Engaging Businesses in SUN Country National Nutrition Strategies’ SUN Business Network Workshop: East & Southern Africa 10-12 th June, Nairobi Safari Park Club, Kenya Mawuli Sablah Chief Technical Advisor – CAADP Nutrition Mainstreaming – FAO – Regional Office for Africa
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Engaging Businesses in SUN Country
National Nutrition Strategies’
SUN Business Network Workshop: East & Southern Africa
10-12th June, Nairobi Safari Park Club, Kenya
Mawuli Sablah
Chief Technical Advisor – CAADP Nutrition Mainstreaming – FAO – Regional Office for Africa
Presentation outline
Nutrition Trends in Africa
Challenges on food systems and nutrition
Opportunities to engage private sector to improve food system for nutrition
Food systems and the private sector; working for nutrition
Conclusions
The double burden of malnutrition
Source: WHO Global Database on Body Mass Index
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Brazil South Africa Senegal
Stunted
Undernourished
Over-wt/Obesity
The burden of under-nutrition, overweight & obesity
Data expressed as percentage of population stunted (chdn <5yrs NLiS, DHS), undernourished (population – FAO) and overweight or obese (women 15-49yrs, NLiS, DHS). Data extracted from UN SCN No. 40, 2013 ISSN 1564 – 3743 pg. 23)
Food production, availability, access and utilization
Pressures on natural resources
Climate change
Others,
Rapid urbanization
Increasing population growth
Food Systems,
Human health and nutrition
Climate change, food
insecurity
Over-exploitation of natural resources
Challenges on Food Systems
Urbanization megatrend
Percent
Source: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ Population Division Downloaded May 24, 2014
Very little diversity in the way we eat now:
UNDERNOURISHMENT AND OVERACQUISITION TRENDS IN AFRICA (GNR – 2014)
14 15 20 22
30 30 25 24
56 55 55 55
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1991 2000 2010 2012
Neither undernourishment or overacquisition
Undernourishment
Over acquisition
Source: Huffman et al. MCN 2014
0 20 40 60 80
Sierra Leone(2008)
Nigeria (2008)
Namibia (2006-2007)
Liberia (2007)
Ghana (2008)
Cameroon (2011)
Sugary Foods
Infant Formula
Fortified infantcereals
Eggs
Vit A - rich foods
0 20 40 60 80
Zimbabwe (2005-2006)
Zambia (2007)
Uganda (2011)
Tanzania (2010)
Swaziland (2005-2006)
Malawi (2010)
Madagascar (2008-2009)
Sugary foods
Infant formula
Fortified infant cereals
Eggs
Vit A - rich foods
West Africa East Africa
% of children 6-23 mo consuming selected types of foods preceding interview day:
% of children 6-23 mo consuming sugary foods preceding interview day by rural urban sites:
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Sierra Leone (2008)
Nigeria (2008)
Namibia (2006-2007)
Liberia (2007)
Ghana (2008)
Cameroon (2011)
Urban
Rural
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Zimbabwe (2005-2006)
Zambia (2007)
Uganda (2011)
Tanzania (2010)
Swaziland (2005-2006)
Malawi (2010)
Madagascar (2008-2009)
Urban
Rural
West Africa East Africa
Source: Huffman et al. MCN 2014
INDIGENOUS FRUITS – RICH SOURCES OF ASCORBIC ACID, ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS & PROTEIN (Safou & Baobab), MINERALS (Calcium, Iron, Magnesium) (Slide courtesy of F. Smith)
Forest Foods of animal origin contribute bioavailable sources of protein, micronutrients such as iron, zinc (Slide courtesy of F. Smith)
The Food System Is Broken: We Need to Involve All Stakeholder Groups in Finding Solutions Posted: 05/05/2014 1:43 pm EDT Updated: 05/05/2014 1:59 pm EDT OPed in the Huffington Post by the Executive Director of the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN).
Basic underlying cause
Poor Quality of diets Over-processed foods: energy dense, high in sugar, fat, salt
Local foods and indigenous foods considered inferior; foods for the
poor
Changes in the diet of populations
Globalization, urbanization and rising income growth lead to dietary change. Diets include more:
• animal food products
• fats and oils
• Sugars and high levels of salt
• ultra-processed foods
Declines in consumption of traditional protein sources including legumes
Opportunities for Private Sector to positively influence the food system
What is the Food System?
Food Systems: includes the entire range of activities from agricultural inputs and productions, through processing, marketing and retailing to consumption. Food systems also involve the people and institutions …and technological environment in which these activities take place (SAFA, 2013)”
Private sector responsibility / Public sector policy
Initial apprehension on engaging private sector on SUN
Agricultural Policy Shifts – Most common:
• Increase output and farm incomes
• Improve quality of the products
– Less common:
• Combating under-nutrition
• Reducing obesity and diet-related NCDs
• Promoting healthy diet
THE UN SECRETARY GENERAL’S ZERO HUNGER CHALLENGE
Elements of the Food System
Production up to farm
gate
Post harvest supply chain (Farm gate to retailer)
Consumer
R&D, inputs, production, farm
management
Advertising, labelling, education/empowerment,
safety nets, etc.
Marketing, storage, trade, processing,
transportation, retailing
Why Engage the Private Sector in Food Systems for Nutrition?
Determines whether food is available, affordable, acceptable, of adequate quantity and quality
With nutrition transition there is reliance on processed foods and convenient foods
Food companies are influencing the food system by shaping consumer demand and responding to demands
Food systems requires working with all stakeholders and defining joint accountability and shared vision
Adequate dietary intake
Health
Access to safe water, sanitation
& adequate HEALTH services
Good nutrition and health
Quantity and quality of actual RESOURCES human, economic & organisational and the way they are controlled
Potential resources: environment, technology, people
How can agriculture contribute?
Adequate maternal & child CARE practices
Household access to safe and
diverse FOOD
Production, processing, storage and marketing of nutritious foods Food
1. Incorporate explicit nutrition objectives and indicators
2. Assess the context at the local level,
3. Target the vulnerable and improve equity
4. Collaborate with other sectors
5. Improve the natural resource base..
6 Empower women.
7. Facilitate production diversification with nutrient-dense crops and small-
livestock.
8. Improve processing, storage and preservation
9. Expand market access
10. Incorporate nutrition promotion and education
How do we improve Nutrition through Agriculture
Improving complementary feeding with local foods
Approach
Right based approach
Learn, test & adapt practices using practical hands on methods of discovery learning that emphasis observation, experimentation, discussion, analysis and collective decision making.
Nutrition in Farmer & Pastoral Field Schools; EHFP/Nutrition Education
ICN - 2
• Political declaration endorsed by member states (Rome Declaration on Nutrition) * Framework for action to guide implementation of political commitments on Nutrition • Defining the rules of engagement,
standards, enforcing regulations, tax incentives and compliance monitoring.
Private Sector is accountable - To:
i. Promote value chains for enhanced nutrition, improved
processing, storage and preservation while expanding
market access
ii. Increase access to micronutrient rich foods; large scale
fortification and bio-fortified food products
iii. Diversify household food production and consumption
through food-based approaches including animal source
foods
iv. promote Nutrition Research and Information systems
v. Promote Nutrition Education, BCC & Advocacy for
accountable food business operations
Engage private sector appropriately to improve food system for better nutrition outcomes Increasing incentives for the private sector to channel inputs
and services for enhancing food production and marketing systems that promote increased access to safe and nutritious foods
Ensuring that the operations of the private sector do not endanger and violate the fundamental human right to adequate nutritious food by the most vulnerable groups; women and children
Agricultural production for better nutrition – Private Sector Leadership