Energy Management and Conservation 18-01-14

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Energy Management

and Conservation

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Energy Forms

 Primary Energy and Secondary Energy

 Renewable and Non Renewable Energy

 toe ( tonne of oil equivalent) = 10 X 10^6 Kcal

= 41870 MJ

= 11630 KWh

 Commercial and Non Commercial Energy

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Global Primary Energy Consumption

By Energy Source

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Indian Energy Scenario

 India’s Consumption is only 3.8 % of World

Consumption

 Annual energy Consumption of India is 420.6

Mtoe

 India’s Oil and gas reserves are estimated at

 just 20 years and 36 years respectively. Coal

likely to last for 114 years

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Break Up of Installed Capacity in INDIA

PowerGeneration

Route

Capacity(MW)

%

Coal 85193 53

Gas 17056 11

Oil 1200 1.0

Hydro 36913 24

Nuclear 4560 3.0

Renewable 16429 8.0Total 161351 100

Data Updated till 31st May 2010

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Sector Wise Energy Consumption in

INDIA

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Energy Management

Strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy ,

using systems and procedures so as to reduce

energy requirements per unit of output while

holding constant or reducing the total cost of

producing the output from the systems.

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Objectives of Energy Management

 To achieve and maintain optimum energy

procurement and utilization throughout the

organisation

To minimize energy costs / waste without

affecting production and quality

To minimize environmental effects

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Energy Audit

It means the verification , monitoring and

analysis of use of energy including submission

of technical reports containing

recommendations for improving energy

efficiencies with cost benefit analysis and an

action plan to reduce energy consumption.

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Energy Security

• Aim: Reduce dependency on the imported

energy sources for the economic growth of

India.

• Definition : The continuous availability of

energy in varied forms in sufficient quantity at

reasonable prices.

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Strategies to maintain future energy

requirements

Reducing energy Requirement  Improving the efficiency of extracting fossil fuels

Improving fuel efficiency of coal fired fuel plants

Adopting Demand Side Management

Promotion of Public / mass Transport Developing renewable sources of energy like wind and

solar

Substituting Imported oil / gas with domesticalternatives Ethanol / Biodiesel as substitute for petrol or Diesel

Biomass Gasification for heat or Power ( alternative tocoal)

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• Diversifying energy supply sources.

 – Mixing of fuel with no dependence on any

particular fuel

• Expanding energy resource and develop

alternative energy sources

 – Recovery of oil & gas from abandoned andmarginal fields

 – New Domestic Sources.

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Energy Conservation Act

Schemes:

• Energy Conservation Building Code ( Building :erection orpart of structure or erection which is having a connectedload of 100 KW or contract demand of 120 KVA and aboveand intended to be used for commercial purpose)

• Standards and Labelling

• Demand Side Management

• Bachat Lamp Yojana

• Promoting energy efficiency in small and medium scale

industries• Designated Consumers

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Tariff System

• Maximum Demand Charges

• Energy Charges

•

Power Factor Penalty or Bonus rates• Fuel Cost adjustment charges

• Meter Rentals

• Time of Day rates• Penalty for exceeding Contract Demand.

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Electrical Load management and

Maximum Demand Control

• Rescheduling of Large Electrical Loads.

• Storage of products / in process materials /

process utilities like refrigeration.

• Shedding off non essential loads

• Operation of captive generation and Diesel

Generator Sets.

• Reactive Power Compensation.

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Assessment of transmission & Distribution

( T&D) Losses in Power System

• Technical Losses

 –  Transformation Losses

 – I2r losses

• Commercial Losses

 – Illegal Consumption of Electrical energy which is

not correctly metered , billed and revenue

collected

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Normative Technical Losses Limit in

T&D network in Indian ContextSystem Component Loss Limit %

( Min.)

Loss Limit %

( Max.)

STEP-UP Transformer & EHV Transmission System 0.5 1.0

Transmission to Intermediate Voltage Level ,

transmission system & Step Down to sub Transmission

Voltage Level

1.5 3.0

Sub Transmission system & step Down to Distribution

Voltage Level

2.0 4.5

Distribution Lines and Service Condition 3.0 7.0

Total Losses 7.0 15.5

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Computation of AT & C LossesAT & C Losses = { 1 – (Billing Efficiency X Collection

Efficiency) } X 100

Where,

Total units sold , MU

Billing Efficiency % = X 100

Total input , MU

Revenue Collected , Rs.Collection efficiency % = X 100

Amount Billed, RsMU= Million Units

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Collection Efficiency : In a billing cycle , a

distribution utility issues bill against metered

energy and assessed energy. The ratio of

amount collected to total amount billed

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The estimation of AT & C Losses for a

sample area is shown belowSl.

No.

Description Annual

Data

1 Input Energy = ( Import – Export) , MU Ei 10

2a Energy Billed ( Metered) , MU E1 6

2b Energy Billed ( Un-Metered) , MU E2 12c Total Energy Billed (E1+E2) Eb 7

3 Amount Billed (Rs. Lakhs) Ab 400

4a Gross Amount Collected ( Rs. Lakhs) AG 410

4b Arrears Collected ( Rs. Lakhs) Ar 40

4c Amount Collected without arrears ( Rs. Lakhs) Ac = AG - Ar 370

5 Billing Efficiency ( BE) = Eb/ Ei * 100% 70%

6 Collection Efficiency (CE) = Ac/Ab * 100% 93%

7 AT & C Loss = {1-( BE*CE)}*100% 35%

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Measures to reduce Commercial

Losses

• Accurate Metering

• Installation of electronic Meters

•

Intensive Inspection• Eradication of Theft

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Thank You

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