Engl 155

TossponEngl 155

Due today: Outline (turn in at the end of class)

Agenda1. Run-On sentences

- Review Sentence/Fragment/Run on2. Begin writing paper – Using the

Outline!3. Incorporating research4. Quoting/paraphrasing

Quick review: Fragments• To be a complete sentence- – Subject – Verb– Express a

complete thought• Watch for words

like “although” and “because”!• Because I went

to the park.

Fragment!

Clauses• A clause is a group of words with a

subject and a verbSubject Verb

You stink.Sally is talking.

Subject

Verb

I love grammarSally is talking loudly

Most clauses have further information after the verb

Two Types of Clauses• Independent clause (Main clause)– Can stand alone as a sentence– Can be joined to another clause– Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder.

• Dependent clause (Subordinate clause)– Cannot stand alone as a sentence– Must be joined to an independent clause– Because he wanted to make his own

firecrackers.

A word that joins clauses is a conjunction

Joining Clauses• A dependent clause can be joined

to an independent clause to make a sentence– Fred filled a cardboard tube with

gunpowder because he wanted to make his own firecrackers.

Or

– Because he wanted to make his own firecrackers, Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder.

When the sentence starts with the dependent clause, it must have a comma before the independent clause

Run-ons• Run-ons are independent clauses that

have been combined incorrectly. • There are several types:– The AND run-on– The Fused run-on– The comma splice

We will be going into detail on each one

The and run on (pg 146)• two or more relatively long independent clauses with

a coordinating conjunction without any punctuation.

Goal 1 AND per sentence (some situations warrant 2)(Because this has no punctuation, we have to read it in

one breath.) – I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA

and we liked each other immediately and we soon became friends and we often hang out at each other’s houses.

The Fused run on• two or more independent

clauses run together without any punctuation. – The girls made the fire the

boys cooked the steaks.

The comma splice run-on • The comma splice: two or more

independent clauses run together with only a comma.

– I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA, we soon became friends.

– Sounds right? It is actually two separate independent ideas/clauses. We COULD add a ; (semicolon) to make it correct, or we could separate into two sentences.

Review: Run ON • Fragment= incomplete• 2 or more independent clauses

(whole sentences) combined incorrectly. – Too many ANDS (goal 1-2 “and”s per

sentence)– Fused • Jammed together with no punctuation

– Comma Splice• Jammed together with just a comma (need

comma conjunction!!!)

I went to the store and bought a candy bar and who did I see there but Kevin who got me a coke and so we went to the park together.

Kevin bought me a coke so we went to the park together. Kevin bought me a coke, we went to the park together

Practice- Packet1. I'd like to buy a piano, but I really

don't have the money right now. 2. She gives wonderful parties, I can't

wait for her next one. 3. The people on the park bench who

meet every day and eat lunch together.

4. I'm saving money for a trip to Oklahoma my brother lives out there.

5. He was beaming he got an A on the exam.

1. No Change! I'd like to buy a piano, but I really don't have the money right now.

2. Run On! She gives wonderful parties. I can't wait for her next one.

3. Fragment! The people on the park bench who meet every day and eat lunch together.

4. Run on! I'm saving money for a trip to Oklahoma; my brother lives out there.

5. Run on! He was beaming. He got an A on the exam.

Game!• Sentence/Fragment/Run on Free-

throw Contest• Each team – choose a shooting order– 1 pt – identify Sentence, Fragment, Run

on– 1 pt – correct Fragment, Run on, OR

identify Subject/Verb of sentence

Using Outlines to Write the Paper

Tosspon’s English 155Heald College

Use Outline formAddress EACH reason

Child care

Should be free!

Child care should be free

Russia provides it, why can’t we?

Free care would prevent abuse and neglect

Essay planning part 2• Take each one

of your “Reasons” from the topic starter

• Develop each one more fully into a paragraphwith 2+ examples

Free care would prevent abuse and neglect

A 2007 survey of 1,000 children who were left at home unattended found that their parents could not afford child care.

Parents who neglect their kids do so because care not affordable

If childcare was free, it would prevent abuse and neglect

My neighbors leave their 4yr old unattended

Because it is unaffordable, they don’t seek childcare

Step 1: write a statement for that reason

Step 2: Prove (give examples that support)

that statement using a direct

quote OR paraphrase

Step 3: Explain: What does that

SHOW about this topic

Step 4: Explain: how does that

connect to your THESIS!

Use phrases:

This shows that…

Direct Quotes• Direct quotation:– Educators are cautioned that “…labels tend to

stick, and few people go back later to document a shifting profile of intelligences” (Gardner 139).

• Paraphrase with in-text citation:– Gardner explains that there are difficulties in

labeling children with a type of intelligence, including the problem that labels may last, while the assessment may change (139).

Quote Sandwich

Quotation Punctuation• Period goes AFTER the quote

Citation: use 1st thing in the Works Cited page (usually

author’s last name or article title)

Works Cited• Use www.easybib.com• Make sure ALL information is correct• Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE

– Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007

Homework:• Final Paper – next week in class

we type the rough draft

• Grammar from textbook