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english computer language - €¦ · • A((modern)(computer(uses(electrical(or(electroP magne

Oct 18, 2020

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Page 1: english computer language - €¦ · • A((modern)(computer(uses(electrical(or(electroP magne

English  and  Computer  Languages  

Till  Meister  

Page 2: english computer language - €¦ · • A((modern)(computer(uses(electrical(or(electroP magne

Table  of  Contents  

•  Tech  •  History  •  Informa<on  Society  –  The  Web  

•  Alterna<ves?  

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Tech  

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Computer  

computer  |kəmˈpyoōtər|  noun  an  electronic  device  for  storing  and  processing  data,  typically  in  binary  form,  according  to  instruc<ons  given  to  it  in  a  variable  program.  •  a  person  who  makes  calcula<ons,  esp.  with  a  calcula<ng  machine.  

New  Oxford  American  Dic<onary  

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•  A  (modern)  computer  uses  electrical  or  electro-­‐magne<c  informa<on  to  store  and  process  informa<on  (data)  

•  The  informa<on  have  binary  character:  either  the  light  bulb  is  on  or  off  

•   On  the  basic  level  the  computer  operates  with  machine  code  and  binary  informa<on  

•  A  computer  programming  language  can  be  seen  as  the  interface  between  the  human  user  and  their  natural  language  and  the  computer.  

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Conclusions  /  Implica<ons  

•  Computers  don’t  care  about  human  language  •  They  operate  with  electric  signals  and  mathema<c  opera<ons  

•  The  choice  of  language  on  which  a  computer  programming  language  is  based  therefore  depends  on  user/programmer  and  social  constella<ons  

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History  

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•  Konrad  Zuse  invented  the  first  programmable  computer.  The  Z3  was  introduced  in  1941.  

•  The  programming  language  he  developed  was  called  Plankalkül  

•  Plankalkül  used  German  terms  for  variables  

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Plankalkül  –  A  German  Programming  Language  

•  Program  –  Rechenplan  •  Data  –  Angaben  •  Algorithm  –  Vorschri_  

•  Boolean  (i.e.  binary)  variables  –  Ja-­‐Nein-­‐Werte  

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Plankalkül  –  Modern  Implementa<ons  

Rojas  FU  Berlin                Wikipedia  

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Conclusions  /  Implica<ons  

•  There  has  been  at  least  one  computer  language  described  in  a  language  other  than  English  –  German  based  Plankalkül  

•  Even  this  language  is  nowadays  implemented  using  English  lexicon  terms  

•  The  syntax  remains  mathema<c  /  logical  

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Informa<on  Society  –  The  Web  

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hep://www.uni-­‐bielefeld.de  -­‐  beyond  green  and  white  

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hep://www.uni-­‐bielefeld.de  -­‐  beyond  green  and  white  

•  hep:  hypertext  transfer  protocol  •  www:  world  wide  web    •  html:  hypertext  markup  language  •  xhtml:  extensible  …  •  xsl  :  extensible  stylesheet  language  •  href:  hypertext  reference  •  rel:  rela<onship  •  CSS:  cascading  style  sheets  •  src:  source  code  •  png:  portable  network  graphics  •  rss:  really  simple  syndica<on  •  blog:  web  log  

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…and  the  Chinese?  

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Even  the  French!  

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Conclusions  /  Implica<ons  

•  The  internet  is  based  on  the  hypertext  transfer  protocol  –  hep  

•  Hep  and  the  html  code  use  English  lexicon  •  Even  websites  represented  in  other  graphemes  than  English  use  English  based  html  for  their  code.  

•  In  order  to  produc<vely  create  websites  knowledge  of  html  and  thus  of  the  involved  English  words  is  necessary      

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Alterna<ves?  

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Alterna<ves  

•  There  is  a  number  of  non-­‐English  based  computer  programming  languages  

•  English  based  computer  languages  are  much  more  successful,  e.g.  VisualBasic,  C/C#,  PEARL,  Pascal,  Java,  html  

•  There  are  aeempts  to  detach  the  connec<on  between  natural  and  computer  programming  language:  Agol  68  

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Agol  68  

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Conclusions  /  Implica<ons    

•  There  are  computer  languages  based  on  languages  other  than  English  or  independent  of  a  natural  language  

•  The  majority  of  programming  languages  as  well  as  the  most  successful  ones  are  based  on  English  at  present  

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Sources  •  Breymann,  U.  (72003):  C++:  Einführung  und  Professionelle  Programmierung.  Munich:  Hanser.  •  Czauderna,  K.H.  (1979):  Konrad  Zuse:  Der  Weg  zu  seinem  Computer  Z3.  Munich:  Oldenbourg.  

•  Ifrah,  G.  (2001):  A  Universal  History  of  compuFng.  NY:  Wiley.  

•  Rojas,  R.  et.al.:  „Konrad  Zuses  Plankalkül:  Seine  Genese  und  eine  Moderne  Implemen<erung.“  hep://www.zib.de/zuse/Inhalt/Programme/Plankalkuel/Genese/Genese/Genese.htm  last  visited  05/13/10  

•  hep://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/  

–  ALGOL_68  

–  Computer  

–  Html  

–  Non-­‐English-­‐based_programming_languages  

–  Plankalkül  

–  Programming_Language  

–  Timeline_of_programming_languages    last  visited  05/13/10  

•  Zuse,  K.  (1976):  The  Plankalkül.  St.  Augus<n:  Ges.  für  Mathema<k  und  Datenverarbeitung.