English

BY: Jenny Tuazon

Spelling 1.11. Successor2. Variety3. Encourage4. Received5. Excitedly6. Inspection7. Crowd8. Terrified9. Failure10. Substituted11. Happened 12. Surveyed13. Judge14. Special15. Quiet

Spelling 1.21. Monotonous2. Orphanage3. Frightens4. Fatigue5. Veterinarian6. Communicate7. Daggers8. Curse9. Reappeared10. Luggage11. Production12. Bilingual13. Unfortunately14. Neighbors15. heirloom

1. emperor – the sovereign ruler over an empire2. Successor – a person who succeeds another3. Judge – decides who wins4. Kingdom – a country headed a king or queen 5. Failure – lack of success6. Empty – containing nothing7. Crowd – a number of people8. Variety - assortment9. Surveyed – to examine carefully10. Amazed – fill with wonder11. Terrified – great fear12. Substituted – to replaced13. Believe – to accept something as true14. Spotted – recognized15. Assistants- helper

are names of persons, places, things, eventsand ideas. They are also known as name words.

PERSONa noun can name a person by name:

example: Jose Rizal, Benigno Aquino a noun can name a kind of person

example: teacher, doctor, man , sister

PLACE a noun can name a place

example: sibulan, negros occidental a noun can name a kind of place

example: province, town, countryTHING a noun can be a thing

example: adidas, nescafe, nido a noun can name a kind of thing

example: shoes, coffee, milk

1) Proper Noun- a noun that refers to a specific or particular

person, place, animal, object, event or holiday.

1) Common Noun- a noun that refers to a general name of

person, place, thing, event or holiday

EXAMPLES:Jose RizalDr. CruzBenigno Simeon C. Aquino IIINegros OccidentalSibulanApoAdidasNescafeNidoNew YearFather’s day

EXAMPLE: HeroDoctorPresidentProvinceTownMountain ShoesCoffeeMilkHolidayEvent

a. Count Nouns – are names of persons, places or things that can be counted

Examples: ducklings childrenwoman swan

b. Mass Nouns – can only be counted with the use of counters.Examples:

one kilo of ricepinch of salta bottle of perfume

c. Abstract Nouns – can not be seen, touched, heard or tasted. They are not be felt by two or more of our senses

Example:love beauty honesty integrity

ROOTWORD

PREFIX

SUFFIX

- a part of a word that changes its meaning when affixed with a prefix or suffix

Example :

Root word Meaning Example

Graph Record Telegraph

Bios Life Biology

Lingual Language Bilingual

Port Carry teleport

Some words are made up of different parts, for example, unemployment

Unemployment has a beginning (prefix), a middle (root word) and an ending (suffix).

Unemployment : un (prefix), employ (root) meant (suffix)

The root word is the basic word and by adding prefixes and suffixes, we can change its meaning.

If we take the root word, employ, and add other suffixes we can make other words, such as employed, employee, employer. Both the spelling and the meanings of the words are linked.

A root word is a real word and you can make new words from it by adding prefixes and suffixes.

Here are some more examples of root words and their word families:

use: useless, usable, used, using, user, misuse

friend: friendly, friendship, unfriendly, friendless

faith: faithful, faithfully, unfaithful, unfaithfully

- that part or letters added at the beginning of a words

- a prefix is a group of letters that you can add to the beginning of a root word* to change the meaning of the word. For example, mis + fortune = misfortune

The meanings of prefixes

Every prefix has a meaning. For example:

The prefix ‘un’ means ‘not’

The root word ‘clear’ means ‘bright’, ‘free from difficulty’

So un + clear = unclear , meaning ‘not clear’ or ‘dim’, ‘difficult to see or understand’.

There are no rules to help you remember which prefix you should use, although knowing the meaning of the prefix can help.

Here are some examples of prefixes and their meanings:

Prefix Meaning

Mis- “wrong” or “badly”“misspelled” or “misspelt”Means “wrongly spelled”

Sub- “under”“subway” means “a way under the ground”

Pre- ‘before in time’, ‘in front of’ or ‘superior’‘prepacked’ means ‘packed before’

Un- ‘not’ (there are also several other

prefixes which mean ‘not)’

‘unhurt’ means ‘not hurt’

OTHER PREFIXES“Bi” meaning two“Mono” meaning one“Post” meaning after“Tele” meaning far froma distance“De” meaning away

- added at the end of the word or base form of a word

- A suffix is a group of letters that you can add to the end of a root word* to change the meaning of the word.

For example, paint + ing = painting

Suffix Meaning Example

-ous, -ful, -y full of Meaningful

-al act or process Magical

-age place, action Orphanage

-ade Product of Cavalcade

-ive Quality productive

Nouns that mean only one are in singular form while the nouns that mean more than one are in plural form.

RULES IN SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUN

1. Many nouns form their plural by adding –s.example: house – houses

flower – flowerspin – pins

2. Singular nouns ending in sh, ch, ss, z, and x form their plural by adding –es.example: bush- bushes

watch – watches buzz – buzzes mass - masses

3. Nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel form their plural by adding –s example: zoo – zoos

radio – radiostrio – trios

4. Singular nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel form their plural by adding –es .

examples: echo – echoes hero – heroes

With the exception of :Filipino – Filipinoscello – cellospiano – pianos

5. Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant form their plural by changing –y to –i and adding –esexample: lily – lilies

baby – babiescentury – centuries

6. Most nouns ending in f form their plural by changing f to v and adding –es.

examples: loaf – loaveself – elves

7. Some irregular nouns form their plural by changing their spelling.example: man – men

child – childrenfoot – feet

8. Some special nouns do not change their form at allexample: luggage – luggage

sheep – sheepseries – series

9. Some nouns form their plurals in two waysexample: appendix- appendixes/appendices

folk – folk/folks