One Corps, One Regiment, One Team Engineering Geology Challenges Engineering Geology Challenges at the Marmet Lock Project at the Marmet Lock Project Geohazards Geohazards in Transportation in Transportation 6 6 th th Annual Technical Forum Annual Technical Forum August 2 August 2 - - 3, 2006 3, 2006 Mike Nield Mike Nield – – Corps of Engineers, Huntington District Corps of Engineers, Huntington District
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Engineering Geology Challenges at the Marmet Lock Project...UNIT phi c phi c Capacity Strength Deformation degree psi degree psi psi psi psi X 106 Sandstone 30 4 45 73 196 111 1.05
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One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Engineering Geology Challenges Engineering Geology Challenges at the Marmet Lock Projectat the Marmet Lock Project
GeohazardsGeohazards in Transportation in Transportation 66thth Annual Technical Forum Annual Technical Forum
August 2August 2--3, 20063, 2006
Mike Nield Mike Nield –– Corps of Engineers, Huntington DistrictCorps of Engineers, Huntington District
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
1. PROJECT OVERVIEW a. Site Plan b. Site Geology
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
1. PROJECT OVERVIEW a. Site Plan b. Site Geology
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
2. DEEP SEATED SLIDING a. Design Concerns b. Cofferdam Foundation Movement c. New Chamber Lockwall Monoliths
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
1. PROJECT OVERVIEW a. Site Plan b. Site Geology
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
2. DEEP SEATED SLIDING a. Design Concerns b. Cofferdam Foundation Movement c. New Chamber Lockwall Monoliths
3. GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION a. Anchor Installation b. Rock Excavation c. Foundation Preparation & Treatment d. Drilled Shaft Foundations e. Foundation Drilling and Grouting
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
1. PROJECT OVERVIEW a. Site Plan b. Site Geology
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Site PlanSite Plan
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Existing Lock Existing Lock –– Prior to ConstructionPrior to Construction
Twin 56’ X 360’ Chambers Completed in 1934
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
New Lock New Lock –– Conceptual DrawingConceptual Drawing
Twin 56’ X 360’ Chambers
New 110’ X 800’ Chamber will help alleviate traffic delays on Kanawah River
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
New Lock Construction New Lock Construction -- Ariel View Ariel View -- May 2005 May 2005
Existing Lock Chambers
New Lock Chamber
Construction began in summer 2002
Cost $232 million
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
New Lock Construction New Lock Construction -- Ariel View Ariel View -- May 2005 May 2005
Sheet Pile Cell Cofferdam
Existing Landwall Portion of Cofferdam
Contractor Designed Anchored Retaining Wall
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
New Lock Construction New Lock Construction -- Ariel View Ariel View -- May 2005 May 2005
New Lock Chamber and Approach Walls
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Marmet Lock Replacement – Project Overview
Site PlanSite Plan
New 110’ X 800’ Chamber Under Construction
EXISTING LOCKS AND DAMNEW LOCK AND APPROACH WALLSNEW LOCK CULVERT ALIGNMENTCOFFER DAMS
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
2. DEEP SEATED SLIDING a. Design Concerns b. Cofferdam Foundation Movement c. New Chamber Lockwall Monoliths
3. GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION a. Anchor Installation b. Rock Excavation c. Foundation Preparation & Treatment d. Drilled Shaft Foundations e. Foundation Drilling and Grouting
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
2. DEEP SEATED SLIDING a. Design Concerns b. Cofferdam Foundation Movement c. New Chamber Lockwall Monoliths
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated SlidingDesign ConcernsDesign Concerns
Pre-Construction Condition
Soil
Sandstone Member
Weak Seams
Dewatered Chamber
Direction of Forces
Existing Landwall
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated SlidingDesign ConcernsDesign Concerns
Pre-Construction Condition
Construction Condition Rock Excavation
for New Lock Walls and Chamber
Daylighted Weak SeamUpper
Pool
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated SlidingDesign ConcernsDesign Concerns
Pre-Construction Condition
Construction Condition
Permanent Condition
Backfill
Rock Excavation for New Lock Culvert
New Lock Riverwall
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated SlidingDesign ConcernsDesign Concerns
EXISTING LOCK (USED AS COFFERDAM)
UPPER POOL
OVERBURDEN
ROCK ANCHORS
TOP OF ROCK
STAGED ANCHORING DURING OVERBURDEN EXCAVATION Analyzed for coal/shale seam at foundation (phi=23o, c=0psi)
INSTALL INSTRUMENTATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated SlidingDesign ConcernsDesign Concerns
EXISTING LOCK (USED AS COFFERDAM)
UPPER POOL
THRUST BLOCK
THRUST BLOCK ANCHORED PRIOR TO ROCK EXCAVATION Analyzed for daylighted horizontal fault gouge (phi=13o, c=0psi)
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION PERFORMED
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated SlidingDesign ConcernsDesign Concerns
EXISTING LOCK (USED AS COFFERDAM)
UPPER POOL
INSPECTION TRENC
GROUT CURTAIN
CONCRETE LEVELING SLAB
LINE DRILLED SURFACE LINE DRILLED SURFAC
COMPLETE EXCAVATION FOR CULVER/INSPECTION TRENCH
ESTABLISH PRESENCE AND EXTENT OF WEAK SEAMS – NEW LOCK
DETERMINE CORRECIVE FOUNDATION TREATMENT – NEW LOCK
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated SlidingCofferdamCofferdam
13-foot spacing
22-foot deep excavation
Excavation Adjacent to Cofferdam Excavation Adjacent to Cofferdam –– 3D view3D view
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Inclinometer Readings - August 2004
Cofferdam Cofferdam -- InstrumentationInstrumentationMarmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated
SlidingMarmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated
Sliding
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
2UM
28P
516
M28
P 5
33M
27IP
542
M27
PM
26TP
518
M26
TP 5
37M
25IP
M25
P 5
38M
24P
518
M23
TP 5
23M
23P
524
M22
TP 5
25M
22P
M21
IPM
21P
524
M20
P 52
4M
19IP
M19
PM
539
M19
P 52
5M
18P
534
M17
TP 5
22M
17P
554
M16
P 54
1M
15TP
518
M15
P 54
2M
14P
542
M13
TPM
13P
M12
P 5
39M
11TP
517
M11
P 54
0M
10P
542
M9T
P 51
8M
9P 5
42M
8P 5
40M
7TP
M7P
534
M6P
537
M5T
P 5
18M
5P 5
39
1DP
543
1DP
520
1DIP
544
2DP
520
3DP
520
3DIP
546
4DP
519
5DP
519
5DIP
6DP
519
6DP
539
7DP
519
7DP
539
7DIP
540
8DP
539
9DP
537
9DIP
10D
P 51
711
DIP
12D
P13
DP
10/1/2004
12/9/2004
2/10/2005
2/17/2005
3/3/2005
3/23/2005
4/4/20044/14/2005
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Tota
l Dis
plac
emen
t (in
.)
Cofferdam Element
Cofferdam Movement Based on Portable Inclinometer Data 10-04 to 4-05
Cofferdam Cofferdam -- InstrumentationInstrumentationMarmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated
SlidingMarmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated
Sliding
Inclinometer – displacement vs. time
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Establish Emergency Action Plan Based on Increments of Foundation Movement. Increase Instrumentation Readings and Installed Deeper InclinometersReanalyze Foundation Strength Parameters
Accelerated Concrete Placement and Installed Additional Rock Anchors
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Cofferdam Foundation Movement Cofferdam Foundation Movement ResponseResponse
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Cofferdam Foundation Movement Cofferdam Foundation Movement -- SectionSection
WEAK SEAM
DIRECTION OF FORCE
FOUNDATION ANCHORS
SHEET PILE CELL COFFERDAM
SANDSTONE MEMBER
SHALE MEMBER
SELECT FILL
CONCRETE
NEW LOCK WALL FOUNDATION
THRUST BLOCK WITH ANCHORS
552
528
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Cofferdam Foundation Movement Cofferdam Foundation Movement -- SectionSection
WEAK SEAM
DIRECTION OF FORCE
FOUNDATION ANCHORS
SHEET PILE CELL COFFERDAM
SANDSTONE MEMBER
SHALE MEMBER
INCLINOMETER RESULTS INCREMENTAL GRAPH
NEW LOCK WALL FOUNDATION
552
528
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Cofferdam Foundation Movement Cofferdam Foundation Movement -- SectionSection
WEAK SEAM
DIRECTION OF FORCE
SHEET PILE CELL COFFERDAM
SANDSTONE MEMBER
SHALE MEMBER
INCLINOMETER RESULTS INCREMENTAL GRAPH
552
528
THIN, DAYLIGHTED CARBONACEOUS SEAM AT 545+/-
NEAR SANDSTONE/SHALE CONTACT AT 520+/-
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Cofferdam Foundation Movement Cofferdam Foundation Movement –– Cell 1DCell 1D
Carbonaceous Seam with Slickensided Surfaces phi=15o, c=0psi SUITABLE FACTOR OF SAFETY
SHEET PILE CELL COFFERDAM -1D
SANDSTONE MEMBERSHALE MEMBER
552
528
Passive Wedge through Fractured Sandstone phi=30o, c=4psi
ACCELERATED CONCRETE PLACEMENT TO ENHANCE PASSIVE WEDGE
Clay Coated Sandstone/Shale Contact
phi=20o, c=0psi
520.7
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Cofferdam Foundation Movement Cofferdam Foundation Movement –– MM--2222
SANDSTONE MEMBER
SHALE MEMBER Clay Seam at
Sandstone/Shale Contact phi=15o, c=0psi
553
531
COFFERDAM: EXISTING LOCKWALL MONOLITH M-22
Passive Wedge through Fractured Sandstone phi=30o, c=4psi
ADDITIONAL 12-STRAND ANCHORS REQUIRED (Bond Zone Founded Below Installed Anchors)
523.2
Anchors
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Cofferdam Foundation MovementCofferdam Foundation MovementSome displacement is required to engage rock mass shear strengthEstablish how much movement is acceptable
Peak Strength
Horizontal Displacement
Shea
r St
ress
Failure
SCALE EFFECT OR LENGTH OF SHEARED BLOCK WAS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION
0.35 INCHES ESTABLISHED AS APPROACHING FAILURE
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
New New LockwallLockwallMarmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated
New Chamber New Chamber LockwallLockwall MonolithsMonoliths
SANDSTONE MEMBER
SHALE MEMBER
NEW LOCKWALL
CULVERT EXCAVATION & INSPECTION TRENCH
Sandstone/Shale Contact (phi=22o, c=0psi)
BACKFILL
Daylighted Failure Plane (Weighted Average Phi Angle)
Cross Bed Shear (phi=30o, c=4psi)
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
Marmet Lock Replacement – Deep Seated Sliding
SANDSTONE MEMBER
SHALE MEMBER
NEW LOCKWALL
CULVERT
12- & 9-STRAND ANCHORS IN ALL NEW CHAMBER LOCKWALL MONOLITHS
New Chamber New Chamber LockwallLockwall MonolithsMonoliths
Rock Mass Engaged by Anchor
Anchor Bond Length
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
1. PROJECT OVERVIEW a. Site Plan b. Site Geology
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
2. DEEP SEATED SLIDING a. Design Concerns b. Cofferdam Foundation Movement c. New Chamber Lockwall Monoliths
3. GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION a. Anchor Installation b. Rock Excavation c. Foundation Preparation & Treatment d. Drilled Shaft Foundations e. Foundation Drilling and Grouting
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
3. GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION a. Anchor Installation b. Rock Excavation c. Foundation Preparation & Treatment d. Drilled Shaft Foundations e. Foundation Drilling and Grouting
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Construction SequenceConstruction SequenceMarmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
COFFERDAM – ANCHORS – SOIL EXCAVATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Construction SequenceConstruction SequenceMarmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION – ROCK EXCAVATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Construction SequenceConstruction SequenceMarmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
ROCK EXCAVATION – FOUNDATION PREPARATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Construction SequenceConstruction SequenceMarmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
CONCRETE – FOUNDATION GROUTING
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
560 ANCHORS INSTALLED IN COFFERDAM
FOUNDATION ANCHORSFOUNDATION ANCHORS
9 to 15 STRAND ANCHORS
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
DRILLING ANCHOR HOLES
FOUNDATION ANCHORSFOUNDATION ANCHORS
6 TO 10 INCH DIA. HOLES
DOWN-THE-HOLE HAMMER
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Tropari Maxibor
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
ANCHOR ALIGNMENT TESTING
FOUNDATION ANCHORSFOUNDATION ANCHORS
- WITHIN 0.5o AZIMUTH AND INCLINATION
- LESS THAN 1 INCH DEVIATION PER 10 FEET OF HOLE
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
ANCHOR TENSIONING
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
FOUNDATION ANCHORSFOUNDATION ANCHORS
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
ROCK EXCAVATIONROCK EXCAVATION
Pre-blast Survey of Community50’ Maximum Blasting Dimension Along AxisBuffer Zone and Sill Excavation Methods3 in/sec Peak Particle Velocity at Nearest StructureLine Drilled Perimeters
BUFFER ZONE METHOD
SILL/CULVERT EXCAVATION METHOD
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
LINE DRILLED PERIMETER
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
ROCK EXCAVATIONROCK EXCAVATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
Specified Equation is Suitable for Critical Blasts
Distant Seismograph (will not govern blast design)
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Line Drilled Face
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
FOUNDATION PREPARATIONFOUNDATION PREPARATION
OVER BREAK BEHIND LINE DRILLED FACE
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
FOUNDATION PREPARATIONFOUNDATION PREPARATION
SHOT HOLE DAMAGE
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
CalamitesTree Fossils
Carbonaceous Laminations
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
FOUNDATION PREPARATIONFOUNDATION PREPARATION
CARBONACEOUS LAMINATIONS TREE FOSSILS
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
FOUNDATION PREPARATIONFOUNDATION PREPARATION
SHALE LENS AND SEAMS
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
JONTS WITH ARTESIAN GROUNDWATER FLOW
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
FOUNDATION PREPARATIONFOUNDATION PREPARATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction
DRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATIONDRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATION
10’ X 10’Precast Beam 122’ & 105’ span
Thrust Block
6’ Diameter Shaft Drilled 15’ into Bedrock
UPSTREAM APPROACH WALLS
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction
DRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATIONDRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATION
BOREHOLE JACK TESTING
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
DRILLING 6-FOOT DIAMETER SHAFT
Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction
DRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATIONDRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
INSTALLING REBAR CAGE & PLACING CONCRETE
Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction
DRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATIONDRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
CSL TESTING AND LOW DENSITY CONCRETE
Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction Marmet Lock Replacement – Construction
DRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATIONDRILLED SHAFT FOUNDATION
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Marmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
Foundation Drilling and GroutingFoundation Drilling and Grouting
Grout Curtain Extends to Elevation 51010’ Spacing Between Primary and Secondary HolesOptional Tertiary and Higher Order HolesAll Holes Pressure TestingNeat Cement Grout
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
Foundation Drilling and GroutingFoundation Drilling and GroutingMarmet Lock Replacement – ConstructionMarmet Lock Replacement – Construction
Drilling Grout Holes Grout Plant
Grout Header
One Corps, One Regiment, One Team
1. PROJECT OVERVIEW a. Site Plan b. Site Geology
Main Topics of DiscussionMain Topics of Discussion
Marmet Lock Replacement – Main TopicsMarmet Lock Replacement – Main Topics
2. DEEP SEATED SLIDING a. Design Concerns b. Cofferdam Foundation Movement c. New Chamber Lockwall Monoliths
3. GEOLOGIC ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION a. Anchor Installation b. Rock Excavation c. Foundation Preparation & Treatment d. Drilled Shaft Foundations e. Foundation Drilling and Grouting