1 • Office Hours: – Tues 10am - noon – Wed 1 - 2pm – Thur 5 - 6pm – Friday 1 - 2pm – Additional hours available Energy matters! • Energy is the capacity to do work! – Kinetic energy is found in moving objects, like: • a rock rolling down a hill • wind blowing • water flowing – Potential Energy is stored energy, for example: • a rock poised on top of a hill • coiled spring • food • fossil fuels • Hydrogen gas Thermodynamics and Energy…. •1 st law of Thermodynamics : *Energy is conserved; it cannot be created or destroyed .…energy can be transferred or transformed, but nothing is perfect and with each transfer, there is less energy available to do work….. •2 nd law of Thermodynamics : *All natural systems tend to go from a state of order to a state of increasing disorder (entropy); energy disperses, gets lost as heat and movement…... Chemical bonds • Takes energy to form bonds • !Energy released when bonds are broken! • Are different kinds of bonds: – Ionic bonds (opposites attract - positive and negative) – Covalent bonds share electrons and are quite strong (e.g., H 2 O) – Covalent bonds between Carbon atoms are the main biological building blocks…. Biological Chemistry • Inorganic Molecules • Organic Molecules – Carbohydrates – Lipids – Proteins – Nucleic Acids Intro to your biochemicals: What is your dry weight? • 2% = Inorganic molecules – Low energy – Simple, lacking carbon chains • 98% = Organic molecules – High Energy (covalent bonds) – Complex molecules held together by carbon chains – Common pattern: monomers polymers • Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions • 4 major classes of organic molecules – Carbohydrates – Lipids – Proteins – nucleic acids
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Energy matters!• Molecular tools: diversity and versatility – Structural proteins –Enzymes – Movement – Defense proteins (antibodies) – Hormones – Cell surface receptors
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