ENG-03-英文論文常用句型(1)

1

英文論文常用句型-背景、參考文獻及研究主題描述

參考書：科技英文論文寫作(俞炳丰，五南圖書)

ISBN: 978-957-11-4771-0)

2

背景材料與文獻回顧-研究程度描述的標準句型之一

the effect ofubiquitouscomputingtechnologies ineducation.

has been conducted onhas been done regardinghas been performed onhas been published on

studiesexperiments

ManyA number ofSeveralQuite few

the ubiquitouscomputingtechnologies.

has been devoted onhas been directed towardhas been focused on

attentionMuchLittle

the analysis ofstudent learningbehaviors on theInternet.

has been carried out onhas been done onhas been performed onhas been published regardinghas been conducted onhas been devoted on

workresearch

MuchLittleNoA volume of

主題動詞(現在完成式，被動語態)研究程度

3

背景材料與文獻回顧-研究程度描述的標準句型之二

has drawnhas attracted

The effect of mobilelearning technologieson the changes ofstudent learning attitude

動詞(現在完成式，主動語態)

in recent years.

in the last decade.

since 1995.

much attention

much interest

little attention

has drawnhas attracted

The design of mobilelearning activities

has beenThe effect of mobilelearning technologieson the changes ofstudent learning attitude

in recent years.

in the last decade.

since 1995.

the subject of muchresearchthe subject of fewstudiesthe focus of a greatdeal of research

has beenThe design of mobilelearning activities

時間(可有可無)研究程度主題

4

背景材料與文獻回顧-研究程度描述的標準句型之三

since 1992.in the last decade.in recent years.

has been widely discussedhas been extensively examinedhas been thoroughly investigatedhas seldom been discussed

動詞(現在完成式，被動語態)及研究程度

The effect of mobilelearning on thechanges of studentlearning attitude

since 1992.in the last decade.in recent years.

has been widely discussedhas been extensively examinedhas been thoroughly investigatedhas seldom been discussed

The design of mobilelearning activities

時間(可有可無)主題

5

背景材料與文獻回顧-引用學者研究成果常用句型之一

the effect of mobilelearningtechnologies on thechanges of studentlearning attitude.

have studiedhave investigatedhave examinedhave exploredhave reported onhave discussedhave considered

Many investigatorsSeveral researchersA number of authorsFew writer

主題動詞(現在完成式，主動語態)多作者

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背景材料與文獻回顧-引用學者研究成果常用句型之二

(Brown, 1982;Forman, 1986McGee, 1988)

參考引述

by several authorsby a number ofauthorsby manyinvestigatorsby few writers

have been studiedhave been investigatedhave been examinedhave been exploredhave been reported onhave been discussedhave been considered

The effectsof mobilelearning

多作者動詞(現在完成式，被動語態)主題

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背景材料與文獻回顧-引用學者研究成果常用句型之三

that

That

(Kleeman, 1988;Roberts, 1990;Paul, 1993)

參考引述

mobile learning ishelpful inimproving thelearningachievement ofindividual students.

have foundhave shownhave reportedhave indicatedhave suggested

Severalresearchers

研究成果動詞(現在完成式，主動語態)

多作者

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背景材料與文獻回顧-引用學者研究成果常用句型之四

mobile learning is helpful inimproving the learning achievementof individual students.

研究結果

thatshowedfoundreportednotedsuggestedobservedindicatedpointed out

Hwang(2003)

That動詞(過去簡單式，主動語態)

作者及文獻年代

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背景材料與文獻回顧-引用學者研究成果常用句型之五

He found that….

第二句為作者導向引述

the effect of mobilelearning on thechanges of studentlearning attitude.

studiedexaminedinvestigatedexploredconsidered

Lin(2005)

主題動詞(過去簡單式，主動語態)


10

背景材料與文獻回顧-受詞子句使用現在過去簡單式

mobile learning is helpful inimproving the learningachievement of individual students.

Tsai andHwang [9]

water boils at 100℃.

研究結果(現在簡單式)

thatshowedfoundreportednotedobservedsuggestedpointed out

Hwang(2007)

That動詞(過去簡單式)作者及文獻年代

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背景材料與文獻回顧-形容詞子句使用現在簡單式

that produces more effectiveresults.

Hwang [14]

that solves the problemsefficiently.

形容詞子句(現在簡單式)

an algorithma techniquea method

developeddescribedintroduceddesignedpresentedproposed

Hwang (2006)

賓語動詞(過去簡單式)


12

背景材料與文獻回顧-受詞子句中使用過去簡單式

mobile learning was helpful in improvingthe learning achievement of individualstudents.

Hwang [14]

the learning achievements of individualstudents were in reasonable agreementwith the expected result.

研究結果(過去簡單式)

thatfoundsuggestedobservedreportedindicated

Hwang(2006)

That動詞(過去簡單式)


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背景材料與文獻回顧-表示建議或假設的受詞子句時態

these unexpected data may result fromdifferences in the data schema design orthe data type definitions.

資料(may+動詞原型)

thatsuggestedhypothesizedproposedargued

Merten(2000)

That推測動詞(過去簡單式)


14

介紹研究主題-指出問題的基本句型之一

the effect of mobilelearning on thechanges of studentlearning attitude.

few studies has been done onfew studies have reported onfew studies have republished onfew researchers have studiedno studied have investigatedlittle research has been devoted tolittle information has been publishedconcerningno work has been done onlitter literature available onlittle is known aboutinsufficient data are available on

However,Nevertheless,Unfortunately,

研究主題指出過去研究的不足轉折副詞

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介紹研究主題-指出問題的基本句型之二

little research has been done onthe construction of cooperativelearning groups (B).little attention has been paid to B.little information is available on B.little work has been published onB.few researchers have studied on B.few studied have investigated B.

much research has been devotedon the design of cooperativelearning activities (A),much work has been done on A,many studies have beenpublished concerning A,many researcher haveinvestigated A,much literature is available on A,

AlthoughWhile

主題二的研究程度主題一的研究程度連接詞

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介紹研究主題-論文導向基本句型之一

the basic criteria, strategies, and research issuesof context-aware ubiquitous learning, andidentifies the necessary check items as well forthe development of such learning environment.

This paper proposesThis thesis describesThis letter presents

an enhanced genetic algorithm for organizingcooperative learning groups to meet multiplegrouping criteria.

The present paper reportsThis report presentsThis thesis describesThis paper discusses

to develop an assistant system for organizingcooperative learning groups.to model the student learning behaviors on theInternet.

The purpose of this paper isThe aim of this report isThe objective of the presentpaper is

研究目的或主題論文導向(現在簡單式)

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介紹研究主題-論文導向基本句型之二

that Chen’s assumption is false.that conventional method causeserrors in special cases.how these material variables affectpaste formation during mixing.

This paper will argueThis report will present evidence toshowThis letter will present a proofIn this paper, we will argueIn this report, we will attempt to show

a new method for analyzing A.several approaches to improving A.a theory that attempt to explain A.new equations for expressing A.

This paper will proposeThis thesis will presentThis paper will evaluateThis paper will discuss

研究主題論文導向(過去簡單式)

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介紹研究主題-研究導向的常用句型

an experiment was conducted to show thefeasibility of applying mobile technologies inscience courses.an innovative approach is proposed to find a set ofparameters to improve the performance of thealgorithm.

In the research described here,In this study,In the present investigation,In this research,In the experiments reportedhere,

to show the feasibility of applying mobiletechnologies in science courses.to identify the efficiency of each test sheetcomposition approach.to find a set of parameters to improve theperformance of the algorithm.

The purpose of theexperiment reported here wasThe aim of this study wasThe objective of this researchwas

研究主題研究導向(過去簡單式)