Energy saving in building by using energy efficient green building materials

IRJMST Vol 5 Issue 11 [Year 2014] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 53

Energy saving in building by using energy efficient green building materials

P.S.Jatav1, Prof. Deepak Rastogi2, Dr. M.K. Trivedi3

1. Student scholar, M.E. Civil (CTM) MITS Gwalior (M.P.)

2. Associate Prof. Department of Civil Engineering, MITS Gwalior (M.P.)

3. Prof. Department of Civil Engineering, MITS Gwalior (M.P.)

Abstract:

The built environment is a significant contributor to global green house gas emissions. In many

industrialized nations, more than 40% of carbon emissions are the result of energy consumption by

buildings. Using the right materials in our homes can help preserve the environment and save our money

in long run whether we are constructing a new building from ground up. Using energy efficient building

materials can save our hundred even many thousands of rupees not only in energy savings but also in tax

incentives, grants and rebates. Low energy materials may be used for construction of floor, slab, roof

slab, walling system, false ceiling, inbuilt furniture, internal partitioning, paneling etc. in order to reduce

the overall embodied energy of the building structure. As per literature studies/ survey more than 70% of

the total materials used in the building interior should be low energy or energy efficient. Hence, choice

of the building material is very important in reducing the energy contents of building. This paper is

focused on energy saving in building using energy efficient green building materials. For this purpose an

institutional building constructed in the campus of IIITM Gwalior is visited during its construction and

is taken as a case study

Introduction:

The buildings sector accounts for about 40% of primary energy consumption, 70% of the electricity use

and 40% of atmospheric emissions in developed countries. Globally buildings account for about 20-30%

of primary energy use and emissions. Currently total annual world primary energy consumption from

human activities is about 450 quadrillion (i.e. 470 EJ). World building energy use is projected to grow

by 38 quads (40 EJ) by year 2030. The current rate of total annual world anthropogenic carbon

emissions is about 6500 million metric tons of carbon equivalents per year (MMTCE/Year). A rough

estimate of current carbon emissions from the world’s building stock would be about 1300-2200

MMTCE/Year. Energy efficient building construction is the practice of increasing the efficiency of

buildings and their use of energy water and materials and reducing building’s impact on human health

and the built environment through better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance and

removal taken into account every aspect of the complete building life style. Conventional methods of

heating, cooling, ventilating creates damage to environment in terms of toxic gases, bad smell, increased

load of bacteria and fungi within the building or facility. Development without environmental

considerations can cause serious long term damage to the quality of life of present and future

generations. Many studies worldwide have shown that the era of the global warming has been

accelerated due to human activity e.g. industrialization, deforestation etc. hence our main aim to reduce



overall impact of the built environment on human health and natural environment by construction of

energy efficient green building adopting construction techniques and using low energy materials.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial

processes and transportation could reduce the world’s energy needs in year 2050 by one third and

control global emissions of green house gases effectively.

Literature Review:

Meaning of energy efficient building: Energy efficient building can be defined as building that are

designed to produce a significant reduction of the energy need for heating and cooling independently of

the energy and of the construction materials and equipments that will be chosen to heat or cool the

building.

Aims to construct energy efficient home:

One of the goals is to introduce day lighting into the interior spaces of the building through

windows and sky lights to reduce the need for artificial lighting.

Secondly, to maintain thermal comfort and minimize internal cooling or heating loads; the

building envelope needs to regulate and optimize heat transfer through roof, walls, windows,

doors and other openings.

To reduce overall impact of the built environment on human health and natural environment.

Resource conservation.

How to reduce the consumption of valuable energy in buildings: Valuable energy can be saved in

buildings by adopting some essential concepts:

Proper orientation of the building to take maximum advantage of the sun.

Land scaping by vegetation, to alter wind direction & ambient temperature.

Choice of building insulation/roof gardens/color and textures.

Properly sized and shaped windows.

Placement of windows to allow X-Ventilation.

Details of roof innovatively to admit maximum day light.

Use efficient lamps, fixtures and controls.

Use solar water heating system.

Use hybrid earth air tunnel system and air conditioning to reduce loads.

Strategies for energy efficient building: General strategies for achieving energy efficiency in buildings

are as follows:

Maximization of losses

Maximization of solar gains (heating case)

Minimization of solar gains (cooling case)

Minimization of electricity demand for artificial lighting



Minimization of losses: Transmission of heat losses plays an important role for the energy performance

of buildings. Depending on the building type (housing, office, schools etc.) transmission losses can have

the highest ratio of all losses. Therefore the first design relevant measure should be the reduction of

heating losses by minimization of the shape-volume ratio.

Maximizations of solar gains (Heating case) – In the heating period, maximization of passive solar

gains should be the main target to reduce the heating energy demand. Optimized interaction of

orientation, size of windows and disposable thermal mass are the key elements. Use of passive solar

energy and mechanical ventilation with heat recovery for heating, special design of windows and a

special sunblind with reflector (reflecting sunlight to the ceilings etc.) enables a maximization of solar

heat gains for the building. Massive floors, walls and special designed ceilings (ribbed concrete slabs

with large surface area) are used for the storage of solar energy.

Minimizations of solar gains (Cooling case) - Orientation and size of transparent building elements

(windows) have important influence on the cooling demand. North-South orientation is the best

orientation for the reduction of heating and the cooling energy demand. Intelligent shading elements

with different orientations (e.g. south windows with horizontal elements west and east windows with

vertical elements) are further measures for the reductions of solar gains. In office building up to two

third of the total cooling load (around 200 to250 WH/m2/day) can be managed by passive cooling

without mechanical energy.

Minimization of electricity demand for artificial lighting – Besides heating and cooling, the energy

demand for artificial lighting is of importance for energetic performance buildings. Buildings with huge

overall width like office buildings tend to have substantial energy demand for artificial lighting. The

development of innovative daylight concepts is the most important strategy to decrease the energy

demand for lighting.

Energy efficient building materials:

Choosing the right building materials and using them properly is a key to the construction of an energy

efficient house. Building materials with energy features are as under:

Insulation products

Air and vapour barriers

Windows and doors

Ventilation equipments

Insulation products: - There are many types of insulation products including:

Fibre insulation which consists of glass fibre and cellulose.

Foam Insulation which consists of panel type foam insulation and spray on foam insulation.

Reflective foil insulation.



Glass fibre insulations are available in bat form, in panel form and use as a blown in product for

use in walls, ceilings, and exposed floors.

Cellulose insulation is available as a blown in product for use in walls, ceilings, and exposed

floors.

Board or panel type foam insulation consists of; expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene,

poly-isocyanurate, polyurethane etc.

Spray in place product type foam insulation consists of; polyurethane low density ½ lb. density

and polyurethane medium density 2 lb. density.

Reflective insulation products require an air space on the warmer side.

Air and vapour barriers:

Every energy efficient house should include both effective air and vapour barrier system. .

Energy efficient homes control air leakage to reduce heat loss and moisture entry into insulated

floor areas.

Vapour barriers are used on the warm side of insulated walls, ceilings and exposed floors to

prevent air borne moisture from wicking into these areas.

Some foam insulations perform as a vapor barrier.

Air Barriers: Interior air barriers are any materials installed to stop warm moist inside air from leaking

out through holes in the building envelope into installed walls, ceilings and exposed floors. Exterior air

barriers stop outside air from infiltrating inside through holes in the building envelope. The air barrier

system must be continuous with all seams, edges, gaps and holes sealed and it is durable over the

expected life of building. The air barriers can be made from a wide range of flexible or rigid materials.

Vapour Barriers: Low vapour permeable materials used on the warm side of insulated walls, ceilings,

and exposed floors to prevent air borne moisture from wicking into these areas. These materials include:

polyethylene, aluminum foil, oil based paints, vapor barrier paints, some foam insulation materials, and

some ply woods.

Energy efficient windows and doors: Energy efficient windows and doors provide a range of benefits

to a home. This includes:

Reduced heat loss.

Warmer inside surfaces.

Reduced moisture condensation.

Improved comfort to occupants.

Reduced ultraviolet radiation.

Features of energy efficient windows:



Double or triple layers of glass.

Low E-coating on one or more of the glass surfaces. Argon or Krypton gas between the layers of

glass.

Insulated spacers between the layers of glass.

Ventilation equipment: All the houses need proper ventilation.

The national building code started to set minimum ventilation rates for new houses in 1995.

Natural air leakage is often inadequate for good air quality.

Ventilation helps to supply fresh air and control indoor air pollution.

Ventilation helps to control humidity during the heating season.

Heat recovery ventilation system (HRV) provides fresh outside air to our house while exhausting

indoor air to the outside.

A proper installed system will have a balanced air flow in and outside of our house.

An HRV recovers heat from the exhaust air to warm up the colder outside air entering our home.

Use of low VOC and lead free paints in interiors: The indoor air quality of building can be achieved

through the use of low VOC and lead free paints. Use of high VOC paints in interiors of building can be

a major health hazard for the building occupants. Lead in paints can also be detrimental to the health of

building occupants. Therefore always prefer paints which are low VOC and lead free for achieving

thermal comfort inside the building. Paints can also be replaced by white wash or dry distempers or

cement paints or exposed brick finish.

Use of Pozzolona Port land cement: It contains fly ash mixed with cement. The use of Pozzolona Port

land cement ensures that fly ash which is a waste material or by product of thermal power plants, is used

in construction as an effective replacement of ordinary port land cement. This help in reducing the

overall embodied energy of cement as well as preventing molds/heaps of fly ash waste which can cause

air and water pollution. Therefore lower embodied energy materials and construction practices help in

reducing the emissions.

Use of Solarcrete structural insulated panels: Solarcrete is a concrete structural insulated panel wall

system constructed with EPS foam and concrete to build energy efficient concrete walls. The Solarcrete

insulated wall panel system can save our 60-100% in heating and cooling energy costs over traditional

construction methods. These wall systems provides following advantages:

Comfortable and healthy interior environment.

Heating/cooling energy savings.

To build structurally strong building.

Reduction in outside noise pollution.

Storm resistant.

Fire resistant.



Low maintenance.

Mold/Mildew/Rot resistant.

Vermin and termite resistant.

Life cycle cost effectiveness.

Terra cotta blocks and semi wire cur bricks: For creating energy efficient and thermally comfortable

spaces, a combination of hollow terra cotta blocks and semi wire cur bricks have been used for the

external walls. This form a wall with three air cavities, the terra cotta blocks on the outside and the

bricks on the inside, keeping the interiors cool and bringing down the use of air-conditioning. Besides

serving as a passive coolant, the external wall is also very low on maintenance, bringing down the long

term maintenance costs of the building. Use of high reflective materials on the roof top: use light colored

roof having a solar reflectance index (SRI) of 5% or more. The dark colored traditional roofing finishes

have SRI varying from 5% to 20%. A good example of high SRI is the use of broken china mosaic and

light colored tiles as roof finishes which reflect heat of the surface because of high solar reflectivity and

infrared emittance, which in turn, prevents heat gain and thus help in reducing the cooling load from the

building envelope.

Use of high reflective materials on the roof top: use light colored roof having a solar reflectance index

(SRI) of 50% or more. The dark colored traditional roofing finishes have SRI varying from 5% to 20%.

A good example of high SRI is the use of broken china mosaic and light colored tiles as roof finishes;

which reflect heat of the surface because of high reflectivity and infrared emittance which in turn

prevents heat gain and thus help in reducing the cooling load from the building envelope.

CASE STUDY:

Energy efficient green materials used in case study building:

Grit wash

Sand stone cladding

Gypsum board

Glass wool

Tinted glass

Energy efficient windows and ventilators

Grit wash: Grit wash is the right choice for us. Better known as exposed aggregate plaster, this hardly

decorative finish can easily with stand harsh weather conditions. A mortar of Birla white cement,

dolomite powder and chips in a ratio of 2.5:1:6 is perfect for grit wash. Before the application, the

surface should be leveled with a float. After an initial setting of 1-2 hours, the grit wash surface should

be scrubbed gently with a nylon brush and water to remove the cement on top of the chips and to expose

the aggregates. The grit washes have applied on the walls of case study building to provide

cover/thickness to walls and keep cool inside the envelope. Hence reduce the demand to extra cooling

for interior spaces of the building.



Sand stone cladding: Sand stone cladding was developed to make publicly available a product that we

as stone masons have been creating and using for years over 30 year experience. It is not a quality

product, but a timeless master piece that will stand the test of time, and because it is real Indian sand

stone we can rest peace fully knowing that it will still have as much character and charm in 100 years as

it does the day it is installed. Sand stone cladding is very popular with commercial buildings as it gives a

very modern look to a new or renovated building. Dholpur stone cladding stone is a natural, light weight

and installer friendly stone. Where there is not enough room for natural building stone. Sand stone

cladding has the significant advantage of low or no maintenance required compared to painted buildings.

Sand stone cladding can be used on interior surfaces as well as externally. The cladding corners make it

easy to use sand stone cladding on pillars and provides a beautiful finish. It is relatively easy in

installation. In case study building stone cladding is provided on outer exposed wall surfaces to provide

cover to the walls, to resist sun rays and to keep cool inside and in this way helpful in energy saving.



Gypsum board: Gypsum board is the generic name for a family of panel products that consist of a

noncombustible core, composed primarily of gypsum and a paper surfacing on the face back and long

edges. Gypsum board is one of several building materials covered by the umbrella term “Gypsum panel

“products contain gypsum cores; however, they can be face with a variety of different materials

including paper and fiber glass mats. Gypsum board is often call dry wall, wall board or plaster board. It

can be applied to masonry and concrete surfaces, either directly or to wood or metal furring strips. Most

common application in residential building construction is the gypsum board system in which the joints

between the panels and internal corners are reinforced with tape and covered with joint compound to

create a surface suitable for final decoration. Gypsum boards are easy to install. Gypsum board panels

are relatively large compared to other materials; they come in 48” and 54” wide sheets and in lengths of

8’, 10’ or 12’ so they quickly cover large wall and ceiling areas. Gypsum board assemblies require only

a few tools for their construction. Gypsum board can be cut with either a utility knife or a variety of

saws and it can be attached with a variety of fasteners. Gypsum board is a light weight material hence

two workers can easily handle most panels and cover large areas in very short time periods. Gypsum

board is an excellent fire resistive building material and protects building elements from fire for

prescribed time period. Gypsum board wall and ceiling system effectively helps, control sound

transmission. Gypsum board is used to construct strong, high quality walls and ceilings that offer

excellent dimensional stability and durability. Gypsum board is readily available and easy to apply. In

the case study building gypsum board is applied in the room area walls and ceilings for achieving

thermal comfort.

Tinted glass: Ordinary tinted glass is popular because it reduces heat gain and carbon emissions,

although it also marginally reduces visible light transmission. High performance or low energy tinted

glass or spectrally selective tinted glass reduces solar heat below that of ordinary bronze/grey tint but

has a visible transmittance closer to clear glass. The tint has little effect on the u-factor but reduces solar

heat gain considerably; which can reduce the need for air conditioning in the summer. Tinted glass is

useful in controlling glare-especially for those windows facing east or north east, return the sun light not

glare into our home. Tinted glass can reduce ultra violet transmittance and visible light, so when

strategically placed, it will reduce the transfer of heat and improve comfort. In fact, tinted glass can

reduce the solar heat transmission by 30%-50% when compared to ordinary clear float glass; especially



if used in an insulated glass unit for double glazed windows and doors. The solar energy is affected to

the darker shade of glass and is absorbed while the air draws this heat away from the building and its

uses. Also, it can be an alternative to low energy glass in double glazed units, when glass color is

important. In case study building tinted glass have fixed in east and west sun facing windows and

ventilators to reflect ultra violet radiation of sun and to obtained energy efficiency and thermal comfort.

Features and Benefits of Tinted Glass:

Reduction in glare

Privacy during day Light

Designer Appearance

Lower External Reflectance

Solar Control

Increase In property value

Resin bonded fiber glass wool: Glass wool or fire glass insulation is an insulating material made from

fibers of glass arranged into texture similar to wool. Glass wool is produced in rolls or in slabs with

different thermal and mechanical properties. Glass wool is a thermal insulation that consists of

intertwined and flexible glass fibers, which causes it to package air resulting in a low density that can be

varied through compression and binder content. It can be a loose fill material, blown into attics or

together with an active binder sprayed on the underside of structures. Sheets and panels can be used to

insulate flat surfaces such as cavity wall insulation, ceiling tiles, curtain walls as well as ducting. It is

also used to insulate piping and for sound proofing. In the case study building resin bonded fiber glass

wool is filled in walls and ceilings behind gypsum board as well as in under deck for achieving thermal

comfort and saving valuable energy.



Building components and their electrical appliances in IIITM Campus Building Gwalior

( only for ground floor portion As per drawing of building)



S.No. Type of Room Size of Room Rooms CFL FAN AC Water cooler

2

A.H.U. Room

2.745m x 6.97m

1

3

2

1

-

3

Lecture Hall

6.97m x 12.485m

2

16

8

4

-

4

Research Scholar Room

9.20m x 4.315m

1

6

4

2

-

5

Multipurpose Room

9.20m x 4.315m

1

6

4

2

-

6

Server Room

3.37m x 4.22m

1

2

2

1

-

7

UPS and Electrical Distribution

Room

3.37m x 7.00m

1

3

2

1

-

8

2.170m Wide Corridor

2.17m x 12.485m

1

4

--

--

-

9

1.870m Wide Corridor

1.87m x 12.485m

2

4

--

--

-

10

2.17m Wide Corridor

2.17m x 39.0m

1

12

--

--

1



CALCULATION SHEET FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION

TOTAL NO. OF CFLS = 76 NOS.

= 76X15W = 1140 = 1.14KW

Nos. of units for one hour = 1.14X1 = 1.14 units

Assume the working period of the educational building be 10 hrs per day

Nos. of units for one day = 10 hrs.X1.14 = 11.40 units

For one month (26 days excluding Sunday) = 26X11.40 = 296.40 units

For one year = 12X296.40 = 3556.80 units = 3557 units (say)

For17 years (payback period) = 17X3557 = 60469 units

As per MPEB’s current rates of energy consumption @ Rs 6.00 per unit

Energy price in terms of cost = 60469X6 = Rs 362814.00

TOTAL NO. OF FANS = 38 NOS.

= 38X50W = 1900W = 1.90KW


Nos. of units for one day = 1.90X10 = 19 units

11

3.60m Wide Connecting Corridor

3.6m x 25.773m

1

6

--

--

-

12

3.30 Wide Stairs (front and rear)

--

2

2

--

--

-

13

Toilet Gents

3.23m x 3.60m

1

1

--

--

-

14

Handicaps Toilet

1.64m x 2.50m

1

1

--

--

-

Total

17

76

38

15

01



Nos. of units for one month = 19X26 = 494 units

Nos. of units for one year = 494X12 = 5928 units

Nos. of units for 17 years = 5928X17 = 100776 units

Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs 6.00/unit = 6X100776 = Rs. 604656.00

TOTAL NOS. OF ACs = 14+1 = 15 NOS.

= 14x2.25KW+1X1.5KW = 33KW

Nos. of units for one hour = 33X1 = 33 units

Nos. of units for one day = 33X10 = 330 units



Nos. of units for 17 years = 102960X17 = 1750320 units

Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs. 6.00/unit = 1750320X6 = Rs. 10501920.00

TOTAL NOS. OF WATER COOLERS = 1 NO.

= 1X600W = 600W = 0.60KW


Nos. of units for one day = 0.60X10 = 6 units



Nos. of units consumed for 17 years = 1872X17 = 31824 units

Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs. 6.00/unit = 31824X6 = Rs.190944.00

TOTAL NOS. OF CFLS 85W = 6 NOS. (For surrounding building’s outer faces)

= 6X85 = 510W = 0.51KW

Nos. of units for one hour = 0.51X1 = 0.51 unit

Nos. of units for one day = 0.51X12 = 6.12 units

Nos. of units for one month = 6.12X30 = 183.60 units = 184 units (say)




Nos. of units consumed for 17 years = 2208X17 = 37536 units

Energy price in terms of cost @ Rs. 6.00/unit = 37536X6 = Rs.225216.00

Total cost of energy consumption for one year = Rs.699150.00

Total cost of energy consumption for 17 years = Rs. 11885550.00

Abstract of Estimated cost for Energy Efficient Green Building Materials

Used in the construction of IIITM campus Building Gwalior (M.P.)

S.N Description of items Qty. or NOS. Rate Unit Amount

1 2 3 4 5 6

1

Non-asbestos multipurpose cement board reinforced with cellulose fiber manufactured through auto claving process ( high pressure steam cured) as per is 14862 with suitable fiber cement Screw (Gypsum board) 8MM thick DSR I. No. 9.133.2.1

912.678 644.95 Sqm 588631.67

2

Providing and fixing thermal insulation with resin bonded fiber glass wool confirming to is 8183 having density 24Kg/M3, 50MM thick wrapped in 200G virgin polythene Bags fixed to wall with screw rawel plug and washers and held in position by criss crossing G.I. wire etc complete as per direction of Engineer-in-charge . DSR.I.No. 12.57

912.678 304.95 Sqm 278321.15

3

Providing and fixing thermal insulation of ceiling (under deck insulation) with resin bonded fiber glass wool confirming to IS:8183 density 24Kg/M3, 50MM thick, wrapped in 200G virgin polythene Bags, Fixed to ceiling with metallic cleats (50x50x3MM) @ 60CM and wire mesh of 12.5 MMx24gauge wire mesh, for top most ceiling of Building DSR.I.No. 12.34

1600.00 431.70 Sqm 690720.00

4

Distempering with 1st quality acrylic distemper having VOC (volatile organic compound) content less then 50gms/litre , of approved brand and manufacture, including applying additional coats wherever required to achieve even shade and color two coats DSR.I.No. 13.81.2

1800.00 34.40 Sqm 61920.00



5

Wall painting with premium acrylic emulsion point of interior grade having VOC content less then 50Gms/litre of approved Brand and manufacture, including applying additional coats wherever required to achieve even shade & color two coats DSR.I.No. 13.83.2

970.00 61.45 Sqm 59606.50

6

painting with synthetic enamel paint having VOC (volatile organic compound) content less then 150gms./litre of approved brand and manufacture, including applying additional coats wherever required to achieve even shade and color two coats DSR.I.No. 13.84.2

383.00 53.90 Sqm 20643.70

7

Applying priming coats with primer of approved brand and manufacture having low VOC content 1.With ready mixed pink or grey primer on wood work (hard and soft wood) having VOC content less then 50gms/litre DSR.I.No. 13.85.1 2.With ready mixed red oxide zinc chromate on steel/iron works having VOC content less then 250grams/litre DSR.I.No. 13.85.2 3.with water thin able cement primer on wall surface having VOC content less than 50grams/litre DSR.I.No. 13.85.3

970.00 373.00

1800.00

27.40 24.30 25.55

Sqm Sqm Sqm

2.00

8

Providing and fixing 30MM thick gang Saw cut (diamond cut) sand Stone with machine cut edges for wall lining etc. of required sizes and pattern as per drawing over 12MM thick bed of CM1:3 including pointing in white CM 1:2 mixed with an admixture of pigment matching the Stone Shade, Chambering the exposed edges of Stine Slab to make "V" grooves between adjacent Stones as required as per drawings complete including staging and double pipe scaffolding at all heights. 1.Red sand Stone-Exposed face fine dressed with rough backing 30MM thick DSR.I.No. 5.1.1.1 2.White sand Stone-exposed face fine dressed with rough backing 30MM thick DSR.I.No.5.1.2.1

147.00 515.00

1570.00 1650.00

Sqm Sqm

230790.000 849750.00

9

Providing and fixing Stainless steel clamps/pins of required size & shape for anchoring stone wall lining to the backing or securing adjacent Stones in Stone wall lining in cm 1:2 including making chares in Stone and hole in wall wherever required. DSR.I.No. 5.3

258.00 477.00 Kg 123066.00



10

Providing and laying 25MM thick red sand Stone (in plinth protection) lard over 20MM thick base of CM 1:5 including treating the joints with cement mixed with pigment to match the shade of the Stone. DSR.I.No. 5.7

155.00 1026.00 Sqm 159030.00

11

Washed Stone grit plaster on exterior walls of height up to 10M above level in two layers under layer 12MM cement Plaster 1:4 furrowing the under layer with scratching tool , Applying cement slurry on the under layer @ 2Kg of cement per Sqm. top layer 15MM thick with marble chips of sizes from 7MM to 10MM nominal size laid in cement marble powder mix 3:1 by weight in proportion of volume including cement slurry etc. in panels with groove all around as per approved pattern including scrubbing and washing the top layer with brusher and water to expose the stone chippings complete as per specification and direction of engineer-in-charge DSR.I.No.11.12

800.00 320.00 Sqm 256000.00

12

forming groove of uniform size in the top laver of washed stone grit plaster as per approved pattern using wooden battens nailed to the under layer including removal of wooden battens, repair to the edges of panels and finishing the groove complete as per specifications and direction of Engineer-in-charge. 15MM wide and 15MM deep groove DSR.I.No. 11.13.1

1458.00 15.00 Metre 21870.00

13

providing and fixing glazing in aluminum door window, ventilator shutters and partitions etc. with PVC/neoprene gasket etc. complete as per the Architectural drawings and the direction of project manager. 1.With float glass panes of 4.0mm thickness DSR.I.No. 16.2.1 2.With float glass panes of 5.50mm thickness DSR.I.No. 16.2.2

2.00 170.00

632.00 755.00

Sqm Sqm

1264.00 128350.00

Total Rs. 3551594.92

CONCLUSION

In the present study, energy efficient construction of an institutional building is taken as a case study. To

make building energy efficient more emphasis is given on the selection of energy efficient building

materials and construction techniques. As per the drawing of building and components different types of

energy efficient materials and construction techniques are adopted which are as :

1. Sand stone cladding on surrounding exterior walls.



2. Grit wash on outer exposed faces of walls.

3. Gypsum board panels, fixed in interior wall faces & ceiling.

4. Tinted glass fixed in windows & ventilators constructed in sun facing east and west facade walls.

5. Resin bonded fibre glass wool filled in ceiling & walls behind gypsum board panels & also in under

deck of truss.

6. High performances windows, doors and ventilators have fixed for energy saving perspective.

7. Orientation of building keeping long façade towards North-South direction.

8. Cavity wall construction in east & west façade sun facing walls.

The total cost of the conventional construction of building is Rs.53298649.0

(As per approved estimate of CPWD, Project DN. Gwalior)

The construction cost of building for ground floor portion is Rs.13891786

The initial investment cost of energy efficient green materials

used in ground floor portion of building is Rs.3551594.92

The total cost of building for ground floor portion including

energy efficient green materials is Rs.17443381.72

The percentage increase in initial construction cost due to used of energy efficient materials is

Rs.3551594.92

The annual energy consumption cost of building components

for ground floor portion using conventional lighting & conditioning

systems (As per calculation sheet) Rs.699150.00

Assuming energy saving potential by adopting construction techniques

and low energy materials in components of building @ 30% annually

as per literature studies available =Rs.699150X0.30 =Rs.209745.00

Assuming maintenance & operational cost of building is zero.

Assuming lifecycle of building will be 50 years & payback period be 17 years.

Hence, total energy saving cost for 17 years =209745X17 = Rs.3565665>3551594.92

Hence OK. The Initial investment cost on energy efficient materials &

techniques used in the construction of this building can be calculated in the form of abstract of estimate

by the help of building’s approved estimate framed by CPWD Project Division Gwalior and finally it is

found that the initial additional investment cost of energy efficient materials will be recovered by energy



saving per month/per year in long run or payback period. Hence, this paper will provide an overview for

the construction of energy efficient buildings by using low energy materials and construction techniques,

which when adopted, can cut the overall energy consumption by 25% to 30% as per literature studies

available. In this way awareness in the society will be generated to construct more and more energy

efficient homes to conserve our natural resources for present and future generation by which our goal of

energy saving in buildings will be achieved.

References:

ASCE Journal of management in engineering, January-2011 “green project management

practices for sustainable construction”

Energy conservation building code tip sheet for building envelope, March 2011.

Energy efficient buildings in India by TERI and MNRE, 2001.

New technical solutions for energy efficient buildings by SCI Network for sustainable

construction and innovation through procurement.

Operation and maintenance to improve energy efficiency and sustainability of existing buildings

by Dr. Sam C M Hui, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong.

Solar passive design for new building, building guidelines by “TERI”.

SVAGRIHA “The energy and research institute and association of development and research of

sustainable habitats, 2011”

U. S. green building council 2006 & U.N.E.P. 2007.

Village energy planning toolkit for semi arid regions fact sheet.

http://www.synergy carbon.com “energy efficient building design

www.teriin .org (energy and resource institute)

http://www.edugreen.teri.res.in

http://www.efficiencynb.ca “building materials for energy efficient homes and renovations”

http://www.stonecladdingpanel.com

http://www.homeimprovementpages.com.au

http://www.sandstonecladding.co.za

http://www.gypsum.org “for walls and ceilings”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glasswool

http://www.isotop tinted glass.com

http://www.grit wash.com

http://www.birla white.com

http://www.google.com “details of grit wash in Indian building

http://www.isover.com “how to design and build an energy efficient building”

http://www.apawood.org “the engineered wood association”

http://en.wikipedia.org/energy-efficiency “efficient energy use”

http://www.synergy/

http://www.teriin/

http://www.efficiencynb.ca/

http://www.stonecladdingpanel.com/

http://www.homeimprovementpages.com.au/

http://www.sandstonecladding.co.za/

http://www.gypsum.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glasswool

http://www.isotop/

http://www.grit/

http://www.birla/

http://www.google.com/

http://www.isover.com/

http://www.apawood.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/energy-efficiency

Energy saving in building by using energy efficient green building materials

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