Energy The balloon was filled with Hydrogen Hydrogen . Along with Oxygen, the contents of the balloon combined to form water water. The energy stored in the balloon is ALL chemical chemical What forms of energy did this transform into?
Jan 12, 2016
Energy
The balloon was filled with HydrogenHydrogen .
Along with Oxygen, the contents of the balloon
combined to form waterwater.
The energy stored in the balloon is ALL chemicalchemical
What forms of energy did this transform into?
Heat , Mechanical, Radiant, SoundHeat , Mechanical, Radiant, Sound
L.o.C.o.E.
The amount of energy we started with is
more than
equal to equal to less than
the amount we ended with.
L.o.C.o.E•
Energy cannot be CreatedCreated !
•Energy cannot be DestroyedDestroyed !
•Energy can ONLY be TransformedTransformed !
• This simple set of statements is called the Law
of Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy .
•When any energy is transformed, heatheat is always released.
THE BASICS:THE BASICS:
• Energy can be measured with two basic units:
CaloriesCalories and JoulesJoules •
Energy can be found in two (2)two (2) different TYPES!
•POTENTIAL ENERGY: storedstored
• KINETIC ENERGY: movingmoving
THE BASICS:THE BASICS:
• Energy is found in 77different FORMS!
• Most energy forms can be found as both types.
• Some cannot be stored by themselves, only transformed into from other forms.
CHEMICALENERGY
CHEMICAL ENERGY:• Chemical energy is stored in chemical bondschemical bonds•
Plants use a process called photosynthesisphotosynthesis to
store the sun’s energy as sugars in fruits and roots.
•CO2 + Water + ENERGYENERGY → Sugar + Oxygen gas
•The plant takes in the raw materials of COCO22 and
waterwater and then uses the sun’s radiant energy to
““glue”glue” them together.
CHEMICAL ENERGY:•
Chemical energy is used when bondsbonds are broken.
• We eat the sugar and use the energy to make chemicals
that we need to live. This is called respirationrespirationSugar + Oxygen gas → CO2 + Water + ENERGYENERGY• The amount of Calories in our food can be determined by
burning the food in a calorimeterburning the food in a calorimeter
HEATENERGY
HEAT ENERGY:
• Heat occurs whenever particles collidecollide • Two things happen when heat is added to
particles speed upspeed up and spread outspread out
• The average speed of particles is called
temperaturetemperature
HEAT ENERGY:•
Heat ALWAYS travels from HOTHOT to COLDCOLD until temperatures are the same.
•“Cold” refers to something that has less heatheat than something else.
• When something gets “cold”, heat is being
removedremoved
HEAT ENERGY:• Conduction- direct contact with direct contact with
temperature differencestemperature differences • Convection- circulation within a circulation within a
fluid (liquids and gases )fluid (liquids and gases ) • Radiation- an electromagnetic wave an electromagnetic wave
called INFRARED.called INFRARED.
ELectricalENERGY
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Electricity is usually stored as chemical energy.
• One chemical givesgives electrons; the other
takes takes electrons.
• Static electricity can occur when there is a
buildup of electronselectrons.
• Opposite charges attract attract • Like charges repel repel
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• The balloon has been rubbed on your hair. Draw the charges you would find on the balloon and the wall.
Wall
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Two balloons have been rubbed on your head. Draw their interaction in the space below.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• You place your hand on the Van de Graaf generator. Draw your hair AND the charges you would predict.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Electricity refers to the flow of
electrons electrons • A circuit must be closed closed
(completed) (completed) for electrons to flow.
• There are two types of circuits
series series and parallelparallel
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• SERIES CIRCUIT– Shares the voltage– Adding a light makes all of them dimmer– One goes out…they all go out
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• PARALLEL CIRCUIT– All receive maximum voltage– Adding a light changes nothing– One goes out…the rest stay on
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Voltage (Volts): electrical pressure electrical pressure (the umpf behind the electrons) (the umpf behind the electrons)
Amperage (Amps): the frequency of the frequency of electrons electrons
mechanical
ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY:
• Also called gravitational potential energy:
P.E. = mghP.E. = mass mass X gravity gravity X height height kg m/s2 m
MECHANICAL ENERGY:
• Kinetic Energy – The energy of motionThe energy of motion
K.E. = ½ mv2
K.E. = ½ mass mass X velocityvelocity2
kg m/s
MECHANICAL ENERGY:
nuclearENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY:
Protons Positive (+)Positive (+)
Neutrons Neutral (0)Neutral (0)
NUCLEAR ENERGY:
Nuclear energy holds the nucleus together. It would love to fly apart!
NUCLEAR ENERGY:
Nuclear fission is when the nucleus of large atoms is split.
Uncontrolled Fission !!!
Controlled Fission !!!
radiantENERGY
RADIANT ENERGY:
• What is light? An electromagnetic wave
RADIANT ENERGY:
Light is produced when a charged a charged particle is vibrated.particle is vibrated.
RADIANT ENERGY:
EM waves travel at the “speed of light”
which is… 300,000,000 300,000,000 m/s m/s or or
300 thousand 300 thousand km/skm/s
RADIANT ENERGY:
What is a wavelength?
RADIANT ENERGY:
Which wavelengths have the most / least energy?
• Name some types of light in the spaces below.
RADIANT ENERGY:
What wavelengths of light CAN been seen by humans?
soundENERGY
SOUND ENERGY:
• Sound is a wave of matter
SOUND ENERGY:
• Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
• Sound travels slowest through a GAS, fastest through a SOLID.
SOUND ENERGY:
• What is frequency?– The number of wavelengths that pass by a The number of wavelengths that pass by a
point in one second. point in one second. – Measured in HertzMeasured in Hertz
• What is pitch?– Refers to how high or low a tone isRefers to how high or low a tone is
SOUND ENERGY:
• Doppler Effect: