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88
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Index
A Afraz SS, 21
Aghaei A, 32
Aghamohammadian
sharbaf HR, 84
Aghasi Zade M, 26
Akbari MotlaqM, 43
Alamdar H, 34
Alamidoost E, 74
Alipour T, 73
Amirian K, 20, 37
Anjomrouz M, 38
Arab Yaghoobi M, 67
Arkani E, 82
Arzegar A, 45
Asghari Toie MA, 24
Asgharshakeri H, 82
Askari P, 39
B Baghdadi G, 47
Bahrami H, 18
Bidar M, 15, 86
Bolandghamat S, 31
Borhani F, 58, 70
Boroujerdi HR, 29
Borzooei M, 68
C Chamanzari H, 36
Charechahi M, 15
Charles L. Ragan, 79
D Dareke M, 43
Dastgheyb S, 43
Dehkordi MAA, 14
Doosti F, 33
E Ebrahim Zadeh S, 36
Enferadi M, 33
Eshrati T, 72
F Fani J, 76
Fathi M, 17, 23, 33, 42, 44,
81
G Ghabel NM, 15
Ghanae A, 51
Ghanbari Hashemabady
BA, 84
Ghasemi D, 39
Ghaseminejad MA, 72
ghavami B, 82
Goshvarpour Atefeh, 28,
83
H Hadizade Kafash R, 25
Hafez B, 15
Haghi E, 71
Haghkhah A, 49
HajiRezaei HR, 38
Hamidfar B, 40
Harati H, 42
Hashemian A, 27
Heidari M, 67
Heidarwi A, 39
Helmi K, 14
Hormati A, 67
Hosseini M, 73
J Jahanbakhsh S, 29
Jalaly R, 64
Janbaz Freydoony K, 50
Jarahi N, 15
Javanbakht A, 78, 79
Jodi M, 17, 44
Joudi Marjan, 23, 42
Joudi Maryam, 42
Joudi Mitra, 23
Joudi Mona, 23
Judi M, 22
K Kafie R, 57
Kamal shanbadi A, 84
Kamali AH, 39
Kebriaee F, 76
Khadivi zand M, 13
Khaksar MH, 51
Khalilzadeh MA, 51
Khalilzadeh N, 62
Khazaei S, 60
Khosravi A, 27
L Lotfi Fatemi SN, 59
M Makarem A, 55
Maleki Delarestaghi A, 61
Matinnezhad A, 82
Mazhari F, 76
Mirpour M, 53
Mirzamani SM, 18
Modarres Qeravi M, 36
Moghadam-Ahmadi A, 34
Moghaddam A, 53
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 89
Moghimi A, 31, 51
Mohammad Zade Samako,
65
Mohammad Zade Sarve,
65
Mohammadi J, 49
Moharreri F, 76
Moqhtaderi S, 18
Morvarid M, 61
Musavi H, 67
N Nasrabadi AM, 47
O Omrani L, 34
P Pasalar F, 33
Pasha G, 39
Pour fereidoni F, 23
Pouragha Rudborde M, 63
Purgholami F, 72
R Raffe S, 36
Rafiwi T, 25
Rahati S, 28, 83
Rahimian GH, 32
Ramazani AA, 67
Ramezani H, 54
Ramezani J, 16
Rezaeipour M, 86
Rezayi H, 43
Rezazadeh N, 77
Rohani SA, 26
S Saadatian V, 28, 83
Sabbagh SA, 66
Saberi M, 82
Sabzevari A, 81
Sadat Pournesaei G, 63
Sadeghi A, 23
Saedy M, 22
Safary A, 64
Sahebi M, 17, 81
Sariri HR, 55
Sarraf Shirazi A, 76
Sawadat Nia H, 27
Seydali E, 38
Shafiei SA, 66
Shahbazi K, 32
Shahidi EO, 80
Shahrabadi H, 77
Shareh H, 71
Sharfi A, 23
Sharifi A, 30
Sharifi H, 41
Sharifi-Razavi A, 34
Sohrab M, 33
Sohrabi M, 24, 46, 49
Solati Dehkordi K, 32
Soltani Nadjaf Abadi F, 56
Soltanifar A, 76
Sookhtanlou M, 41
Soukhtanlou M, 17, 81
T Tabatabaei k, 16
Taghizade ME, 14
Tahamy SE, 45
Taheri HR, 49
Takhsha N, 16
Tavakol Z, 19
Teymoori S, 33
V Vatankhah M, 85
Vatanparast S, 80
Vosoughinia H, 27
Y Yousef Zadeh V, 51
Z Zangouei A, 38
Zendehdel Roudi, 86
Zirak N, 29
Zoladl M, 68
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 1 1
Table of contents
Welcoming Message President of The Congress ................................................................... 4 Welcoming Message of Secretary Congress ......................................................................... 5 Welcoming Message - Head of Anesthesia Department ....................................................... 6 Welcoming Message of Organizing Chairman ....................................................................... 7 Welcoming Message of ISSCH President .............................................................................. 8 Board Members ..................................................................................................................... 9 Members of Scientific Committee ....................................................................................... 10 Members of Executive Committee ...................................................................................... 12 The comparison of effectiveness of two methods of Modular CBT and cognitive- behavioral hypnotherapy in reducing Iranian children anxiety ........................................... 14 Clininal Evaluation of Hypnotism Induced local Anesthesia in Endodontics ....................... 15 Comparison of men and women hypnotizability ................................................................. 16 Study of Correlation between Subscale of Short Form MMPI and hypnotizability Grade .. 17 The investigation of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy n the treatment of subjective tinnitus Moqhtaderi S, Bahrami H
, Mirzamani SM ........................................................... 18
The efficacy of hypnosis as an intervention for labor and delivery pain: A comprehensive
methodological review ........................................................................................................ 19 Hypnotic effect on athletic performance in football players ............................................... 20 A consideratin to parallels between “Hypnosis” and “transactional Analysis” ................... 21 The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy)ACT) method in the treatment of drug addiction disorder using hypnotism .................................................................................... 22 Evaluation of effect of relaxation training in nurses s tress reduction at Shaheed Rajaee hospital ................................................................................................................................ 23 The effect of relaxation training with selected physical activity on girl’s mental health .... 24 Determining the Effectiveness of Hypnoterapy on level of Aggression in University Students ............................................................................................................................... 25 The role of stress and its uses hypnosis in patients with MI ............................................... 26 Evaluation of music effects on vital signs of patients need GI endoscopy for a month in Endoscopy Unit of Razavi Hospital from 90.08.1 to 90.08.30.............................................. 27 Nonlinear Dynamics Evaluation of Electroencephalogram Signals during Meditation ....... 28 HYPNOBIRTHING:comparison of benefits and sideeffects .................................................. 29 Hypnotizability Changes and Mental Disorders ................................................................... 30 Structural and functional brain differences in highly hypnotizable individuals ................. 31 The effectiveness hypnotherapy and medication therapy in quality of life ,frequency and severity symptoms of IBS patients ......................................................................................... 32 The effect of hypnosis imagery and non-hypnosis on performance of free throw skill in basketball ............................................................................................................................. 33 Introduction to the Neurophysiology of Hypnosis ............................................................... 34 The Effects of Guided Imagery on Pain of Orthopedic Operations in Traumatic Patients .. 36
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Hypnotapy effect on relapse rate reduction of opiate dependence and withdrawal symptoms ............................................................................................................................ 37 Mind-body interventions as a treatment for cancer-related fatigue ................................. 38 The Effect of Hypnosis on Sport Performance in Footsall Players ....................................... 39 Plummet Induction Technique (PIT): a new method of self-hypnosis instruction for Mobarakeh Steel Complex industrial workers ..................................................................... 40 An analysis of the effect of thermal induction on skin surface temperature under hypnotic trance ................................................................................................................................... 41 Evaluation of the effect of hypnosis on the treatment of tension headache. ..................... 42 Effects of self- hypnosis on the self efficasy of college students ......................................... 43 Surgery: An experience of spontaneous hypnosis ............................................................... 44 Reiew of virtual reality techniques in the treatment and assessment of obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD) .................................................................................................. 45 Comparison of physical practice and random mental imagination on performance and learning of tracking task....................................................................................................... 46 Hypnosis Depth Determination, Using Empirical Mode Decomposition ............................. 47 The influence of mental imagery of focus of attention on performance and learning of dart throwing skill of children and adults .................................................................................... 49 The impact of cognitive-Behaviour Hypnotherapy in decreaseing the anxiety the college level students in 1387. ......................................................................................................... 50 EEG Signal assessment in the OCD patients using Quantification of Event Related Potentials ............................................................................................................................. 51 The effect of hypnotic inspirations upon fluctuations of student's balance ....................... 53 Hypnodontic ........................................................................................................................ 54 A pilot study of the use of hypnosis and suggestion in pediatric dentistry in Mashhad dental school ........................................................................................................................ 55 Anesthesia and analgesia in hypnosis in operation .......................................................... 56 Historical procedure of Hypnotism according to documents and thesis ............................. 57 Effectiveness of Hypnotism in Anxiety Reduction (A Laboratory Study) ............................. 58 Hypnosis and nursing care ................................................................................................. 59 Child Delivery without Labor Pain through Hypnosis .......................................................... 60 Forensic Medicine Hypnosis use .......................................................................................... 61 The effect of hypnosis in treating test anxiety .................................................................... 62 The effectiveness of Hypnosis therapy in reducing anxiety in women with Anxiety Disorder63 Relationship between EI and humanities students, and technical - engineering ................ 64 Investigation to Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Treatment Major Depressive Disorder in Patients client of Qods Hospital ...................................................................................... 65 The Recommendation of Using Electromagnetic Waves to Facilitate Hypnosis Infusion.... 66 The effect of hypnotherapy on symptoms severity of irritable bowel syndrom ................. 67 Survey effect of Hypnotherapy on improving the health of neurotic patients referred to a psychiatrist and choice Counseling Center of Shiraz ........................................................... 68 Effectiveness of Yoga and Music Therapy in Anxiety Reduction ......................................... 70
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 3 3
Metacognitive Therapy, Hypnotherapy, and Combined treatment in treating Secondary Vaginismus due to Rape....................................................................................................... 71 Hypnotic and psychiatric disorders ...................................................................................... 72 The effect of using green and red colour in hypnotism suggestion on the rate of blood pressure and heart beat. ..................................................................................................... 73 The Application of Hypnosis in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ..................................... 74 COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF NITROUS OXIDE SEDATION, WITH COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN REDUCING DENTAL ANXIETY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN. ...................................... 76 The study of hypnosis effect on weight loss in over weight person adjuvant to low calorie diet therapy ......................................................................................................................... 77 A Neural Network Model for Schemas Based On Pattern Completion ............................... 78 A Neural Network Model for Transference and Repetition Compulsion Based on Pattern Completion .......................................................................................................................... 79 Comparative effects of hypnosis and lidocaine on modulating pain intensity of episiotomy repair in primiparous women. ............................................................................................. 80 Survey of BA Students of general psychology of Payame Noor University of Mashhad’s vision about Hypnotic .......................................................................................................... 81 Analysis and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Medical Therapy and Hypnotherapy in Anxiety Disorder Therapy .................................................................................................... 82 Wavelet transform of electroencephalogram and heart rate signals during meditation.... 83 The Effectiveness of Relaxation, Cognitive Restructuring under Alert Hypnosis on Woman's common Migraine not treated through pharma cotherapy ................................................ 84 EEG Classification during Hypnosis ...................................................................................... 85 Clinical evaluation of hypnotism-induced local anesthesia in Endodontics ........................ 86 Index .................................................................................................................................... 88
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Welcoming Message President of The Congress
Mashhad University of Medical Science has programmed a proper and appropriate movement -as a mean to make Islamic premier aims and our scientific views possible- to reach a superior position among universities of Islamic world. With regard to this matter, interchanging views and opinions between scientists has an important role and this university appreciates that. We are honored and delighted to announce that the First International Congeress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences will be hosted by Mashhad, in the spring of 2012 and professors ,researchers and colleagues are invited to this congress. This assembly is an initiative of Anesthesiology Department of this university's collaboration with Iranian Scientific Society of Clinical Hyposis and is also in association with European and International societies of Hyposis. Recent topics and information in this field will be discussed during the congress.
It is our pleasure to welcome and host you as our esteemed guests in this scientific congress.
Mahmoud Mohammadzadeh Shabestari MD
President of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
President of Congress
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 5 5
Welcoming Message of Secretary Congress
It's my honor to invite you to participate in and also submit your articles to the First International Congress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences. This scientific event will be held by Department of Anesthesia in association with Iranian and other countries scientific forums' to improve hypnosis science. This is a great opportunity for scientifics to get familiar with put them in use for better treatment of patients.
Saeed Jahanbakhsh MD
Associated Professor of Anesthesia
Secretary of Congress
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Welcoming Message - Head of Anesthesia Department
Dear colleagues
The first international congress on clinical hypnosis and related sciences has designed
by Mashhad anesthesia department.This meeting is an opportunity to expanding districts of knowledge . I hope it open new windows to researches on this aspect of sciences.
Ghasem Soltani MD
Head of Anesthesia department
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 7 7
Welcoming Message of Organizing Chairman
Dear Friends & Colleagues
It is my honor and great pleasure to invite you to the First International Congress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences which will be held in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, on 26th-27th April 2012. A wide spectrum of topics on the captioned subject will be covered by an international faculty. A group of experts and opinion leaders, from overseas and from Iran, will deliver and exchange experience and scientific knowledge. This Congress is designed to reinforce the basic and clinical practices in the field of clinical hypnosis, and will include lectures, panel, discussions, workshops, and poster presentations. I am truly proud to invite both Iranian and international researchers to submit their papers and attend this exciting congress. I also proudly welcome you to experience Iran, with all of its cultural attractions, historical sites and exciting places to visit.I look forward to meet you in Mashhad.
Mehdi Fathi MD Fellowship of Cardiac Anesthesia
Assistant Professor of MUMS Organizing Chairman
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Welcoming Message of ISSCH President
I am so delighted that finally after years of effort by artists and scientists of clinical hypnosis,the First International Congress on Clinical Hypnosis and Related Sciences will be held in Iran. Taking history of hypnosis in Iran into account which was surrounded by superstitions and demagoguery and was away from public reach, we are so pleased that clinical hypnosis is now supported by Ministry of Health, is internationally popular and thinkers and innovators of this field are able to exchange new ideas and findings about clinical hypnosis and related sciences. I hope this congress can open a door for more interaction between Iranian and other countries' scientifics, so that therapeutic community will benefit from it .
Ali Sharifi MD
Psychiatrist President of ISSCH
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 9 9
Board Members Mahmoud Shabestari MD President of Mashhad University of Medical
Sciences , Congress President
Jalil Tavakol- Afshari MD Deputy of Education - Mashhad University
of Medical Sciences
Ali akbar Harimi MD International Department of Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences
Saeed Jahanbakhsh MD Associate Professor of Anesthesia-
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Ghasem Soltani Head of Anesthesiology Department-
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Mehdi Fathi MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesia-
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Alireza Sabzevari MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesia-
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Prof. Camillo Loriedo Psychiatrist- President of ISH
Ali Sharifi MD Psychiatrist -Member of ISSCH
Hadi Manafi MD General Surgeon Founder of ISSCH
Enayatolah Shahidi MD Member of ASCH,ISH,ISSCH
Mohammad Hossein Khaksar Member of ISSCH
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Members of Scientific Committee
Name & Surname Field of speciality University/Scientic
Organization Dr.Ali Ahmadi Abhari Neuroscientist ISSCH Dr.Hamid Akhavein Forensic Medicine Medical Council of Rasht Dr.Shahram Amini Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Morteza Iran-manesh Dermato-Pathologist ISSCH
Dr.Farnad Imani Flowship of Anesthesiology and Pain
TUMS
Dr.Mahvash Agah Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
Shahid-Beheshti Medical University
Dr.Amir Houshang Bagheri Neuroscientist ISSCH
Dr.Alireza Bameshki Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
MUMS
Dr.Morteza Behnam Rasouli PhD of Neuroscience and steriology
Ferdowsi Univesity
Dr.Javanshir Bidokhti M.D. ISSCH
Dr.Arash Peivandi Yazdi Anesthesiologist/Flowship of ICU
MUMS
Dr. Mahyar Taghavi Guilani Assistant Professor of Aneshtesiology
MUMS
Dr. S Ehsan Tahami PhD of Medical Engeneering Azad University of Mashhad Dr. Reza Jalaiean Anesthesiologist MUMS
Dr. Marjan Joudi Assistant professor of pediatric surgery
MUMS
Dr .Farhad Khadivi Zand pediatrician ISSCH Dr. Mohammad Khadivi Zand PhD of Clinical Psychology ISSCH
Dr. Mohammad Ali Khalilzade
PhD of Medical Engeneering Azad University of Mashhad
Dr. Majid Razavi Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
MUMS
Dr. Sa`adatolah Rohani Hypnotherapist ISSCH Dr. Nahid Zirak Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr. Alireza Sabzevari Pediatric Anesthesiologist MUMS
Dr.Ghasem Soltani Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
MUMS
Dr.Mehdi Sohrabi PhD of Physical Education Ferdowsi University Dr.Mohammadreza Sabz-Ali Zanjankhah
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 11
Dr.Ali Sahebi Psychologist Australia Dr.Masoumeh Tabari Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Ebrahim Abdolahian Pediatric Psychologist MUMS
Dr.Kambiz Abghari Dentist ISSCH Dr.Mohammad Alipour Anesthesiologist MUMS
Dr.Mohammad Gharavi fard Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
MUMS
Dr.Beheshteh Gholampour Psychologist MUMS Dr.Ali Ghanaie PhD of Neuroscience Ferdowsi University Dr.Mehdi Fathi Cardiac Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Rasoul Ferasat kish Professor of Anesthesiology TUMS
Dr.Masoud Fereydouni PhD of Physiology Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Dr.Mohammad Firouzmand PhD of Medical Engeneering
Dr.Hamidreza Feyz Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
TUMS
Dr.Ebrahim Golmakani Anesthesiologist MUMS
Dr.Fatemeh Mohareri Pediatric Psychologist MUMS
Dr.Mohammadian Erdi Flowship of Anesthesiology and Pain
Ardebil Medical University
Dr.Ali Moghimi PhD of Physiology Ferdowsi University Dr.Mostafa Mousavi Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Ali Nasr-abadi PhD of Medical Engeneering Pardazesh Alayem-Houshmand Inst.
Dr.Mostafa Nosrat abadi PhD of Health Psychology Parand Inst. Dr.Mohammad Ali Nazari PhD of Neuroscience Tabriz University
Dr.Mohammad reza Hashemi Golpaygani
PhD of Medical University Amir-Kabir University
Dr.Alireza Hashamian Anesthesiologist MUMS Dr.Farshad Hashemian Clinical Pharmacologist Azad University of Tehran Dr.Bahram Ali Ghanbari Hashem Abadi
Psychologist Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Dr.Camillo Loreido Psychiatrist Italy Dr.Antonio Onofri Psychiatrist ISH/ Italy Dr.Giovanni LoSavio Psychologist MEDR/ Italy Dr.Isabel Fernandez Psychiatrist ISH/ Italy Dr.Julie H.Linden Psychiatrist ISH/ USA Dr.Consuelo Casula Psychiatrist ESH/ Italy Dr.Braian Allen Psychiatrist ISH/ Australia Dr.Matthias Mende Psychologist ESH/ Austria Dr.Nicole Ruysschaert Psychiatrist ESH/ Belgium Dr.Bernhard Trenkle Psychologist ISH/ Germany Dr.Gunnar Rosen Psychiatrist ESH Dr.Arash Javanbakht Psychiatrist USA Dr.Mohammadreza Sadeghi PhD of Clinical Psychology Canada
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Introduction: In some cases in dentistry, despite an injection of local anesthetic
material, the teeth with irreversible pulpitis do not become numb, or the use of
common local anesthetic material is contraindicated for the patient. Therefore, in
these cases an alternative treatment, especially hypodontia-the use of hypnosis in
dentistry-can be introduced. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate
of hypnotism in appropriate local anesthesia in root canal therapy (Endodontics). Methods and material:This study was conducted as a clinical trial on male and
female volunteer patients, which referred to the department of endodontics of
Mashhad Dental School for endodontic treatment of vital teeth with irreversible
pulpitis.Examination forms were completed for all the patients. The patients were
excluded from the study if they had any other disease.
Then, if the patient were satisfied with participation in this study, the consent
forms were signed. Finally, 21 patients were recruited. In the presence of the
patient's companion, the patient underwent hypnosis and the necessary time to
reach suitable numbness was recorded. Next, the patients were conditioned to a key
phrase. In the second session, with the use of a key conditioning word, hypnosis
was induced more rapidly and the time to reach numbness was again recorded. The
numbness was checked and confirmed by one of the professors of endodontic
department .If the appropriate numbness existed, the patient underwent endodontic
treatment.
The results were analyzed by Mann Whitney U test, Fisher's Exact test, and
Wilcoxon Sign Rank test.
Keywords: hypnotism-anesthesia-root canal therapy
1 Professor of Endodontics ,Dental Research Center of. Mashhad University of Medical
Sciences 2 Endodontics Assistant of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
3 Dentist
4 Dentist
5 Dentist
16
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Comparison of men and women hypnotizability Tabatabaei k, Ramezani J,Takhsha N Introduction: hypnotizability is differently case by case. Some people response
better to some techniques hypnotizability applies important role in its use. This
study designed to evaluate Comparison of men and women hypnotizability.
Material and method: Method was ethological comparative. We used
waterloo stand for scale for evolution of hypnotizability. Sample was 60cases (30
men and 30women) who have experience hypnotizability state already independent
T test.
Result: female got higher scores both experimental and behavioral scales.
Collation between behavioral scales was seen.
Discussion: Our findings showed that women hypnotizability is as the same as
men then hypnosis is athrapotic approach for both sexes.
Key words: hypnosis, hypnotizability, waterloo stand
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 17
Study of Correlation between Subscale of Short Form MMPI and hypnotizability Grade
Fathi M1, Joudi M
2, Soukhtanlou M
, Sahebi M
Introduction:Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory is one of the best
clinical diagnostic instruments in all over the world. The purpose of this study is to
investigate the effect of MMPI Subscale with hypnotizability persons.
Method:Available Sampling method was used in this study. A 25-member
sample was chosen from basic training hypnosis course and they answered MMPI
at the first session. After that, at the second session hypnotizablity test was
performed on them. Data analyzing was performed through Pearson Correlation
Coefficient and with spss.13 software between all of the MMPI subscale and
hypnotizability‘s grade.
Results:Level of hypnotizable in this study was moderate to good. Ma, Sc, Hy,
Hs, Pa scale had direct correlation and D, Pd scale had indirect correlation with
hypnotizable grade. In direct Correlation, the lowest confidence level was for Hs
(0.43) and the most was for Ma (0.885). D subscale had the most and Pd subscale
had the least indirect correlation. However, totally none of the subscale had
significant correlation with hypnotizability grade of persons (P>0/05).
Discussion:This study showed that personality measures could not have a
decisive effect on hypnotizability and hypnotic depth. totally persons who have low
mood exercised mild level of hypnotic. However, it is not quiet sensible.
Perhaps the vast population is able to alter the results.
Key words: hypnotizable, MMPI
1 Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
2 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
The investigation of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy n the treatment of subjective tinnitus Moqhtaderi S1, Bahrami H2
, Mirzamani SM3
Introduction: Tinnitus is a annoying disease can cause major problems including
insomnia, impaired concentration and reduced quality of life. This study reviews
the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.
Methods and materials: This pilot was an experimental study with a pre-test
and post-test with control group. Number of persons in each group was 10 people,
including people who suffered from subjective tinnitus. People in both groups
completed tinnitus clinical questionnaires both pre-test and post- test and the
severity of their tinnitus was recorded frome one to ten. experimental group were
under hypnotherapy for 10 sessions. The control group did not perform any
psychological treatment. In this study, statistical student T- Test (independent and
dependent) were used.
Findings: The two groups were similar in range of tinnitus and age. Results
from t tests of dependent and independent in α=0.05 percent showed significant
differences between pretest and post test scores and test scores between test and
control groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that hypnotherapy could effectively reduce the
intensity of tinnitus patients in the experimental group; in the other word it
confirms effectiveness of medical hypnosis in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.
1 Biomedical Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran.
2 Electronic Department, Islamic Azad University,Mashhad Branch, Iran. 3 Biomedical Department, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran. 4 Psychological Department, Islamic Azad University,Mashhad Branch, Iran.
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 29
HYPNOBIRTHING:comparison of benefits and sideeffects Jahanbakhsh S
1, Zirak N
2 , Boroujerdi HR
3
Introduction: At now , there is great emphasis on non pharmaceutical
interferences in process of delivery simplification . Hypnobirthing is known as a
simple delivery way . Today this way has confronted with great reception of
medical community around the world .
The aim of this study is reviewal examination of using hypnosis in process of
delivery .
Methods: This study is a reviewal type study performed by looking up scientific
data bases including Scopus , Pubmed and Biomed deliberated words are :
hypnobirthing , painless delivery at period of ten years (since 2001 to 2011 ) .
The study concentration is on comparison of complications .
Results: The findings showed that there is %74 reduction in need for narcotics
or analgesics in hypnotized patients and %67 reduction of premature delivery
prevalence in comparison with the control groups . %27 of researchers have used
hypnotic dialogs on vocal files to patients . Beside , there is respectively 2.1% and
3.4% reduction in average hospitalization time of mother and newborn in hypnotic
groups in comparison with the control one .
Discussion: Hypnosis is a simple , inexpensive and safe method for improve of
delivery experiment that will cause reduction in complication due to
pharmaceutical interferences and expenses to medical care mother and newborns .
We recommend doctors and midwives to learn this method and use it for pregnant
women who are under their surveillance .
Key Words : painless delivery – Hypnosis - Hypnobirthing
1 MD-Associated professor of anesthesia-mashhad university of medical sciences 2 Assistant professor of anesthesia-mashhad university of medical sciences 3 residentof Anesthesiology ( responded Author)
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Hypnotizability Changes and Mental Disorders Sharifi A
1
The relationship between hypnotizability and mental disorders has been the
subject of many psychiatric articles in recent decades and this review article try to
collect important information about that relationship .
The important thing is that , in spite of effectiveness of hypnosis in many medical
and psychiatric disorders, there is some risk of exacerbation in many mental
disorder following induction of hypnosis, hence, exact diagnosis of such disorders
prior to hypnotherapy is essential.
This reviw article try to cover items including: Nature of hypnotizability, that is,
ability of experiencing ―Trance‖ following proper suggestions, Biological capacity
of hypnosis according to Spigle‘s theory, reversible nature of hypnotizability after
recovering from mental disorder, probable mechanisms of losing hypnotizability
due to psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, Attention
deficit–Hyperactivity disorder, Obsessive– Compulsive disorder, and Generalized
Anxiety Disorder.
On the other hand, Relation between high hypnotizability and the emergence of
Dissociative disorders, Conversion disorder, Post Traumatic Stress
disorder(PTSD), are mentioned.
And finally , the relation between ―Culture-Bound Syndromes‖ (previously called
―Culture–Bound Psychosis‖) and high hypnotizability were reviewed.
1 MA student of PE at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Associate Professor of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 3 Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 4 MD corresponded author Iranian scientific society of clinical hypnosis
5 MA student at Azad University of Torbat Jam
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Introduction to the Neurophysiology of Hypnosis Moghadam-Ahmadi A
1, Sharifi-Razavi A
2, Omrani L
3, Alamdar H
Introduction : Hypnosis has been defined throughout the ages in many
different ways, by as many different authors. Hypnosis is not ―sleep‖ but also differ
from ―waking‖ state. A review of recent neurophysiological evidence deriving
from EEG, CT, PET, MRI, and intracranial studies indicates, though, that hypnosis
is an individual differences phenomenon, i.e, a state of selective attentional and
disattentional processes, with converse physiological responses according to
hypnotizability.
Results: Although it was considered as a ―neurologic sleep‖ state, now it is
evident that ―hypnosis‖ and ―sleep‖ does not have any psychological or neurologic
properties in common. In fact, electrical function of the brain in hypnosis is more
similar to an ―awake‖ and ―aware‖ person, rather than a ―sleep‖ person.
Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of hypnosis have failed to reveal a clear-
cut EEG signature to the hypnotic state; however, EEG findings clearly establish
that hypnosis is not sleep. The hypnotic state consistently is associated with
increased theta activity in high versus low hypnotizables, yet the type and location
of theta activity may be more important in hypnotic responding than theta activity
per se.
Studies of event-related potentials (ERPs) in hypnotic influences on cognitive
and perceptual processes have provided more documents in understanding the
neurologic basis of hypnosis, and have implicated that hypnotic suggestions for
perceptual changes make some variations in brain response to the stimulus in that
specific modality. Also, functional imagery studies such as positron emission
tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies
have consistently documented significant differences in the brain functioning of
high and low hypnotizables, and suggest that hypnotic hallucinations are
comparable to actual perceptual events and not simply the product of imagination.
Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) show bilateral increase in occipital lobes, and
also in inferior frontal areas, especially in response to hypnotic inductions for
decreasing pain.
Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the evidence strongly implicates the role
of the frontal/parietal system in hypnotic responding, and particularly the role of
1 (corresponding author), Assistant professor of neurology, Rafsanjan university of medical sciences,
Rafsanjan, Iran 2 Neurology assistant, Qa‘em hospital, Mashhad university of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3 Student of general psychology, Ghoochan‘s Payame Noor university,Ghoochan,Iran
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 35
the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) as an explanatory system for many of the
phenomenon of hypnosis.
Hypnosis is an individual differences phenomenon, i.e., a complex process of
―attentive –receptive focused attention‖ with diminished peripheral awareness,
activating an interplay between cortical and subcortical brain dynamics such as
both attentional and disattentional processes. High hypnotizables have exceptional
attentional filtering and sensory-perceptual gating abilities, so that high
hypnotizability may constitute a selective pattern of brain activation/deactivation.
1 MD corresponded author Iranian scientific society of clinical hypnosis
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 41
An analysis of the effect of thermal induction on skin surface temperature under hypnotic trance
Sookhtanlou M , Sharifi H
Introduction: Since the inception of hypnosis, there has been a controversy
over the question whether hypnosis is a cognitive or physiological condition? The
importance of this matter lies in the fact that different psychological schools of
thoughts, and consequently different therapeutic methods, have their own attitude
toward hypnotism. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the ambiguity
surrounding this matter.
Method: This study was conducted on 30 students of Mashhad Payame noor
University using both pre-test and post-test. After the realization of hypnotic
trance, heating and cooling induction were carried out at two different stages. To
measure the physiological parameters, the temperature of subjects‘ both hands was
measured before and after hypnotic trance in a constant environmental temperature
using infrared thermometer (Fluke62 mini) with one degree error coefficient
To monitor the intervening variable, the temperature of both hands was measured
after induction. To examine the cognitive aspects of hypnosis, the subjects filled
out a questionnaire in Likert-scale format about the extent of temperature change
felt during hypnotism in their hand.
Results: The result of data analysis using dependent T-Test revealed there was
not a significant difference between the average temperature of the hand exposed to
cooling induction after and before hypnotism even at 95 percent confidence level,
while there was a significant difference between the hand exposed to heating
induction before and after hypnotism at 99 percent confidence level. As to the
cognitive dimension, 91 percent of the subjects had felt the heat or the cold after
trance.
Discussion: The significance of temperature difference of both hands in heating
experiment before and after hypnotic induction demonstrates that hypnotic
phenomena affect physiology. That temperature change was not significant in both
inductions can be explained as below: first the cooling experiment was conducted
and then the heating induction and subjects, having experienced hypnotism, were
more receptive to induction. The high percentage of the heat and the cold felt by
subjects also indicate to the cognitive dimension.
Key words: hypnosis, cognitive, physiological, temperature change.
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Evaluation of the effect of hypnosis on the treatment of tension headache.
Joudi Marjan1, Fathi M
2, Harati H, Joudi Maryam
Pain is the most common cause of the presence patients in the clinics, and
headache is one of the most frequent cause of ethronic pains. Tension headaches is
usually non organic and could appear at any tome of day. Although usually
increases at the end of the daily activitics. One of the non-drug therapeutic
modalities for tension headache is induction of hypnotism and relaxation. In our
study 30 patients (13 men,17 females). With mean age of 21.5 years (17.38) who
were known cases of tension headache underwent hypnotism, in 3 to 7 sessions.
Our technique was progressive relaxation and guided imagery. Patients were
followed for one month. There was no headache in 16 patients (53.3%) , while
hypnotism was not effective in 4 patients (13.3%). In 3 patients there were no
change in the intensity and frequency of headache, and in 6 patients the frequency
and intensity of pain was alleviated, so the days or treatment for analgesic was
decreased significantly. One patient did not follow the treatment and was omitted
from the study.
We concluded that this induction of hypnotism is an effective modality for te
treatment of tension headache.
Key words: Tension headache, Induction of hypnotism.
1 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
2 Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 43
Effects of self- hypnosis on the self efficasy of college students
Akbari MotlaqM1, Dastgheyb S
2, Dareke M
3, Rezayi H
4
Introduction: Self hypnosis is a state of deep relaxation that uncontious of the
person that is normally hidden and elusive, are available through it , and the
acceptance of mind in this case rises to the extent that create necessary changes in
mind. On the other hand, research has shown that increase the efficiency of its
growth and development of the individual is in restraint. So the aim of this study
was to investigate the effectiveness of self- hypnosis on the self efficasy of college
students of Jahad Academic center of mashhad.
Method & Materials: This study was semi- experimental research by using
pretest- posttest control group design. For this purpose, 34 students( 20 female and
14 male) of Jahad Academic center of mashhad city were chosen as participants
randomly. In this study self efficasy inventory( GSES) was used as pre and post-
test. The experimental group were trained on self- hypnosis. The results obtained
by using independent T- test and SPSS- 16.
Findings: results of this study showed that there was significant difference
between pre- to post test scores in experimental group.
Conclusion: With respect to the reinforcement effect of self- hypnosis on
mental forces, and also, the ability of people to learning and use of this method,
self hypnosis can utilize in order to increase self- efficacy in college students.
Key words: self- hypnosis, self efficasy, college students.
1 - M.A in general psychology, Instroctor of Islamic Azad university torbat jaam branch
2 -PHD in psychiatry, Medical sciences university of mashhad
3 - M.A in general psychology
4 - M.A in general psychology
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Surgery: An experience of spontaneous hypnosis Joudi M1
, Fathi M2
Introduction: physiologic components of hypnosis are dissociation, absorption
and reduce of peripheral awareness. Dissociation refers to disperse of inner mental
impulses. Those aren‘t in correlation with outside object. Absorption converse
mind to focus on object. Induction of these two components follows to reduce of
peripheral awareness. This Experien occures frequently every day, such as when
some body reads an article, components that mentioned above are present, then
spontaneous hypnosis occures.
Also, surgery is a process hat surgeon's mind focuses on procedure and he (she)
dissociates of unnecessary outer and owner impulses. This situation provides
imagi: nation of procedure.
Conclusion: spontaneous hypnosis occures frequently every day. Surgeons are
in hypnotic state whenever, they involve on his work.
1 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
2 Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 45
Reiew of virtual reality techniques in the treatment and assessment of obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD)
Arzegar A, Tahamy SE
Introduction: Obsessive - compulsive disorder is one of the common mental
disorders that can cause many problems for patients. In this paper the modern
virtual reality techniques are introduced and different ways of using this technique
to treat or improve the condition of patients with OCD are discussed and finally the
proper technique is proposed.
Methods: Numbers of Recent researches of VR were evaluated and in their
newest and most efficient, 30 patients with OCD and 27 healthy volunteer in the
VR environments are facing the tasks that were designed for diagnosis, treatment
and acceptance of virtual reality environment so their behavior was studied. Method involves three stages of education, acceptance environment and main
tasks.
Results: Statistical results indicated that in VR-based behavioral therapy Y-
1 MA FamilyCounselingCenterEltiam , FamilyCounseling,FarhangianClinic in Babolsar city ,
community member of counseling Education'sFereydonkenar city
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 51
EEG Signal assessment in the OCD patients using Quantification of Event Related Potentials
Khaksar MH1
Khalilzadeh MA , 2
Yousef Zadeh V , 3
Ghanae A , 4
Moghimi A , 5
Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most
prevalent Obsessive disorders with anxiety many other behavioral symptoms.
Quantification and assessment of brain signals (EEG) and comparison with the
healthy controls in order to faster detection and differential diagnosis of behavioral
disorders is one of the interests of researchers. The aim of this study was evaluation
of brain signals of OCD patients using event related potential (ERP) signals. The
objectives are, Evaluation varying of ERP signals related to working memory for
the subjects response which is disturbed due to OCDand comparison with healthy
control subjects.
Method and Materials: The main focus of this project was on the selection of
real and the same type of OCD subjects and Optimum data acquisition and signal
processing. In the data acquisition part we provided a setup to record three
channels ERP signal from 20 healthy and 20 patient subjects (all volunteers) which
were selected through clinical interviews and Bill Brown test. In the signal
processing part, the procedure were followed as, noise and EOG artifact removal,
ERP extraction by synchronize averaging, feature extraction including 48 time,
frequency and wavelet features, feature optimization by PCA and finally, data
classification using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Elman Neural Network,
and Support Vector Machine (SVM).
Results: the discrimination of ERP signals related to True responses for the
healthy and OCD subjects in 300-800 msec after stimulus were more activated and
in the best case, the responses 98 percent were classified by SVM classifier in the
PZ channel. Also, ERP signals related to the False responses for the healthy and
OCD subjects in 700-1000 msec after stimulus were more activated in the best
1 M.Sc in biomedical Engineering – The Applied Research Center For Neurofeedback &
Neurobehavioral Sciences (AREN) – Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad – Iran. 2 PhD in biomedical Engineering– Islamic Azad University Of Mashhad - Iran
3 PhD scholar, center of intelligent signal and imaging research, Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering – University Technology, PETRONAS, perak, Malaysia 4 PhD in NeuroSciences - Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad - Iran
5 PhD in neurophysiology - The Applied Research Center For Neurofeedback
&Neurobehavioral Sciences (AREN) – Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad - Iran
52
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
case, the responses 92.3 percent were classified by SVM classifier in the PZ, CZ
channels. OCD response category showed more activation especially in the 500-
800 msec in comparison to healthy subjects. The total classification result for
whole three channels was about 96 percent which shows that the proposed method
can be considered as a proper tool for discrimination of response categories.
Conclusion: The obtained results were adopted with the previous studies that
claimed the significant differences of the ERP signal amplitude in OCD subjects.
Obtaining ERP signal of a suspicious for OCD and its evaluation would be proper
potential factor to detect the present of the disorder in patients.
Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Event Related Potential,
Working memory
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 53
The effect of hypnotic inspirations upon fluctuations of student's balance
Mirpour M, Moghaddam A
Nowadays psychological of sport with surveying of various mental skills and
profiting of scientific method have much influence in sport (Moghadam, 2006).
Some subjects that was interested by psychological researchers of sport; is he
studying of hypnotic effects in athletics function, so that because of such
researches, using of hypnotism in sport gradually, has found its own place in sport
practices, competitions scene and matches. Main reason for using of hypnotic in
sport is the increasing and improvement of function and/or related aspects of
function increasing such as decreasing of stress and anxiety, increasing of tendency
and concentrate, increasing of motive and mentality.
For this hypnotism was called as mental doping (kastel vilmer, 2005), because when
athletic is in hypnotism manner, it is making for him rapture and appeal manner,
decrising and separate knowledge of circumstance and also producing of inspiration in
him (Nasr abadi 2003). With such approach; this research is proceeding to the
comparison of the effect of hypnotically inspirations upon fluctuations of student's
balance. The research was completed in manner of semi-experimental method and from
fundamental type. The participants in this research was including of 22 students of
physical education which were studying in Islamic azad university- Mashhad banch with
average of 24 age, that were volunteer and eligible for participating in research. The
capability of hypnotism in participants was tested using of Estenfords capability of
hypnotism measure (1987). Collective measure of Estenfords, is including of 12 testes
for surveying of capability of hypnotism, which is consisting all ideals and works that
are practicable. Grading to this measure is based on some questions which is asked from
the person and can perform collective. also the balance was metered using of a digital
evaluation balance machine or body condition evaluation machine. This machine meters
the postural fluctuations of that person in different directions. In this research was using
from general index of body postural fluctuations in all directions (deviance scale of
balance point) as balance. Duty of participant was under the condition to become or
stand balance without hypnotic infusions (basic condition), in manner of hypnotism and
after the hypnotism (5 minuets- two weeks) on evaluation balance machine. All the
participants in every condition has performed for 20 seconds attempt upon the evaluation
balance machine. For analyzing of data used t test that is using for statistical analyze.
Results: The results about fluctuation indictor as balance performing indictor
hows that there is main effect, which is meaningful, in hypnotic inspirations upon
hysique/ balance fluctuations, so that, becoming conditional toward hypnotism
inspirations, has been establishing suitable improvement in balance operation on
different condition of task.
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Hypnodontic Ramezani H
1 Introduction:Hypnodontic is a branch of dentistry which discussed control and
application of suggestion and the induction of hypnosis for dental procedures.
Methods: A comprehensive review of Databases Meddline,Pubmed,Scopus by
using key words: Hypnodontic, Dental analgesia & Dental anxiety. article of the analgesic effects of hypnosis in dentistry and dental anxiety were
reviewed.
Results: Been investigated in studies The following were emphasized more than
others: Cooperation, especially in pediatric patients. Reduce patients anxiety and
fear,and prevention of fear for the next visits. Prepare patients for analgesia (At
90%) Or the use of hypnoanesthesia alone (About 20 to 30%). Allows us to forget
the painful past medical affairs. Reducing or stopping the flow of saliva. catalpsy
or freezing in maxilofacial muscles to maintain muscle during the treatment period. Increasing the duration of anesthesia by post hypnotic suggestions. Eliminate
nausea and spitting reflex in patients using removable prosthodontics and
orthodontic appliances.
Conclusion: All dentists can learn all the techniques of hypnotherapy and do
not need unusual and wonderful powers. The use of hypnosis for dental treatments,
does not have the smallest danger or complication . Hypnodontic does not create
any risk of psychiatric complications for dental patients. The author recommends
learning hypnosis to dentists.
1 ( D.D.S. & Hypnodentist ) Founding board member of Iranian Society of Clinical Hypnosis.
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 55
A pilot study of the use of hypnosis and suggestion in pediatric dentistry in Mashhad dental school
Makarem A1, Sariri HR
2
The foundation of practicing dentistry for children is the ability to guide them
through their dental experiences. In the short term; this ability is prerequisite to
providing for their immediate dental needs.
The use of hypnosis in dentistry is sometimes referred to as HYPNODONTICS.
Hennon comments that hypnodontics can become an extension of an already
established chair side manner. The technique has no significant disadvantages if the
practitioner regards it as an alternative to behavior management and not as the
ultimate solution to all management problems. Hypnosis and suggestion are
applied for a variety of causes in the field of dentistry as follows: Inducing
anesthesia, control functional or psychosomatic gagging, control hemorrhage and
salivation, prevent and treatment of oral habits (e.g. thumbsuking, bruxism … )
11 children who need dental treatment and have some behavior problem, such as:
management of behavior, anesthesia induces, gagging control, hemorrhage and
salivation control and had bad oral habits, were treated in Pediatric dentistry
department of Mashhad dental school. Of 4 children who were under treatment
with this technique 3 of them showed a better result to our treatment and 1 was not
significantly successful. From 3 children who went under local anesthesia 2 of
them gave a positive result and 1 ended up to be not significantly important.
Moreover, the two children who had bleeding and salivation control problem were
treat with suggestion showed positive result. Finally, the only child who was
treated by using this technique because of oral bleeding gave a very positive result.
Conclusion: This study showed that if the dentist regards hypnosis and
suggestion as an alternative to behavior management and not as the ultimate
solution to all management problems the technique will be successful and has no
significant disadvantages.
1 Professor of Pediatric dentistry
2 Dentist
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Anesthesia and analgesia in hypnosis in operation Soltani Nadjaf Abadi F
1
Zigmond Froid he is the base man in Psychology .
He and Bruer ( his coworker) studied in technical of hypnosis in control of
pair especially in operation pain.
In orther to better understand of mechanism of hypnosis we should be
review of this.
In the first stage you feel like to take a nap. (The brain,s waves become Alfa
)feeling relaxation , but contrary to sleeping only concentration in this stage
causes you to enter the second stage of hypnosis .In this stage more
concentration and deep hypnosis cause the body relaxation and calmness so
that finally there is a complete insensibility .Just like syncope ,you forget time
and place .Grandually, the body enters the third stage when you have no
awareness of the environment so that you can 't hear and voice.Despite the eyes
opened ,you can not see anything .Nothing occured to you .In this stage you
can hear and see only what you concentrate on it.
This is a question how hypnosis help to control of pain in operation we
know that hypnosis acts directly by means of endogenous stimulation of
opium crrent.
Naloxan as an antagonist of opium has no effect on hypnotic
insensibility.Hypnosis cause Beta and andorphine increase in blood serum and
also psychological processes and non physiologic effects. It seems that hypnosis
acts much more that an plasibo.Hypnosis insensibility considers both awareness
of pain and the techniques of pain release like distraction , calmness , relaxation,
changing the situation and the resistance against pain.Actually , hypnosis is an
ability of changing psychological components against the experiment of pain.
Hyposis can manage and control of post surgical pain. David Pederson a
spokesperson for the American Association of Nurse Anesthetist which
recognize the techniques as a valid from of analgesia. It is often natural for
anesthesia that everything is fine to put them in a comfort zone a form of
hypnosis , he said hypnosis can be an effective way to control and find cause
for insomnia, auxiety and pain.These patient are discharged as soon as
possible and save their money.
1 BS of nursing of shahid rajae heart hospital
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 57
Historical procedure of Hypnotism according to documents and thesis
Kafie R
Our medical history is full of Hypnotism documents and historical procedure
which have been remained in our ancestor‘s manuscripts. Reviewing the
manuscripts show the usage and required information of Hypnotism also studying
some of available documents in library of Shahid Beheshti University and the
national archives contains many interesting information about Hypnotism.
In this study which has been based on the thesis and documents available in
Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University and the national archives can illustrate the
historical procedure of Hypnotism.
In this paper around 2000 documents have been reviewed from the classified
medical documents, and the required information about the Hypnotism and
Magnetism has been selected.
Studying about 7 dental theses illustrates the various attitudes and applying the
new techniques which have been gone to oblivion from while ago.
These thesis contain the information about the historical procedure of Hypnotism.
Key words: Hypnotism, Magnetism,mesmerisim
58
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Effectiveness of Hypnotism in Anxiety Reduction (A Laboratory Study) Borhani F
1
Descriptive Study: In a laboratory study, the results of clinical research about
the effects of hypnotism in reducing anxiety during 1997-2011 have been analyzed.
The articles including 15 clinical papers, 5 meta-analytic reports and laboratory
researches have been selected from the International Journal of Clinical
Hypnotism. The total subjects in clinical articles were 901 and the number of
subjects in meta-analytic and laboratory studies has not been mentioned.
Statistical Analysis:The vas has been used in analyzing all of the
abovementioned articles. Both genders and all of age groups participated in the
research. In all researches, there was a control group. The anxiety factor in
different problems including delivery pain, post-operation pain, memory reduction,
and exam stress has been assessed.
Results: The results of measurements indicate that hypnotism is more effective
in comparison with other methods or control group. In all of the studies, anxiety
reduction was approved.
Discussion: With consideration to the fact that the studies have been conducted
on different age groups for both genders with various problems, the effectiveness
of hypnotism as a complementary therapeutic method for reducing anxiety is
approved.
Key words: Hypnotism, vas, anxiety
1 Holding bachelor‘s degree in midwifery and yoga instructor Member of the Iranian Hypnotism
Association
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 59
Hypnosis and nursing care Lotfi Fatemi SN
1
Introduction: Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. Patients entering
hospitals, clinics or physician's offices for procedures are in an altered state, which
makes them more susceptible to suggestions by health care workers. No health care
worker spends more time with the patient than the nurse; therefore, it makes sense
that hypnosis and nursing are a perfect combination.It is the nurse's responsibility
to know the difference between negative toxic language and therapeutic positive
language.
Method: this is a review article that has been provided descriptively.We studied
available resources such as the relevant books, workshops, and articles which
published in Pubmed and Medline.
Results:Of all professions, nursing is the most trusted. This is because nursing
care is based on rapport with the patient. For the nurse, rapport is gaining trust and
confidence. For hypnotists, rapport is a light stage of hypnosis in which the client
or patient accepts suggestions. Research shows that when rapport (hypnosis)
between the patient and the health care provider is optimal, the healing process is
enhanced.
Nurses and Nurse Anesthetists are in a perfect position to use words to change
thoughts. They can say to patients, as they enter general anesthesia, "You will
wake up feeling better than you thought you would - feeling pleasantly." And when
the patient is emerging from anesthesia, they can say, "You should be comfortable;
if not let us know."
Unfortunately, as many nurses and nurse anesthetists talk to their patients, they
are not aware of how their words impact the patient in their hypnotic rapport state.
Words can be toxic or therapeutic, therefore to use hypnosis, suggestion and
rapport effectively, it is important for the nurse to understand that a simple question
can have either a positive or negative effect on the patient. For example: "How bad
is your pain?" is suggesting there is pain and that it is bad. instead of asking, "What
is your pain level?" health care workers ask, "What is your comfort level?" A
different perception gives a different physical response which in turn has shown to
actually lessen the patient's pain.
Conclusion:Hypnosis is becoming more acceptable as an adjunct to nursing
practice. It is a normal phenomenon that can be used positively or negatively to
influence patient outcomes. Nurses trained in hypnosis greatly enhance patient
satisfaction and outcomes because they understand how to use positive and
therapeutic language. Unfortunately, for every nurse trained in hypnotic techniques
there are thousands who aren't.
1 (MSn) Mashhad university medical science
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Child Delivery without Labor Pain through Hypnosis Khazaei S
1 , Khazaei S
2
Introduction:Giving birth to a child is a very special moment for a women. The
feeling of becoming a mother is just unexplainable in words. However, some
women are extra cautious when it comes to child birth, especially on the issue of
labor pain. But there is an easy to minimize it, and have a safe delivery. Some
women worry too much about pain that they have to go through during child birth.
The fact is that the amount of pain that they have while delivery is mostly
dependent on their mindset.
Methods & Material: Library and web search, met analysis research
Results: If we watch a few movies, that show a woman going through severe
pain during child birth, then our subconscious mind will start believing that its
really painful, and that will make us suffer at the time of delivery for no real
reason! To avoid it, we have to understand that most of the things shown in movies
are highly dramatized, and in reality women hardly have 10 % of labor pain than
what they show in movies.
Now a days, lots of hospitals use hypnotherapy in order to minimize labor pain.
Every woman, who went through hypnosis session, reported of normal delivery,
and minimum labor pain. Some of the women also learned how to control their
anxiety and tension through self hypnosis, and they too had normal deliveries. So,
we can conclude that the pain is more in the mind than it is in real, and hypnosis
can help all the women to minimize their labor pain. Relaxation during labor is key
to having a peaceful, enjoyable birth experience. High levels of adrenaline can
hinder the birth canal's ability to stretch and accommodate a baby. Staying relaxed
in a comfortable, intimate atmosphere will lower adrenaline levels and facilitate the
opening of the cervix and vagina and allow for an easier birth. Methods such as
deep breathing, meditation, hypnosis, prayer, laughter and gentle coaching can help
pregnant women relax, stay calm and breathe through their contractions and birth
sensations.
1 Sub specialist of pediatric diseases-MPH-Medical assistant professor-Ministry of health
and medical education-Tehran 2 Family Physition-Mashhad
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 61
Forensic Medicine Hypnosis use Maleki Delarestaghi A
1, Morvarid M
2
Background & objective: ―Hypnosis is not magic,‖ on the contrary, it is
transient variation of awareness that is associated with change of imaging,
suggestibility, concentration, and the degree of Dissociation. Nowadays use of it
for Therapeutic or Investigative purposes. There are some differences between
Therapeutic and Investigative Hypnosis. Forensic Hypnosis means to investigate
with Hypnosis as the main tool and the purpose of a forensic session is to refresh
the subject‘s memory. The use of hypnosis as an investigative tool for law
enforcement is a fairly recent development although it was used for this purpose at
various times, there was no concentrated effort to develop it as a practicable
working tool until about 1970 and Currently many major police agencies are using
hypnosis to some degree in criminal cases. But there is controversies over the use
of hypnosis because of the most of courts has misunderstood the issue of hypnosis,
and exclude hypnotically refreshed testimony as "inherently unreliable" Virtually,
therefore Forensic Hypnosis may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction yet, and
many courts prohibit a person from testifying about information that arose during
hypnosis. But receiving incorrect information from a witness/victim is not a
hypnosis issue because police officers using standard interview techniques get
incorrect information from witnesses who may be confused and no hypnosis is
involved. Since when using hypnosis to refresh memory, subjects may get correct
information, incorrect information, or a combination of both. Hypnotically
refreshed recall standing alone, without corroboration. For that reason it is
insufficient for an arrest or indictment, and corroboration is needed to support the
reliability of information obtained through hypnosis.
The present study describes benefits of forensic application of hypnosis
according literatures in all over the world and in addition a report of use of
hypnosis in help to two innocent incriminations that had been accused of killing the
a manager man.
Conclusions: Hypnosis is not an appropriate method for demonstrating the
crime but it is a useful tool in recalling the key points of criminal events by witness
or victim, and also in exonerating of suspect. It is believed that the use of hypnosis
can be effective if investigations perform under certain condition and based on
appropriate guidelines. For these specified advantages, it is better to give more
attention for using hypnosis in forensic medicine like other detection methods such
1 M.D; Forensic Medicine specialist & Hypnotherapist ; Legal medicine Organization, Iran.
2 Expert of research, cultural; artic & researcher institute Tansar, Iran
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
The effect of hypnosis in treating test anxiety Khalilzadeh N
1
Introduction: Hypnotherapy techniques, especially in the treatment is one
important technique in mental disorders. Among Mental disorders ,anxiety
through psychological problems is one of the most basic. The main aim of this
study is the effect hypnotherapy of treating test anxiety in students .
Methods and materials: The number of Payame Noor students is a problem
with test anxiety were 23 patients referred for treatment after the call to register.
Gender of both sexes and from different disciplines involved. In this study for the
effects of Hypnotherapy Sarasvn anxiety questionnaire has been used. Statistical
data analysis using Pearson correlation test and the t test with using SPSS software
for analysis of survey data analysis hypotheses are discussed.
Findings: The results can be said between pre-test and post-test found
significant differences (p <./05) Suggests that the impact in the treatment of test
anxiety is Hypnotherapy. But there was no significant relationship between mean
and anxiety, and anxiety as well as a significant relationship was found between the
disciplines.
Conclusion: Test anxiety is one of the fundamental problems in students. Due
to the effect that this treatment was hypnotherapy, we can utilize this technique for
treating this group of students.
Key words: Test Anxiety, Hypnotherapy, Student
1 Faculty member of payam e Noor University
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 63
The effectiveness of Hypnosis therapy in reducing anxiety in women with Anxiety Disorder Sadat Pournesaei G
1,
Pouragha Rudborde M
2
Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of hypnosis in reducing anxiety in
women with generalized anxiety disorder have been conducted.
Method: Subjects were women with generalized anxiety disorder, diagnostic
interview by a psychiatrist selected And psychological counseling center were referred
for treatment and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. To
investigate the effect of hypnosis in reducing anxiety before and after hypnosis
therapy from Cattle Anxiety Questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using
analysis of covariance test.
Finding: The findings showed that anxiety scores between the experimental and
control groups before therapy, hypnosis, there is no significant difference, While the
experimental group after hypnosis therapy, anxiety scores were lower than the control
group. Furthermore, Anxiety scores between subjects in the experimental group, the
Cattell Anxiety Questionnaire before and after hypnosis therapy, significant
differences were observed.
conclusion: Hypnosis therapy reduces anxiety in women with Generalized Anxiety
Disorder and This treatment can be Used along with other psychological treatments as
one of the ways to reduce anxiety.
Keywords: Hypnosis therapy, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Women
1 .M.A in General psychology, Azad university of Tonekabon(corresponding author), Therapist
2 M.A in General psychology, Guilan university
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Relationship between EI and humanities students, and technical - engineering Safary A, Jalaly R
Since there have been Emotional Intelligence Cause acquired and can be over
effect of the parts Life Sensitive over Individuals. And on the other hand cause
anxiety the decrease and increase over effect in individuals life. And also may be
cause disrupt, I have been understand essential researches make on the title and
understand in the title individuals emotional intelligence can be control the anxiety
in individual.
The sample group include 384 feted individuals university Azad Islamic
Roodehen the type of research is correlation. The measuring tools were
Spiellberger anxiety index, shoot scale emotional intelligence and the short
question by the researcher including demographic information. In order (Z) and
independent (T) have been used. The result achieved, show that the between
emotional intelligence. And anxiety is meaningfully and also there was such a
meaningful relation observed between component anxiety and component EQ.
Key words : Spiellberger anxiety inventory, anxiety, Emotional Intelligence
shoot scale emotional intelligence.
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 65
Investigation to Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Treatment Major Depressive Disorder in Patients client of Qods Hospital Mohammad Zade Sarve, Mohammad Zade Samako
Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that uses electroencephalography or
fMRI to provide a signal that can be used by a person to receive feedback about
brain activity.
Like other forms of biofeedback, neurofeedback training (NFT) uses monitoring
devices to provide moment-to-moment information to an individual on the state of
their physiological functioning. The characteristic that distinguishes NFT from
other biofeedback is a focus on the central nervous system and the brain.
Being a self-regulation method, NFT differs from other accepted research-
consistent neuro-modulatory approaches such as transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) that provoke an automatic brain response by presenting a specific signal.
Outlines of this research is Investigation to Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on
Treatment Major Depressive Disorder in Patients client of Qods Hospital.major
depressive disorder one of the most popular psychiatric diagnosis that its
patognomonic character is depressed mood ,blue emotion and loss of present in
almost all of life dimension.
Research is experimental and assignment is random. Patients that received MDD
diagnosis and hospitalized and receive chemical therapy were contributed in
research (each group-experiment10 member and control group 10
member)experiment group received 8 session neurofeedback therapy and control
group was received drug therapy only(for ethical aspect control group recived 1
session neurofeedback Theraqpy after research processes.criterias for contributing
in research was psychiatristic diagnosis and point13 in Hamilton scale.
Conclusion: conclusions of data analisys with T test shows significant
differences in experimental and control group.means after therapy in experimental
group was 5.25 and in control group was 7.63( P<0.01)
Discussion: like other research this research confirms effectivity of this
approach.neurofeedback is a self regulation approach that is free of drug therapy
restrictions.
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
The Recommendation of Using Electromagnetic Waves to Facilitate Hypnosis Infusion
Shafiei SA1, Sabbagh SA
There have been almost lots of researches on the relation between EEG and
hypnosis and the common findings between all of them show that people with high
capacity of being hypnotized, compared to those with lower capacity, have more
tendency to show the amount of slow rhythms (theta & alpha) both before and
during the process of hypnosis infusion. It's also observed that there is an increase
of alpha rhythm among all people (specially among those with high capacity of
being hypnotized) after hypnosis infusions, so that through training Neurofeedback
by increasing theta (4-7.5 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms and the ratio of theta to
alpha, the response to hypnosis infusion increases. For example, training
Neurofeedback on the basis of enhancing the theta rhythm of region Pz, increases
the readiness of being hypnotized significantly. But the fundamental issue is that
for hypnosis infusion to happen, a quiet environment and mental inactivity of the
person who takes part in that process is required which contradicts the very basis of
Neurofeedback technique and is not performable during the process of hypnosis
infusion. So this technique is used before the hypnosis infusion in order to increase
the capacity of being hypnotized.
Most of the researchers have surveyed the effect of very weak magnetic fields
upon brain signals and it is observed that magnetic fields, according to their
amplitude and frequency, have different influences on brain signals of different
parts of head. Some of them are influential on alpha band. We can also indicate the
increase of alpha band after radiating 80 microtesla of magnetic field with 50-60
Hz frequency and after exposure 1.26 mT field with 45 Hz frequency or the
increase of theta band because of exposure in field with 3 Hz frequency.
According to the two arguments presented above, it could be concluded that
applying magnetic field with specific strength and frequency which can reinforce
alpha or theta band may be influential during the process of hypnosis infusion.
Doing some incorporative researches about hypnosis infusion as well as exposure
of magnetic field is recommended.
Keywords: Hypnosis, Magnetic Field. EEG
1 - Assistant professor of Biophysics-Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan
University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 67
The effect of hypnotherapy on symptoms severity of irritable bowel syndrom Musavi H1 , Hormati A2, Heidari M3 , Arab Yaghoobi M4, Ramazani AA5
Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrom(IBS) is the most common functional
gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, distention, and
altered bowel habits. Psychological factors can involve patients. This study
conducted to evaluate the effect of hypnotherapy on reduction of IBSsymptoms
severity.
Methods and materials: this study is a clinical trial which was held from
Nov.2011 to Jan.2012. population included 20 patients who were refractory to
standard managements which screened based on RomeIVcriteria in the
gastrointestinal out patient clinic of zabol university of medical sciences by one
gastroentrologist.basic condition for entrance to study was absence of any other
psychiatric or organic disease.12patients whom selected randomly; recived
hypnotherapy(12sessions during 6weeks)and the other 8patiens were inwaiting list
continued standard management.in order to evaluation and monitoring
severityscore changes; each patient completed a standard questionnaire (the
irritable bowel severity scoring system)before intervention and 3 months later. data
were evaluated with spss software using wilcoxon and mann-whitney tests.
Findings:12patients who recived hypnotherapy included 7females(%58.33)
With mean age 35.71 and 5 males (%41.66) mean age 27.60years.improvement
%50.00and quility of life% 83.33which all of these changes were statistically
significant(p<.05).mann-whitney test didn‘show difference betweem male and
female.
Conclusion: this study showed hypnotherapy is effective on reducing of
symptoms severity comparing with control group in patient with refractory IBS
considerig its cost benefits and no side effect.there for can be recommended for
refractory IBS in combination with standard management.
Key word: hypnotherapy, irritable bowel syndrome.
1 Assistant professor of gasroentrology ,Department of internal medicine,school of Medicine,zabol
university of medical sciences,zabol,Iran 2 Assistant professor of internal medicine,Department of internal medicine,school of medicine,zabol
university of medical sciences,zabol,Iran. 3 Assistant professor of psychiatry,Department of psychiatry,school of medicine,zabol university of
medical sciences,zabol,Iran 4 corresponding Author General practitioner and hypnotherapist,zabol univrsity of medical
sciences,zabol,Iran, Corresponding Author Email:[email protected] 5MSc in epidemiology,Department of epidemiology.school of health,zabol university of medical
sciences,zabol,Iran
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Survey effect of Hypnotherapy on improving the health of neurotic patients referred to a psychiatrist and choice Counseling Center of Shiraz
Borzooei M1 , Zoladl M
Introduction :Neurosis were defined as non-psychotic disorders or non-chronic
that directly expressed or experience and and anxiety is their main characteristics.
This category of mental disorders that are about 10 percent of the population of
each country involved, including a group of symptoms that the patient upset and
his may assume them unacceptable or bizarre (ego-dystonic) .
In this state, the reality testing remained largely intact, but patients indicating
symptoms such as anxiety, fear, depression, vague pains. And other obvious
physical symptoms of their.
One of the ways to improve health care for these patients, treatment is
Hypnotherapy or trance that
According to definition of Pirzhaneh, in which a kind of therapy that therapist
with a separate and taking charge of and receptive aspects of mind and ineffective
to other aspects, offer the person under therapeutic and positive induction.
According to above, this study aimed to survey effect of Hypnotherapy on
improving the health of neurotic patients have been carried out.
Methods and materials :In this half-experimental, 30 neurotic patients,
referred to a psychiatrist and counseling center's criteria for having participated in
the study were selected and were divided randomly into two case and control
groups.
The data gathering tool in this research, in addition to demographic data, quality
of life questionnaires (SF-36) wich is considered a general tool for monitoring
health status and effect of treatments, first, as before and after hypnotherapy test
cases, as a test case and control groups was completed by all research units and the
resulting data using descriptive and inferential statistics, including nonparametric
tests including Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were analyzed by SPSS
software.
Findings :In this study, the average of quality of life‘s score was befor
intervention in the case group (1092/67) and control group (1288/67) and the
Mann-Whitney u test Indicated that between the scores of both groups before the
intervention, there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups
are similar in this respect (p = 0/271).
1 corresponded author Payame Noor of kharameh University –Tarbiat modarress University.
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 69
The average of quality of life‘s score after Hypnotherapy, in case (2633) and in
the control group (2033) that Mann-Whitney u test was indicated that the scores of
cases and controls after Hypnotherapy,there is a statistically significant difference
(p = 0/003)
Wilcoxon test results also indicate that in the case, the quality of life scores of
research units after Hypnotherapy,was significantly higher than their scores before
the intervention(p=0/001).
Conclusion :According to the above results, Hypnotherapy has caused health
promotion of neurotic patients,
Therefore, researchers emphasis to necessity do hypnotherapy as a
complementary treatment in these patients and in this direction, training
Hypnotherapy suggest to psychiatric team consisting of psychiatrists, psychiatric
nurses and psychologists .
Key words: Hypnotherapy, Improving the health , Quality of life , Neurotic
disorders , Psychiatrist, Counseling Center
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Effectiveness of Yoga and Music Therapy in Anxiety Reduction
Borhani F1
Descriptive Study: In a laboratory study, the results of clinical researches about
the effect of music therapy and yoga on anxiety reduction have been studied.
The articles were selected from the website of the International Confederation of
Music Therapy until 2005 and the International Journal of Yoga up to 2009.
In yoga group, 8 clinical studies were analyzed and a meta-analytic study
including 10 clinical research papers and a periodical study until 2011 were
considered.
In music therapy group, 5 clinical studies and a meta-analytic study including 29
clinical research papers were analyzed.
Statistical Analysis:In music therapy group, the number of subjects in clinical
research papers was 143 and in meta-analytic study, 1781 subjects were studied. In
all of studies, there were control groups. The subjects were selected from among
both genders and with all age range including children and adults.
The factor of anxiety measurement in all of the articles was considered and music
therapy was compared with other methods.
In yoga group, the number of subjects in 8 clinical research papers was 803 and
in meta-analytic study, 10 research papers were studied. The studied articles and
papers have been published until 2000. In the periodical study, the articles
published until 2011 were studied. There were control groups in all studies. The
subjects were selected from both genders in all age groups. The factor of anxiety
scale was considered in all articles.
Results: The results of the researches conducted in both music and yoga therapy
were declared on the basis of correlation coefficient scale (p). There was a
significant relation between music therapy and anxiety reduction in all of music
therapy researches. The correlation coefficient between p<0.001to 0.004 showed
the anxiety reduction.
In yoga group, there was a significant relation between the anxiety reduction and
yoga exercises (including all parts). The correlation coefficient between p <0.001to
0.004 showed the anxiety reduction.
Conclusion:With consideration to the conducted clinical studies, it seems that
both methodologies including yoga and music therapy are effective in reducing
anxiety.
Key words: yoga, music therapy, anxiety, correlation coefficient.
1 Holding bachelor‘s degree in midwifery and yoga instructor Member of the Iranian Hypnotism
Association
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 71
Metacognitive Therapy, Hypnotherapy, and Combined treatment in treating Secondary Vaginismus due to Rape
Shareh H1, Haghi E
2
Introduction: Although treatments with demonstrated efficacy exist for
vaginismus; there are fewer researches on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and
metacognitive therapy in treating vaginismus. The aim of this study was to
investigate the efficacy of metacognitive therapy (MCT) compare to hypnotherapy
and the combination of MCT with hypnotherapy in treating secondary vaginismus
due to rape.
Methods and materials: In an experimental study, 36 secondary vaginismus
outpatients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: MCT,
hypnotherapy and combined treatment group. All the patients received 12 weeks of
treatment. Six questionnaires were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment
and at 6-month follow up: Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Penn inventory for
PTSD, Impact of events scale, Female sexual function inventory (FSFI), Subjective
units of distress (SUD) and Metacognitions questionnaire-short Form (MCQ-30).
Group differences were examined using one-way analysis of covariance
(ANCOVAs), repeated measure analysis of variance, clinically significant change,
and pre- to post-treatment percentage improvement on each of the outcome
measures using the SPSS-19 statistical package.
Findings: 34 patients completed this study. Results in post treatment and follow
up showed that combined treatment lead to a more significant improvement in the
severity of PTSD symptoms, anxiety, subjective distress, sexual function, and
metacognitions (all p<0.05) than hypnotherapy and MCT. Although there were no
significant differences between MCT and hypnotherapy in post treatment, MCT
lead to a more significant improvement than hypnotherapy at follow up. Repeated
measure ANOVA for each group showed that, compared to hypnotherapy and
MCT, changes were faster in combined treatment groups.
Conclusion: Combined treatment is more effective than hypnotherapy and MCT
in treating secondary vaginismus due to rape.
Key words: Vaginismus; Rape; Metacognitive therapy; Hypnotherapy, Sexual
function.
1 Corresponding author Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Sabzevar Tarbiat Moallem
University (Hakim Sabzevari University), Sabzevar, Iran, IR 2 M.Sc. Student of Clinical Psychology, International Branch of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran,
IR.
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Hypnotic and psychiatric disorders Eshrati T
1, Ghaseminejad MA
2 , Purgholami F
3
Background: Hypnosis has been used to treat various physical and
psychological disorders. The aim of this study was reviews hypnosis therapy on the
psychological and psychiatric disorders. Method: In this paper, the word hypnosis
in sciencedirect site was searched and 538 articles were found with title hypnosis.
Then consider that hypnosis is used to treat witch of psychiatric disorders.
Results: Results showed that hypnosis is used in treating disorders such as post-
traumatic stress disorder, tension headaches, types of phobia, substance abuse,
alcoholism, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, epilepsy, insomnia, anorexia
nervosa, mental syndrome, IBS…
Conclusion: The results showed that hypnosis has had a positive effect on a
number of these disorders; hypnosis can also be useful as a solution used in the
1 Pediatric Department, Dental School, yazd University of Medical Sciences, yazd 2 Pediatric Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 3 Pediatric Department, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 4 Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dental school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad 5 Psychiatry Department, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 6 Psychiatry Department, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 77
The study of hypnosis effect on weight loss in over weight person adjuvant to low calorie diet therapy
Rezazadeh N.1, Shahrabadi H.
2
Introduction: The escalation of obesity rates in the world with changed
lifestyle persuade researchers to discover the perfect weight loss method. Obesity
not only impacts lifestyle but can also lead to serious obesity-related health
conditions. Hypnotherapy can be used to modify your perceptions, behavior,
sensations and emotions, attention is highly focused and more responsive to
suggestions, including behavior changes that can help to lose weight. In this study
we tried to evaluate effectiveness of weight-loss hypnosis and compare with classic
diet therapy (low calorie) alone (1).
Method and materials: In this study we enrolled 32 women with overweight
claim that referred to private diet therapy clinic. Medical history was taken and
diagnostic test do to exclude Underlying causes of obesity, including endocrine and
metabolic factors, on clinical grounds. Subjects were between 17 and 65 years old
and met the requirement of being with BMI(Body Mass Index) more than 27 as
overweight and obese.Subjects were randomly placed in one of two groups. Group
1 (16 cases) receive low-calorie diet. Group 2(16 cases) received low- calorie diet
plus hypnotherapy. For each subject, data was recorded on the following variables:
age, weight, height, and weight control recorded in second, third, 5th, 7th, 9th
weeks. Obesity and overweight measured with Body Mass Index (BMI). It is
calculated as weight (in kg) divided by height (in meters) squared .
Findings:Mean of age in participants who had used a Low Calorie Diet (LCD)
alone, was 34.3 years old(sd=11.7) average of weight was 87.45 kg (sd= 11.5 )and
mean of BMI was 30.67 (sd=3.6 ). with Hypnosis group, mean of age was 32.18
years old (sd=12.8) and average of weight was 77.45 kg (sd=15.2) and mean of BMI
was 31.2.Data distribution was normally and in comparing of two group, Participants
did not differ by weight (z=-0.2,p-value=0.83), age (z= -0.5 ,p -value= 0.59), body
mass index status (z= -0.15,p-value=0.8).participants who had used a LCD plus
hypnotherapy had achieved significantly greater initial percent weight reduction
compared to individuals who had used a LCD program (Z= -3.24 , p value= 0.001)
Conclusion: This study compared the hypnotherapy effect plus low calorie diet
and advice in producing weight loss, has produced a statistically significant result
in favour of hypnotherapy. this study was done with small subjects, in female
group and short time evaluation. More intensive hypnotherapy might of course
have been more successful, and perhaps the results of the trial are sufficiently
encouraging to pursue this approach further.
Key words: Hypnosis-weight loss-low calorie diet.
1 MD.,(Member of Iranian Association of Hypnosis) 2 MD.,(Member of Iranian Sport MedicineFederation)
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
A Neural Network Model for Schemas Based On Pattern Completion
Javanbakht A1
If the only tool you have is a hammer, every problem begins to resemble a nail.
—Abraham Maslow
Recent developments in neuroscience have provided us with a wealth of the
basic knowledge and tools which are required for neurobiological understanding
of the psychological concepts. This advantage enables contemporary scientists to
suggest and test brain models for psychological concepts, theories, and methods.
Considering the current dominance of biological ideas in psychiatry and
psychology, such models are essential in confi rmation of the psychological
theories of mind. In this article a brain model for schemas as essential to
cognitive theory is proposed. Schemas are seen as patterns which are recognized
and memorized through the training phase of an autoassociative neural
network.Then, these patterns are used to complete ambiguous aspects of future
experiences through thalamo and hippocampal-cortical pathways. In relation to
the self or the outside world when a pattern with unknown, noisy, or vague
aspects is encountered, those aspects are completed by the principal components
of previously learned patterns (schema). This process is to help the observer
acquire a better understanding of the environment or the self. However, the
patterns which are used to complete the uncertainties about the self or the
environment are sometimes not good estimates of the reality and lead the
person/patient to an illusionary perception of the self/environment. In this article,
the role of the mirror neuron system in pattern recognition is also explained.
Psychological and biological therapeutic implications of this model are discussed
and the importance of a link between dynamic and cognitive therapies is
rationalized.
1 Arash Javanbakht, M.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience,
Wayne State University, MI; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012 79
A Neural Network Model for Transference and Repetition Compulsion Based on Pattern Completion
Javanbakht A1 , Charles L. Ragan
2
If the only tool you have is a hammer,every problem begins to resemble a nail.
Abraham Maslow
In recent years because of the fascinating growth of the body of neuroscientific
knowledge, psychoanalytic scientists have worked on models for the neurological
substrates of key psychoanalytic concepts. Transference is an important example.
In this article, the psychological process of transference is described, employing
the neurological function of pattern completion in hippocampal and thalamo–
cortical pathways. Similarly, repetition compulsion is seen as another type of such
neurological function; however, it is understood as an attempt for mastery of the
unknown, rather than simply for mastery of past experiences and perceptions.
Based on this suggested model of neurological function, the mythof the
psychoanalyst as blank screen is seen as impossible and ineffective, based on
neurofunctional understandings of neuropsychological process. The mutative effect
of psychoanalytic therapy, correcting patterns of pathological relatedness, is
described briefly from conscious and unconscious perspectives. While cognitive
understanding (insight) helps to modify transferentially restored, maladaptive
patterns of relatedness, the development of more adaptive patterns is also
contingent upon an affective experience (working through), which alters the
neurological substrates of unconscious, pathological affective patterns and their
neurological functional correlates. Freud would be impressed if he knew of the
growing number of current psychoanalytic–neuroscience studies. While he
abandoned this endeavor because of the then limited knowledge of neuroscience,
we have an effective bridge between these two disciplines: neuropsychoanalysis.
Since transference and its analysis are core concepts in all psychoanalytic theories
and therapies, an understanding of their neural bases is important. The complexity
of transference and countertransference was
1 Arash Javanbakht, M.D., MashadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran.
2Charles L. Ragan, M.D., M.B.A., C.P.E., Medical Director, Rutland Mental Health Services, Rutland
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First International congress on clinical Hypnosis & Related Sciences/ April 2012
Comparative effects of hypnosis and lidocaine on modulating pain intensity of episiotomy repair in primiparous women.
Vatanparast S1 , Shahidi EO2
Background and aims: perineal pain affects mothers‘ quality of life. This study
has been aimed to investigate the effects of hypnosis and lidocaine on modulating
pain intensity of episiotomy repair in primiparous women
Method: In this study, 30 eligible Primigravida mothers was randomly divided
into 2 equal groups. In 15 of them (Control Group), Postpartum Repair of
Episiotomy was done by anesthesia through injection of 10cc lidocaine and in other
15 samples (Experimental Group) Postpartum Repair of Episiotomy was done by
Hypnotic Anesthesia. Data collection instruments included visual Analogue Scale
(VOS) questionnaire and Demographic Form. Data processing was done by
independent T-Test and Chi-Square analysis method using SPSS software.
Results:Results showed that the mean pain reduction in control group is 2.235
with SD of 0.48. The mean pain reduction in experimental group is 2.06 with SD of
0.25. Demographics and other interfering variables showed no significant
differences between the groups. T-Tests showed that the mean score for pain
reduction in both Experimental and Control groups don‘t have statistically
significant differences (P <0/0001).
Conclusion: Based on the above results there are not statistically significant
difference between effects of lidocaine or hypnosis on pain reduction in episiotomy
repair so hypnosis as lidocaine can reduce pain in Episiotomy repair. It seems
hypnosis can be used in departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics as an easy