English Class X.cdr

ENGLISH

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1. Read the following passage carefully :

People talk of memorials to him in statues of bronze or marble or pillars and thus they mock him

and belief his message. What tribute shall we pay to him that he would have appreciated? He has

shown us the way to live and the way to die and if we have not understood that lesson, it would be

better that we raised no memorial to him, for the only fit memorial is to follow reverently in the path

he showed us and to do our duty in life and in death.

He was a Hindu and an Indian, the greatest in many generations, and he was proud of being a

Hindu and an Indian. To him India was dear, because she had represented throughout the ages

certain immutable truths. But though he was intensely religious and came to be called the father of

Nation which he had liberated, yet no narrow religious or national bonds confined his spirit. And so

he became the great internationalist, believing in the essential unity of man, the underlying unity of

all religious, and the needs of humanity, and more specially devoting himself to the service of the

poor, the distressed and the oppressed millions everywhere.

His death brought more tributes than have been paid at the passing of any other human being in

history. Perhaps what would have pleased him best was the spontaneous tributes that came from

the people of Pakistan. On the morrow of the tragedy, all of us forgot for a while the bitterness that

had crept in, the estrangement and conflict of these past months and Gandhiji stood out as the

beloved champion and leader of the people of India, of India as it was before partition cut up this

living nation.

What was this power of the mind and the heart of man due to? His dominating passion was truth.

The truth led him to proclaim without ceasing that good ends can never be attained by evil

methods, that the end itself is distorted if method is bed. The truth led him to fight evil whenever he

found them regardless of the consequences. Truth made the service of the poor and

dispossessed the passion of his life, for where there is inequality and discrimination and

suppression there is injustice and evil. He became the beloved of those who suffered from social

and political evils and the great representative of humanity as it should be. Because of that truth in

him wherever he sat became a temple and where he trod was holy land.

I. On the basis of the reading of the passage, answer the following questions in brief :

1. About whom is the above passage written? What, according to the author, is the only fit

memorial to him?

2. How did he become a great internationalist?

3. Which tragedy does the author talk about in paragraph 3? What happened on the morrow

of the tragedy?

Section - A

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What did 'Truth' mean to him?

Or

'Truth has been an indispensible part of his life.'

Explain on the basis of paragraph 4.

I. Answer the following questions by choosing the correct options given below :

1. The word 'reverently' means ..............

(a)respectively (b)repeatedly

(c)properly (d)respectably

2. The word that can be replaced by 'immutable' is ...............

(a)unchangeable (b)inevitable

(c)immovable (d)unquestionable

3. The word 'estrangement' here means .............

(a)separation (b)the state of being no longer friendly

(c)intention (d)showing no loyalty

4. The adjective of the word 'passion' is ...............

(a)passionate (b)passionately

(c)passionless (d)passive


'Blind from birth, I have never had opportunity to see myself and have been completely dependent

on the image I create in the eye of the observer. To date it has not been narcissistic.'

There are those who assume that since I can't see, I obviously also cannot hear. Very often people

will converse with me at the top of their lungs, enunciating each word very carefully. Conversely,

people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don't work, my ears don't either.

For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she

will invariably pick up the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper : “Hi, Jane, we've got a 76

here.” I have concluded that the word “blind” is not used for one of two reasons : either they fear

that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent's retina will immediately detach, or they are

reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.

On the other hand, others know that, of course, I can hear, but believe that I can't walk. Often,

therefore, when my wife and I go out to dinner, a waiter or waitress will ask Kit if “he would like a

drink” to which I respond that “indeed he would.”

This point was graphically driven home to me while we were in England. I had been given a year's

leave of absence from my Washington law firm to study for a diploma in law degree at Oxford

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University. During the year, I became ill and was hospitalised. Immediately after admission, I was

wheeled down to the X-ray room.

Just at the door sat an elderly woman-elderly I would judge from the sound of her voice. “What is

his name?” the woman asked the orderly who had been wheeling me.

“What's your name?” the orderly repeated to me.

“Harold Krents,” I replied.

“Harold Krents,” he repeated.

“When was he born?”

“When were you born?”

“November 5, 1994,” I responded.

“November 5, 1994,” the orderly intoned.

This procedure continued for approximately five minutes at which point even my saint-like

disposition deserted me. “Look,” I finally blurted out, “this is absolutely ridiculous. Okay, granted I

can't see, but it's got to have become pretty clear to both of you that I don't need an interpreter.”

-Harold Krenta


1. What do people generally think about the blind? How do they usually converse with the

author?

2. How is the author usually referred to at the airport? Why, according to him, is the word

'blind' not used by the airport employees?

3. Why did he take a year's leave of absence from his Washington law firm? What happened

to him during that year?

4. How did he judge the woman as elderly? Why did he say that 'even my saint like disposition

deserted me?

II. Answer the following questions by choosing the correct options given below :

1. The word 'narcissistic' means .....................

(a)abnormal self praise (b)abnormal self criticism

(c)producing no result (d)abnormal situation

2. The word 'converse' can be replaced by .................

(a)shout (b)see

(c)talk (d)laugh

3. The opposite of the word 'detach' can be ..................

(a)snatch (b)attack

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(c)attach (d)separate

4. The word synonymous with 'ridiculous' is ......................

(a)rare (b) beautiful

(c)monotonous (d)absurd


The story of modern India is not just a story of heroes and triumphs; everything about us is not

wonderful and all we have done is certainly not perfect and right. Old or young, we all know that we

have made some mistakes; we have tried but failed to do many things we wanted to; in some

things we have not tried hard enough. Most grown-ups grumble about something or the other in

this country- the rising prices, the bad bus services, the strikes, the late running of trains, the

overcrowding, the dust, the laziness, the dishonesty, and so on and so forth. But you will notice

that it is always the laziness, dishonesty, and inefficiency of someone else that is blamed. People

do not usually talk about what is wrong with them that are wrong with everybody else.

Do you remember the story of the king who ordered that during the night each citizen should pour a

cup of milk into his bathing pool so that by the morning the whole big pool would be full of milk? The

pool was indeed full the next morning, but it was full of water! This happened because each citizen

thought his little cup of milk would hardly be noticed in a pool of milk, and decide to save milk and

pour water instead. You have also heard it said that it is better to light a little candle than to sit and

curse the darkness.

In other words, it is the small things that add up and make a country great, not so much the big

things. A martyr who happily gives his life for his country is a great man, no doubt, but no country

can ride on the backs of great people for ever.

In the world of today, countries go forward only if most people are willing to work hard, to organise

themselves properly, to be disciplined, to have consideration for the rights of their fellow citizens. It

is in these respects that we have not done so well.

We have enormous manpower, but we have not used it efficiently. People still tend to think only of

themselves and their families. How often have you seen a proud Indian housewife sweep her

house lovingly and dump the garbage in the street or in front of someone else's house? We have to

admit that this kind of thing is also typically Indian, along with wonderful things like hospitality,

respect for elders, patience, and desire for peace. How can we ever correct our fault if we do not

make ourselves see them clearly? It is absolutely necessary for India to see what things need to

be put right and then be her own doctor.


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1. Name the things that most grown-ups grumble about. What is the general tendency of

people?

2. What did the king order his citizens one day? How did the citizens follow their king's order?

3. What do people need to do to set their countries on the path of progress?

Or

In what respects have we not done so well?

4. (1) What are Indians rich in?

(2) What do people still tend to?

(3) List all the good qualities mentioned in the fifth paragraph that are typical of Indians.


1. The opposite of the word 'triumphs' is ...................

(a)victories (b)defeats

(c)desires (d)hopes

2. The word 'martyr' means .........................

(a)a military government

(b)a person who undergoes death for his/her beliefs

(c)a musical drama

(d)a person who practices massage professionally.

3. The word synonymous with 'enormous' is ..............

(a)tiny (b)tall

(c)huge (d)plenty

4. The opposite of 'patience' is ...............

(a)impatience (b)inpatience

(c)unpatience (d)non-patience


The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) has made it to top 100 in the QS World University

Rankings this year. QS, for the first time, has released a subject-wise list in which the English

department of JNU- Centre for English Studies- has been ranked among the top 100 English

departments in the world. Apart from the English department, JNU's departments of geography

and area studies, and politics and international studies too, have found a place in the top 100.

Saugata Bhaduri, chairperson, centre for English studies (CES), school of language, literature

and culture studies, JNU, says, “Though JNU has been rated as one of the top 100 universities of

the world in the past, it is for the first time that the agency has considered individual departments

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around the world. I am proud that CES has been ranked in the bracket of 51-100.”

Having achieved this position of standing as one of the top departments in the world, Bhaduri is

eager to sustain this position in future too. “I feel that we have to face immense challenges to

upgrade to higher levels in the coming lists.”

According to Nunzio Quacquarelli, managing director, QS, the subject-wise ranking was launched

this year to help students refine their study choices since they show university excellence in a

particular area of study on a global scale.

“Students are increasingly looking to pursue their graduate or postgraduate degree overseas. For

the student and his/her family, studying abroad represents a major investment, and it is not

surprising that people want detailed information upon which to base their educational investment

decision. The role of rankings, in this context, is important,” says Quacquarelli.

“Our research of tens of thousands of applicants over the last decade shows that students form a

clear picture of the subject that they wish to study first, and then decide where they wish to study,”

he adds. The process of research for the department listing was long; from identifying the subject

disciplines, gathering, verifying and analysing data from various universities, focusing on

academic and employer reputation, using a measure of citations per faculty, to adaptive

compilation and final screening. “The collection of independent and objective data on the

performance of universities across a range of measures, such as entry standards, student

satisfaction, tuition fees and graduate employment rates, is likely to be helpful for all those

concerned with making the right choice on where to study,” says Quacquarelli.

The entire credit of this achievement, as per Bhaduri, goes to the quality of research that their

students review and the quality of publications that the faculty reviews.

He adds, “The CES has been at the forefront of cutting-edge research in the field of literature and

culture studies in English for more than two decades now, with phenomenal output in publications,

papers and research projects from both faculty members and students.”

-Vishakha Sharma Education Times(TOI)


1. What is the achievement associated with the English Department of Jawaharlal Nehru

University? Name the other departments of JNU which have found place in the top 100.

2. Who is Saugata Bhaduri? What is he enthusiastic about?

3. How will the subject-wise ranking be helpful to the students?

4. What are the various aspects that come under the process of research for department

listing?

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1. The word which means the same as 'sustain' is ...............

(a)uphold (b)help

(c)try (d)continue

2. The opposite of the word 'upgrade' is .............

(a)degrade (b)promote

(c)downgrade (d)uplifted

3. One word from the passage for-'follow or chase' is ...................

(a)study (b)review

(c)pursue (d)decade

4. The word synonymous with 'phenomenal' is .................

(a)extraordinary (b)common

(c)ordinary (d)beautiful


SACHIN TENDULKAR LEAVES WITH STIRRING SPEECH

Sachin Tendulkar played his last day of international cricket at the Wankhede, and after India

sealed the series against West Indies, he gave an emotional farewell speech. The full text of it is

below.

All my friends Settle down let me talk, I will get more and more emotional. My life, between 22

yards for 24 years, it is hard to believe that wonderful journey has come to an end, but I would like

to take this opportunity to thank people who have played an importance role in my life. Also, for the

first time in my life I am carrying this list, to remember all the names in case I forgot someone. I

hope you understand. It's getting a little bit difficult to talk but I will manage.

The most important person in my life, and I have missed him a lot since 1999 when he passed

away, my father. Without his guidance, I don't think I would have been standing here in front of you.

He gave me freedom at the age of 11, and told me that [I should] chase my dreams, but make sure

you do not find short cuts. The path might be difficult, but don't give up, and I have simply followed

his instructions. Above all, he told me to be a nice human being, which I will continue to do and try

my best. Every time I have done something special [and] showed my bat, it was [for] my father.

My mother, I don't know how she dealt with such a naughty child like me. I was not easy to manage.

She must be extremely patient. For a mother, the most important thing is that her child remains

safe and healthy and fit. That was what she was most bothered and worried about. She took care

of me for the last 24 years that I have played for India, but even before that she started praying for

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me the day I started playing cricket. She just prayed and prayed and I think her prayers and

blessings have given me the strength to go out and perform, so a big thank you to my mother for all

the sacrifices.

In my school days, for four years, I stayed with my uncle and aunt because my school was quite far

from my home, and they treated me like their son. My aunt, after having had a hard day's play, I

would be half asleep and she would be feeding me food so I could go again and play tomorrow. I

can't forget these moments. I am like their son and I am glad it has continued to be the same way.

My eldest brother, Nitin, and his family, have always encouraged me. My eldest brother doesn't

like to talk much, but the one thing he always told me is that whatever you do, I know you will

always give it 100%, and that I have full faith and confidence in you. His encouragement meant a

lot to me. My sister, Savita, and her family, was no different. The first cricket bat of my life was

presented to me by my sister. It was a Kashmir willow bat. But that is where the journey began. She

is one of those many who still continue to fast when I bat, so thank you very much.

Source: www.espncricinfo.com,16.nov.2013


1. What did Sachin Tendulkar's father teach him (Tendulkar) to make him a successful nice

man? How did Tendulkar respond his father?

2. How does Sachin Tendulkar remember his mother's contribution in his life? Why does he

call her 'extremely patient'?

3. What role have Tendulkar's uncle and aunt played in his life? Give a brief description.

4. What place do Tendulkar's brother, Nitin, and sister, Savita, hold in his life?


1. The item closest in meaning to 'settle down' is .................

(a) to be quiet or orderly, living in one place

(b) to occupy a previously unoccupied area

(c) to pay attention to something

(d) to make a decision about something

2. The opposite of 'special' is .......................

(a)wonderful (b) extraordinary

(c)dull (d)ordinary

3. The phrase 'deal with' here means .......................

(a) take action (b)do business

(c)handle (d)be concerned with

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Read the following passage carefully :

Can education destroy caste? The answer is “Yes” as well as “No”. If education is given as it is

today, education can have no effect on caste. It will remain as it will be. The glaring example of it is

the Brahmin Caste. Cent per cent of it is educated, nay, majority of it is highly educated. Yet not one

Brahmin has shown himself to be against caste. Infact an educated person belonging to the higher

caste is more interested after his education to retain the Caste System than when he was not

educated. For education gives him an additional interest in the retention of the Caste System

namely by opening additional opportunity of getting a bigger job.

From this point of view, education is not helpful as a means to dissolve caste. So far is the negative

side of education. But education may be solvent of it is applied to the lower strata of the Indian

Society. It would raise their spirit of rebellion. In their present state of ignorance they are the

supporters of the Caste System. Once their eyes are opened they will be ready to fight the Caste

System.

The fault of the present policy is that though education is being given on a larger scale, it is not

given to the right strata of Indian society. If you give education to that strata of Indian society which

has a vested interest in maintaining the Caste System for the advantages it gives them, then the

Caste System will be strengthened. On the other hand, if you give education to the lowest strata of

Indian society which is interested in blowing up the Caste System, the Caste System will be blown

up. At the moment the indiscriminate help given to education by the Government and American

Foundation is going to strengthen the Caste System. To make rich richer and poor poorer is not the

way to abolish poverty. The same is true of using education as a means to end the Caste System.

To give education to those who want to keep up the Caste System is not to improve the prospect of

Democracy in India but to put our Democracy in India in greater jeopardy.


1. From which point of view is education not helpful as a means to dissolve Caste System?

2. How can education help to uproot Caste System?

3. What, according to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, is the fault of the present policy?

4. What does the above passage reflect about Dr. Ambedkar?


1. Another word for 'glaring' is .....................

(a)obvious (b)standard

(c)obscure (d) right

2. One word from the above passage for- “done without consideration” is ....................

(a) dissolve (b)indiscriminate

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(c)strengthen (d)abolish

3. The opposite of 'ignorance' is ..................

(a)darkness (b)innocence

(c)knowledge (d)presence

4. The word 'jeopardy' means ....................

(a)complete destruction (b)an act of bravery

(c)a moment of joy (d)likely to be lost or harmed

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Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our

pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour,

when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but

rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of

a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the

pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still large cause of humanity.

At the dawn of history India started on her unending quest, and trackless centuries are filled with

her striving and the grandeur of her success and her failures. Through good and ill fortune alike

she has never lost sight of that quest or forgotten the ideals which gave her strength. We end today

a period of ill fortune and india discovers herself again. The achievement we celebrate today is but

a step, an opening of opportunity to the greater triumphs and achievement that await us. Are we

brave enough and wise enough to grasp this opportunity and accept the challenge of the future?

Freedom and power bring responsibility. That responsibility rests upon this assembly, a sovereign

body representing the sovereign people of India. Before the birth of freedom we have endured all

the pains of labour and our hearts are heavy with the memory of this sorrow. Some of those pains

continue even now. Neverthless, the part is over and it is the future that beckons to us now. that

future is not one of ease or resting but of incessant striving so that we may fulfil the pledges we

have so often taken and the one we shall take today. The service of India means the service of the

millions who suffer. It means the ending of poverty and ignorance and disease and inequality of

opportunity. The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from

every eye. That may be beyond us, but as long as there are tears and suffering, so long our work

will not be over.

-Jawaharlal Nehru

On the basis of the reading of the passage, answer the following questions in brief:

1. What does Jawaharlal Nehru mean when he says ‘we made a tryst with destiny’?

2. What does Nehru urge us to?

3. Explain - ‘India discovers herself again’.

4. How does Jawaharlal Nehru remember the tough times that the country had gone through

before getting Independence?

5. Why does Nehru say - some of those pains continue even now?

6. How does he see the future of India?

7. What does ‘the service of India’ mean?

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8. Which ambition seems to be difficult to fulfil? What does the last line reveal about Nehru?


SUMMER BREAKS

Do children really need such long summer breaks, was a question posed by some experts

recently. Apparently, such a long break disrupts their development and comes in the way of their

learning process. Let’s get them back to their books, is perhaps the expert view, if not in so many

words. One would have thought the children are doing too much during their vacations and not too

little, given the plethora of classes, camps and workshops involving swimming, art, personality

development, music computers and the like that seem to cram their calendar. Even the trips taken

in the name of holidays seem laden with exotic destinations and customized experience packed

into a short with period of time. We can do Europe in ten days and Australia in a week and come

back armed with digital memories and overflowing suitcases. holidays are in some ways, no

longer a break but an intensified search for experience not normally encountered in everyday life.

It is a far cry from summer holidays one experienced while growing up. For holidays every year

meant one thing and one thing alone-you went back to your native place, logged in with the

emotional headquarters of your extended family and spent two months with a gaggle of uncles,

aunts and first and second cousins. The happiest memories of the childhood of a whole generation

seem to be centred around this annual ritual of homecoming and of affirmation. We tendered tacit

apologies for the separateness entailed in being individuals even as we scurried back into the

cauldron of community and continuity represented by family. Summer vacation was a time sticky

with oneness, as who we were and what we owned oozed out from our individual selves into a

collective pot.

Source : The Times of India


1. How do long summer breaks disrupt children?

2. What is the expert view about utilising summer vacation?

3. What are the different activities that seem to cram children’s calender?

4. Even the trips taken in the name of holidays do not help children. why?

5. If holidays are no longer a break, then what are they?

6. How do children usually spend their summer holidays?

7. Explain the phrase - ‘annual ritual of homecoming’.

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8. What does the author want to say in the end?


GLOBALISATION AND THE POLLUTION

Globalisation can be defined as the process of making the world smaller and keeping it connected

with one another. it is only through globalisation that now in the present scenario we can come to

know what’s happening in the other part of the world. Indian markets were allowed to enter global

market in the 90's. These led to drastic changes in the thinking, standard of living of people, and

also in the economic scenario of India. It soon started a new type of industrial revolution in India or

it can be said that it gave a new start to the already existing industries in India.

There has also been an increase in the rate of pollution at an alarming rate in the past decade. It

can be said that the rate of globalisation and the rate of pollution are inter-related, as the rate of

globalisation increases, the rate of pollution also increases. Due to globalisation the competition

among nations to become the sugar power has become at a very high rate. This has led to fast

development of the nations. The development is not being done in a proper way which for time

being won’t show its effects, but in the long run will cause a major damage to the world.

The degradation of ecological system can be defined as pollution. As the world progresses, it is

destroying the wonderful fauna and flora that exists directly and indirectly. Large pieces of land

covered with trees are being wiped out to make way for industries, residential complexes etc. As

the trees provided for the habitat to large variety of birds and animals, these animals could not

survive the change in the environment and got extinct. Many of the industries are situated near

water bodies to release their chemical effluents in the water. But this in turn effects the flora and

fauna in the water bodies, also making the water unfit for any use, specially for drinking. There also

has been an enormous increase in the air pollution, through increase in vehicular movement,

poisonous gases let out from industries as waste gases and through many other ways harm is

being caused to the nature.

-Shruti garg


1. On the basis of paragraph 1 mention any two advantages of globalisation.

2. What happened in 1990's?

3. What is the side effect of the increase in the rate of globalisation?

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4. How are globalisation and pollution inter-related

5. At what cost does the world progress?

6. What happens when forests are destroyed on a large scale?

7. How do industries situated near water bodies affect them?

8. What causes air pollution?


1. Where have we come from? who has sent us here and for what purpose? What will be our

duration here? Does God exist, and if He does, where and how can we find Him? These are some

of the questions that confronted me at some point of time in my life. In my quest to find convincing

answer to these questions, I attended spiritual gatherings and meetings to hear masters and

gurus talk on the subject. but my questions remained unanswered.

2. For several days, I got up early in the morning and sat in meditation but I found it very

difficult. Most of the time I dozed off. During whatever little time I remained alert, my mind

wandered here and there. I found it difficult to remain free from thoughts even for a few moments.

The struggle left me exhausted. I even toyed with the idea of retiring to the Himalayas for spiritual

practices, but my family responsibilities held me back.

3. My repeated failures to understand my own mind were disappointing, especially when my

intentions were honest and strong. I decided to look within myself. I found that I was not immune to

worldly temptations. It was difficult for me to overcome these habits, as without such simple

pleasures, I found life not worth living.

4. Then I realised that I had to find answer to my questions in my own way. God cannot ignore

a layman and reveal Himself only to a few spiritual leaders and gurus as long as the desire to seek

Him is sincere. Also to be worthy of being God. He has to remain impartial.

5. Then in one breakthrough moment, I stopped searching for God the way others did. I

decided to find God in my own way, the way I could understand Him. I simplified my concept of

God. for me, God is that which makes my life and living possible. God is that in whose absence, the

flow of my life will not be as smooth as it is today. All the things that make my life possible, I call

them God!

Based on your reading of the passage answer the following questions briefly :

1. Write at least one question that troubled the narrator?

2. What did he do to find the answer to this question?

3. Why did he find it very difficult?

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4. What made him feel exhausted?

5. Why could he not go to the Himalayas?

6. What did he see when he looked within himself?

7. What did he ultimately realise?

8. What was his concept of God?


1. The hopping kangaroo is a familiar sight in every snapshot relating to Australia. Members

of the kangaroo family can be as small as a rat or as big as a man. Kangaroo are found mainly in

Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea. Kangaroos, which are big-footed marsupials that evolved

in Australia, use their short front legs like arms. The man-sized kangaroo of Australia are capable

of speeeding up 88 km/hr for short distances, their means of locomotion being their powerful hind

legs, which carry them over the ground in jumps of 9 m or more at a time.

2. Weighing around 70kg. they have an average lifespan of around six to eight years and a

maximum lifetime of 20 years. When bothered by predators, Kangaroos often head for the water,

standing submerged to the chest, and attempting to drown the attacker by holiding him under

water. Another defensive technique is to get their back to a tree and kick at their adversary with

their clawed hind feet, sometimes with sufficient force to kill a man. Normally shy animals, they

alert other kangaroos to danger on the ground with their hind feet. this loud alarm signal carries

over a long distance.

3. The tail is important for kangaroos . It holds them in balance and supports them when they

sit or fight against other kangaroos. The kangaroo uses legs as arms. With them it scratches itself,

cleans its fur and holds branches when it eats leaves. Kangaroos are marsupials and the females

carry newborns in a pouch in front of their abdomens. The babies are born small and climb up into

the safety of the pouch. There, for the next 225 days or so, they eat, sleep and grow. Once they

reach full development, they leave the pouch. A young kangaroo that leaves the pouch is called a

‘joey’. To keep from getting too hot, the kangaroos take naps in the afternoon and do most of their

grazing at night. But the best stay-cool secret of these creatures is the spit bath! Kangaroos drool

and lick saliva all over their faces and bodies to cool down.


1. When followed by predators kangaroos submerge_________________and___________

2. The powerful hind legs help kangaroos to________________.

3. Kangaroos are mainly found in Australia and are____________________.

17

4. They use their front legs to ____________________.

5. Kangaroos warn others of danger by____________________.

6. The Secret of kangaroos to stay cool is_____________________.

7. They use their tails to________________________.

8. Before becoming ‘joeys’, the young ones stay in the_____________and_____________.


Youth work is the community support activity aimed at older children and adolescents. Depending

upon the culture and the community, different services and institutions may exist for this purpose.

in the United Kingdom youth work is the process of creating an environment where young people

can engage in informal educational activities. Different varieties of youth work include centre-

based work, detached work, school-based work and religion-based work. Throughout the United

States and Canada, youth work is any activity that seeks to engage young people in coordinated

programs, including those that are recreational, educational, or social by nature and design.

Youth work is historically said to focus on five areas, including a focus on young people; an

emphasis on voluntary participation and relationship; a commitment to association by youth and

adults; friendly and informal atmospheres, and; acting with integrity. In its purest form, detached

youth work is a form of street-based youth work provision, which operates without the use of a

centre and place where young people are. Often confused with outreach work, because of the

similar principles i.e. making contact on the streets with those “hand to reach” or “unattached”

young people. Detached work is seen as more than trying to encourage young people to utilise

existing provision and is used as a method of delivering informal and social education and is

concerned with addressing whatever needs are presented to or perceived by the youth worker.

The latter, it is sometimes said, is mainly concerned with bringing people into existing

organisations and activities; the former is about working with people wherever they are. In reality

most ‘detached’ workers have to use existing organisations, and have a range of activities that

people can plug into.

School-based work is carried out in schools and includes lessons, assemblies, after-school clubs,

one to one mentoring etc.


1. Who is the target group of Youth Work?

2. What are the different services provided by Youth Work?

18

3. What are the different varieties of Youth Work?

4. What are the different areas Youth Work focuses on?

5. What is Detached Youth Work?

6. How would you define Outreach work?

7. What is the difference between Detached and Outreach Youth Work?

8. How is help provided at school level?

19

1. The following paragraph has not been edited. there is an error in each line. identify and

write the error and the correction in your answer sheet against the correct blank number as shown

in the example

EDITING

Passage c

Look at any wastes dump.

In additional to vegetable scrap, paper

and broken glass, you will noticed

the considerable amount of plastic material

Vegetable scrap and paper is biodegradable,

but glass and plastic continues to

accumulate and harmed the environment.

Incorrect Word Correct Word

e.g. wastes

a. ________________

b. ________________

c. ________________

d. ________________

e. ________________

f. ________________

waste

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

Passage D

Success in life depend largely upon good

health. Breath clean and fresh air as well as

following irregular habits make you strong.

smoking right from a young age stunt the

body growth and clouding the brain. It is

also injury to health. people know this,

but still continuing to smoke.


e.g. depend

a. ________________

b. ________________

c. ________________

d. ________________

e. ________________

f. ________________

depends

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

Passage E

Later, I promise myself and kept walking

towards the mall. inside, that took me

a moment to understand a situation

around me. I was hit with a huge

display of products. shelves was heavily

laden with so much packets of flour,

spices dress. books or cosmetics.


e.g. promise

a. ________________

b. ________________

c. ________________

d. ________________

e. ________________

f. ________________

promised

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

2.

3.

20

EDITING

Passage A

Jim corbett gives up on academics

early. He proves his ability

with the gun at the age off eight.

He worked as the storekeeper,

a labour contractor but as

captain in world war I. she also

trained soldiers on jungle warfare


e.g. gives

a. ________________

b. ________________

c. ________________

d. ________________

e. ________________

f. ________________

gave

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

Passage B

Getting a good night’s slept

can helped you to cope up with stress more

effectively. much people are prone to

sleep disturbances. experts believes that

deep sleep enable our nervous system

to function well. without its, we lose our

ability to concentrate, remembering or analyse.


e.g. slept

a. ________________

b. ________________

c. ________________

d. ________________

e. ________________

f. ________________

sleep

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

Passage

One day, we were sitting and watch the birds

when suddenly one of the baby bird

struggled in of the hole, ready

for their first flight.

A little fearful on first, it hopped


e.g. watch

a. ________________

b. ________________

c. ________________

d. ________________

watching

______________

______________

______________

______________

4.

6.

21

1. One word has been omitted in each line. write the missing word along with the word that

comes before and the word that comes after it against the correct blank.

OMISSIONS

Passage A

Palash or kesuda is small tree with bright orange-red clusters

of flowers, each one resembling a parrot’s beak. when sees

these abundant clusters brilliant flowers, they give an

impression of being free. hence the name, “the flame of the

forest.” the leaves of this tree used for sacred

rituals. in vedic times, twigs were considered an

auspicious fuel the sacred fire, yajna.

Corrections

e.g. is a small

a. _______________________

b. _______________________

c. _______________________

d. _______________________

e. _______________________

f. _______________________

Passage B

Florence nightingale an

English woman founded

the profession modern nursing.

Her parents rich and expected

her to be society woman only.

she wanted help sick people

and dedicated her life their service

Corrections

e.g. nightingle was an

a. _______________________

b. _______________________

c. _______________________

d. _______________________

e. _______________________

f. _______________________

Passage e

A helpline been opened

in united kingdom for people

who had close encounters with’

aliens, making it first of its

kinds the country

Corrections

e.g. helpline has been

a. _______________________

b. _______________________

c. _______________________

d. _______________________

1.

3.

2.

22

OMISSIONS

Passage C

After the exam, not spend

time criticising yourself where you

think you completely wrong.

often, your self-assessment far too

harsh. congratulate for the

things that you right. learn

new lesson your mistakes.

Corrections

e.g. exam, do not

a. _______________________

b. _______________________

c. _______________________

d. _______________________

e. _______________________

f. _______________________

Passage D

Amelia listened the song and

felt very angry. even clockwork

mouse singing and waving his tail

with the tune. amelia walked to the

telephone and sat down it. she was

surprised as was the song made by

the teddy bear her daughter’s birthday

Corrections

e.g. listened to the

a. _______________________

b. _______________________

c. _______________________

d. _______________________

e. _______________________

f. _______________________

Passage E

Basket ball is a sport can be

played by men women. it is usually

played a rectangular court. two teams

of five players play together. one half

to the game played for 20 minutes. no player

can touch ball while it is on or in the

basket it is team sport.

Corrections

e.g. sport which can

a. _______________________

b. _______________________

c. _______________________

d. _______________________

e. _______________________

f. _______________________

4.

5.

6.

23

Report the following dialogues

1. Conversation A

Shop Assistant : Good afternoon. can I help you?

Ramona : I need a few greeting cards.

Shop Assistant : The greeting card section is over there to your right.

Ramona : Thank you very much.

The shop assistant Ramona and asked her if he could help her. Ramona told him that

(a)_______________greeting cads. the shop assistant told her that the greeting card section

(b)_____________________right. Ramona ©_________________________.

2. Conversation B

Rahul : Congratulation! How do you feel after being awarded the medal?

Kunal : Top of the world!

Rahul : Did you expect this rare honour?

Kunal : A little bit.

Rahul congratulate kunal and asked him how he felt after being awarded the medal. kunal told

him that (a)____________________on top of the world. Rahul asked him (b)________________

rare honour. kunal relied that (c)_____________________________a little bit.

3. Conversation C

Kokila : Maitryee ! My new dress is very pretty.

Maityreee : Will you show it to me?

Kokila : I will show it to you tomorrow when you come to my house.

Kokila told her friend maitryee that (a)__________________________. maitryee asked her if

(b)______________________________kokila relied that she show it to her

(c)_____________________

Reported Speech

24

4. Conversation D

Interviewer : You’ve been employed by many firms, but for rather brief periods of

time.

Interviewee : True.

Interviewer : How long was your average stay?

Interviewee : Oh, I don’t know. how long does it take to clean out a desk?

The interviewer observed that the interviewee (a)_______________________by many firms, but

the employment had been for rather brief periods of time. the interviewee agreed with him. the

interviewer then asked him (b)_______________________average stay. the interviewee told him

that it was as long as it ©___________________.

5. Conversation E

Reena : Rohan, what are you doing?

Rohan : I’m sewing a button on my coat.

Reena : You’ve got the wrong button.

Roahn : Yes, I know! please give me the right one.

Reena was curios to know what Rohan was doing. Rohan said (a)______________________

Reena told (b)_________________________wrong button. Rohan agreed and requested her

(c)____________________

6. Conversation F

Rakesh : I am going to shimla tomorrow.

Brij : When will you return?

Rakesh : I shall come next week.

Rakesh told brij that (a)_______________________Brij asked him (b)___________________

Rakesh replied that (c)_______________________ week .

Reported Speech

25

1. Given below are some note to prepare a cake. use them to complete the paragraph that

follows. use the underlined verbs in the passive voice.

PREPARATION OF A CAKE

• Cream the butter and sugar until it gets fluffy.

• Add the eggs gradually.

• Add flour, baking powder and milk powder.

• Add vanilla extract with milk and lines with baking paper.

• Pour into the baking dish greased and lined with baking paper.

• Bake at 180 degrees C for about 25 minutes.

To make a delicious cake, first of all, butter and sugar are creamed until it gets fluffy. Then,

(a)_______________gradually. flour, baking powder and milk powder are added after that. vanilla

extract is added with milk and mixed well to enhance the flavour. A baking dish is greased and lined

with baking paper and the mixture (b)__________________. the mixture ©_______________.

2. Given below are some instruction. use them to complete the paragraph that follows write

the correct sentences in your answer sheets against the correct blank number use the passive

form of the underlined verbs.

HOW TO PREPARE TOAST ON ELECTRIC TOASTER

• Switch on the electric toaster.

• Insert two slices of bread into the slots.

• Leave them inside for about two minutes.

• Switch off the toaster and take out the toast.

The electric toaster is first (a)________________. then, (b)_____________into the slots, they are

left inside for about two minutes. the toaster is switched off and the toast ©_________________.

3. Given below are some instructions for using a pipette to measure a required amount of

water. use the underlined verbs in the passive voice to complete the paragraph.

• Take a pipette and dip the nozzle into water in a vessel.

• Suck out air through the other end.

Procedure Writing

26

• When the water rises to the mark on the pipette, cover its upper end take the pipette out.

• Then, empty the water in the pipette into a beaker.

A pipette (a)_________________________ and the nozzle is dipped into water in a vessel. The

air is sucked out through the other end. when the water rises to the mark on the pipette, its upper

end is covered and (b)____________________. then, (c)_________________into the beaker.

4. Given below are instructions for polishing shoes. use them to complete the paragraph that

follows write your answer in the answer sheet against the correct blank number

POLISHING SHOES

• Take out the laces. • Clean the shoes thoroughly

• Apply a thin of polish evenly • Leave them to dry.

• Rub with a soft piece of cloth. • Put in the laces and the shoes are ready.

POLISHING SHOES

To polish shoes, first the laces are taken out. then, the shoes (a)______________________. A

thin coat of polish (b)________________________________and the shoes are left to dry. they

(c)________________________with a soft piece of cloth. finally, the laces (d)______________

and the shoes are ready.

5. How to make mixed vegetable soup

Ingredients :

• ½ kg mixed vegetables - carrots, green pea, tomatoes, spinach etc.

• 2 medium onions

• 25 gm butter/oil

• ½ tsp black pepper powder

• 8 small bunch of fresh coriander leaves

• 2 cloves garlic

• 2 bay leaves

• 1 tsp salt

• 5 cups water

Procedure Writing

27

Method :

• Heat the oil in a heavy bottomed pan or a pressure cooker.

• Lower the heat and add the onion.

• Cook till they are soft.

• Add the rest of the ingredients except water and herb

• Toss over medium heat for a few minutes.

• Pour in water, bring up to the boil and cook till the vegetable are well softened.

• Mash or blend the soup to a puree.

• Raheat till piping hot and garnish with coriander leaves.

First of all (a)___________________ in a heavy bottomed pan or a pressure cooker. the heat

(b)_______________they are cooked till they are soft. then, rest of the ingredients (c)_________

herb. they are (d)______________for a few minutes. after that water (e)____________and the

soup is cooked till the vegetables are well softened. finally the soup (f)___________a puree. it is

(g)______________ piping hot and (h)_____________________coriander leaves.

6. How to make cooked sprouts

Ingredients :

• Small onion

• 1 tsp cummin seeds

• 1 green chilli

• 8-10 springs fresh coriander or mint leaves.

• 1 ½ cups sprouts (moong, masoor, urad, kala chana or beans)

• 1 lime

Method :

• Heat the oil and cummin seeds and fry till they are golden and fragrant.

• Add the onion pieces and fry till just taking colour.

• Stir in the sprouts, chilli powder and salt and stir-fry 2-3 minutes.

• Pour in ½ cup water, bring to the boil and lower the heat.

• Stir in the green chilli, if used, coriander or mint and mix well.

• Serve hot or cold with lime quarters and curd.

Procedure Writing

28

First of all (a)_______________ till they are golden and fragrant. the onion pieces (b)__________

till just taking colour. then (c)_____________ for 2-3 minutes. after that (d)_________________

and the heat is lowered the sprouts (e)____________ for 10-15 minutes till the water has dried.

the green chillies (if used), (f)_________________in it. the sprouts are served hot or cold with lime

quarters and curd.

Procedure Writing

29

1. Rearrange the following words and phrases to make meaningful sentences.

Passage A

a. In / Kumbh / Mela / 2003 / Nasik / held / the / in / was

The Kumbh Mela was held in Nasik in 2003

b. Spot / named / to / pilgrims / of / Ramkund / were thousands / the waiting / reach / holy

_____________________________________________________________________

c. of / gathered / had / banks / of holy / on / bath / the / many / the / Godavari river / them / for

_____________________________________________________________________

d. crowd / a / silver / threw / sadhu / into / some the coins

_____________________________________________________________________

e. many / a / devotees / took / costing / of / stampede / the / place / tragic / lives

_____________________________________________________________________

Passage B

a. Vietnames / is / story / of / woman / a / this / the

_____________________________________________________________________

b. as / france / away / she / to / child / ran / a

_____________________________________________________________________

c. a / grew / she / up / become / pilot / to

_____________________________________________________________________

d. Vietnam / back / she / to / came

_____________________________________________________________________

e. of heart-broke / the / she / to state / her / see / was / homeland

Jumbled Sentences

30

Passage C

a. a poor / born / remember that / nobody is / listener

Remember that nobody is born a poor listener.

b. a cause / lack of / subject or / interest in the / could be / the topic

_____________________________________________________________________

c. listener / an effort / in such / cases / the / does not / make

_____________________________________________________________________

d. speaker is / understand what / and thus / fails to / talking about

_____________________________________________________________________

Passage D

a. is / that / cookie / a / round and crip / cake / is / sweet flour-based

_____________________________________________________________________

b. 7 AD / the cookies / of / back / be / traced / to / origin / can

_____________________________________________________________________

c. time / was / at / Persia / Iran / as / that / known

_____________________________________________________________________

d. were / paris / available / in later / they

_____________________________________________________________________

Passage E

a. a / that / payment /credit / transactions / a card financial / system / facilitates / is

_____________________________________________________________________

b. number / are / card / with / plastic / unique

_____________________________________________________________________

Jumbled Sentences

31

c. goods / cash / they / in services / without / hard/ help / buying / paying / and

____________________________________________________________________

d. make / the purchases / card / users / to plastic / swipe

____________________________________________________________________

e. approved / generated / payment / after / and / is / receipt / authentication / is

____________________________________________________________________

Passage F

a. decided / Delhi / flyover / it / a number of / has been / to build / in

It has been decided to build a number of flyover in Delhi.

b. hundreds of / cutting down / trees / it / mean / would

____________________________________________________________________

c. it / ecological imbalance / create certainly / an would

____________________________________________________________________

d. balance / to preserve / to plant trees / several organisation / have come / new / this

forwards

____________________________________________________________________

Jumbled Sentences

32

(Based only on multiple choice questions)

1. Choose the best word from the options given below and complete the following

passage.

Rivers are considered holy (I)_________ India but they are hardly treated (ii)______________

respect. all kinds of dust and filth find (iii)_____________ way into the rivers. if we have to

treat and purify the water (iv)________________ drinking it, how can the fish survive in (v)

___________waters? every years river Gomti becomes (vi)_______________ death bed of

thousands of fish because the water released in the reservoir upstream carries effluents from

the neighbouring

I. a) in b) on c) at d) of

ii. a) in b) with c) at d) of

iii. a) their b) his c) its d) over

iv. a) of b) in c) on d) for

v. a) these b) this c) that d) their

vi. a) the b) a c) their d) those

2. Choose the best word from the options given below and complete the following letter.

Dear Daddy

I hope all’s well with you. everything is fine here. I am sorry I (I)_________ write earlier. I was

busy with my coaching camp (ii) _____________ is now over. after the annual examination

most of (iii)_______________ boarders have left for their homes. only a few like me

(iv)_________ i’ii be able to join you. dad, I hate (vi) __________ a boarder. how lonely it is to

stay here during the vacation! the few inmates left are not only boring but also nasty. I hope

you will come to my rescue soon.

Your son

Ravindra

I. a) couldn’t b) hasn’t c) have not d) hadn’t

ii. a) which b) being c) to d) only

iii. a) which b) the c) are d) when

iv. a) couldn’t b) which c) when d) are

v. a) the b) being c) when d) am

vi. a) being b) which c) to d) couldn’t

Gap - Filling

33


passage.

The students (I)__________talking as Miss. sarkar (ii)___________the classroom. then in a

loud voice (iii)___________ said ‘good morning’ and (iv)___________ quickly around the

room. all children (v) _____________her intently to find out what sort of a person she (vi)

_________ “I suppose you want to know my name,” she said. but before she could tell them,

someone in the class yelled out, “You are miss sarkar.”

I. a) are b) was c) were d) been

ii. a) enters b) entered c) entering d) entours

iii. a) she b) they c) he d) them

iv. a) glance b) glancing c) glanced d) glancy

v. a) oberve b) watching c) watch d) watched

vi. a) is b) was d) been d) being


passage.

Delivering his inaugural address (I)___________ the first agricultural congress here today (ii)

___________ prime minister said efforts (iii)___________ be made to increase the that the

agricultural scientists (v) _______________ rise to the occasion to meet the challenge of

feeding the population so that we may not have to import it. if we delay, he said, in doing

something about the matter, it (vi) __________ be difficult to face the shortage of grains. he is

optimistic that the agriculture scientists must think over the matter. speaking on the occasion.

the agricultural minister praised the agricultural scientists for their role in bringing about a

green revolution.

I. a) on b) at c) over d) from

ii. a) this b) an c) a d) the

iii. a) can b) will c) should d) may

iv. a) in b) from c) to d) have

v. a) can b) shall c) must/should d) need to

vi. a) can b) would c) need d) ought to

Gap - Filling

34


passage.

26th January is a very special day (i)_________India. It is (ii)___________ this day that India

become a Sovereign Democratic Republic (iii)___________ 1950. Dr. Rajendra Prasad

bacome the first president (iv)__________ the indian republic. 26th January is celebrated (v)

____________ great enthusiasm and festivity all over the country. first of all, the prime minister

visits the amar jawan jyoti at India Gate. these he offers floral tributes (vi)____________the

martyrs. then begins the colourful parade which starts from Vijay Chowk and terminated at the

Red Fort.

I. a) for/in b) of c) by d) to

ii. a) by b) of c) in d) on

iii. a) on b) in c) for d) to

iv. a) in b) above c) of d) about

v. a) for b) with c) in d) by

vi. a) to b) of c) by d) over


passage.

On 10th November 1910, Leo tolstoy suddenly decided to renounce (I)____________ home.

he was accompanied (ii)______________ his daughter (iii) _______________ his doctor. he

left his house (iv)___________________ the middle of the night. he reached next day (v)

____________ the monastery of uptina and spent the night there writing an article. on 12th, he

reached the convert where his sister, marie had been staying as a nun. he (vi)_____________

his sister that he would like to live in the convert if no pressure was used.

I. a) his b) her c) its d) out

ii. a) of b) from c) with d) by

iii. a) of b) through c) and d) through

iv. a) at b) on c) from d) to

v. a) of b) to c) by d) into

vi. a) scolded d) replied c) referred d) told

Gap - Filling

35


passage.

Massage (I)__________ be a natural tranquilliser. It (ii)___________ been used (iii)________

virtually every culture throughout history to relieve aches (iv)___________ pains, unknot tense

muscles, and help (v)___________ body and the mind to relax. there are several types of the

massage, (vi)______________ the most popular are Oriental massage.

I. a) should b) would c) may d) can

ii. a) have b) has c) had d) was

iii. a) in b) on c) beep at d) for

iv. a) or b) and c) but d) for

v. a) a b) an c) the d) any

vi. a) but b) and c) or d) for


passage.

There (I) ____________ a survey (ii)___________ the popular forms of music and how the

taste (iii)_____________ music differs (iv)____________age. about one hundred persons (v)

____________ in the three age groups (vi) ______________ interviewed on their musical

preferences.

I) a) has been b) have been c) had been d) was

ii. a) for b) about c) on d) in

iii. a) in b) on c) at d) about

iv. a) in b) on c) at d) with

Gap - Filling

36

Literature Reader 1

Ext. 'Next morning, coming out of our hotel, we saw our friends bent over shoeshine boxes

beside the fountain in public square, doing a brisk business. We watched for a few moments;

then as trade slackened we went over. They greeted us with friendly faces.'

a) Whom does the narrator refer to as 'our friends'?

b) What were the 'friends' doing?

c) What does the phrase 'trade slackened' mean?

Ext. 'The following afternoon we drove to the tiny village set high upon the hillside.'

(a)Who all went on the trip to the tiny village?

(b)What was the village they had driven to?

(c)Why was the narrator surprised at the end of the journey?

Short questions :

a) Why were the narrator and his companion impressed by the two boys?

b) What made this narrator think that they were earning much?

c) Do you think the boys looked after Lucia willingly? Why? Why not?

d) How did the war affect the boy's family?

Long answer questions : (value based)

(a) Two Gentlemen of Verona deals with the importance of family relationship. Comment.

(b) “Tough days never last but tough people do.” Comment on this statement with

reference to the two boys.

L-2

Ext.1 “And their triumph and rejoicing found a ready echo in the heart of Mrs. Packletide;

already that luncheon party in Curzon street seemed immeasurably nearer.”

(a) Who is rejoicing in these lines?

(b) What is the meaning of 'triumph' and 'rejoice.' What was the reason of 'their' feeling

joyous?

(c) What were Mrs. Packletide's plans for luncheon party?

Ext.2 “Circumstances proved propitious.”

(a) What circumstance is referred to here?

37

(b) How did the circumstances prove propitious?

(c) What does the word 'propitious' mean?

Short questions

(a) Who was Loona Bimberton? How did she become famous?

(b) What was Loona Bimberton is reaction at Mrs. Packletide is fame?

(c) How did Louisa Mebbin blackmail Mrs. Packletide after her tiger hunt?

(d) Why did Mrs. Packletide give up the big game hunting?

Long answer(value based)

'(a) Vanity comes before a fall.' Justify this statement in the light of Mrs. Packletide's story.

(b) The author aims to create a satire on the pretentious upper class society through this

story. Discuss.

L-3

'But for the faith and love that warmed him, he couldn't have borne the bitter cold.'

(a) Who is 'he' in this line?

(b) Why was he at the post office in the bitter cold?

(c) What gave him the strength to brave the bitter cold?

2.But when the evening of his life was drawing in, he left his old ways and suddenly took a

new turn.

(a) The phrase 'evening of his life' means

(b) 'His old ways' refers to ..

(c) The main reason for 'a new turn' in his life was...

Short questions

a) Why did the old man visit the post office every day?

'b) How did Ali react when the post master behaved very rudely with him?

c) What did Ali do to ensure that he would get his letter even after his death?

d) How did the post master changes his haughty temper?

Long questions (value based)

a) Words can heal, words can hurt therefore, it is essential to speak with humanity. Bring

out this message with reference to the story 'The letter.'

b) Ali displays qualities of love and patience. Infact, all human beings are essentially like

38

Ali. Taking reference from the story 'The Letter' comment on the fact that Love is zest of life.

L-4

Don't talk silly. There's no one can hurt you. (Victoria goes out reluctantly) we'll see if he's

locked the receipt up in the bureau.

(a) Who is Mrs. Slater speaking to?

(b) Where does Victoria go and why?

(c) Which receipt is being talked about?

2. “Now Amelia, you mustn't give way. We've all got to die sometimes or the other. It might

have been worse.”

a) Who is the speaker of these lines?

b) What prompts the speaker to say these words?

c) What does he mean when he says 'it might have been worse'?

Short questions :

a) Why were Mr. and Mrs. Jordan visiting the Slaters after so many years?

b) Briefly describe the character of Victoria in The Dear Departed?

c) Henry says, “I suppose it's in the family.' Why does Henry make this comment and what

does it reflect about the two sisters?

d) What are the three things grandpa plans to do on Monday?

Long answer (value based)

a) The play'The Dear Departed' is a satirical comment on the nature of human beings.

Elaborate.

'b) Old people deserve to be treated with great care and love.' Justify the statement in

about

80-100 words.

39

Poem 1

'Oh! The nightingale confessed.

Greatly flattered and impressed

That a critic of such note

Had discussed her art and throat.'

a) Who is the 'critic' here? Why did he discuss the art of the nightingale?

b) What was the problem with her art according to her 'critic'?

c) Explain ............ 'a critic of such note.'

Short questions :

a) How did the creatures of Bingle Bog react to the frog's singing?

b) Bring out the irony in the frog's statement ................... your song must be your own.'

c) Why is the frog's joy both sweet and bitter?

d) Do you think the end is justified?

Long questions (value based)

a) What message does the poet convey through the poem. 'The Frog and the Nightingale'.

b) Frog symbolizes the cunning and crafty people who can go to any extent to achieve

their goal. Elaborate.

Ext.2

Now the frog puffed up with rage.

"Brainless bird- you're on the stage-

Use your wits and follow fashion

Puff your lungs out with your passion".

a) Why was the frog angry with the nightingale?

b) What effect does the frog's anger have on the nightingale?

c) What advice did the frog give to the nightingale to improve her performance?

40

Poem 2

1. Now I am lake. A woman bends over me,

Searching my reaches for what she really is

Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon

a) What is the woman bending over?

b) Why does the woman bend over?

c) Why have candles and the moon been called 'liars'?

'

2. 'I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.

She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.

I am important to her. She comes and goes.'

a) What does the phrase 'agitation of hands' means?

b) Why does the woman start crying?

c) What does this reveal of her character

Short questions :

a) What traits does the mirror associate itself with?

b) What is the mirror busy with most of the time? Why does it flicker?

c) Who are the liars in the poem “The Mirror”? Why does the woman turn to those liars?

d) Why is the mirror important to the woman? What makes her feel like a terrible fish?

Long Answer : (value based)

a) In the poem, “The Mirror,” the poet underlines the misery of an ageing woman when

she sees her reflection in a mirror. Explain this statement in the light of the fact that

ageing is a natural process and we should accept our old age gracefully.

b) Do you agree that mirror is like a god and a lake? Justify your answer.

Poem 3

'But you shall shine more bright in these contents

Than unswept stone, besmear'd with slutlish time

a) Who is 'you' in the above lines?

b) Explain 'unswept stone' in the above lines?

c) Why does the poet refer 'time' as being slutlish ?

2.So, till the judgement that yourself arise you live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes.

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a) Who is speaking these lines?

b) What does the expression 'you live in this imply?

c) What does the expression 'so, till the judgement, that yourself arise mean?

Short Questions :

a) What comparisons does the poet draw between the poetry and monuments?

b) Why is the war wasteful?

c) Why does the poet call 'time' slutlish?

d) How will the poet's friend dwell in lover's eyes?

Long Answer

a) The poem is all about unsurmountable power of time. Explain.

b) Shakespeare, in this poem talks about two destructive forces. What are those and how

does he manage to save his love from their clutches?

42

A SHADY PLOT

Extract Based Questions

Read the extracts given below and answer the question that follow.

1. I hadn't the shade of an idea, but at the time that didn't worry me in the least. You see, I

had often been like this before and in the end things had always come my way- I didn't in the

least know how or why. It had all been rather mysterious. You understand I didn't specialise in

ghost stories, but more or less they seemed to specialise in me.

(a) In which shade does the passage show the narrator?

(b) In which field is the narrator a specialist?

(c) What do you mean by 'mysterious'?

2. I found others who had suffered similarly, and between us we organised 'The Writer's

Inspiration Bureau.' We scout around until we find a writer without ideas and with a mind soft

enough to accept impression.

(a) Who founded the 'Writer's Inspiration Bureau'?

(b) Why was the Bureau formed?

(c) What do you mean by 'scout around'?

Short Answer Type Questions

Answer the following in 30-40 words.

1. What did Hallock tell himself when his mind had reached a state of imbecility? Who

answered this question?

2. How did John conclude that the woman in his room was a real ghost?

3. Hallock's meeting the ghost was by chance. What chanced this meeting?

4. What kind of works were ghosts in the past assigned to?

5. What was Hallock's premonitory chill?

Long Answer (Value Based) Type Questions

Answer the following questions in 80-100 words.

1. Traitor, traitor. “Why she says it's you, Mr Hallock. What does she mean? ... Lavinia

stopped and began to look at me through narrowed lids.

Do you think Lavinia is justified in basing her suspicious on the Ouija Board? Give

reasons for your answer.

2. “You'd never guess in the world. It's the duckiest, darlingest' Ouija board and so cheap!

Got it at a bargain sale. Why, what's the matter, John?”43

Why are some people crazy for new and unusual things? Is there any intrinsic or perennial

value of fads in life? Write your answer in about 80-100 words.

3. Jenkins always seemed to have an uncanny knowledge as to when the landlord or the

grocer was pestering me, and dunned me for a ghost. And somehow I'd always been

able to dig one up for him, so I'd begun to get a bit cocky to my ability.

Why do people write? Do you think they are exploited by publishers? If yes, how?

Respond to all these things in a letter to your younger brother who wants to take writing

as a career.

4. Family relationship sometimes undergoes checks and trials. The best way to overcome

such trials is to be frank with each other.

5. One should not take other's words on their face value and suspect the integrity of dear

ones. Elaborate with reference to the story 'A Shady Plot’

VIRTUALLY TRUE


Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

'

1. My Hero!' she squealed. “Take me away from all this.” Behind me I could hear the

dragon roaring. “Rescue me now.”

(a) Which game was being played?

(b) Where was she imprisoned?

(c) The word 'squealed' means.....

2. But it was too late. The boy had slipped and was tumbling back through the air, down to

the concrete below.

(a) What was too late?

(b) Why did the boy slip?

(c) What do you mean by 'tumbling'?

Short Answer Questions


1. What had happened to Sebastian Shultz? How was he at present?

2. When did the first video game Wildest become complicated?

3. Who was the second sheriff? How does the narrator describe him?

4. How did the second game appear to be more real than virtual?

44

5. What did Shultz suggest to Michael to save him? What happened when the narrator

swiped a skeleton's e-card?

6. How did the two prisoners out distance the guards and dogs?

Long Answer (Value Based) Questions


1. In today's world, 'Virtual' is a happening word. Virtual games, virtual transactions are all

part of the real world. Based on the reading of the story 'Virtually True', write a paragraph on

the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual world.

'

2. Virtual' means something which does not really exist but only seems to exist. It has no

reality in real time and space but only exists in cyber space. The story written by Paul Stewart

highlights the story of Michael who plays psycho-drive and interactive games. You are a

student of class 10th. After reading this lesson, write an article on 'The Future of Virtual

Reality.'

3. Answering a reporter's question as to what the family was going to do next, Mr Shultz

said that they were off to stock up on some games.

Computers, especially computers games, are a rage with childrens as well as adults. They

play an important role in our lives but they are also a major distraction and have their hazards.

In about 80-100 words, write an article on the hazards of addiction and how to overcome it.

4. The story 'Virtually True' depicts a world of immense possibilities, resulting out of a

synthesis of human intelligence and the artificial intelligence of computers. Write a short note

on how computers games enhance and promote solving meeting, challenges etc.

5. Do you think computers games such as the ones played by Shultz and Michael can be

used to teach or inculcate any positive values among children? Give reasons in support of

your answer.

OZYMANDIAS



1. I met a traveller from an antique land

Who said : Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert.

(a) What did the traveller chance upon?

45

(b) What was his reaction?

(c) The word 'trunkless' in the extract means.......

Or

(a) Who told the past about the two vast trunkless legs of stone?

(b) Where did the two meet?

(c) Give an antonym of 'antique'.

2. Who said : Two vast, and trunkless legs of stone, Stand in the desert.

(a) What had the traveller seen?

(b) What part of it still stood?

(c) Give an antonym of 'vast'.

3. Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and

the heart that fed;

(a) Whose hand is being referred to here?

(b) What is the reference to 'Which yet survive'?

(c) Give a synonym of 'mocked'.



1. Apart from the trunkless legs, what else did the traveller see there?

2. What idea do you get about the person whose statue lay in a dilapidated state in the

desert land?

3. Describe the expression of Ozymandias as captured by the sculptor.

4. Why did Ozymandias get such pompous and bombastic words, inscribed on the

pedestal?

5. What idea do you form about the traveller from the poem?

6. Why do you think Ozymandias got such a colossal statue carved out?

7. Highlights Ozymandias' short-sightedness?

Long (Value Based) Answer Type Questions


1. The sculptor reads the passions of Ozymandias and transports it into his work of art.

What do you understand about the character of King Ozymandias? What traits of the

sculptor can be imbibed towards developing one's craftsmanship skills?

2. The poem 'Ozymandias' highlights the hollow conception of who that objects such as

statues, monuments and memorials can immortalise him. How far do you agree with

46

this perception? Explain with reference to Ozymandias'. What, in your opinion, can make a

man immortal?

3. “There is a great man who makes every man feel small. But the real great man is the

one who makes every man feel great.” In which category of great men would you place

Ozymandias? Why? What qualities should a person have, according to you, to be really great?

Give an example of one such person from real life.

SNAKE

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow

1. Being earth-brown, earth-golden

from the burning bowels of the earth

On the day of Sicillian July, with Etna smoking.

(a) What do you learn about Sanke's appearance from the above lines?

(b) Why does the poet makes a reference to 'Etna smoking'?

(c) What do you mean by 'burning bowels'?

2. And voices in me said, If you were a man

You would take a stick and break him now, and finish him off.

(a) Which voices does the poet refers to?

(b) What does the voices tell the poet to do?

(c) What do you mean by the phrase 'finish him off'?


1. What made the poet feel honoured to have a snake at his water through?

2. How does the poet react on catching sight of a snake near his water-trough?

3. Do you think the poet was really afraid of the snake? Give reasons for your answer.

4. Will you say it was cowardice which prevented the poet from hitting the snake? Give

reasons.

5. Why does the poet feel that the snake must be killed?



1. I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean act!

I despised myself and the voices of my accursed human education.

The poet repents throwing a stick at the snake. He finds fault with the education he had for his

47

deplorable behaviour and dual attitude. Write a letter to your friend justifying the above

statements in the light of general behaviour of people.

2. The courage and the consequent hospitality that the poet displayed expose his

wickedness and cowardice, more than anything else. Discuss.

3. DH Lawrence's poem 'Snake' presents a conflict of human values-the natural ones and

the acquired ones. Do you agree?

4. Imagine you are DH Lawrence. Write a diary entry describing how you were in two

minds- whether to kill the snake out of fear or to feel honoured to have him as a guest.

Mention your sense of regret and guilt for your act of hurling a clumsy piece of wood at it.

5. How does the poet satirise human education in the poem 'Snake'?

THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT HARINER


Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow.

1. The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared,

Merrily did we drop

Below the kirk, below the hill,

Below the lighthouse top

(a) How was the ship cheered?

(b) Explain 'Merrily did we drop.'

(c) The word 'kirk' means...........

2. With slopping masts and dipping prow,

As who pursued with yell and blow

Still treads the shadow of his foe,

And forward bends his head,

The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast,

And southward aye we fled.

(a) What is the storm described as?

(b) In which direction did the storm push them?

(c) Give an antonym of 'foe.'

3. The ice was here, the ice was there,

The ice was all around:

It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,

Like noises in a swound!

(a) What happened to the Mariner's ship?

48

(b) Name the figure of speech used in the second last line.

(c) The word 'swound' means.............

4. “The sun now rose upon the right:

Out of the sea came he,

Still hid in mist, and on the left

Went down into the sea.

(a) Who came out of the sea?

(b) Describe the weather in the above lines.

(c) What is 'mist'?

5. About, about in real and rout

The death- fires danced at night;

The water, like a witch's oils,

Burnt green, and blue, and white.

(a) What do you understand by 'real and rout'?

(b) Where did the death –fires danced?

(c) What happened to the water of the ocean?



1. Whom does the ancient Mariner stop and why? How do his looks affect the person

addressed?

2. What is a bassoon? How does it affect the Wedding-Guest?

3. As the story progresses the Wedding-Guest suddenly beats his breast. Why?

4. What happened to the ship soon after it was given warm send off?

5. What happened when the ancient Mariner's ship reached the equator?

6. What is an Albatross? What happened to it?

7. How was the arrival of the Albatross a good omen?

8. What do you understand by 'the furrow followed free'?

9. What painful experience did the Mariner undergo in the “the silent sea”?

10. In what way did the sailor react to the killing of the Albatross?



1. 'Punishment does catch up with the sinner although. It may be delayed sometimes.'

Comment on this statement with reference to the poem.

49

2. What were the mariner's reaction to the killing of the Albatross? Do you think that the

sailors were justified in the punishment they meted out to the ancient Mariner.

3. What is the lesson that the Mariner has learned from the terrible act of killing the bird?

4. How does Coleridge use Christian or biblical references to weave a mortal into 'The

Rime of the Ancient Mariner.' Is the moral itself Christian? Why or why not?

5. Why do you think the ancient Mariner kills the Albatross? Do his actions make him

unusually cruel, or do they connect him to the whole of humanity?

JULIUS CAESAR



1. And you are come in very happy time,

To bear my greeting to the senators

And tell them that I will not come to-day:

Cannot, is false, and that I dare not, falser:

I will not come to-day: tell them so, Decius.

(a) What do you mean by 'very happy time'?

(b) What did Caesar wish to send the message.

2. “Brutus(Aside): That every like is not the same, O Caesar, The heart of Brutus yearns to

think upon!”

(a) What does Brutus mean by 'that every like is not the same'?

(b) Why is Brutus yearning?

(c) Yearn means to ...................

Short Answer Type Qusetions


1. What does Calpurnia's pleading show about her?

2. What impression do you from about Caesar at his refusal to be crowned?

3. How can you say that Caesar loved his country?

4. Antony was a skilled orator. Elaborate.

5. Were the conspirators right in what they did?

Long Answer (Value Based) Type Question


1. “Well here is the will with Caesar's seal that gives seventy-five drachmas to every

50

Roman.” Caesar left personal treasure, his garden, for Romans. As Anita write a letter to your

friend highlighting the qualities of a good leader.

2. Death did not hurt Caesar more than being stabbed his dear friend. Friendship is a

bond of trust between two people. Do you think Brutus was a true friend? What qualities do

you think a true friend possess?

3. “Cowards die many times before their deaths;

The valiant never taste of death but once.”

Many people are full of fear and doubts. They fail to

make any headway in life. Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to shed

unnecessary fears if he wishes t make progress in life.

4. “If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him I spuf thee like a car out of mu way.”

Caesar was indeed an able General and a brave conqueror. Do you think gave him the right to

be arrogant and over confident? Give reasons for your answer highlighting how this proves to

be his undoing.

5. Caesar I never stood on ceremonies,

You now they fright me. There is one within.

Besides the things that we have heard and seen

Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch.

After reading the play and analysing Calpurnia's character, you realise that many people fall in

the of superstitious. Write an article whether or not believing in such things is a trait of an

intellectual person.

51

Novel

Q1. How did Helen killer lose her faculties of seeing and hearing?

Q2. Describe the incident when Helen was about to be burnt up?

Q3. Give a brief character sketches of Helen Keller's father.

Q4. Describe the incident when Helen keller locked up her mother and her teacher.

Q5. Describe the incident when Helen's aunt made a doll for her.

Q6. Why did Helen break her doll?

Q7. Describe Helen's encounter with nature

Q8. Which subject did Helen not like? Why?

Q9. Helen Keller read and studied out of doors. Elucidate.

Q10. What happened to the canary presented to Helen?

Q11. What made Helen call Boston “The City of kind Hearts”?

Q12. Describe the incident with Nancy.

Q13. Where and how did Helen have her first History lesson?

Q14. Describe the episode of horseshoe crab.

Q15. Short cuts are inviting but it must be used with all caution and proper care. Comment.

Q16. Describe Helen's encounter with nature in its new white attire.

Q17. What was the strong desire that ultimately enabled Helen to speak.

Q18. The world was rude to a budding writer. Elaborate with reference to Helen.

Q19. Helen was impressed by the wonders and beauties of Niagara. Explain.

Q20. Why did Helen feel an uneasiness in writing?

Q21. Why was Helen hesitant and reluctant to study Latin grammar? How did she develop

interest?

Q22. What were the things that Helen found 'a joy to learn'?

Q23. How did Helen take her examination.

Q24. What difficulties did Helen face when she took her final examinations for Radcliffe

College?

Q25. Are there any disadvantage of college? Do you endorse Helen's views?

Q26. Sum up Helen's views about examinations.

Q27. Helen preferred reading herself. Why?

Q28. In what way did Helen read books after books? What did she not like in the stories?

Q29. “I used to wonder why gods permitted men to do wrong and then punished them for

their wickedness”- why did Helen say this?

Q30. According to Helen “Great Poetry” in any language needs no interpreter but a responsive

52

heart only. Explain.

Q31. What kind of relationship exists between the writer and her books?

Q32. How did Helen overcome her isolation.

Q33. Do you find any truth in the description of city life and slum life as given by Helen?

Q34. Describe the sail-boat experience of Helen.

Q35. Helen had a special attachment towards trees Elaborate.

Q36. What did Bishop Brooks teach Helen?

Q37. Give a brief description of Alexander Graham Bell.

53

Creative Writing

1) You are Taruna/Tarun. You are holding a small party at your residence. Place an order

with 'Sweet Confectioners' for the party. You had recently seen their advertisement in the

newspaper for free home delivery. Mention this and include other details of the order.

2) Rohtak university is running a correspondence Course in MBA. Write a letter to the

Director, Correspondence course study centre, Sonepat requesting for a brochure and

prospectus. You are Madhu/Madhav of Delhi.

3) You are Amita sood. You saw an advertisement about a course in spoken English,

published in 'The Hindu' by 'A to Z in English'. Nehru Place, New Delhi. You wish to join the

course. Write a letter to the advertizer, inquiring about the details you require.

4) You purchased a Frost-free Godrej Refrigerator from 'AKASH' Company, Jaipur. After

using it for a month. You found that the freezing section is not functioning. Write a letter to the

Sales Manager, Complaining about it. You are Raja/Ragini, 20,Lake view Road, Jaipur.

5) Develop a story in about 150-200 words with the following beginning. Give a suitable

title.

a) Krishna lal, a farmer in a small village of kutch disrict, Gujrat was standing in the middle

of his fields and was looking at the parched land with tears in his eyes.............

b) It was a scary cold winter night. Raman was in a hurry. There was hardly anyone on the

road.............

c) Amit's board exams were just round the corner. He was an average student but

hardworking.............

6) The number of tourists going to the hill stations is increasing. This has led to their

commercialization and its ill effects more and more hotels, garbage, effect on the life of the

locals. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily expressing your concern over the situation.

7) You are Manav. You are distraught about the rising number of crimes against women.

Write a letter to the editor of a national daily expressing your concern on the issue.

8) You are Chandan. You are unhappy to see that many Vendors and shopkeepers keep

the eatables uncovered. Ignorant people eat these things and suffer from serious diseases like

typhoid, jaundice etc. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper expressing your concern on

the issue.

54

English Class X.cdr

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