2021/9/16 1 Engineering Materials Chapter 1 Introduction and History on Materials Evolution 1 工程材料課程ppt講義有部分是授課教師選用教科書 內圖片及Wiley出版公司提供之ppt講義,配合教師自 行增加之內容編撰而成,圖片及部分ppt版權屬Wiley 出版公司。 工程材料課程所有講義嚴格僅限供修課同學為著上 課以及研讀之目的在ecourse教學平台下載使用。 嚴禁轉發非修課同學及校外任何人士。違反者將違 反相關智財權法。 Prof. J.N. Aoh CCU ME 09.16.2021 Chapter 1 - Introduction • What is materials science? • Why should we know about it? • Materials drive our society- • Stone Age – Bronze Age :T m – Brass – Iron Age :T m –: cast iron/wrought iron/steels – Now? • Silicon Age? Semiconductor Age? • Polymer Age? Nano Age? 1.1 Historical perspective
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Engineering Materials Chapter 1 Introduction and History ...
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• Composites: composed of two or more materials, such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)- combination of properties of materials
- best characteristics of each of the component materials
1.4 Classification of Materials
Classification of Materials
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Figure 1.3 Bar chart of room-temperature density values for various metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite materials.
Figure 1.4 Bar chart of room-temperature stiffness (i.e., elastic modulus) values for various metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite materials.
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Figure 1.5 Bar chart of room-temperature strength (i.e., tensile strength) values for various metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite materials.
Figure 1.6 Bar chart of room-temperature resistance to fracture for various materials.
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1.5 ADVANCED MATERIALS (functional materials)
•Semiconductors•columns IIIA-VA
•Biomaterials•Compatible to body tissues
•Smart materialsUsually sensor or actuator •Shape memory alloys•Piezoelectric ceramics•Optical fibers
Piezoelectricity– application of stress induces voltage (sensor)– application of voltage induces dimensional change (Actuator)
σ
σstress-free with applied
stress
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Piezoelectric effect
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Sensor
Nanomaterials--examples
• Graphite• Graphene• Carbon Nanotube• CNT
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碳米碳管簡介 (Carbon nano-tube)
‧First found in 1991‧ideal CNT consists of hollow tube formed by graphene sheet‧Single walled carbon nanotube, SWNT –one layer of graphene‧Multi-walled carbon nanotube, MWNT—multilayer of graphene‧SWNT diameter usually 1-6 nm,smallest dia. --0.5 nm‧SWNT length up to several hundred nm to mm
Example on biomaterialsHip fracture and hip implant
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Example on biomaterials– Hip Implant
Adapted from Fig. 22.26, Callister 7e.
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Hip Implant• Key problems to overcome
– fixation agent to hold acetabular cup
– cup lubrication material– femoral stem – fixing agent
(“glue”)– must avoid any debris in cup– Lifetime: at least 10 years
Femoral Stem(Ti-alloy)
Ball (Ti-alloy)
AcetabularCup (Ti-alloy) and
Liner(polymers)
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Chapter 22, Callister 7e.
an uncoated tile can be held by its edges with an ungloved hand seconds after removal from the oven while its interior still glows red.
90 percent of the tile is void and the remaining 10 percent is material.
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Thermal properties
Space shuttle Columbia
• The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster occurred on February 1, 2003, when Columbia disintegrated over Texas and Louisiana as it reentered Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven crew members.