Energy Level Diagrams 1s 3s 2s 2p 4s 3p 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s E Pictorial representation of electron distribution in orbitals Aufbau principle – e - occupy the lowest energy orbital available p. 188 in text Hund’s rule – e - half-fill each orbital in a sublevel before pairing up Pauli exclusion principle – max 2 e - per orbital (spin up and spin down) n = 1 l = 0 m l = 0 m s = -½
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Energy Level Diagrams 1s 3s 2s 2p 4s 3p 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s E Pictorial representation of electron distribution in orbitals Aufbau principle – e - occupy.
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Energy Level Diagrams
1s
3s
2s2p
4s3p
3d4p
5s4d
5p6s
E
Pictorial representation of electron distribution
in orbitalsAufbau principle – e- occupy the lowest energy orbital available
p. 188 in text
Hund’s rule – e- half-fill each orbital in a sublevel
before pairing up
Pauli exclusion principle – max 2 e- per orbital (spin up and spin down)
n = 1 l = 0 ml = 0 ms = -½
Orbitals Being Filled
1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
7s
3d
4d
5d
6d
2p
3p
4p
5p
6p
1s
La
Ac
1
3 4 5 6 7
4f
5f
Lanthanide series
Actinide series
Groups 8
Per
iods
1 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 345
Energy Level Diagrams
1s
3s
2s2p
4s3p
3d4p
5s4d
5p6s
E
Anions - Add e- to lowest energy sublevel available.
Ferromagnetic – Fe, Co and Ni are smaller, closely packed atoms able to orient themselves in a magnetic field (group of these atoms oriented in the same direction – domain theory) , explains full magnetism
Q: Which substances containing calcium, zinc, copper (II) and manganese(II) ions are paramagnetic?
CaSO4(s)
ZnSO4(s)
CuSO4(s)
MnSO4(s)
Paramagnetism – substances exhibit a weak magnetic attraction believed to be caused by the presence of unpaired electrons
Quantum ChallengeThe arrangement of elements in the periodic table is a direct consequence of the allowed values for the four quantum numbers. If the laws of physics allowed these numbers to have different values, the appearance of the periodic table would change.Suppose, in a different universe, the quantum number ml has the allowed values of ml = 0,1,…+l. All other allowed values are unchanged so the set of allowed values is:n = 1,2,3…l = 0,1,2…n-1ml = 0,1…+l
ms = ½,-½
Task:
1. Design the periodic table for the first 30 elements.
2. Label the s,p and d block elements.3. Shade or colour the noble gas-like elements.