Energy Sources and Uses

Energy Sources and Uses

12.1 a

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

• _______________• Dwight ________________, 1960• 19.5 million acres in northeast corner of

_____________________• 1968- U.S.’s ____________ ___________

at Prudhoe Bay Alaska discovered (West of ANWR)

• Trans-Alaska _________ __________ built to transport oil to Valdez, Alaska

ANWR Energy Possibilities

• Oilfield discovered below ANWR- _________ __________ aprox. 7 billion barrels

• If ANWR opened up, would take ___ ________ before oil begins to flow out.

• ________ ______________ barrels a day, same amount we were importing from _______ before the war in 2003

• That amount would be _____ of U.S. daily oil _________________ (in 2030)

• Also estimated to hold 4 trillion ft3 of ______ ___

ANWR Wildlife

• ________________– 130,000 arrive to 1002 Area each summer to

feed and produce ______________

• Musk ____________- herd of 250

• Wolves, ____________, grizzly bear, polar bear, lynx, many other _________, 95 species of migratory birds

ANWR Oil Development Impact

• Could _______ Porcupine caribou herd and musk oxen closer to mountains- with more ______________ and less food

• Would not be pristine wilderness anymore with oil ______, roads, ____________, villages

Political Battle Over Opening ANWR

• Republicans & Bush Administration______ _______.– Major piece of national ________ _________

• Most _____________ against it • American public _________ or against• _____________ Eskimos for it – believe

important to survival• ___________ Indians against it- they

depend on caribou herd

• Interior Department’s Geological Survey concluded that opening ANWR would _______ Caribou and other wildlife (reviewed ______ __________ of research)

• Gale ____________ reversed decision when she became _________ _____________ in 2002.

Patriotism and International Politics

• Bush administration– Matter of ________________ ____________– Developing ANWR would ___________- U.S.

dependence on ____________ oil

• Oil Industry– U.S. oil reserves continuing to ____________– Developing ANWR would provide thousands

of ________ and __________

Other side

• ______________ of Iraqi war believe war was more about _____ than Saddam Hussein or WMD

• Many critics say the same about 1991 ____________ War

Oil Spills

• Seem ______________ as oil is transported via ship from oilfields to refineries around the world.

• __________ __________ 1989 spilled – 11 ___________ gallons of crude oil into

Prince Edward Sound– Oil still ___________- into food chain

• 2002- Prestige sank of ___________ coast, 21 million gallons

Harnessing Energy Sources: An Overview

• Muscle Power

• Coal

• Oil

• Natural Gas

Muscle Power

• Early times and today in ___________ ________________ regions

• Human muscle power: ________, indentured servants, ______ ________ workers

• Domestic ____________

• For _____________ and transportation

Steam Engines

• Launched the _______________ Revolution• Water boiled in a closed vessel to produce high

pressure ________________• Steam pushes a _______________________

back and forth in a cylinder• _______________ (connected to piston) turns

the drive wheel of the machinery • Steam Engines became power source for:

– Sawmills, ________ mills, steamships, steam tractors, etc.

Steam Driven Tractor fig 12-3

Coal

• At first, ___________ used to heat water for steam engine, but became __________

• ___________ was used instead of wood

• Dominant fuel from _______ to __________.

• Coal also used for ___________, cooking, and industrial processes

• In 1920’s- coal provided ________ of U.S. energy

• 2002- _________

Drawbacks

• _____________ and fumes- so bad, couldn’t see a ___________ away

• ____________ to mine coal, dirty to handle

• Large quantities of ________ to remove

• Steam Engines very ________ and bulky

Oil

• Late 1800s, 3 technologies ________ coal fired steam engines– Internal _______________ engine– Oil-well ________________– _______________ of crude oil

• Air Quality __________________• New engines were ___________, lighter,

and had more ___________- automobiles and planes benefited

Dependence on Oil

• Since the __________, economic development has _________________ on technologies that consume gasoline and other oil products

• 1951 Crude oil dominant energy source for U.S.

• World wide- oil _________ Coal ________

Global Primary Energy Supply

Natural Gas

• 3rd Primary _________ ____________• Often found in search of ______• Largely ______________- produces CO2 and

H2O during ____________________- cleaner than oil or coal

• At first, difficult to transport, so ___________• Built network of ______________ to connect • Used for _____________, cooking, and industrial • No storage tanks required- ________________

and relatively inexpensive

Energy Consumption in U.S. Fig 12-5

• Fossil Fuels- Crude Oil, coal, natural gas provide ___________ of U.S. energy consumption.

• Provide ____________ of world’s consumption