuous.
3.Thequestionwasraisedattheannualmeeting.Pastsimplepassive.Youraiseaquestionandraisedisthepasttenseandalsothepastparticipleoftheregularverb‘raise’.
4.Thechairmanrosetohisfeetattheendofthemeeting.Pastsimple.’Rose’isthepasttenseoftheirregularverb‘rise’.Complicationsoccurwithnonnativesastotheusageof‘rise/rose/risen’and‘raise/raised/raised’.(Rise/rose/risen-intransitiveirregularverb-itdoesn’thaveanobject).Weuse“rise”toindicatemotioninanupwarddirection.“Raise”isatransitiveregularverb.Youneedtouseitwithanobject.Youraise‘something’butyoucannot‘rise’something.Raisemeansto‘elevate/liftup’.
5.Beforetheygotmarried,theyhadbeenlivingtogetherforseveralyears.Pastperfectcontinuousisusedtoindicatesomethinginprogressuptoaspecificmomentinthepast.Normallyusedwithacontrastingpasttensetoshowtimeshifts,i.e.‘beforetheygotmarried.’
6.Itwasthefirsttimeshehadeverbeenabroad.Pastperfectsimpleindicatesanactionoroccurrencethathappenspriortoanotheractionoroccurrence.
7.Wewaitedandwaitedbutby7o’clocktheystillhadn’tarrived.Thatwaswhenwedecidedtogotothetheatrewithoutthem.Thesameasnumbersix.
8.Isenthimanemailaboutaweekagobuthestillhasn’tansweredityet.Pastsimple,finishedpast+presentperfect,connectspasttopresentwhenusedwith‘for’,‘since’orinthenegative‘yet’.
9.Nobodysawtheburglarasheleftthemansionwiththepricelesspaintings.Hecameandwentinthedarknessofthenight.Pastsimple,referringtofinishedpast.
10.Shewascertainshehadseenhimsomewherebefore.Hisfacewassofamiliar.Pastperfectsimple.Shewascertain(inthepast)thatpriortothatmoment,shedidnotseehim.
Grammartestnineteen
Pasttensestwo
1.She________nobodyaboutherboyfriend’scriminalrecord.Shefelttooembarrassed.
a)toldb)tellsc)didn’ttell
2.Yesterdayatthistimeit________fromtheheavens.
a)waspouredb)waspouringc)poured
3.She________athim,wonderingwhereshe________him.
a)looked/metb)waslooking/hadmetc)looked/met
4.A:“Wedidn’tknowLiz________backtoLondon.”
B:“Ohdidn’tyou!She________backaboutamonthago.”
a)moved/hadmovedb)hadmoved/movedc)wasmoving/moved
5.A:“Whodidyourmotherspeaktowhenshephonedthebank?”
B:“I’venoidea________to.”
a)whodidshespeakb)whoshespokec)whoshe’sspoken
6.A:“WhatdidyoudolastSunday?”
B:“Ican’trememberwhat________.Ohnowithascomebacktome.IwenttothelakewithBob.”
a)didIdob)Idonec)Idid
7.Ididn’tknowthatyourbrother________toworkinthestates.Whendidhego?
a)hadgoneb)wasgonec)went
8.IspoketotheMrsJonesyesterdayforthefirsttimeever;beforethat,I________herbysight.
a)haveonlyknownb)onlyknewc)Iwasonlyknowing
9.Thewoman________whentheambulancearrived.Luckilytheymanagedtostabiliseheruntiltheygothertothehospital.Sheisnowsaidtobeinastablecondition.
a)diedb)haddiedc)wasdying
10.Myfatherwascaughtinaterriblestormonhiswayhomefromtheofficelastnight.Atonepointhereallythoughthe________hiswaybutluckilyhemanagedtogetbackontrack.
a)lostb)hadlostc)was
Grammartestnineteen-answers
Pasttensestwo
1.Shetoldnobodyaboutherboyfriend’scriminalrecord.Shefelttooembarrassed.‘Shetoldnobody’isthesameas‘shedidn’ttellanybody’.CommonerrorsoccurwhenstudentsofEnglishsay,‘shedidn’ttellnobody’whichwouldmeanhavetheoppositemeaningastwonegativesmakeapositive.
2.Yesterdayatthistimeitwaspouringfromtheheavens.Pastcontinuoustoindicate‘anactionthatwasinprogressataspecificmomentinthepast.‘Itwaspouringfromtheheavens’means‘itwasrainingveryheavily.
3.Shewaslookingathim,wonderingwhereshehadmethim.Pastcontinuousisusedbecausetheactof‘looking’continuedforaperiod,eveniftheperiodwasonlyforafewmoments,alsotheactof‘wondering’lastforashortperiodoftime.Thepastperfectisusedasitindicatesshemethimpriortothatpastmomentoflookingathim.
4.A:“Wedidn’tknowLizhadmovedbacktoLondon.”Pastperfectisusedbecauseinthatpastmoment,wedidn’tknowthatshemovedbacktoLondonpriortothemomentofnotknowing.
B:“Ohdidn’tyou!Shemovedbackaboutamonthago.”Pastsimpletoindicatetheactionisfinished.
5.A:“Whodidyourmotherspeaktowhenshephonedthebank?”
B:“I’venoideawhoshespoketo.”Pasttenseasit’sunderstoodshephonedthebankinthepast.
6.A:“WhatdidyoudolastSunday?”
B:“Ican’trememberwhatIdid.Ohnowithascomebacktome.IwenttothelakewithBob.”Pastsimpleisusedasitindicatesaspecificfinishedtime,thatis,lastSunday.
7.Ididn’tknowthatyourbrotherhadgonetoworkinthestates.Whendidhego?Pastperfectisusedtoindicatethatpriortothemomentofnotknowing,thebrotherwenttothestates.Pastperfectshowsthatoneactionoccurredpriortoanother.
8.IspoketotheMrsJonesyesterdayforthefirsttimeever;beforethat,Ionly
knewherbysight.Pastsimpleisusedbecauseitwasapastfactandnotanactionthatoccurredpriortoanother,thereforethepastperfectcannotbeusedinthisexample.
9.Thewomanwasdyingwhentheambulancearrived.Luckilytheymanagedtostabiliseheruntiltheygothertothehospital.Sheisnowsaidtobeinastablecondition.Pastcontinuousisusedastheactionofdyingwasinprogressataspecificmomentinthepast,thatis,whentheambulancearrived.
10.Myfatherwascaughtinaterriblestormonhiswayhomefromtheofficelastnight.Atonepointhereallythoughthehadlosthiswaybutluckilyhemanagedtogetbackontrack.Pastperfectisusedtoindicatethatpriortogettingbackontrack(inthepast)hethoughthewaslost.
Grammartesttwenty
Perfectiveaspect
1.Overtheyearswe________hugeadvancesintechnology.
a)hadseenb)sawc)haveseen
2.Don’taskhimwhatItalianfoodtasteslike.He________it.
a)hasn’tnevertriedb)hasnevertriedc)hedidn’ttry
3.You’reneverontime.Thisistheseventhtimeyou________latethismonth
a)wereb)hadbeenc)havebeen
4.I________tocontactyouallafternoon.Where________?
a)havebeentrying/haveyoubeenb)amtrying/wereyouc)havebeentrying/youbeen
5.Whenshefinallyappearedlatelastnight,mum________tocontactherforovertenhours.
a)wastryingb)hadtriedc)hadbeentrying
6.I________himanemailaboutaweekagobuthestill________ityet.
a)havesent/hasn’tansweredb)wrote/didn’tanswerc)sent/hasn’tanswered
7.I________myglasses.________themanywhere?
a)havelost/haveyouseenb)lost/haveyousawc)havebeenlosing/haveyouseen
8.Themanwhowasinjuredintheroadaccident________forhislifesincelastFriday.
a)hasfoughtb)foughtc)hasbeenfighting
9.Whenthedoctorsfinallygavehimtheall-clear,he________forhislifeforalmostamonth.
a)wasfightingb)hehadbeenfightingc)wasbeenfought
10.Policesaythatabreathalyzerrevealedthatthemanwhocausedtheaccident________.He________arrested.
a)wasdrinking/wasb)drank/isc)hadbeendrinking/hasbeen
Grammartesttwenty-answers
1.Overtheyearswehaveseenhugeadvancesintechnology.Presentperfectindicatingfromthepastuntilthepresent.
2.Don’taskhimwhatItalianfoodtasteslike.Hehasnevertriedit.Sameasnumberone
3.You’reneverontime.Thisistheseventhtimeyouhavebeenlatethismonth.Sameasnumberoneandtwo.
4.Ihavebeentryingtocontactyouallafternoon.Wherehaveyoubeen?Presentperfectcontinuous,indicatinganactioninprogressfrompasttopresent+presentperfectsimpleindicatingfrompastuntilnow.
5.Whenshefinallyappearedlatelastnight,mumhadbeentryingtocontactherforovertenhours.Pastperfectcontinuousindicatingthatpriortoherappearing,inthepast,mumcontinuedtotrytomakecontactwithherupuntilthatpastmoment.
6.Isenthimanemailaboutaweekagobuthestillhasn’tansweredityet.Pastsimple,timeindicator‘aweekago’thereforeafinishedpast+thepresentperfectsimpleindicatingfromamomentinthepastuntilnow.
7.Ihavelostmyglasses.Haveyouseenthemanywhere?Twousesofthepresentperfectsimpletoindicate‘anytimeupuntilnow’withoutspecifyingexactlywhen.
8.ThemanwhowasinjuredintheroadaccidenthasbeenfightingforhislifesincelastFriday.Thepresentperfectcontinuousisusedtoindicatethatthe‘fighting’startedinthepastandcontinueduptothepresentandwillpossiblycontinueintothefuture.
9.Whenthedoctorsfinallygavehimtheall-clear,hehadbeenfightingforhislifeforamonth.Thepastperfectcontinuousisusedtoindicatethat‘thefightingforhislife’startedatapastmomentandcontinuedupuntilalaterpastmoment.
10.Policesaythatabreathalyzerrevealedthatthemanwhocausedtheaccidenthadbeendrinking.Hehasbeenarrested.Thepastperfectcontinuousisusedtoindicatethatthe‘drinking’startedinthepastandcontinuedupuntilshortlybeforealaterpastmoment,whilethepresentperfectpassiveisusedinthesecondsentencetoindicatethatthearresthappenedbeforenow,withoutspecifyingexactlywhen.Whenthepastperfectcontinuousisusedwithoutforor
since,itsignifiesanactioninprogressuntilshortlybeforealaterpastoccurrence.Whenusedwithforandsince,itindicatesuntilalaterpastmoment.
Seetimelinesonnextpageforclarification
9.Hehadbeenfightingforhislifeforamonth.
T
10.Thebreathalyserrevealedthatthemanhadbeendrinking.
Grammartesttwentyone
Reportedspeech
1.Iaskedmyneighbours________somuchnoiselateatnight.Icannevergetagoodnight’ssleep.
a)todon’tmakeb)nottomakec)notmaked)notmaking
2.They________themeetingisn’tuntiltomorrow.Wethoughtit________thisafternoon.
a)toldtome/isb)toldme/wasc)saidme/wasd)toldthat/was
3.“Theshopwillbeclosingsoon,”announcedthemanageroverthetannoysystem.Themanagerannouncedthattheshop________soon.
a)willcloseb)wouldclosec)wouldbeclosing
4.“Thecat’sfaceisallcut,”saiddadtomysister.“It’llprobablyhavebeenfightingwiththecatnextdoor,”repliedmysister.Dadtoldmysisterthatthecat’sface________allcut,andsherepliedthatit________withthecatnextdoor.
a)is/willprobablyhavefoughtb)was/hadprobablyfoughtc)was/hadprobablybeenfighting
5.“Doasyouplease,”hesaidtohertheothernightwhenshewasactinglikeaspoiltchild.Hetoldher________.
a)doasshepleasesb)todoasshepleasesc)todoasshepleased
6.“Willyouhelpmeshiftthisheavybox?”askedmybrother.Mybrotheraskedmeif________himshiftthatheavybox.
a)forhelpb)Iwouldhelpc)tohelp
7.“Don’tcheatintheexam,”saidtheteacher.Theteacherwarned________intheexam.
a)thatwedon’tcheat…b)ustonotcheatc)usnottocheat
8.It’sbeginningtogetdark.Imustgo,”saidBill.Billsaidthatit________togetdarkandthatandthathe________go.
a)wasbeginning/hadtob)isbeginning/mustc)wasbeginning/must
9.“Itwillbefreezingtomorrow,”saidtheweathermanonTV.Theweathermansaidit________freezingthenextday.
a)willbeb)wouldbec)isgoingtobe
10.“I’vebeenhereforoveraweekandIstillhaven’tseenBuckinghamPalace,”saidTonywhowasholidaying
seenBuckinghamPalace,”saidTonywhowasholidayinginLondon.Tonysaidhe________foroveraweekandhe________BuckinghamPalace.
a)washere/wasstilltoseeb)hasbeenthere/stillhadn’tseenc)hadbeenthere/stillhadn’tseen
Grammartesttwentyone-answers
1.Iaskedmyneighboursnottomakesomuchnoiselateatnight.Icannevergetagoodnight’ssleep.
2.Theytoldmethemeetingisn’tuntiltomorrow.Wethoughtitwasthisafternoon.
3.“Theshopwillbeclosingsoon,”announcedthemanageroverthetannoysystem.Themanagerannouncedthattheshopwouldbeclosingsoon.
4.“Thecat’sfaceisallcut,”saiddadtomysister.“It’llprobablyhavebeenfightingwiththecatnextdoor,”repliedmysister.Dadtoldmysisterthatthecat’sfacewasallcut,andsherepliedthatithadprobablybeenfightingwiththecatnextdoor.
5.“Doasyouplease,”hesaidtohertheothernightwhenshewasactinglikeaspoiltchild.Hetoldhertodoasshepleased.
6.“Willyouhelpmeshiftthisheavybox?”askedmybrother.MybrotheraskedmeifIwouldhimshiftthatheavybox.
7.“Don’tcheatintheexam,”saidtheteacher.Theteacherwarnedusnottocheatintheexam.
8.8.It’sbeginningtogetdark.Imustgo,”saidBill.Billsaidthatitwasbeginningtogetdarkandthatandthathehadtogo.(Themodalauxiliaryverbsnormallydonotmovebackatenseinreportedspeech,butwhen‘must’isusedforpersonalobligation,ittakesthepasttenseofthesemi-modal,‘haveto’,whichis‘hadto’)
9.“Itwillbefreezingtomorrow,”saidtheweathermanonTV.Theweathermansaiditwouldbefreezingthenextday.‘Will’becomes‘would’inreportedspeech.
10.“I’vebeenhereforoveraweekandIstillhaven’tseenBuckinghamPalace,”saidTonywhowasholidayinginLondon.Tonysaidhehadbeenthereforoveraweekandhestillhadn’tseenBuckinghamPalace.
Grammartesttwentytwo
Futureaspect
1.SheshouldpassherEnglishexamaslongasshe________and________panic.
a)willstaycalm/notb)isstaying/willnotc)stayscalm/doesn’t.
2.Canyousendmeamessageassoonasyou________home?
a)willgetb)aregettingc)willhavegotd)get
3.SorryIcan’tmeetyouonSaturday.I________aparty.It’smy40thbirthday.
a)‘mgoingtohaveb)havec)‘mhavingd)willhave
Innumberfourtherearetwopossibilities
4.Theweatherforecastsaysthatlateronthisafternoonit________.
a)‘ssnowingb)‘sgoingtosnowc)itwillsnowd)willhavesnowed.
5.You________anywhereuntilyourmother________back.
a)won’tgo/willgetb)‘renotgoing/getsc)willgo/is
getting
6.How________totheairport.Don’tworry.I’msuresomeone________alift.
a)willIarrive/willgiveb)amIgoingtoget/willgiveyouc)willIget/isgivingyoud)willIget/willgiveyou
Innumberseventherearethreepossiblechoicesalthoughoneisbetterthantheothersinthegivencontext.
7.I’vejustfoundoutthatI’vewonaholidayfortwointheCaribbean.I________mymum.Shehasn’thadaholidayinyears.
a)‘mtakingb)willtakec)‘mgoingtotaked)willtotake
8.Idon’tknowwhenI________himbutwhenI________I________himyournewmobilenumber.
a)willsee/do/willgiveb)tosee/seehim/givec)see/seehim/willgive
9.Tomorrowbetween4pmand5.30,I________myEnglishexam.
a)willsitb)willbesittingd)willhavesat
10.Nextyearmymother________French.
a)islearningb)isgoingtolearnc)willbelearning
Grammartesttwentytwo-answers
1.SheshouldpassherEnglishexamaslongasshestayscalmanddoesn’tpanic.(After‘aslongas’whichmeans‘onconditionthat/provided’,usethepresentsimple,evenifitisforafuturemeaning)
2.Canyousendmeamessageassoonasyougethome?(After‘assoonas’,usethepresentsimple,evenifitisforafuturemeaning)
3.SorryIcan’tmeetyouonSaturday.Iamhavingaparty.It’smy40thbirthday.(Thepresentcontinuousisthemostnaturalchoiceasitisusedforarrangementsalreadymade.‘Goingtohave’indicatesthatthisiswhatyouhavedecidedtodo,althoughitdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthearrangementshavebeenmade)
4.Theweatherforecastsaysthatlateronthisafternoonitwillsnow/it’sgoingtosnow.(‘Will’and‘goingto’havetheirseparateusesbutoverlapwhenpredicting.Bothcanbeusedalthoughwhenmakingpredictions,‘goingto’carriesmoreweight)
5.Youarenotgoinganywhereuntilyourmothergetsback.
6.HowamIgoingtoget/willIgettotheairport.Don’tworry.I’msuresomeonewillgiveyoualift.
7.I’vejustfoundoutthatI’vewonaholidayfortwointheCaribbean.Iamgoingtotake/amtaking/willtakemymum.Shehasn’thadaholidayinyears.(Thechoiceofwhichofthethreetousealldependsonaspect,although‘I’mgoingtotake’mymumisthebestchoiceseeingthattherewasnoprearrangement,whichisthecasewhenusingthepresentcontinuous’forthefuture,asin,‘I’mtakingmymum.’‘Iwilltakemymum’canalsobeusedasitimpliesthatyoudecidedthereandthen,inthatprecisemoment,totakeyourmum.)
8.Idon’tknowwhenIwillseehimbutwhenIdoIwillgivehimyournewmobilenumber.
9.Tomorrowbetween4pmand5.30,IwillbesittingmyEnglishexam.(Futureprogressiveforsomethingthatwillbeinprogressatafuturemomentorbetweenanytwogiventimesinthefuture)
10.NextyearmymotherisgoingtolearnFrench.(‘Isgoingtolearn,’thisis
whatsheintendstodo.Weusethe‘presentcontinuous’forthenearfutureandnotthedistant,sointhisexampleitcannotbeused)
Grammartesttwentythree
Connectors/conjunctionsone
1.________itwasrainingveryheavily,shestilltookthedogforawalk.Nothingholdsherback.
a)evenifb)eventhoughc)despite
2._______studyingformonths,Istillfailedallmyexams.
a)Despiteb)Neverthelessc)Eventhough
3.Ididn’tstudy________IthinkI’llfailthetest.
a)thereforeb)andc)unlessd)but
4.Manyjobsrequirethatyouhaveauniversitydegree;insomejobs,________,experienceiswhatisrequiredthemost.
a)thereforeb)howeverc)nonethelessd)though
5.________itwasmydayoff,Isleptuntil10am.
a)althoughb)becausec)therefored)eventhough
6.Iamtall,_______mybrotherandsisterarequiteshort.
a)becauseb)inspiteofc)whereas
7.________Janetwasthebestinherclassatmath,she
7.________Janetwasthebestinherclassatmath,shewasawardedaprizeattheendoftheschoolterm.
a)Sinceb)Thoughc)So
8.________historyishisbestsubject,heisalsogoodatgeography.
a)sinceb)whilec)becaused)unless
9.Iwanttobecomeanartist;________Iworkespeciallyhardinmyartclasses.
a)howeverb)whilec)therefore
10.I’llgoshoppingwithyou_______wearebackhomebysixo’clock.
a)asfarasb)soasc)provided
Grammartesttwentythree-answers
1.Eventhoughitwasrainingveryheavily,shestilltookthedogforawalk.Nothingholdsherback.‘Eventhough’=despitethefactthat...
2.Despitestudyingformonths,Istillfailedallmyexams.Use‘despite’+gerund
3.Ididn’tstudythereforeIthinkI’llfailthetest.‘Therefore’=forthisreason
4.Manyjobsrequirethatyouhaveauniversitydegree;insomejobs,however,experienceiswhatisrequiredthemost.
5.Becauseitwasmydayoff,Isleptuntil10am.
6.Iamtall,whereasmybrotherandsisterarequiteshort.‘Whereas’introducesacontrast
7.SinceJanetwasthebestinherclassatmath,shewasawardedaprizeattheendoftheschoolterm.‘Since’=giventhefactthat
8.Whilehistoryishisbestsubject,heisalsogoodatgeography.Similarto‘although’
9.Iwanttobecomeanartist;thereforeIworkespeciallyhardinmyartclasses.‘Therefore’=forthisreason
10.I’llgoshoppingwithyouprovidedwearebackhomebysixo’clock.‘Provided’=ontheconditionthat...
Grammartesttwentyfour
Connectors/conjunctionstwo
1._______hardItry,Istillcan’tseemtoloseanyweight.
a)asmuchasb)althoughc)however
2.Itwasverycold,_______Ikeptmyjacketon.
a)becauseb)therefore)however
3.Ican’tguaranteeI’llbeabletomeetyou,________Iwilltrymybest.
a)butb)soc)because
4.________ourteamlostthematch,itwasstillagreatgame.
a)thereforeb)althoughc)sod)but
5.Poorpeoplefromruralareasaremigratingtothecitiestofindwork
and________thecirclesofslumhousinginmanysuburbsaregrowing
larger.
a)consequentlyb)asc)whereas
6.________Idon’tlikeIndianfood,Ireallyenjoyedthe
6.________Idon’tlikeIndianfood,IreallyenjoyedthePakorawehadatJane’shouselastnight.
a)Inspiteofb)althoughc)however
7.________notstudying,shestillpassedtheexam.
a)althoughb)asc)despite
8.________muchIeat,Ineverputonweight.
a)inspiteofb)howeverc)regardless
9.Imissedthetrainbut________,Istillarrivedontime.
a)consequentlyb)neverthelessc)inspiteof
10.Thecountryofresidenceofanindividualhastherighttotaxincome________thecountryinwhichthetaxarises.‘Irrespectiveof’=regardlessof/despite’
a)despiteb)irrespectiveofc)asaconsequence
Grammartesttwentyfour-answers
1.HoweverhardItry,Istillcan’tseemtoloseanyweight.‘However’usedinthiscontext,=nomatterhowmuch,despitehowmuch,inspiteofhowmuch
2.Itwasverycold,thereforeIkeptmyjacketon.‘Therefore’indicates,‘forthereasonstatedpreviously’
3.Ican’tguaranteeI’llbeabletomeetyou,butIwilltrymybest.
4.Althoughourteamlostthematch,itwasstillagreatgame.Thisisthesameas‘despitethefactthatourteamlostthematch…/eventhoughourteamlostthematch…
5.Poorpeoplefromruralareasaremigratingtothecitiestofindwork
andconsequentlythecirclesofslumhousinginmanysuburbsaregrowing
larger.Thisisthesameas,andasaconsequence/asaresult/becauseofthis
6.AlthoughIdon’tlikeIndianfood,IreallyenjoyedthePakorawehadatJane’shouselastnight.Otherwaystosaythis,InspiteofthefactthatIdon’tlikeIndianfood../eventhoughIdon’tlikeIndianfood/despitenotlikingIndianfood
7.Despitenotstudying,shestillpassedtheexam.Thiscanbeexpressedas,Inspiteofthefactshedidn’tstudy.../althoughshedidn’tstudy.../eventhoughshedidn’tstudy
8.HowevermuchIeat,Ineverputonweight.Thisisthesameas,Inspiteofhowmuch/regardlessofhowmuch/itdoesn’tmatterhowmuch
9.Imissedthetrainbutnevertheless,Istillarrivedontime.‘Nonetheless’canbeusedinthesamewayas‘nevertheless’,andmeans,althoughImissedthetrain,Istillarrivedontime/despitemissingthetrain.../inspiteofmissingthetrain/regardlessofthefactthatImissedthetrain.
10.Thecountryofresidenceofanindividualhastherighttotaxincomeirrespectiveofthecountryinwhichthetaxarises.‘Irrespectiveof’=regardlessof/despite’
Grammartesttwentyfive
Prepositionsone
1.Hehasneverbeenabroadbefore.Heisafraid________flying.
2.Ourneighbourisenvious______ournewcar.Shehasn’tsleptsincewegotit.
3.“Iwentonholidaylastweek?”“Didyoureally?Whodidyougowith?”“Nobody;Iwent________myown.”
4.Motherwassoabsorbed______readingthenovelthatshedidn’tnoticeourarrival.
5.Iwasgrateful______himforspeakingthetruth.
6.Scotlandisfamous______itswhiskey
7.Myfatherdoesn’tapprove________mynewboyfriend.
8.Myhusbandisgoing________abusinesstripnextweek.
9.Thepicturesofthehoteldidn’tcorrespond______thereality.
10.Iworkforalargecompany.I’mincharge________thesalesdepartment.
Grammartesttwentyfive-answers
1.Hehasneverbeenabroadbefore.Heisafraidofflying.
2.Ourneighbourisenviousofournewcar.Shehasn’tsleptsincewegotit.
3.“Iwentonholidaylastweek?”“Didyoureally?Whodidyougowith?”“Nobody;Iwentonmyown.”
4.Motherwassoabsorbedinreadingthenovelthatshedidn’tnoticeourarrival.
5.Iwasgratefultohimforspeakingthetruth.
6.Scotlandisfamousforitswhiskey
7.Myfatherdoesn’tapproveofmynewboyfriend.
8.Myhusbandisgoingonabusinesstripnextweek.
9.Thepicturesofthehoteldidn’tcorrespondtothereality.
10.Iworkforalargecompany.I’minchargeofthesalesdepartment.
Grammartesttwentysix
Prepositionstwo
1.Manypeoplenowadaysareaddicted________theinternet.
2.Mymotherisalwaysattentive________detail.
3.Shegotthejobasthenannybecausesheisverygood________children.
4.He’sverygood________maths.Itwashisfavouritesubjectwhenhewasatschool.
5.Heiscapable______beinganexcellentstudent.
6.Ifeelconfident______thefutureofourcountry.
7.Sadly,Inevergottoknowmygrandfather.Hedied________battleduringthesecondworldwar.
8.Mypaternalgrandfatherdied________pneumonia.
9.9.Heissuspected________cheatingintheexam.
10.Thesedayseverybodyisaware______thedangersofsmoking.
Grammartesttwentysix-answers
1.Manypeoplenowadaysareaddictedtotheinternet.
2.Mymotherisalwaysattentivetodetail.
3.Shegotthejobasthenannybecausesheisverygoodwithchildren.
4.He’sverygoodatmaths.Itwashisfavouritesubjectwhenhewasatschool.
5.Heiscapableofbeinganexcellentstudent.
6.Ifeelconfidentaboutthefutureofourcountry.
7.Sadly,Inevergottoknowmygrandfather.Hediedinbattleduringthesecondworldwar.
8.Mypaternalgrandfatherdiedofpneumonia.
9.Heissuspectedofcheatingintheexam.
10.Thesedayseverybodyisawareofthedangersofsmoking.
Grammartesttwentyseven
Prepositionsthree
1.We’regoing________apicnictomorrow.Wouldyouliketocomewithus?
2.Myproblemsareverysimilar______yours.
3.ThesebootsIboughtwere________saletoday.Theycosthalfwhattheydidlastweek.
4.Wearguedallday________whattocookforourguests.
5.Wereallycare________howwetreatourcustomers.
6.Idisagree________whatwassaidattoday’smeeting.
7.Ipreferreadingbooks________magazines.
8.Healwayscomplains________everything.
9.Whodoesthisbookbelong_____?
10.Afteracyclistwaskilled,themayorwasblamed________nothavingdoneanythingtorepairtheroads.
Grammartesttwentyseven-answers
1.We’regoingonapicnictomorrow.Wouldyouliketocomewithus?
2.Myproblemsareverysimilartoyours.
3.ThesebootsIboughtwereonsaletoday.Theycosthalfwhattheydidlastweek.
4.Wearguedalldayaboutwhattocookforourguests.
5.Wereallycareabouthowwetreatourcustomers.
6.Idisagreewithwhatwassaidattoday’smeeting.
7.Ipreferreadingbookstomagazines.
8.Healwayscomplainsabouteverything.
9.Whodoesthisbookbelongto?
10.Afteracyclistwaskilled,themayorwasblamedfornothavingdoneanythingtorepairtheroads.
Grammartesttwentyeight
Prepositionsfour
1.Thecyclisthadhitaholeintheroadandcrashed________atree.
2.Thejudgepresentedthecasetothejury.Afterexaminingtheevidencesetbeforethem,twosuccessivejuriesarrived________thesameconclusion.
3.I’msosorryIdidn’tcometoyourpartylastnight.Icompletelyforgot________it.
4.Heinsisted________paying________themealwehadlastnight.
5.He’sbeentalking________changingjobsforovertenyearsbuthestillhasn’tstartedtolookforone.
6.Hewasthinking________youyesterday.HetoldmesowhenImethimthismorning.
7.Wesuspectedhim_____stealingthetaperecorder.
8.Shewasreallyworried________failingherEnglishexam.Itwasallfornothingbecauseshepassed.
9.Wewouldliketothankyou________everythingyouhavedonetohelpus.
10.Mymotherhasjustrecovered________abaddose
oftheflu.
Grammartesttwentyeight-answers
1.Thecyclisthadhitaholeintheroadandcrashedintoatree.
2.Thejudgepresentedthecasetothejury.Afterexaminingtheevidencesetbeforethem,twosuccessivejuriesarrivedtothesameconclusion.
3.I’msosorryIdidn’tcometoyourpartylastnight.Icompletelyforgotaboutit.
4.Heinsistedonpayingforthemealwehadlastnight.
5.He’sbeentalkingaboutchangingjobsforovertenyearsbuthestillhasn’tstartedtolookforone.
6.Hewasthinkingaboutyouyesterday.HetoldmesowhenImethimthismorning.
7.Wesuspectedhimofstealingthetaperecorder.
8.ShewasreallyworriedaboutfailingherEnglishexam.Itwasallfornothingbecauseshepassed.
9.Wewouldliketothankyouforeverythingyouhavedonetohelpus.
10.Mymotherhasjustrecoveredfromabaddoseoftheflu.
Grammartesttwentynine
Prepositionsfive
1.Going________thesoundhervoiceonthephonetodaysheisnotveryhappy.
2.WewentfromEdinburghtoLondon________Newcastle.
3.Iwasnearlyrunover________acartoday.Itmissedme________ahair’sbreadth.
4.IcouldspeakEnglishfluently________theageoften.
5.Mymotherandfatherarebothlawyers________profession.
6.Where’sthecat?It’soverthere________thedoor.
7.Imissedthebusthismorning________asplitsecond.
8.Aplantpotflewoffmyneighbour’sbalconyandmissedme________afractionofaninch.
9.Howbigisyourlivingroom?It’stenmetres________six.
10.Itisalwaysadvisabletosendofficialdocuments________registeredpost.
Grammartesttwentynine-answers
1.Goingbythesoundhervoiceonthephonetodaysheisnotveryhappy.
2.WewentfromEdinburghtoLondonbyNewcastle.
3.Iwasnearlyrunoverbyacartoday.Itmissedmebyahair’sbreadth.
4.IcouldspeakEnglishfluentlybytheageoften.
5.Mymotherandfatherarebothlawyersbyprofession.
6.Where’sthecat?It’sovertherebythedoor.
7.Imissedthebusthismorningbyasplitsecond.
8.Aplantpotflewoffmyneighbour’sbalconyandmissedmebyafractionofaninch.
9.Howbigisyourlivingroom?It’stenmetresbysix.
10.Itisalwaysadvisabletosendofficialdocumentsbyregisteredpost.
Testthirty-phrasalverbs
Phrasalverbs
Replacethewordsinitalicswithaphrasalverb.
1.Anti-governmentprotestorsparticipatedinamassdemonstrationyesterdaymorning.
2.Theprotestorswanttheprimeministertoresign.
3.Heneverrecoveredfromthedeathofhiswifeandnotlongafterhealsodied.
4.Thebosscancelledthemeeting.
5.Wecannotcontinuelikethisanylonger.Weneedtofindasolution.
6.Mary’shousecaughtfirelastnight.Luckilythefiremenmanagedtoextinguishitbeforetoomuchdamagewasdonetoit.
7.Couldyoujustwaitamoment,saidthesalesmantothecustomer.I’llberightback.
8.Atthelastmomenthedecidedtowithdrawfromthecompetition.Hefelthehadn’ttrainedenoughtocompeteagainsthiscompetitors.
9.John’slateagain.Iwonderwhatkindofexcusehewill
thinkofthistime.
10.Canyoucollectthechildrenfromschoolthisafternoon?
11.AfterhalfanhourofwaitingforJimmy,hesuddenlyappeared.
12.ImetmyoldteacherwhenIwasgoingintothelibraryyesterday.Ihadn’tseenherforyearssoitwasapleasantsurprise.
13.I’vebeentryingtostopsmokingbutI’mfindingitreallyhard.
14.Sheraisedherchildrentoberespectablehumanbeings.
15.Drugabusecausedhisdeath.
Testthirty-answers
1.Anti-governmentprotestorstookpartinamassdemonstrationyesterdaymorning.(Thisisalsoathree-wordphrasalverbs,butwiththeverb‘participate’itwasnecessarytousethepreposition‘in’)
2.Theprotestorswanttheprimeministertostepdown.(‘Stepdown’isusedformembersofthegovernmentandotherofficials,suchasthedirectorofacompany.Itcannotbeusedforordinaryeverydaypeople)
3.Henevergotoverthedeathofhiswifeandnotlongafterhealsopassedaway.
4.Thebosscalledoffthemeeting.
5.Wecannotcarryonlikethisanylonger.Weneedtofindasolution.
6.Mary’shousewentonfirelastnight.Luckilythefiremenmanagedtoputitoutbeforetoomuchdamagewasdonetoit.
7.Couldyoujusthangonamoment,saidthesalesmantothecustomer.I’llberightback.
8.Atthelastmomenthepulloutofthecompetition.Hefelthehadn’ttrainedenoughtocompeteagainsthiscompetitors.
9.John’slateagain.Iwonderwhatkindofexcusehewillcomeupwiththistime.
10.Canyoupickupthechildrenfromschoolthisafternoon?
11.AfterhalfanhourofwaitingforJimmy,hesuddenlyshowedup.
12.IranintomyoldteacherwhenIwasgoingintothelibraryyesterday.Ihadn’tseenherforyearssoitwasapleasantsurprise.
13.I’vebeentryingtogiveupsmokingbutI’mfindingitreallyhard.
14.Shebroughtupherchildrentoberespectablehumanbeings.
15.Drugabusebroughtabouthisdeath.