ENERGY FROM BIOMASS & BIOGAS : MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN KENYA OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOENERGY SOLUTIONS IN THE KENYAN SUGAR INDUSTRY Patrick Mugenya Engineering Manager - South Nyanza Sugar Company Ltd
ENERGY FROM BIOMASS & BIOGAS :
MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN KENYA
OPPORTUNITIES FOR BIOENERGY SOLUTIONS IN THE KENYAN
SUGAR INDUSTRY
Patrick Mugenya
Engineering Manager - South Nyanza Sugar Company Ltd
OVERVIEW The energy sources in Kenya consist of;
• Wood-fuel and other biomass - 68%
- mainly fuel-wood and charcoal used in
households, institutions & SMEs
• Petroleum - 22%
- Wholly dependent on imports; for transportation, industrial/commercial use, etc.
• Electricity - 9%
• Others (coal, etc.) - 1%
OVERVIEW
Available biomass energy resources include;
• Wood – harvested or waste streams
• Biomass waste/residue – MSW, agro-
processing/industries, animal/human waste
• Sugar or starch crops – for bioethanol
production
• Vegetable oils and animal fats – for biodiesel
production
ELECTRICITY
Source of Electric Power
Generation
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Capacity %
Hydro 761 49.63%
Fossil Fuels 525 34.24%
Geothermal 198 12.91%
Bagasse Cogeneration 26 1.70%
Wind 5.45 0.36%
Isolated Grid 18 1.17%
Total 1,533 100%
• There is a steadily
increasing demand for
electrical energy in the
country. Currently the
installed electricity
generating capacity is as
given in the table.
• 74.5% of generation in
FY2012/2013 was from
renewable resources, with
fossil fuels taking up the
balance of 25.5%
ENERGY & KENYA VISION 2030
• Kenya’s development plan under Vision 2030
anticipates rapid increase in energy demand arising
from economic & social activities that will be
undertaken.
• Peak electricity demand is expected to rise from
1,350MW in 2013, to 3,400MW by 2015 and 5,359MW by
2017.
• To meet this demand, new generation capacity of
5,000MW needs to be developed by 2016.
• It is anticipated that peak demand will be 18,000MW in
2030 against installed capacity of 24,000MW.
ELECTRICITY & KENYA VISION 2030
• The bulk of this generation capacity is expected to
come from fossil fuel sources, geothermal, nuclear,
wind and solar.
• There is however opportunity for bioenergy to
contribute significantly towards meeting this demand
• According to the Ministry of Energy Survey carried out
in 2007, the Kenyan sugar industry has potential to
generate up to 200MW of electricity for export, from
biomass cogeneration.
• This will also help factories drive down he costs of sugar
production
BIOENERGY POTENTIAL IN KENYAN SUGAR INDUSTRY
• There are 11 operating sugar factories in the country
currently,
• One more (Kwale International Sugar Company) is due
for commissioning later this year
• All factories generate process steam and power required
for own use from bagasse.
• Only one factory (Mumias) is currently producing surplus
power for export.
• There is thus a lot of excess bagasse being generated by
the factories.
BIOENERGY POTENTIAL IN KENYAN SUGAR INDUSTRY
• In 2012 a total of 5.8 million tons of sugarcane was
crushed, producing
- 502,600 tons of sugar
- 222,800 tons of molasses, and
- about 1.9 million tons of bagasse
• Molasses from the 10 factories is sold to three operating
distilleries in the country, and the rest to farmers as animal
feeds.
• Other waste materials include filter press-mud (used in
cane fields) and liquid effluent (treated and discharged
into the river)
SATELLITE AERIAL VIEW OF HEAP
SATELLITE VIEW OF EXCESS BAGASSE AT SONYSUGAR
FACTORY
Factory Capacity
(TCD)
1 Mumias Sugar Company
www.mumias-sugar.com
8600
2 South Nyanza Sugar Company
www.sonysugar.co.ke
3000
3 Chemelil Sugar Company
www.chemsugar.co.ke
3000
4 Nzoia Sugar Company
www.nzoiasugar.com
3000
5 Muhoroni Sugar Company
www.musco.co.ke
2200
6 West Kenya Sugar Company 2500
7 Kibos Sugar & Allied Industries
www.kibossugar.co.ke
800*
8 Butali Sugar Mills Ltd 2500
9 Sukari Industries Ltd 1500
10 Transmara Sugar Company
www.transmarasugar.kbo.co.ke
1250
11 Soin Sugar Company 100
SONYSUGAR’S BIOENERGY EXPERIENCE • Established in 1976, South Nyanza Sugar Company is located
in the Migori County of Kenya.
• From the sugar production process, the company generates a number of by-products and wastes (throughout the year) that can potentially be used for energy production;
bagasse, molasses, filter press-mud, and waste-water
• Only bagasse is currently used for energy production through cogeneration.
• Process steam and electricity are generated for in-house use only (4 MWel), and therefore up to 32,000 tons of excess bagasse per annum is left unused.
• Two boilers that were installed in 1979.
SONYSUGAR’S BIOENERGY EXPERIENCE • A low pressure (22bar, 360oC) steam cycle is used, to
generate electricity and exhaust steam at 1.5bar used for process energy requirements
• During 2012/2013 crushing season, a total of 17.1GWh of electricity was generated and consumed.
• In addition, 3.6GWh of energy import from the grid was used (to supply to residential estate).
• Plans are underway to venture into commercial cogeneration as well as ethanol production.
COGENERATION
• SonySugar has concluded feasibility study for a 21MW bagasse-fired cogeneration plant, with 15MW of electricity for export, on firm basis.
• Plant will be based on high pressure (87bar, 515oC) steam system.
• Fuel will come from the 1 million tons of cane to be crushed per annum.
• Power evacuation will be through a 132kV Sub-station to be built next to the factory by KETRACO.
SONYSUGAR COGENERATION SITE
Proposed Power Plant Site is shown on the RHS while the existing 11kV Sub-station (to be upgraded to 132kV) is on the bottom LHS corner
ETHANOL PRODUCTION
• Feasibility study for 35-kilolitres per day (KLPD)
ethanol distillery utilising molasses from the
sugar plant has been completed.
• Environmental Impact Assessment study is
underway.
• The plant will run on energy derived from waste
materials of the distillery and bagasse.
• Incineration of distillery spent wash will produce
process steam and 1.5MW of electricity.
BIOGAS POTENTIAL
• Filter press-mud, another waste product of the
sugar process can be used to produce biogas
to generate electricity.
• A pre-feasibility study in 2011 indicated up to
470kW could be generated from the 18,600
tons of press-mud produced per annum.