ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY Every language is an organic system that is always changing, with new words coming in and going out all the time. Besides, the meanings of already existing words are evolving. This is especially true of English because of its role as an international language. Spoken around the globe as a primary, auxiliary or business language by 1.53 billion people, it has already become the first truly global language. According to the Global Language Monitor (http://www.languagemonitor.com/), the English language has already passed the "million word" mark. Moreover, to quote GLM president and chief word analyst Paul JJ Payack, one of the “momentous trends occurring in the English language today” is “an explosion in word creation -- English words are being added to the language at the rate of some 14.7 words a day. The last time words were being added to the language at this rate was during Shakespeare's time”. Therefore, language is evolving and its lexicon is being added very quickly. Technological change is the factor that influences this process mostly. Technical terminology is the specialised vocabulary of a field. It exists in a continuum of formality. Precise technical terms and their definitions are formally recognized and documented. Other terms are more colloquial, coined and used by practitioners in the field, and are similar to slang. The boundaries between formal and slang jargon are quite fluid. This is especially true in the rapidly developing world of computers. For instance, the term firewall was at first technical slang. As these devices became more important and the term became widely understood, the word was adopted as formal terminology. However, activities aimed at standardizing computer terminology are very rare and numerous glossaries of computer terms usually present no clear distinction between slang and jargon. If terms undergo long standardization processes in other fields, there is no time for this in the computer world. Clearly, Information Technology is that specialized field where new terms seem to be popping up every day. For instance, Webopedia, claiming itself the #1 online encyclopedia dedicated to computer technology, provides from 1 to 5 new entries in its section “New Terms” every day. Thus, it can be assumed that the increase of new terms related to Information Technology possibly outnumber all other subjects. Glossaries on the Internet provide lists of thousands of computer terms, some of them advertising more than 20.000 terms in their databases. Moreover, Information Technology presents not only the great increase of new terms but also quick changes in its terminology. For instance, some terms become obsolete, such as floppy disk or diskette. The other terms, which are commonly used, become stabilized and find their translations in other languages. However, the majority of terms are more or less adopted directly from English. Not surprisingly, the increasing number of new terms in every field presents more and more confusion for us. Happily for us, present terminology of Information Technology exhibits some general features: Many computer words probably have similar forms in every language (for example, words computer and information). A lot of these words are lively and colourful (for example, snail mail, hotspot and clickjacking). Young people engaged in the computer industry avoid heavy scientific-sounding language in favour of words that are simple, fresh and playful, even humorous (for example, last mile, spit, facebook and cookies). Unfortunately, this may sometimes result in a term coined in a nonchalant and casual manner. Every culture promotes user-friendliness in everything, including their languages. This means it is more common to use simple words to describe technical concepts (for example, it is surely nicer to use mouse, rather than an X-Y position indicator, which is what it was originally called). Many computer words are metaphors, which are words or phrases used in an imaginative way to describe sb/sth else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities. For example, a computer firewall allows limited access to an internal network from the Net which prevents intruders from stealing or destroying confidential data in the same way as firewall stops fire spreading from one area to another. The computer’s memory holds information, just like the fact that people remember information. Similarly, cloud computing gives the idea that you store your information on the clouds. More examples of metaphors frequent use in IT are: notebook, cut, paste, virus, bug, mouse, voicemail, etc.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
Every language is an organic system that is always changing, with new words coming in and going out all
the time. Besides, the meanings of already existing words are evolving. This is especially true of English
because of its role as an international language. Spoken around the globe as a primary, auxiliary or business
language by 1.53 billion people, it has already become the first truly global language.
According to the Global Language Monitor (http://www.languagemonitor.com/), the English language has
already passed the "million word" mark. Moreover, to quote GLM president and chief word analyst Paul JJ
Payack, one of the “momentous trends occurring in the English language today” is “an explosion in word
creation -- English words are being added to the language at the rate of some 14.7 words a day. The last
time words were being added to the language at this rate was during Shakespeare's time”. Therefore,
language is evolving and its lexicon is being added very quickly. Technological change is the factor that
influences this process mostly.
Technical terminology is the specialised vocabulary of a field. It exists in a continuum of formality. Precise
technical terms and their definitions are formally recognized and documented. Other terms are more
colloquial, coined and used by practitioners in the field, and are similar to slang. The boundaries between
formal and slang jargon are quite fluid. This is especially true in the rapidly developing world of
computers. For instance, the term firewall was at first technical slang. As these devices became more
important and the term became widely understood, the word was adopted as formal terminology. However,
activities aimed at standardizing computer terminology are very rare and numerous glossaries of computer
terms usually present no clear distinction between slang and jargon. If terms undergo long standardization
processes in other fields, there is no time for this in the computer world.
Clearly, Information Technology is that specialized field where new terms seem to be popping up every
day. For instance, Webopedia, claiming itself the #1 online encyclopedia dedicated to computer technology,
provides from 1 to 5 new entries in its section “New Terms” every day. Thus, it can be assumed that the
increase of new terms related to Information Technology possibly outnumber all other subjects. Glossaries
on the Internet provide lists of thousands of computer terms, some of them advertising more than 20.000
terms in their databases.
Moreover, Information Technology presents not only the great increase of new terms but also quick
changes in its terminology. For instance, some terms become obsolete, such as floppy disk or diskette. The
other terms, which are commonly used, become stabilized and find their translations in other languages.
However, the majority of terms are more or less adopted directly from English.
Not surprisingly, the increasing number of new terms in every field presents more and more confusion for
us. Happily for us, present terminology of Information Technology exhibits some general features:
Many computer words probably have similar forms in every language (for example, words
computer and information).
A lot of these words are lively and colourful (for example, snail mail, hotspot and clickjacking).
Young people engaged in the computer industry avoid heavy scientific-sounding language in
favour of words that are simple, fresh and playful, even humorous (for example, last mile, spit, facebook
and cookies). Unfortunately, this may sometimes result in a term coined in a nonchalant and casual manner.
Every culture promotes user-friendliness in everything, including their languages. This means it is
more common to use simple words to describe technical concepts (for example, it is surely nicer to use
mouse, rather than an X-Y position indicator, which is what it was originally called).
Many computer words are metaphors, which are words or phrases used in an imaginative way to
describe sb/sth else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities. For example, a computer
firewall allows limited access to an internal network from the Net which prevents intruders from stealing or
destroying confidential data in the same way as firewall stops fire spreading from one area to another. The
computer’s memory holds information, just like the fact that people remember information. Similarly, cloud
computing gives the idea that you store your information on the clouds. More examples of metaphors
frequent use in IT are: notebook, cut, paste, virus, bug, mouse, voicemail, etc.
Computer words tend to have some word patterns (forms) that continue to occur again and again.
Some of these forms contain frequently used prefixes and suffixes. For example, web- (webcam, webcast,