English Bachillerato Prep Course - Live Lingua

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English Bachillerato Prep Course A Guide to Preparing Students for the Ministry of Education’s Graduation Exam

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By Megon Coon, Ken Ferrell and Kevin Klott Peace Corps TEFL Volunteers

Costa Rica !!

More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Dear Fellow Volunteers, All high school seniors (11th grade for liceo and colegio académico, or 12th grade for colegio técnico) must pass the English graduation exam (bachillerato de inglés) in order to graduate from high school. This exam focuses entirely on reading comprehension skills, and without adequate preparation, passing this exam can be a major challenge for native Spanish speakers.

Students are allowed two and a half hours to complete 70 multiple-choice questions. They will encounter 16 or 17 reading texts with two to six questions per text.

The names of the subjects in the table below are listed as they appear in the Ministry of Education (MEP) curriculum. The subjects are also listed in order of appearance on the exam. In this manual, we have changed some of the subject names for simplification but the content remains the same.

Also included in the exam is a short grammar section that focuses on important grammar topics such as antonyms and synonyms, prefixes and suffixes, linking words, conjunctions, homographs, and homophones.

Important reading comprehension skills for the test include: deducing meaning from context, finding key words within a text, focusing on general meaning (not the meaning of every word), and understanding how modal verbs change a sentence’s meaning. Some important test taking skills for the test include: reading questions first to identify required information, using a process of elimination to discount nonsense answers, and identifying important words or phrases that can alter a question’s meaning (not, isn’t).

The purpose of this manual is to provide the lesson plans, worksheets, and practice readings an instructor would need to conduct a preparatory course for the English bachillerato exam. The vocabulary outlined in the course was taken directly from past exams in order to best prepare students for actual language seen on the exam. The lessons were designed to be conducted mostly in Spanish, considering the low level of spoken English of many high school students. Good luck!

Megon, Ken and Kevin

1. Achievements of Our National Athletes 2. Costa Rican Art, Music and Crafts 3. Costa Rican Typical Food 4. Types of Food (recipes) 5. Eating Habits and Behaviors at the Table 6. Holidays and Celebrations in Costa Rica and Other English Speaking Countries 7. Causes and Effects of the Misuse of Natural Resources 8. Travel 9. Common Illnesses and New Diseases and Epidemics 10. Our Democratic Tradition 11. Careers, Jobs and Lifestyles 12. Science and Technology 13. Morals and Values 14. Mass Media and Communication


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sELEccr6N 0nrce'\Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 11,2, 3,4, 5 and 6).

SPECIAL OLYMPICS FROM COSTA RICA

Erick, a 33-year-old swimmer and the oldest son of Eli6cerZumbado and Aracelly Mora, was happy when he received thenews that he would be one of the five new members of theCosta Rican Sports Hall of Fame. Erick is the first athlete with a disability (Down

syndrome) who is.part of the Hall of Fame. He attributes his achievement to hishard work and dedication to training and swimming tournaments under the guidanceof his trainer Heriberto Cespedes. Erick gets up at dawn from Monday throughSaturday to travel from his home in Vuelta de Jorco in Aserrl to Desamparados towork until 3:00 p.m. at the Labor Workshop of Good Will lndustries. After work, hegoes to Barreal de Heredia to train from 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m: swimming 3,700meters. He began swimming at the age of 14, in 1989, when his parents d6cided toenroll him in a recreational swimming program in Heredia. Without realizing it, theywere setting out on a road of success for the entire family. "Knowing that Erick hadDown syndrome was very painful because it is something that you never expect.We.were ovenrvhelmed at first, but we faced it," Mrs. Mora remembered. lnstead ofbeing disappointed, she and her husband accepted the situation and resolved togive Erick the opportunity to grow and succeed. Erick has won 48 medals'in localcompetitions, as well as nine awards in three Special Olympics World Games:Connecticut (USA) in 1995, North Carolina, USA in 1999 and Dublin, lreland, in2003.

,. .t .' ' ., .,'1) Howold'was Erick when he started training?

A) Just nineB) FourteenC) ThirtythreeD) More than fourteen

lN11-08More free material online at LiveLingua Project

2') For how long has Erick,been swirnming?

A) Since 1g9SB) For nineteen yearsC) For thirty-three yearsD)'Sinee.hgiiias sgventeen

'tl,l' : . . .- ,.it

'* t''l' '

3) \A/hat type of program did Erick's parents enroil him?

A) AdvancedB) BeginnersA!C) Professional

I D) Entertainment

4) How many medals has Erick won until now?

A) Around fourteenB) Less thal forty-nineC) More than forty eightD) Less than thirty-three

5) \Mrere does Erick go to train? He goes to train to

I A) Guadatupe- B) DesamparadosC) Vuelto de JorcoD) Barrealde Heredia

6) What time does Erick train?

A) ln the eveningB) ln the afternoonC) Very early in the morningD) ln the middle of the morning

2tN11-08More free material online at LiveLingua Project

t!

sELECcrOru 0nrCR

Read the text below.

T:\ADRIAN ROBERT: THE LEGEND

Adri6n Robert Bonilla was born onr March 24, 1966 in Barrio Escalante,. San Jos6,Costa Rica. He is Hilda Bonilla's and Fernando Robert's'

youngest son: As a child, Adri5n was very healthy andenergetic. Adri6n has four brothers, Fernando, Daniel,

.:Enrique,' qnd Arturo. They taught him how to ride.motorcycles. The first time ,he rode one, he was

eleven years old. All the males in the Robert familyhave almost'the same physical appearance, mainlythe shape of their face. That is why many people

' get confused, and they are not.always sure aboutwho is who,in the Robert family.

AdriSn is a very skillful motordycle rider who has won 39 national competitions and 1,5

Latin American tournaments. He is considering retiring pretry soon frorn motocross. Hewill continue participating in motocross tournaments just for fun but not to compete.

Transtated a:nd adapted from'La NablOn ny Virgina Jara.

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence.(ltems from 1 to 5)

1) Adri6n Robert is considered a very successful motorcycle rider because he

A) is healthy and energeticB) has won many championshipsC) has won more than 39 national championshipsD) has the same physical appearance as his brothers

/

t\

rN11-09More free material online at LiveLingua Project

2) This outstanding athlete has raced'not only. in Costa Rica but also in :

A) Barrio EscalanteB) foreign countries

"C) his countryD) San Jose

3) The writersaysthat:Adriin is.thinking of , , , ,,

; 1,. ,,t .: ...

, A) practicing this sport as a pro{,essional' B)' retiring gpm competitive racing '

lC) racing motorcyclesD) havi4gafamily . '

,

4) Adri6n had his first experience as a motorcycle rider when he was a(n)

A) adultB) teenagerC) young boyD) elderly man

.

5) Adridn has

A) won more national than international competitions -B) won more internationalthan local competitionsC) ridden motor.cycles professionatly all of his lifeD) "gotten confused during many competitions ,

|N11.09 .2More free material online at LiveLingua Project

SELECCION UNICARead the text below.

:

NATTONAL SURFTNG CHAMPTONSHTPSCosta Rican summer has arrived in Jaco. Each year the countryls best

talents fight against waves that occasionally reach great heights.. - Diego Naranjo, Jason Torres, and.Gilbbrth Brown were the

national champions in the Men's Open Category in 2007.. Germain, "Nino" Myrie, was the national champion for the first

time, in 2003. "Nino", came out on top after a rough final heat. "lwant to compete well," he said at that moment; by mentioning "to compete well",he meant to fight against experienced and talented competitors. Thesecompetitors are former national champions with other international titles. So,"Nino" attacked each set as if it were the last one,. until he finally wo0"Torres, who was tne former Pan-American Jur$or Champion, won second placein the 2006-2007 National Circuit. He said, ulrly goal is to i<eep competing inALAS (Asociacion Latinoamericana de Su4, by making my surfing moreconsistent, radical, and strong."

Copa Mango, the name .of the weekend contest, was inaugurated in the 2OOT-200S natjonal surfing s.eason. The waves.have been much higher than thoseseen on the beach tor many weeks. "Despite the strong onshore winds, thewaves were really cped, fun and "surfable" for a competition," said LisbethVindas, a talented srirter who took first place in the Worhen's open Category.

Adapted fronl Beach Times, 200g


1) "Nino" has won a national surfing competition

A)B)c)D)

oncetwiceevery yearthree years ago

,ir €ir '.:i'4. :::.&-4

lN41-10


2) Jason Torres,

A) took second place at the Pan-American Junior ChampionshipB) won the Pan-American Junior ChampionshipC) was awarded the National Circuit gold medal$ took first place in the Men's Open -Category

3) :'"GopA Mango"is th'etname of- ' ' in Costa Rica.

A) a beachB) a surfing copJest

,, tC) a surfin$championD) the firqt championship

4l "surfable" in the specific situation of the reading means ":A) good for a surfing competition'

B) bad for a surfing competitionC) too high dangerous wavesD) strong winds :

tt

r 5) Lisbeth Vindab was the

' A) bestB) slowest '

C) youngest :

E) least talented

in the Women's Open Catego.ry.

-,-/'.'. T'

tN41-10


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Sports

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


.'\sELEccton 0rurcR "

Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to compiete each sentence.

1) Alejandro wap first inspired to play chess

A) at the age of 13B) when he was 15 :

C) when he was four years oldD) at the same age Bobby Fischer was

2) Alejandro's dad

A) is a Costa Rican chess championB) taught his son how to play chessC) studied in the United StatesD) inspired Bobby Fischer

2

ALEJANDRO RAMIREZAlejandro Tadeo Ramirez Alvarez (born in SanJose,. Costa Rica, June 21, lgg8i is a cnessGrandmaster:. He was inspired to become aghep player after watching ihe movie 'searchinglg1 QoOny Fischef'when he was four yearc olOlHis first and only chess {eacher was his father; hethen developed his own style. Ramirez becamean lnternational Master at the age of 13, andcompleted the requirements for the Grandmastertitle at lhe age of 1S, becoming the firstGrandmaster ever in Central America and theyoungest Grandmaster in America at that time.He oblained the Grandmaster tifle at a younger

3g:"j:i: p^":ly,,ll":l."J l,,l=rf,..ArejTdro is luent-il-$;r,.rh "'rj L".,dri3i,Presentty, he studies at the university oi T"*a, "t o"urs iuTd;;ilr;il#il;;::lgit*_p,-_ol?,_ql lhu most presiigious academic scnorar'rnipr-in the United:Rl"j#:j*,i,:lTlf:",:"s_cfess"ara ,;ti"ili"ra -r""ir;;';ith"'uffi",,!i,y'"1

,"^"::*[i.llojf:-:l-?:1lrr_r_"I".: area, grgvidina i;d,',"rti",ii"'ric]'ilffi:,,,to parents who are interested in achievemenis in chess.


3) , Aleiandro got motivation to play chess

A) after a;meeting with Bobby Fischer

B) when he was a little child

C) at the age of thirteen

D) on June 21,1988

4) When Alejandro was fifteen years old, he

A) watched a movie about Bobby Fischer

B) develoPed his dad's stYle

C) learned to sPeak English

D) became a Grandmaster

5) Alejandro Ramirez

A) has been the youngest Master of the world

B) defeated BobbY Fischer's father

C) speaks two languages

D) was born in Dallas :

6) Alejandro

A) gives lectures at the UTD

B) got a scholarshiP to studY

C) motivated Bobby Fischer to play chess

D) obtained a MasteCs degree in McDermott


SELECCION UNICARead the text below.

->-- _jt__ .rt/<Female Surfing Competition in Jh"'#

Recently, Lisbeth Vindas, the five-time national fenrale c;heis;pion since2001, took one of the first places in ilre national srrrfing ccnr.esE. Gn thesame day as the Fernale Open Final Surfing Cr:rrrpeirtilrr-rr Vindasspent nearly two hours taking the naiiona! mathen.iatics *xam ir;

Quepos' Lisbeth says, "That day I arrived jtrst r'ive nrinuies i:rlfoi.e thecornpetiiion-" This was because the femai*: final competitrr:ntcok plact: iir.Ja c.&, atorvntocated nearly two hours south of euepos. Vindas renrembe?s tnai she was a littledistracted that day. she adds, "Ail r had in my head that rlay \{/ere riuinhers.,, rn spite cfthat stressful start, she celebrated two victories: winning first place in the ccr;-npetitionand passing the math exam.Another ouistanding athrete is Nataly Bernold who, at fourteen, becamethe youngest Costa Rican female surfing champiorr to v.rin the r:aiionaichampiqnship in the open Division. she also tock first piace rec*ntiyi n the Junior Female Category. Vindas says tlrat Bernclcj's st,rccessfulchampionship is good for nationat surfing, for it shaws that Costa p.icarrfemale surfers are placing well in local competitions, and thai ycung lccal taierits arek>ecoming excellent ailrletes, ready to cornpete internationelly.

m5i.R.s;f.ryS!.rGlsi$Ef,_.:..:

8aifrom

ed on the text above, choose the appropriate optlon that cr::nlpleies each sentence. (rtems1to5)

1) The text is about two

exceptional examsathletes' bietgraph ieswater and indoor sportsnational surfing champions

A)B)c)D)

lN31- -o9T

-:'-

.*::l{i


r, : 'IEllllg***!ii !r"::;;:.ry'

t'

2) Lisbeth Vindas has

' A) lostB) wonC) competed in onlyD) just participated in

'five surfing competitions.

3) Bernold's best achievement at fourteen was to

A) be better than LisbethB) win over and over agalnC) be the yor-rngest girl from JacoD) become an awardeci surfing champion

4, Lisbeth was the

A) best surfer of the Female Open Surfing CompetitionB) newest surfer in national competitions \C) smartest maih studentD) worst suder in Jaco

5) According to Vindas's own words,'she wasday of the surfing competition.

A) leaving her town

C) taking the national math examD) deciding to stop con-rpeting in surfing

lN3n-no.

the same


sElEccroru 0ucaRead the article and choose the option that answers each question correcly.

ALVARO SABORIO LEADING SOCCER PLAYER

Alvar,s Saborfo Chac6n born on March 2lth, 1gB2 is aGosta Rican:soccer player, .who currenfly plays striker forDeportivo Saprjssa of the Costa,Rican soccer league.Saborio was the leading goal-scorer of the 2003-200t4Costa Rican season finishing the year with 25 goals, fiveabove Whayne Wilson.H,e is also an irnportant player for the Costa Rica nationalsoccer team at numerous levels. He represented the U-23 team at the 2004 Olympics, scoring the qualifying goalthat took them there, and subsequenfly playing 3 of 4games for the team, scoring a goal against portugal. Hehas also been capped for the full national team, playingfor the team during 2006 World Cup.With Saprissa, he has won a national championship anda CONCACAF Champions Cup, and was part of the teamthat played the 2005 FIFA Club World ChampionshipToyota Cup, where Saprissa finished third behind SaoPaulo Futebol Clube and Liverpool F.C. At thetournament, he scored two goals and ended up tied with3 more players as the top scorers.

1) Whdt was Saborio's highest achievement in the season 2003-200 4? To

A) finish his contract with Deportivo SaprissaB) own the Costa Rican Soccer LeagueC) score a total of 2lgoalsD) meet Whayne Wilson

2) What teams has he played for?

A) Saprissa and the U-23B) Liverpool F.C. and PortugalC) Olympics and Liverpool F.C.D) Sao Paulo Clube and Saprissa

2


3) What soccer championship did Saborio's team win?'The championship

A) CONCACAFB) 2004 OlymPics

Cl FIFA Ctub World ,D) Sao Paulo Futebol Cluber

4) what intemational toumament did he participate in? The

A) ToYota

B) PortugalC) 2}OzWorldD) National Team

5) What was Saborio's most recent achievement? To

A) play against WhaYne Wilson

B) finish third in the ToYota CuP

C) score 2 goals in the OlYmPics

D) be part of the National'Team in the World Cup

Where has Saborio scored rRore goals? ln

A) OlympicchamPionshiPsB) national tournaments

, C) Liyerpool, EnglandD) world cups

!I

cup

6)

3


SELECCION UNICARead the following text

JUAN ARNOLDO CAYASSO

Cayasso played in Qosta Rica.for two teams, starting out in L.D.

Alajuelense in the early 80's, and later switching to their arch-: rivals Saprissa before the 1988 s,eason. His transfer caused a lot

of national attention, due to the fact that he was considered one of the most talented

players in Costa Rica at the time.

Cayasso won'several national championships, both with Saprissa and Alajuela, as

well as two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles, with L.D. Alajuelense in 1986 anci

with Saprissa in 1995. He also played regularly with Costa Rica's National Team,

and he is usually remembered for scoring the first Costa Rican goal in a World Cup,

against Scotland during the 1990 Worfd Cup. During the early 90's, Cayasso played

in the German Bundesliga with Stuttgarter Kickers, and later came back to Saprissa,

where he retired. Then, he coached the soccer,team in Limon,' his,hometown, inCosta Rica's second division.

Adapted from www. e n.wikiped ia. orglwikifiu a n_cayasso


1) Cayasso began playing soccer with the Alajuela Team

A) in the BOs

B) befor:e 1980C) in June,1961D) in the early 90's

rN21-09

#h'uffigrf {.

x'WjJuanArnoldo.Cayasso,bornonJune24,1g61,isaCosta- "'-ryf,j f nican soccer player who shone during the 1980s and 1990s.


2) Juan Arnoldo Cayasso

A) played in ScotlandB) played only in Costa RicaC) never won a championshipD) scored a goal in a World Cup

3) After playing in,Germany, Juan Arnoldo played for

A) Saprissa _ .,

B) AlajuelenseC) Lim6n'S team''D) StuttgarterKickers

4, During the 19Sfs and 1990s, Cayasso

A) became the trainer of LimonenseB) was the Stuttgarter Kickers'best player

, C) became the only champion of AlAjuelense'D) 'was known as one of the best nationalsoccer players

n,

5) Cayasso retired when he was playing

A) with SaPrissa I' ' ' ,

B) with the Bundbsliga :

C) in the second divisionD) only with the nationalteam

rN21-09 2


Claudia Maria Poll Ahrens holds a distinct place among Costa Ricans, as the only Costa Rican to ever win an Olympic gold medal. As a short-distance swimmer, she also has won more Olympic medals than any other Costa Rican. She attained this status during the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, winning the 200-meter freestyle. Later, at the 2000 Sydney Games, she won two bronze medals. Her gold was not only the first for a Costa Rican, but for any person from Central America.

Poll was born in Nicaragua on December 21, 1972 to parents who had emigrated from Germany. Her family moved to Costa Rica when she was very young after an earthquake and rising political tensions. Her family includes her older sister, Silvia, also an Olympic medal-winning swimmer. Aside from swimming, Poll graduated from university with a degree in Business Administration in 1998. She had her first child, a daughter, in 2007, just a year after setting records at the Central American and Caribbean Games. 1. Claudia Poll’s parents are from what country:

a. Costa Rica b. Nicaragua c. Germany d. Spain

2. Claudia Poll won her first Olympic medal in which city: a. Sydney b. San José c. Athens d. Atlanta 3. In total, Poll has won how Olympic medals: a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 1 4. Claudia Poll represents the country she was born in, in the Olympics. True False 5. Claudia Poll is the only member of her family to swim in the Olympics. True False 6. Claudia Poll was not the first Central American to win a gold medal. True False 7. In what year did Poll give birth to her first child? __________________


During his career with the Costa Rican national soccer team, Paulo Wanchope scored 45 goals, the second most in the history of the team. He is one of the most famous soccer players in Costa Rica’s history, not just for his goals on the national team, but also for his play for professional clubs in Europe. Born Pablo César Wanchope Watson in Heredia in 1976, he was known as Paulo Wanchope as a player. Wanchope began his soccer career with CS Herediano, a soccer team playing in Costa Rica’s top league. When he was just 20 years old, he was signed to play for Derby County of the English Premier League. He played for Derby County with great success for two years and was then sold to West Ham United, where he enjoyed another two successful years, and then was sold to Manchester City.

During his time at Manchester City, Wanchope suffered multiple injuries to his knee, but still scored some important goals for the team. After seven seasons in England, Wanchope played professionally in Spain, Argentina, Qatar, Costa Rica, Japan, and the United States. He was never able to play as well as he had before his knee injury though. On the international scene, Wanchope achieved his greatest success in the 2006 World Cup, when he scored two goals in a single game. He also played in the 2002 World Cup. Wanchope retired in 2007. 1. Paulo Wanchope played for all of the following teams except: a. CS Herediano b. Manchester United c. West Ham United d. Derby County 2. Wanchope’s best moment in international soccer occurred during the: a. 1998 Gold Cup b. 2002 World Cup c. 2006 World Cup d. 1998 World Cup 3. Wanchope played the majority of his career in:

a. Costa Rica b. Spain c. England d. Argentina

4. Wanchope suffered injuries while playing for: a. Malaga b. West Ham United c. Manchester City d. Derby County 5. How many goals has Wanchope scored for the Costa Rican national team?__________ 6. The first foreign team Wanchope played for was: ______________________ 7. How many World Cups has Paulo Wanchope played in? _____________


Hanna Gabriel Valle is a Costa Rican world champion boxer. She is the current world champion in the junior middleweight (70 kgs) category for the World Boxing Organization. She was born in 1983 and was raised in an athletic family; her father was a boxer and her brother is a professional soccer player. As a teenager, Hanna competed in track and field, but injuries forced her to stop running. After many years without competing in any sports, Hanna’s father recommended she start boxing to stay healthy. She began competing in 2007 and won her first fight by knockout. Her career record is 11-0-1 and she has won six of her fights by knockout. She first won a world championship in 2009, but soon lost the title. After again winning the junior world championship in 2010, she has successfully defended it twice. 1. Gabriel is the world champion for what category? ____________________ 2. Who inspired Gabriel to begin boxing? __________________ 3. What is the weight limit for Hanna Gabriel’s boxing category? _________________ 4. Gabriel has won ______ fights by knockout a. 7 b. 11 c. 1 d. 6 5. What is Hanna Gabriel’s brother’s profession? a. personal trainer b. boxer c. soccer coach d. soccer player 6. When did Gabriel first become a world champion? a. 2011 b. 2007 c. 2009 d. 2010


Bryan Ruiz González is an internationally known soccer player from Costa Rica. He currently plays for FC Twente and the Costa Rican national team. He has occasionally been the captain of the Costa Rican national team. He plays as a forward but can also play as a midfielder. In two years playing for Twente he has scored 33 goals. He has also scored nine goals for his national team. Ruiz was born in 1985 in San José. He began playing professionally for Alajuelense, a team in Costa Rica’s top professional league, when he was 18 years old. After playing three seasons with Alajuelense, Ruiz moved to KAA Gent of the top league in Belgium. He would play two seasons there, and would be the team’s top scorer and captain during one of those seasons. He then moved to his current team, Twente. During the 2009-10 season, Ruiz was the top scorer for Twente and helped them become the champions of the top league in the Netherlands. 1. Bryan Ruiz is always the captain of the Costa Rican national team. True False 2. Which of the following teams has Ruiz not played for? a. Alajuelense b. KAA Gent c. Twente d. PSV Eindhoven 3. During which season did Ruiz lead Twente in scoring? a. 2008-09 b. 2007-08 c. 2010-2011 d. 2009-10 4. How long did Ruiz play for KAA Gent? ____________________ 5. What position does Ruiz play? ____________________


Rolando Fonseca is one of the most famous players in Costa Rican soccer history. His 47 goals for the Costa Rican national team are the most by any player in the country’s history. He has played for the national team during most of two decades and finished his international career in 2011 with 112 appearances. Professionally, he has had a long and successful career both in his native Costa Rica and abroad. At three different times, he has played for Comunicaciones of the Guatemalan league. He played for both Saprissa and Alajuelense in Costa Rica, winning two championships with Saprissa and four with Alajuelense. Fonseca will be remembered both for his great goal scoring ability and his longevity, playing top-level soccer for more than twenty years. 1. Fonseca only played professional soccer in Costa Rica. True False 2. Fonseca won more championships with Alajuelense than with Saprissa. True False 3. Rolando Fonseca played for Comunicaciones multiple times. True False 4. How many games did Fonseca play for his nation’s team? a. 112 b. 47 c. 147 d. 201 5. Fonseca’s career could be described as: a. short and prolific b. long and average c. successful and brief d. long and successful


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Read the text and choose the alternative that completes each sentence correctty.

7) The artist Margarita Bertheau

A) had no success with oil paintinEsB) contributed to Costa Rican artsC) rnanaged only one techniqueD) made just a couple of murals

MARGARITAB.ERTEI.EAU' , ' ",iONE OF CO STA RICA' S IVtrO,ST' F.f*IgE Am_ffXggg',l

t

:Margarita Bertheatr was born in: I j

. t,:San Jos6, Costa Rica in fgil'B and jdied in 1975. She stu'died artistic, j ipainting and:ballet in C-trba,,sp6 .is'1 ii

. ,...,1iColombia. Fler aonttib-uttlon to,the' ,1:!

ballet in Costa 'Rica.: was , !:. ., '. i ,,.,'aimportant since; .in: adi1ition, to i

being a professor and a choreographer at the Ballet Academy, she d,es-igned, ,',i

of the.board of the School of, 'il:,iArts of the University of Costa Rica in 1942. Her teaching of the watercotor, : :j

technique and the force of her personality, manaEed to create a true school inthat dispipline. For the first time in Costa Rica she was allowed to, teaeh. withnude models.'Her pictorialwoik is vast and varied. lt shows not only a,diversity'of '''l'!subjects and techniques, but a wonderful use of color and gr-eat freedom in,,,the'outline and claroscuro. She used the watercolor technique most, but her oilpaintings were also of great success. She made a series of rnurals',to-the,jresh t' ,i

air of very well obtained dimensions. She also painted abstract works, althoqgh , jthis technique was not very popular in her time. I ' , ';;;'

"j.'

}

4


8) Bertheau was the first artist who could

A) create a ballet academy in Colombia

B) study artistic Painting in 1913

C) have a limited'Pictorialwork

D) use nude models

9) Margarita Bertheau used

A) a varietY of subjects

B) only the human figure

C) just the watercolor technique

D) numerous mountain landscaPes

10) Margarita Bertheau was. works at her time.

A) the last

C) one of the few.

D) one of the manY

She held an honorable Position

A) in the Colombian Ballet AcademY

B) at the Universrty of Costa Rica

C) at the School of Arts in CubaD) in the School of DisciPline

in her paintings.

artist(s)'in Costa Rica who painted abstract

5


Read the text. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.

4More free material online at LiveLingua Project

tF*

6) One of Sarchils greatesttourist attractions is its

A) unusual tour busesB) multicolored churcfrC) handmade factoriesD) delighttul light btue square

7l The

A) size and,shapeB) indoor decor:ationsC) olors ad designsD) numerous fumishirgs

8) Many touris$'mm6 to $archi

A) to buy handmade fumitureB) to sell handmade craftsC) in delighttul blue colorsD) on a traditional oxcart

9) The

A) church fumiture factoriesB) small square villagesC) olors of the churchD) handmade oxcarts

.;'of the chureh are relatd to those of &e orcar'ts.:.

have turned into Sarchi's most significant art crafl

ri More free material online at LiveLingua Project


Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to complete each sentence.(ltems from 6 to 10)

6) A web site an online virtual gallery to feature various artists.

A) offersB) needsC) closesD) prepares

lN21-09 3

ART GALLERY IN COSTA RICA:; To find a small, quaint art,galtery in Costa Rica, one

' must be willing to search. 'Especiafly now that rainy

online gatlery, Sylvia Rodriguez, director of The Fine Arts Cellar, has bridged a gap

between CentralAmerican artists and art enthusiasts around the world.

The Fine Arts Cellar has two different f,acets: the physical gallery in the eastern San

Jos6 suburb of San Pedro and the on-line gallery,at ww-w.lneaftcellar.com

The small gallery spice is like a hidden treasure. During a visit last month, large

paintings by Costa Rican artist Marianela Salgado filled the space with an exhibit

entitled "Unnumbered Series". The paintings were largg, textured, colorful and full ofhidden images and symbols, Her art is unique !n the sense that the more you look atit, the more subtleties you encounter. tF

r days seem like they are here to stay, leaving thei{ cornforts of home to go in search of good art can be aA i comforts of home to go in search of good art can be au \ challenge. But imagine the possibility of viewing and

l

! purctrasing high-quality contemporary art and design


;;::. C) ''impnobable::' ' \,

,,.,-1 ,D), 'a disad,teritage :

'l

'i... : I F. .,, l;ii:,:' : r l: r

8) Sylvia Rodriguez : : the Fine Arts Cellar'j

A) owns, B),' manages ;i: .,i ,:; .

' : : G),- 6ssitned ', i ., t ., ' '

'o) exhibited in .

7) ln Costa Rica it is

B) :possible ,

10) The Fine Arts Cellar

A) will rent a galleryB) bought paintingsC) searches placesD) has its location

,!

to buy pieces of art through the lnternet.

j

in San Pedro.

: '-' : l - ' l: : ' : '' i : :'

9) . , Marianeta Salgado's works of ariare

. .1',,,A) . Purcllased.fast ,

B) lacking texture, C) full of symbols

' ' D) without color '

4lN21-O9


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Art and Music

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


TICO TRUMPETER IN INTERNATIONAL GOMPETITION

A Costa Rica, trurnpeter is one of five semi-finalists invited to compete in Ellsworth Smithlnternational Solo Trumpet Competition inBirmingham, Alabama. Luis Miguel Araya, fromAlajuela, stands to win a first-place prize of$10,000 or a second-place prize of $5,500 in anevent With notable trumpeters from around theworld.Araya is one of Costa Rica's most distinguishedplayers of classical and Latin music for thetrumpet. He has played in ensembte and solobefore audiences in Venezuela, sweden, Japan, puerto Rico and the Unitedstates. He started his musical training at the conservat"ri" c"r;;, ;;;;the University of Costa Rica, then earned a Master of Music from LoyolaUniversity in New Orleans. Presently, he is Second Trumpet w1h the CostaRican National Symphonic Orchestra and teaches at the National lnstitute ofMusic.Luis Miguet Araya was invited to compete after submitting an uneditedrecording of his music for evaluation, and will stand oft "grinrt four othermusicians, two from the United States, one from Canada and the fourth fromHungary. This event is held every four years and is sponsored by thelnternational rrumpet Guird and the columbus Foundation of ohio.

Read the article and choose the alternative that best answers each question.

n Where will the trumpet competition be?

A) ln AlajuelaB) ln AlabamaC) ln Costa RicaD) Around the world

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8) Where has Araya played the trumpet? ln

and CanadaA) JaPan

' B) Venezuela and Paris

C) Hungary and Sweden

D) Puerto Rico and JaPan

9) What will the Prizes consist of?

A) Classical and Latin music':B) AtriP around the world

C) Large sums of moneY

D) Notable trumpets

I

10) when do the organizers develop this intemational competition?

A) Every four YearsB) After receiving a Prizeof $5,000

C) Before audiences play in Venezueta I

D) Before submitting unedited recordings

11) What does Luis Miguel Araya do in the present? He plays

A) with the Columbus Foundation

B) the fourth trumPet in Hungary

C) with a sYmPhonic orchestra

D) in New Orleans

5


PRE.COLUMBIAN GOLD COLLECTION

Museum offers tourist inforrnation, gruided tours for groupS, and, a gift lop: Here,

visitorsrcan find a variety of works by Costa Rican artisand: books, publications- and

replicas of the: gold pieces with profound symbolic content and expressions of the

mythological thought of indigenous groups. Representations of varied fauna and, humans with animal attributes demonstrate thei 'blending' of real and mythological

worlds. According to indigenous belief, what"was interestind waq n-oi the anirnaf itselfbut its essential qualities. Costa Rican gold$miths primari!;{ depicted birds, toads, and

frogs in their designs, both as individual figures and as forming paf of human figures'Without a doubt, the ornaments that accompanied warriors and .priests

in special

activities, such as wars, were a fundamental part of their personalities, representingguidance, protection and defense for their communities.


Based on the te.xt above, choose the appropriate optiorl to complete each'sentence-(ltems from 6 to 10)

6) ln the museum, there is an exhibit of three different collections.

A) cerdmics, urban design, and indigenous figuresB) mythology,"goldsmiths, and human figur.esC) ornaments, warriors, and protectionD) gold, ceramics, and fine arts

.ttN11-09N 3More free material online at LiveLingua Project

7) , lf one of the gold pieces in the exhibit catches your interbst, you can,'A) look for a duplicate in,the gift shopB) show the figure of animal attributes: C-) repr:oducb an object in the gift shop'D) demonStrate their mythological world

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8) lndigenousipeopleblendedreal world, \--.-.: -.--'- I . l

A) Qirds; joads and frogs

- B) fauna'ahd mylhologyC) animals and',humansD) lndians and humans

9) The exhibitio4 of this collection is sponsored by

A) indigenous groupsB) Plaza de la CulturaC) Pre-Columbian artisansD) the Central Bank of Costa Rica

'.

10) Besides the exhibitions,'the museum has other sections like

A) a gift shopB) an additional bankCj a room for priests and personalitiesD) the war protection and defense community

to join:mythology and the

rN11-09N.More free material online at LiveLingua Project

NATIONAL SYMPHONY ORCHESTRAVISITING JAPAN

The National Symphony Orchestra has had a great experience in Japan for a week.

This Symphony Orchestra gave four concerts that featured works of Costa Rican

composers such as Benjamin Guti6rrez and Eddie Mora. Preceding the shows inthat country, the National Symphony Orchestra offered a couple of concerts toinaugurate a Music Hall in France. Accompanying the orchestra were the renownedpianist Jacques Sagot and soprano lvette Rojas.

ConcertS culminated in a performance at Kobe lnternational House, on September12, after a series of presentations in several Japanese cities including: Kanazawa,Fukui, and Aichi. The visit was sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and

Sports, several Costa Rican companies, as wetl as by the Japanese government.

Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (7, 8, 9, 10 and.11).

7) How many performances did the National Symphony Orchestra offer in theinauguration of the Music Hall in France?

A) Just twoB) Almost fourC) Around twelveD) More than three

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3tN11-08


8) why did the National symphony orchestra go to Franee?To participate in the launch of

A) Eddie Mora's workB) drawing exhibitionsC) a musical auditoriumD) a nationat muiicat festival

9) What do Benjamin Guti6nez and Eddie Mora do? They

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10) According to the writer, where did the National Symphony Orchestra perform thelast concert? ln the

A) Music HallB) Japanese parkC) Kanazawa companiesD) lnternational House in Kobe

,. C 11) Based on the reading, how was the National Symphony Orchestra's experience?A) OutstandingB) Not very niceC) A litfle fantasticD) Not really great

A) are music writersB) are piano performersC) accompany the groupD) rnanage the orchestra

4tN11-08More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.

7) The National Theater was built because

A) architects from Belgium donated it'B) President Figueres said it was importantC) a famous singer had nowhere to performD) Costa Ricans wanted to see a Paris Opera

\3

THE NATIONAL THEATER

The world-renowned prima Donna, Adelina I

appeared with a traveling opera companyGuatemala, but could not perform in Costa Ricabecause there was no appropriate theater. lnresponse, newly rich coffee'merchants financedthe construction of a theater with a tax on everybag of coffee exported from the country. Belgian architectswere called in to design and supervise the building, and the metal structurewas ordered from Belgian mills. Painters and decorators were brought from ltaly, alongwith that country's famous marble. The National Theater was inaugurated in 1894 with

$unod's Faust and an"opening-night cast that included singers from the Paris Opera.A source of cultural pride, the theater was made into a national monument in 1965.

Extensive restoration work has recently renewed its beautiful ceiling paintings and

sumptuous d6cor.Costa Rica's National Youth Symphony Orchestra was inaugurated in 1972 by ex-President Figuere's famous quote: "We need to concern ourselves not only with thestandard of living but the quality of life as wetl. Why have tractors without violins?"Many of the young musicians trained in the Youth Symphony have graduated toparticipate in the National Symphony, which pe.rformed in the National Theater.lnternationally famous guest directors and soloists were often featured.

tN11-0712


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9) :erchiGct$,,ftora, 5 $upervised the-building of the National Theater.

8) According to the *ritert

11) According to the text,Theater.

A) tax on coffeeB) Belgian architectsC) presider{t Figueres'D) the National Symphony

Theater

A) EveryoneB) Only well known artists

.!::,. i:C) Newly rieF,rcof_@$r.orruersD) Just paint+r*:aRddbebetors

A) ltalyB) FranceC) BelgiumD) Costa Rica

could perform atthe National ::

paid for the building of the National

10) ' Materials used to build'the.National Theater were brought from

- A) ltaly and FranceB) Belgium and ltalyC) France and BelgiumD) ltaly, Belgiurn, and France

4tN11-0712


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Read the a(icle and choose the alternative that best answers each question.

I{E CARIBBEAN CU

The caribbean cuisine is very well recognized, in Lim6n and all overthe country due to the mastery in the preparation of delicious dishes.Making use of rich condiments and ingredients characteristic of theAfrican legacy, they are combined with the flavors of different regionsthat, like their people, obtain an exquisite mix. The traditions have L""ntransmitted from one generation to another one, and stiil the youngestgenerations know and maintain the traditional and authentic flavor oftheir meals.

To travel to Lim6n and not taste its delights is like not going at all. lnorder to try the true Lim6n taste you must have a ,lrond6n,,, ,,rice andbeans", "pati", and the "agua de sapo", a refreshment prepared withlemon juice, molasses (a dark brown syrup produced during the refiningof sugar), ginger roots and something erse... famiry secret, ."rn* ,r,we don't have to recommend a restaurant to try the Lim6n derights, atany small "soda" (cafeteria) you can have a great fish with caribbeansauces, patties and sweet homemade desserts. The locals in everytown are the best gastronomic guides and they can recommend thebest places and foods to order.

6


\

HowhasthemixofdifferentlegaciescontributedtoCaribbeancuisine?It has Provided

many condiments and flavors

a very limited legacY

a few ingredientsno traditions

shavecontributedtotheCaribbeancuisine?13) What culture

A) OnlY the African

B) OnlY the new generation

C) Those from Africa and other regions

D)Cultureswithoutauthenticflavorsintheirmeals

14)WhatcharacteristicsdefinetheCaribbeancuisine?

A) Poor preparation with lack of traditions

B) Non-authentic flavors and few condiments

C) Diverse ingredients and proper preparation

D) The absence of African and regional legacy

15) which traditional recipe has a "secret ingredient"?

A) Rice and beans

B) Agua de saPo

C) Rond6nD) Patti

A)B)c)D)

7


I e'.-$'-i(n


' Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question.(ltems from 11 to 15)

11) What ingredient do l'rondon" and rice and beans have in common?

A) CassavaB) CoconutC) Sweet potatoD) Baked chicken

Every culture has used the flesh and milk of the coconutin its own way. "Not shy" is one 'way to describe thecoconut milk presence in many Caribbean stews anddishes. For example, the famous "rondon" or "rundown",

, a traditional Afro-Caribbean dish from the Caribbeanprovince of Limon, is usually made for a large group. "Rondon" is a seafood stewfeaturing local tubers such as "yucca'r (cassava or manioc) and "camote" (a type bfCaribbean sweet potato). The stew is gently simmered and'exquisitely spiced with

"cinnamon, allspice, ginger, coffee and hot chilies. The Caribbean version of curry,"rond6n" is a must when visiting Puerto Viejo and Cahuita.Another exarn;ie of the coconut's use is rice and beans, Limon's delicious "gallopinto", made with, refreshing coconut milk, diff€rent spices and,peppers, regularlyaccompanying baked chicken with coconut glqvi: ln other parts of Costa Rica, thecoconut is r*- ed . r sweets and desserts. Look for classic "cocadas" or delicious"tartaras" which are baked in pastry of coconut and molasses.

tN21-09 5


A) Two' B) Five

',',E)'J,fq1gg ': ': I

,13) ''Should people use flavsr':t'd nrake, rice:4rd beans?: ; ,, ''' I A). " Yes', they'shou'ld use flavors.

D) No, people do not need any flavors at all.

,14) ,What is !rpnd6n'made of? lt is prepared with

I A), ,,fiCe,and fleSh fish ,,,. ' " , ,

C) refilled hot peppersD) chicken full of curry

15) Which one of the dishes has Afiican roots?

A) "Tdrtaras"B) "Cocadas" . .

C) "Rundoffi"D) "Gallo pinto" : ''

rN21-oE 6 ':


The Pear-Shaped Fruit

ln the southern. United States,"chayotes" areknown as mirlitonor christophene.1-hey appear in a

number of recipessubstituting squashcooking.The pear-shapecl fi.uit is pale or darkgreen, and pecple eat it as young andtender 4O-tlay_ol,j baby fruits (which arecrunchy, slveet ancl fast lo cook) or aslarger, fuily rnature, gO_day_old, fist_sizedfruit, mCIre v.va,tery,,, usually thorny and withtough skin, vueighirrg up to 500 gramseach CIr ffore. -i-hir ,,chayote,, root is atuber delicacy thal can replace rootvegetables *clrclr as potatoes, cassavas orsWeel potatuei.

complernenting andiri Creoie and Cajun

T-he "cha_vi:te's,. so_called bland flavorallovr-s it to receive a certain amount ofa ggressivc sea-soning iviihout losing anyof its character. -l-his, along with its uniqueshape aniJ versaiility, adds style ande\otic flavor to dishes from all over ther1rr:rld. lts relatively low cost is an added

bQnu-*.

rN3 -l -o9T

Adapted from the lnternet

3,n:1:* l?:"t?f below, choose the appropriate oprion to comprete each staterns;.11.

11) "Chayotes" arethey are futty mJtureC

A) sweetB) smoothC) fteshy and spinyD) crunchy and pale

12) ln the United States,usually substitute

christophenes

A) squashB) potatoesC) cassavasD) sweet potatoes

' 13) A tender ,,cha1rote,,

A) cooks rapidlyB) is more wateryC) has hard dark skinD) weighs up to 500 grarns

14) A characteristic of the ,,chayote,, is thatit .---J -

-tIIIIII

A) has a sour flavorB) replaces root vegeta b lesC) changes flavor without seasoninqD) keeps its own quality even if spiced

15) The price of a mirliton is consideredvery

A) inexpensiveB) unaffordableC) inconvenientD) unreasonable


Empanadas Throughout Costa Rica, small restaurants and stands can be found selling

empanadas. These small stuffed pastries, (like a turnover) which are baked or fried, are an incredibly popular dish in Costa Rica. In general, the most popular empanadas in Costa Rica are made with corn dough and filled with cheese, or cheese with seasoned meats. Somewhat unique to Costa Rica are empanadas filled with cubed potatoes or with rice and beans. Sweet empanadas are made with wheat flour and in Costa Rica are normally filled with pineapple, guava, or squash jelly or dulce de leche (a caramel like sauce).

Empanadas trace their roots from the Spanish word empanar, which means to coat in bread. They trace their roots to Northeastern Spain and Portugal during medieval times. These original empanadas were usually filled with seafood and vegetables. It is thought that they were inspired by samosas brought by the Arabs, when they ruled the Iberian Peninsula. Brought to Latin America by Spanish colonists, they are now a mainstay throughout Costa Rica.

1. Sweet empanadas are often filled with ____________________________________ 2. Empanadas come from ______________ a. France and Italy b. Portugal and Spain c. Mexico d. Spain and Italy 3. Empanadas are a type of ___________

a. cake b. pastry c. pasta d. cookie

4. In Costa Rica, empanadas are filled with meat and cheese. True False 5. It is believed that samosas were brought by the Persians to Spain. True False 6. The only way to prepare empanadas is to bake them. True False


Popular throughout the coastal regions throughout the Americas, ceviche is a seafood dish made with raw fish. Ceviche is made by marinating raw fish in citrus juices (like lemon or lime). Chili peppers, onion, salt, and pepper are put into the citrus juice to add flavor. Ceviche is almost always prepared fresh, and traditionally it took about three hours to marinate completely, but now there are faster ways to prepare it. Various types of fish or other seafood are used depending on the region, and different regions eat ceviche with different side dishes as well.

It is thought that ceviche was first made in Peru in the 16th century, as the local foods and foods brought over by the Spanish colonists were combined. Because Peru was one of the major centers of the Spanish American colonies, the dish spread quickly throughout the region. Ceviche only recently gained popularity in the United States, even though it had been eaten for centuries throughout the rest of the Americas. 1. Ceviche is served the same way throughout Latin America. True False

2. It is thought that ceviche was first made in Spain. True False

3. Ceviche has been popular in the United States for a long time. True False

4. The fish used in ceviche is usually cooked first. True False

5. Ceviche is popular in what type of regions? a. mountainous b. rural c. hilly d. coastal 6. Ceviche used to take how long to make? a. 2 hours b. 4 hours c. 3 hours d. 30 minutes 7. What fruit is used to make ceviche? a. apple b. pineapple c. lime d. grape


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Costa Rican Food

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

DO YOU WANT TO ENJOYEATING OUTSIDE?

"La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers Youthe most varied typical food in its fourlocatipns around San Jos6. Maincourses are served on woodenplatters covered with banana leaves.Troops of waiters serve portions offood of all shapes and sizes to largefamily gatherings, most consisting ofthree generations. High chairs areprovided for the tots, and a sPecialkiddies' menu is available and servedwith a variety of trimmings. However,there is no seafood on the menu. Allmain courses come with rice, refriedbeans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain,picadillo (diced potatoes orvegetables, or a mixture of both). Therestaurant is not licensed to servealcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), butoffers a selection of non-alcoholicbeverages such as: horchata, freshfruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.

14) La Casa de Dofia Lela is a

A) vegetarian restaurantB) sea food restaurantC) typical restaurantD) fruit market

15) Banana leaves are used to

A) serve alcoholB) cover plaftersC) serye seafoodD) provide the tots

16) The menu of this restaurant

A) includes seafoodB) includes vegetablesC) doesn't include drinksD) doesn't include food for kids

17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant,allowed to sell

A) alcoholB) picadillosC) agua dulceD) refried beans

it is not

7


Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).

COMPARING EATING HABIT$

The main difference between Chinese andwestern eating habit is that unlike the

West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placedon the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host beprepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of

,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinesehost uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign ofpoliteness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is.lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leavethe food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, laythem on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine tothem contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and isequivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

19) Chinese people

A) are very proud of their, gastronomic cultureg) Oistite to have a variety of food on the tableC) have problems showing the use of their utensils

1) like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls

20) According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they

A") ask guests to sit downserve guests their beverageskeep an enjoyable conversation with their guestsput food in the guest'bowl with their own chopstick

B)0s)

lN?1-nR More free material online at LiveLingua Project

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Read the recipe.to 19)

Rice and Beans:Caribbean Gallo Pinto

To make this recipe, you need:

1 lb ricelz lb beans (red or black eye)1 garlic cloVe and a dash of thyme1 large cocbnut or 1 bag of shredded

coconut

Preparation:Blend the coconut flesh (not thecoconut milk) with two cups of warmwater.Cook the beans with the previousmixture, one garlic clove and a dash ofthyme, in a large pot. lf necessary, addwater. Cook until beans are tender(one hour approximately). When beansare done, add rice, mix, and cook untilrice is done. lt is better if rice is cookedin the oven because the dish gets moredelicious.

Note: Traditionally, red beans are usedto serve this dish with chicken andblack beans to serve it with fish.

rN31-097

Taken from "Costa Rican TvpicalFoods"

Choose the appropriate option that completes each staternent. (rtems from 16

16) To make the recrpe you needthe amount ofrice than the amount of beans.

A) halfB) tripleC) doubleD) one tiiird

17) To cook the beerns, __the pot.

A) add rice tr:B) add coconut rnilk toC) mix ali of thr: iisteci ingredients irD) porir the water anci coconut

initturu,r itr

1B) For tastier "F?.ic{: eer:,J P'eans," you' should coclk tlie rrce

A) in the ovenB) for an hourC) with chickenD) in a large pct

The dish is ready to enjoY when1e)

A) ycu edd spices;B) the rice is cocii*.jC) the beans 4..* i*::ncie:rD) you put it in the oven


, Read the information. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.

ROMPOPE: A TRADITIONALHOLIDAY TREAT

l-lere's an easy recipe for rompope (eggnog), a

traditional holiday beverage in Costa Rica.

The recipe produces five liters and takes thirty

minutes to prepare

lngredients:3 cans evaporated milk (400 g)

2 cans sweetened condensed milk (397 g)

5 cups water

7 eggs

lzlsp. nutmeg

*:"?::: I,TDirections: Beat the evaporated milk,

condensed milk, water and eggs for 5

minutes. Heat on low heat for 20 minutes,

stirring constantly, without letting the

mixture boil. Add nutmeg and remove from

heat. Cool, and then add rum. Refrigerate

until served.

By Sonia Cordero, Tico Times

aLtle#

*F

15) You needmake rompope.

A) honeyB) six eggsC) sugarcaneD) two types of milk

16) To make eggnog you need morerum than

A) waterB) nutmegC) condensed milkD) evaporated milk

17) Nutmeg is added

A) after refrigeratingB) during beating timeC) when the mixture boilsD) before removing from heat

to

6lN11-0712


lRead the recipe and choose.the appropriate option that compretes each statement accordir

to it. lttems from 16 and 17)

How to Make Brownies

. To make this reciPe, You need

Yz teas:Poon baking Porrude rlz cuf

-chocolate Powder

1 YzteasPoons'vanilla"/n cuP margarine% teasPoon salt1 /r. cuPs sugar% cuP flour3 eggs

PreparationMi*'*"tg"rine, sugar, vanilla and.eggs'AJo nori, chocolaie, baking powder, andsalt.Mix again to combine all-tt1e ingredients'Put mixture into a baking Pah'Bake in hot oven for over 40-45 minutes'

They are great with coffee or chocolate!

:16) ln the fourth step of the preparation' you have to

A) pour the mixture into a recipientB) Place'the mixture in an ovenC) bake the mixture into a PanD) mix onlY liquid ingredients

'17\ ln the fifth steP' You

A) mix chocolate againts) bake the mixtureC) add the eggsD) add salt

tttt t-Ogft More free material online at LiveLingua Project

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Food Recipes

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Apple Pie Recipe Preparation Time: 20 minutes Cook Time: 50 minutes Ready In: 1 hour 10 minutes Serves: 8 Ingredients • 1/2 cup sugar • 1/2 cup packed brown sugar • 3 tablespoons all-purpose flour • 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon • 1/4 teaspoon ground ginger • 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg • 7 cups thinly sliced peeled apples • 1 tablespoon lemon juice • 1 pastry for double-crust pie (9 inches) • 1 tablespoon butter • 1 egg white • 1 tablespoon additional sugar Directions In a small bowl, combine sugar, flour and spices; set aside. In a large bowl, toss apples with lemon juice. Add sugar/spice mixture; toss well to coat the apples. Line a 9-inch pie pan with half the pastry. Place apple filling into crust; dot with butter. Roll out remaining pastry to fit top of pie. Cut a few slits in pastry on top. Beat egg white until foamy; brush over pastry. Sprinkle sugar on top. Bake at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for 35 minutes. Increase temperature to 400 degrees Fahrenheit and bake 10-15 minutes more or until crust is golden. 1. The recipe does not need which of the following spices: a. nutmeg b. ginger c. garlic d. cinnamon 2. The time needed to cook this apple pie is: a. 20 minutes b. 50 minutes c. 1 hour 10 minutes d. 35 minutes 3. To make the pie, the apples should be tossed with: a. egg white b. pastry c. lemon juice


d. butter 4. How much all purpose flour is required: a. two tablespoons b. one cup c. two teaspoons d. three tablespoons 5. To begin, the pie should be baked at what temperature: a. 50 degrees Fahrenheit b. 375 degrees Fahrenheit c. 400 degrees Fahrenheit d. 400 degrees Celsius 6. This pie is made for how many people? ________________ 7. The apples used in this pie should be: _____________________________


Potato Salad Recipe Preparation time: 15 minutes Cook time: 15 minutes Serves: 6-8 people Ingredients:

2 pounds red-skinned potatoes, scrubbed and cut into ! inch cubes 3 hard-boiled eggs, peeled and chopped ! cup diced celery 1 medium diced cucumber " cup finely chopped red onion #-1 cup mayonnaise 2-3 tablespoons dill relish or pickle relish 1 tablespoon spicy brown mustard salt and pepper, to taste

Preparation: Cook potatoes in boiling water (with 1 teaspoon of salt) for about 10 to 15 minutes, or

until they are soft and tender. Drain the water and let the potatoes cool completely. Then, combine potatoes, eggs, celery, cucumber, and onion in a large bowl. Stir in # cup mayonnaise, relish, and mustard. Add more mayonnaise, as needed, to taste. Add salt and pepper, to taste. 1. What ingredient needs to be cooked? a. potato b. celery c. onion d. cucumber 2. The onion should be: a. diced b. peeled c. finely chopped d. scrubbed 3. How much mustard is needed? a. 1 teaspoon b. 1 tablespoon c. 2-3 tablespoons d. " cup 4. Which two ingredients need to be prepared the same way? a. mayonnaise & cucumber b. cucumber & onion c. celery & cucumber d. eggs & mustard 5. What type of potatoes should be used for this salad? ____________________ 6. This recipe is for how many people? _______________ 7. How can the cook tell if the potatoes are ready? ___________________________


Chocolate Chip Cookies Chocolate chip cookies are a popular American dessert, and probably the most popular type of cookie in the United States. They were discovered by accident in a hotel kitchen in the northeast U.S. during the 1930s, and spread in popularity during World War II. The original recipe was first published in 1936. Chocolate Chip Cookie Recipe Preparation Time: 20 minutes Cook Time: 10 minutes Ready In: 30 minutes Makes: 45-50 cookies Ingredients

1 cup butter, softened 1 cup white sugar 1 cup packed brown sugar 2 eggs 2 teaspoons vanilla extract 3 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 2 teaspoons hot water ! teaspoon salt 2 cups semi-sweet chocolate chips 1 cup chopped walnuts

Directions Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Then mix together the butter, white sugar, and brown sugar until smooth. Beat in the eggs one at a time, then stir in the vanilla. Dissolve baking soda in hot water. Add to the batter along with salt. Stir in flour, chocolate chips, and nuts. Drop large spoonfuls onto an ungreased pan. Bake for about 10 minutes in the preheated oven, or until the edges are nicely browned. 1. When was the first chocolate chip cookie recipe published? ____________

2. How many eggs are required for the recipe? ___________

3. What must be done with the vanilla? a. stir b. beat c. dissolve d. mix 4. What should the pan used to bake the cookies be like? a. preheated b. ungreased c. greased d. waxed


5. How can the cook tell when the cookies are ready? a. after they rise b. when the edges are browned c. when the chocolate has melted d. after dissolving 6. How much time must the cook spend preparing the cookies? a. 10 minutes b. 20 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 45-50 minutes


Guacamole Recipe Preparation Time: 10 minutes Ready In: 10 minutes Serves: 4-6 people Ingredients 3 avocados - peeled, pitted, and mashed 1 lime, juiced 1 teaspoon salt ! cup diced onion 3 tablespoons chopped fresh cilantro 2 tomatoes, diced 1 teaspoon minced garlic 1 pinch ground cayenne pepper (optional) Directions In a medium bowl, mash together the avocados, lime juice, and salt. Mix in the onion, cilantro, tomatoes, and garlic. Stir in cayenne pepper. Refrigerate 1 hour for best flavor, or serve immediately. 1. How should the guacamole be served?

a. frozen b. cool c. boiled d. diced

2. The onions and tomatoes should be mixed in with which other ingredients? a. avocados and cayenne pepper b. cayenne pepper c. lime juice d. cilantro and garlic 3. What needs to be done to the avocados before they can be used for guacamole? a. washed and pitted b. diced and minced c. juiced and mashed d. peeled and pitted 4. The cilantro needs to be aged before using it for guacamole. True False 5. The onions and tomatoes are prepared the same way. True False 6. Guacamole can be eaten refrigerated or at room temperature. True False 7. The skin is left on the avocados in order to make guacamole. True False


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ry -*.:i *i.*!'r \ii

r'T r:!--fr. r

- .. ran. r i.m I.r i./f RUDE MANNERS AT THE TABLE

Tryingto:summarize some ryOe actions att!_g..tgblq, wewill mentionlhi following tidt fi is rude t --''"*-,-r'* , : :

!

I

chew with your: mouth open.make noise when chewing.sip sgup and hot

fiOuidi noisity,piokup up the plate and eat.break bread'in little,pieces, make pelletsl and.play r,vith.,them. ,' , ,

introduce the whole spoon in your mouth or touch your teeth with it.use bread to,take the,food'using bread, instead of using,'the fork or rpolnPick2 your gums, extracting particles of food from your teeth with thetongue.

'l' pellefs; small round piece.2- to pick: to remove a small piece or pieces of fotod from the gums tf\

Based on the list above, choose thesentence. (ltems from 20 to 23)

2q People should never

A) eal hot soupB) use a fork to eatC) have bread wiih meals,) ..

D), lift the plate to eat from it

21, At the table, it is impotite touA) use bread to take the food.B) hold food with the forkC) eat food with utensilsD) have a spoonto eat

lN41-10

appropriate alternative ts eomplete each


i.

' 22),,,Feople,'strc,uld:'jI

atN41;10


'j;"'i *,&t{

Read,ttie,,tex,t,below, '- t'':1,, ,l': " '

. : .: :

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete eaeh sentence.(ltems from 20 to 23)

20) ' The head waiter usually:, A) checks that the silverware is properly placed

B) haS.a close contact with the customers,C) gives the nqpkins to'the Customers

:D): eais with th€ custbmers ' , r .' j l

21) lt is inferred from the text that: to the type of food ordered.

rN11-09

A) salt qnd p€pperlare usedrB) two types of soda are $erved:.Cl the kind of water is'irnportantD) there is usually a specific type of wine

aecording


22j

...

with'the.,food.

,.,,,i:,A),,:, B):C)D)

'..€itheiwh.:ite,or,t€d# eany kind of drink

- t.l ..: :..1r:;.

all types of winer,,:SOftrUfihli$':. . ;1,.,,' :"

. 1,

.,:.i',8)'.';.pr:efc,i:redwine. . r''.

C) ' choose the drinlqthey want,,,'' D]'.'', choeisgfiihtas'*gffin:'dish

10:ll,,,t,ttiOgli



Based on the text absve, choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.(ltems from 20 to 23)

20) lt is polite to during a family meal.

A) burp at the tableB) talk during the mealC) finish your food fastD) put bones on the tableli:lri .

l:t

ri

iiliIJ

'iiillr::i!.

'C

TABLE MANNERS FOR A

Table manners have changed over theyears, but.some stay here to irnproveour politeness.

FAilIIILY MEAL

The following

etiquette rulesguestq.

are common senseto be followed by the

* Wait for others to start eating. Many families will pray first.

!n a family-style meal, food is passed to the right.* Try a,little of everything - do not take.a lot o{ anything.* lf you do not want something, just pass it on. You do nol need to sby

an$hing." Keep the table and tablecloth as clean as

anything that is not eaten on your plate.* Avoid burpingt and sturpingf because they are consideredrnappropnate.

:* Meals are to be slow and pleasant. Enjoy your food and take part in theeonversation. Try to keep others' pace while eating.

* When you finish eating; thank the hosts for the meal.* Wait for all to finish eating before leaving the table.

.,'Burp: To mnke a noise with the mouth when air rises frorn the stomach and rs forced out.

'Slurp: To drink a tiquid noisily.

possible. Put bones, or

" lN21-09


.1' :

21\,lt, ii'Considered:l'ude,to, l:

.. . "-pul: €dsbn.fourplaie , ,,,':r':::i- r, .: :f i- i | . . :: -r'BJ ' !4[Q ysg'5,time to",eEgV,,fp ;,,,., ..;,.;,,..

,.,C), wai!,,fCIi Others ts start ea,ting : .: : :

,,, D.)i ,,.make.noises while e-ating or:drinking'.,... 1 :: .r' . , r :

..,,,jr . r

.l

' -: .i, .,,,A);,,.finish,eating first ,,, '.,';:.1-,,r ,

, ' 'g,L' ,rr. n'ot .talkjat all durlng,ttre rneai " ' ,,, ,,. ' ' 'C) pass the food dishes to the right

.rD):,' sju!ho, thaiikso,at{d r€turh'whd${dodt like

: : . , .:, l

23) T,he guests should

1N21{g,l

...A),, PfaY, ,, ' ', , -t ,:,B).1 stoP tatking ,, ' : :..::.'::r' ':'1: ii

C) leave the tableD1,,,..rrn"onthe host or hostess for tle'feast

{n


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Table Manners

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Read the text and choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).

GOOD MANNERS THROUGH THE AGES . .

Setting the table properly d,oesn,t have any value if itI

is not accompanied by gooci manners while eating. ltis common to hear parents tell their chitdren: Takeyour elbows off the, tablelo or "Don't talk with rfo-od inyou r mouth !' Belilvg, it.'or noi,, the,se tabJe, rules.-have

put it to your nose!" And what table,rules were common in the 1970s?' The etiquette:

speiialist Emily Post cites a couple of the most popular, "Eat silently,'not noisilyll'and "Teach all children to eat r:ight handed,, evgn if they are lefties!" ln the 1990s; :

table rules are.arlittle more direct, Muw Mitchell, alias Ms, Demeansr, 'reports thatone of her favori{es is "The only proper place for spitting is at the dentist."

19) Even today, parents teach their children thatimpolite.

A) not smelling the food- B) talking before you eat

C) avoiding greasing their fingersD) placing their elbows on the table ./

2q ln the 90ts, experts included a rule against

A) Mary MitchellB) the habit of qpitting ."r'' t IC) right handed peopleD) sitting at the proper piace

IS

orN11-08


Read the article apd choose the alternatives that complete the sentences conectly.I

SETTING THE TABLE

For a formal dinner, experts recommendusing a white or Pastel-coloredtablecloth to cover the table because itinstantly adds a touch of elegance to thegathering. Also a must is anarrangement ar centerpieee, which eanconsist of naturai flowers, a candelabra

if after 5:00 p.m. - or fruits andvegetables for the more imaginative."You have to be very careful if Youchoose a floral araRgement beeausesome have strong scents which,besides bothering the guests, caninterfere with ihe aroma of the food thatwill be served." Raventss de Pubillonessuggests "centerpieces should coincidewith the celebratioR or event that willtake place."

22) For formal dinners, experts suggest coveringthe table with

A) a pastelB) a white pastelC) ads about eleganceD) a soft cslored tablecloth

23) Two good options for a centerpiece are

A) strong scents and guestsB) naturalflowers and fruitsC) colored tableclothsD) foods with aroma

24) The scent of somedisturb the visitors.

A) celebrationsB) candelabraC) flowersD) guests

can

o

{*


Fead the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.: (lten.frclm 20 to 23)

20) The foods that require two utensilswhen eating them are

Table Manners When Eating out

It is very important to know and practicesome table manners while tasting somefood when eating out. Here we havesome tips that might be really useful:

Oysters, as appetizer:Use the small fork angled into thesoupspoon at the right. This is the oneexception to the rule of placing forks tothe left of the plate.

Fish:Use both a fork and a knifp for fish. Thefish fork is usually shorter than the meatfork.

Meat:Use the inner fork and knife for the meatcourse of the meal.

Eiread:Eread must always be broken, never cutwith a knife, Tear off a piece that is nobigger than two bites worth and eat thatbefore tearing off another. lf you getbutter (and at formal events it iscustomarily not served), butter the smallpiece of bread just before eating it.

211 Generally, the fork used

22) When eating out,

23)

A) oysters and breadB) meat and butterC) bread and fishD) fish and meat

meat isfor eating

the {orlused for eating'fish.

A) longer thanB) as large asC) as short asDi shorter than

is the only mealthat f*quires noutensiis to put it into'fhe rnoutlr.

A) oysterB) breadC) nreatD) fish

People have.to choose the utensiltto eat depending'on

F.) the type of foodB) their preferencesC) their quantitY of time to eat

D) the number of utens i ls Placedat the table

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Read the text below-

B_ _"::d on the text above, choose the apfropriate alternative to complete eachsentence. (ttems from 24 to 2g)

24) History records that oxcarts have been part of Costa Rican culture since

A) the XVlll centuryB) sixteen fifty-eightC) nineteeneighty-threeD) the middle of the XIX century

lN41-10

ESCAZTJ'S OXCART FESTIVITY'lwenty-five years ago, the Municipal ,Council ofEscazu established every second Sunday of Marchas the Cantonal Day of the Ox Drivers and theFestival of the Oxcart. ln 2005, UNESCO declaredthe ox driver andrthe Costi Rican traditionai oxcart asl'intangibte patrimony of humanity". Back in 165g, an existingdocurnent certified the existence of two wooden oxcarts'and two teams:of:oxen in Escaz6. During the XVlll century, rich Costa Rican families grew sugarcane and had "trapiches" (rudimentary molasses factories, bringing deep changesin colonial Costa Rica. These conditions promoted agricultural development.Thus, ox drivers settled with their oxcarts not only in Escazri, but in many areas ofthe Ceintral Valley. Coffee growing, by the middle of the XIX century, made theoxcart the most important means of transportation of those days. Nowadays,oxcarts and'ox drivers participate in religious celebrations of the patron Saint indifferent communities, festivals related to localtraditions, and natural resources.ln the National Parade of Ox Drivers and Oxcarts in Escazu, more than 150 oxteams and thousands of tourists meet across from the Town Hall. By 10 a.m.,oxcarts loaded with women dressed in typical costumes start their 3 km journey upto the Church of San Antonio of Escazu to receive the priest's blessing. Marimbamusic and dancing masked figures enliven this popular festivity.

Adapted from La.Nacion, March 200g


?51,., 1,16", National Parade of Oxcarts',tflt,plA.ge

A)',

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the symbol of San Jos6an intangible heritage of hurnanity

af ways.,full, ol women drc,ssg,in,tfpical @sturnes':

,28) Oxcaris and oxdriv€rsf' festival$ he f,eldted to

the rainy seasonreligious festivitiesox drivers' associationsthe communitypf Escazri only

lN41-10 10


.,J

Read the text and choose the correet altemative to comp-lete each statement.

ffiffiffimePeople celebrate Chrjstmas in different ways, depending onthe country where they live and th.e tradifioirs they have.

GOSTA RIEA:Bright, tropical flowers highlight decorations for Christmas.The nativity scene is decorated with electric lights, mossand plants, figures of shepherds, sheep, wells, angels and aeomet. Wreaths of cypress leaves are very popular andthose with a more eecentric taste include coffee berries andbrilliant tropical'plants. The supper, after Midnight Mass, 4consists of tamales, roast pork meat and other local dishes. \G'

THE UNITED STATES:Americans celebrate Christmas with the exchange of giftsand greetings and with family'visits. Christmas begins witnthe Midnight Mass. At Christmas it snows in many states, sodinner is commonly eaten indoors. Dinner is ujually roastturkey, goose, duck or ham served with cranberry iarcu,

plum pudding, pumpkin pie, nuts and'fruit: American honres are decorated with holly, misfietceand branches ot trees and a ehristmas tree with ereetric rights.- --g----_

AUSTRALiA:The holiday eCImes in the middle ef sun:rner. lt's Usual for some parts of Australia to hit .i00

{egnees Fahnenheit on e hilsimas Day. in Sydney, thousands of families prepare their ehristmasdinner and iake it to Bondi Beach. Australians decorate their houses *ith a red-flowereei-leavebushes that are native from Australia.

21) In every eountry n:entioned before,peeple eelcbrate Christmas dependingon

22) in eosta Rica, during ehristmas the

decorations are coiorful .

nativity scene is not popularwreaths are made of tamalessupper includes red coffee berries

A)B)c)E)

their cultural heritageAustralian standardsAmeriean customsgifts and greetings

A)

F)U,'

D)

$ci*i:'-

10


23) In the' United Statee" peoplahave,ig for,din,ner"

A)' OucX tamales with'holly-', r,,,,B) cranberry anO Chleken-iid : ,1,

: . r: :.i:: ' ... :

'Cj "turxey; nuts, and pumpkin PiQ '','

DJ :, turkey- witlr, eo",ffe, f ber:r' res sauqe,

24; , 6utihg ehi'istmag in r Cost-a',Ri.ca,

wleaths' , ..t, ,

many houses

some tamalesmany main meals

are I mad e, o{, cY.P, ress.

, ,it

n).rB)

c),'P-)'tt,

'

to decor.ate the nativitY scene..25) Qgs1a Rieans'use

A) different kinds of berries' B) moss and PlantsC) pork meals

D) tamaies

26) ln the United States it's common to eat.:i

.i :' A) beef'B)' PoultryC) tamalesD) ham Pudding

for'Christmas supper.


Read the text. Chocse the altemative to answer the questions-

25) How do Scots commernorate St- Andre#s Day?

A) Wearing typi€l cpstumesB) SingingtraditionalcfiantsC) Wth an great danceD) Praying allday long

26) tffhat do young womeil ask of St. Andrew? To

" A) marry a saintB) catcfr a spousC) crucifo the RomansD) throw a shoe on the flmr

ST. ANDREWS DAY

One of the 12 Apostles, Andrew, is the patron saint of Scofland and every yearScots around the world celebrate Nov. 30 or thereabouts with a lively ball (bigdance) and different customs to honor his name.On the eve of St. Andreds Day single girls pray to St. Andrew for a husbandand if one doesn't appear fast enough they throw a shoe at the front door. lf theshoe lands in the direction of the way out, that means the girl will be mariedand out of her parents' house within the year, Also they peel an apple withoutbreaking the skin and throw it behind them. lf the peel fonns a letter of thealphabet, that would be the start of the groom's name.The blue flag of Scotland with its diagonal white cross, known as The SaltierCross, represents the transverse cross where Andrew was crucified by theRomans-

12


27) What does the shoe tl'rrowing imply?it means that the youngster

A) has to revealthe Eroomrs n&lrl€B) requests an apple to peelC) wants a husband quicklyD) will live with her parents

28) What does throwing the peel of an apple reveal?

A) How fast the husband is going io appearB) The starting letier of {he sair$rs narneC) The first letter of the groorn's'name . l

D) The direction of the groom's house

29) What does The Saltier Cross represent? lt symbolizes

A) the Roman white crossB) the way Andrew diedC) St. Andreds bannerD) Scotland's blue flag


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Holidays and Celebrations

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Read the text. Choose the option that completes each sentence correctly.

.25) The first Thanksgiving Day took place in

A) EnglandB) PlymouthC) allthe United StatesD) allAmericancountries


26) This celebratiol ga{ters

A) relativesB) justthe emPloYeesC) .just the yourlg,PeopleD) grandmothersexdusivelY

to be ai home on Ttranksgiving-.l 2{ Sorne pqleA) do eiilra work '

.B) make long tuiPs

C) make foreign fo6dD) T"k" dressesand Patters

28) Nowadays people'etebrate'iftranksgiving followingthe.\

sbangemodemdifferenttraditional

u/ay.

A)B)c)D)

29\ The main dish on this holidaY is

A) milkB) turkeyC) creamD) the dressing


Reed thd{ext below,

Based on the,text, choopg the appropriate'altemative to answef eactr questicn.(ltems from 24 to 28)

241 Hov long has the'Carnival,treen eelebrated? For

A) 50 years and 10 daysB) more than 5 decadesC) 10 days per month:D) less than 50 years

*s,'}ll,

;e rr$$*a ra*+{Fr r refl**..#* r+f#5d*B rilfl;}lD-e rrililrlifG '--=6i 1. , ,.:$ tn Costa Rica, Cultprqs' Day is celeb,ratdd on ffiobet 12;.a Special date tor Lim6n

fi wtrere a 1&day party has been held for more than frfty years. This time, the'firstS adivitythatfticksoffthetraditionalcarnivalislhecoronalionof thehql-agbn. '",. ,' "'cf, *.or*l5,h$ Fileworks alyvAys,, foJ!,o,yrv'. t[e.,,coronatien, along wlth ,a?-*ffift'..@ncelt'oflights".-Carniv.alorganizersexpect15,000fl lights". Cainiv,bj.organizers qxFec,t,

'

l.S-,00Pq.F&*.stt.f..qt+e

p'"ffi ', nruugh ni,'rnuttiqui Wist 'T'hisparaddis scheduled for.the senstd +jeekend:' The night of flT e

', i' parade,lat I o'clock, an,intemifionelband'usually gives d free,F .+'.#' . :----:r -:.:- - ----'-: -,.,-:'--'lI--.-:.,.,..,r.# . open-airConcertin'fPargudVar,gas".' timtnteityand,some area,beachesGi

S *itl hq.$J at least four otheq free concerts,o- ,.,O_$o, {{; 1-5, 1i9, .22; cbveriltg.at "tropical" musical range from "salsa" and "merengue" to "ranchera", and of course, theG - -r-.

Qi: Caribbeqn standard, lcalypso1*ii

ij New to the carnival are two chiidrenls festivals on October 13'a'nd'22, and d show ofq€''dancing horses on October'15.&g. *Kick gff: tostart something, especialiy an exciting evenltnYF'q.'..-, J $"8* ,*&d, r *4-r$3$"*rs "l..Sae'iF9&'"Xa iil.*W{e$effiery{brffieew

tN11-09 11


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''',..28) lNhat dges the parade in Lim6n represent?

retigious beliefs' culturql featqres'

".sociaf :itnpreve-fnef;,tt,educational aspects

A)B)c)D),


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Read the text.

A)B)c)D)

, SL,oBAL,W.ARM|NG

ffi##iffififffiktTffflil$fi:ffffisince the mid-2Oh century is very expected due to the observed-

@s increase in greenhouse gas .on""ntr"tions:"

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The term "global warming" refers (in common usage) to the recedt warming of thegJimate, and it implies a human influence. Thus, the'term "climate change', is'used iorhuman'-caused change, and "climate variabillty" for other cha4ges.'

Climate models referenced by the IPCC project that global surface temperaturejs arelikelytoincrease by 1.1 to 6.4"C between 1990 and 2100. Some effects of ,,globalwarming" include changes in agricultural yields; glacief - retreat:, reduced srrnr"r'

.stream'flowS, species extinctions; sea levbl ris€, intensity bf extreme weagfer events,thanges ! tn9 amount and pattern bf precipitatiori resufiing in floods an'd drought, and

, increases.in the rangeS of,diseases.:. ' ' ,

r:!ihe climate system varies through natural, internal processes and iri rebponse to j

changes in external factorS, which include solar activity, volcanic emission's; variations^in the earth's orbit and greenhouse gases+ Contrbstinj with the'scientin" lonr"n;; i;^that the warming/is caused by natural fluctuations in the climate or that warming ismainly a result of variations in solar radiation. The detailed causes of the reJentw.arming remain an active field of research, Udt tne scientific consensus identifiesincreased levels of greenhouse gases due to human activity as the main influence.

Adapted by Janet Bailey

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.(ltems from 19 to 33)

29) Globalwarming is generally defined as ai:!

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rise in surface air and water temperaturenatural transformation of the climateclimate normal fl uctuationsea level rise

ift

lN41-10 11


30) The IPCC:study

A) gives an unquestionable explanation of global warmingB) . explains that globalwarming is'ddbreasing very slowlyC) introduces a unified theory explaining globalrvarmingD) covers.a period of more than a hundred years

31) The term " "'is used for changes that are causedprimarily due to human intervention.

A) ternperaturers variabilityB) greenhouse gasesC) greenhouse effectD) climate change

32) Gontrary to the scientific studies, some scientists believe that global warming,ismainly a result,of changes in

''j'A) glacier reti'eatB) .solar radiationC) greenhouse gasesD) volcanic emissions

33) One thing that is Rgt considered a globalwarlning external,factor is:

A) solar activityB) sea level riseC) greenhouse gases '

D) volcanic emissions

tN41-10 '12


Read the text'below.

above, choose the appropriate alternativ6 to answer each question.(ltems from 29 to 33)

29) Who is the pioneer in distributing organic products?

A) Bio=Productores Oro Verde'S.A.B) . "Members of Healthier Food S.A.C) The supermarket ownerSD) A Costa Rican family

rN21-09 13


30) Why should Costa Ricans choose organic products?Because theY are

A) ',chbmical'free '

B)'beingdernanded ' ,: , , ',:' C) grown in good'so.ils , ' , '

: D) cultivated in houses ,

ItIIt? ' 31) what dlilemma do farmers have due to the growing'need for organic prodqcts?

Sellers

B) experlment economical losses . '. .

C) :cannot fulfill the demand . ,:

.' " , t t "

'

.

32) What sflrould farrners do to:increase the distribution of organic products?They should

A) ask f'or bank loansB) avoid p-esticidesC) reduce pricesD) get together

33) Why are organic products a gobO option for farmers?. Because

A) they increase the demand of pesticides

l' B) production costs are lowerI; -C) they adapt to any soiln$ D) farmers get rich

N21:b9 14


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Environment

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


t'':

Read.the text below-

Based on the text, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.(ltems from 29 to 33)

29) . To produce a unique cotfee flavor, farmers must

A) kill little spidersB) .use special chemicalsC) avoid the use of pesticidesD) ,, concentrate pests on coffee plants

rN11-09

.'':

BEST ORGANIC COFFEE AWARDED

Miramontes Mill is an organic coffee plantation in Zarcel'o. Recenfly, it won thelnternet lnternational Auction* of "Golden crop" with a price of $525 a

quintal 1i000 kilograms)., For the second year, an important part oftheir production will be exported to Japan.

Because of their, cultivation methods and results,experts qualified the coffee flavbr produced byRicardo P6rez and frieridS as i'exotic". ,,1 cultivated

600 trees"of purple avocado'for 10 years" but Irealized that the pesticides applied to'litile orange

spiders poisoned the trees, my work and my family," Ricardo explained.From that moment on, P6rez decided to grow coffee together with other types ofplants and trees. Consequently, pests did not concentrate on coffee plants only,but also in all theiother plants. ln addition, Ricardo P6rezuses micro-organismsto keep the land fertile and healthy. ln such conditions, these coffee.plantationswill last up to 25 years instead of producing during.only 10 years. n

*Auction: a public sa/e af which items are sold to the person who offers to pay the most money.

TakeT frpm,,Etpaseo rn Ctsfa Rrca,, Magazine

13


ii{

I

II{,

30) By using this 'cultivation method in coffee plantations, Ricardo, P6rez will obtain

I A) a larger pla$ation,' gi ' ton$er:lasting,harvests. "C) the destruction of pests

lD) an easierway to produce coffee

31) Micro-organisrns help the land by

A) , enriching the soilB) leaving ttre land steritebl increasing the number of pests

,.D) consuming, the nutrients of the soil ' .

32) Winning'the 'tcolden CIop" auction was the,result of

A) good luckB) hard workC) growing coffee by regular methods

r

D) improvisingagriculturaltechniques

33) Miramontes Mill has exported coffee to Japan

A) tor 25 yearsB) for 10 years,C) twiceD) once

lN11-09 14


t ' *'fitrfi. text belon1 choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question., (ltems from

Deqtruction of The ,Environment

;,tne envrronment is

everything around u-s,

both natural and man-made" A major problem

in the vrcrirl today is the destruciion oftl're natural environment. This is acomplicated problem. We burn fuel, andthis causes air pollution. We throw awaymillions of plastic bags, containers, toys,and other objects: These stay in theenvironment. They are not like paper orwood that slourly disappear. We havemade thousands of ne\ry chemicals.Factories that make oi- use chemicalsalways have chemical wastes. Theseare often poisonous and they stay in theenvironment. Since 1g45, severalcountries have been testing nuclear

. bombs in the air and underground. Theexpiosions in the air cause nuclear fallout(radioactive i.ain). The fallout causescancer anO t<itts animals and people.Now there are nuclear power plants tofiake electricity. These dispose ofdangerous w,astes underground, andtrave accidents' that can be verycJangerous.

31) How does man pollute the air?

29) What are some sources ofcontamination mentioned in thearticle?

A) Wastes from factories anrJ trasl:B) Cancei in humans and anirnalsC) Electricity and aiciilentsD) ' Non acid rainsto rrns

30) Why is nuclear power harmful to theenvironment?Because

A) of adequate chernical usesB) of fallout residua ls in the air"

C) of the responsitrle us6'of wastesD) countries follow strict safety

rules

A) killing animals. an d peopleB) producing more etectricitYC) burning fuel and testing bombsD) throwing a.llwastes into

containers

By

lN3i-t39a10


Hurricanes Benefit Caribbean The Caribbean coast revealed a few secrets during an epic October. Undergoing a phenomenon that seems to happen every few years, a Caribbean hurricane on a distant side of this sea sucked all the humidity away, leaving cloudless blue skies and sea as flat as mercury. The resulting rush of high-pressure air to the low-pressure center of the hurricane also causes massive rains on the Pacific slope of mountain ranges, as moisture-laden air rises to rush over high peaks of Costa Rica towards the hurricane. During disaster conditions of extremely heavy rains on the Pacific, the south Caribbean sees the weather become as nice as it ever gets, with a fresh, dry breeze blowing down from the Talamancas. 1. An atmospheric phenomenon is taking humidity away from the __________________.

a. Costa Rican Pacific b. Costa Rican Caribbean c. Pacific mountain ranges d. distant side of the Caribbean sea

2. A very distant hurricane has caused strong rains in the ________________________.

a. Caribbean coasts b. south Caribbean zones c. all high peaks of Costa Rica d. Pacific side of the mountains

3. Two weather conditions for the south Caribbean are _________________________. a. cool with blue skies b. humid with hurricanes c. cool with massive rains d. cloudless and heavy rains


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Read the text. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence (36, 37, 38 and 39).

DEPARTURE GtTy: Aflanta $ SSS

-

PAGKAGE INGLLIDES:

. 2 nights accommodation at the Best Western lrazt, San Jos6 (1st & last)

o 3 nights accommodation at the Best Western Jac6, Jaco Beach

c Round-trip airfare to San Jos6

o Round-trip airport / hoteltransfers

o Round-trip San Jos6 / Jac6 Beach transfers

. All hoteltaxes & service charges

DAY 01: SAN JOSE:Tourists will be welcomed at the airport and transferred to the hotel in San Jos6 bya luxury bus.

DAY 02 - 04: JACO BEACH:Tourists will enjoy 3 nights at the "Best Western Jac6". Wake up each morningand enjoy the sounds of the ocean, take a swim, and enjoy a canopy tour swingingthrough the trees of the jungle with monkeys and hundreds of different birdspecies. After that, they can take a relaxing dip in the pool of the hotel or justenjoy laying around the beach.DAY 05: SAN JOSE:Transfer back to the "Best Western lraz{" hotel. Visitor:s cari enjoy this beautifulhotel and its amenities, while staying the last night in costa Rica.DAY 06: SAN JOSE:Tourists are transferred to the airport to take the flight back to the country of origin,or they may choose to stay longer and enjoy a bit more of beautiful Costa Rica.

15tN11-08


36) The package includeswho take it.

A) some free facilitiesB) free round transfers to San Jos6C) accommodation at lraz0 Best WesternD) 2 nights in San Jos6, at the end of the trip

37) At the sea shore, tourists would be able to

A) enjoy a canopyB) lay around,the poolC) hearthe sounds ofthe oceanD) enjoy the bestfrom tneiungle

33) On the sixth day, tourists

A) have to leave the hotelB) have to stay at the hotelC) must take the flight to their countryD) can:decide whether to stay or not in Costa Rica

for the people

transportation to enjoy this trip.39) Tourists have to take

' A) tand and airB) air and waterC) air and publicD) land and water

|Nl1.08 't6


ooo


Tourism in Costa Rica

Costa Rica is considered a natural par.adisebecause people can enjoy a great variety ofmicroclimates and landscapes, fronr smcking '.#volcanoes and lush tropical jungles to niarvelous t,eaches, vrithfauna. These naturar woncers wiil surprise air nationar andBesides, this extraordinary biodiversity is conrplemented by a

a diversit), of floi.a antintern ational travelersv,ride offer cf open ai

the beach, where it i:irips, travel thror:gh the

activities, ranging from bird Watching and exci.;r.sicns alongpossible to dive in crystar crear waters, take white rvater i-aftingjungle on foot, and stay in one of the few hostels near there.Tortuguero National Park, lraza Volcano Nationa! park, and Manuel Antonio NationaPark are amcng the mosi impcrtant natural res€FsGS. in the first park, u;; ";" i.l',.], ,boat ride'through the Tortuguero canal and admire its exuberant tropic";;";";;:,ir,species of tortoises, and its lovely vrooden houses painted in vivicJ "oiorr. ;ir,* r*ronopark !s located to the nerrh of cartago and is one of inu *o=,;;;;;";r:;;rr"Rica due to its "out of this worrd" runar randscape,n*, *r,,";;;;:;;:.ago' The latter park's natural beauty consists of its three beaches, a tropicaljungle withimmerse rubber plants, mangrove swamps and the waters of the pecific, clotted bysmall rocky islands with rich marine life, and the cc,rcovado National park.

Adapted from "pestinos Maqazinql reading:Based on text above,to 37)

choose the appropriate alternative to "o*pr"t" *-il r"ntenc€. (trems

32) ln costa Rica, tourists can enjoy the abunrience of frora anci fauna as rvell q;

A) renting parksB) any type of businessC) great number of hodtelsD) alien-looking landscapes

11


i 33) :One of the opportunities that tourists have in Costa Rica is

A) hiking in the jungleB) to enrich marine lifeC) selling colorful boatsD) living in wooden houses

341' One of the sporting activities that tourists can experience.is

A) divingB) watching turtles + .

C) visiting the jungleD) playing indoor activities

35) The article mentions that Costa Rica is a

A) small countryB) beautiful place to visitC) land with many diversD) country with huge rocky islands

36) Tourists will be surprised by Costa Rica's

A) large number of wooden houses- B) variety of flora and faunaC) great arnount of visitorsD) lack of flora and fauna

37) Tourists will have a great chance to

A) admire wildlife-, B) swim in private rivers

C) walk inside the vofcanoD) enjoy a singularly predominant climate

12

in Costa Rica.

.- . lN31*-6nMore free material online at LiveLingua Project

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Travel

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


frg

37) At My. Africa, visitors will find

A) tigers and lions 'B) two kinds of predators*C) native and foreign speciesD) dangerous animal encounters

.$38) Onei .attraction of this place ,is

A) the harmony between lions "and tigers

B), to see animals running aroundC) the danger of the predatorsD) to visit African grounds

39) The zoo is

A) out of Costa Rican landsB) inside an aquatic parkC) in a paradise in AfricalJ) near "El Salto River'...'

lN41-10 14


r:.

Read the i'nforma'tion rbelow.

(ltems 34 to 39)

34) Turtle nestihg is one of the

A) reliable guidesB) main attractionsC) ,, valuable insightsD) high quality services

35) The cars you find in rental agencies are '

when discbvering Costa Rica.

mode{s.

A) q particular'terrain . :

'. r l.'B) recent

D) old.. .,, , r jlN21-09 ,: | 15

Rental cars: j

'Agencies:are plentiful in,,Sa,fl, Jose- Among, others,'tourists may find ,Tropical,Budget and Natlonal, All haye late-model vehicles from sgbrcompact to four:Wheefall:terrain veh'icles:' Quality bf ser:vice and prices are reasonable. : ::

..,: '':

Tortuguero National Park:A jungle located,on the coast with a targe nr.rmber of wild animal species'tl1at qanbe seen while on boat tours, home to the Caribbean Conservation'Corporation andsitebfgreensea'turtlenestirlg.',, .' ,' , ,ll ' ,, '

LankesterGarden:'':'' : "

It l'ras over 800 species .of. ,orchids:' Near Cartago city,, it is, nsw part of the

'

Hiking: : \ '" ,' ' . '

One day hikes are offered to tourists. Many are hikes tb volcanoes. Reliableguid.esareavailable. ' ' i !

Based on the information above, choose the correct option to complete, eagh sentence.


from.a'boat.36)' You can appreciate,

iA)

,.'B)c)

'r ":_

D)

A) 800 species of orchidsB), 'uo,."no-eS. , . '

C):,,Cartago, , ,'D),' ,wildlife ' ,: .i ., . :

':An advantage of the hikesris that tourists

, j i I i. ._ .

.I I -.' ' -

ge-t a:valuable insight'oJ Tico lifestyleir'',1are sgen ofl',?'bo?t,,., ', , l, '', ) ,,, ,,get good guidanceget late-1nodels r ,' .. .,

,

37)

:

38;: ,p""0 the information in the cfiart

39) Visitors can wAtchNational Park. ' '

A) hundreds of orchidsB) green turtles onlyC) plenty of speciesD) a few species

Fro rn the,observation s a bove, s,taternents n umbe !'car rqntal and to a national park, resplectively,

,1., " :

A) 1and5 :

B) 2and4C) ,3and5' ,, ,' - , i

D) aand5

.f

refer to a

t:

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r3, , Most of them go to lhe volcanoes; '4. Some animals lay eggs in this"place.5. Use the public system to know about their habits.

tN21-09 16


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. Read the text bglow and choose the correct.alternative to complete each sentence.

s4Y,'TDG" 36) All of the places

A) serve champagne and caviarB) are located near the sea

C) have swimming pools .

D) offer fruits and flower

37) The,three packages are just for, lt._

A) swimmers .

IB) movie starsC) ocean viewers

:D) honeymooners

38) Mi Casita offers the ", Package-. +.

A) longestB) shortestC) iheapestD) most expensive

l

39) The three packages include , , , , ,

A) breakfastB) flowers

'C) dinnerD) wine

17


Read the text below and choose the appropria_te alternative to complete each sentence.1ttems from 34 to 36). ,

34) You.will findmost r.ural dreas.,

A) lChespiritos" ,B) QominicalBeach

C) a beautiful panoramaD) : large rice plantations

35)

tn

Have you ever traveled arbund'rural areas '

in Costa Rica? Well,'l find that Some of themost relaxing 'experiences are certainlyvisit!.ng. small towns in the countryside,.stopping at a 'lpulperia" for a soft drink,enjoying the surrounding , scenery, 'and

talking"to hardworking country people.

You do not have to.go too far, A round tripof just a few hours will allow'you to tourseverai small towns from the mountains tothe sea. What about having breakfast at"Chebpiritos" ,in the misty highiands of"Cerro de la fvluerte'; where deliciousomelets, homemade eheese tortillas, andsour cream are typically served with hotcoffee or chocolate?

lf you continue on south to P6r9z Zeled6n,' you wltl get to the District of San lsidro, one

of the most prospqrous agricultural areas inthe courltry. On the way, you can enjoy thesight of large coffee, sygar cane qnd iiceplantations: j . l

' About an hgur southwest of San tsidro yotl, wilt find Dominical Beach. Dominical will:invite you !o enjoy Jhe nice warm weathefand the beach.

'i

A) a cguple of minutesB) more than a day.C) less than a dayD) a few days

s

to go

: l+:;.considers counlryside

It ti*eson a. tour from high .lands to sealevel lands in Costa Rica.

36) The authortourisT'a(n)

. expeflence.

A) very excitingB) extenuatingC) peacefulD) stressful

tN'1:1-09 15 More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Corcovado Located in the Southwest of Costa Rica, Corcovado National Park is a popular tourist destination in that country. It is popular because of its incredible biological diversity, and is considered one of the most biologically diverse places on the earth. The park contains one of the few large areas of lowland tropical rainforests in the world. This is the cause of the park’s biological diversity, and allows for animals like tapirs, jaguars, monkeys, caiman, anteaters, and sloths to inhabit the park. Another reason for the biodiversity is that Costa Rica is part of the so-called ‘land bridge’ that connects North and South America. This famous park covers an area of 425 square kilometers on the Osa Peninsula. It was created in 1975 by President Daniel Oduber. This was done to help prevent logging, which had been proposed by some international logging companies. Although it was protected from this threat, the modern day threat of tourism is becoming more problematic. Even though tourists bring funds to help protect the area, their presence is now threatening the survival of some of the animals in the park. 1. ___________________ created Corcovado National Park. 2. Corcovado National Park is located in the ______________ part of Costa Rica 3. There are no current threats to the park. True False 4. Corcovado National Park contains lowland tropical rainforest. True False 5. Give two reasons for the biological diversity in Corcovado National Park: ________________________ __________________________ 6. Which of the following pairs of animals are found in the park? a. tapirs and elephants b. jaguars and monkeys c. alligators and sloths d. bats and lemurs


Monteverde Cloud Forest Located in the Tilarán mountain range on the border between the provinces of

Puntarenas and Alajuela, the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Costa Rica. The Tilarán mountain range runs from north to south in the Northwest region of Costa Rica. The preserve contains over 10,500 hectares of tropical rainforest. It was founded in 1972, by a group of scientists from the United States with the help of some local scientists as a private reserve. These scientists used their own money to buy some of the land, and were able to get other land donated from American settlers and locals. Its first use was for scientific research.

Today, the preserve is visited by about 70,000 tourists each year. They come to see the various forms of plant and animal life, especially the many different types of frogs, lizards, and snakes. One animal visitors can no longer see is the golden toad, which was native to the area, but disappeared in the 1980s. Another aspect of the preserve that attracts tourists is the most diverse collection of orchids, a type of flower, in the world. There are over 500 different types of orchids in the Monteverde Preserve. Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is located in which mountain range:

a. Tilarán b. Talamanca c. Central d. Guanacaste

When did the golden toad disappear from Monteverde? a. 1970s b. 1972 c. 1980s d. 1990s

The Monteverde Preserve has the largest variety of _________ on the planet a. toads b. lizards c. orchids d. flowers

Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve contains:

a. mangrove forests b. grasslands c. tropical plains d. tropical rainforest

Who created the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve: ____________________________ In what year was Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve created: _____________ What was the original purpose of the Monteverde Preserve: _______________________


Lankester Botanical Garden Visitors, especially those from northern climes, will be delighted by the Lankester Botanical Garden, located about a half-hour’s drive from San José. Although the ground back home might be blanketed by snow, at Lankester it is always spring, and orchids bloom all year around. In the garden’s trees and greenhouses, about 800 of Costa Rica’s 1,400 species of orchids thrive, along with a spectacular collection of showy, native bromeliads, bamboo, heliconias, palms and cacti. Peak blooming season for the orchid is from February to May, but visitors are assured of finding blossoms any month of the year. Well-tended air trails wind through natural tunnels of bamboo, across rustic bridges, lead to a small butterfly park and a stand of secondary tropical forest. The garden was originally founded by British naturalist Charles H. Lankester, and it is maintained today by the University of Costa Rica. Guided tours are given daily from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. 1. What is the main attraction of Lankester Botanical Garden? The _____________. a. drive from San José b. delightful visitors c. orchid collection d. rustic collection 2. What kinds of scenery is it possible to find in Lankester Garden? a. greenhouses and a butterfly park b. natural and British tunnels c. tropical forests and snow d. rustic bridges and peaks 3. When do people visit Lankester Botanical Garden? a. only from February to May b. from 3:30 p.m. to 9 a.m. c. on any day of the week d. only during spring 4. Who is in charge of Lankester Botanical Garden? a. The University of Costa Rica b. Charles H. Lankester c. British naturalists d. tour guides


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40) tA/hat can be the cause of minor depression?

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DEPffiSSION, AiIOTHER SILEI{T ENEIIIY

According to specialists, common depression could be considered a temporaryfeeling. lt could also become a relevant disease.

. :a tDepression could be considered a state of mind when there is an

extemal event that explains the feeling: a divorce, a car crash,a financial crash or tre death of a loved one. ln these*€asbs, depression is a natura!responeeto a grief"

As 1, sedous medicaf'cordition,' depression is an extended,tim€.'of sadneEs'wtthsgt :an..evident external reason or a

disproportionate gioom* in relation to the event (like being sadabout a car crash beyond 15 days). ln such o6s€a; depression appears with lossof appetite, insomnia and sleepiness.

lf you find someone in deprbssion, the foflotrrrirqiquestions co-uld'help him/her:r ls there any external event that explains this fteling?. .How long'has he/she been indepression? , " ,

o Was he/she diagnosed before with any important {isease?ln fact, suggesting simple activities'like enjoy,iqg the sun, walking, and watchingfunny TV programs could help to ease the problem until the person finOs propeimedical treatment.

*Gloom: a feetingof sadness orhopelessness

Adapted from "Costa Rica Today"

lN11-09


4L) tf.rlhat ie the rrqit impo4ant thing, g,pelson.should oo it he/she suftrs from sedousdepression? To r:l:

*.ldfit,€n rnihrbr depiegbitln:&1*eilcr$eC ? As

.'lit.,,.;;.:*#il

el...i

a phy:siual.dlseataproloiigeclunhappirr,bss "' :'" " .:

epssifi$,sboffiyfeelirg ' : ,* ,',, :

Ec*p,@*,.&lifa.d *,: ,,,1 ..,,, , ,i

'.ti.,'r': i;ir ,.;lE'

,:,.rii;:lirrrsrir:i:ltr

' .::l I:::.i ,.

{3}' What eouH'bC' siqaeU a tymptom of serref,d*.ptF9one

-,#**|*1 ;'' r:i.::: .r';r:.:', ihave a car craghgo thro4h a divorce .

Fel turelong tirner..li'i

44) Vvhat s.hould people with persistent depression symptorns do untilthey see a dodor?They should .

A!B)c)$',:..

,",,"A!

B}

,clD)

lt.: , .i l, ':: . ..: , :" rr. ,, r.i:r i ? :i:ij i-!

A) uork,hard .,

...''..',":

B) carry ort relaxing ac*ivitiesC) leam.abbut.rnirmr;diEeas , ,,,D) . alroid rvatchirq funnyprggram$

18lNl1{s


l-

Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (40,41,42,43 and 44).

SOME BENEFITS OF FOLIC ACIDWhether you're courting pregnahcyor not, the time to think aboutadequate intake of folic acid for bothmen and women is now. Deficiencyof folate can precipitate excess bloodlevels of the amino acidhomocysteine, a known risk factorfor heart diseases, strokes and someforms of cancer.According to Dr. Godfrey Oakley,director of the division of pirth

lefects and developmentaldisabilities at the U.S. Centers forDisease Control, research findingshere indicate that adequate folateintake . could prevent approximately50,000 deaths from heart attackeach year in the United States.Folate deficiency increases the riskof colon and cervical cancer, andreduces the body's supply of aspecial protein which is a potentingredient of our own built in

anticancer defense system. Folicacid is nontoxic, and therecommended daily intake is 400micrograms. lt is possible toconsume this amount of.folate if youare carefulto maintain a healthy diet.

tN11-08

40) Based on the text, for whom is folic acidessential?

A) For no oneB) For all men and womenC) lt's essentialfor little kidsD) For a few pregnant women

41) What can folate insufficiency provoke?

A) AnemiaB) DiabetesC) Heart attacksD) Breathing problems

42) According to Mr. Oakley, what could bepossible if people intakefolic acid?

A) Deaths can be avoided.B) lnfants may be affected.C) Birth defects may increase.D) Cancers'symptoms can get worse.

43) How often can folate bie taken?

YeadyWeeklyEverydayEvery month

44) Where has research about folic acidbeen done?

In different U.S clinicsWhere DrOakley worksAt birth control institutesln all American institutes

A)B)c)D)

A)B)c)D)

17


-'f_1----'.-''.ri

Read the text below

Based on the information above, choose the correct option to answer each question.(ltems 40 to 44)

40) How do people usually get infected with Deilgue Hemonhagic Fever?

A) eating contaminated foodB) a different type of Dengue virusC) drinking water from rainwater tanksD) the same virus that causes Typel Dengue

By

&t,,h*&

"BREAKBONE" FEVER?

Breakbone Fever is an acute viral infectibn characterized bythe symptor.n of fever. lt is also named Dengue Fever.

Breakbone Fever is caused by a bite from mosquitoes

h \ carrying the Dengue virus. The first indication is a skin

H I rash and high fever with severe pain in the head and| / muscles. Other symptoms may include shaking chills,

dianhea, and vomiting.

The secondary fonns of this disorder are called Dengue

Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrorne. These are usually caused by a

secondary infection with a different type of Dengue virus (Type 2). Several days

after the virus attacks, other symptoms may include fever, bleeding under the skin,

red spots on the legs, and bleeding in the intestines. "A marked fall in blood pressure

(shock) occurs in very severe cases.Dengue mosquitoes breed in containers that hold water, such as: buckets, discarded

tires, plastic bags, plant bases, boats, tin cans, plastic containers, roof gutterings and

rainwater tanks. The Dengue mosquito does not breed in riverc, open drains, creeks

or mangroves.' The best form to control this mosquito is to get rid of all mosquito

breeding sites around the home

tN21-09 , 17


41) What ii the beet uray to prevent Dengue?

A) stay away frorn rivers

lo: ..;l,'

42) lAJhst mav bC a sqnptol of Primary ffypell *iue?, ,,

B) get rid of plastic bags at homeC) war.h your hands before e?tingD) destroy mosguito breeding sites

A). .,.Efqed.i0gr,'.,,,! , ,. ',

B) Red spots on the bgs, G) Very low bld pr,gesureDI,,. $ore rnuscles and.bee4

,

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Horrv is tfie Breakborie Fever related

::! :,r:j: :at :l :t:t:' ::!jt:

.....43)

It'$

A), sirnllartoB) just the same as.C) very different fror* .

,,:,,D) abOutthE same as

i ' .i

4$' ,T{ yutft* *mt*t syryptqrn,caq by a qgcord1ry in&ction of,Dengue-virus?

A) ShockB). HeadqC) Minclr&te:,

.:.D) i/luscl**r*e '', ; i .' :,.

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Read the text and choose the correct option to answer each question 1as, 46,47and 48).

How does a democratic countrycontrolthe limits of power?

A) Using the judges' authority.B) lmproving the Congress'power.C) Increasing the president's authority.D) Writing a constitution which limits the.."

power.

46) Which government entity authorizes thePresident to spend taxes?

A) The CongressB) The ConstitutionC) The President himselfD) People who wrote the Constitution

47) Why does the Constitution give more powerto certain positions? Because some of the

I...

'}Y

government positions

A) misuse authorityB) have unlimited powerC) require the abuse of powerD) require power to fulfiil their duties....,

l

ln a democratic society, who has the powerto declare war on another country?

A) The Congress of that nation .

B) The President of that countryC) The people of the ConstitutionD) People who are concerned about

the abuse of power

48)

18

SCOPES AND LIMITSOF AUTHORITY

When we talk allabout privileges,duties, powers,and boundaries,we use the termscope and limits.By scope we mean how far theauthority extends, or how muchauthority can be exercised. Byboundaries we mean the limits set upto make sure that authority is notmisused.ln democratic countries, even thepresident must honor the scope andlimits of the fosition. He or she hasthe power and the duty to enforce.thelaw. The president, however, haslimits on his power. For instance, thepresident cannot declare a warbecause that is the job of theCongress. The president does notspend taxpayerts money without theapproval of Congress.The people who wrote the Constitutionwanted to make sure that thepresident, members of the Congress,and judges had enough power to carryout their duties. They were alsoconcerned about the abuse of power.For that reason, the Constitution limitsthe power of all the branches of thegovernment.

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lN11-08.


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Democracy

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Read the text and choose the appropriate alternative that completes each sentenceaccording to it. ltterns from 45 to 48)

RIGHT TO VOTEOne of the most important rightsin a democracy is the right to,vote. In Costa Rica, we have anational election every fouryears, and every citizen canvote. This is the way people canexpress their opinions about thecandidates and their proposalsto govern the country. Startingin 1998, voters did not have tostamp their thumb prints on theballots as they did in previousyears. Now, they vote by writingan uX" in one of the spacesprovided on the ballot. Anotherchange approved by' theElectoral Tribunal, at that time, isthat it limits the time each citizenhas to vote. lnstead of fourminutes as in previous years,now they have only two minutes.Handicapped people also havethe right to vote, but they do it ina different way. Although eachperson votes by secret ballot, thehandicapped are allowed to votepublicly. The blind, for exampte,are allowed to tell an official forwhom they want to vote, and theofficial person will write the "X"following his/her instruction.Very old people may follow thesame procedure. lnmates alsohave the right to vote. TheElectoral Tribunal preparedvoting rooms in 17 prisons in1998. This ensures that eventhose who are in prison retaintheir constitutional right to vote.

1N11.09

45) Since 1998,

48) ln different

A) the blind vote in privateB) handica.pped voters have to print

the ballotsC) the Electoral Tribunal provides

ballots in "X" shapeD) voters express their choice by

writing an l'X" on the ballot

46) During the 1998 elections, : . .

A) handicapped people used secretballots

B) the time to vote wqs redued bya half

C) each voter had four minutes tovote

D) the blind voted on a secret ballot

47) Most people vote in private, but both, '

A) rggular citizens and the elderlyB) the elderly and the candidatesC) inmates and regular citizensD) the blind and handicapped

thereis a special voting room.

A) electoral'hallsB) ballot buildingsC) jails in the countryD) constitutional rooms

ii'u


Read the text"'

#. " T il R " T " T r r s " T ': * r r G r '

,e \

1:

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ii:1.

POLTT.ICAL PARTIES ..

There are different political parties around the worldt t::l "l theln l"* dlo"l"I Iproposals jo solve th"i, o*n bountryrs problems' A political party

': " :-:l-in*:i :peoplewho.sharethesamepointsofviewabouthowthegovernmen,'n1,]l.lljlltand what it should do. [n order to understand such political proposals, a journalist r

".*o four political parties what they stand for and what their priorities are'

;il t-talilt;-riiJrtr*;w 1r

eacrr political p"ilY'] proposals as follows: I

rt should be the Protection of Il.Apartythatbelievesthat.theroleofthego.Vern.me|lL,tEvtlv|lvlllife, liberty, and property from violence and fraud' '

2. A party that stands for individual liberty, personal responsibilitv, anl 1 lll1l:: j

government, encourages peOple to make their own decisions about what is best I

for them and their families.

3. A party that stands for working families, better schools, affordable health care' Iwomenrs rights, safer streets, a cleaner env-ilonment' 3nd.":-'tln econgrny' :

, believes that the role of a government should be to educate.its citizens' *hil" I

protecting their rights and ensuring a stable and prqsperous nation' ,

4. Finally, a party that stands for key values such as social and econoti: jTl:::; jnon-violence, grassroots democracy, respect for. diversity, Wornen's rlgnts'

:personal and global responsibility, and protection of the environment'

'onhowio I:

As illustrated, each of the parties has some differeni points of view

.govern,butallofthemcareaboutfreedom,justiceandpeaceja Written bYMckY Jara .'\ _ - -.,'_..4

t * # . t # t ' ;* i * * t:r

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--Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each

sentence. (ltems from 45 to 48)

45) A political party is a group of people th-at

A) have some differences about how to run the country

B) share similar ideas about how to goverR the country

C) share exactly the same 'proposals of other parties

D) stand for violence and fraud

,]

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rN41-10 17


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116) The sscond partfs Bropoealstates thet

One of lhe prioritles of the third party is

A)' educationB) unafiodabb achootsC) elpensitae health careD) tfie protec-tion of people ftom fraud

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{8} The fourfl partycar€$ abottt,::j-.-_-l

A) people have th€ right to make their own AeclsioilB) a go\Frnment should decfide about enerythingC) a govemment should hane unlimited powerD) peopfe should have no pqrerd all

47',,

. .:

,.'. 1i

iij:;. 'n i

A) nghts of yvombnB) limiled govemmentC) all citizens' personal problernsD) the economic situation of Fls mernbers

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'



JOB INTERVIEW TIPS AND SUGGESTIONS

Here you have some job interview tips that might help you

to get ready for a successful interview.Practice answering the typical job interview questions and

l*

answers that most employers ask. Think of actualxamples you can use to describe your: skills. Providing evidence of your successes

is very important. Prepare a response to the queition "What do you know about ourcompany?" Know the interviewer's name and use it during the job interview. lf you're

not sure of the name, call and ask prior to the interview. Try to relate what you knowabout the company when answering questions. Get readv and make sure your

terview outfit is neat and appropriate for the type of company you dre interested in.

Bring a nice portfolio with copies of your r6sum6, and include a pen and paper fornote taking. Be on time fsr the interview; this means five to ten minutes early. lf it isnecessary, take some time to drive to the office ahead of time, so you know exactlywhere you are going, and how long it will take to get there. Stav calm during the jobnterview, try to relax as much as possible. Maintain eye contact with the interviewer.Listen to lhe entire question before y'ou answer and pay attention, you will beembarrassed if you forget the question! Show What vou know about the companyand try to relate it when answering questions. When discussing your careeraccomplishments, match them to what the company is looking for. Always fotlow upwith a thank-you note restating your interest in the position. lf you interview withmultiple people, send each one a thank-you note.

http ://job se a rch. a bo u t. co m/tib raryAuee kt y a a 1 2 1 00 0a. h tml

Based on the previous information, choose the appropriate option to bomplete eachsentence. (ltems 49 to 54)

49) When having a job interview, it is important to

A) show nervousnessB) wear suitable garmentsC) mention your lack of skillsD) ask the interviewer questions

ttrtzt-og 21More free material online at LiveLingua Project

50) Beforq a job interview, you should

A) decfineB) discussC) practice.:D) follow up

51) Once the interview begins, you should relax and:A) stay calrn l

B) be on timeC) take an interview practiceD) send each person a thank-you note

52) Make sure to be for the interview.

A) on timeB) agitatedC) very busyD) emUarrassed

53) Tryto shsw the interviewer what you know dbout

A) the companyB) the competition ,

C) your own nameD) other companies ,

54) Sending a thank-you note is an excellent way to

A) follow up your interviewB) be on timeC) stay calmD) practice

lN21-09

answering questions.

ziMore free material online at LiveLingua Project

'Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

5

GERMAN: self employedAll my friends seem to earn more than I

do. I suppose it's easier if you'reemployed in a regular 9 to 5 job. I workon people's houses and manageconstruction sites all day. I stay pretty fit

doing that. Then inthe evenings and onthe weekends I haveto make phone callsbout jobs andpaperwork. ltseems to end!

MANUEL: housepainterMy friends say my work is less demandingthan theirs, but I think I work just as hard asthey do. I spend a lot of time alone becausemy job can't begin until all the construction[vork is completed. Usually,the rooms look great whenI've finished my work.Sometimes customerschoose really ugly colors, butI have to respect theirdecision.

ROSAURA: artistWorking for yourself ishard because you areresponsible foreverything. lf no onecalls and asks you towork for them, youhave to go out to lookfor work. Luckily, I nowhave some regular

pictures for some\)clients. I paint

expensive hotels.

ANTONIO: orchestra conductorIt would be impossible forme to do rny job on myown: The musicians I

work with are extremelytalented, and they rely onme to make sure theysound as good aspossible. We often workevenings and weekends, and we travel a lot.Working with a large number of other peoplecan be challenging and it really bothers me ifsomeone is moody because it affectseveryone else.

53) Rosaura has some regular

A) roomsB) workersC) expenses' D) customers

54) Both, Antonio and German have some work to do

A) on Saturdays and SundaysB) at expensive hotelsC) choosing clientsD) at home

i:IiT

,:Ti

20

, too.


55) Certainly,

A) Rosaura'sB) German'sC) Antonio'sD) Manuel's

56) A job thatimplies team performance is the

A) orchestra conductor:B) self-employedC) painterD) artist

57) A feature three of the occupations share is that they

A) end their work before the construction finishesB) begin their work at 9 and finish at 5 p.m.C) are responsible for their own jobsD) work with talented musicians

58) The article mentions that once in a while,choices.

A) RosauraB) GermanC) AntonioD) Manuel

job always requires other people's participation to be fulfilled.

disagrdes with the customer's

21


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Jobs and Lifestyles

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


;

Read the text. Choose the alternative that answers each question accordingly.

SITUATION:F"iip"-illfas ls ,e"Oing job advertisements; he is thinking which position is the best for him.

ENGINEER COMPUTER PLANNINGWork with,an exciting, new company. Use your experience to design newuses for small and advanced computers. Excellent salary. Write to:Mr. D.G,. Tall; Central Str:eet, Heredia; or call (506) 260-6547, cellular 8751-2103.

SERVICE MANAGERBusy car dealer is looking for an e_xperiencgd car service manager for busy

SECRETARYFor doctor's office. Hours 9:00 to 5:30, Monday to Friday.Must get along well with people. Experience necessary.Call Miss Solis, (506) 532-6122.

e

49) What do the three ads have in common? They

A) ask for experienceB) need customer agents ,

C) offer growth opportunitiesD) require immediate availability

22


'..'

Who offers marveloui income? - i.i,-ii:' r ,!:i-i::, , ::::;

does.50).a riii3'-r,A) Mre;flY* ;,1 ' ,: , ::: ::

B) Miss Solis-:' t

C) Mr. Garcia -D) Mr. D.G. Tall,

;a

i..ii:,",-..,:.il'.' :

'"r

" -i :::r!

A) (506) 245-€8-00

B) (506) 260-6547-,c) (506) 532-ffi-nD) 8751-21-03

52) 'Where is the popt dealing with hightechnologlP ln

A) La Sabana

B) CartagoC) AlajuelaD) Heredia

..,.. r.- .

:l '*i51)

:l r'

+.:,,..r.ri.i....:i,.

: .'l:::: i Li'.' , .r .:. :i

23


CHILD LABOR INCREASING,SAY EXPERTS

' BY Tim Rogers

@F:=Hqffi*i-t;,>F ry"-$*#@

Children reprgsent the youngest and

most vulnerable sector of the Latin

American labor force, Yet theY worklong hours on the fringe of the lawand receive salaries that are just afraction of the minimum wage'Although the Problem has alwaYs

existed, civil rights leaders' haveexpressed concern that the numberof children involved in both theforrnal and informal economY is

growing desPite the lastgovernments' efforts. They'expectfuture governments to imPlementpublic action plans to eradicate childlabor and protect adolescent workersin each country- To make mattersworse, the four-year action plans arescheduled to end when the terms ofgovernments end- ManY areconcerned that the situation will

continue'to snowball unless the'newadministrations take serious steps tosupport Child Labor Law-

The Tico Times, November 23'o 2Oo1

Read the text. Choose the appropriateto the text. lttems from 52 to 54)

alternative to complete each sentence according

52) Working children's

permitted bY taw.

A) higher thanB) as high asC) lower thanD) ' as low as

salaries arethe minimum

53) The governments' plans to eradicateand Protect working children have

A) been scheduled several times3) been comPletely unsuccessfulC) worked adequatelYD) been successful

54) Regardleadersshould

ing this problem, civii rightsthink that next governments

A) not be concerned withteenager's work

B) give more work to theyoungsters

C) carry out social effective PlansD) pay the kids a minimum wage

lN41-10 21


\Read the text and choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.

HOMELESS PEOPLE

Homelessness is, without doubt, the mostserious and dramatic expression of thephenomenon of social exclusion (Gdritas,1996). The term "hometess persons"refers to a group with varied andhetelogeneous characteristics, profiles andnecessities, but with a series of commondimensions: severe poverty, social'isolation,

breakdown of sobial and familybonds, personal deterioration and lack of aplace (a house) to cover needs ofaccommodation and social support. Thephenomenon is a highly urban one,characteristic of large cities in whichproblems of poverty and isolation areexacerbated, and lead to exclusionprocesses (which form the basis of theproblem) being expressed in the mostextreme and inhuman ways in situations ofhomelessness.

By Rodrig uez Diaz

57) Homelessness is aproblem.

A) socialB) potiticatC) economicalD) segregation

Homeless people havecharacteristics.

A) similarB) differentC) the sameD) multidimensional

59) Homelessness refers to people who

A) live on the streetsB) have family bondsC) have a house to liveD) don't need accommodation

Homeless people arethe society.

A) helped byB) included inC) adopted byD) excluded from

58)

60)

lN11-0712 24


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Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (57, 58, 59,60 and 61).

INTERNETLocating specific information used to be a

tedious and time-consuming process. Do youremember digging through library card catalogsand then wandering through dusty stacks ofbooks, only to discover that what you needed

was already checked out?

Now finding references to topics can be as simple as typing in a keyword and

clicking a button, from the privacy of your own home. lnternet includes entirelibraries of specialized information and thousands of these are accessible and freeof charge to the general public. lnternet also supports a variety of researchtechniques and styles. Suppose you're trying to come up with a topic for a speechyou have to deliver. At first, you might want to browse a variety of materials torefine your subject area. This process is much like going to an area in a libraryand starting to pull books off the shelf, except that on lnternet you can leap fromlibrary to library, following associative links or trains of thought. Once you'vedetermined the exact subject of your speech, you may need to track down somevery specific information, such as statistics to back up a particular point. This isthe age of information, and success in many fields depends on getting the latestnews as quickly as possible. lnternet provides numerous sources for specializedand updated information. You may want to subscribe to an electronic mailing list.For instance, you may want to participate in a news group where specialists in

some unusual area'of knowledge keep you current on what you need to know.Because of its scope and speed, lnternet is by far the most efficient way to makesure you maintain expert status in your little corner of the information universe.There are lnternet services that will help you with powerful search tools that willlook around the Net and quickly find your needle in the information haystack.

tN11-08 23More free material online at LiveLingua Project

57) Based on the text, how is doing research on lnternet different from using a library?The task of lnternet researching

A) is easierB) is more tediousC) uses more dusty cardsD) is more time-consuming

than using a library.

5S) How will a newsgroup keep people in relation to their field of interest?It will keep them

A) bored withB) updated onC) tied-up withD) spending short time on

59) According to the text, what should people do to research on lnternet?They should

A) use different techniquesB) ask for library card catalogsC) go through dusty bookshelvesD) spend all of their time and money

60) What is the best advantage to research on lnternet?

A) lt gives you supervision.B) Someone else does it for you.C) There are rules that protect you.D) Current information can be reached quickly.

61) What is the main characteristic of the lnternet service?The information is

A) limitedB) relevantC) abundantD) given by reporters

their field of interest.



AIBO

AIBO lArtificial lntelligence roBOt), triinslated from'Japanese

\ as "partner", is one of several types of robotic pets designed

\ and manufactured by Sony. There have been severaldifferent models, for users of all ages, since their

;d -\ introduction in 1999. AIBO is able to walk, "seei' itsenvironment via camera, and recognize spoken# commands. lt is considered to be an autonpmous robot,

since it is able to learn and mature based on external stimuli from itsowner or environment, or from other AlBOs. Artist Hajime Sorayama created the

initial designs for the AIBO.

On Janua ry 26,2006 Sony announced that it would discontinue AIBO and several

other products as of March, 2006. However, AIBO will still be supported until 2013,

anO iis technology will continue to be developed and used in other consumerproducts. The Life AlBOware allows the robot to be raised from puf to fully g::1:adult'while going through various stages of development as its owner interacts with it.

The Explorer AlBoware allows the owner to interact with a fully mature robot able tounderstand (though not necessarily willing to obey) 100 voice commands. ManyAIBO owners enjoy teaching their pets new behaviors by reprogramming them.

The AIBO has' been used as an inexpensive platform for artificial intelligencerdsearch because it integrates computer, vision system, and.articulators in a package

vastly cheaper than conventional research robots. The RoboCup autonomoussoccer competition has a "Sony Four-Legged Robot League" in which numerousinstitutions from around the world participate. Competitors program a team of AIBOrobots to play autonomous robot soccer games against other competing teams.

Adapted from vvv,rw.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al BA

Based on the previous information, choose the correct option to complete eachsentence. (ltems 55 to 60)

55) AIBO is a(n)

A) robot just for adultsB) toy just for childrenC) item for children and adultsD) pet that doesn't play with children

lN21-O9

t$,

?3 More free material online at LiveLingua Project

56) This robotic dog

A) will be supported beyond 2013B) can understand 100 languagesC) was rRanufactured just for seven yearsD) is programmed to interact only with its owner

57) The Japanese word "AIBO" means "

A) petB) robotC) partnerD) artificial intelligence

58) How long will AIBO be serviced? Until

A) 1999,B) 2006c) 2008D) 2013

:,

59) What is particular about these robotic pets? They

A) always follow a written programB) do not accept software modificationsC) are more cbmplex than the usual test robotsD) are used in studies on advanced artificial intelligence

60) What other entertainment.use was found for AIBO? As a(n)

A) computerB) arts designC) soccer playerD) night vision system

tN21-09

" in English.


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Homework Readings Science and Technology

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


Read the text. Choose the alternative that completes each sentence accordingly-

57) lt was difficult for astronomers to discover the exterior ring of Ljranus because of

A) the ice layer that covers itB) the color of EnceladusC) the size of this planet

D) its unexpected color

f;

26


58) Uranus'outer ring

A) is gimilar to SaturnB) is called "Keck"

C) has a moon

D) is red ,

59) Both, Satum and Uranus have

A) an exterior ring with a moon

B) rings with thick ice laYers

C) two interior blue r'ngs

D) exterior red rings

60) The exterior and interior rings of Uranus

A) were discovered by a Hawaiian university

B) were discovered in two different moments

C) are practically the same colorD) have similar names

61) The text saYs that both,

A)B)c)D)

look very similar.


/r,;'' -ead the text and choose the option that best answers each question.

MAX.

"Ozone Hole May Disappearby 2050

According to a team of Japanese scientists,

the ozone hole over the Antarctic is likely to

begin contracting in the future, and may

disappear by 2050, becdtrse of a reduction in

the release of chlorofluor.ocarbons and other

ozone depleting gases. The findings are

based on a series of numerical simulations carried out 'Qy Eiji Akiyoshi of the National

lnstitute for Environmental Studies, near Tokyo, using projected emissions of

chlorofluorocarbons and other gases blamed for the ozone hole. According to a report

posted on Friday on the lnstitute's Web Site, the hole is at its,largest now but is likely to

gradually start contracting around 2O2O and disappear by around 2050. The tearl's

findings are in line with research by other scientists. However, some of them have

suggested the hole won't heat until much later because old refrigerators and air-

conditioning sysfems. Many peopte in the United States and Canada are still releasing

ozone-killing chemicals, although both countries have stopped those chemicals in newer

products. Satellites and ground stations have been monitoring the ozone hole over the.

South Pole, since its discovery in the 1980s. Chlorofluorocarbon levels in the earth's

atmosphere have been declining, since the middle of 1990s due to international efforts to

reduce emissions.

lN11-07'12, 25


61) What is going to happen to the ozone hole over the Antarctic after 2O2O?the text, it is going toIA) get bigger

B) change its colorC) decrease its sizeD) remain the same size

62) ln what year should the ozone hole disappear?

A) ln two thousand sevenB) Near two thousand fiftyC) Around two thousand eightD) Before two thousand twenty

63) What chemicals cause the hole to form in the ozone?

A) ChlorofluorocarbonsB) Water in refrigeratorsC) Gases from bad foodsD) Water in air-conditioners

64) Why has the hole reduced its size? Because

A) satellites closed the holeB) gas levels have increasedC) people quit smoking cigarettesD) some international efforts have reduced emissions

65) How can people stop the destruction of the ozone layer?

A) Avoiding natural productsB) Turning off the new refrigeratorsC) Turning on the old air condition systemsD) Avoiding products that contain chemical items

"1jf,tlitjgl&:!

lN11-0712 26


:'

Read the text and choose tl;re correct option to answer each question according to it(ltems from 55 to 57)

MICROCHIPS

ln 1960, the world of eleclronics sawthe first success in developingminiature transistors on the surface ofa thin slice of silicon. As , yearspassed, such mini{ransistors became

'microchips.

Among the diffeient types ofmicrochips are MEMORY, whichstores data, and PROCESSING,which works with the data. Of the twobasic memory chips, read-onlymemory (ROM) usually holdsinformation that makes a device, suchas computers or video games, workproperly. The other, random-accessmemory (RAM), can be erased oradded , to, and when the power isturned off it disappears.. RAM chipsare used in computers andprogram.mable calculators, so they canstore a lot of data for brief periods.

Now microchips are hidden away inalmost all modern electricalequipment, from televisions and carsto the satellites for whiclr the chipswere first developed.

55)' What was.the first hit in the worldof electronics?

A) The invention of siticonB) The creation of microchipsCj The develophent of mini-

transistors. D) To make transistors of water

. and silicon

56) What is the importance of ROMmemory chips?They

57)

A) store informationB) turn off the powerC) erase video gamesD) have random access

What was the original objective ofcreating microchipi?To use them in

A) satellitesB) computersC) all moder.n televisionsD) programmable calculators

I

tN41-10 22


Smartphones First sold in 1993, smartphones today are incredibly common in the developed

and developing world. A smartphone is a mobile phone that offers more advanced computing and better connection than a normal, or traditional mobile phone. This can include a camera, Internet browser, music player, video player, video games, and office software like word processing and email organization. Most smartphones use an operating system just like a computer. Currently, about 20% of all mobile phones sold in the United States are smartphones.

The first smartphone was the IBM Simon, and was sold by the American telecommunications company BellSouth. By 2001, a smartphone made by Palm was the first smartphone to be widely used in the United States. The next year, the first Blackberry was released, which is a smartphone made especially for wireless email. Blackberry was one of the most popular smartphones for many years, especially with business people. In 2007 Nokia released the N95, which was very popular because it featured many things that consumers wanted all in one phone: camera, GPS, and the ability to connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi or the 3G network. That same year, Apple introduced the first iPhone, which was more expensive than similar phones, but was also very popular because its Internet browser was said to be better than that of other smartphones. Due to competition, the past few years have seen much advancement in the operating systems of smartphones. These advancements have now made it possible to browse the Web, listen to the radio, take videos, create documents, play video games, and even watch TV, right from a mobile phone. 1. Smartphones aren’t common in rich countries. True False 2. Nokia made the first smartphone. True False 3. The Blackberry smartphone was popular with business people. True False 4. The first smartphone was called the _________ _____________ 5. The iPhone was popular because of its ____________ ___________ 6. Which company made the first smartphone widely used in the United States:

a. Nokia b. IBM c. Apple d. Palm

7. The Nokia N95 was popular because of its:

a. better Internet browser b. new video games c. combined features d. wireless email


Google So popular is the World Wide Web search engine Google that the word ‘google’

is now in the dictionary as a verb meaning “to use an Internet search engine”. The Google search engine is the main product of Google Inc. an American corporation formed in 1998. The company was formed by two PhD students at Stanford University. The two students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page were studying computer science and became friends over their interest of developing search engines and organizing information on computers. They began to put together computer systems in their rooms; when they no longer had enough room, they moved their systems into a rented garage.

As their search engine project grew, the two men stopped their PhD studies and worked full time on the project. The website began in 1997 as a basic search engine. Because its search engine often brought better results than other websites, Google grew very rapidly during the early 2000s. It is now one of the most famous websites in the world, and google.com, the American version of the website, is the most visited website in the world. Google is by far the most popular search engine on the Internet. Google also owns many other websites, like Gmail, YouTube, Blogger, and Orkut. It also has developed software programs for computers and mobile phones. Google earns most of its money through Internet advertisements. Google is considered by some business experts to be the most valuable brand in the world. 1. The word ‘google’ is now considered a verb. True False 2. Brin and Page completed their PhDs. True False 3. The Google brand is considered to be very valuable. True False 4. Google Inc. owns which of the following websites: a. Facebook b. Hotmail c. Blogger d. Mapquest 5. Google’s growth was: a. slow b. steady c. fast d. normal 6. How does Google earn most of its money? _____________________ 7. When was the Google website launched? ______________


Robots develop language to 'talk' to each other

The research project lets robots generate random sounds for the places they visit in both simulations and a real office. The "words" are shared and the robots play games to establish which sound represents which location. The set of “words” has proved so advanced that it can be used to help robots find places other robots direct them to. “The machines are being allowed to generate their own words because human language is so loaded with information that robots found it hard to understand,” said project leader Dr. Ruth Schulz from the University of Queensland. "Robot-robot languages take the human out of the loop," she said. "This is important because the robots demonstrate that they understand the meaning of the words that they invent independent of humans."

One set of the trials with the robots sees wheeled robots fitted with a camera, laser-range finder, and sonar used to map their world - roaming around at an office at the University. The robots also have a microphone and speakers onboard so they can communicate with each other. The wheeled robots travel about and, when they reach a place that does not have a name, they generate a random combination of syllables that represent that place. When that robot meets another robot it tells it about the places it has been. Slowly, as the robots travel and talk, they narrow down their list of place names until a mutual term is selected, and an oral map of their world has been generated.

The robots generated place names such as "kuzo", "jaro" and "fexo". Each piece of territory was typically a couple of meters in diameter, said Dr. Shulz. This enabled the names to be used as rough distance measures and allowed the robots to play other games that communicate distance, travel time and direction. Some games involve swapping sounds but others, such as the "go-to-game" involve the robots trying to meet up at a distant location. “The power of the language being created by the robots was starting to become apparent,” said Dr Schulz. "They enable the robots to refer to places they haven't been or even places that they imagine beyond the edges of their explored world," she said.

(adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13510988)

1. What do the robots use to talk to each other? ________________________________ 2. Why is the human language hard to understand for robots? ______________________ 3. What is the name of the research project’s leader? ___________________________ 4. Where is this research project being conducted? _____________________________ 5. What is one of the two special things that the language has allowed the robots to do? _______________________________________________ 6. The robots have developed the following names for locations, except: a. pero b. kuzo c. fexo d. jaro


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sELEccr6N uturcn ?rar*i cs*ss+4{Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

Alvaro Solano and Lisbeth Vindas are two Costa Rican surfers. Both took first place

in their respective competitive categories in the opening weekend of the Circuito

Anual Nacional de Surf 2OO4-5 in Playa Esterillos on the Central Pacific Coast. The

"Grahd Prix Mango Esterillos" kicked off the fifth year of the competition with more

than 120 participants. The weather conditions were perfect - sunny, no rain or clouds,

and the waves were great' even at dead low tide. Lisbeth Vindas said," Esterillos is

my favorite wave", which perhaps explains her confident and outstanding

performance during the circuit opening weekend. She ended first in the women's

category.

l

i

l

l{

: *,.!i

2


' ;+'.: .., ..

A) different sports' ' ,. . :' .

B) different catry$esC) the sarne egolies " .' ,, , ',:D) the women's catBgory

1) The texi talks about

A) 204 surfersB) favorite wavesC) a surf competitionD) weather conditions

2) , Alvaro and Llsbeth€oFrlret€d,h[

3) This was the ,":j

A) 3"1

B) sthc) 15thD) 3on'

4l According to the reading,

A) dryB) wetC) rainyD) cloudy

weaiher is perfect for this sport.

5) This surf competition takes place in Esterillos-.A) yearlyB) weeklyC) monthlyD) twice a year

3


Read the text and choose the conect alternative to complete each statement.

12\ According to the article, Costa Rica's meals are

A) spicy and greasy :

B) baked and tastyC) greasy and light'

D) spicy and bland

#

6


13) ln Costa Rica,dishes.

A) riceB) tomatoC) plantain

D) cabbage

.

14) The article says that in one "Casado"you find'i

' A) no meat at all :

B) salad and meat

C) different types of rice

D) nothing but beans and salad

is the product people use the most to prepare dlfferent

talk about charecteristics that both, "Casado"'and

7

15) Read the information below-

1. Their prices vary a lot'2. They share similar ingredients.3. Both of them always contain tuna fish.4. They are served at the same meaftime.

Only sentences number"Plato del DIa" have in common.

A) 1and2B) 2and3C) 3and4D) 4 antd 2,


"t

Read tfre r6cipe and choose the altematives that complete the sentences conectly-:

INGREDIENTS:2 tablesPoons margarine orbutter1 garlic clove, crushed with garlic press% stp ftesh bread crumbs'A qtbbosely packed fresh parsley or basil leaves, choppedYt cup grated Parmesan cheese% teaspoon salt% teaspoon ground black PePPer2 ripe iarg" iomatoes cored and cut crosswise in half

r Arrange oven rack incpokie sheet with foil-

upper third of oven. Preheat oven to 200 "C. Une broiling pan or

r ln 1g-inch skillet, melt margarine over medium heat. Add garlic and-cook 1 minute or until

rrgi"nt, iti.ring.' Remove it<ittet from heat, stir in bread crumbs, parsley and Parmesan-

r Roast.

18) To prepare this recipe you need both a

pan and a blenderskillet and an ovenbroiling pan and a mlxerl Ginch oven rack and a mixer

A)B)c)D)

I More free material online at LiveLingua Project

1ei Before preheating the oven, you have to

A) remove the skillet from heatB) melt margarine in a skilletC) arrange the oven rackD) stir bread crumbs

20) According to the text,certain ingredients.

A) oven racksB) a graterC) a pressD) a knife

during the preparation, you need to chop

From the affirmations above, only number_ is correct.

A)1B)2c)3D)4

9 More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Read the text. Choose the altemative to answer the questions. *,1"

The Museum of Costa Rican Art celebrated its 25thanniversary in the historic building on the east sideof Sabana Park. The neocolonial building originallyhoused Costa Rica's first international airport untilthe early 197Cs. The governmeht preserved the oldterminal, and in 1977 the art museum moved in.The many rooms that branch off the main galierysene to highlight different artists, formingconstantly changing exhibits. Curently themuseum is exhibiting "Landmarks in Costa RicanArt', which is a great opportunity to view CostaRica through the eyes and palettes of world-famous artists. Francisco Z0friga's forcefulsculpture sits near Max Jimenez's and FranciscoAmighetti's prints.

11) What was the Museum of Artbefore? A(n)

A) government houseB) artists'residenceC) galleryD) airport

13) Whafs the museum exhibiting' now?

A) Max's printsB) Z0friga's paintingsC) Jim6nez'scqlpturesD) Amighetti's sculptures

10) Where was the 25th anniversarycelebrated? ln

A) rooms and galleries of a museumB) Francisco Zriftiga's gallery

. C) an international airportD) a neocolonial park

121 Who is Francisco Z$fiiga?He's

.A)B)c)D)

an important sculpturethe museum illustratorthe museum manageran important sculptor


Read'thetext.Choosethebestalternativetocompleteeachsentenl.

19) Parents should during mealtime.

A) establish flexible schedules

B) forbid the use of PlaYthings

C) make telePhone calls

D) do schooljobs

20) The article recommends parents to

A) avoid b-alanceO me]1B) vary the waY of cooking

C) serve fruits occasionally

D) reinforce the consumption of chips IMore free material online at LiveLingua Project

Read the text below and choose the best alternative to answer each question.

Cr,anksgrvrn7tProbably the most American of all holidays celebrated in the united states is Thanksgiving.It is not a religious holiday, not a patriotic one, but simpry " 0", * doing something we:oT:t'r"s

forget to do, to say "thank you" for the most *"r0"* ;;;,j,,r;;;t""'It all began in the 16th century, when a group of protest"nt, ".1"a "',n*, ;;a in NorthAmerica'from Europe, looking for a place where they could nno ,"ligi"", ,*"0"r.

) t-n:u had a very rough winter and thanks to the help of the native lndian tribes halfof them could survive the weather- ln spring they planted crops and learneil"o""*the new continent from the rndians as they introduced th" pibr;, ;;Ed:"': :-*ol': and turkev- burins the rarl, the pirgrims ,"r:::dt"""ff lTlprepared for winter. They were so gratefur for the herp they nao receirlo

m from rhe rndians that they decided to prepare ;",;;;. onnl, *,,nthe new foods and hord a cerebration. They invited the rndians to thecelebration to say "thanks". Today, Thanksgiving has turned into a

family holiday and people eat roast turkey,cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

21) How do peopte define Thanksgiving nowadays? As a(n) holidayA) religiousB) patrioticC) tndianD) famity

22) What is the aim of this celebration? To

A) show gratitudee) help lndian tribesC) .find religious freedomD) forget to say ,,thank you,,

10


2g) What did Pilgrims learn from native lndians?They leamed

A) about foods like

corn and pumpkin

B) about the 16h century Protestanls

C) how to anive in North America

D) how to survivg in EuroPe

24)WhydidmanyPilgrimsdieduringthefirstwinter?Because theY

) B) ate PumPkin and turkeY

C) were native lndian tribes

D) faced tenible weather conditions

25) what did Pilgrims do to thank th.e lndians for their help?They

A) prepared delicious dishes and a party

B) created a patriotic simple holiday

C) harvested during wirlter

D) went back to EuroPe

26;) What did the Pilgrims do after their first winter?

A) forgot to saY thanks

B) grew foods for the next winter

C) turned the celebration into 1

religious holiday

D) gave the Protestants pumpkin pie and roast turkey

They

11


ffie Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez Saficiente ,

SELECTION

Read the text-

Gosta Rican Athletes in aRegional Championship

The 22nd Central American andGaribbehn Track and FieldGhampionship was held in Cubafrom Friday July 3rd to SundayJuly Sth, 2009. Costa Rica wasrepresented by a total of fifteenathletes in which Nery Brenestook part. The Costa Ricanathletes traveled with therenowned trainer Walter Salazarto Habana, Cuba. Thirty-fiveathletes from Central Americanand Caribbean countriescompeted at this event making it atop level competition. FromCosta Rica, the.most ouistahdingathlete,was sprinter (a perso-nwho takes part in short distanceraces) Nery Brenes who hasgradually and steadily made aname for himself within track andfield. Brenes received instantfame in Costa Rica when'he wasable to easily classify for theBeijing 2008 Summer Olympics.

Ghoose the appropriatecomplete each sentencepreviouslext.

1) Nery Brenes is

70 ITEMS

alternative tobased on the

an outstanding Costa Ricanathletean important organizer of theeventan outstanding Cuban sprintera renowned international trainer

2't Cuba was in charge bf

hosting the eventtraining the athletesorganizing the next Olympicsorganizing the 23rd edition ofthe championship

3) Participants came from

404DJ

&v)c)D

Adapted from the lnternet Central America and CaribbeancountriesBeijing, Costa Rica and CubaCuba an{ Costa,Rica onlyall over Latin America

A)

B)e)q

"Nature rb a blessing. Let s protect it!.

{}t}tT=il:More free material online at LiveLingua Project

aarnets Inglds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Safi'ciente

THEATER

As a nation of passionate theater lovers, Costa Rica..supports asuccessful acting community, ln fact, Costa Rica supposedly has moretheater companids per.capitl than any other country in-.the-world' The

""uniw'" early dramatic productions were inspired by.tl: ArgentineananO Ctrilean piaywiights ind actors who settled here. at the turp of. thecentury, when Otaml was estatilished as part of the standard schoolcurriculum.ih; ;tr*ts of Sari Jos6 are full of tiny theaters, everything from comedy;';r;;;, itr""i"i-in-the-round, mime, and -eugn puppet theater' crowdsget togeih"r eu"ry night Tuesday through Sunday. Pgrfolma-nces are

ii"Ol-tii"antty in'Spa-nish, although- ":9ry Ferfgry. in. English. TheEnglish-sp"afting Littie Theater Group is the Costa.Rica's ojdest theatrical

"otp"ny. lt p"rtonns mainl! at the C9ntr.9 .Cultural'1 Eugene O'NeillTheater i good place to enioy and learn English' The prices are so cheapn"ip"opl6 couiO go to enloy a play once a week for the same cost as a;ft[-d"adway pioduction. Tne tico Timeg apd Gosta F.ic? T-odav offercoriplete listings of current proOuEiions-nd whether a play is in Spanishor English. /

Adapted from http://cehtralamerica.com

Read the text

Based on the previous text, choose the appropriate alternative to completeeach sentence

8) According to the text, Costa Ricans

ft) never go to the theater

$) avoid going to the theater

il Prefer comedies in English

D) enjoY the theater very much

9) Dramatists from Argentina

founded Eugene O'Neil Theaterperformed at the Centro Culturalperformed in the streets of San Jostiinspired Costa Rican theater producers t$

D"Nature is a blessmg. Lett protect it!"

..**s. .;+r\.==-.= =;...'--. L*== ! +i i{=sL**\s


a.,t-,*cF Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez SuJicientc

i10) Costa Ricans can enjoy in the streets of San Jos6.

large theater groupsa Broadway productionmime and puppet theaterthe theater in three languages

11) To enjoy a performance of the Little Theater Group, peciple

need to pay a lot of moneydon't have to pay anythingdon't need to pay too muchhave to get expensive tickets

'12) People can get information about all the theater performancesin Costa Rica.

i, a

$ at standard schools

$ in some newspapers '

A at the Centro Cultural

b) in all the streets in San Jos6

s.l

ED)

fr}6)o)E

,:

I

?

uNature rb a blessing. Let's protect it!'****


ffiep Ingtds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Suficientc

Read the texts. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete eachsentence

13) The svno4,vm of the word "inarvelous" is'1

ft) bad

6; awful...'\ terriblel/l"d) wonderful

14) The synonym of the word "large" is "

bigtinylongsmall

A}frdb)

15) The underlined woqds are

A) antonyms

d;:TJJ:;'..o{ hornoihonesvtr

t*R*

The shiny weather turns white skin into a "marvelousn' tone of bronzedskin.

It was foggy. People couldn't see anything while they were drivingin the "large" citY.

'! Nature is a blessing.' Le!'s protect it! "More free material online at LiveLingua Project

ffiep ' Inglds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Sujicientq

'/Read the information. Ghoose the appropriate atternatiVe to complete each'sentence

I have a lot of friends, but just a few of them are my real friends.

16) A linking word in the previous sentence iS "

butthema fewa lot of

Are your friends coming tonighlpg are they coming tomorrow night?

fr)rd)rtt)

ri

i'i'li

iilrit,iijlii

irlli

17) The underlined word functions a$l'

{ft) a linking word

6) a homoPhone'

C) an antonym

D) a svnonym

18) The root of the word "cleanliness" is.

cl€anline .

CleanlincleanNESS.

fr)e)c\u1

ii'

I

#*g*More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.

DO YOU WANT TO ENJOYEATING OUTSIDE?

"La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers Youthe most varied typical food in its fourlocatipns around San Jos6. Maincourses are served on woodenplatters covered with banana leaves.Troops of waiters serve portions offood of all shapes and sizes to largefamily gatherings, most consisting ofthree generations. High chairs areprovided for the tots, and a sPecialkiddies' menu is available and servedwith a variety of trimmings. However,there is no seafood on the menu. Allmain courses come with rice, refriedbeans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain,picadillo (diced potatoes orvegetables, or a mixture of both). Therestaurant is not licensed to servealcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), butoffers a selection of non-alcoholicbeverages such as: horchata, freshfruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.

14) La Casa de Dofia Lela is a

A) vegetarian restaurantB) sea food restaurantC) typical restaurantD) fruit market

15) Banana leaves are used to

A) serve alcoholB) cover plaftersC) serye seafoodD) provide the tots

16) The menu of this restaurant

A) includes seafoodB) includes vegetablesC) doesn't include drinksD) doesn't include food for kids

17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant,allowed to sell

A) alcoholB) picadillosC) agua dulceD) refried beans

it is not

7


Read the recipe and choose the arternative that compretes each sentence correctly'

16). You add the onion after You

A) mix lime iuice with other ingredients''

B) serve the mixture on top of greens

C) toss all the ingredients

D) serve the main dishes

17) While you are preparing this recipe' you need

A) no spoons

B) four dishes .' ,

C) two different bowls I iD) two bowls of the same sizerxt:;

1B) Two different vegetables required for this recipe are

A) broccoli and shelled shrimP

B) watercress and celery

C) carrots and cabbage

D) cucumber and onion


Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).

COMPARING EATING HABIT$

The main difference between Chinese andwestern eating habit is that unlike the

West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placedon the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host beprepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of

,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinesehost uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign ofpoliteness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is.lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leavethe food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, laythem on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine tothem contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and isequivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

19) Chinese people

A) are very proud of their, gastronomic cultureg) Oistite to have a variety of food on the tableC) have problems showing the use of their utensils

1) like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls

20) According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they

A") ask guests to sit downserve guests their beverageskeep an enjoyable conversation with their guestsput food in the guest'bowl with their own chopstick

B)0s)

lN?1-nR More free material online at LiveLingua Project

VALENTINE'S DAYON FEBRUARY 14TH

Valentine's Day is the'sweetheartsday when people in love express theiraffection'for each other in happy andmerry ways. This celebration is a wellknown and celebrated day in mostcountries around the world.It is a ddy for fantasy and .fuq, and forconfession of tender emotions of love andfriendship. The affectionate rnessagesmight be carried by b heart-shaped boxmostly than a rectangular box that may befull of fancy chocolate candies, or by abouquet of tulips tied with red ribbons,- ltmight be delicately written on a flowercovered card or stated in a modernmanner. Then again, under a redwrapping, a young wife or sweetheartmight find a book of poems, or a tinyporcelain vase. But in whatever form, themessage is the same: r'Will you be myValentine?" Valentines used to bereserved for young lovers, but nowadaysgrandparents, parents, cousins, andfriends of any age take the occasion toexpress their affection through a small giftor card than can be found at many stores,bookshops and newsstands.

Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 1)t,zs and 26).

24) Who celebrates the Valentine'sDay in the current days?

ftl Ong happy lovers

6) All engaged couples

e) Many people of any age'\ Just old friends and0l

""ou"intances

25) AccordpeopleDay?PeopleDay to

ing to the writer, why docelebrate the Valentine's

celebrate the Valentine's

A}s)t,0

write poems about giftsvisit their older relativesbuy presents for themselvesshow their friendship and love

According to the reading, wheredo people celebrate the Valentine'sDay?

ftl ln all public institutions

b) At any people's offices

fr) Just in Costa Rican townsln most cities and towns of theworld

26)

q

tN21-08 1r| More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (27,28,29 and 30).

BIODIVER,SITY IN COSTA RICA

Biodiversity is a resource with enormouspotential, both for intellectual and economlcpurposes and as an instrument for a country's

development. The tropical zones of the

American continent, where Costa Rica is located,-

contain a greater divdrsity of species and

ecosystems, as well as a broader range of interactions, compared with other tropical

regions of the world. Withra.tand alea of only 51.100 km2 10.OSYo of the planet's

surface) and 589.000 km2 of territorial waters, Costa Rica is one of the 20 countries

with greatest biodiversity in the world. The institution in charge of the task of

administering Costa Rica's biodiversity is the Ministry of the Environment and

Energy (MINAE), and more specifically to the ,National System of Conservation

Areas (SINAC), which is responsible for the conservation and strstainable use of the

country's biodiversity. A little over 25Vo of the country's territory is under"some

category of protection, anci this percentage is increasing thanks to the support of the

private sector, which has created many private reserves dedicated mainly to

Fcotorrrislrl-iRd research. Thiq is a conservation effort that few countries in the

world have undertaken and in which Costa Rica has invested substantia! resources

for the well-being of present and furture generations. I

27\ Who is responsible for monitoring Costa Rica's biodiversity?

The Ministry of EducationThe National Park Rangers and GuardsSome people who live in biodiversity areasThe National System of Conservation Areas


28) What percentage of the country is under biodiversity protection?The quantity of territory,under protection is

just fourtwenty fiv.emore than fif.tyless than twelve

29) Who sponsors the funds for ecotourism and research?

private sectorMinistry of Educationpublic municipal officesNational System of Conservation Areas

30) Why have most Costa Ricans invested in environmental conservation?Because they want to

become very rich peopleuse a lot of animal speciespreserve the land for future generationshave the weakest biodiversity protection

rN21-08

percent.


Read the text and choose the appropriate option to complete each statement according toit. (ltems from 37 to 39)

37) Touiism producesin Canada.

A) snowfallB) rnajor benefitsC) economical lossD) natural resources

9"ln Cana'db, ' tourists 'are38)"attrqcted by

A) low pricesB) nice beachesC) souvenir shopsD) local celebrations

39) Canadians

gener.ally

to supp-ort tourism.

A) make use of their fishing areasB) 'take advantage of their rurron,C) offer low prices in skiing centersD) recommend visits to close islands

The Calgary Exhibition Sfampede r's aCan adia n Weste rn-t i ke festiv at

lN11-09 16 More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Rebd the text below.

GHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)"

There are many symptoms that might show thatsomeone is srrffering from a Chronic Fatigue Syndrome(CFS), Some of these symptoms are feeling tired for along time, doing less than half of what used to be done,sore throat and unexplained sore muscles, short-termmemory or loss of concentration, among others.

':No one is certain about what causes CFS'Researchers are still looking for the main origin of thls healthproblem, but'they have concluded that the symptoms may be caused by an

immune system that is not working well, or by some kind of virus.

The first step to be sure that someone suffers from CFS is to find out if there is amedical cause. Doctors will probably want to review symptoms and medicalhistory, and ask for a physical exam. The person who suffers from CFS should tryto:

> Keep up some level of activity and exercise, both can help body and mind.

This syndrome is something people can overcome with some medical attention,but basically, by keeping an eye on any unusual emotional or physical change.

Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.(ltems from 40 to aa)

40) One symptom of Cfrronic Fatigue Syndrome is

A) chronic insomniaB) frequent tirednessC) an acute headacheD) good concentration

1N41.10 1;i

1.1


' r:.Jis a possible cauSe

':'..,

to diagnose a patient with the CFS"

' i^'; il i i.

. I.

A)lB)'c)D)

Sriyndrome reguires

personal supportiihe system

44) People w.ho,,suffer fromsyndrome.

r .:

A) physical activityB) shorl-terrn memoryC) loss of concentrationD) anger and irustratlon

CFS should have to treat this

tN41-10 1.6


Fead the text below.(.rom 40 to 43)

Democracy means that even the smallesttown in the country has the right to haveelectricity, potable water, and public orprivate telephones.,

National pride staried with the historicalcrigins of democracy. Juan MoraF-ern6ndez (182Q instituted a fair.judicial:system, the iirst .newspaper, free publiceducation, and free land grants for coffeelclanters.

-The 1949. Constitution guarantees citizensas well as.foreigners basic rights: the right

If o own, the right to petition and assembly.

{he right to habeas corpus, and freedom ofspeech

Adapted from "Democracv', by Info Costa Rica Travelsta if http ://infocosta rica. com/generalldemocracy. html.

choose the:appropriate arternative to complete each se ntence.

40) The text explains how mostCosta Ricans are proud of their

A) democratic lifestyleB) judicial systemC) habeas corpusD) army

41) Democratic principl:l* guaranteethat all towns have

(ltems

A) airportsB) coffee plantersC) basic public servicesD) more police officers than

teachers

42) Juan Mora Ferndndez establishedfor all Ticos.

A) private banksB) potable waterC) freedom of speechD) open access to education

The 1949 Constitution gtr-;aranteescertain rights to _ ___.A) just foreignersB) Ticos and {oreigitersC) certainCentralAmericansD) Costa Ricans but not

foreigners

43)

lNr 1-OgT 1A More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Based on the lext below,(ltems from 52 to 5a)

choose the appropriate arternative that compretes gach sentence.

52) One of the reguirements for the job is tobe able to

A) speak EnglishB) maintain the trafficC) help alt old techniciansD) surf the internet to become an

expert

53) The applicant has to be available to work

A) 24 weeksB)' 7 hoursaweekC) 24 emergency daysD) at any time of the week

54) The applicant is required to work with

A) administratorsB) standard trafficC) Windows NT serverD) any type of technicians

COMPUTER NETWORI(ADMINISTRATCIfT

Z. & F. lnternational seeks anexperienced computer technicianfor maintenance, adrninistration cflnternet servers and servicecustomer vrorkstations.. Must have experience with lligh

traffic, mission critical seryers.. Must be available 24 hours, 7 days

a week (for emergency response).. Windows NT server expei'ience is

a MUST.. Linux experience is desirecJ. but

not required.. English speaking is a MUST.

La Aurora, Heredia.Send r6sum6 to [email protected]

lN3: " ^^- More free material online at LiveLingua Project

Based on the text below, choose the appropriate option to complete each statement.(ltems from 55 to 60) '

55) The article is about the newest technology regarding

A) cameraSB) a cellular, phoneC) voicemail receiversD) a multimedia keyboard

tN11-09 23

IPHONE

The lPhone is a multidredia and lnternet-enabled mobile phone designed and soldby Apple lnc. at a higher price than ordinary mobile models. The lPhone'sfunctions include those oJ a camera phone and a multimedia player. lt also

offers lnternet services including e'mail, text messaging, webbrowsing and visual voicemail. .User input is accomplished via amulti-touch screen with virtual keyboard and buttons. The lPhone

became availabte in 2007 in the United States. from Apple retail stores for a.contracted price of US$499 for the 4 GB modeland US$599 for the B GB model.Apple released a video explaining many of the lPhone's features through a series ofeye popping demonstrations.

FEATURES: The first generation lPhone introduces some features like:

Touch screen: The 3.5 inches liquid crystat display touch screen topped withoptical-quality glass is specifically created for use ryith one, or multiple fingers formulti-touch sensing. However, because the screen-is a capacitive touch screen, nostylus is needed, nor can one be used. So, the requirement for bare skin to be usedcaused concerns for users in areas with winter climates; gloves worn would thenhave to be removed to use the touchpad.

Gamera: The lPhone features a built-in photographic camera located on the back,with no video functions. lt also includes a program that allows the user to upload,view, and g-rnail thousands of photographs.

MultimeCia: The lPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos,playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audio-books, and compilations.Bafterv: The lPhone features a built-in rechargeable battery, but it is not intendedto be user-replaceable. Once the battery reaches the end of its life time, the phonewill need to be returned to Apple and replaced for a fee.

Adapted from,www : e n. wi ki p ed i a. o rg/l P h o n e


56) When using this,device you have to use

: A) gloves'B) : , mittensC) . the stylusD) your fingers

on the touch screen.

:

57) The multiniedia.section of th.e lPhone is primarily used to organize and reprqduce

A) musicB) e-mailsC) pictures i

D) voicemails

58) With the incorpoiated camera,'you can send pictures to your

A) multimediaB) voicemailC) batteryD) e-mail

59) The price of the new lPhones are

'A) cheaper thanB) .the same price asC) not as expensive asD) much more expensive than

a regular cel! phone.

. 60) Some limitations in the features of the first lPhone are in the

A) screen, the battery and the cameraB) multimedia and the factory serviceC)' price and the photographsD) lnternet service


. COSTARICANS'SOLIDARITY

The generosity that the people of Costa Rica have showed during the past

emergencies demonstrates the strong values"inherent in qur culture. Despite strong

winds and cold weather, both young and old. people have arrived at the Red'Crosscollection centers to drop off their contributions to help people from differen! parts ofthe country as a symbol of solidarity.

Anoth,er lesson of solidarity has been shown by children throughout the country.They have donated the contents of their piggy banks to buy equipment for thedisabled and sick children from different spots of the country.

It is heart-warming to see the solidarity of all Costa Ricans in times of national

emergencies. This means that this value is still in each Costa Rican home and itimproves the quality of life. However, Costa Ricans must recover and reinforce othernational key values such as respect, justice, peace and love to avoid theJeterioration of society due to external influences by different means'

ln that sense, it is a must that adults try to transmit generation through generationtheir .ancestors' values. ln fact, all Costa Ricans must not forget the nationalancestors' great decisions when they eliminated the army, chose neutrality, andstrengthened education in the past.

Adapted by Sonia Mora and others


Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to answer each question?(ltems from 61 to 65)

61) Why is people's generosity important?.Because it

A) reinforceshumans'sufferingsC) helps to increase emergenciesB) contributes to others' indifferencesD) improves humanitarian relationships

.:iI,]

-,,*{intN41-10 25


62) What did old people do after the last emergency :They,helped -

, A) , in spite of the bad weather1, .,

C) facing hot weatherD) only their relatives

't

J1 ' :fl-'t "'if

. ). i Ji ,l.

6.31 How did the Red Cross work? Byt

A) buying milkB) giving people some lessonsC) distributing people's contributionsD) taking good care of the sirong winds , i

i: ;t

: ..

64) what is it stated about the abolition of the army in costa Rica?It has been

A) a lesson taught by children" B) an example. of Ticqs' vatues

C) a way to show people's ancestorsD) a demonstration of national civil war

65) How rnust Costa Rican ctrildren grow up?

A) Sunounded byweaponsB) Conserving external beliefsC) Rejecting their parents'valuesD) Followingtheirancestois'values

26tN41-10


Read the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative'ttrat completes eachsentence. (ltems from 66 to 70)

66) E-mail is a waY to send

WHAT IS E-MAIL?

E-mail is a shortened versionof the words "eleictronic" and"mail". lt can .as.sbe considered @*the electronic r. Iversion of a ir."') *\letter sent overthe computer.

E-mail is one of the mostused and poputar services onthe lnternet. lt enablesrnessages to be transferredfrom an individual to anotheror from an individual to agroup of people.

Documents (audio, video,pictures, etc.) €n beattached and sent with the e-mail messages. E-mails canbe sent and viewed in variousways, depending on the clientapplications used.' Somecommon programs include"Outlook", "Egdora", and"Apple mail".

E-mails can beviewed anywhereworld.' Recipients can checktheir "inbox" (where e-mailsare stored) at any time theYconnect to the lnternet.

sent andin the

over the comPuter.

A) lettersB) qhecksC) individualsD) comPuter Programs

67) "Outlook" is a very well-known

A) letterB) e-mailC) internet serviceD) comPuter Program

68) You can send by e-mail.

A) cashB) imagesC) outlookD) individuals'

69) ln order to read e-mails, you have ,o - -.A) view the reciPient

B) connect to the lnternetC) be considered electronicD) call the recipient over the phone

70) You can check your electronic mailbox fromwith lnternet access.

A) any comPuterB) the Outlook storeC) a group of PeoPleD) your own PC onlY

27 More free material online at LiveLingua Project

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answer Key Worksheets

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