Energy Storage Solutions for an Intelligent Future - Anthony Price, Electricity storage in GB and the value of electricity storage

Electricity storage in GB and the value of electricity storage

Anthony Price

Swanbarton

The Electricity Storage Network

Energy policy

Classification of electricity storage by technology

Type

Mechanical / kinetic

Pumped hydro

Flywheels

Thermodynamic Compressed air

Cryogenic storage

Heat engines

Electrical Capacitors SMES

Batteries

Lead acid NiCd Lithium High temperature

Flow Batteries

Hydrogen / electrolyser

Electrolyser / fuel cell

Electrolyser / ICE

H2 / organic cycle

Thermal

Pumped heat, heat engines

Molten salt Ice Ceramics

Development status of storage technologies

kW 100 kW MW 10 MW 100 MW

Superconducting

Batteries ( lead acid, NiCd )

Pumped hydro

Sto

rage

tec

hn

olo

gies

Dev

elo

ped

Compressed air

Micro CAES

Hydrogen storage

NaS

Power rating

Note: the width of the bar indicates storage capacity

Li - ion

Cryogenics

2013 © Swanbarton Limited E&EO

UK projects

LCNF projects Location Installation Power Capacity Type Application

Hemsby April 2011 200 kW 200 kWh Li Wind

Chalvey June 2012 3 *25 kW 3*25 kWh Li Community

Orkney June 2013 2 MW 500 kWh Li Storage Park

Bristol Sept 2013 6 kW 14.4 kWh Lead acid

Darlington (NPG) Nov 2013 2.5 MW 5 MWh Li Voltage control and peak shifting

Darlington Nov 2013 100 kW 200 kWh Li Distribution support

Wooler Nov 2013 100 kW 200 kWh Li Distribution support

Wooler Nov 2013 50 kW 100 kWh Li LV control

Maltby Nov 2013 50 kW 100 kWh Li LV control

Darlington Nov 2013 50 kW 100 kWh Li Smart Grid Demo

Bristol Under constr 90 kW 321 kWh NaNiCl

Shetland Under constr 1 MW 3 MWh Lead acid Power station modulation

Milton Keynes Under constr 150 kW 450 kWh Peak demand reduction

Leighton Buzzard

Under constr 6 MW 10 MWh Li Local constraint management

Willenhall Planned 2 MW 375 kWh

Other projects Location Installation Power Capacity Type Application

Slough Constr 350 kW 2.4 MWh Cryogenic Demonstration

North Wales Planned 50 MW Pumped hydro Energy management

Antrim Planned 268 MW Compressed air Energy management

West Midlands Committed 1.5 MW 6 MWh Pumped heat Wind constraint management

Gaia, Scotland Committed 1.26 MWh Vanadium Flow

Moixa Committed 525 kWh Lithium, aqueous ion

Domestic distributed

Power networks

Today’s network

• Large scale generation, through transmission, distribution to users

• Limited embedded generation (at distribution level)

• Wholesale market supplies retail customers

• Limited number of self suppliers • System planned to meet peak

demand plus reserves – spare (or under utilised assets)

• Low level of interconnections to other systems

• Regulated wires businesses • Facing substantial change

The future • Significant shift from dispatchable

generation to time variable generation • More negative prices for electricity and

increased market volatility • Peaky demands from digital society,

switch to heat pumps, uncertain effect of electric vehicles

• Distributed community and domestic level generation and trading

• Average and peak domestic demand likely to increase (double??)

• Balancing the system requires more flexibility

• Even more government interference?

Reserve and Operating Margin Reserve requirement under ‘Gone Green’

Short Term Operating Reserve Requirement for average wind and low

wind conditions

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

20

10

/11

20

11

/12

20

12

/13

20

13

/14

20

14

/15

20

15

/16

20

16

/17

20

17

/18

20

18

/19

20

19

/20

20

20

/21

20

21

/22

20

22

/23

20

23

/24

20

24

/25

20

25

/26

20

26

/27

20

27

/28

20

28

/29

20

29

/30

20

30

/31

Year

ST

OR

R (

MW

)

Short Term Operating Reserve Requirement (4 hr) with average wind

Short Term Operating Reserve Requirement (4hr) with zero windlow wind

Source: National Grid

The four tools for system balancing

Flexible

generation

Storage

(absorbs and

rejects power)

Interconnectors (and new T & D )

Demand side

response

Does storage offer a solution?

Storage

• Rapid response

• Absorbs and rejects power

• Many options for location

• Rapid construction time

• Possible to match power and energy to requirement

• Multi purpose – unlikely to become a stranded asset

Issues

• No clear business model

• Power industry separation disincentives investment

• Uncertain income projections increases project financing risk

• No clear regulatory or licensing policy

• No current government policy for widespread deployment / adoption of storage

Combination of value

Time-shift

Ancillary services

Network management

£ /

kW

/ye

ar

20 - 50

50 -100

20 - 175

Power quality

Values are indicative and not necessarily additative

Policy requirements

• Clarify position of storage: New classification needed

• Set target for storage requirement: 2 GW by 2020 • Support storage: parity with support for other

new / green technologies + provide certainty of income

• Support mechanism specifically for storage: capacity market class based on capability

• Extend capital grants for deployment of storage: Develop projects to encourage the sector

Summary of key points

• GB system: current pumped storage = 3GW

• Insufficient peak capacity

• Reserve capacity needed

• Storage = suitable technology

• Current business model needs to be improved

• Policy changes needed – New classification for storage

– Government policy to adopt storage

• Consultancy specialising in the commercialisation of electrical energy storage systems

• Clients from North America, Europe and Asia

• Organiser of the International Flow Battery Forum

• Cenelec workshop agreement on flow batteries

• Founder of the Electricity Storage Network

• Member of the ESA

Contact details:

Anthony Price [email protected]

+44 1666 840948

www.electricitystorage.co.uk