Engine testing and rating - Infineum Insight · © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013. Performance you can rely on. 3 Multi-cylinder diesel tests of

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

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InfineumInsight.com/Learn

Engine testing and rating



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As part of current API SN / ILSAC GF-5 category

Manufacturer Sequence Lubricant Performance Attribute Test Engineering Inc. Ball Rust Test Rust inhibition (replaced Sequence IID) General Motors IIIF* Oxidation and wear control General Motors IIIG Oxidation, deposits and wear control General Motors IIIGA Low temperature oil thickening Nissan IVA Cam lobe wear control Ford VG Sludge and varnish deposit control GM VID Fuel efficiency & retention Cooperative Lubricant Research VIII Copper/lead bearing corrosion protection

Standardized gasoline tests

*Denotes that test is part of current API CJ-4 category

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Multi-cylinder diesel tests of API CJ-4 Category

Manufacturer Engine Test Lubricant Performance Attribute Mack T-11 Soot induced viscosity increase control Mack T-11A Used oil low temperature pumpability Mack T-12 Ring, liner, and bearing wear, oxidation control Caterpillar C13 Piston deposits and oil consumption control Cummins ISM Soot related wear control by sliding

contact, sludge, and oil filter plugging control Cummins ISB Wear control by sliding contact GM Powertrain RFWT (6.5L) Wear control by rolling contact Navistar EOAT (HEUI) Engine oil aeration control

Standardized diesel tests

Single cylinder diesel tests of API CJ-4 Category

Manufacturer Engine Test Lubricant Performance Attribute Caterpillar 1-N Diesel detergency, oil consumption control

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Ball rust test

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s ability to inhibit rust of internal engine parts in cyclic

cold and hot operation where significant water and acid buildup can occur

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Ball rust test

Test Features Equipment: Hydraulic lifter ball in 20 cc syringe with 10 cc

of test oil on shaker table

Acid solution: Acetic acid/HBr/HCl/deionized water

Acid addition: 0.19 ml/hr.

Air flow: 40 cc/minute

Temperature: 48 °C

Shaker speed: 300 RPM

Test length: 18 hours

Test Cost: ~$650

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Ball rust test

•  Rated Parameter –  Hydraulic Lifter Ball

•  Measured Item Affecting Validity –  None

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Key factors affecting ball rust test

•  Air flow rate •  Acid addition rate

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Sequence IIIF

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s resistance to oxidation and wear in high speed and

high temperature vehicle operation.

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Sequence IIIF

Test Features Engine/valve train: GM 3800 Series II V6, retrofitted

with sliding contact valve train Fuel: Haltermann red (unleaded) Test length: 80 hours Test conditions: Steady rate high speed

Speed: 3600 RPM Oil temp: 155°C Coolant temp: 122°C Load: 200 Nm

Analytical: Viscosity every 10 hrs Reference requirement: Every 15 candidates Engine parts: Critical parts serialized Test cost: ~$47,000

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Sequence IIIF

Rated Parameters •  Oxidation:

–  Viscosity increase •  Engine varnish:

–  Piston skirt varnish •  Wear:

–  Average cam wear •  Other:

–  Weighted piston deposits –  Stuck rings

•  Measured Items Affecting Validity –  Oil consumption

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Key factors affecting sequence IIIF

•  Oil temperatures to engine •  External oil system - maintains oil temperatures •  Engine build •  Operations

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Sequence IIIG

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s resistance to oxidation, piston deposits and valve train

wear in high speed and high temperature vehicle operation.

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Sequence IIIG

Test Features Engine/valve train: GM 3800 Series II V6, retrofitted with sliding contact

valve train and phosphated cam shaft Fuel: Haltermann red (unleaded) Test length: 100 hours Test conditions: Steady rate high speed


Analytical / Oil leveling: Viscosity sample and fresh oil add every 20 hrs Reference requirement: Every 15 candidates Engine parts: Critical parts serialized Test cost: ~$55,000

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Sequence IIIG

Rated Parameters •  Oxidation:

–  % Viscosity increase @ 40C •  Engine Deposits:

–  Weighted Piston Deposits •  Wear:

–  Average cam wear •  Other:

–  Hot Stuck rings •  Measured Items Affecting Interpretability

–  Oil consumption

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Key factors affecting sequence IIIG


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Sequence IIIGA

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s resistance to low temperature oil thickening in high

speed and high temperature vehicle operation.

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Sequence IIIGA

Test Features Engine/valve train: GM 3800 Series II V6, retrofitted with sliding

contact valve train and phosphated cam shaft Fuel: Haltermann red (unleaded)

Test length: 100 hours Test conditions: Steady rate high speed


Analytical / Oil leveling: Viscosity sample and fresh oil add every 20 hrs

Reference requirement: Every 15 candidates

Engine parts: Critical parts serialized

Test cost: ~$54,000

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Sequence IIIGA

Rated Parameter •  Oil Thickening:

–  MRV Viscosity

Measured Items Affecting Interpretability •  Oil consumption

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Key factors affecting sequence IIIGA


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Sequence IVA

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent cam lobe wear in slider valve train

design engines operated at low temperature, short trip, ‘stop and go’ conditions.

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Sequence IVA

Test Features Engine: Nissan 2.4L inline 4-cylinder Valve train: Slider valve train Fuel: Haltermann green (unleaded) Test length: 100 hours Test conditions: Baseline/aging test/baseline

- Baseline - Aging - Test RPM Oil Temp °C

Test sequence: 800 50°C 1500 60°C

Reference requirement: Every 10 tests Engine parts: Batched Test cost: ~$21,000

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Sequence IVA

Rated Parameter •  Average of seven positions cam wear

Measured Item Affecting Validity •  Parts batch

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Key factors affecting sequence IVA

•  Oil temperature •  Coolant temperature

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Sequence VG

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent excessive sludge and varnish

deposits in short trip/low temperature driving conditions.

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Sequence VG

Test Features Engine: Ford 4.6L SOHC V-8 Valve train: Roller lifter valve train Fuel: Haltermann fuels ‘VG Mark 2’ (Clear) Test length: 216 hours Test conditions: 3 operating conditions every 4 hours

1. Medium speed/warm: 120 mins. 2. Medium speed/hot: 75 mins. 3. Low speed/cold: 45 mins.

Reference requirement: Every six months Engine parts: Kit parts Test cost: ~$53,000

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Sequence VG

Rated Parameters •  Engine sludge:

–  Rocker arm cover –  Average Engine

•  Engine varnish: –  Average Engine –  Piston skirt

•  Other: –  Ring Stick –  Oil Screen clog

•  Measured Items Affecting Validity –  Oil consumption –  Blow-by

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Key factors affecting sequence VG

•  Oil temperature •  Coolant temperature •  Fuel batch •  Parts batch •  Operations

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Sequence VID

Objective •  To measure the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of

passenger cars and light‐duty (3856 kg, 8500 pounds or less gross vehicle weight) trucks relative to that of an SAE 20W-30 baseline oil.

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Sequence VID

Test Features Engine: 3.6L V-6 Ford Valve train: Roller follower Test length: 155 hours Test conditions: Baseline/candidate test/baseline

- Baseline - BL oil 20W-30 measured twice at each of six test conditions - FEI 1 aging - 16 hours @ 2250 RPM and oil at 120oC; FEI 2 aging – 84 hours @ 2250 RPM and oil at 120oC . - 6 stages RPM Oil Temp °C 2000 115 2000 65 1500 115 695 115 695 35 695 115

Test sequence: BL/candidate age/candidate test FEI 1/candidate age/candidate test FEI 2/BL

Engine parts: Production engine Test cost: ~$30,000

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Sequence VID

Rated Parameters •  FEI (Fuel Economy Improvement)

–  Initial –  Retained

Measured Items Affecting Validity •  Operation control parameters

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Key factors affecting sequence VID

•  Engine condition •  Oil flushing •  Lab/engine severity

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Sequence VIII

Objective •  To evaluate the ability of an oil to minimize copper/lead bearing corrosion

and its resistance to permanent viscosity loss due to mechanical shear.

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Sequence VIII

Test Features

Engine: Single cylinder Labeco research engine

Fuel: Haltermann green (unleaded)


Test conditions: Steady state high speed Speed: 3150 RPM Oil temp.: 290°F Coolant temp.: 200°F Fuel flow: 4.75 lb/hr.

Reference requirement: Every 12th test on engine stand every 6 months

Engine parts: Specially produced research engine parts

Test cost: ~$14,000

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Sequence VIII

Rated Parameters Bearing weight loss Strip viscosity (10 hours)

Measured Items Affecting Validity •  Test conditions

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Key factors affecting sequence VIII

•  Engine preparation –  Cleanliness

•  Bearing characteristics

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Caterpillar 1K/1N

Objective •  To evaluate the detergency characteristics, and oil consumption

properties of diesel crankcase lubricants in a high speed single cylinder diesel engine. The deposits of main concern occur in the piston oil ring groove and third land areas, and cause oil ring sticking and distress that result in loss of engine oil control. The only difference between the two tests is the level of Sulfur used in the fuel.

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Caterpillar 1K/1N

Test Features Engine: 1Y540 direct fuel injection Fuel: 900 gallons

1K - Howell #2 diesel 0.4% Sulfur 1N - Howell LSRD 4 0.04% Sulfur

Test length: 252 hours Test conditions: Steady state Speed: 2100 RPM Load: 52 BHP Oil temp.: 225°F Air pressure: 71 in. Hg Air temp.: 260°F inlet Engine parts: Caterpillar ‘test’ quality pistons, rings and liners Test cost: ~$39,000

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Caterpillar 1K/1N

Rated Parameters •  Piston deposits:

–  Weighted demerits (WDK/WDN) –  Top Groove Fill (TGF) –  Top Land Heavy Carbon (TLHC)

•  Oil consumption: –  Avg. Brake Specific Oil Consumption (BSOC)

•  Other: –  Ring sticking –  Piston, ring and liner distress

•  Measured Items Affecting Validity –  Blow-by rate –  Operating test conditions

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Key factors affecting caterpillar 1K/1N

•  Heat input –  Fuel rate

•  Hot shutdowns •  Piston cooling •  Head build

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Mack T-11

Objective •  Developed to evaluate engine oil performance including viscosity

increase and soot concentration (loading) in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR).

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Mack T-11

Test Features Engine: 6 cylinder in-line

Mack E-Tech V-MAC III Turbocharged and aftercooled, electronic fuel injection with 6 unit pumps

Fuel: 4250 gallons

Test length: 252 hours @1800 rpm and variable timing to meet soot limits

Oil: 9 gallons Rated param.: Soot content (%) at 4cSt, 12cSt, and 15cSt

viscosity increase

Test cost: ~$89,000

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Mack T-11A

Objective •  Developed to evaluate soot handling performance, as measured by used

oil low temperature viscosity increase, of lubricating oils operating in diesel engines equipped with cooled exhaust gas recirculation.

•  Normally run as part of the Mack T-11 test.

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Mack T-11A

Test Features

Engine: 12 Liter 6 cylinder in-line Mack E-Tech V Mac III Turbocharged and after-cooled, electronic fuel injection, six unit pumps

Fuel: ~3000 gallons, <500ppm Sulfur


- 180 hrs@1800 rpm and variable timing to meet soot limits

Oil: 26 gallons (including flush)

Rated parameter: Used oil low temperature viscosity

Test cost: ~$63,000

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Mack T-11A

Key Factors Affecting Test •  Soot loading •  EGR rate •  Heat input

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Mack T-12

Objective •  To evaluate ring and liner wear, bearing corrosion protection, oil

consumption and oxidation control in a 2007 model year high-output diesel engine with a variable geometry turbocharger and significantly increased EGR rates over the Mack T-10.

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Mack T-12

Test Features

Engine: 12 Liter 6 cylinder in-line Mack E-Tech V Mac III Turbocharged and after-cooled, electronic fuel injection, six unit pumps

Fuel: 5800 gallons, <15ppm Sulfur


- 100 hrs@1800 rpm and retarded timing

- 200 hrs@1200 rpm and peak torque

Oil: 32 gallons (including flush)

Test cost: ~$140,000

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Mack T-12

Rated Parameters •  Engine wear:

–  Top Ring Weight Loss –  Cylinder Liner Wear –  End of Test Lead –  Delta Lead 250-300 hours

•  Oil consumption: –  Phase 2 Oil Consumption

•  Other: –  Mack Rating Merits

•  Key Factors Affecting Test –  EGR rate –  Operating test conditions

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Caterpillar C13

Objective •  To evaluate the ability of an engine oil to protect against ring sticking, loss

of oil consumption control and piston deposits in high speed diesel engines with forged steel pistons.

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Caterpillar C13

Test Features

Engine: 12.5 Liter, in-line 6 cyl, ACERT twin turbochargers, after-cooled, with variable inlet valve timing

Fuel: 12,000 gallons, <15ppm Sulfur


- Steady state, 1800 RPM, 411 HP

Oil: 32 gallons

Test cost: ~$190,000

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Caterpillar C13

Rated Parameters •  Piston deposits:

–  Top Land Carbon (TLC) –  Top Groove Carbon (TGC) –  2nd Ring Top Carbon (R2TCA)

•  Oil consumption:

–  Avg. of 100-150 vs 450-500 hours

•  Other: –  Stuck Rings –  Caterpillar Rating Merits

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Cummins ISM

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent soot related overhead wear, sludge

and oil filter plugging when it is subjected to high levels of soot and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).

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Cummins ISM

Test Features

Engine: 11 Liter, in-line 6 cylinder, cooled EGR, Electronic controlled unit-injectors, variable geometry turbocharger


Test length: 200 hours (cycling between Stage A and B) 50 hours each stage (both steady state) Stage A conditions - loads the oil with soot

Stage B conditions - promotes valve train wear (crossheads and injector screw wear)

Oil: 31 gallons

Test Cost: ~$111,000

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Cummins ISM

Rated Parameters •  Engine Wear:

–  Average Valve Adjusting Screw Weight Loss –  Average Crosshead Weight Loss

•  Engine Cleanliness: –  Average Engine Sludge

•  Filter Plugging: –  Oil Filter Delta Pressure at 150 hours

•  Other: –  Cummins Rating Merits

•  Key Factors Affecting Test –  Injection timing (to maintain rate of soot production) –  Piston cooling

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Cummins ISB

Objective •  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent cam lobe and sliding valve train wear

when it is subjected to high levels of soot and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).

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Cummins ISB

Test Features

Engine: 5.9 Liter, 6 cylinder in-line, common rail fuel system, EGR variable geometry turbocharger


Test length: 350 hours - 100 hours@1600 rpm and retarded timing - 250 hours cycling from idle to rated load and speed to peak torque

Oil: 15 gallons

Test Cost: $~86,000

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Cummins ISB

Rated Parameters •  Valve Train Wear:

–  Average Tappet Weight Loss –  Average Cam Lobe Wear –  Average Crosshead Weight Loss (Rate & Report Only)

•  Key Factors Affecting Test –  Injection timing to maintain rate of soot production

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6.5L wear (roller-follower wear test)

Objective •  To evaluate the soot-induced wear of the roller-follower pin in a General

Motors 6.5 liter engine.

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General Motors Powertrain 6.5L wear (RFWT) Test Features

Engine: 1991 6.5L pre-chamber diesel

Fuel: 140 gallons (low sulfur reference diesel)


Test conditions: Steady state 1000 RPM 43 BHP 245°F oil inlet air

Engine parts: Serialized special test parts

Test cost: ~$12,000

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General Motors Powertrain 6.5L wear (RFWT) Rated Parameters •  Wear:

–  Wear of roller lifter pin axles

Measured Items Affecting Validity •  Operating test conditions

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Navistar engine oil aeration test

Objective •  To evaluate an engine oil’s resistance to aeration.

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Test Features

Engine: Navistar 444 cubic inch

Direct injection turbocharged DIT

HEUI (Hydraulically Actuated Electronically Controlled Unit Injectors)

Fuel: LSRD 4, 300 gallons


Test conditions: Rated power 210 at 3000 RPM

Reference requirement: Every 30 tests

Test cost: ~$8,000

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Rated Parameters •  Amount of air entrained in the oil:

–  8.0% max. allowed

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Engine testing and rating - Infineum Insight · © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013. Performance you can rely on. 3 Multi-cylinder diesel tests of

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