Engineering design laboratory guide

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Institute of Standards and Technology

NISTIR4519

PUBLICATIONS t

Engineering Design

Laboratory Guide

Allison Barnard Feeney

Factory Automation Systems Division

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

February 19, 1991

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Institute of Standards and Technology

NISTIR4519

Engineering Design

Laboratory Guide




U.S . DEPARTMENT OF Gaithersburg, MD 20899

COMMERCERobert A. Mosbacher, February 19, 1991

Secretary of Commerce

National Institute of

Standards and Technology

John W. Lyons, Director

Notes

The author would like to acknowledge Peter E Brown and Y. Tina Lee for their assistance

in providing information necessary to complete this document.

This publication was prepared by United States Government Employees as part of their

official duties and is, therefore, a work of the U. S. Government and not subject to copy-

right.

Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper. Such

identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of

Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are

necessarily the best available for the purpose.

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Allison Barnard Feeney Table of Contents

Table of

Contents

Introduction 1

Alpha_l 2

COSMOS/M 3

Design History Tool 4

ICAD 5

ModaCAD 6

Newton 7

NextCut 8

N-See 9

Parasolid 10

Supporting Hardware and Software 11

Facility 12

Research Opportunities 13

Engineering Design Lab Guide Page iii

Allison Barnard Feeney Introduction

EngineeringDesignLab

Engineering Design

Laboratory Guide




Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Introduction

The Engineering Design Laboratory

(EDL) was established by the Factory Au-

tomation Systems Division at the National

Institute of Standards and Technology

(NIST). The EDL was created to study the

process of design, how design information

can be represented, and how to make this

information available to necessary systems

throughout a product’s life cycle. The EDLis a facility equipped with state of the art

computers and software dedicated to these

tasks.

The EDL supports projects funded by

NIST, Defense Advanced Research

Projects Agency (DARPA), Defense Lo-

gistics Agency (DLA), and the Navy. The

goal of the EDL is to develop ways to rep-

resent design knowledge or intent in a man-

ner that is compatible with the emerging

standard for exchange of product model

data, STEP. We are concentrating our ef-

forts in the domain of rigid mechanical

parts, including assemblies. A primary fo-

cus of the EDL has been working with

DARPA to help build a community of re-

searchers who are studying design repre-

sentation.

One of the ways we are pursuing our

goals is by making the EDL available to

other researchers for collaborative or inde-

pendent projects. NIST has a Research As-

sociate Program through which a variety of

arrangements between interested parties

can be formalized.

The following pages contain descrip-

tions of the equipment and software avail-

able in the EDL. This equipment and

software is continually being upgraded and

augmented to reflect the state of the art.

Engineering Design Lab Guide Page 1

Alpha_1 Allison Barnard Feeney

Alpha_l

Alpha_l is non-uniform rational b-

spline (NURB) based geometric modeling

system developed at the University of Utah.

It is available commercially through Engi-

neering Geometry Systems. A goal of the

Alpha_l research has been to advance the

integration of design, modeling, analysis

and manufacturing to shorten and improve

the quality of the overall process. Spline

representations, used exclusively in Al-

pha_l, are necessary for a large class of ob-

jects including turbine blades, airplane

fuselages, injection molded parts, and a

great variety of common as well as unusual

objects with difficult shapes. Alpha_l

models are described by a program or algo-

rithmic procedures in a Lisp-like language.

Changes to the master model are immedi-

ately reflected in the graphics window.

Parametric part designs allow the user to

develop new, high-level primitives to facil-

itate modeling designs with commonly

used forms.

Status:

We will be working with the University

of Utah to model a complex diesel engine in

Alpha_l. In the EDL, Alpha_l is currently

only running on the Silicon Graphics Iris.

With the next release of the software, we

will be running Alpha_l on the Sun 4 plat-

form, only. In general, Alpha_l runs on a

variety of engineering workstations (Sun,

HP, Silicon Graphics, Chromatics, Evans

and Sutherland) and requires University of

Utah’s Portable Standard Lisp and X Win-

dows or a native graphics system. Emacs is

also needed for model editing via the com-

mand interface.

Further Reading:

Alpha 1 User’s Manual , University of

Utah, Salt Lake City, 1988.

Developers:

Elaine Cohen

Rich Riesenfeld

Department of Computer Science

3190 Merrill Engineering Building

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

(801)581-8224

Worm gears modeled in Alpha_l.

Page 2 Engineering Design Lab Guide

Allison Barnard Feeney COSMOS/M

COSMOS/M

COSMOS/M is a commercially avail-

able finite element analysis package for

general purpose structural analysis. COS-

MOS/M has a CAD-like front end mesh

generator and an IGES interface to and

from CAD systems. The capabilities in-

stalled at the EDL are: mesh generation,

post processing, linear static and dynamic

analysis, frequencies, mode shapes, dy-

namic responses, and heat transfer analysis.

Status:

We are using COSMOS/M for general

structural analysis problems related to the

Molecular Modeling Machine Project at

NIST. We have Version 1.61 installed and

running on the IBM PS/2 and on the Sun 4

workstation. COSMOS/M runs on a vari-

ety of PC platforms. It requires a graphics

card and math co-processor. It also runs on

several engineering workstations (e.g. Mi-

crovax. Sun, HP, Silicon Graphics, Apollo

and ComputerVision).

Further Reading:

Lashkari, M., COSMOS/M User*s Guide

SRAC, Santa Monica, 1989.

Lashkari, M., GEOSTAR User's Guide .

SRAC, Santa Monica, 1989.

Developer:

Structural Research and Analysis Corp.

1661 Lincoln Boulevard Suite 100

Santa Monica, California 90404

(213) 452-2158


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Design History Tool Allison Barnard Feeney

Design History

Tool

The Design History Tool is a research

system from Oregon State University for

representing design objects and the changes

encountered as they evolve from abstract

concepts to concrete forms. Design objects

include assemblies, parts of assemblies and

interfaces between assemblies and parts.

All of the objects are described in terms of

context sensitive form and function fea-

tures. The changes that occur to the design

objects are a result of design operators ap-

plied to the existing design information in

the Mechanical Design Database. The rep-

resentation of the changes the objects en-

counter provides a mechanism for

capturing the relationship between con-

straints, design objects and the design pro-

cess that describes the evolution of the

objects from constraints.

Status:

We currently have the design of a bat-

tery housing modeled in the Design History

Tool. The Design History Tool is running

on the Sun 4 workstation in the EDL.

Further Reading:

Ullman, David G., Thomas G. Dietterich,

Mechanical Design Process Research

Group Research Overview . Oregon

State University, Corvalis, Oregon,

1989.

Tikerpuu, Juri, David G. Ullman, General

Feature-Based Frame Representation

for Describing Mechanical Engineering

Design Developed from Empirical

Data, ASME CIE Conference, San

Francisco, July 1988.

Developers:

David G. Ullman

Thomas G. Dietterich

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Oregon State University

Corvalis, Oregon 97331

(503) 737-2336


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Allison Barnard Feeney ICAD

ICAD

The ICAD System™ is an interactive,

knowledge-based software product for me-

chanical design and manufacturing engi-

neering automation. ICAD allows the user

to build a model that describes the engi-

neering, design, and manufacturing pro-

cesses. Changes to input parameters cause

a completely new design to be created auto-

matically. ICAD attempts to capture the

design intent behind the product design.

The product model includes product struc-

ture and part dependencies, physical and

geometric properties, manufacturing cost

constraints, design specifications, decision

criteria for material selection, standard

parts from on-line catalogs, generation of

manufacturing process plans, and access of

information from external databases. From

this model, the user can get a bill of materi-

al, completed detail designs, data for draw-

ings, engineering reports, manufacturing

process plans, numerical control programs,

inputs to MRP systems and cost analyses.

Rules are defined in ICAD Design Lan-

guage™ which is a declarative, ob-

ject-oriented language. Geometry is

defined with a complete set of geo-

metric primitives. Geometry may

also be input from a number of CADsystems.

Status:

ICAD and NIST are participating

in a research agreement to develop

representation schemes for Design

Knowledge. This is being done in

conjunction with part design for the

Molecular Modeling Machine project at

NIST. We have ICAD Version 2. 1 .2 for the

Sun 4 workstation installed and running in

the EDL. Other platforms supported by

ICAD are the Apple Macivory and Silicon

Graphics.

Further Reading:

ICAD User’s Manual , ICAD, Inc., Cam-

bridge, Massachusetts, 1990.

ICAD Surface Designer— User’s Manual ,

ICAD, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts,

1990.

Wagner, Martin R., Understanding the

ICAD System™ , ICAD, Inc., Cam-

bridge, Massachusetts, 1990.

Developer:

ICAD, Inc.

1000 Massachusetts Avenue

Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138

(617) 868-2800

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ModaCAD Allison Barnard Feeney

ModaCAD

ModaCAD is an integrated system of

application programs that addresses all as-

pects of apparel design and production. It

is commercially available from ModaCAD,Inc., and runs on the Macintosh n series of

computers. The ModaCAD programs in-

stalled at the EDL include a paint program,

an image processing program, a program

for designing fabric, a program for display-

ing fabric draped on a model (including

lighting effects), a pattern design program

(including grading), a program for generat-

ing pattern markers, a relational database

program for apparel data, and a scheduling

program to produce schedules for apparel

manufacture.

Status:

The ModaCAD system is installed on

the Macintosh IIx computer in the EDL. In-

cluded in the system configuration is an op-

tical disk system containing an apparel

library of pictures, a color printer and color

scanner. We are studying this system as an

example of an apparel CAD/CAM system

to help us in developing an information

model for data required in the apparel in-

dustry.

Further Reading:

Each program in the ModaCAD system

includes a user’s manual, available from

ModaCAD, Inc.

Developer:

ModaCAD, Inc.

1954 Corner Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90025

(213)312-6632

ModaCAD simulation of the finished garment on a

live model.


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Allison Barnard Feeney Newton

Newton

Newton is a research system developed

at Cornell and Purdue Universities. New-

ton is a dynamic simulation system that

simulates and analyzes systems of physical

objects. The user specifies the shape, mate-

rial composition, and the mechanical inter-

relationships of the objects. From this

description the system constructs a variety

of models, sometimes guided by additional

user specifications, where each model cap-

tures the object behavior in a specific phys-

ical domain. Newton deals with the

behavior of rigid bodies that can be hinged

and interrelated in a number of ways. Giv-

en the description of shape and material

composition, a set of motion equations is

formulated automatically that expresses the

dynamic behavior of the objects in Newto-

nian mechanics.

Status:

We will be using Newton to verify de-

sign criteria of the Molecular Modeling

Machine project here at NIST. The current

version of Newton has been installed and is

running on the Sun 4 workstation. Newton

requires Lucid Common Lisp and X Win-

dows. CLX is needed if graphical output is

desired. In addition, Newton runs on other

engineering workstations including Silicon

Graphics, Symbolics, and DEC.

Further Reading:

Cremer, Jim, An Architecture for General

Purpose Physical System Simulation-

Integrating Geometry, Dynamics and

Control . Cornell University, Ithaca,

1989.

Developers:

John Hopcroft


41SOB Upson Hall

Cornell University

Ithaca, New York 14853

(607) 255-7416

Christoph Hoffman


Purdue University

West Lafayette, Indiana 47907

(317) 494-6010

This is a Newton-generated image showing the

physical reactions of a post and a multi-bar linkage

assembly a few frames after the linkage has hit the

post.


NextCut Allison Barnard Feeney

NextCut

NextCut is a research CAD/CAM sys-

tem from Stanford University. NextCut is

built on the philosophy that the best way to

assure Design for Manufacturability is to

design products by specifying manufactur-

ing plans for producing them. In NextCut

the user simultaneously designs a product

and the process used to manufacture it. De-

signers work in manufacturing modes (e.g.,

machining, molding, or assembly) adding

features to a design or directly manipulat-

ing the process plan. An important aspect

of manufacturing modes is that the user in-

terface, and the features and operations that

a designer works with, reflect the character-

istics of the materials and processes under

consideration. For example, machining

mode supports material removal while as-

sembly mode allows the designer to put

things together. Manufacturing ex-

perts (or expert systems) check the

resulting plans and fill in details af-

ter each step to ensure that no func-

tional, geometric or manufacturing

constraints are violated.

Status:

The current version of NextCut

is installed on the Sun 4/330. Next-

Cut runs on the Sun 4 workstation,

and requires both Sun CommonLisp, Symbolic Programming Envi-

ronment and Sunview for execu-

tion. NextCut is also available on

the TI Explorer.

Further Reading:

Cutkosky, Mark R., Jay M. Tenenbaum,

Dieter Muller, Features in Process-

Based Design . ASME CIE Conference,

San Francisco, July 1988.

Developers:

Mark Cutkosky

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Stanford University

Stanford, California 94305

(415) 725-1588

Jay M. Tenenbaum

Center for Integrated Systems

Stanford University

Stanford, California 94305

(415) 725-3623

PILLOW-PROCESS

SELECT-FIXTURE-2 SELECT-FIXTURE-3

SELECT-TOOL-4 SELECT-TOOL-5 SELECT-TOOL-S SELECT-TOOL-7

CUT-4 CUT-5 CUT-6 CUT-7

This illustration shows a portion of a process plan on NextCut.


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Allison Barnard Feeney N-See

N-See

N-See™ is a commercially available

Numerical Control (NC) verification pro-

gram. N-See allows you to see your work-

piece as actually cut, both in-process and as

a final part. N-See is based on a general-

ized octree solid model. The part is dis-

played in a realistic fashion and can be

rotated, sectioned or zoomed at any time.

Some of the capabilities supplied by N-See

are simulation and verification of 2 and 3

axis milling operations, tool set up, and line

by line execution of G-codes. All G-codes

accepted by an ISO/FANUC/Japan Indus-

trial Standard G-code are supported.

Status:

The current version 1.15 of N-See is in-

stalled on the IBM PS/2 in the EDL. In

general, N-See runs on a 286, 386 or 486

based PC with an EGA or VGA graphics

board, serial mouse, and math co-proces-

sor.

Further Reading:

N-See User’s Manual . Microcompatibles,

Inc., Silver Spring, 1989.

Developer:

Donald M. Esterling

Microcompatibles, Inc.

301 Prelude Drive

Silver Spring, Maryland 20901

(301) 593-0683


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Parasolid Allison Barnard Feeney

Parasolid

Parasolid is a commercially available

kernel-based solid geometric modeling sys-

tem. Parasolid library functions construct

exact boundary representations with fully

integrated parametric surfaces. One can

build models with simple surfaces, rolling

ball blends, and rational Bezier surfaces.

Parasolid supports assemblies, various geo-

metrical construction entities, and limited

graphical output such as hidden lines and

tessellation. In addition, user defined at-

tributes can be attached to topological and

geometric entities, and items in the data-

base may be grouped together as features

and manipulated by local operations. Bod-

ies may be created by use of 3D primitives

or by sweep operations on sheets or wires

defined by bezier surfaces or curves. Bod-

ies may be modified by solid set operations

on sheets or solids, sectioning of bodies,

sectioning with parametric surface sheets,

and mirroring and repositioning of bodies.

Local operations on bodies include: adding

fiUets and chamfers, rotation and linear

translation of faces, copying or removing

groups of faces to create a new body, mov-

ing or rotating groups of faces within the

existing body, and representing rolling ball

blends with special implicit blend surfaces.

Status:

We are using Parasolid with ICAD and

in other functions within the EDL. Parasol-

id is also currently being used to support

STEP efforts at NIST. We have version 2.2

running on the Sun 4 workstation. Addi-

tionally, Parasohd runs on a variety of engi-

neering workstations (e.g. Apollo, DEC,

HP, and Sun).

Further Reading:

Overview of Parasolid , Shape Data Limit-

ed, Cambridge, England, 1988

Parasolid 2.0 Reference Manual . Shape

Data Limited, Cambridge, England,

1989.

For information within the US contact:

Ron Davidson

McDonnell Douglas Manufacturing and

Engineering Systems Company

325 McDonnell Boulevard

Hazelwood, Missouri 60342

(714) 952-6117

This hidden line image was generated in Parasolid.

Developer:

Shape Data Limited

Parker’s House

46 Regent Street

Cambridge CB2 IDB, England

(0223) 316673


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Allison Barnard Feeney Supporting Hardware and Software

Supporting

Hardware andSoftware

Sun Microsystems

The backbone of the EDL is a Sun 4/

330 SPARC based server with 32 mega-

bytes of physical memory, GX graphics ac-

celerator board, color monitor, 2.3 giga-

bytes of hard disk storage and an 8 mm tape

backup system. The software installed on

this machine includes the Sun operating

system, X Windows, Sun Common Lisp,

Symbolic Programming Environment,

Parasolid solid modeling system. Hoops

graphics software, COSMOS/M finite ele-

ment analysis software, ICAD design sys-

tem, emacs, and Framemaker desktop

publishing software.

Additionally, there are two SPARCsta-

tion 1 computers equipped with 16 mega-

bytes of physical memory, local disks,

color monitors, and graphics accelerators

and two Sun 3/80 workstations, each with

16 megabytes ofmemory and monochrome

monitors.

Silicon Graphics

The EDL is home for a Silicon

Graphics Iris 2400 Turbo. The Iris has 12

megabytes of memory, hardware floating

point and hardware Z-buffer. Installed

software on the Iris includes Common Lisp

and Alpha_l.

IBMAn IBM PS/2 Model 70/A21, with an

Intel 486 power platform, 8514 color mon-

itor and graphics system, 8 megabytes of

memory, 120 megabyte hard disk, ethemet

card, DOS 3.31, and IBM ADC is an integral

part of the design lab. Installed software

packages include N-See verification soft-

ware, Turbo C and Turbo C+-i- program-

ming environments, WordPerfect 5.0,

CADKEY CAD package, and COSMOS/M finite element analysis software.

Apple

Also in the EDL is an Apple Macintosh

nx, with 8 megabytes of physical memory,

160 megabyte internal hard disk, 24 bit col-

or board, a WORM optical 5.25 inch drive,

and two removable 45 megabyte drives.

Additional hardware includes a Howtek

Scanmaster color scanner and Tektronix

4693DX color printer. The Mac n runs

TOPS, a C programming environment, and

numerous paint and publishing packages.

Communications

All of the systems in the EDL are con-

nected via Internet to the outside world and

to other systems at NIST.


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Facility Allison Barnard Feeney

Facility

The Engineering Design Laboratory is

located in Building 304, Room 5 at the Na-

tional Institute of Standards and Technolo-

gy in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The above

diagram outlines current configuration of

the physical facility. Any questions, com-

ments or suggestions concerning the facili-

ties or the design research conducted in the

EDL are welcomed.

Contact:

Peter F. Brown, Project Manager

Machine Intelligence Group


National Institute of Standards and

Technology

Metrology Building A 127

Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

(301) 975-3544


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Allison Barnard Feeney Research Opportunities

Research

Opportunities

With the Omnibus Trade and competi-

tiveness Act of 1988, NIST was designated

the federal government’s catalyst for

speeding innovation and accelerating the

adoption of new technologies and ideas by

U.S. companies. This legislation opens up

even more avenues for cooperation be-

tween NIST and universities, industry, fed-

eral laboratories, state and local

governments—any organizations that have a

stake in helping U.S. business compete

more effectively in the world market.

One of the most popular ways NIST fa-

cilities are made available to industry is

through the Research Associate Program.

In this program, organizations sponsor re-

search associates to work at NIST, provid-

ing salary, fringe benefits, and travel, while

NIST provides use of the facilities, equip-

ment and its broad base of expertise.

Another type of cooperative venture in-

volves the donation (or loan) of software

and/or hardware for use by NIST research-

ers on projects that could ultimately im-

prove a company’s product or way they do

business. In these cases, companies mayadvise NIST researchers on the needs and

concerns of the industry.

The scope, duration, and structure of

the research agreements are determined by

the problem to be solved. These agree-

ments can last from a few weeks to years

and can involve one or many organizations.

The goal at hand is to solve the problem ef-

fectively and efficiently.

Contact:

David E. Edgerly

Director, Office of Research and

Technology Applications

Room A573, Building 301

National Institute of Standards and

Technology

Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

(301) 975-3087


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NIST-114A U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE(REV. 3-90) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET

1 . PUBUCATION OR REPORT NUMBER

NISTIR 45192. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

3. PUBUCATION DATE^

. FEBRdSy -1^14. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Engineering Design Laboratory Guide

5. AUTHOR(S)


6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION OF JOINT OR OTHER THAN NIST. SEE INSTRUCTIONS)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGYGAITHERSBURG, MO 20899

7. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER

8. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

9. SPONSORINQ ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (STREET. CITY. STATE, ZIP)

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-WORD OR LESS FACTUAL SUMMARY OF MOST SIQNIRCANT INFORMATION. IF DOCUMENT INCLUDES A SIGNIFICANT BIBUOQRAPHY ORLITERATURE SURVEY, MENTION IT HERE.)

This document provides a brief description of the systems available for use in the

Engineering Design Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, Maryland. The Engineering Design Laboratory was established to study the

process of design, how design information can be represented, and how to make designinformation available to necessary systems throughout a product's life cycle. This

document also discusses opportunities for collaborative or independant research in the

Enginearing Design Lab.

|l2. KEY WORDS (6 TO 12 ENTRIES; ALPHABETICAL ORDER; CAPITALIZE ONLY PROPER NAMES; AND SEPARATE KEY WORDS BY SEMICOLONS)

Apparel design, design laboratory, finite element modeling, knowledge based software,

solid modeling

11 AVAU-AAIUTV 14. NUMBER OF PRINTED PAGES

X UNUMITED

FOR OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION. DO NOT RELEASE TO NATIONAL TECHNICAL B4F0RMAT10N SERVICE (NTIS).

1^'

ORDER FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. 0.S, GOVERNMENT PRINT1N0 OFFICE,

WASMNGTON, DC 20402.

15. PRICE

A02"x- ORDER FROM NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS), SPRINGFIELD,VA 22161.

electronic form

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'"" ''"35 ,"t,rj ^ *

Engineering design laboratory guide

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