Energy Technologies for the 21 st Century: The Role for Sustainable Energy— Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Clean Urban Transportation Deborah Lynn Bleviss Sustainable Markets for Sustainable Energy Program Inter-America Development Bank for Roundtable 5, 18 th World Energy Congress
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Energy Technologies for the 21 st Century: The Role for Sustainable Energy—Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Clean Urban Transportation Deborah Lynn.
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Energy Technologies for the 21st Century: The Role for Sustainable
Energy—Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Clean Urban
Transportation
Deborah Lynn BlevissSustainable Markets for Sustainable
Energy ProgramInter-America Development Bank
for Roundtable 5, 18th World Energy Congress
Global Energy Challenges in the 21st Century
• Minority of global population will enjoy high level of energy services; majority will have very basic level of services
• With rising overall demand, increasing strains on local and global environmental integrity, especially from fossil fuels
• More frequent periods of tightening fuel supplies with resulting impact on geopolitics
Global Frameworks Likely to be Used to Address Challenges
• Range from trade initiatives to debt/poverty reduction agreements to environmental conventions
• Example—UN Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC)/Kyoto Protocol
New Requirements for Energy Technologies
• Technologies that can reduce level of carbon emissions (and other greenhouse gases) for given level of energy services
• Technologies that can increase access to energy/electricity services more quickly, efficiently and cost effectively, especially for rural populations
Promising Technologies that Meet Requirements
• For lower carbon intensity, energy efficiency and renewable energy resources
• For expediting access to energy services of poor, off-grid distributed power systems– Range from systems that provide power to
individual consumers to mini-grid distribution systems
Energy Efficiency
• Since oil crises of 70s, great strides made from production through transmission to final end-use– Production gains include efficient combined-
– Innovations such as combined heat and power (CHP) blur traditional transmission role
End-Use Energy Efficiency Gains Substantial
• Products on market today with energy use ½ to less than 1/10 level of products a decade ago
• Expectation that energy efficiency gains will continue at same pace, particularly for end-use
• Efficiency gains will include optimizing individual technologies into systems
Source: Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios of U.S. Carbon Reductions
The Challenge for Energy Efficiency and Transportation
• Great strides in individual transportation technologies—hybrid electric vehicles on market, fuel cell vehicles will be shortly
• Efficiency gains could be overwhelmed by growth in vehicle use and ownership—WEC projected 55% increase in energy use for mobility between 1995 and 2020
• Increased need to take systems approach to transportation sector—mobility shift to more efficient modes, urban structure to support the modes.
Transit Road- and Signalization-Preference
Energy Efficient, Clean-Fueled Vehicles
Limited Parking Access Transit-Oriented, Mixed Use Urban Development
Integration with Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities
Constrained Access to Limited-Occupancy-Vehicles with Electronic Tolling
Pictures courtesy of Michael Kwartler/Environmental Simulation Center
“BEST PRACTICE” URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF 2020
Renewable Energy
• Great strides in commercial application of renewable energy systems– Wind power systems growth rate >25% annually;
offshore systems in Europe, Brazil plans substantial additions
– Promising strides also in small hydropower systems, geothermal, photovoltaics (PVs)
– Biomass for power has potential with combustion technology advances; biomass role for transportation not clear
Distributed Power Systems
• In developed countries, strides in combined heat and power systems (CHP) for industrial and commercial users; integration of PVs in buildings for base level of electric load
• In developing countries, strides in off-grid systems to reach rural populations– PV-based solar home systems
– Mini-grid systems using biomass wastes, small hydro, wind, diesel generators
Significant Barriers Constraining Potential for These Technologies
• Lack of consistent research commitment– “Feast or famine” funding hinders development in time
for next “crisis”
– Difficult to keep professionals in the field
• Immature industry– Undercapitalized, cannot compete in global market
– High turnover in ownership
– Slow to develop energy services to complement technology sales, especially in developing countries
• Inconsistent national and international policies– Oscillate between strong incentives to develop
technologies to “hands-off” approach
– Abrupt policy shift very debilitating
– Policy conflicts among different government entities
• Limited number of successful models and examples– Second- and third-generation models particularly
lacking
Options to Address These Barriers
• Multi-year funding commitments from governments for R&D
• Coordination among governments—developed and developing—on R&D– Possibly IEA, if includes developing countries
• Innovative private sector partnerships, especially in energy services– Partnership among several to invest in energy services– Partnership with NGOs to undertake capacity-building,
market development activities
Options to Address These Barriers (cont’d)
• Monitoring of national/international policies, and models/examples by international agency(ies); sharing information widely– IEA (if includes developing countries)
– UNFCCC Secretariat
• Partnership of multilateral banks and other donors to catalyze additional models/examples– Creation of competitive funds to support due diligence