ENERGY RESOURCES – KS3 Differentiated Materials. K EY W ORDS Energy – being able to do work. e.g. food gives us energy, so that we can move Fuel - Fuel.

ENERGY RESOURCES – KS3Differentiated Materials

KEY WORDS

Energy – being able to do work. e.g. food gives us energy, so that we can move

Fuel - Fuel is anything that is

burned or altered to obtain energy

Fuel gauge

SOLAR POWER

Most of the Earth's energy comes from the sun Solar power is energy from the sun There are two main ways that we use the Sun's

energy 1. Solar Cells

2. Solar water heating

WHY USE SOLAR POWER?

Advantages Solar energy is free - no fuel, no waste or pollution. In sunny countries, easy to use in remote places Good for low-power uses such as solar powered garden

lights and battery chargers

Disadvantages Doesn't work at night. Very expensive to build solar power stations. Can be unreliable unless you're in a very sunny place Solar energy is renewable because the sun is

always there

ENERGY FROM FOSSIL FUELS

Fossil fuels are coal, oil and gas

Coal oil and gas

Fossil fuels were formed from

dead plants and animals over

millions of years.

fossils

ENERGY FROM FOSSIL FUELS

Fossil fuels have formed over millions of years. Plants and animals died and were immediately covered by sediment in seas or swamps.

After millions of years of pressure and heat (900C to 1200C), these remains turned into COAL, OIL and NATURAL GAS.

Coal comes mainly from dead plants, like trees, falling into swamps.

Oil and gas occur together and were formed from both plants and animals being buried.

When we burn fossil fuels we’re using the sun’s energy that has been stored as chemical energy underground for millions of years.

HOW ‘FOSSIL FUEL’ POWER STATIONS WORK:

Coal is crushed to a fine dust and burnt. Oil and gas can be burnt directly.

www.vauxhallsociety.org.uk

WHY USE FOSSIL FUELS TO MAKE ELECTRICITY?

Advantages Electricity can be generated fairly cheaply. Transporting oil and gas to the power stations is easy. Gas-fired power stations are very efficient. A fossil-fuelled power station can be built almost anywhere. 

Disadvantages Pollution. Burning any fossil fuel produces carbon dioxide, which

contributes to the "greenhouse effect", warming the Earth. Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning oil or gas. Mining coal can be difficult, dangerous and ugly. Coal-fired power stations need huge amounts of fuel.

Fossil fuels are a non- renewable energy resource. Once we've burned them all, there isn't any more and our use of fossil fuels has nearly doubled every 20 years since 1900. This is a particular problem for oil, because we also use it to make plastics and many other products.

WIND POWER Wind power also comes from the sun; winds blow

because the Sun warms our atmosphere. Warm air tends to rise, and winds are due to other air moving in to replace it.

The wind blows the propeller round, which

turns a generator to produce electricity We tend to build many of these towers together, to

make a "wind farm" and produce more electricity. The more towers, the more wind, and the larger the

propellers, the more electricity we can make

WHY USE WIND POWER?Advantages Wind is free. Produces no waste or greenhouse gases. The land beneath can usually still be used for farming. Wind farms can be tourist attractions. A good method of supplying energy to remote areasDisadvantages The wind is not always predictable - some days have no wind. Suitable areas for wind farms are often near the coast, where

land is expensive. Some people feel that covering the landscape with these towers

is ugly Can kill birds. Can affect television reception if you live nearby. Can be noisy.  

Wind power is renewable. Winds will keep on blowing.

HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER Hydro-electric power is generated from falling water. Nowadays

there are many hydro-electric power stations, providing around 20% of the world's electricity.

How it works: A dam is built to trap water, usually in a river valley. Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines

and thus drive generators to produce electricity.

(http://www.wvic.com/hydro-works.htm) 

WHY USE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER?

DISADVANTAGES

Hydro-electric power is renewable. The Sun provides the water by evaporation from the sea, and will continue to do it.

NUCLEAR POWER - ENERGY FROM SPLITTING URANIUM ATOMS

Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world.

Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without pollution.

electronicsdesigninfo.blogspot.com

ADVANTAGES OF USING NUCLEAR POWER

DISADVANTAGES

TIDAL POWER - ENERGY FROM THE SEA

How it works: Tidal Barrages These work rather like a hydro-electric scheme A huge dam (called a "barrage") is built across a river

estuary. When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through tunnels in the dam.

The ebb and flow of the tides can be used to turn a turbine.

www.h2bidblog.com

ADVANTAGES OF TIDAL POWER

DISADVANTAGES OF TIDAL POWER

A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build, and affects a very wide area. - the environment and birds. There are few suitable sites for tidal barrages.

Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out.

Tidal energy is renewable. The tides will continue to ebb and flow, and the energy is there for free.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IS ENERGY FROM HEAT INSIDE THE EARTH.

How it works Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam.

We drill holes down to the hot region; steam comes up, is purified and used to drive turbines, which drive generators to make electricity.

Geothermal energy is an important resource in volcanically active places such as Iceland and New Zealand.

http://keller.clarke.edu

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

BIOMASS - ENERGY FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS

Sugar cane can be used to make alcohol, which can be burned to generate power

Other solid wastes, can be burned to provide heat, or used to make steam for a power station

We can use rubbish, animal manure, woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other waste

aq48.dnraq.state.ia.us

www.animalaid.org.uk

Advantages It makes sense to use waste materials where we can. The fuel tends to be cheap. Less demand on the Earth's resources.

Disadvantages Collecting the waste in sufficient quantities can be

difficult. We burn the fuel, so it makes pollution. Some waste materials are not available all year round.

Biomass is renewable, as we're going to carry on making waste products. We can always plant and grow more sugar cane and more trees, so those are renewable too.