Engaging African American Students Compare Student Engagement and Student Satisfaction at HBCUs and their Self- Identified PWIs using National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) Data Pu-Shih Daniel Chen Ted Ingram Lowell K. Davis Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research
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Engaging African American StudentsCompare Student Engagement and Student Satisfaction at HBCUs and their Self-Identified PWIs using National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) Data
Pu-Shih Daniel Chen
Ted Ingram
Lowell K. DavisIndiana University
Center for Postsecondary Research
OVERVIEW
• Background Information• Literature Review• Methods• Findings• Applications for Institutions
Education for African Americans
The citizenship status of African Americansin the American colonies were loosely
defined during the country's infancy. Incolonial America, there were free blacks aswell as enslaved blacks. But as the colonies
began to rely on a slave labor economy,education of blacks was restricted, and then
outlawed.
With the close of the Civil War 4.4 millionfree African Americans embark upon aneducational journey. Blacks, missionaries,
and the federal government work togetherto create schools.
Current Status of HBCUs
• One hundred and seventy-two years after their inception, historically black colleges and universities stand at the crossroad, ready to take on the future.
• Affirmative Action
• Prepared for Greatness
Importance of Topic• Historically Black College and
Universities are compared with self selected peers
• We attempt to determine the relationship between engagement and student satisfaction
Definition of Related TermsSatisfaction- Based upon twoNSSE survey items
• How would you evaluate yourentire educational experience atthis institution?• If you could start over again,would you go to the sameinstitution you are now attending?
Student Engagement- a measurestudent behaviors and institutional actions that matter to student learningand success in college
Reference: Annual Report 2005
Background of NSSE• Measure effective educational
practices• Began in 2000• Surveyed more than 1000 four-year
colleges and universities• More than 528 colleges and
universities participated in 2005 (17 HBCUs)
• Average response rate ~40%
Survey Administration• How do undergraduates spend
their time and what do they gain from attending college?
• Spring administration
• Survey items examine: student-faculty interaction, satisfaction, academic preparation and execution, out-of-class activities, etc.
NSSE Survey Administration• Paper ,Web, Web+• Paper: Contact students by
mail, students can respond by mail or web
• Web: Solely Electronic Communication
• Web+: Hardcopy paper survey is used to supplement web survey
• Student potentially contacted 5x’s
Research Questions• Do African American/Black
students have the same level of education engagement at HBCUs vs. PWIs?
• Do African American students have the same level of satisfaction with their collegiate experience at HBCUs vs. PWIs?
• What factor may drive the differences, if any, in student satisfaction between HBCUs and PWIs?
Black student engagement at HBCUs
• More likely to be involved in student government (Sutton & Kimbrough, 2001)
• Spent more time utilizing campus facilities and participating in clubs and organizations (Watson & Kuh, 1996)
• Direct effects on self-reported gains in:– understanding the arts and
humanities – Personal and social development– Understanding science and
• Public/private• Student enrollment size• Average faculty salary
Institutional Characteristics HBCU PWI Number of Institutions 17 246 African American Student Percentage 89% 8% Average Full-time Enrollment (FTE) 3,872 5,695 Average Percentage of Faculty with Terminal Degree 67% 80% Average salary equated to 9-month contracts of full-time instructional faculty - all ranks 54,064 56,458
Carnegie Classifications (2000 version) Doctoral Extensive 0% 2% Doctoral Intensive 6% 10% Master’s 65% 39% Baccalaureate – Liberal Arts 0% 28% Baccalaureate – General 29% 20% Institutional Control Public 82% 55% Private 18% 45%
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55
60
65
HBCU
PWI
HBCU 56.28 58.9 49.63 43.05 58.41
PWI 55.92 53.1 43.77 41.64 58.73
Level ofAcademicChallenge
Active &Collaborative
Learning
Student-Faculty
Interaction
EnrichingEducationalExperiences
SupportiveCampus
Environment
NSSE Benchmarks
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
HBCU
PWI
HBCU 71.72 64.25 65.73
PWI 69.96 60.91 63.67
Higher Order Learning Integrative Learning Reflective Learning