Engineering Ethics and Integrity Plagiarism, Citing Resources, Copyright and Ownership of Original Works Presented by: Jerry Kowalyk – Engineering Librarian University of Alberta Libraries Friday, October 29 2010 www.ualberta.ca/~science3/engethics.ppt [email protected]
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Engineering Ethics and Integrity Plagiarism, Citing Resources, Copyright and Ownership of Original Works Presented by: Jerry Kowalyk – Engineering Librarian.
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Engineering Ethics and Integrity
Plagiarism, Citing Resources,
Copyright and Ownership of Original WorksPresented by:
Jerry Kowalyk – Engineering LibrarianUniversity of Alberta Libraries
Friday, October 29 2010www.ualberta.ca/~science3/engethics.ppt
• Plagiarism: to steal or pass off as one's own (the idea or words of another); use (a created production) without crediting the source; to commit literary theft; present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source (Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, p. 1728).
"Cyber-plagiarism“ -- The process by which students either copy ideas found on the Web without giving proper attribution,
OR
The process by which students download research papers from the Web, in whole or in part, and submit the paper as their own original work.
University Governance web site provides detailed information on the GFC Boards and Committees which deal with student academic standing and discipline appeals.
• Plagiarism encompasses a range of actions from incorrectly citing sources (unintentional plagiarism) to the outright theft of someone else’s work (intentional plagiarism).
• The type of plagiarism committed, intentional plagiarism or unintentional plagiarism, affects the disciplinary action.
Why Do People Plagiarize?
Research and Writing Issues
• Lack of research and writing skills• Confusion between plagiarizing and
paraphrasing text (typically “Patchwriting”)• Incomplete, careless note-taking• Confusion about how to properly cite sources• Problems evaluating internet resources
Why Do People Plagiarize?
External Factors · Pressure from family, competition for scholarships and jobs· The commodification of knowledge and education
Internal Factors · Poor time management and organizational skills· Ignorance, laziness, procrastination· Lack of confidence/boredom/lack of interest
Cultural Factors · Culturally based attitudes towards plagiarism
Factors leading to Plagiarism: Cultural Factors
• Some cultures view plagiarism differently than Western cultures
• Copying may be considered a high form of flattery
• It is important to remember that individuals from other cultures may take more time to master proper attribution.
Factors leading to Plagiarism: Ethics (or a lack thereof)
Student ethics and relationship with the University
• Don’t expect to get caught
• Some will plagiarize deliberately
• Some perceive education only as a means of fulfilling career aspirations.
• However, most plagiarism is unintentional.
Problems Related to the Web
• Perception of online information as public knowledge
• Instability of URLs
• Authority of web sites
• Citing online sources is difficult
Consequences
• No credit given for an assignment
• Failure in the course
• Suspension from the University
• Dismissal from the University
• Records of plagiarism can follow on transcripts and career documentation
Strategies toCombat Plagiarism
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
See:
Guide to Plagiarism and Cyber-Plagiarism -- Handouts for Students @ URL:http://guides.library.ualberta.ca/content.php?pid=62200&sid=458936
• APA Style: – Kanda, W., Siu I., Adjaye, J., Nelson, A.E., & Gray, M.R. (2004).
Inhibition and deactivation of hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) catalysts by narrow cuts of Athabasca coker gas oil. [Electronic version]. Energy and Fuels, 18( 2), 539-546.
• Chicago Style– Kanda, W., I. Siu, J. Adjaye, A.E. Nelson, and M.R Gray. 2004.
Inhibition and deactivation of hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) catalysts by narrow cuts of Athabasca coker gas oil. Energy and Fuels 18, no. 2 (March/April): 539-546. http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/enfuem/2004/18/i02/pdf/ef0 34063p.pdf (Accessed October 28, 2010).
Centre for Writers -- free one-on-one writing coaching and support to all students, instructors and staff at the University of Alberta See @ URL: http://www.ois.ualberta.ca/nav02.cfm?nav02=92750&nav01=89519
RefWorks -- web-based citation management program that enables one to: -download, gather, and store references from databases and library catalogues automatically; -format citations and bibliographies in seconds;-connect to your RefWorks account anywhere there's web access;-share your citations with other RefWorks users See @ URL: http://guides.library.ualberta.ca/refworks
Supportive Writing Resources at the University of Alberta
Intellectual Property
• Information on intellectual property guidelines (patents, copyright, etc.) for UA researchers and students is on the TEC Edmonton site: http://www.tecedmonton.com– included are links to the U of A’s patent policy,
copyright, fair use of software, research publications policy, and the Rules for Research Notebooks
What is Copyright?
• “Property” is a cultural & legal concept
• Bundle of statutory rights – moral, artistic and property – which expire in fixed time
• Right of creator/owner to control and license production or copying of a “work” or of performing a “work” (dance, drama, music, film). Text, graphs, tables, charts and computer programs are all “works”.
Copyright & Originality
• Copyright does not protect ideas – it protects the expression – “the work”.
Public Domain / Waiver
• Typically in Canada 50 years after death of creator, a work moves into “public domain”.
• A work in the public domain can be copied or performed without permission.
• 70 years in US & UK
• Waiver – a specific permission to copy is given in the work (Government often does) before expiry.
Copyright Infringement
• Copying or performing a “work” without permission of the copyright owner.
• Profit [$$$] as a result of making the copy is not required.
Allowed by the Act
• Specific exceptions for:– Criticism and review (s.29.1)– News reporting (s.29.2)– Libraries, archives and museums (s.30.1)– Educational institutions (s. 29.4, 29.5, 29.6,
29.7) if no motive of gain– Fair dealing for the purpose of research or
private study (s.29)
Using Own Work Over
Q: Do you still own the copyright?• If yes, give yourself permission.• If no, you have to request permission from
the owner of the copyright. Many STM journals require you to transfer
copyright. They may or may not allow you to freely re-use of information you produced.
Read carefully before signing/submitting!
Open Access Movement
• http://www.arl.org/sparc/openaccess/
• ERA – Education & Research Archive Deposit your own research for preservation and distribution @
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/public/home
Copyright at the UniversityCopyright at the University
• Copyright is in written and artistic works as created – no registration required.
• Copyright in student works produced in the course of study belong to the student.
• Copyright for faculty is covered in the University’s academic staff agreement.
• See “Intellectual Property Guidelines for Graduate Students and Supervisors” from the FGSR @ http://www.gradstudies.ualberta.ca/degreesuperv/ip.htm
Copyright licenses
• For more information on fair dealing, copyright and related licenses see the UofA Copyright and Licensing Office site at http://www.ls.ualberta.ca/copyrightoffice.